CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study People
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study People live in the world in various cultures. They live in different co mmunity and background. They are different, and they often have problems in their live. Life becomes more complex as more problems appear. They are having the same opportunity to get their property, prosperity and happiness. They must work hard and struggle to get such things. According to Meizeir (http: // www. self growth. com/ article/ Meizeir. html) “Struggle is any personal goal achievement accompanied by discomfort and resistance. Struggle may still certainly involve overcoming resistance and discomfort”. Struggle is identical wit h hero and it is a symbol of freedom of a nation to fight against the colonialism. It has a general meaning as a way to get the best result and something worth. People will do everything to get it. This occurs in many kinds of field, one of them in literary works. Literature is an artwork while has idea of struggle elements such as novel, poetry, and film. Film has the same position in textual studies. It is true that film has become part of daily life, which is more complicated than the other works. Making a film is not like writing a novel. It needs a teamwork, which involves many people as crew. Film has many elements, such as director, script, writer, editor, music composer, artistic , costume, designer, etc. 2 Beside that, it also needs some technique including cinematography, editing, and sound. There are many aspects of literature that describe our daily life and our surrounding such as struggle, effort, etc. The more struggle, the more result that can be enjoyed. On the other hand, human aim occurs as subjective; it means it exists inside of the personality as on ideal or wish that can influence the individual’s behavior. From these people have secret plans that occur in their unconscious mind and they will struggle too many interferes although what they believe is just their imagination. The writer intends to conduct a study on psychological aspect of the main character in Cast Away. This film directed by Robert Zemeckis. Robert Zemeckis’s was born on May 14, 1952 in Chicago . He is an academy award winning American movie director, producer, and writer. Zemeckis’s works concern especially with psychological aspect such as struggle for life. In the Cast away Zemeckis’s clearly describes the struggle for life, which has done by the major character Chuck Nolan. There are many films directed by Robert Zemeckis who had composed many films besides Cast away such as: Back to the Future Part II (1989), Back to the Future Part III (1990), Death Becomes Her (1992), Ghost Ship (2002), Thirteen Ghosts (2001), Gothika (2003), House of Wax (2005), Monster House (2006), Be Owulf (2007). The plot in Cast Away is adapted based on the Daniel Defoe’s novel Robinson Crusoe. Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe over the centuries becomes one of the most mythologized characters of western literature. In the most recent adaptation of this novel, the film Cast Away (directed by Robert Zemeckis) 3 Defoe’s treatment of Crusoe’s spiritua l awakening has been highlights. Post modern man as represented by efficiency expert Chuck Noland faces with a search for meaning similar to that which Defoe’s “economic man” embarks upon when isolated from humanity 300 years earlier. This research examines the way Cast Away deals with the present paradox of faith in divine plan and belief in individualism and the free will. Cast Away is a 2000 film by 20th century fox and dream works, directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by William Broyles Jr. Zemeckis’s performs Tom Hank as the Chuck Noland as the main character. This film is about FedEx employee who is a voluble, time- obsessed efficiency expert for Federal Express. Shortly before boarding, the FedEx plane goes disastrously wrong crashing into the South Pacific Ocean. He and his girlfriend Kelly exchange gifts: Chuck gives her a number of joke and a ring and Kelly gives him a family heirloom timepiece holding a photo of her. Marooned with only the timepiece to remind him of home, Chuck finds himself facing only one deadline, the race to survive in the face of starvation dehydration and natural disaster. Cast Away is everything this year is other man-against-nature blockbuster, “the perfect storm,” was not. The curlier film huffed and puffed to evoke a similarly elemental struggle in the traditional Hollywood ways. With strenuously grandiose music and oversize, patently unrealistic co mputer generated special effects. Cast Away also has its quotient of technological 4 trickery, but one of the movie’s wonders is that everything looks and feels so remarkably real. In addition, it never pushes us too hard. In this research, the researcher will analyze the struggle of life on the major character in Robert Zemeckis’s Cast Away film. This study will be analyzing by using Alfred Alder’s Individual Psychological Theory. So that, the researcher decides STRUGGLE FOR LIFE IN ROBERT ZEMECKIS’S CAST AWAY: AN INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH as the title of this study. B. Literary Review. There is a study conducted by other writers on Cast Away. After doing observation in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta (UMS), the writer found that the film had been analyzed by Retnosari, (2002); DEFENSE MECHANISM OF MAJOR CHARACTER IN CAST AWAY: PSYCHOANALITIC APPROACH. In this research, the writer uses the similar research, but using different approach focusing on how Robert Zemeckis reflects struggle fo r life of major character in Cast Away film by us ing an individual psychological approach. C. Problem Statement Based on the research background above, the problem of the study is how the struggle for life of the major character is reflected in Cast Away. 5 D. Limitation of the Study The limitation of the study is the struggle for life of Chuck Noland in Robert Zemeckis’s Cast Away viewed by individual psychological approach by Alfred Adler’s theory. E. Objectives of the Study There are two objectives of the study in the research, they are: 1. To analyze the structural element in Cast Away movie. 2. To analyze the struggle of life on the major character based on the individual psychological approach. F. Benefit of the Study By presenting this research paper, the writers hopes that it will give some benefit as follows: 1. Theoritical Benefit a. To give some information which can be used by the researcher who are interested in analyzing this literary work. b. To give a contribution to other literary research especially in the study of Robert Zemeckis’s literary work. 2. Practical Benefit a. Getting deeper understanding about individual psychological in Robert Zemeckis’s. b. Getting bachelor degree of educatio n in English Departmen 6 G. Research Method 1. Type of the Research This research belongs to qualitative method with the descrip tive technique; it focuses on analyzing of the character of Chuck Nolan 2. Object of the Research The object of this research is Robert Zemeckis’s Cast Away film. 3. Type of the Data and the Data Source In this research, the writer uses two data source that are primary and secondary data source. a. Primary Data Source The primary data is the Cast Away film by Robert Zemeckis and it is taken from dialogue, attitude and all of the statement in the text of the film which relevant with the research. b. Secondary Data Source The secondary data are taken from other sources, relating to the primary data that support the analysis such as some books of philosophy and website. 4. Technique of the Data Collection The method of data collection in this study is library research. The present writer collects the data, and then records the evidences from the primary and secondary data. In collecting data, the writer takes some procedures as follows: 7 a. Watching the work many times until the writer gets adequate information or data analyze. b. Reading some related books to get the theory, supporting data, and information that will help in the process of the study. c. Writing the primary and secondary data that is going to be analyzes d. Classifying the data into groups, according to the categories of elements of literary study. 5. Technique of the Data Analysis In this research the technique that is used to analyze the data is descriptive analysis, in which the researcher identifies struggle for life on the character of Chuck Noland in Robert Zemeckis’s Cast Away using Individual Psychological perspective. H. Paper Organization This research paper consists of five chapters. Chapter I is the introduction, covering the background of the study, literature review, the problem statement, limitation of the study, the objective of the study, the benefit of the study, research method, and research paper organization. Chapter II is underlying theory it is the theory of Adler’s individual psychological that will be applied in conducting this research. Chapter III deals with the structural analysis, which includes character and characterizations, setting, plot, and theme. Chapter IV deals with the psychological analysis of the major character in cast away. Chapter V is the conclusion and suggestion of the research. .