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The Social Life of a Strategy Document L. O'nolan Degree of Doctorate In The social life of a strategy document L. O’Nolan Degree of Doctorate in Business Administration (DBA) 2018 QQI The social life of a strategy document By Louise O’Nolan, BSc., M.A. Submitted in Fulfilment of the Doctorate in Business Administration School of Business Waterford Institute of Technology Research Supervisors: Dr. Ray Griffin & Dr. Chris O’Riordan Submitted to Waterford Institute of Technology June 2018 ii I declare that this thesis is wholly my own work except where I have made explicit reference to the work of others. I have read the DBA guidelines and relevant institutional regulations and hereby declare that this thesis is in line with these requirements. I have discussed, agreed, and complied with whatever confidentiality or anonymity terms of reference were deemed appropriate by those participating in the research and dealt appropriately with any other ethical matters arising. I have uploaded the entire thesis as one file to Turnitin on Moodle, examined my ‘Similarity Report’ by viewing the detail behind the overall ‘Similarity Index’, and have addressed any matches that exceed 3%. I have made every effort to minimise my overall ‘Similarity Index’ score and the number of matches occurring. 12/06/18 _________________________ __________________________ Louise O'Nolan Date iii Dedication I would like to dedicate this thesis to my dearest friend, the inimitable Tariq Al- Ammadi. iv Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge the dedication and support of the WIT team for their consummate professionalism throughout the organisation and running of the DBA programme. I would especially like to acknowledge Dr Anthony Foley and Dr Seán Byrne for their support, guidance and kindness. I offer my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Dr Ray Griffin for his incredible dedication to the fulfilment of this project’s promise. For his constant availability to give feedback and discuss the work with me, considerably expanding my library, and introducing me to the world of conference publication, I am truly grateful. I would also like to acknowledge that working with Dr Griffin has improved my own professional practice by observing the standard of dedication he applies to his own work. I would also like to thank the external and internal examiners of the paper series- Professor Joseph Coughlan, Mr. John Casey and Dr Malcolm Brady, for their helpful and constructive feedback on the betterment of this study. I would like to thank my colleagues and the management of Bahrain Polytechnic who have supported this work. I would like to thank Sh. Hisham bin Abdulaziz Al Khalifa, Dr Mohamed Al-Aseeri, Dr Jeff Zabudsky, Sh. Ali bin Abdulrahman Al-Khalifa and Dr Hasan Al-Mulla who have trusted me to faithfully research the institution they have built and given their time and support to this project. I would also like to thank my colleague Clare Walsh for her support, encouragement, and review of my work. To the combined O’Nolan, Al-Ammadi and MacLennan families I thank you for all the practical and emotional support which has enabled me to complete this study. To my friends in Ireland, Bahrain and beyond, I thank you not only for your support and encouragement, but for your patient understanding of my frequent absenteeism in my dedication to this project. v Abstract Strategy documents are curious artefacts of the modern organisation. They represent formal strategic planning processes that have come under criticism, in part for not representing the emergent strategy path that organisations follow in practice. This criticism of formal planning’s efficacy has coincided with a marked decline of research output in this field. This is at odds with the practice world of strategy, where formal strategic planning has become a hallmark of good governance. A Strategy-as-Practice (S-a-P) stream of research has emerged over the last fifteen years to counter this divide between theory and practice and has largely focused on the micro-practices of strategy making. This study is firmly rooted in this tradition of looking at the micro-practices of strategy work to offer novel explication on new ways of organising. This study follows the social life of a strategy document in an institute of higher education from its initial conception, writing, consultation and use, to understand the role these curious documents play in organisational life. Philosophically, this work is inductive, phenomenological, and interpretive. As a process, it presents an ethnography of strategy making, an autoethnography of strategy consultations, a deconstruction of the strategy text produced as an output, and interviews with all those in and around the strategy document’s life in the organisation. Themes of power and dramaturgy emerged in the exploration of strategy making that are further developed by reflecting on how the strategy interacts with organisational life. The tightly controlled and somewhat inauthentic strategy-making, reveals a surprising emancipatory aspiration that is reflected through the strategy in use. These findings question the the lack of focus on the concept of power in the strategy research agenda. The work follows a single strategy document’s life and therefore has a limited claim to generalisability, however, in presenting an all-encompassing view of strategy work through the strategy document, the work presents a totalising account of the role of this document in an organisation. This is a coherent account of the social life of a strategy document from in inception to its life in the organisation. The work adds to an emerging critical perspective on strategy practices and is of interest to managers and strategists alike in considering the process of writing, consulting and calling upon their strategy documents. The study adds a new perspective to the meaning of strategy work in the modern ideal of the university. Keywords: Strategy-as-Practice, Open Strategy, Higher Education Strategy, Ethnography vi Table of Contents Ethical declaration ........................................................................................................... iii Dedication ........................................................................................................................ iv Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... v Abstract ............................................................................................................................ vi List of tables ................................................................................................................... vii List of figures ................................................................................................................... ix List of abbreviations .......................................................................................................... x Section one ....................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction to the study ................................................................................................... 2 Section two ..................................................................................................................... 27 Preface to the paper series ............................................................................................... 28 Paper one ......................................................................................................................... 31 Paper two ......................................................................................................................... 60 Paper three ....................................................................................................................... 97 Paper four ...................................................................................................................... 140 Section three ................................................................................................................. 168 Discussion and conclusions ........................................................................................... 169 Section four .................................................................................................................. 203 Reflective log extracts ........................................................................................................203 Appendices ........................................................................................................................222 vii List of Tables Section two – paper two 1 Interviewees list 76 2 Committee list 78 3 Data sources 82 4 Types of records 85 Section two – paper three 1 Binary opposites within goal definition 124 2 Showing the use of the word ‘student’ 127 3 Exemplar essentialist statements 127 Section two – paper four 1 Interviewees 146 2 Interviewee identifiers 147 viii List of figures Section one – introduction 1 A map of Bahrain in the Arabian Gulf 10 2 Images of Bahrain Polytechnic’s campus 17 Section two – paper one 1 Four approaches to defining strategy 38 Section two – paper two 1 The strategy document in context 72 2 Images from inside the strategy document 73 3 A staff photograph from a strategy event 80 4 Slides presented at an all staff meeting 81 Section two – paper three 1 A presentation to the board of trustees 108 2 A facilitator commenting on the day 112 3 A table of participants 114 4 A flip chart from the consultation event 118 5 More
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