DOCSLIB.ORG

Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission Seattlenwf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission Seattlenwf %-A REVIEW OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF SERRANID& FOUND IN THE WATERS OF AMERICA AND EUROPE. BY DAVID STARR JORDAN AND CARL H. EIGENMANN. The family of h’evranida: includes many of our most important food fishes. The group comprises the various species popularly recognized as salt-water p rch at~d1?a8s, the groupers, garrupas, hinds, cabrillas, jaw-fishes, together with the striped bass of digerent species which inhabit or asoend our rivers. Nearly a hundred species are fouud in North American waters, aud of these every one, according to its size, is valuable as food. Some of them, popularly known as “jew-fishes,” are among the very largest of spiny-rayed fishes, aud many of the smaller forms are remarkable for the brilliancy of their coloration. This present paper contains an enumeration of the genera and species belonging to the family of Serranidct! found in tbs waters of America and Europe, together with the syuonymy of each, and analytical keys by which the different groups may be dis- tinguished. An earlier paper by Professors Jordan and Swain (Proc. U. 5. Nat. Mus., 1884, p. 358-411) has served as the basis of our studies of the Epinephelilza:,but this paper has been supplemented by the study of a very much larger amoirnt of material, aud the whole group of Berranidm has been brought under co nsideration. We have examined all the specimens of Serranidct! now contained in the Museum of Uoinparative Zoology at Uambridge, Massachusetts,* and all that are in the iniiseuin of the Indiana University. A large part of the material in the U. S. National Museum we have also studied, and also most of the original types contained,in the museum at Paris and in the British Museum. We have been indebted to Prof. Alexander Agassiz and to Mr. Samuel Garman for the free use of the specimens in the Museum of Oomparative Zoology. We are also indebted to Miss Elizabeth a. Hughes for help iu tho compilation of synonymy and in the preparation of skulls. For all statements regarding South American specimens the senior author is alone responsible. From the family #ermn.idct+ as understood by us, we exclude Oenfifopomzcs,which, although certainly allied to the Latin@,should, according to Dr. Gill, stand as a yep. arate family. The Lobotidm (Aobotc~)stand nearer, but having 110 teeth on vomer or palatines, they may be kept in a separate group. The Priacanthidm (Priacantlws and *Except,ing tho sub-family Latism. $ 329 330 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES FISH COMMISSION. Pseudopriacanthus) should certainly be omitted from the Serranid m, as should Apogon and its allies, among which are apparently the two aberrant Cuban genera, Liopropoma and Chorististium. We are not quite sure that Rypticus, Percichthys or even Morolte should be retaiued among the Serranidm, but we prefer for the preseiit to regard the three groups typified by these genera as sub-families of Serranidm, rather than to attempt to dc4ne them as distinct families. The Percidm (Perca, Stizostedion, Aspro, Etheostoma) stand near ..Yorone and Per- cichthys, but they are fairly well defined by the greatly increased number of vertebrre, a character associated with their fresh-water life and northern distribution. From all Serranidm they further ditf'er iu having two anal spines. Near also to the Serfa- nidm is the singular group of North American sun Bshes or C!entrarchidm. In these, however, the pseudo-branchia: are obsolete arid the general form of the body is notably ditl'erent. The American genera of Serranidm fall naturally into six groups, which we may call sub-families, although the relatioil of two of these groups (Xerraninm and Epi- nephelinre) is almost too close for such designation. These six groups, Brammistinm, Zpinepldinm, Serraninm, Anthiinm, Latin@,and Percichthyinm, are typified respectively by the genera Rypticus, Epinephslus, Scrranus, Anthias, Morone, and Percichthys. They are easily recognized, aud in most cases readily defined, riotwithstanding the bot that most European naturalists have confounded Epinepheltcs with rScrranu8, while some have placed in the gems Anthias not only genuine Serranham, but also tipecies of the Xparoid group of Lutjaninm. The American Grammistinm all belong to a single genus Rypticus, Brammistes having no American representatives. The recognized genera of Xpinephelinm are fairly well defined, and although most of them arc closely allied to each other, there is no evidence of any intergradation of such a char;icter as to efface our lines of generic division. The Serraninm are equally varied amoug themselves, but the lines of division are less sharply marked, and certain species form conuecting links between one genus and another. Authors have divided the group or sub-family into numerous genera, but these genera are not separated by strongly marked characters, and most of them might well be placed as sub-genera under Serranus. The species of Anthiinm are not numerous, but the generic differences in this group are more marked thari those separating the genera of the two groups just named. The representation of this group in our fauna is not exteusive enough to give us a clear idea of the mutual relations of the forms included in it. We unite under the sub family name of Latince (the more usual name LaOracinm not being available, as the name Labrax properly belongs to the genus Hexagrammus, of which name it is a later synonym) certain Serranidm, which show more marked re- semblances to the genus Perca. These are characterized in general by the divided dorsal, the villiform teeth, and by the absence of a supplementary bone to the max- illary. A majority of the species are Asiatic, and but few of these have been studied by us. Some of them (Onidon)are said to lack the pseudo-branchia, but this is prob- ably not true. Some of the Latinm (Lateolabrax)approach the Percidm iu the increased number (35) of the vertebrae, which are about 25 in most of the others, but they differ from the Percidce in this, at least, that none of the latter (Perca, Stizostedion, Etheostoma, Acerina, Aspro, etc.), have more than two @pitiesin the aual fin, while all the Latin@ REVIEW OF THE SERRANIDB. 331 have three. Most of the species of Latinm found in Europe and North America are closely related, and might well be referred to a single genus-Morone. Lutes and Euhlia are, however, quite unlike Morone, and perhaps should be placed in different groups. The sixth sub-family, Percichtii~ina.,is still closer to the Peroidm, agreeing with the perch in the general form of the liead and body, in the increased number (36) of the vertebrm, and in the armature ofthe head. The species have, however, tiwee anal spines, t.here 1s a large suppletnental maxillary, the scales are scarcely ctenoid, and the spinous dorsal is short. If a division is to be made betaeeu PercidB and &eSerranidce, certaiiily PerclchtJby8 should be placed in the latter family. Of the 119 species here admitted, tile followiug (32 in nnmber) have not been stud- ied by us: Rypticus uigrornnculatus. Epiuophelus ohrysotmuia. Odontanthias asperilingois. Rypticus arenotus. Derrnatolopis nngiistifrons. Odoutanthias tousor. Rypticua bicolor. Bodiams pauenruuuis. Bathgantbiau roseus. Polyprion oxygoneios. Bodinnus taniops. Dicun trarchus orientnlis. Hernilritjauus paytousis. Hypoploctrns gei~~ma. Dioeotrarchns punctatus. Alphostes pictuH. Hypoploctrm crocotns. Latus nilotica. Epinephelus aspornus. Diploctrum concoptione. Peroichthys lavis. Epiuepholus cauinns. Serrauus nnuularis. Percichthys melanops. Epiucplielw goroousis. Sorrtuas flavescous. Percilia gillissi. Epinophelus muotis. Sor rau us per uauu~. Percilia gracilis. Epinephelus alexandrianus. Sorrauus oastelriaui. dNA LYSIS OP SUBFA MILIES OP SEfiRANIDAE COMMONCHARAUTERS.-BO~~ oblong, more or less compressed, covered with adhereu t scales of moderate or small size, which are usually but not a1 ways ctenoid. Mouth moderate or large, not very oblique, the premaxillary protractile aud the broad maxillary not slipping for its whole length into the sheath formed by the preorbital, which is usually narrow. Teeth all conical or pointed, in bauds, present on jaws, vomer and palatines." U-ill-rakers long or short, usually stiff, armed with teeth. Gills 4, a long slit behind the fourth. Psendo-brauchia present, usually large. Lower pharyngeals rather narrow, separate, with pointed b66th. Gill-membranes separate, free from the isthmus. Branchiostegals ~ormaIly7 (occasionally 6). Oheeks and opercles always scaly ; Iweoperclc with its margin more or less serrate, the opercles usually ending in oiie or two flat spine.like points. Nostrils donble. Lateral line siugle, not extendiug on the caudal fin. Skull without cranial spines and usually without well-developed caveruous structure. No suborbital stay. Dorsal spines usu. ally stiff, 2 to 15 in number; soft dorsal with 10 to 20 rays. Anal flu rather short, its soft raya 7 to 12, ibs spines three (obsolete in one subfamily). Ventral8 thoracic, I, 6, normally developed. Pectorals well developed. Uaudal peduncle stout, the fin vari- ously formed. Vertebra usuillly about 10 + 15 (more in some of the Latin@and Per- cichtkyince; 16 + 19 in LateoZabru;o; 16 + 20 in Peroiohthy8). Air bladder present, usually s1na11, and adherent to tho walls of the abdomen. Stomach cacal, with few or many pyloric appendages j intestines short, as usual in carnivorous fishes. * Except in Peroitia, wliioli has bluut tooth, and nom on the palatines. 332 BULLETIN OF THE UNITED srxrEs FISH COMMISSION. a. Anal spines obsolete; dorsal spines 2 to 8; scales very small, smooth; teeth a11 villiform; max- illary with a supplemental bone; head scaly; lateral line normal ; gill-rakers rather few and short; caudal rounded; preopercle without augle or serrations, but with two or three spinous teeth above ._.-__ -. .___ __ __ __ -.__ __ .- - - .__. __ .. -. - .___ -.-. ~~RAMPIIBTINAC, I. aa. Anal spines 3; dorsal spiues 8 to 14.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Disease List for Aquaculture Health Certificate
    Quarantine Standard for Designated Species of Imported/Exported Aquatic Animals [Attached Table] 4. Listed Diseases & Quarantine Standard for Designated Species Listed disease designated species standard Common name Disease Pathogen 1. Epizootic haematopoietic Epizootic Perca fluviatilis Redfin perch necrosis(EHN) haematopoietic Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout necrosis virus(EHNV) Macquaria australasica Macquarie perch Bidyanus bidyanus Silver perch Gambusia affinis Mosquito fish Galaxias olidus Mountain galaxias Negative Maccullochella peelii Murray cod Salmo salar Atlantic salmon Ameirus melas Black bullhead Esox lucius Pike 2. Spring viraemia of Spring viraemia of Cyprinus carpio Common carp carp, (SVC) carp virus(SVCV) Grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella white amur Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Silver carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Bighead carp Carassius carassius Crucian carp Carassius auratus Goldfish Tinca tinca Tench Sheatfish, Silurus glanis European catfish, wels Negative Leuciscus idus Orfe Rutilus rutilus Roach Danio rerio Zebrafish Esox lucius Northern pike Poecilia reticulata Guppy Lepomis gibbosus Pumpkinseed Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout Abramis brama Freshwater bream Notemigonus cysoleucas Golden shiner 3.Viral haemorrhagic Viral haemorrhagic Oncorhynchus spp. Pacific salmon septicaemia(VHS) septicaemia Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout virus(VHSV) Gadus macrocephalus Pacific cod Aulorhynchus flavidus Tubesnout Cymatogaster aggregata Shiner perch Ammodytes hexapterus Pacific sandlance Merluccius productus Pacific
    [Show full text]
  • Striped Bass Morone Saxatilis
    COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Striped Bass Morone saxatilis in Canada Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence Population St. Lawrence Estuary Population Bay of Fundy Population SOUTHERN GULF OF ST. LAWRENCE POPULATION - THREATENED ST. LAWRENCE ESTUARY POPULATION - EXTIRPATED BAY OF FUNDY POPULATION - THREATENED 2004 COSEWIC COSEPAC COMMITTEE ON THE STATUS OF COMITÉ SUR LA SITUATION ENDANGERED WILDLIFE DES ESPÈCES EN PÉRIL IN CANADA AU CANADA COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC 2004. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Striped Bass Morone saxatilis in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vii + 43 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm) Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge Jean Robitaille for writing the status report on the Striped Bass Morone saxatilis prepared under contract with Environment Canada, overseen and edited by Claude Renaud the COSEWIC Freshwater Fish Species Specialist Subcommittee Co-chair. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: (819) 997-4991 / (819) 953-3215 Fax: (819) 994-3684 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Ếgalement disponible en français sous le titre Ếvaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur la situation de bar rayé (Morone saxatilis) au Canada. Cover illustration: Striped Bass — Drawing from Scott and Crossman, 1973. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2004 Catalogue No. CW69-14/421-2005E-PDF ISBN 0-662-39840-8 HTML: CW69-14/421-2005E-HTML 0-662-39841-6 Recycled paper COSEWIC Assessment Summary Assessment Summary – November 2004 Common name Striped Bass (Southern Gulf of St.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Book (PDF)
    e · ~ e t · aI ' A Field Guide to Grouper and Snapper Fishes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Family: SERRANIDAE, Subfamily: EPINEPHELINAE and Family: LUTJANIDAE) P. T. RAJAN Andaman & Nicobar Regional Station Zoological Survey of India Haddo, Port Blair - 744102 Edited by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata Zoological Survey of India Kolkata CITATION Rajan, P. T. 2001. Afield guide to Grouper and Snapper Fishes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. (Published - Director, Z.5.1.) Published : December, 2001 ISBN 81-85874-40-9 Front cover: Roving Coral Grouper (Plectropomus pessuliferus) Back cover : A School of Blue banded Snapper (Lutjanus lcasmira) © Government of India, 2001 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED • No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. • This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise disposed of without the publisher'S consent, in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published. • The correct price of this publication is the price printed on this page. Any revised price indicated by a rubber stamp or by a sticker or by any other means is incorrect and should be unacceptable. PRICE Indian Rs. 400.00 Foreign $ 25; £ 20 Published at the Publication Division by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, 234/4, AJe Bose Road, 2nd MSO Building, (13th Floor), Nizam Palace, Calcutta-700 020 after laser typesetting by Computech Graphics, Calcutta 700019 and printed at Power Printers, New Delhi - 110002.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence of Sexual Transition in Leopard Grouper (Mycteroperca Rosacea )
    Ovarian development of M. rosacea in captivity Hidrobiológica 2010, 20 (3): 213-221213 Evidence of sexual transition in Leopard Grouper (Mycteroperca rosacea) individuals held in captivity Evidencia de transición sexual en individuos de cabrilla sardinera (Mycteroperca rosacea) mantenidos en cautiverio Margarita Kiewek-Martínez, Vicente Gracia-López and Carmen Rodríguez-Jaramillo Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Mar Bermejo 195, Col. Playa Palo Sta. Rita, La Paz B.C.S. 23090, México e-mail: [email protected] Kiewek-Martínez, M., V. Gracia-López and C. Rodríguez-Jaramillo. 2010. Evidence of sexual transition in Leopard Grouper (Mycteroperca rosacea) individuals held in captivity. Hidrobiológica 20 (3): 213-221. ABSTRACT This study describes histological observations of the gonads of 12 captive leopard grouper, M. rosacea maintained in captivity. Monthly gonad samples during February to April 2003, were obtained by catheterization and analyzed to determine sex and degree of ovarian development. Oocytes were classified into 5 stages of development and the fre- quencies were obtained to describe the oocyte distribution in the ovary. Two fish that were females in February were in a bisexual stage in March and functional males in April. The transitional stage was observed during the reproductive season and included degeneration of primary oocytes and proliferation of spermatogonia. Key words: Gonad development, leopard grouper, captivity. RESUMEN Este estudio describe las observaciones histológicas del desarrollo gonadal de 12 individuos de la cabrilla sardinera, en condiciones de cautiverio. De febrero a abril del 2003 se obtuvieron muestras mensuales de la gónada mediante un catéter flexible, las cuales fueron analizadas para determinar el sexo del organismo y el estadio de desarrollo gonadal.
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Populations and Habitat Assessment on the Oculina Bank
    195 Abstract—A portion of the Oculina Assessment of fish populations and habitat Bank located off eastern Florida is a marine protected area (MPA) pre- on Oculina Bank, a deep-sea coral marine served for its dense populations of the ivory tree coral (Oculina varicosa), protected area off eastern Florida which provides important habitat for fish. Surveys of fish assemblages Stacey L. Harter (contact author)1 and benthic habitat were conducted 1 inside and outside the MPA in 2003 Marta M. Ribera and 2005 by using remotely operated Andrew N. Shepard2 vehicle video transects and digital 3 still imagery. Fish species composi- John K. Reed tion, biodiversity, and grouper densi- Email address for contact author: [email protected] ties were used to determine whether 1 National Marine Fisheries Service O. varicosa forms an essential habitat Southeast Fisheries Science Center compared to other structure-forming 3500 Delwood Beach Rd. habitats and to examine the effective- Panama City, Florida 32408 ness of the MPA. Multivariate analy- 2 NOAA Undersea Research Center ses indicated no differences in fish University of North Carolina at Wilmington assemblages or biodiversity among 5600 Marvin Moss Lane hardbottom habitat types and grou- Wilmington, North Carolina 28409 per densities were highest among the most complex habitats; however the 3 Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute higher densities were not exclusive to Florida Atlantic University coral habitat. Therefore, we conclude 5600 U.S. 1 North that O. varicosa was functionally Ft. Pierce, Florida 34946 equivalent to other hardbottom habi- tats. Even though fish assemblages were not different among manage- ment areas, biodiversity and grouper densities were higher inside the MPA compared to outside.
    [Show full text]
  • PP-4. Monitoring of Fish Supply to Resorts and Setting up of an Ecolabel Certification
    PP-4. Monitoring of Fish Supply to Resorts and Setting up of an Ecolabel Certification 1) Report on Survey on Reef Fish Landings to Tourist Resorts 2) Guidelines on Best Fishing and Fish Handling Practices 3) Overview of reef fish sampling in K. Dhiffushi – Nov-Dec 2016 REPORT ON SURVEY ON REEF FISH LANDINGS TO TOURIST RESORTS May 2016 Muawin YOOSUF, Ministry of Fisheries and Agriculture with the technical assistance of Bernard ADRIEN, MASPLAN This survey was carried out as part of a Pilot Project under the Project for the Formulation of Master Plan for Sustainable Fisheries (MASPLAN), a technical cooperation project of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). All pictures taken by Bernard Adrien. REPORT ON SURVEY ON REEF FISH LANDINGS TO RESORTS – MAY 2016 1 Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................3 2 METHOD ..............................................................................................................................................4 3 RESULTS & ANALYSIS .....................................................................................................................5 3.1 Estimates on reef fish production ..................................................................................................5 Estimate of Annual Reef Fish Landings to Resorts from the present survey ................................5 Comparison on Annual Reef Fish Landings to Resorts with previous surveys ............................5
    [Show full text]
  • Fish Assemblages Associated with Red Grouper Pits at Pulley Ridge, A
    419 Abstract—Red grouper (Epineph- elus morio) modify their habitat by Fish assemblages associated with red grouper excavating sediment to expose rocky pits, providing structurally complex pits at Pulley Ridge, a mesophotic reef in the habitat for many fish species. Sur- Gulf of Mexico veys conducted with remotely op- erated vehicles from 2012 through 2015 were used to characterize fish Stacey L. Harter (contact author)1 assemblages associated with grouper Heather Moe1 pits at Pulley Ridge, a mesophotic 2 coral ecosystem and habitat area John K. Reed of particular concern in the Gulf Andrew W. David1 of Mexico, and to examine whether invasive species of lionfish (Pterois Email address for contact author: [email protected] spp.) have had an effect on these as- semblages. Overall, 208 grouper pits 1 Southeast Fisheries Science Center were examined, and 66 fish species National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA were associated with them. Fish as- 3500 Delwood Beach Road semblages were compared by using Panama City, Florida 32408 several factors but were considered 2 Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute to be significantly different only on Florida Atlantic University the basis of the presence or absence 5600 U.S. 1 North of predator species in their pit (no Fort Pierce, Florida 34946 predators, lionfish only, red grou- per only, or both lionfish and red grouper). The data do not indicate a negative effect from lionfish. Abun- dances of most species were higher in grouper pits that had lionfish, and species diversity was higher in grouper pits with a predator (lion- The red grouper (Epinephelus morio) waters (>70 m) of the shelf edge and fish, red grouper, or both).
    [Show full text]
  • FAU Institutional Repository
    FAU Institutional Repository http://purl.fcla.edu/fau/fauir This paper was submitted by the faculty of FAU’s Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute. Notice: ©1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This manuscript is an author version with the final publication available at http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/ and may be cited as: Tucker, J. W., Jr. (1994). Spawning by captive serranid fishes: a review. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 25(3), 345‐ 359. doi:10.1111/j.1749‐7345.1994.tb00218.x JOURNAL OF THE Vol. 25, No.3 WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY September, 1994 Spawning by Captive Serranid Fishes: A Review JOHN W. TUCKER, JR. Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution. 5600 North U.S. Highway 1. Fort Pierce. Florida 34946 USA Abstract The current available information on spawning by serranid fishes in captivity is reviewed. Much work has been done on members of thefamily Serranidae becauseof their value as food or ornamental fish. At least 31 species have been induced to ovulate with honnones, and at least 23 species have spawned voluntarily (without chemical treatment) in captivity. Typically, a serranid female with fully-yolked oocytes will ovulate within 24-72 h (usually 36-50 h) after the first of 1-3 injectious of 500-1,000 IU human chorionic gonadotropin/kg body weight. Similar results have been obtained for several species given 1-3 injections of 10-50 Ilg luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogi kg body weight. Voluntary spawning has occurred mostly with well-fed uncrowded fish during the natural spawning season under conditions of ambient temperature and partial or total natural light.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of the Epinephelinae (Teleostei: Serranidae)
    BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 52(1): 240-283, 1993 PHYLOGENY OF THE EPINEPHELINAE (TELEOSTEI: SERRANIDAE) Carole C. Baldwin and G. David Johnson ABSTRACT Relationships among epinepheline genera are investigated based on cladistic analysis of larval and adult morphology. Five monophyletic tribes are delineated, and relationships among tribes and among genera of the tribe Grammistini are hypothesized. Generic com- position of tribes differs from Johnson's (1983) classification only in the allocation of Je- boehlkia to the tribe Grammistini rather than the Liopropomini. Despite the presence of the skin toxin grammistin in the Diploprionini and Grammistini, we consider the latter to be the sister group of the Liopropomini. This hypothesis is based, in part, on previously un- recognized larval features. Larval morphology also provides evidence of monophyly of the subfamily Epinephelinae, the clade comprising all epinepheline tribes except Niphonini, and the tribe Grammistini. Larval features provide the only evidence of a monophyletic Epine- phelini and a monophyletic clade comprising the Diploprionini, Liopropomini and Gram- mistini; identification of larvae of more epinephelines is needed to test those hypotheses. Within the tribe Grammistini, we propose that Jeboehlkia gladifer is the sister group of a natural assemblage comprising the former pseudogrammid genera (Aporops, Pseudogramma and Suttonia). The "soapfishes" (Grammistes, Grammistops, Pogonoperca and Rypticus) are not monophyletic, but form a series of sequential sister groups to Jeboehlkia, Aporops, Pseu- dogramma and Suttonia (the closest of these being Grammistops, followed by Rypticus, then Grammistes plus Pogonoperca). The absence in adult Jeboehlkia of several derived features shared by Grammistops, Aporops, Pseudogramma and Suttonia is incongruous with our hypothesis but may be attributable to paedomorphosis.
    [Show full text]
  • Zootaxa, Marine Fish Diversity: History of Knowledge and Discovery
    Zootaxa 2525: 19–50 (2010) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2010 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Marine fish diversity: history of knowledge and discovery (Pisces) WILLIAM N. ESCHMEYER1, 5, RONALD FRICKE2, JON D. FONG3 & DENNIS A. POLACK4 1Curator emeritus, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, U.S.A. 94118 and Research Associate, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A. 32611. E-mail: [email protected] 2Ichthyology, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 3California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, U.S.A. 94118. E-mail: [email protected] 4P.O. Box 518, Halfway House 1685, South Africa. E-mail: [email protected] 5Corresponding Author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The increase in knowledge of marine fish biodiversity over the last 250 years is assessed. The Catalog of Fishes database (http://research.calacademy.org/ichthyology/catalog) on which this study is based, has been maintained for 25 years and includes information on more than 50,000 available species names of fishes, with more than 31,000 of them currently regarded as valid species. New marine species are being described at a rate of about 100–150 per year, with freshwater numbers slightly higher. In addition, over 10,000 generic names are available ones of which 3,118 are deemed valid for marine fishes (as of Feb. 19, 2010). This report concentrates on fishes with at least some stage of their life cycle in the sea. The number of valid marine species, about 16,764 (Feb.
    [Show full text]
  • Xchel G. MORENO-SÁNCHEZ1, Pilar PEREZ-ROJO1, Marina S
    ACTA ICHTHYOLOGICA ET PISCATORIA (2019) 49 (1): 9–22 DOI: 10.3750/AIEP/02321 FEEDING HABITS OF THE LEOPARD GROUPER, MYCTEROPERCA ROSACEA (ACTINOPTERYGII: PERCIFORMES: EPINEPHELIDAE), IN THE CENTRAL GULF OF CALIFORNIA, BCS, MEXICO Xchel G. MORENO-SÁNCHEZ1, Pilar PEREZ-ROJO1, Marina S. IRIGOYEN-ARREDONDO1, Emigdio MARIN- ENRÍQUEZ2, Leonardo A. ABITIA-CÁRDENAS1*, and Ofelia ESCOBAR-SANCHEZ2 1Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN), Departamento de Pesquerías y Biología Marina La Paz, BCS, Mexico 2CONACYT-Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa-Facultad de Ciencias del Mar (CONACYT UAS-FACIMAR) Mazatlán, SIN, Mexico Moreno-Sánchez X.G., Perez-Rojo P., Irigoyen-Arredondo M.S., Marin- Enríquez E., Abitia-Cárdenas L.A., Escobar-Sanchez O. 2019. Feeding habits of the leopard grouper, Mycteroperca rosacea (Actinopterygii: Perciformes: Epinephelidae), in the central Gulf of California, BCS, Mexico. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 49 (1): 9–22. Background. The leopard grouper, Mycteroperca rosacea (Streets, 1877), is endemic to north-western Mexico and has high commercial value. Although facts of its basic biology are known, information on its trophic ecology, in particular, is scarce. The objective of the presently reported study was to characterize the feeding habits of M. rosacea through the analysis of stomach contents, and to determine possible variations linked to sex (male or female), size (small, medium, or large), or season (spring, summer, autumn, or winter), in order to understand the trophic role that this species plays in the ecosystem where it is found. Materials and methods. Fish were captured monthly, from March 2014 to May 2015 by spearfishing in Santa Rosalía, BCS, Mexico. Percentages by the number, by weight, and frequency of appearance of each food category, the index of relative importance (%IRI), and prey-specific index of relative importance (%PSIRI) were used to determine the importance of each prey item in the leopard grouper diet.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Fishers' Anecdotes, Naturalists' Observations and Grey
    F I S H and F I S H E R I E S , 2005, 6, 121–133 Using fishers’ anecdotes, naturalists’ observations and grey literature to reassess marine species at risk: the case of the Gulf grouper in the Gulf of California, Mexico Andrea Sa´enz–Arroyo1,2, Callum M. Roberts2, Jorge Torre1 & Micheline Carin˜o-Olvera3 1Comunidad y Biodiversidad A.C., Bahı´a de Bacochibampo, S/N Colonia Lomas de Corte´s, Guaymas, 85450 Sonora, Me´xico; 2Environment Department, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK; 3Universidad Auto´noma de Baja California Sur, A´ rea Interdisciplinaria de Ciencias Sociales, Apartado Postal 19 -B, La Paz, 23080 Baja California Sur, Me´xico Abstract Correspondence: Designing fishing policies without knowledge of past levels of target species Andrea Sa´enz– Arroyo, Comunidad y abundance is a dangerous omission for fisheries management. However, as fisheries Biodiversidad A.C., monitoring started long after exploitation of many species began, this is a difficult Bahı´a de Bacochib- issue to address. Here we show how the ‘shifting baseline’ syndrome can affect the ampo, S/N Colonia stock assessment of a vulnerable species by masking real population trends and Lomas de Corte´s, thereby put marine animals at serious risk. Current fishery data suggest that landings Guaymas, 85450 Sonora, Me´xico of the large Gulf grouper (Mycteroperca jordani, Serranidae) are increasing in the Gulf Tel.: +52622-2212670 of California. However, reviews of historical evidence, naturalists’ observations and a Fax: +52622-2212671 systematic documentation of fishers’ perceptions of trends in the abundance of this E-mail: asaenz@ species indicate that it has dramatically declined.
    [Show full text]