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Four Cultivars of Iochroma 14-Mm-Wide, 10-Lobed Limb

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Four Cultivars of Iochroma 14-Mm-Wide, 10-Lobed Limb CULTIVAR & GERMPLASM RELEASES HORTSCIENCE 39(1):194–197. 2004. cm long measured from the base of the calyx, 4.0 to 4.5 mm wide at the base of the corolla, widening in the apical 8 to 10 mm to a 12- to Four Cultivars of Iochroma 14-mm-wide, 10-lobed limb. Alternate lobes Alan W. Meerow are keeled on their interior surface. When the fl owers fi rst open, they are RHS violet-blue USDA–ARS–SHRS, National Germplasm Repository, 13601 Old Cutler Road, 93A; at anthesis they lighten to 90C. Miami, FL 33158 Iochroma cyaneum ‘Sky Kingʼ (Fig. 3) has petioles 1.0 to 2.0 cm long, and leaf Rick J. Schoellhorn blades 4.5 to 6.0 cm long, 3.0 to 3.6 cm wide. University of Florida, Department of Environmental Horticulture, 1545 Fifi eld Pedicels are 20 to 23 mm long. The calyx is Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 9 to 10 mm long. The fl owers are 4.5 to 4.8 cm long measured from the base of the calyx, Michael Kartuz 4.0 to 5.0 mm wide at the base of the corolla, Kartuz Greenhouses, 1408 Sunset Drive, Vista, CA 92085-0790 widening in the apical 8 to 10 mm to a 10- to 12-mm-wide, 10-lobed limb. Alternate lobes Additional index words. Solanaceae, tropical shrubs, potted plants, ornamentals, landscape, are keeled on the interior surface. When the fl oriculture, AFLP fl owers fi rst open, they are RHS violet 88C; at anthesis they lighten to 88D. Iochroma Benth. (Solanaceae) is a South Description Iochroma ‘Wine Redʼ (Fig. 4) has not yet American genus of some 20 species of shrubs been identifi ed as to species, and DNA ampli- and trees (Huxley et al., 1992). Iochroma cya- A general description of the species is fi ed fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) neum (Lindl.) M.L. Green is a soft-stemmed, given below, followed by the distinguishing profi les (see below) suggest that it is a taxon shrubby Ecuadorean endemic generally characteristics of the four cultivars. Color de- other than I. cyaneum. ‘Wine Redʼ has hairier found between 1800 and 2500 m elevation. scriptions are based on the RHS Color Chart young stems than the previous three cultivars, The species is described typically as having (Royal Horticultural Society, 1998). petioles 9.0 to 16 mm long, and leaf blades 8.0 dark blue fl owers. It is used occasionally as Iochroma cyaneum is a soft-stemmed, to 13.0 cm long, 3.8 to 5.0 cm wide. Pedicels an ornamental shrub in the United Kingdom, brittle-wooded, well-branched shrub reach- are 11 to 17 mm long. The calyx is 7 to 8 southern Europe, Australia, and California. In ing 1.2 to 1.5 m in height. The terete stems mm long. The fl owers are 4.0 to 5.0 cm long this paper, we announce the formal recognition are green (RHS 144A) and softly pubescent, measured from the base of the calyx, 4.0 to and release of three distinct color forms of this 5.0- to 8.0-mm diameter when young, eventu- 4.5 mm wide at the base of the tube, widening species, and a third unidentifi ed Iochroma, all ally becoming RHS grayed-green 196A and in the apical 8 to 10 mm to a 7.5- to 8.5-mm- of which have shown remarkable heat tolerance up to 1-cm diameter. Leaves are petiolate, wide, 5- (to 7-) lobed limb. The limb is keeled in south Florida, given their native range in exstipulate, simple, alternate, undulate at between the lobes on interior surface. When elevation. We believe that these fast-growing the margin, ovate-elliptic, RHS green 143A, the fl owers fi rst open, they are RHS red-purple cultivars have great potential for use as land- softly pubescent, apically acute, attenuate at the 61B, fading to 64D. scape shrubs in USDA Hardiness Zones 9B–11 base, and with the veins impressed on the upper ‘Royal Blueʼ has a longer calyx than does (USDA, 1990), root-hardy perennials in Zones surface. Infl orescences are axillary umbels on any of the other cultivars. ‘Wine Redʼ may 8B–9A, and as annuals and/or fl owering pot new wood, fi ve to 20 fl owered. Flowers are be distinguished from the three cultivars of I. plants in all zones. pedicellate, pendulous, pentamerous; the sepals cyaneum not only by fl ower color, but also by connate for most of their length, split apically its larger leaves, pilose young stems, and 5- (to Origin into fi ve acute lobes. The corolla is tubular, the 7-) lobed limb. To date, there is no published petals fused throughout most of their length, treatment of Iochroma that would allow easy Iochroma cyaneum ‘Indigoʼ, ‘Royal Blueʼ, slightly constricted at the throat, fl aring to a identifi cation of an unknown species. The ‘Sky Kingʼ, and ‘Wine Redʼ were obtained by 10-lobed limb at their apex. The corolla tube fi rst author has seen I. cyaneum in habitat in the third author before 1993 as unnamed collec- is ribbed. The fi ve stamens are attached to the Ecuador on multiple occasions, and the fi rst tions of I. cyaneum, and have been grown and corolla, biseriate in length, and do not exceed three cultivars described in this paper are sold by his mail-order nursery for several years. the limb. The style just exceeds the stamens in readily assignable to that species. Iochroma All are believed to have originated in Ecuador length; the stigma is minutely capitate, RHS cyaneum does vary in fl ower color, and other and were received from various collectors over green 139A, and less than 1 mm wide. The cultivars have been described in the species, the years (no further detailed provenance is ovary is superior. The fruit is a globose berry, e.g., ‘Albaʼ, ‘Apricot Belleʼ, and ‘Woodcote available). The fi rst author obtained rooted enclosed by the calyx, with numerous small Whiteʼ (Ellison, 1995; the latter mislabeled as cuttings of each cultivar from Kartuz Green- seeds surrounded by pulp. Seed set has not a cultivar of I. grandifl ora). The I. grandifl ora houses in 1999 and began 3 years of evaluation. been observed to date in Florida. pictured by Ellison (1995) appears similar to All four have shown a surprising amount of Iochroma cyaneum ‘Indigoʼ (Fig. 1) has ‘Wine Redʼ, but is defi nitely not I. grandifl ora, heat tolerance in Miami, given the altitudinal petioles 1.0 to 1.5 cm long and leaf blades 5.5 a high-elevation scrambling shrub with very distribution of this species in the Andes. They to 6.8 cm long, 3.6 to 4.2 cm wide. Pedicels large blue fl owers (Shaw, 1998; personal are propagated readily, very fast-growing, and are 12 to 17 mm long. The calyx is 7.5 to 10 observation). virtually ever-blooming. We believe that, given mm long. The fl owers are 3.8 to 4.4 cm long their ease of propagation, rapid production rate, measured from the base of the calyx, 3.5 to 4.0 Molecular characterization using AFLPs and ever-blooming phenology, all four have mm wide at the base of corolla, widening in potential to be mass-marketed for seasonal the apical 8 to 10 mm to a 12- to 14-mm-wide, DNA extraction. DNA was extracted from color in USDA Hardiness Zones beyond their 10-lobed limb. Alternate lobes are keeled on all four cultivars using the Dellaporta (1983) expected low temperature tolerance. their interior surface. When the fl owers fi rst method from 2.0 mg of fresh leaf samples. After open, they are RHS purple 79A; at anthesis drying, the DNA was resuspended in 30 µL TE, Received for publication 6 Dec. 2002. Accepted for they lighten to 78A to B. pH 7.4. DNA concentration was evaluated by publication 5 Mar. 2003. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute Iochroma cyaneum ‘Royal Blueʼ (Fig. gel visualization. Duplicate extractions were a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U.S. 2) has petioles 1.0 to 1.5 cm long, and leaf performed for each accession. Dept. of Agriculture and does not imply its approval blades 5.0 to 10 cm long, 3.5 to 4.5 cm wide. Amplifi ed fragment length polymorphisms to the exclusion of other products or vendors that Pedicels are 15 to 25 mm long. The calyx is of total DNA from the four cultivars were as- may be suitable. 12 to 14 mm long. The fl owers are 4.5 to 4.8 sayed using fl uorescent dye-labeling and 194 HORTSCIENCE, VOL. 39(1), FEBRUARY 2004 48-7577, p194-197 194 2/18/04, 12:02:26 PM Fig. 1. Iochroma cyaneum ‘Indigoʼ. Fig. 3. Iochroma cyaneum ‘Sky Kingʼ. Fig. 2. Iochroma cyaneum ‘Royal Blueʼ. Fig. 4. Iochroma ‘Wine Redʼ. HORTSCIENCE, VOL. 39(1), FEBRUARY 2004 195 48-7577, p194-197 195 2/18/04, 12:02:29 PM.
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