ROMANS F/ 52 PART L: the KINGS of ROME
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753To 510B.C
KINGDOM OF ROME 753 TO 510 B.C. FOUNDING OF ROME TO EXILE OF TARQUINS ERA SUMMARY – KINGDOM OF ROME The stories surrounding the earliest years of the kingdom of Rome are steeped in legend, but they add much romance and interest to the history of the city that grew to be the capital of the western world. According to legend, the founder of Rome was Romulus, son of Mars and descended from Venus on his mother's side. After a dramatic childhood, during which they were raised by humble shepherds, Romulus and his twin brother Remus discovered they were of royal descent and decided to found a city on the hill on which they spent their youth. In order to attract citizens to come and live in his city, Romulus declared Rome a sanctuary. Men in debt; slaves ill-treated by their masters, criminals on the lam, all were granted citizenship and protected from their enemies. In this manner, Rome grew quickly. Romulus solved the problem of a severe shortage of women by kidnapping maidens from the surrounding villages. This unsurprisingly caused wars with many of Rome's neighbors, most importantly the Sabines. The happy outcome of the War with the Sabines, however, proved to be the joining of the two nations into one. The Sabines were given one of the hills of Rome to settle, and after the rule of Romulus the well-respected Sabine philosopher, Numa Pompilius, became king. Numa's reign was long and prosperous for Rome. The city had already established itself as a warlike TARQUIN AND THE SIBYLLINE BOOKS nation, always ready to defend and expand its territory. -
Women in Roman History STUDY GUIDE
Classics 326: Women in Roman history STUDY GUIDE 1. Early Rome L&F 275 rape of the Sabine women establishes the first Roman wives and families and is reenacted in marriage rituals. Rape was staged at the Consualia, (Plutarch says it was the August 21 Consualia; there was also one celebrated on Dec. 15) the festival of Consus, the god of storing things in jars for the future. Pandora and Sabine women are both the story of establishing marriage and establishing civilized life. What similarities and differences do you see between the two stories? What explanations might there be for these similarities and differences? 2. Foundation of the Republic 509/8 expulsion of kings in the aftermath of the Rape of Lucretia L&F189 The last king of Rome was Tarquinius Superbus. He was the last king because his son, Sextus Tarquinius, raped Lucretia, and her husband Collatinus and Brutus led a revolt against the king. A state problem (kings) is redefined as a wife problem (rape) and the solving of the wife problem (avenging Lucretia's rape and subsequent suicide) creates a solution to the state problem, a republic where the first two consuls are, precisely, Brutus and Collatinus (you can guess that the Brutus who later assassinated Caesar made a lot of his 'republic' establishing credentials in the aftermath of getting rid of Caesar on the grounds that he had been threatening the republic. Why does Lucretia commit suicide? 2.1. Cloelia (L&F 188) After the king was expelled as a result of the rape of Lucretia, he took refuge with a neighboring Etruscan king (Lars Porsena) and incited him to attack Rome. -
Horatius at the Bridge” by Thomas Babington Macauley
A Charlotte Mason Plenary Guide - Resource for Plutarch’s Life of Publicola Publius Horatius Cocles was an officer in the Roman Army who famously defended the only bridge into Rome against an attack by Lars Porsena and King Tarquin, as recounted in Plutarch’s Life of Publicola. There is a very famous poem about this event called “Horatius at the Bridge” by Thomas Babington Macauley. It was published in Macauley’s book Lays of Ancient Rome in 1842. HORATIUS AT THE BRIDGE By Thomas Babington Macauley I LARS Porsena of Clusium By the Nine Gods he swore That the great house of Tarquin Should suffer wrong no more. By the Nine Gods he swore it, And named a trysting day, And bade his messengers ride forth, East and west and south and north, To summon his array. II East and west and south and north The messengers ride fast, And tower and town and cottage Have heard the trumpet’s blast. Shame on the false Etruscan Who lingers in his home, When Porsena of Clusium Is on the march for Rome. III The horsemen and the footmen Are pouring in amain From many a stately market-place; From many a fruitful plain; From many a lonely hamlet, Which, hid by beech and pine, 1 www.cmplenary.com A Charlotte Mason Plenary Guide - Resource for Plutarch’s Life of Publicola Like an eagle’s nest, hangs on the crest Of purple Apennine; IV From lordly Volaterae, Where scowls the far-famed hold Piled by the hands of giants For godlike kings of old; From seagirt Populonia, Whose sentinels descry Sardinia’s snowy mountain-tops Fringing the southern sky; V From the proud mart of Pisae, Queen of the western waves, Where ride Massilia’s triremes Heavy with fair-haired slaves; From where sweet Clanis wanders Through corn and vines and flowers; From where Cortona lifts to heaven Her diadem of towers. -
The Puppet Show of Memory
CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE Cornell University Library DA 574.B25A3 1922 Puppet show of memor 3 1924 028 027 245 The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028027245 THE PUPPET SHOW OF MEMORY By the same Author THE BLACK PRINCE GASTON DE FOIX MAHASENA COLLECTED POEMS DESIDERIO POEMS—1914-1919 TRANSLATIONS ANCIENT AND MODERN WITH THE RUSSIANS IN MANCHURIA A YEAR IN RUSSIA THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE LANDMARKS IN RUSSIAN LITERATURE AN OUTLINE OF RUSSIAN LITERATURE RUSSIAN ESSAYS AND STUDIES THE GLASS MENDER FORGET-ME-NOT AND LILY OF THE VALLEY ORPHEUS IN MAYFAIR DEAD LETTERS DIMINUTIVE DRAMAS LOST DIARIES THE GREY STOCKING PASSING BY R.F.C. H.Q. OVERLOOKED THE PUPPET SHOW OF MEMORY BY MAURICE BARING LONDON: WILLIAM HEINEMANN NOTE MY thanks are due to Messrs. Methuen for allowing me to use in Chapters XVI.-XIX. some matter which has already appeared in A Year in Russia and Russian Essays, two books published by them; to Mr. Leo Maxe for allowing me to use an article on Sarah Bernhardt which appeared in the National Review, and has been re-written for this book; to Father C. C. Martindale and Mr. Desmond McCarthy for kindly cor- recting the proofs. M. B. CONTENTS PAGE I. The Nursery .... I II. The Nursery and the Schoolroom . M III. Membland ... 31 IV. Membland ... -
Under the Influence of Art: the Effect of the Statues of Horatius Cocles and Cloelia on Valerius
Under the Influence of Art: The Effect of the Statues of Horatius Cocles and Cloelia on Valerius Maximus’ Facta et Dicta Memorabilia In his work, Facta et Dicta Memorabilia, Valerius Maximus stated in the praefatio of his chapter “De Fortitudine” that he will discuss the great deeds of Romulus, but cannot do so without bringing up one example first; someone whose similarly great deeds helped save Rome (3.2.1-2). This great man is Horatius Cocles. Valerius Maximus noted that he must next talk about another hero, Cloelia, after Horatius Cocles because they fight the same enemy, at the same time, at the same place, and both perform facta memorabilia to save Rome (3.2.2-3). Valerius Maximus mentioned Horatius Cocles and Cloelia together, as if they are a joined pair that cannot be separated. Yet there is another legendary figure, Mucius Scaevola, who also fights the same enemy, at the same time, and also performs facta memorabilia to save Rome. It is strange both that Valerius Maximus seemed compelled to unite Cloelia with the mention of Horatius Cocles, and also that he did not include Mucius Scaevola. Instead, Scaevola’s story is at the beginning of the next chapter (3.3.1). Traditionally these three heroes, Horatius Cocles, Cloelia, and Mucius Scaevola, were mentioned together by historians such as Livy and Dionysius of Halicarnassus, whose works predate Valerius Maximus’ (Ab Urbe Condita 2.10-13, Roman Antiquities 5.23-35). Valerius Maximus was able to split up the triad, despite the tradition, without receiving flack because it had already been done by Virgil in the Aeneid, where he described the dual images of Cocles and Cloelia on Aeneas’ shield, but Scaevola is absent (8.646-651). -
Polybius: the Histories Translated by W
Polybius: The Histories Translated by W. R. Paton From BOOK ONE own existence. The Lacedaemonians, after AD previous chroniclers neglected to having for many years disputed the hegemony speak in praise of History in general, of Greece, at length attained it but to hold it H it might perhaps have been necessary uncontested for scarce twelve years. The for me to recommend everyone to choose for Macedonian rule in Europe extended but from study and welcome such treatises as the the Adriatic to the Danube, which would present, since there is no more ready appear a quite insignificant portion of the corrective of conduct than knowledge of the continent. Subsequently, by overthrowing the past. But all historians, one may say without Persian empire they became supreme in Asia exception, and in no half-hearted manner, but also. But though their empire was now making this the beginning and end of their regarded as the greatest in extent and power labor, have impressed on us that the soundest that had ever existed, they left the larger part education and training for a life of active of the inhabited world as yet outside it. For politics is the study of History, and that the they never even made a single attempt on surest and indeed the only method of learning Sicily, Sardinia, or Africa, and the most how to bear bravely the vicissitudes of warlike nations of Western Europe were, to fortune, is to recall the calamities of others. speak the simple truth, unknown to them. But Evidently therefore one, and least of all the Romans have subjected to their rule not myself, would think it his duty at this day to portions, but nearly the whole of the world, repeat what has been so well and so often said. -
Lays of Ancient Rome
Lays of Acient Rome Lays of Ancient Rome By Thomas Babbington Macaulay 1 Lays of Acient Rome Preface Horatius The Lay The Battle of the Lake Regillus The Lay Virginia The Lay The Prophecy of Capys The Lay That what i called the hitory of the Kings and early Consuls of Rome is to a great extent fabulus, few scholars have, since the ti of Beaufort, ventured to deny. It is certain that, more than three hundred and sixty years after the date ordinarily assigned for the foundatio of the city, the public records were, with scarcely an exception, destroyed by the Gauls. It is certain that the oldest annals of the coonwealth were compiled mre than a century and a half after th destruction of the records. It is certain, therefore, that the great Latin writers of the Augustan age did not possss those materials, without which a trustworthy account of the infancy of the republic could not possibly be framed. Those writers own, indeed, that the chronicles to which they had access were filled with battles that were never fought, and Consuls that were never inaugurated; and we have abundant proof that, in these chronicles, events of the greatest importance, suc as the issue of the war with Porsa and the issue of the war with Brennus, were grossly misrepresented. Under thes circumstances a wise man will look with great suspicio on the lged whi has com do to us. He will perhaps be inclined to regard th princes who are said to have founded the civil and religious institutions of Rom, the sons of Mars, and the husband of Egeria, as mere mythgial persage, of the same class with Persus and Ixion. -
2016 National Latin Exams
2016 ACL/NJCL NATIONAL LATIN EXAM INTRODUCTION TO LATIN EXAM A CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER FROM A, B, C, OR D. MARK ANSWERS ON ANSWER SHEET. 1. What is the Roman name for the Greek god Hermes? A) Mercury B) Mars C) Vulcan D) Pluto 2. Which goddess is the mother of Cupid and has this bird as a symbol? A) Juno B) Venus C) Minerva D) Vesta 2. 3. The Roman numerals IV + VI = A) VII B) VIII C) IX D) X 4. A Latin teacher asking the name of a person in a picture would ask A) Ubi est? B) Quid agis? C) Quis est? D) Estne laetus? 5. Who in ancient Rome wore a toga praetexta? A) senator B) mater C) libertus D) servus 6. What is the best translation of the Latin motto festīnā lentē? A) hurry slowly B) happy birthday C) time flies D) seize the day 7. Based on the Latin root, who would be considered urbane? A) a sailor B) a city dweller C) a shepherd D) a nymph 8. At what large amphitheater would the Romans watch gladiatorial fights and animal hunts? A) the Forum B) the Curia C) the Colosseum D) the Pantheon 9. Sicilia is on the map in the area numbered A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 9. 10. If a bird flew in a straight line from Hispania to Graecia, it would be 10. 2 flying A) north B) south C) east D) west 11. What Latin abbreviation means “and the rest”? A) P.S. B) a.m. -
The Roman Army's Emergence from Its Italian Origins
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Carolina Digital Repository THE ROMAN ARMY’S EMERGENCE FROM ITS ITALIAN ORIGINS Patrick Alan Kent A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2012 Approved by: Richard Talbert Nathan Rosenstein Daniel Gargola Fred Naiden Wayne Lee ABSTRACT PATRICK ALAN KENT: The Roman Army’s Emergence from its Italian Origins (Under the direction of Prof. Richard Talbert) Roman armies in the 4 th century and earlier resembled other Italian armies of the day. By using what limited sources are available concerning early Italian warfare, it is possible to reinterpret the history of the Republic through the changing relationship of the Romans and their Italian allies. An important aspect of early Italian warfare was military cooperation, facilitated by overlapping bonds of formal and informal relationships between communities and individuals. However, there was little in the way of organized allied contingents. Over the 3 rd century and culminating in the Second Punic War, the Romans organized their Italian allies into large conglomerate units that were placed under Roman officers. At the same time, the Romans generally took more direct control of the military resources of their allies as idea of military obligation developed. The integration and subordination of the Italians under increasing Roman domination fundamentally altered their relationships. In the 2 nd century the result was a growing feeling of discontent among the Italians with their position. -
Clarissimi Viri Joshua Roberts
Clarissimi Viri Joshua Roberts Livy’s histories of Horatius Cocles and Gnaeus Marcius Coriolanus The University of Georgia Department of Classics Summer Institute June, 2015 Forsan et haec olim meminisse iuvabit. 1 Tibi, Domine, qui me potentem facit. Maximas gratias fidelissimae uxori carissimisque liberis, qui semper efficiunt me laetum domum redire. Thank you to my Latin teachers: Mrs. Counts, Mr. Spearman, and Ms. Brown for introducing me to Latin. Mr. Philip W. Rohleder, who was the very embodiment of what my career has become. Uncle Phil, I cannot thank you enough for your friendship and your excellent example. I am still trying to be like you. Dr. Evelyn Tharpe, Dr. Ron Bohrer, and Dr. Josh Davies at the University of Tenneessee at Chattanooga. Dr. Bohrer, you showed me how to be merciful as a teacher. My professors in the University of Georgia Summer Institute faculty: Dr. Christine Albright, Dr. Naomi Norman, Dr. Robert Harris, Dr. John Nicholson, and Dr. Charles Platter. I am a better teacher because of you. Special thanks to Dr. Platter and Dr. Nicholson for serving as the committee for my final teaching project. JLSR MMXV 2 Contents Care Lector, .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Livy’s Preface to Ab urbe condita ................................................................................................................ 8 Horatius at the Bridge, II.10 ...................................................................................................................... -
L31 Passage Romulus and Titus Tatius (Uncounted King of Rome
L31 Passage Romulus and Titus Tatius (uncounted king of Rome) are gone Numa Pompilius is made the second king Numa known for peace, religion, and law Temple of Janusdoors open during war, closed during peace; during Numa’s reign, doors were closed L32 Passage Tullus Hostilius becomes third king (mega war) Horatii triplets (Roman) vs. Curiatii (Albans) Two of Horatii are killed immediately; Curiatii are all wounded Final remaining Horatius separates Curiatii and kills them by onebyone Horatius’ sister engaged to one of the Curiatii; weeps when she sees his stuff; Horatius, angry that she doesn’t mourn her own brothers, kills her L33 Passage Tullus Hostilius makes a mistake in a religious sacrifice to Jupiter Jupiter gets angry and strikes his house with a lightning bolt, killing Tullus Ancus Marcius becomes fourth king Ancus Marcius is Numa’s grandson Lucumo (later Lucius Tarquinius Priscus) moves from Etruria to Rome to hold public office at the advice/instigation of Tanaquil While moving, eagle takes his cap and puts it back on Lucumo’s head Tanaquil interprets it as a sign of his future greatness throws Iggy Iggs parties, wins favor becomes guardian of the king’s children upon Ancus’ death L34 Passage Lucius Tarquinius Priscus makes himself fifth king Servius Tullius is a slave in the royal household Tanaquil has a dream that Servius’ head catches on fire She interprets as a sign of greatness LTP makes Servius his adopted son hire deadly shepherd ninjas to go into the palace and assassinate -
Lays of Ancient Rome
Lays of Ancient Rome Thomas Babbington Macaulay The Project Gutenberg Etext of Lays of Ancient Rome, by Macaulay Copyright laws are changing all over the world, be sure to check the copyright laws for your country before posting these files!! Please take a look at the important information in this header. We encourage you to keep this file on your own disk, keeping an electronic path open for the next readers. Do not remove this. **Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** **Etexts Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** *These Etexts Prepared By Hundreds of Volunteers and Donations* Information on contacting Project Gutenberg to get Etexts, and further information is included below. We need your donations. Lays of Ancient Rome by Thomas Babbington Macaulay March, 1997 [Etext #847] The Project Gutenberg Etext of Lays of Ancient Rome, by Macaulay *****This file should be named lrome10.txt or lrome10.zip****** Corrected EDITIONS of our etexts get a new NUMBER, lrome11.txt. VERSIONS based on separate sources get new LETTER, lrome10a.txt. Made by David Reed of [email protected] and [email protected]. We are now trying to release all our books one month in advance of the official release dates, for time for better editing. Please note: neither this list nor its contents are final till midnight of the last day of the month of any such announcement. The official release date of all Project Gutenberg Etexts is at Midnight, Central Time, of the last day of the stated month. A preliminary version may often be posted for suggestion, comment and editing by those who wish to do so.