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Qal'at Al-Bahrain Archaeological Site

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Qal'at Al-Bahrain Archaeological Site Kingdom of Bahrain Ministry of Information, Directorate of Culture & National Heritage QAL’AT AL-BAHRAIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE — II — Site Management Plan submitted to THE WORLD HERITAGE CENTRE, UNESCO January 2004 Qal’at al-Bahrain Archaeological Site. I — Management Plan submitted to the World Heritage Center) 1 QAL’AT AL-BAHRAIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE A Candidature submitted to THE WORLD HERITAGE CENTRE, UNESCO by The Ministry of Information, Directorate of Culture & National Heritage (Kingdom of Bahrain) — Volume II — Management Plan Qal’at al-Bahrain Archaeological Site. I — Management Plan submitted to the World Heritage Center) 2 Management Plan for the Site of Qal’at al-Bahrain 1 — Introduction …………………………………………………………………………… 5 A - A Brief Introduction of Site & Context ……………………………..…….. 5 B - Nature of a Management Plan …………………………….……….……... 5 2 — In Preparation of a Management Plan for the Site of Qal’at al-Bahrain (Management Plan Process Methodology) ……………………………..…………. 7 A - Identification, Observations, & Description …………..………………… 7 i. Identification of Key Players and Actors (Stakeholder Analysis) …….……. 9 ii. The Need for Continuous Documentation ………………………………….. 10 B - Assessment & Analysis ………………………………………….….……….. 10 i. Continuous Assessment of Significance ………………………….………… 10 ii. Assessment of Potential Future Threats & Challenges …………....…..…… 11 - Development Pressures ………………………………………...…..… 11 - Environmental Pressures ………………………………….…………. 14 iii. Assessment of Previous Conservation Work (state of conservation & consolidation) …………………….………………….………………….. 14 iv. Environmental Impact Assessment ……………….………………………… 15 v. Management Context Assessment (Constrains & Opportunities) ……..…. 15 3 — The Management Plan for the Site of Qal’at al-Bahrain ……………..….………….. 15 A - Defining of Management Policies for the Site of Qal’at al-Bahrain …. 15 B - Management Plan Strategies & Mechanism ……………………………… 15 i. Ownership …………………………………………………….….………….. 15 ii. Legal Status ………………………………………………………..………… 16 iii. Protective Measures and Means for Implementing Them ……....………….. 17 iv. Existing “Development" Plans Related to the Site (protective & mitigation measures) ………………………………………………..………. 17 - The "North City" & Negotiation and Coordination Mechanisms …….... 17 - Establishment of a Buffer Zone (Controlled Urban Growth) as a Mitigation Measure …………………………………..…………….…… 18 - Environmental Mitigation Measures ………………………..………….. 20 v. Sources and Levels of Finance …………………………………………..……. 21 vi. Sources of Expertise & Training in Conservation & Management Techniques ……………………………………………………………...……. 21 vii. Visitor Facilities & Experience at the Site …………….…………….…..…. 22 - The Planned "Visitor Center" (Site Museum) ………………………….. 22 - Other Facilities & Programs (Tourism Promotion & Visitor Management) ………………………………………………..…………. 22 Qal’at al-Bahrain Archaeological Site. I — Management Plan submitted to the World Heritage Center) 3 viii. Policies & Programs Related to the Presentation, Conservation, and Promotion of the Site ……………………………………..………….. 23 - Continuous Conservation/Consolidation Works & Future Excavations ……………………………………….……….……….….. 23 - Interpretation & Presentation Mechanisms ………………….…….….. 24 . Interpretation/Presentation Techniques & Promotional Material ……... 25 . The Visitor Center & Its Role in Site Presentation and Interpretation……. 25 . Promotion of Traditional Crafts & Agricultural Industries …………….. 25 - The "Golden Jubilee Celebration" for the Discovery of the Dilmun Civilization …………………………………………………………... 26 ix. Staffing Levels (Professional, Technical, Maintenance) …………………….. 27 - Staffing Levels & Job Description ……………………………………….. 27 - Research & Assessment ………………………………………..……….. 28 - Coordination ……………………………………..…………………….. 28 x. Future Monitoring ……………………………………………………………. 29 - Key Indicators for Measuring State of Conservation ………………….... 29 - Administrative Arrangement for Monitoring of the Site ……………….. 29 4 — List of Maps ……………………………………………………………………………… 31 a - Map Showing Bahrain with Main Locations (Size A4) b - Main Features of Site & Surroundings (Size A3) c - Aerial Photographs from the 1960s with Site Features (Size A4) d - Aerial Photographs from the 1970s with Site Features (Size A4) e - The Qala’at al-Bahrain Tell, and the Location of Different “City Wall Excavations (Size A4) f - Existing Zoning & Land-use (Size A3) g - Ownership Document of 1993 (with English Translation) (Size A3) h -Ownership Map of the Site Owned by the Ministry of Information (Size A3) i - Ownership Map Juxtaposed on “Site Features” Map (Size A3) j - Ownership Map Showing Future Land Acquisition Planned by the Ministry of Information (Size A4) k - Illustrating the Planned Visitor Center (Exterior and Interior Shots) (Size A3) l - Illustrating the Planned Visitor Center (Two-Dimensional Drawings) (Size A3) m - Geographical Relationship between the Site & the Planned "New North City" (Size A4) n - Letter of Assurance from the Northern Area Municipality Regarding Impact of the Planned North City on the Site (with English Translation) (Size A3) o - Proposed Management Plan Zoning with Buffer Zone (Size A3) p - Flow Chart: Details of Staffing Units Proposed for the Site of Qal’at al-Bahrain and the Visitor Center (Size A3) Qal’at al-Bahrain Archaeological Site. I — Management Plan submitted to the World Heritage Center) 4 q - Flow Chart: Management Plan for the Site of Qal’at al-Bahrain (Size A3) r – New Island project offshore Qal’at al-Bahrain (Size A4) 5— List of Images and Photographs ……………………………………………….……… 50 a - Group 1: Panoramic Views of the Overall Site b - Group 2: Approach to the Site c - Group 3: Main Site Features d - Group 4: Nearby Local Community (Strip of Housing) e - Group 5: Conservation/Consolidation Work f - Group 6: Features from within the Buffer Zone g - Group 7: Features from Beyond (outside) the Buffer Zone h - Group 8: Traditional Arts & Crafts From Around the Site i - Group 9: Tourists Visiting the Site j - Curatorial Management of Archaeological Findings at the Material Conservation Lab of Bahrain National Museum. 6 — Bibliography (Documentation of Resources) ………………………………….……… 76 a - Resources on Cultural Site Management and Management & Planning for Archaeological Sites b - Books & Articles on Bahrain and Qal’at al-Bahrain (complements to the bibliography provided in the Nomination File) c - Resources on World Heritage List Nomination Processes & World Heritage Sites d - Tourist Promotion Material Qal’at al-Bahrain Archaeological Site. I — Management Plan submitted to the World Heritage Center) 5 Management Plan for the Site of Qal’at al-Bahrain 1. Introduction The Management Plan will offer a collective vision and provide a decision making tool that would guide future excavations, conservation and intervention on the site. It is value-driven and through a participatory and interdisciplinary process will balance conservation needs and tourism development demands. Being a collective vision to the management of cultural and natural sites, the management plan provides an anchor to accommodate how different stakeholders relate to the site and to its management. A — A Brief Introduction of Site & Context The site of Qal’at al-Bahrain is considered Bahrain's most ancient and largest site. The site demonstrates a rich diversity of mainly cultural and archaeological but also natural resources as well. Main features include the Ancient remains from the Early Dilmun (c. 2500 B. C.), Middle Dilmun (c. 1400), Late Dilmun (c. 800) cultures, Tylos (Classical) periods around the turn of the First Century, Islamic periods, and up to the Bahraini contemporary periods. In addition to the main Qal’at al-Bahrain and the ongoing excavation of the ancient Dilmun, Tylos and Middle Islamic levels at the foot of the Main Fortress (“Bahrain Fort”), the site also includes the Coastal Fortress as well as disconnected remains of the ancient Dilmun City Wall. The local village and community adjacent to the site, Palm Tree groves (Bustans), nearby communities living in the traditional villages of Karbabad and Karranah, and the distinctive shore line that extends for miles with continuous traditional fishing activities, movement of migrant birds and other significant flora and fauna, can be also closely associated with Qal’at al-Bahrain site. B — Nature of a Management Plan An effective Management Plan should be capable not only of guiding policy makers and planners involved with the site but should also engage with the fullest variety of stakeholders in order to secure a long term and sustainable future for the site of Qal’at al-Bahrain. While internationally recognized for its significance, the site also needs to be treasured at the local level as emblematic of civic pride. This locates Qal’at al-Bahrain Archaeological Site. I — Management Plan submitted to the World Heritage Center) 6 the site between both global (external) and local (internal) stakeholders. The former would include tourists, visiting researchers and students, while the latter would include the neighboring local communities and relevant landowners in addition to local authorities and agencies responsible for its management. Thus in drawing up the Management Plan for the site the following 3 broad principles should be adhered to: (1) The Plan allows each stakeholder group to engage constructively with the site while recognizing the overall need to protect, enhance and inform. The Plan will require the backing of all stakeholders. (2) The Plan takes an integrative approach to the
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