Citizen Scientists Document Geographic Patterns in Pollinator Communities
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"National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment. -
A Preliminary List of Some Families of Iowa Insects
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science Volume 43 Annual Issue Article 139 1936 A Preliminary List of Some Families of Iowa Insects H. E. Jaques Iowa Wesleyan College L. G. Warren Iowa Wesleyan College Laurence K. Cutkomp Iowa Wesleyan College Herbert Knutson Iowa Wesleyan College Shirley Bagnall Iowa Wesleyan College See next page for additional authors Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©1936 Iowa Academy of Science, Inc. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias Recommended Citation Jaques, H. E.; Warren, L. G.; Cutkomp, Laurence K.; Knutson, Herbert; Bagnall, Shirley; Jaques, Mabel; Millspaugh, Dick D.; Wimp, Verlin L.; and Manning, W. C. (1936) "A Preliminary List of Some Families of Iowa Insects," Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, 43(1), 383-390. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol43/iss1/139 This Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa Academy of Science at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Preliminary List of Some Families of Iowa Insects Authors H. E. Jaques, L. G. Warren, Laurence K. Cutkomp, Herbert Knutson, Shirley Bagnall, Mabel Jaques, Dick D. Millspaugh, Verlin L. Wimp, and W. C. Manning This research is available in Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol43/ iss1/139 Jaques et al.: A Preliminary List of Some Families of Iowa Insects A PRELIMINARY LIST OF SOME FAMILIES OF rowA INSECTS H. -
Effects of Prescribed Fire and Fire Surrogates on Pollinators and Saproxylic Beetles in North Carolina and Alabama
EFFECTS OF PRESCRIBED FIRE AND FIRE SURROGATES ON POLLINATORS AND SAPROXYLIC BEETLES IN NORTH CAROLINA AND ALABAMA by JOSHUA W. CAMPBELL (Under the Direction of James L. Hanula) ABSTRACT Pollinating and saproxylic insects are two groups of forest insects that are considered to be extremely vital for forest health. These insects maintain and enhance plant diversity, but also help recycle nutrients back into the soil. Forest management practices (prescribed burns, thinnings, herbicide use) are commonly used methods to limit fuel build up within forests. However, their effects on pollinating and saproxylic insects are poorly understood. We collected pollinating and saproxylic insect from North Carolina and Alabama from 2002-2004 among different treatment plots. In North Carolina, we captured 7921 floral visitors from four orders and 21 families. Hymenoptera was the most abundant and diverse order, with Halictidae being the most abundant family. The majority of floral visitors were captured in the mechanical plus burn treatments, while lower numbers were caught on the mechanical only treatments, burn only treatments and control treatments. Overall species richness was also higher on mechanical plus burn treatments compared to other treatments. Total pollinator abundance was correlated with decreased tree basal area (r2=0.58) and increased percent herbaceous plant cover (r2=0.71). We captured 37,191 saproxylic Coleoptera in North Carolina, comprising 20 families and 122 species. Overall, species richness and total abundance of Coleoptera were not significantly different among treatments. However, total numbers of many key families, such as Scolytidae, Curculionidae, Cerambycidae, and Buprestidae, have higher total numbers in treated plots compared to untreated controls and several families (Elateridae, Cleridae, Trogositidae, Scolytidae) showed significant differences (p≤0.05) in abundance. -
Specialist Foragers in Forest Bee Communities Are Small, Social Or Emerge Early
Received: 5 November 2018 | Accepted: 2 April 2019 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13003 RESEARCH ARTICLE Specialist foragers in forest bee communities are small, social or emerge early Colleen Smith1,2 | Lucia Weinman1,2 | Jason Gibbs3 | Rachael Winfree2 1GraDuate Program in Ecology & Evolution, Rutgers University, New Abstract Brunswick, New Jersey 1. InDiviDual pollinators that specialize on one plant species within a foraging bout 2 Department of Ecology, Evolution, and transfer more conspecific and less heterospecific pollen, positively affecting plant Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey reproDuction. However, we know much less about pollinator specialization at the 3Department of Entomology, University of scale of a foraging bout compared to specialization by pollinator species. Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, CanaDa 2. In this stuDy, we measured the Diversity of pollen carried by inDiviDual bees forag- Correspondence ing in forest plant communities in the miD-Atlantic United States. Colleen Smith Email: [email protected] 3. We found that inDiviDuals frequently carried low-Diversity pollen loaDs, suggest- ing that specialization at the scale of the foraging bout is common. InDiviDuals of Funding information Xerces Society for Invertebrate solitary bee species carried higher Diversity pollen loaDs than Did inDiviDuals of Conservation; Natural Resources social bee species; the latter have been better stuDied with respect to foraging Conservation Service; GarDen Club of America bout specialization, but account for a small minority of the worlD’s bee species. Bee boDy size was positively correlated with pollen load Diversity, and inDiviDuals HanDling EDitor: Julian Resasco of polylectic (but not oligolectic) species carried increasingly Diverse pollen loaDs as the season progresseD, likely reflecting an increase in the Diversity of flowers in bloom. -
Scottish Bees
Scottish Bees Introduction to bees Bees are fascinating insects that can be found in a broad range of habitats from urban gardens to grasslands and wetlands. There are over 270 species of bee in the UK in 6 families - 115 of these have been recorded in Scotland, with 4 species now thought to be extinct and insufficient data available for another 2 species. Bees are very diverse, varying in size, tongue-length and flower preference. In the UK we have 1 species of honey bee, 24 species of bumblebee and the rest are solitary bees. They fulfil an essential ecological and environmental role as one of the most significant groups of pollinating insects, all of which we depend upon for the pollination of 80% of our wild and cultivated plants. Some flowers are in fact designed specifically for bee pollination, to the exclusion of generalist pollinators. Bees and their relatives Bees are classified in the complex insect order Hymenoptera (meaning membrane-winged), which also includes many kinds of parasitic wasps, gall wasps, hunting wasps, ants and sawflies. There are about 150,000 species of Hymenoptera known worldwide separated into two sub-orders. The first is the most primitive sub-order Symphyta which includes the sawflies and their relatives, lacking a wasp-waist and generally with free-living caterpillar-like larvae. The second is the sub-order Apocrita, which includes the ants, bees and wasps which are ’wasp-waisted’ and have grub-like larvae that develop within hosts, galls or nests. The sub-order Apocrita is in turn divided into two sections, the Parasitica and Aculeata. -
Bees in the Trees: Diverse Spring Fauna in Temperate Forest Edge Canopies
Forest Ecology and Management 482 (2021) 118903 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Forest Ecology and Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foreco Bees in the trees: Diverse spring fauna in temperate forest edge canopies Katherine R. Urban-Mead a,*, Paige Muniz~ a, Jessica Gillung b, Anna Espinoza a, Rachel Fordyce a, Maria van Dyke a, Scott H. McArt a, Bryan N. Danforth a a Cornell Department of Entomology, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States b Department of Natural Resource Sciences at McGill University in Quebec, Canada ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Temperate hardwood deciduous forest is the dominant landcover in the Northeastern US, yet its canopy is usually Temperate deciduous forests ignored as pollinator habitat due to the abundance of wind-pollinated trees. We describe the vertical stratifi Wild bees cation of spring bee communities in this habitat and explore associations with bee traits, canopy cover, and Forest management coarse woody debris. For three years, we sampled second-growth woodlots and apple orchard-adjacent forest Canopy ecology sites from late March to early June every 7–10 days with paired sets of tri-colored pan traps in the canopy (20–25 m above ground) and understory (<1m). Roughly one fifthof the known New York state bee fauna were caught at each height, and 90 of 417 species overall, with many species shared across the strata. We found equal species richness, higher diversity, and a much higher proportion of female bees in the canopy compared to the understory. Female solitary, social, soil- and wood-nesting bees were all abundant in the canopy while soil- nesting and solitary bees of both sexes dominated the understory. -
The Pollination of the British Primulas
POLLINATION OF THE BRITISE PRIMULAS. 105 The Pollination of the Rritish Primulas. By MILLERCHRISTY, F.L.8. rRend let December, 1921*.] SYNOPSIS. PAGE I.-Introductory Remarks .................................. 106 II.--Observations on Insect Visitors .......................... 108 111.-The Depths of the Corolla-tubes of the Flowers. ........... 123 1V.--The Tongue-lengths of the lnsects known to visit the Flowers. 1% V.-Summary of Observations on Insect Visitors .............. 126 V1.-Critical Remarks on the Observations .................... 129 VI1.-Conclusion ............................................ 134 I.-Introductory Remarks. FORTYyears or so ago, one often heard or read papers dealing with some special point in connection with the pollination (then called “ fertilization ”) of flowers by insects. At that time, the whole subject mas practically neu, having recently been brought to the front ns a result of the siiperh experi- inental and observational work of Darwin. Since then, the chief problems involved have been solved, largely through the labours of our past-President, Sir John Lubbock (afterwards Lord Avebury), Alfred TV. Bennett, John Scott, the Rev. George Henslow, I. H. Burkill, and others in this country, but mainly through the work of German observers, two of whom have published almosbencyclopaedic works on the subject. Yet there is still much to be learned in detail as to the means by which the flowers of certain plants secure pollination. Of few plants, if of any, is this more true than it is of the British members of the genus Primula. Indeed, the precise means by which the flowers of these plants (especially the Primrose) secure adequate pollination has long been, and still remains, a complete mystery, though there has been much discussion, and close attention has been given to it by many observers, including Darwin i,T. -
Creating a Pollinator Garden for Native Specialist Bees of New York and the Northeast
Creating a pollinator garden for native specialist bees of New York and the Northeast Maria van Dyke Kristine Boys Rosemarie Parker Robert Wesley Bryan Danforth From Cover Photo: Additional species not readily visible in photo - Baptisia australis, Cornus sp., Heuchera americana, Monarda didyma, Phlox carolina, Solidago nemoralis, Solidago sempervirens, Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pringlii. These shade-loving species are in a nearby bed. Acknowledgements This project was supported by the NYS Natural Heritage Program under the NYS Pollinator Protection Plan and Environmental Protection Fund. In addition, we offer our appreciation to Jarrod Fowler for his research into compiling lists of specialist bees and their host plants in the eastern United States. Creating a Pollinator Garden for Specialist Bees in New York Table of Contents Introduction _________________________________________________________________________ 1 Native bees and plants _________________________________________________________________ 3 Nesting Resources ____________________________________________________________________ 3 Planning your garden __________________________________________________________________ 4 Site assessment and planning: ____________________________________________________ 5 Site preparation: _______________________________________________________________ 5 Design: _______________________________________________________________________ 6 Soil: _________________________________________________________________________ 6 Sun Exposure: _________________________________________________________________ -
Unique Bee Communities Within Vacant Lots and Urban Farms Result from Variation in Surrounding Urbanization Intensity
sustainability Article Unique Bee Communities within Vacant Lots and Urban Farms Result from Variation in Surrounding Urbanization Intensity Frances S. Sivakoff ID , Scott P. Prajzner and Mary M. Gardiner * ID Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; [email protected] (F.S.S.); [email protected] (S.P.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-330-601-6628 Received: 1 May 2018; Accepted: 5 June 2018; Published: 8 June 2018 Abstract: We investigated the relative importance of vacant lot and urban farm habitat features and their surrounding landscape context on bee community richness, abundance, composition, and resource use patterns. Three years of pan trap collections from 16 sites yielded a rich assemblage of bees from vacant lots and urban farms, with 98 species documented. We collected a greater bee abundance from vacant lots, and the two forms of greenspace supported significantly different bee communities. Plant–pollinator networks constructed from floral visitation observations revealed that, while the average number of bees utilizing available resources, niche breadth, and niche overlap were similar, the composition of floral resources and common foragers varied by habitat type. Finally, we found that the proportion of impervious surface and number of greenspace patches in the surrounding landscape strongly influenced bee assemblages. At a local scale (100 m radius), patch isolation appeared to limit colonization of vacant lots and urban farms. However, at a larger landscape scale (1000 m radius), increasing urbanization resulted in a greater concentration of bees utilizing vacant lots and urban farms, illustrating that maintaining greenspaces provides important habitat, even within highly developed landscapes. -
Claytonia Virginica & Claytonia Caroliniana: Spring Beauty
Zachariah Wahid Ethnobotany (EEB 455) June 10, 2014 Instructors: Scott Herron and Adam Schubel Claytonia virginica & Claytonia caroliniana: Spring beauty Meeautikwaeaugpineeg Species Productivity Schedule Zachariah Wahid Ethnobotany (EEB 455) June 10, 2014 Instructors: Scott Herron and Adam Schubel Family: Montiaceae (formerly: Portulaceae) Latin Name: Claytonia virginica L., Claytonia caroliniana L. Common Names: Spring beauty, Fairy spud Anishinaabe Name: Meeautikwaeaugpineeg Taxonomy The genus Claytonia was named aFter John Clayton (1685-1773), an American botanist, physician, and clerk to the County Court of Gloucester County, VA where the species name virginica, meaning “oF Virginia”, comes From (Black & JudZiewicz, 2009; Couplan, 1998). C. caroliniana was similarly named aFter the Carolinas. The diFFerence in scientiFic nomenclature between these species reFlects a diFFerence in distributions and slight variation in morphology (C. virginica is sometimes referred to as narrow-leaved spring beauty). The Anishinaabemowin word For spring beauty is Meeautikwaeaugpineeg and it can be applied to both species since they are functionally the same For humans (Meeker & Elias, 1993). The Anishinaabemowin name may reFer to the plant’s preferred forest habitat and to the underground organs From which spring beauty’s most common use is derived. However, very few print or online sources (if any) exist that provide a literal translation of the word into English. The English common name, “Fairy spud”, was coined by a plant Forager named Euell Gibbons and has been used to describe the plant’s underground storage organ (Edsall, 1985; Thayer, 2006). Other names For the corm include “Indian potato”, “wild potato”, and “mountain potato” (Kuhnlein & Turner, 1991). The genus Claytonia used to be classiFied as a member oF the Family Portulaceae but was recently reclassiFied as a member oF the Family Montiaceae. -
Pollinators in Forests – an Annotated Bibliography
Pollinators in Forests – An Annotated Bibliography This annotated bibliography was compiled while researching pollinators in the woods and other related topics. Some text was copied directly from the source when it was appropriately concise. The document is broken into 9 categories: Forest Pollinator Biology, Phenology, Habitat; Forest Pollinators and Woody Material; Forest Management and Pollinators; Forest Pollinators and Agriculture; Forest Pollinators and Habitat Fragments; Forest Pollinators and Adjacent Land Use; Forest Pollinators and Invasive Plants; Pollinator Research Methodology; and Miscellaneous, for papers that do not fit a specific category but that contain relevant information. Forest Pollinator Biology, Phenology, Habitat 1. Adamson, Nancy Lee, et al. “Pollinator Plants: Great Lakes Region,” Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, 2017. Includes a list of plants beneficial to pollinators native to the Great Lakes region, which includes land in Ontario, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Ohio, Michigan, Pennsylvania, and New York. 2. Adamson, Nancy Lee, et al. “Pollinator Plants: Northeast Region,” Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, 2015. Includes a list of plants beneficial to pollinators native to the Northeast Region, which encompasses southern Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, the New England states, and eastern New York. 3. Black, Scott Hoffman, et al. “Pollinators in Natural Areas: A Primer on Habitat Management,” Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation. By aiding in wildland food production, helping with nutrient cycling, and as direct prey, pollinators are important in wildlife food webs. Summerville and Crist (2002) found that forest moths play important functional roles as selective herbivores, pollinators, detritivores, and prey for migratory songbirds. Belfrage et al. (2005) demonstrated that butterfly diversity was a good predictor of bird abundance and diversity, apparently due to a shared requirement for a complex plant community. -
See Full Species List
County Wildlife Action Name of Site: Billingford Common Surveyors: Lusie Ambler Ann Foreman Nick Lingwood Vicky Rusby Ian Tart Becky Whatley Dates of Surveys 09/04/17, 06/05/17, 19/05/17, 11/06/17, 23/07/17, 12/08/17, 09/09/17 Plus additional casual visits Scientific Name Common Name Comp 1 Comp 2 Comp 3 Comp 4 Comp 5 DAFOR Comment/Location Achillea millefolium Yarrow 1 2 4 O Aegopodium podagraria Ground Elder 3 4 O Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony 1 R Agrostis canina Velvet Bent 5 R Agrostis capillaris Common Bent 1 5 F Agrostis gigantea Black Bent 5 R Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustard 2 5 O Alnus glutinosa Alder 3 R Alopecurus myosuroides Black-grass 1 R Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail 1 2 LA Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelica 1 2 3 4 O Anisantha sterilis Barren Brome 1 4 LF Anthriscus sylvestris Cowparsley 1 2 LF Aphanes agg Parsley Piert agg 1 R Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress 2 R In ditch Arabidopsis thaliana Thale Cress 2 R Arctium lappa Greater Burdock 2 O Arctium minus Lesser Burdock 1 4 O Arenaria serpyllifolia Thyme-leaved sandwort 1 R Aria praecox Early Hair-grass 1 R Armoracia rusticana Horseradish 1 O Large patches Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass 1 2 LD/LA Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort 1 2 4 LF Arum maculatum Lords and Ladies 3 5 R Ballota nigra Black Horehound 1 4 R Barberea sp Cress sp 2 R In ditch Bellis perennis Daisy 2 R Berula erecta Lesser Water Parsnip 4 R Riverside Betula pendula Silver Birch 1 R Saplings Bromus sterilis Barren Brome 1 R Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed 2 4 O Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd's