DOCSLIB.ORG

Green Things and Pollinator Wings: Symposium Explores Pollination Biology by Gary A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Green Things and Pollinator Wings: Symposium Explores Pollination Biology by Gary A Special Symposium Issue continues on page 14 Department of Botany & the U.S. National Herbarium The Plant Press New Series - Vol. 19 - No. 3 July-September 2016 Botany Profile Green Things and Pollinator Wings: Symposium Explores Pollination Biology By Gary A. Krupnick ollination biology was the focus Professor of Biology from the University plant diversity. of the 14th Smithsonian Botanical of Massachusetts, was commended for his Droege said that while there are few PSymposium, held 20 May 2016 at extensive contributions to tropical biology, plant species that are pollinator special- the National Museum of Natural History international conservation, and pollina- ists, there are many bee species that are (NMNH) and the United States Botanic tion biology. In his acceptance speech pollen specialists. Specialist bee larvae Garden (USBG) in Washington, DC. Bawa expressed often fail Titled, “Bats, Bees, Birds, Butterflies his appreciation to thrive on and Bouquets: New Research in Pol- and gratitude to the pollen of lination Biology,” the meeting featured the Smithsonian other plants seven invited speakers, a poster session, Institution and and are often and an evening reception. The confer- the selection restricted to ence brought together over 340 biolo- committee. He was delighted to see so target plant blooming periods. Popula- gists, ecologists, government officials, many friends and colleagues and gave tion sizes tend to be low for special- horticulturalists, and master gardeners to thanks to all who have inspired him. ists which might lead to conservation celebrate the progress of pollination biol- Both Laurence Dorr and Seán Brady concerns. Droege’s mid-Atlantic bee ogy and to address issues of pollinator (Curator of Bees, NMNH) served as collection shows about 20 percent as loss and conservation. conveners. pollen specialists, with the most com- The Symposium began with opening mon being Andrena erigeniae (a Spring remarks by Maureen Kearney (Associate he first speaker was Sam Droege Beauty specialist), Ptilothrix bombi- Director for Science, NMNH) and Lau- (USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research formis (Hibiscus/Mallow specialist), and rence Dorr (Chair of Botany, NMNH). TCenter) who spoke about “Patterns Andrena violae (Violet specialist). The Kearney praised the partnership between in pollen and plant specialization among plant families with the most special- NMNH and USBG, and mentioned how native bees in eastern North America.” ists include Asteraceae, Ericaceae, and the symposium adds to the intellectual Droege’s macro photographs of bee Salicaceae. Specialist bees tend to be environment of the museum which often portraits from his online reference catalog the most vulnerable due to habitat loss, exercises an interdisciplinary research provided the backdrop for his talk about fragmentation, invasive species, and her- approach with a deep organismal focus in pollination from the bee’s point of view. bicide usage. Non-native plant species systematics, ecology, evolutionary biol- First he spoke about the high diversity of mostly favor generalist bee species, and ogy, and behavior. bee species in the United States – about thus Droege encourages the fostering of After the opening remarks, Ken- 4,000 species. He pointed out that there native habitat. neth Wurdack (Curator and Cuatrecasas are nearly as many bee species in Prince David Roubik (Smithsonian Tropical Committee Chair, NMNH) presented the George’s County, Maryland (249 species) Research Institute) next asked the ques- 14th José Cuatrecasas Medal in Tropical as there are in the United Kingdom (250 tion, “Whose bees are these? The pollen Botany to Kamaljit S. Bawa (see related species). He explained that 250 million taxonomy of bee nests and its story in story on page 14). This prestigious award years of evolution has led to complex recent decades.” Roubik explained that is presented annually to a scholar who and varied floral bee designs, nutritious pollen grains are nearly indestructible, has contributed significantly to advanc- pollen, complex secondary compounds, taxonomically informative, and open to and complex bee communities that reflect ing the field of tropical botany. Bawa, a Continued on page 17 Travel Vicki Funk traveled to Berlin, W. John Kress traveled to Costa Rica Jun Wen traveled throughout east- Germany (6/16 – 6/26) to be a plenary (6/9 – 6/16) to chair the Las Cruces Advi- ern China (6/23 – 7/22) to conduct field speaker at the Global Genome Biodiver- sory Committee meeting of the Organiza- research. sity Network conference, and to present tion for Tropical Studies. Kenneth Wurdack traveled to a workshop on Global Genome Initiative Gary Krupnick traveled to St. Louis, Wicomico County, Maryland (6/2) to (GGI) - Gardens (co-presented by Mor- Missouri (6/27 – 6/30) to present a talk collect Litsea aestivalis (Lauraceae) with gan Gostel). entitled “#EarthOptimism: Success Sto- Wesley Knapp (Maryland Department of Erika Gardner, Carol Kelloff, ries in Plant Conservation” and a poster Natural Resources) at Wetipquin Pond Melinda Peters, and Meghann Toner entitled “A Continental Approach to Preserve. traveled to Berlin, Germany (6/19 – 6/27) Orchid Conservation and Restoration” at Elizabeth Zimmer traveled to Austin, to attend the annual meeting of the Society the Global Partnership for Plant Conserva- Texas (6/17 – 6/22) to present a talk for the Preservation of Natural History tion conference at the Missouri Botanical entitled “DNA sequences identify cryptic Collections, where Gardner and Toner Garden. species of quillworts (Isoetes L.)” at the each presented a talk and Peters presented Sylvia Orli traveled to Amsterdam, Evolution 2016 meeting, and to attend a poster. Netherlands (4/30 – 5/5) with the Smithso- an editorial board meeting of Molecular Carol Kelloff and Mark Strong nian Digitization Program Office to meet Phylogenetics and Evolution as Deputy traveled to Zuni, Virginia (5/21 – 5/27) with Picturae and Naturalis to discuss the Editor-in-Chief. to collect rare plants in the Longleaf Pine specimen digitization project. communities for the Global Genome Ini- tiative (GGI) project. Nancy Khan traveled to Front Royal, Visitors Virginia (5/11 – 5/12) to attend a session of the Emerging Leaders Development Monica Carlsen, Missouri Botanical Gar- Yaling Wang, Xi’an Botanical Garden, Program at the Smithsonian Conservation den; Araceae and Zingiberales (2/17/15 China, and Shouzhou Zhang, Fairy Lake Biology Institute (SCBI). - 2/16/17). Botanical Garden, China; Global Genome Initiative Gardens Program partnership Gouri Mahadwar, University of Roch- The Plant Press meeting, Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) (4/12 ester; Legume phylogenetics internship - 4/14). New Series - Vol. 19 - No. 3 (9/1/15 - 8/11/16). Daniel Geiger, Santa Barbara Museum of Chair of Botany Morgan Gostel, George Mason Uni- Natural History; Oberonia (Orchidaceae) Laurence J. Dorr versity; Compositae and GGI-Gardens (4/15 - 4/19). ([email protected]) Program (9/1/15 - 8/31/17). Marcelo Devecchi, Universidade de São EDITORIAL STAFF George Wang, University of Louisiana at Paulo, Brazil; Simaba (Simaroubaceae) Lafayette; Plant-insect interactions (1/7 - (4/21 - 4/22) Editor 5/31). Gary Krupnick Lucas Jordao, Jardim Botanico de Rio de ([email protected]) Tomas Fer, Charles University, Czech Janeiro, Brazil; Mimosa (Fabaceae) (4/21 Republic; Zingiberales (2/1 - 6/3). Copy Editors – 4/22). Robin Everly, Bernadette Gibbons, and Joel Cohen, Rockville, Maryland; Plant Rose Gulledge Zvezdana Ukropina-Crawford, Berry DNA barcode internship (3/28 - 4/1). College; Crataegus (Rosaceae) (4/22). News Contacts Cassandra Quave, Emory University; Michele Conrad and 25 students, Mans- MaryAnn Apicelli, Rusty Russell, Alice Mediterranean ethnobotany (4/1). Tangerini, and Elizabeth Zimmer field University; Herbarium tour (4/23). Holly Summers, Cornell University; The Plant Press is a quarterly publication pro- Kate Wagle, University of Oregon; vided free of charge. To receive notification of Oenothera (Onagraceae) (4/5) when new pdf issues are posted to the web, please Botanical Art Collection (4/25 - 4/29). subscribe to the listserve by sending a message Chris Holder and Elizabeth Striano, to [email protected] containing only the Tom Lovejoy and 9 students, George following in the body of the text: SUBSCRIBE George Mason University, and Nancy Mason University; Plant conservation and PLANTPRESS-NEWS Firstname Lastname. Rybicki, U.S. Geological Survey; Trapa Replace “Firstname Lastname” with your name. herbarium tour (5/2). (Trapaceae) (4/6 - 4/7; 4/12 - 4/13). If you would like to be added to the hard-copy Marjorie Falanruw, U.S. Forest Service; mailing list, please contact Dr. Gary Krupnick at: Cintia Luz, Universidade de São Paulo, Department of Botany, Smithsonian Institution, Micronesian flora (5/3). PO Box 37012, NMNH MRC-166, Washington, Brazil; Schinus (Anacardiaceae) (4/11 - DC 20013-7012, or by E-mail: krupnickg@ 4/13). Kathleen Kron, Wake Forest University; si.edu. West Indian Ericaceae (5/11 - 5/12). Rowan Schley, Royal Botanic Gardens, Web site: http://botany.si.edu/ Kew; Brownea (Fabaceae) (4/11 - 4/14). Continued on page 10 Page 2 Taking Stock t has been an eventful year. Last summer when it average size of the 3,200 institutional herbaria in the Chair became apparent that I would likely become Chair world is a modest 100,000 specimens! As with the Iof the Department of Botany I realized that among symposium, this project also is a partnership. The many other things I would have to organize
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Plant Press
    Special Symposium Issue continues on page 14 Department of Botany & the U.S. National Herbarium The Plant Press New Series - Vol. 20 - No. 3 July-September 2017 Botany Profile Plant Expeditions: History Has Its Eyes On You By Gary A. Krupnick he 15th Smithsonian Botani- as specimens (living or dried) in centuries field explorers to continue what they are cal Symposium was held at the past. doing. National Museum of Natural The symposium began with Laurence T he morning session began with a History (NMNH) and the U.S. Botanic Dorr (Chair of Botany, NMNH) giv- th Garden (USBG) on May 19, 2017. The ing opening remarks. Since the lectures series of talks focusing on the 18 symposium, titled “Exploring the Natural were taking place in Baird Auditorium, Tcentury explorations of Canada World: Plants, People and Places,” Dorr took the opportunity to talk about and the United States. Jacques Cayouette focused on the history of plant expedi- the theater’s namesake, Spencer Baird. A (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada) tions. Over 200 participants gathered to naturalist, ornithologist, ichthyologist, and presented the first talk, “Moravian Mis- hear stories dedicated col- sionaries as Pioneers of Botanical Explo- and learn about lector, Baird was ration in Labrador (1765-1954).” He what moti- the first curator explained that missionaries of the Mora- vated botanical to be named vian Church, one of the oldest Protestant explorers of at the Smith- denominations, established missions the Western sonian Institu- along coastal Labrador in Canada in the Hemisphere in the 18th, 19th, and 20th tion and eventually served as Secretary late 1700s.
    [Show full text]
  • From Witch Doctor to Modern Medicine: Searching the American Tropics for Potentially New Medicinal Plants
    From Witch Doctor to Modern Medicine: Searching the American Tropics for Potentially New Medicinal Plants "And as there are discouvered new Regions, new King- doms and new Provinces by our Spaniards, so they have brought unto us new Medicines, and newe Remedies, wherewith they do cure many infirmities, which, if we did lacke them, would be incurible, and without any remedie ... for which cause I did pretend to treate, and to write of all things that they bring from our Indias, apperteyning to the Arte and Use of Medicine, and the remedie of hurtes and diseases that we doo suffer and endure ...". Nicholas Monardes [transl. John Frampton] "Joyfull Newes out of the New-found World" (1596) The search for potential new medicines from the Plant King- dom is not new. It has been carried on since man first became aware ot the variety ot ettects that plants had on his mind and body. It is still under way. But we now have many ad- vantages over man in all prior ages. We have millennia of experience behind us; a deeper understanding of what plants are and how they live; an intensity of modern technology to help us; and, what is more important than all of the other advantages, a determination to probe into the still virgin vegetal world for active compounds of promise for man’s existence. Today we follow several discreet paths in our search for "new" medicinal plants. Some modern programs - ambitious, technologically com- plex and potentially promising - have emphasized the random or semi-random screening of plants from all parts of the world for new organic compounds.
    [Show full text]
  • State of New York City's Plants 2018
    STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species.
    [Show full text]
  • Specialist Foragers in Forest Bee Communities Are Small, Social Or Emerge Early
    Received: 5 November 2018 | Accepted: 2 April 2019 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13003 RESEARCH ARTICLE Specialist foragers in forest bee communities are small, social or emerge early Colleen Smith1,2 | Lucia Weinman1,2 | Jason Gibbs3 | Rachael Winfree2 1GraDuate Program in Ecology & Evolution, Rutgers University, New Abstract Brunswick, New Jersey 1. InDiviDual pollinators that specialize on one plant species within a foraging bout 2 Department of Ecology, Evolution, and transfer more conspecific and less heterospecific pollen, positively affecting plant Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey reproDuction. However, we know much less about pollinator specialization at the 3Department of Entomology, University of scale of a foraging bout compared to specialization by pollinator species. Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanaDa 2. In this stuDy, we measured the Diversity of pollen carried by inDiviDual bees forag- Correspondence ing in forest plant communities in the miD-Atlantic United States. Colleen Smith Email: [email protected] 3. We found that inDiviDuals frequently carried low-Diversity pollen loaDs, suggest- ing that specialization at the scale of the foraging bout is common. InDiviDuals of Funding information Xerces Society for Invertebrate solitary bee species carried higher Diversity pollen loaDs than Did inDiviDuals of Conservation; Natural Resources social bee species; the latter have been better stuDied with respect to foraging Conservation Service; GarDen Club of America bout specialization, but account for a small minority of the worlD’s bee species. Bee boDy size was positively correlated with pollen load Diversity, and inDiviDuals HanDling EDitor: Julian Resasco of polylectic (but not oligolectic) species carried increasingly Diverse pollen loaDs as the season progresseD, likely reflecting an increase in the Diversity of flowers in bloom.
    [Show full text]
  • Bees in the Trees: Diverse Spring Fauna in Temperate Forest Edge Canopies
    Forest Ecology and Management 482 (2021) 118903 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Forest Ecology and Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foreco Bees in the trees: Diverse spring fauna in temperate forest edge canopies Katherine R. Urban-Mead a,*, Paige Muniz~ a, Jessica Gillung b, Anna Espinoza a, Rachel Fordyce a, Maria van Dyke a, Scott H. McArt a, Bryan N. Danforth a a Cornell Department of Entomology, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States b Department of Natural Resource Sciences at McGill University in Quebec, Canada ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Temperate hardwood deciduous forest is the dominant landcover in the Northeastern US, yet its canopy is usually Temperate deciduous forests ignored as pollinator habitat due to the abundance of wind-pollinated trees. We describe the vertical stratifi­ Wild bees cation of spring bee communities in this habitat and explore associations with bee traits, canopy cover, and Forest management coarse woody debris. For three years, we sampled second-growth woodlots and apple orchard-adjacent forest Canopy ecology sites from late March to early June every 7–10 days with paired sets of tri-colored pan traps in the canopy (20–25 m above ground) and understory (<1m). Roughly one fifthof the known New York state bee fauna were caught at each height, and 90 of 417 species overall, with many species shared across the strata. We found equal species richness, higher diversity, and a much higher proportion of female bees in the canopy compared to the understory. Female solitary, social, soil- and wood-nesting bees were all abundant in the canopy while soil- nesting and solitary bees of both sexes dominated the understory.
    [Show full text]
  • Creating a Pollinator Garden for Native Specialist Bees of New York and the Northeast
    Creating a pollinator garden for native specialist bees of New York and the Northeast Maria van Dyke Kristine Boys Rosemarie Parker Robert Wesley Bryan Danforth From Cover Photo: Additional species not readily visible in photo - Baptisia australis, Cornus sp., Heuchera americana, Monarda didyma, Phlox carolina, Solidago nemoralis, Solidago sempervirens, Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pringlii. These shade-loving species are in a nearby bed. Acknowledgements This project was supported by the NYS Natural Heritage Program under the NYS Pollinator Protection Plan and Environmental Protection Fund. In addition, we offer our appreciation to Jarrod Fowler for his research into compiling lists of specialist bees and their host plants in the eastern United States. Creating a Pollinator Garden for Specialist Bees in New York Table of Contents Introduction _________________________________________________________________________ 1 Native bees and plants _________________________________________________________________ 3 Nesting Resources ____________________________________________________________________ 3 Planning your garden __________________________________________________________________ 4 Site assessment and planning: ____________________________________________________ 5 Site preparation: _______________________________________________________________ 5 Design: _______________________________________________________________________ 6 Soil: _________________________________________________________________________ 6 Sun Exposure: _________________________________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 植物研究雜誌 J. Jpn. Bot. 79: 326 333 (2004) Possible Role Of
    植物研究雑誌 J. J. Jpn. Bo t. 79: 79: 326-333(2004) Possible Possible Role of the Nectar-Guide-like Mark in Flower Explosion in in Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. (Leguminosae) Hiroshi Hiroshi TAKAHASHI Departrilent Departrilent of Biology ，Faculty of Education ，Gifu University ，Gifu ， 501-1193 JAPAN (Received (Received on January 21 ， 2004) Desmodium paniculatum ， which is from North America and is naturalized widely in Japan ，exhibits characteristics typical to explosive f1 owers ，i. e. ， has no retum to original position position in the wings and keel ，spreads a pollen cloud at flower explosion ，rarely has re- visits visits by pollinators ， and is nectarless. The explosion is induced by bee-proboscis inser- tion into into tion the opening between the standard- and the wing-base ， with no force other needed. needed. The f1 0wer possesses marked spots in the basal part of the standard ，that 訂 e very similar similar to the nect 紅 guides common in the nectariferous f1 0wers of Papilionoideae. However ，they 紅 e not guide marks to introduce bees to reward objects ， because it does not not have any reward in the basal p紅t. They appe 征 to function as a guide mark to help bees bees make the f1 0wer explode. Bees can obtain the pollen reward only after insertion of their their proboscis into the opening under the mark. Key words: Desmodium pαniculatum ，explosive f1 ower ，Leguminosae ，nectar guide ，pol- len len guide. Flowers Flowers that provide their pollinators nec- was referred to as a tongue-guide by tar tar as a reward ，especially those with hidden Westerkamp (1997).
    [Show full text]
  • Citizen Scientists Document Geographic Patterns in Pollinator Communities
    Journal of Pollination Ecology, 23(10), 2018, pp 90-97 CITIZEN SCIENTISTS DOCUMENT GEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS IN POLLINATOR COMMUNITIES Alison J. Parker* and James D. Thomson University of Toronto, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5 Canada Abstract—It is widely recognized that plants are visited by a diverse community of pollinators that are highly variable in space and time, but biologists are often unable to investigate the pollinator climate across species’ entire ranges. To study the community of pollinators visiting the spring ephemerals Claytonia virginica and Claytonia caroliniana, we assembled a team of citizen scientists to monitor pollinator visitation to plants throughout the species’ ranges. Citizen scientists documented some interesting differences in pollinator communities; specifically, that western C. virginica and C. caroliniana populations are visited more often by the pollen specialist bee Andrena erigeniae and southern populations are visited more often by the bombyliid fly Bombylius major. Differences in pollinator communities throughout the plants’ range will have implications for the ecology and evolution of a plant species, including that differences may affect the male fitness of individual plants or the reproductive success of plant populations, or both. Keywords: citizen science, plant-pollinator interactions INTRODUCTION Looking for and documenting large-scale patterns in A rich history of research has explored the role of a pollinator communities requires a great deal of observational pollinator species in determining the reproductive success of a data. Studies are often limited to just one or a few plant plant, selecting for plant traits, and in some cases influencing populations (Herrera et al.
    [Show full text]
  • A Família Solanaceae Juss. No Município De Vitória Da Conquista
    Paubrasilia Artigo Original doi: 10.33447/paubrasilia.2021.e0049 2021;4:e0049 A família Solanaceae Juss. no município de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil The family Solanaceae Juss. in the municipality of Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil Jerlane Nascimento Moura1 & Claudenir Simões Caires 1 1. Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste Resumo da Bahia, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brasil Solanaceae é uma das maiores famílias de plantas vasculares, com 100 gêneros e ca. de 2.500 espécies, com distribuição subcosmopolita e maior diversidade na região Neotropical. Este trabalho realizou um levantamento florístico das espécies de Palavras-chave Solanales. Taxonomia. Florística. Solanaceae no município de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, em área ecotonal entre Nordeste. Caatinga e Mata Atlântica. Foram realizadas coletas semanais de agosto/2019 a março/2020, totalizando 30 espécimes, depositados nos herbários HUESBVC e HVC. Keywords Solanales. Taxonomy. Floristics. Foram registradas 19 espécies, distribuídas em nove gêneros: Brunfelsia (2 spp.), Northeast. Capsicum (1 sp.), Cestrum (1 sp.), Datura (1 sp.), Iochroma (1 sp.) Nicandra (1 sp.), Nicotiana (1 sp.), Physalis (1 sp.) e Solanum (10 spp.). Dentre as espécies coletadas, cinco são endêmicas para o Brasil e 11 foram novos registros para o município. Nossos resultados demonstram que Solanaceae é uma família de elevada riqueza de espécies no município, contribuindo para o conhecimento da flora local. Abstract Solanaceae is one of the largest families of vascular plants, with 100 genera and ca. 2,500 species, with subcosmopolitan distribution and greater diversity in the Neotropical region. This work carried out a floristic survey of Solanaceae species in the municipality of Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, in an ecotonal area between Caatinga and Atlantic Forest.
    [Show full text]
  • Recommendation of Native Species for the Reforestation of Degraded Land Using Live Staking in Antioquia and Caldas’ Departments (Colombia)
    UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA Department of Land, Environment Agriculture and Forestry Second Cycle Degree (MSc) in Forest Science Recommendation of native species for the reforestation of degraded land using live staking in Antioquia and Caldas’ Departments (Colombia) Supervisor Prof. Lorenzo Marini Co-supervisor Prof. Jaime Polanía Vorenberg Submitted by Alicia Pardo Moy Student N. 1218558 2019/2020 Summary Although Colombia is one of the countries with the greatest biodiversity in the world, it has many degraded areas due to agricultural and mining practices that have been carried out in recent decades. The high Andean forests are especially vulnerable to this type of soil erosion. The corporate purpose of ‘Reforestadora El Guásimo S.A.S.’ is to use wood from its plantations, but it also follows the parameters of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). For this reason, it carries out reforestation activities and programs and, very particularly, it is interested in carrying out ecological restoration processes in some critical sites. The study area is located between 2000 and 2750 masl and is considered a low Andean humid forest (bmh-MB). The average annual precipitation rate is 2057 mm and the average temperature is around 11 ºC. The soil has a sandy loam texture with low pH, which limits the amount of nutrients it can absorb. FAO (2014) suggests that around 10 genera are enough for a proper restoration. After a bibliographic revision, the genera chosen were Alchornea, Billia, Ficus, Inga, Meriania, Miconia, Ocotea, Protium, Prunus, Psidium, Symplocos, Tibouchina, and Weinmannia. Two inventories from 2013 and 2019, helped to determine different biodiversity indexes to check the survival of different species and to suggest the adequate characteristics of the individuals for a successful vegetative stakes reforestation.
    [Show full text]
  • Floristic Quality Assessment Report
    FLORISTIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN INDIANA: THE CONCEPT, USE, AND DEVELOPMENT OF COEFFICIENTS OF CONSERVATISM Tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) the State tree of Indiana June 2004 Final Report for ARN A305-4-53 EPA Wetland Program Development Grant CD975586-01 Prepared by: Paul E. Rothrock, Ph.D. Taylor University Upland, IN 46989-1001 Introduction Since the early nineteenth century the Indiana landscape has undergone a massive transformation (Jackson 1997). In the pre-settlement period, Indiana was an almost unbroken blanket of forests, prairies, and wetlands. Much of the land was cleared, plowed, or drained for lumber, the raising of crops, and a range of urban and industrial activities. Indiana’s native biota is now restricted to relatively small and often isolated tracts across the State. This fragmentation and reduction of the State’s biological diversity has challenged Hoosiers to look carefully at how to monitor further changes within our remnant natural communities and how to effectively conserve and even restore many of these valuable places within our State. To meet this monitoring, conservation, and restoration challenge, one needs to develop a variety of appropriate analytical tools. Ideally these techniques should be simple to learn and apply, give consistent results between different observers, and be repeatable. Floristic Assessment, which includes metrics such as the Floristic Quality Index (FQI) and Mean C values, has gained wide acceptance among environmental scientists and decision-makers, land stewards, and restoration ecologists in Indiana’s neighboring states and regions: Illinois (Taft et al. 1997), Michigan (Herman et al. 1996), Missouri (Ladd 1996), and Wisconsin (Bernthal 2003) as well as northern Ohio (Andreas 1993) and southern Ontario (Oldham et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships of Ruteae (Rutaceae): New Evidence from the Chloroplast Genome and Comparisons with Non-Molecular Data
    ARTICLE IN PRESS Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution xxx (2008) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Phylogenetic relationships of Ruteae (Rutaceae): New evidence from the chloroplast genome and comparisons with non-molecular data Gabriele Salvo a,*, Gianluigi Bacchetta b, Farrokh Ghahremaninejad c, Elena Conti a a Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland b Center for Conservation of Biodiversity (CCB), Department of Botany, University of Cagliari, Viale S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123 Cagliari, Italy c Department of Biology, Tarbiat Moallem University, 49 Dr. Mofatteh Avenue, 15614 Tehran, Iran article info abstract Article history: Phylogenetic analyses of three cpDNA markers (matK, rpl16, and trnL–trnF) were performed to evaluate Received 12 December 2007 previous treatments of Ruteae based on morphology and phytochemistry that contradicted each other, Revised 14 July 2008 especially regarding the taxonomic status of Haplophyllum and Dictamnus. Trees derived from morpho- Accepted 9 September 2008 logical, phytochemical, and molecular datasets of Ruteae were then compared to look for possible pat- Available online xxxx terns of agreement among them. Furthermore, non-molecular characters were mapped on the molecular phylogeny to identify uniquely derived states and patterns of homoplasy in the morphological Keywords: and phytochemical datasets. The phylogenetic analyses determined that Haplophyllum and Ruta form Ruta reciprocally exclusive monophyletic groups and that Dictamnus is not closely related to the other genera Citrus family Morphology of Ruteae. The different types of datasets were partly incongruent with each other. The discordant phy- Phytochemistry logenetic patterns between the phytochemical and molecular trees might be best explained in terms of Congruence convergence in secondary chemical compounds.
    [Show full text]