DOCSLIB.ORG

The Ancient Beads of Bahrain: a Study of Ornaments from the Dilmun and Tylos Eras

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Durham E-Theses The Ancient Beads of Bahrain: A Study of Ornaments from the Dilmun and Tylos Eras AL-SADEQI, WALEED,MOHAMED,ABDULRAHIM How to cite: AL-SADEQI, WALEED,MOHAMED,ABDULRAHIM (2013) The Ancient Beads of Bahrain: A Study of Ornaments from the Dilmun and Tylos Eras, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9433/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Department of Archaeology, Durham University THE ANCIENT BEADS OF BAHRAIN: A Study of Ornaments from the Dilmun and Tylos Eras - Volume I - Waleed M. Al-Sadeqi The Ancient Beads of Bahrain: A Study of Ornaments from the Dilmun and Tylos Eras Waleed M. Al-Sadeqi (Abstract) This work represents the first in-depth study of the ancient beads of Bahrain ever attempted. It examines a select group of such beads, comprising a sample of 4,813 specimens recovered from various archaeological sites in Bahrain by means of excavation, in order to isolate their most essential features; that is, those aspects of the beads most crucial to an archaeological understanding and appreciation of ornaments of this sort. It then proceeds to describe and analyze these essential features whilst at the same time constructing a bead typology particular to the Bahrain Islands, something which had never existed before and which is made available through this work for the first time. Using both the essential features and the typology produced by them, the study then employs these as avenues through which it examines not only the cultural and socio-economic development of the Dilmun and Tylos eras (i.e., the Bronze and Iron Ages on the Bahrain Islands), but also the important role played by beads as markers of such development throughout these overarching chronological epochs. 1 The Ancient Beads of Bahrain: A Study of Ornaments from the Dilmun and Tylos Eras (Vol. I of III) Waleed Mohamed Abdulrahim Al-Sadeqi Submitted for the degree of PhD in Archaeology Department of Archaeology Durham University 2013 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume I PAGE Statement of Copyright ……………………………………………………………… 20 Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………………….. 21 PART I: BACKGROUND Chapter 1 - An Introduction to the Ancient Beads of Bahrain ………………….. 24 Goals of This Study ………………………………………………………………….. 27 Organization of This Work …………………………………………………………... 27 A Note on Figures, Plates, and Illustrations …………………………………………. 28 Chapter 2 - The History of Beads in Archaeology: Ornaments Worldwide and in Bahrain …………………………………………… 30 A Review of the Archaeological Study of Beads ……………………………….…… 30 The Ancient Beads of Bahrain Prior to This Study …………………………………. 34 Chapter 3 – Methodology ………………………………………………………….. 41 An Outline of Methodology …………………………………………………………. 41 The Bahrain Sample …………………………………………………………………. 41 Isolating and Studying the Essential Features of Bahrain’s Beads ………………….. 46 Essential Features and the Development of a Bahrain Bead Typology ……………... 48 Studying Bahrain’s Ancient Beads by Means of Essential Features and the Bahrain Bead Typology ……………………………………………………………………………... 48 Chapter 4 - The Essential Features of Beads ……………………………………... 50 Background Information, Contextual Information, and Condition ……………...….. 50 Chronological Period ………………………………………………………………… 50 Material ………………………………………………………………………………. 52 Colour(s) ……………………………………………………………………………... 52 Diaphaneity …………………………………………………………………………... 53 Beadmaking Process …………………………………………………………………. 53 Decoration/Distinguishing Feature(s) ………………………………………………... 54 Perforation Type …………………………………………………………………...… 54 3 Size ………………………………………………………………………………….... 55 Cross-Sectional and Profile Shape …………………………………………………… 55 Function ……………………………………………………………………………… 56 Chapter 5 - Dilmun and Tylos Chronology ……………………………………….. 58 Chronology and Pottery ……………………………………………………………… 58 Cities and Periods: The Chronology of Ancient Bahrain ……………………………. 58 Tylos Phases: Chronological Subdivisions of Period V ……………………………... 61 Chapter 6 - The Sites and Burial Types of Ancient Bahrain: Understanding Where the Beads Came From ……………………………………. 63 Urban Sites ………………………………………………………………….………... 63 Religious Sites ……………………………………………………………………….. 67 Introducing a Marine Exploitation Site: Al-Markh ………………………………….. 70 Burial Types …………………………………………………………………………. 71 PART II: ANALYSIS Chapter 7: Spatial and Temporal Context of the Bahrain Sample 7.1 - Purpose ……………………………………...………………………………… 81 7.2 – Approach to Sampling ……………………………………………………..… 83 7.3 – Archaeological Context …………………………………………………….... 89 7.4 – Condition of the Beads ……………………………………………..……….. 100 7.5 – Chronological Periods ……………………………………………….……… 102 7.6 – Archaeological Narrative ………………………………………………….... 106 Introduction to the Narrative ……………………………………………………….. 106 The Oldest Beads Recovered from Bahrain ………………………………………... 107 Period I and Its Subdivisions ……………………………………………………….. 110 Period II and Its Subdivisions ………………………………………………………. 113 Period III and Its Subdivisions ……………………………………………………... 134 Period IV and Its Subdivisions ……………………………………………………... 140 Period V: The Tylos Era ……………………………………………………………. 153 Chapter 8: Materiality of the Beads 8.1 – Purpose …………………………………..…………………………………... 162 8.2 – Bead Materials …………………………………………………….………… 163 8.3 – Bead Colours …………………………………………...……………………. 182 4 Some General Observations ………………………………………………………… 182 Colours in Periods II, IV, and V ……………………………………………………. 183 The Most Visible Hues in Periods II, IV, and V: A Look at Percentages ………….. 192 8.4 – Bead Diaphaneity …………………………………………………….……… 200 8.5 – Archaeological Narrative …………………………………………………… 220 The Oldest Beads Revisited ………………………………………………………… 220 Period I and Its Subdivisions ………………………………………………………... 227 Period IIa ……………………………………………………………………………. 239 Period IIb ……………………………………………………………………………. 252 Period IIc ……………………………………………………………………………. 257 Period IIb-c ………………………………………………………………………….. 266 Period IIa-c ………………………………………………………………………….. 274 Period Post IIc ………………………………………………………………………. 286 Period III and Its Subdivisions ……………………………………………………… 291 Period IV and Its Subdivisions ……………………………………………………… 294 Period V: The Tylos Era …………………………………………………………….. 312 Volume II Table of Contents …………………………………………………………………… 337 List of Tables ………………………………………………………………………... 339 List of Figures ……………………………………….………………………………. 340 List of Plates ……………………………………….………………………………... 344 Statement of Copyright ……………………………………………………………... 345 Chapter 9: Manufacture, Morphology, and Bead Typologies 9.1 – Purpose ……………………………………...………………………………... 346 9.2 – Manufacturing Methods ………………………………………………….…. 347 The Most Prevalent Beadmaking Process: Drawing and Snapping ……………….... 347 The Beadmaking Process Behind Faience Specimens …………………………….... 365 Mineral Bead Manufacture: Processes Associated with Carnelian/Banded Carnelian Specimens (Etched or Otherwise) and Other Stone Specimens ……………………. 367 Other Beadmaking Processes Associated with the Bahrain Sample ……………….. 395 The Manufacture of Gold-Glass Beads …………………………………………….. 398 5 The Manufacture of Eye Beads …………………………………………...……….. 399 The Drilling of Natural Objects ……………………………………………………. 400 9.3 – Bead Perforation ……..…………………………………………….……….. 402 Perforation Types: An Introduction ……………………………………………….. 402 A Comparison Between Single and Double Perforation Numbers ………………... 403 Type IV Perforations in the Bahrain Sample ……………………………………… 404 Type VIa and Type II Perforations in the Bahrain Sample ………………………... 406 Other Perforation Types in the Bahrain Sample ………………………………...… 410 Some Remarks Regarding Drills ………………………………………………….. 410 9.4 – Bead Morphology ……………………………………………...………...… 413 Bead Sizes ………………………………………………………………………… 413 Cross-Sectional Shapes …………………………………………………………… 425 Profile Shapes …………………………………………………………………….. 428 Three-Dimensional Forms ………………………………………………………... 429 The Tripartite Method of Bead Classification ……………………………………. 431 9.5 – Complex Typologies ……………………………………………..………… 435 9.6 – Archaeological Narrative ……………………………………...………….. 450 The Oldest Beads ………………………………………………………………… 450 Period I and the Ib-IIc Chronological Range ……………………………………... 452 Period IIa ……………………………………………………………………….… 458 Period IIb ……………………………………………………………………….… 475 Period IIc …………………………………………………………………………. 482 Period IIb-c ……………………………………………………………………….. 487 Period IIa-c ……………………………………………………………………….. 497 Period Post IIc ……………………………………………………………………. 505 Period III and Its Subdivisions …………………………………………………… 510 Period IV and Its Subdivisions …………………………………………………… 513 Period V: The Tylos Era ………………………………………………………….. 526 Chapter 10 – Conclusion ………………………………………………………... 558 6 Volume III Table of Contents ……………………………………………………………...… 574 List of Plates ……………………………………………………………………... 575 Statement of Copyright ………………………………………………………….. 577 Appendix 1a – Dataset of the Bahrain Sample (Part 1) ……………………… 578 Appendix 1b – Dataset of the
Recommended publications
  • For a Tin Ingot: the Archaeology of Oral Interpretation

    For a Tin Ingot: the Archaeology of Oral Interpretation

    Przekładaniec. A Journal of Literary Translation Special Issue (2013): 87–101 doi:10.4467/16891864ePC.13.039.1456 MARZENA CHROBAK FOR A TIN INGOT: THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF ORAL INTERPRETATION Abstract: This paper, based on research conducted by the pioneers of the history of oral interpreting (A. Hermann, I. Kurz) in the 1950s and on modern archaeological evidence, presents the earliest references to interpreters in the Bronze Age, in the Near East and the Mediterranean area (Mesopotamia, Egypt, Crete, Carthage). It discusses a Sumerian Early Dynastic List, a Sumerian-Eblaic glossary from Ebla, the Shu-ilishu’s Cylinder Seal, the inscriptions and reliefs from the Tombs of the Princes of Elephantine and of Horemheb, the mention of one-third of a mina of tin dispensed at Ugarit to the interpreter of Minoan merchants and the Hanno’s stele, as well as terms used by these early civilisations to denote an interpreter: eme-bal, targumannu, jmy-r(A) aw, and mls. Keywords: interpreting, archaeology, archaeological evidence, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Crete, Carthage, Bronze Age, Near East The year 1956 saw the publication of the inaugural volume of Contribu- tions to the History of Oral Interpretation (Beitrage Zur Geschichte des Dolmetschens), a monographic series of the Interpreter School, containing articles by A. Hermann, K. Thieme, and E. Glasser. These three authors, along with I. Kurz, are considered pioneers in the history of oral interpre- ting. Looking at the state of research in this fi eld fi fty years later, I believe that even though archaeology, which provides us with most of the infor- mation on ancient times, has brought about an overwhelming increase in knowledge, and the Internet revolution has made this knowledge widely accessible, present-day historians of oral interpretation content themselves with little more than citing their predecessors.
  • Interregional Interaction and Dilmun Power

    Interregional Interaction and Dilmun Power

    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 4-7-2014 Interregional Interaction and Dilmun Power in the Bronze Age: A Characterization Study of Ceramics from Bronze Age Sites in Kuwait Hasan Ashkanani University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Scholar Commons Citation Ashkanani, Hasan, "Interregional Interaction and Dilmun Power in the Bronze Age: A Characterization Study of Ceramics from Bronze Age Sites in Kuwait" (2014). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4980 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Interregional Interaction and Dilmun Power in the Bronze Age: A Characterization Study of Ceramics from Bronze Age Sites in Kuwait by Hasan J. Ashkanani A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Anthropology College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Robert H. Tykot, Ph.D. Thomas J. Pluckhahn, Ph.D. E. Christian Wells, Ph.D. Jonathan M. Kenoyer, Ph.D. Jeffrey Ryan, Ph.D. Date of Approval April 7, 2014 Keywords: Failaka Island, chemical analysis, pXRF, petrographic thin section, Arabian Gulf Copyright © 2014, Hasan J. Ashkanani DEDICATION I dedicate my dissertation work to the awaited savior, Imam Mohammad Ibn Al-Hasan, who appreciates knowledge and rejects all forms of ignorance.
  • The Dilmun Bioarchaeology Project: a First Look at the Peter B. Cornwall Collection at the Phoebe A

    The Dilmun Bioarchaeology Project: a First Look at the Peter B. Cornwall Collection at the Phoebe A

    UC Berkeley Postprints Title The Dilmun Bioarchaeology Project: A First Look at the Peter B. Cornwall Collection at the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2z06r9bj Journal Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy, 23(1) ISSN 09057196 Authors Porter, Benjamin W Boutin, Alexis T Publication Date 2012 DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0471.2011.00347.x Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Arab. arch. epig. 2012: 23: 35–49 (2012) Printed in Singapore. All rights reserved The Dilmun Bioarchaeology Project: a first look at the Peter B. Cornwall Collection at the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology This article presents an overview of the Peter B. Cornwall collection in the Phoebe A. Arabia Hearst Museum of Anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley. Cornwall Benjamin W. Porter conducted an archaeological survey and excavation project in eastern Saudi Arabia 240 Barrows Hall, #1940, and Bahrain in 1940 and 1941. At least twenty-four burial features were excavated in Department of Near Eastern Bahrain from five different tumuli fields, and surface survey and artefact collection Studies, University of California, took place on at least sixteen sites in Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. The skeletal evidence, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA objects and faunal remains were subsequently accessioned by the Hearst Museum. e-mail: [email protected] The authors recently formed the Dilmun Bioarchaeology Project to investigate this collection. This article provides background information on Cornwall?s expedition Alexis T. Boutin and an overview of the collection. Additionally, skeletal evidence and associated Stevenson Hall 2054A, Depart- objects from two tumuli in Bahrain, D1 and G20, are presented to illustrate the ment of Anthropology, Sonoma collection?s potential contribution.
  • E3 Voice 'Grave Concern'

    E3 Voice 'Grave Concern'

    TWITTER SPORTS @newsofbahrain WORLD 6 UAE to send rover to moon in 2022 INSTAGRAM Bahrain looking /newsofbahrain 15 ahead to Olympics LINKEDIN THURSDAY newsofbahrain APRIL, 2021 Kingdom joins rest 210 FILS of the world in WHATSAPP 3844 4692 ISSUE NO. 8807 marking 100 days until the start of FACEBOOK /nobmedia the Tokyo Olympic Games in Japan, MAIL which kicks off with [email protected] the opening ceremony WEBSITE on July 23 |P12 newsofbahrain.com Pacquiao, Crawford in talks for title fight in Abu Dhabi 11 SPORTS BUSINESS 5 BFC opens new branch in Riffa LuLu Mall His Majesty King Hamad receives Ramadan well-wishers Last update - 9:00 pm 14 April 2021 Individuals vaccinated (First dose) (Second dose) His Majesty King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa received at Safriya Palace yesterday Bahrain Defence Force (BDF) Commander- in-Chief Field Marshal Shaikh Khalifa bin Ahmed Al Khalifa, National Guard Commander General Shaikh Mohammed bin Isa Al Khalifa, Interior Minister General Shaikh Rashid bin Abdullah Al Khalifa, Defence Minister Lieutenant General Abdullah bin Hassan Al Nuaimi, National Intelligence Agency (NIA) Head Lieutenant General Adel bin Khalifa Al Fadhel, Chief of Staff Lieutenant General Dhiab bin Saqr Al Nuaimi, Public Security Chief Lieutenant General Taraq Hassan Al Hassan, National Guard Staff Director Major General Shaikh Abdulaziz bin Saud Al Khalifa and Strategic Security Agency Head Shaikh Ahmed bin Abdulaziz Al Khalifa, who extended to HM the King sincere congratulations marking the Holy Month of Ramadan. BAHRAIN TOTAL TESTED E3 voice ‘grave concern’ 3834581 ACTIVE CASES Iran moves to enrich uranium by up to 60 percent ‘an important step in nuclear weapon production’ 11302 Reuters | Paris fuges at Natanz, which will sig- said.
  • The Ancient Mesopotamian Place Name “Meluḫḫa”

    The Ancient Mesopotamian Place Name “Meluḫḫa”

    THE ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIAN PLACE NAME “meluḫḫa” Stephan Hillyer Levitt INTRODUCTION The location of the Ancient Mesopotamian place name “Meluḫḫa” has proved to be difficult to determine. Most modern scholars assume it to be the area we associate with Indus Valley Civilization, now including the so-called Kulli culture of mountainous southern Baluchistan. As far as a possible place at which Meluḫḫa might have begun with an approach from the west, Sutkagen-dor in the Dasht valley is probably as good a place as any to suggest (Possehl 1996: 136–138; for map see 134, fig. 1). Leemans argued that Meluḫḫa was an area beyond Magan, and was to be identified with the Sind and coastal regions of Western India, including probably Gujarat. Magan he identified first with southeast Arabia (Oman), but later with both the Arabian and Persian sides of the Gulf of Oman, thus including the southeast coast of Iran, the area now known as Makran (1960a: 9, 162, 164; 1960b: 29; 1968: 219, 224, 226). Hansman identifies Meluḫḫa, on the basis of references to products of Meluḫḫa being brought down from the mountains, as eastern Baluchistan in what is today Pakistan. There are no mountains in the Indus plain that in its southern extent is Sind. Eastern Baluchistan, on the other hand, is marked throughout its southern and central parts by trellised ridges that run parallel to the western edge of the Indus plain (1973: 559–560; see map [=fig. 1] facing 554). Thapar argues that it is unlikely that a single name would refer to the entire area of a civilization as varied and widespread as Indus Valley Civilization.
  • How Many People Live in Manama? and How Many Property Owners Are There? Who Is Allowed to Enter the City? and What’S the Density of Its Population?

    How Many People Live in Manama? and How Many Property Owners Are There? Who Is Allowed to Enter the City? and What’S the Density of Its Population?

    How many people live in Manama? And how many property owners are there? Who is allowed to enter the city? And what’s the density of its population? Ask the same questions for this “Bahrain” island over here! S a m e s c a l e ! They call this a private That’s OK. But just be … and did the property (owned by a reminded that it’s twice owner of it member of the ruling family) as big as Sadad village… pay for it?! This is Malkiyya. How many times of Malkiyya’s population can this area accommodate? But sorry… Not for sale! Owned by a ruling family member! Legal?!! What’s this?! It’s the King’s favorite property! It’s the size of Malkiyya, Karzakkan, Sadad and Shahrakkan together! What’s in there? Here you go… That’s right… An island! Look for the yacht… And note the size of it… A golf course… A horse track… … and the main facility Just to the near South of Bilaj Al-Jaza’er A’ALI Shahrakkan & part of Zallaq… The entire area is owned by Al-Khalifa Compare the size and color of the two areas! Southern part of Bahrain. Thinking of going there is trespassing! And hey! What’s that spot?! That’s THAT! Nasser Bin Hamad’s manor! How did he get it?!!! In the middle of nowhere… Rumaitha Palace (Hamad Bin Issa manor “one of them”) UOB F1 “Small” mansion! A little bit a bigger one. Compare the size of it against UOB and F1 track Constitution of Bahrain Article 11 [Natural Resources] All natural wealth and resources are State property.
  • Saudi Arabia.Pdf

    Saudi Arabia.Pdf

    A saudi man with his horse Performance of Al Ardha, the Saudi national dance in Riyadh Flickr / Charles Roffey Flickr / Abraham Puthoor SAUDI ARABIA Dec. 2019 Table of Contents Chapter 1 | Geography . 6 Introduction . 6 Geographical Divisions . 7 Asir, the Southern Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �7 Rub al-Khali and the Southern Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �8 Hejaz, the Western Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �8 Nejd, the Central Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 The Eastern Region � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 Topographical Divisions . .. 9 Deserts and Mountains � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �9 Climate . .. 10 Bodies of Water . 11 Red Sea � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Persian Gulf � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Wadis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 11 Major Cities . 12 Riyadh � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �12 Jeddah � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �13 Mecca � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
  • The Dilmun Burial Mounds of Bahrain

    The Dilmun Burial Mounds of Bahrain

    DigIt Volume 2, Issue 1 Journal of the Flinders Archaeological Society June 2014 ISSN 2203-1898 Contents Original research articles The Dead Beneath the Floor: The use of space for burial in the Dominican Blackfriary, Trim, Co. Meath, Ireland 2 Emma M. Lagan The Dilmun Burial Mounds of Bahrain: An introduction to the site and the importance of awareness raising towards 12 successful preservation Melanie Münzner New Approaches to the Celtic Urbanisation Process 19 Clara Filet Yup’ik Eskimo Kayak Miniatures: Preliminary notes on kayaks from the Nunalleq site 28 Celeste Jordan The Contribution of Chert Knapped Stone Studies at Çatalhöyük to notions of territory and group mobility in 34 prehistoric Central Anatolia Sonia Ostaptchouk Figuring Out the Figurines: Towards the interpretation of Neolithic corporeality in the Republic of Macedonia 49 Goce Naumov Research essay Inert, Inanimate, Invaluable: How stone artefact analyses have informed of Australia’s past 61 Simon Munt Field reports Kani Shaie Archaeological Project: New fieldwork in Iraqi Kurdistan 66 Steve Rennette A Tale of Two Cities 68 Ilona Bartsch Dig It dialogue An Interview with Brian Fagan 69 Jordan Ralph Reviews Spencer and Gillen: A journey through Aboriginal Australia 71 Gary Jackson The Future’s as Bright as the Smiles: National Archaeology Student Conference 2014 73 Chelsea Colwell-Pasch ArchSoc news 76 Journal profile: Chronika DigIt78 Editorial President’s Address What an exciting and transformative 6 months for Dig It! Our I would firstly like to say welcome to our new and continuing Journal simultaneously became peer-reviewed, international, members for 2014. We look forward to delivering an outstanding and larger – including more pages and including more people service of both professional development and social networking into the editorial process.
  • President El Sisi Visits Bahrain National Museum

    President El Sisi Visits Bahrain National Museum

    SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 2018 02 Bolstering historic ties President El Sisi visits Bahrain National Museum His Majesty and President El Sisi being received at the Bahrain National Museum. El Sisi writes in the VIP Visitor Book at the museum in the presence of His Majesty. Bahrain National Museum President El Sisi wrote a HM the King and President and were briefed by (BACA) Khalifa on the exhibition and photos showcasing few• words in the VIP Visitor the unique Pearl Trail, which features on the Un- El• Sisi held cordial talks President Shaikha Mai bint Book. He expressed delight in esco list of World Heritage Sites. which centered on strong Mohammed Al Khalifa on the visiting the Bahrain National It is also the cornerstone of efforts aimed at historic relations binding renovating the old town in the governorate of exhibition and photos showcasing Museum, which is of the oldest in Bahrain and Egypt. the unique Pearl Trail, which Muharraq. the Arabian Gulf region, where The Pearl Trail exhibition, being held at the features on the Unesco list Bahrain’s history is displayed. Bahrain National Museum, showcases the en- The two leaders toured the of World Heritage Sites. visioned architectural site through miniatures, • photos, studies conducted on the project. Manama Shaikha Mai stressed the BACA drive to imple- ment the directives of HM the King to document is Majesty King Hamad bin Isa Al Bahrain’s longstanding culture and civilization Khalifa and Egyptian President Abdel and protecting them as a source of inspiration for HFattah El Sisi on Thursday visited Bah- future generations.
  • Country Advice

    Country Advice

    Country Advice Bahrain Bahrain – BHR39737 – 14 February 2011 Protests – Treatment of Protesters – Treatment of Shias – Protests in Australia Returnees – 30 January 2012 1. Please provide details of the protest(s) which took place in Bahrain on 14 February 2011, including the exact location of protest activities, the time the protest activities started, the sequence of events, the time the protest activities had ended on the day, the nature of the protest activities, the number of the participants, the profile of the participants and the reaction of the authorities. The vast majority of protesters involved in the 2011 uprising in Bahrain were Shia Muslims calling for political reforms.1 According to several sources, the protest movement was led by educated and politically unaffiliated youth.2 Like their counterparts in other Arab countries, they used modern technology, including social media networks to call for demonstrations and publicise their demands.3 The demands raised during the protests enjoyed, at least initially, a large degree of popular support that crossed religious, sectarian and ethnic lines.4 On 29 June 2011 Bahrain‟s King Hamad issued a decree establishing the Bahrain Independent Commission of Investigation (BICI) which was mandated to investigate the events occurring in Bahrain in February and March 2011.5 The BICI was headed by M. Cherif Bassiouni and four other internationally recognised human rights experts.6 1 Amnesty International 2011, Briefing paper – Bahrain: A human rights crisis, 21 April, p.2 http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE11/019/2011/en/40555429-a803-42da-a68d-
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com09/30/2021 08:34:39PM Via Free Access 484 Bibliography

    Downloaded from Brill.Com09/30/2021 08:34:39PM Via Free Access 484 Bibliography

    Bibliography Aghaie, K. S. 2004. The Martyrs of Karbala. Shi‘i Symbols and Rituals in Modern Iran. Seattle: University of Washington Press. Aghaie, K. S. 2005. Introduction: Gendered Aspects of the Emergence and Historical Development of Shi‘i Symbols and Rituals. (In), Aghaie, K. S. (ed.), The Women of Karbala. Austin: University of Texas Press, pp. 1–21. Ali, Z. 1994. Islamic Art in Southeast Asia 830 AD–1570 AD. Kuala Lumpur: Ministry of Education Malaysia. Allan, J. W. 2012. The Art and Architecture of Twelver Shi‘ism: Iraq, Iran and the Indian Sub- Continent. London: Azimuth Editions. Allan, J. W. 2013. Foreword. Anthropology of the Contemporary Middle East and Central Eurasia 1 (2): ix–xiii. Bauden, F. 2011. Inscriptions Arabes d’Éthiopie. Annales Islamologiques 45: 285–306. Belgrave, J. 1973. Welcome to Bahrain (8th edition). London: The Augustan Press. Bent, J. T. 1984 (1890). The Bahrein Islands in the Persian Gulf. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society 12: 1–19. Reprinted in, Rice, M. (ed.), Dilmun Discovered. London: Longman, pp. 69–87. Bent, M. V. (Brisch, G. [ed.]). 2010. The Travel Chronicles of Mrs J. Theodore Bent. Volume III: Southern Arabia and Persia. Oxford: Archaeopress. Betteridge, A. H. 1992. Specialists in Miraculous Action: Some Shrines in Shiraz. (In), Morinis, A. (ed.), Sacred Journeys. The Anthropology of Pilgrimage. Westport: Greenwood Press, pp. 189–209. Bibby, G. 1996. Looking for Dilmun. London: Stacey International. Bittar, T. 2003. Pierres et Stucs Épigraphiés. Paris: Réunions des Musées Nationaux. Blair, S. 1998. Islamic Inscriptions. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Boucharlat, R., and Salles, J-F.
  • US Embassy Bahrain Demonstration Notice 86

    US Embassy Bahrain Demonstration Notice 86

    U.S. Embassy Bahrain Demonstration Notice 86 – June 28, 2012 Spontaneous demonstrations take place in Bahrain from time to time in response to world events or local developments. United States citizens should keep current with media coverage of local events and be aware of their surroundings at all times. If you encounter a large public gathering or demonstration, depart the vicinity immediately. On Thursday 28 June at 1700 hours, wide spread demonstrations are expected / planned in Bani Jamra, Sitra, Nabih Saleh, Tubli, A’Ali, Dar Kulaib, Mugaba, Karranah, Abu Saiba, Jidhaffs, Bilad Al Qadeem, Diraz, Juffair, Naim and Dair. (Yellow Circles) On Friday 29 June at 1700 hours, a march is planned from the Shakhoora/Jannusan Roundabout to Sar Roundabout. (Green) In addition to the prohibited areas outlined in previous demonstration notices, U.S. citizen Embassy employees will be prohibited from traveling along all of Budaiya Highway and Avenue 35, as well as portions of Janubiya Highway and Avenue 77, from 1600 hours Thursday 28 June to 0600 hours Friday 29 June, and then again from 1600 hours on Friday 29 June to 0600 hours on Saturday 30 June – as indicated by the shaded yellow areas on the map below. There have been no direct attacks on U.S. citizens; however, spontaneous and at times violent anti-government demonstrations occur in some neighborhoods, particularly at night and on weekends. These demonstrations have included blockades of major highways with burning debris and establishment of unofficial checkpoints. Participants have thrown rocks and Molotov cocktails and used various other homemade weapons, including isolated use of improvised explosive devices.