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ROMANS F/ 52 PART L: the KINGS of ROME

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ROMANS F/ 52 PART L: the KINGS of ROME ruuLAE rcWAE STORIES OF FAMOLJS ROMANS f/ 52 PART l: THE KINGS OF ROME 1 iam dEdum: "for a long time already.' 2 aegrl ferre, to take badly, resent. Sex. Tarquinil: the youngest son ofTarquinius Superbus; see 11:17 and the note there" 3 ut . , . statuerent: "that they decided," result clause (see the grammar note on page 56). 5 Tarquinius CollEtlnus, -I (m.), Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus (nephew of Tarquinius Superbus and husband oflucretia). sorOre . n6tus: "born from the sister," ablative ofsourcewith nEtus, perfect participle ofthe verb n6scor. 6 contubernium, -i (n.), the sharing of a tent in the army, the status of be- ing messmates. in contuberrrid iuvenum rEgi0rum . erat: "was a messmate of . ." Ardea, -ae (f), Ardea (a town to the south of Rome). 7 *hber, libera, hberum, free, outspoken, unrestricted, unrestrained. frnusquisque, tnaquaeque, tnumquodque, each one. 8 *nutue, -ts (f), daughter-in-1aw. 9 *ltxus, -0.s (m.), luxury, luxurious living, extravagance. *d6prehend6, d6prehendere (3), dEprehendl, d6preh6nsum, to get hold of, surprise, catch in the act. CollEtia, -ae (f), Collatia (a town in Latium). 10 LucrEtia, -ae (f), Lucretia (wife of Collatinus). lanificium, -I (n.), wool-spinning, weaving (a traditional occupation of a Roman housewife). L1 offendO, offendere (3), offeadi, oftnsum, to strike against, find, en- counf,er. pudlcus, -a, -lrm, chase, virtuous. *itrdicd (1), to judge, proclaim, declare, think. 12 *corrump6, corrumpere (3), corrtrpl, corruptum, to break, corrupt, seduce, Ad quan corrumpendam: "To seduce her," gerundive (see the grammar note on page 59). 13 propinquitds, propinquitdtig (f), family relationship. Sextus Tarquinius was admitted to the house because he was a rela- tive. !4 pudlcitia, -ae (f), chastity. *expugnO (1), to assault, storm, conquer. Place Consttuetions The names of cities, towns, and small islands and the words domus and rEs will be found in the accusative case without a preposition to show t}ae place to which someone goes: Tanaquil . cdnsilium migrandr- R0mem c6pit. (8:13-14) Tanaquil . formed a plan of moving to Rome. Exercitrls domds abducU sunt. (7:40) the armies were taken awav to their homes. 12. SEX. TARQUINIUS AND LUCRETIA 53 12. Sex. Tarquinius and Lucretia Paulo post Romdnl, qur iam dfldum superbiam Tarquinil 1 b10B.c. rdgis atque filiOrum aegr6 ferebant, ita scelere quodam Sex. 2 Tarquinir concitatl sunt ut regiam familiam in exilium a pellere statuerent. 4 Tarquinius Colldtlnus, sorOre Tarquinil Superbt ndtus, s in contubernio iuvenum regiorum Ardeae erat; cum forte in 6 hberiOre convlvio coniugem suam unusquisque laudaret, 7 placuit experrrl. Itaque equls Rdmam petunt. Regias nur[s I in convrvio vel ltxu d€prehendunt. Et inde Coll6tiam s petunt. Lucretiam, uxdrem Collattnt, inter ancillas in lani- ro fici6 offendunt; itaque ea pudlcissima itdicdtur. Ad quam 11 corrumpendam Sex. Tarquinius nocte Collitiam rediit et L2 iure propinquitdtis in domum Collatrnr v6nit et in cubicu- ls lum Lucretiae irrupit, pudlcitiam expugnEvit. L4 PI ace C on structio n s ( continue d ) These words will be found in the ablative case without a prepositionto show the place from which someone comes: ROnEEgressus.... Having departed from Bome. Domdexi€ns.... Leauinghome.... These words will be found in the locative case without a preposition to show the place where someone is: Habitdbat eO tempore Curibus Numa Pompilius. (6:T) There lived at this time in Cures Numa Pompilius. Domimanens.... Remaining at home. The locative case has the same endings as the genitive in the lst and 2nd declensions in the singular. In the 3rd declension and in all plural words, it has the same endings as the dative or ablative. When other words are used in place constructions, prepositions (ad, ab, ex, and in) are regularly used with the accusative and ablative cases. 54 PART l: THE KINGS OF ROME 15 advocO (1), to call, sumon, consult. L7 c6terun (adv.), for the rest, yet. -rngOns, -rneontis, innocent. 18 testis, testis (m.), witness. .inpfrne (adv.), without punishment. imptne esse, to go unpunished. adulter, adulterl (m.), adulterer. 19 fore: = futBnrn esse. hauil . fore: impersonal, "that it will not go unpun:ished for the adul- terer'= "that the adulterer will be punished." 20 pestifer, pestifera, pestiferum, destructive, pernicious. pestiferum: take the datives mihi sibique with this adjective, "destructive for me and for himself." 2L hinc (adv.), from here. 22 6rdine: "in turn." c6nsolor, c0nsolEri (1), c0nsolEtus sum, to console. aegram animi: "the (woman who was) sick at heart." 23 dvertendO: "by diverting," gerundinthe ablative (see the grammar note on page 58). nora, -ae (f), blame. ab coEct6: "from her who was forced." *auctor, auctdris (m.), originator, author, person responsible. dolictum, -r (n.), crime. *mEns, mentis (f), mind. mentem . abesee: indirect statement, depending on the idea of saying implied in cdnsolantur (see the grammar note on page 98)' 24 pecc6 (1), to sin. 25 rdderitis: perfect subjuncfive, used to give a comrnand (Tussive subjunc' dve), "consider!" See the grammar note on page 28; the perfect sub- junctivemay be used in the secoad perconto express commands. 26 peccEtum, -I (n.), sin. absolv6, absolvere (3), abgohd, absolotum, to absolve, release from (+ abl\. peccEtd . supplicid: "from wrongdoing . from punishment," ablative of separation (see the grammar note on page 55). *011us, -ar -um, any. 27 impudlcus, -8, -lrtD, unchaste, unfaithful. *exemplum, -I (n.), example, precedent. culter, cultrl (m.), knife. 28 *t gO, tegere (3), tCri, tEctun, to cover, hide. in: (/rere) "for." exitium, -i (n.), destruction. *conitr6 (1), to take an oath together, plot. conitrErunt: = coni[ravErunt. 29 *nex, necis (f), killing, murder, death. *vindicd (1), to get revenge, avenge. 12. SEX. TARQUINIUS AND LUCRETIA 55 Illa posterd di6 advocatls patre et coniuge rem hls verbls 15 exposuit: 'Vesttgia virt alient, Collattne, in lecto sunt tuo; 16 ceterum corpus est tantum violatum, animus Ins6ns; mors testis erit. Sed date dexteras fi.demque haud impune* adul- 18 terd fore. Sex. est Tarquinius, qul hostis prd hospite priOre 19 nocte vr armatus mihi sibique, sI vos virr estis, pestiferum 20 hinc abstulit gaudium." ,1 Dant drdine omnes fidem; consolantur aegram animr 22 dvertend6 noxam ab coacta in auctorem dElictl; mentem 23 pecc6.re, non corpus, et unde consi].ium afuerit, culpam 24 abesse. '1/6s," inquit, "vlderitis, quid illf dOb€tur. Ego me 25 etsl peccatd absolvo, supplicid non lrber6; nec ulla deinde 26 impudlca Lucr6tiae exempl6 vlvet." Se cultr6, quem veste qn texerat, occldit. I1lI in exitium regum coniurarunt eorum- 28 que exilid necem Lucretiae vindicaverunt. 29 *haud imptrne: litotes: "not unpunished" = "punished." Ablative of Separation The ablative case (often without a preposition) is used with certain verbs that mean "to rob of," "to deprive," and "to set free.'l This is called t}ne ablative of separation, e.g.: Ita poterat . bonis spoliare omnds qu0s cupiEbat. 0.1:S-6) So he was able to deprive of their property all whom he wished. Ego mE etsl peccitd absolv6, supplici6 n6n h-ber6. (above: 25-26) I, although I absolve myself of wrongdoing, do not free myself from punishment." 56 PART l: THE KINGS OF ROME 2 *i[r0 (1), to swear. 3 *quiequam, quicquam (quidquan), anyone, anything. 4 *castra, -6rum (n. pl.), military camp. 6 e:ecror, execrEri (1), erecrEtug gun, to curse. 7 nEntius, -i (m.), messenger, message. 8 perg0, pergere (3), perr6ri, perr6ctum, to go straight on to, proceed to. 9 *drversus, -a, -llm, different. 11 liberEtor, llberEtdris (m.), liberator. 12 exig6, exigere (3), exEgi, erEcturn, to drive out. 13 Caere (indeclinable) (n.), Caere (a city in Etruria). Caere, quae urbs: for the antecedentcontained within the telative clause, see the grammar note on page 30' 14 Gabi6s: see 11:1&-18. ultor, ult6ris (a.), avenger. l7 *ducentl, -ae, -4, two hundred. *dutt (1), to last, endure. Result Clauses You have seen that subordinate clauses introduced by ut and having their verbs in the subjunctive can express purpose (see the grammar note on page 12) or indirect commands (see the grammar note on page 25). They can also express result, e.g.: R0mdnl. ita scelere quddam Sex. Tarquinil concititi sunt ut 16- giam familiam in exilium pellere etatuerent. (12:14) The Romans . wete so aroused by a certain crime of Sextus Tar quinius that they decided to drive the royal family into exile. Result clauses are introduced by ut (affirmative) and ut n6n (negative); compare purpose clauses and indirect commands that use ut and nE. Result clauses are easy to identify since the presence of words such as ita, Brc, "in such a way,'"so,'tot, "so many,'tElis, "such," tantus, "so gteat," or ade6, tso," in the main clause provides a clue that a result clause may follow. Note the use of ita in the example above. 13. THE BANISHMENT OF TARQUINIUS SUPERBUS 57 L3. The Banishment of Tarquinius Superbus Tum prlmum v6rum ingenium Brdtl apertum est. EO 1 810- enim duce populus iuravit sE nec Tarquinium nec alium 2 50eB.c. quemquam r6gnare Romae passurum esse. Br0tus inde in I castra profectus est, ubi exercitus Rdmanus Ardeam, caput 4 Rutul6rum, obsidebat. Tulliam reglnam domd profugien- s tem omn6s viri mulierEsque execratl sunt. 6 Ubi ntrntil harum r€rum in castra perlatt sunt, r6x R6- 7 mam perr€xit. Brutus adventum r6gis sensit flexitque 8 viam. Ita eddem fere tempore dlversls itineribus BrUtus e Ardeam, Tarquinius R0mam venerunt. Hic portEs clausas 10 inv6nit; Brutum hber6torem urbis laeta castra accOp€runt rr exactlque sunt hberl r6gis; duo patrem secutl exulds ad- t2 ven6runt Caere, quae urbs Etrtrsca erat; Sextus Tarquinius ra Gabi0s, tamquam in suum rEgnum, profectus ab ultdribus t4 veterum iniuriarum quas ipse intulerat interfectus est. ls L. Tarquinius Superbus r€gnavit ann6s qulnque et 16 vlgintl. R6gnum R6mae annds ducentds quadrdgintE dtrr6- L7 verat. Duo consules inde credtl sunt, L.
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