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The Cultural Sustainability: Merzifon Anatolia College, Turkey Gizem Özerol1 , Aysu Akalın Abstract
ARTICLE ISSN 2651 - 5210 MODULAR 2019;2(2):21-45 The Cultural Sustainability: Merzifon Anatolia College, Turkey Gizem Özerol1, Aysu Akalın2 Received: 19 November 2019 - Accepted: 17 December 2019 Abstract The article proposes an analysis of the role of American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) during the late Ottoman and the early nationalist (Republican) Turkey and focusses especially on the ABCFM organization and the role of Protestant missionaries, which they succeeded in establishing autonomous schools, hospitals, clinics, orphanages, lodgings and ateliers not only in the capitals, but also in provinces. The American Board began evangelism among Armenians, and the education and the social services became part of the Protestant movement in the Near East. Following efforts to Christianize the nations through evangelism, in the mid of 19th century, Merzifon (Marsovan) province was chosen due to its location in the middle of Anatolia and Merzifon Anatolia College was designed as an important ‘station’ in order to support the American missionary movements. Then, between the years 1886 and 1938, ABCFM built strong connections with Anatolia College in Merzifon to gain a very important strategic position. In the context of the First World War, the function of the Anatolia College buildings has changed for different aims; the military used these buildings as the Artillery Regiment. After the war the ABCFM’s network broke down but its strong contribution to present education in Turkey is inevitable. The site as a heritage is still an active part of the city’s cultural life with some existing buildings of ABCFM supporting culture and education. -
The American Protestant Missionary Network in Ottoman Turkey, 1876-1914
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 4, No. 6(1); April 2014 The American Protestant Missionary Network in Ottoman Turkey, 1876-1914 Devrim Ümit PhD Assistant Professor Founding and Former Chair Department of International Relations Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Karabuk University Turkey Abstract American missionaries have long been the missing link in the study of the late Ottoman period despite the fact that they left their permanent trade in American as well as Western conceptions of the period such as “Terrible Turk” and “Red Sultan” just to name a few. From the landing of the first two American Protestant missionaries, Levi Parsons and Pliny Fisk, on the Ottoman Empire, as a matter of fact on the Near East, in early 1820, until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, American missionaries occupied the increasing attention of the Ottoman bureaucracy in domestic and foreign affairs while the mission work in the Ottoman Empire established the largest investment of the American Board of Commissionaries for Foreign Missions (A.B.C.F.M.) in the world, even above China and India, on the eve of the war. The bulk of the correspondence of the Ottoman Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the period was with the United States and this was chiefly concerned about the American mission schools. Therefore, this paper seeks to examine the encounter between the Ottoman officialdom and the American Protestant missionaries in Ottoman Turkey during the successive regimes of Sultan Abdülhamid II and the Committee of Union and Progress, the Unionists in the period of 1876-1914. -
Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106
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American Missionaries in Marash on the Eve of the Great War
AMERICAN MISSIONARIES IN MARASH ON THE EVE OF THE GREAT WAR A Master’s Thesis by ÇAĞLA KILIÇ Department of International Relations İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University Ankara June 2017 To my family… AMERICAN MISSIONARIES IN MARASH ON THE EVE OF THE GREAT WAR The Graduate School of Economics and Social Sciences of İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University by ÇAĞLA KILIÇ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS İHSAN DOĞRAMACI BILKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA June 2017 ABSTRACT AMERICAN MISSIONARIES IN MARASH ON THE EVE OF THE GREAT WAR Kılıç, Çağla M.A., Department of International Relations Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Onur İşçi June 2017 This thesis investigates the area of Marash from the eyes of the missionaries when the Ottoman Empire was approaching to the First World War, between 1913 and 1915. Was the crisis that the Ottomans faced an opportunity for the missionary organizations? It aims to demonstrate the demographical change, the psychology of the local population, the attitudes of the missionaries, the system in the schools and hospitals and how the local Ottoman population handled the war crises. This was done by revealing various untapped archives. Methodologically, the archival research employed in this thesis can be regarded as a qualitative, historical analysis. Some of the missionary letters, correspondences and annual meeting reports were investigated by utilizing screening method at the microfilm archives. Five main primary sources were utilized in this thesis. Firstly, letters and correspondences from Bilkent University, Library microfilm archives and online archives of the Universities were used. -
America and the Armenian Genocide of 1915
This page intentionally left blank America and the Armenian Genocide of 1915 Before Rwanda and Bosnia, and before the Holocaust, the first genocide of the twentieth century happened in Turkish Armenia in 1915, when approximately one million people were killed. This volume is the first account of the American response to this atrocity. The first part sets up the framework for understanding the genocide: Sir Martin Gilbert, Vahakn Dadrian, and Jay Winter provide an analytical setting for nine scholarly essays examining how Americans learned of this catastrophe and how they tried to help its victims. Knowledge and compassion, though, were not enough to stop the killings. A terrible precedent was born in 1915, one which has come to haunt the United States and other Western countries throughout the twentieth century and beyond. To read the chapters in this volume is chastening: the dilemmas Americans faced when confronting evil on an unprecedented scale are not very different from the dilemmas we face today. is Professor of History at Yale University, a former Reader in Modern History at the University of Cambridge, and Fellow of Pembroke College, Cambridge. He is the author of many books on the First World War, including Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: The Great War in European Cultural History and, with Jean-Louis Robert, Capital Cities at War: Paris, London, Berlin 1914–1919. He was chief historian and co-producer for the Emmy-award winning television series “The Great War and the shaping of the twentieth century,” first screened on PBS and the BBC in 1996, and subsequently broadcast in twenty-seven countries. -
American Foreign Missions to the Armenians of The
AMERICAN FOREIGN MISSIONS TO THE ARMENIANS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: FASHIONING THE MODEL OF EDUCATED CHRISTIAN WOMANHOOD IN THE EAST IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY A Master’s Thesis by SARAH ZEYNEP GÜVEN Department of History İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University Ankara January 2018 i AMERICAN FOREIGN MISSIONS TO THE ARMENIANS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: FASHIONING THE MODEL OF EDUCATED CHRISTIAN WOMANHOOD IN THE EAST IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY The Graduate School of Economics and Social Sciences of İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University by SARAH ZEYNEP GÜVEN In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY İHSAN DOĞRAMACI BİLKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA January 2018 ii ABSTRACT AMERICAN FOREIGN MISSIONS TO THE ARMENIANS OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: FASHIONING THE MODEL OF EDUCATED CHRISTIAN WOMANHOOD IN THE EAST IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY Güven, Sarah Zeynep M.A., Department of History Supervisor: Asst. Prof. Dr. Kenneth Weisbrode January 2018 The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM) was one of the first establishments to introduce a Western-style educational system to the peoples of the Ottoman Empire. This thesis is an examination of the emergence of interest in foreign missions among American women in particular, and the latter’s contribution to missionary activities. It seeks to determine how and why educational facilities for Armenian females were established and their social and religious impact, largely from the perspective of the missionaries themselves. It looks at how iii contact with Armenians prompted adjustments in missionary approaches and policies towards educational missions. -
Ottoman Official Attitudes Towards American Missionaries
Ottoman Official Attitudes Towards American Missionaries Cagri Erhan Introduction The history of Turkish-American relations go back to the 1790s when American sailors met with Turks in North Africa (Barbary Coast). During the period between 1800 and 1830s American travelers and merchants frequently visited Turkish harbors, such as Izmir (Smyrna), Alexandria and Beirut. However, official diplomatic relations were not inaugurated until 1830 when the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation was signed in Istanbul and a charge d’affaires, David Porter was appointed as the American representative to the Sublime Porte (the Ottoman Court) in 1831.1 Along with the commercial relations, American mission- ary efforts in the Ottoman lands always occupied a high place in the bilateral agenda. In fact, most of the diplomatic con- flicts in the nineteenth and early twentieth century Turkish- American relations originated from the American missionar- ies’ gradually expanding activities and the Ottoman attitudes towards them. This paper, after a brief survey on the expansion of the missionary activities in the Ottoman Empire, will touch upon the main points of dispute between the Sublime Porte and the missionaries under three headings: “Missionaries and Cagri Erhan, Le c t u re r Dep a r tment of International Rel a t i o n s Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey 315 Ottoman Subjects”; “Missionary Schools and other Facilities” and “Publishing Activities of the Missionaries”. Finally it will evaluate the affects of American missionary activities through- out Ottoman lands. When the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (ABCFM, the Board) was formed in Boston by members of the Congregational, Presbyterian and Reformed churches in 1810, its main target was to evangelize the Indians and Catholics on the American continent. -
American Missionaries in Turkey and Northern Syria and the Development of Central Turkey and Aleppo Colleges, 1874-1967
W&M ScholarWorks Undergraduate Honors Theses Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 8-2008 American Missionaries in Turkey and Northern Syria and the Development of Central Turkey and Aleppo Colleges, 1874-1967 Judd W. Kennedy College of William and Mary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses Part of the Near and Middle Eastern Studies Commons Recommended Citation Kennedy, Judd W., "American Missionaries in Turkey and Northern Syria and the Development of Central Turkey and Aleppo Colleges, 1874-1967" (2008). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 851. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/851 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. American Missionaries in Turkey & Northern Syria and the Development of Central Turkey and Aleppo Colleges, 1874 - 1967 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honors in Global Studies: Middle Eastern Studies from the College of William and Mary in Virginia by Judd W. Kennedy Accepted for: _____________________________ (Honors, High Honors, Highest Honors) _____________________________ Abdul-Karim Rafeq, Director _____________________________ David McCarthy _____________________________ Tamara Sonn Williamsburg, Virginia April 23, 2008 Acknowledgements & Preface The origins of this work ironically began with an Al-Jazeera special on the American film “Jesus Camp.” I was studying in Damascus and had gone over to a friend’s house to practice Arabic vocabulary. While the concept of the film intrigued me, the most interesting aspect of the show was the reaction it generated from my friend’s Syrian host family. -