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Filmed as racaivad. • X«rox Univoralty Microfilms soo North zooto Road . ' Ann Aibor. Mlehloan 4aiOS 73- 18,914 KINNAIRD, Gloria Wherry Dougherty, 1931- IDENTIFICATION OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN i ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE CHARACTERISTICS, j INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND WORK- | RELATED ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1973 | Education, psychology ) University Microfilms. A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. IDENTIFICATION OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE CHARACTERISTICS, INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS, AND WORK - RELATED ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGISTS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Gloria Wherry Dougherty Kinnaird, B.S., M.A. The Ohio State University 1973 Approved by A dviser Department of Education ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A special debt is owed to all those professional school psychologists whose participation made this pro ject possible. To a very special school psychologist and my supervisor, Dr. Damon Asbury, I owe thanks for his support and encouragement. In addition, an expression of heartfelt thanks to Nick Gallo - special consultant with the State Department of Ohio, for his guidance and suggestions regarding distribution of the questionnaires. Another debt is owed to ray brother-in-law, Dr. Lawrence K. Waters, Professor of Psychology, Ohio University, and to my dear father, Dr. Robert J. Wherry, Sr, Professor of Psychology, the Ohio State University, for advice concerning data handling and statistical analysis. A vote of thanks is also in order for my reading committee members, Dr. Anne Engin and Dr. Henry Angelino, for their help in planning and for their reading and advice in connection with the actual writing of the dissertation. I also would like to thank my husband, Richard, and my two sons, Douglas and Robert Dougherty, for their patience, understanding, and forebearance of the many inconveniences they encountered during the time of prepara tion, distribution, analysis, and writing of this disserta tio n . i i I am indebted to five colleagues and friends - Doris White, Donald Ball, Louise Dennis, Edward Matthews, and Roberta Segal for sharing with me both the golden moments of educational triumph and the difficult periods of graduate study. Finally, my greatest debt is owed to my adviser, Dr. Charles Huelsman. Through my years of graduate study his insightful analysis of research problems, his provid ing of a warm, supportive climate, and his excellent structuring of my doctoral program were a constant urce of inspiration and motivation. i l l VITA August 27> 1931 • • • • • Eorn-Lebannon, Tennessee 1953 .................................................B.S. (Speech-Drama), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1953-1954 .................................. Continuity Director of WTVN-TV Station, Columbus, Ohio 1954 ............................................ Certification in Kindergarten through eighth grade 1956-1962 . ....... Teacher, Columbus, Ohio. Taught kindergarten and second grades 1962-1964 . ......................... Teacher, Columbus, Ohio. Taught first and fourth grades 1963 •••••••••• M.A. in E ducation 1964-1965 •••••••• Intern School Psychologist, Columbus Public Schools, Columbus, Ohio 1965-1969 * Staff Psychologist, Columbus Public Schools, Columbus, Ohio 1969-P re s e n t •••••• Staff Psychologist and Coordina tor of Intern School Psychologists, Columbus Public Schools, Columbus, Ohio iv TABLE OF COITTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS i i VITA iv LIST OF TABLES v i i CHAPTER I . INTRODUCTION 1 Statement of Problem Importance of Study I I . REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Definition of Organizational Climate Measurement of Organizational Climate Dimensions of Organizational Climate Organizational Climate, Job Attitudes and Job Performance Role Models in School Psychology Source I: Rational Survey of School Psychologists Source II: Rothman*s Review of the Role Literature Source III: Future Trends in Training Programs The Rothraan Study I I I . METHODOLOGY 33 The Questions The Sample Instrumentation and Data Collection Coding and Scoring Procedures■ V aria b le s Organizational Climate Variables Personal-Biographic and Demographic Variables Job Perceptions Analysis of Data TABLE OF CONTESTS - Continued CHAPTER Page IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION................................................... 45 Q uestion 1 Evidence D iscussion Q uestion 2 Evidence D iscussion Q uestion 5 Evidence D iscussion Q uestion 4 Evidence D iscussion Q uestion 5 Evidence D iscussion Q uestion 6 Evidence D iscussion Q uestion 7 Evidence D iscussion V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS...................................... 112 APPENDIX A. QUESTIONNAIRE, BRIEFING AND DEBRIEFING LETTER ..................................... 120 B. ITEM SCORING PROCEDURES...................................... 126 C. SUBTEST SCORING PROCEDURES (V ariab le s) . 148 ‘ D. RESPONSE FREQUENCIES OF THE SCORED ITEMS . 154 E. ROTATION OF ROTHMAIT' S FACTORS 1 AND 2 . 161 REFERENCES...............................................................................................165 v i LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1. Composite Variable R eliabilities ..................57 2. Factor Analysis ......................................................62 3. Factor I. Climate Modifiers 65 if. Factor IA» Intern Coordinator ............................69 5* Factor IB, Mental Health Specialists • , • 71 6, Factor IC, Interns ........................ 75 7, Factor II. Inner City Crisis Solvers • • • 77 8, Factor III. Learning-Behavior Change Agents 79 9, Variables Used for Factor Predictions . 93 10. Weights for Prediction of Factors and Multiple Correlations ........................................... 95 11. Composite Factor Score Correlations by F a c t o r ................................................................ 101 12. D istrib u tio n o f P redicted Role Models • • • 105 13* Percentile Equivalent for Role Model Scores 106 lif. Role Model Assignments on Basis of Highest Percentile Equivalent ...... 108 15, Item Scoring Procedures - Appendix B . 137 16. Variables Scoring Procedures - Appendix C • lif9 17* Distribution of Item Responses - Appendix D 155 vii * 1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION There has been considerable emphasis in recent research on the accountability of school psychologists in terms of-role, function, and effectiveness. However, little emphasis has been placed on the job attitudes (e.g. satisfactions, need fulfillment, job involvement) of this professional group or their perceptions of their work setting beyond the "role-function-ef fectiveness" orientation. Industrial/organisational psychologists have for many years studied such subjective returns from the work situation as satisfaction and need fulfillment for a variety of work groups. More recently, these concepts have been incorporated into a broader organizational context so that the influence on these variables of both organizational and personal characteristics could be studied. Particular emphasis has been placed on the perceptions of "organizational climate" and their rela tionship to job-related attitudes. Halpin (1966) has drawn the analogy that what personality is to the individual, organizational climate is to the organization. Also, some recent research has added the role of individual character i s t i c s to th a t of work clim ate. None of th e research 2 involving organizational climate and personal character istics and their relationships to job attitudes has focused on school psychology*