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The Genus Paeonia L. in Italy: Taxonomic Survey and Revision

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The Genus Paeonia L. in Italy: Taxonomic Survey and Revision Webbia Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Geography ISSN: 0083-7792 (Print) 2169-4060 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tweb20 The genus Paeonia L. in Italy: taxonomic survey and revision N. G. Passalacqua & L. Bernardo To cite this article: N. G. Passalacqua & L. Bernardo (2004) The genus Paeonia L. in Italy: taxonomic survey and revision, Webbia, 59:2, 215-268, DOI: 10.1080/00837792.2004.10670771 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00837792.2004.10670771 Published online: 14 Apr 2013. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 25 View related articles Citing articles: 1 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tweb20 Download by: [Università di Pisa] Date: 05 November 2015, At: 02:39 Webbia 59(2): 215-268.2004 The genus Paeonia L. in Italy: taxonomic survey and revision N. G. PASSALACQUA, L. BERNARDO Museo eli Storia Naturale della Calabria ed Orto Botanico, Universita della Calabria 1-87030 Arcavacata eli Rende (CS) Ricevuto il4 Agosto 2003 Accettato il30 Settembre 2004 Il genere Paeonia L. in Italia: indagine tassonomica e revisione- Le peonie ita­ liane finora sono state distinte essenzialmente in base alia morfologia delle foglie, tuttavia la forma, le dimensioni ed il numero di segmenti fogliari possono variare anche nella medesima popolazione; cio ha generato in passato diverse incertezze ed errori. Lo stesso LINNEo (1753) nel descrivere le due varieta corrispondenti, attual­ mente, a Paeonia officina/is e Paeonia mascula non chiarisce del tutto le differenze fra le due. TI nostro studio, basato sull' osservazione sia di exsiccata in diversi erbari che di popolazioni vive nella penisola Italiana, in Sicilia, in Sardegna ed in Canton Ticino (Svizzera), accompagnato da misure morfometriche, da indagini cariologiche ed ecologiche, ci ha permesso di individuare otto entita, suddivise in due gruppi: Paeo­ nia mascula gr. e Paeonia officina/is gr. Fra i caratteri osservati, assumono particola­ re rilevanza la morfologia dell'apparato ipogeo, dei fiori, dei frutti e soprattutto del­ le foglie, nonche la qualita e la quantita della peluria. In particolare le foglie sono composte, hi- o triternate, con segmenti ultimi che possono essere interi oppure partiti e/o lobati. Si inten dono partiti quei segmenti che sono divisi per oltre la meta della loro lunghezza, lobati nel caso in cui sono divisi per non oltre la meta. Gruppo Paeonia officina/is L., presente con due entita ben distinte fra loro: Paeonia officina/is e Paeonia peregrina. La primae specie temperata sia di bosco che di radura, caratterizzata da apparato sotterraneo tuberiforme e da segmenti fogliari per lo piu partiti e/o lobati, di numero variabile, mediamente fra 15 e 30. In base ai nostri studi sono individuabili quattro sottospecie lungo l'arco alpino e l'Appenni­ no settentrionale e centrale. • Paeonia officina/is L. subsp. o/ficinalis, presente sulla Catena Alpina dal Pie­ monte al Friuli Venezia Giulia (ad esdusione del Carso), sulle Alpi Apuane e sul- 1' Appennino settentrionale dalla Toscana all'Emilia Romagna; L. Downloaded by [Università di Pisa] at 02:39 05 November 2015 • Paeonia of/icinalis subsp. huthii Soldano, in poche localita della Liguria; • Paeonia o/ficinalis L. subsp. italica subsp. nov., endemica dell'Appennino centrale dalle Marche al Lazio e all' Abruzzo; • Paeonia officina/is L. subsp. banatica (Rochel) So6, attualmente rinvenuta so­ lo sui Carso Triestino. Per quanto riguarda I' altra specie del gruppo: Paeonia peregrina Mill. e specie orientale con disgiunzione d' areale in Italia me­ ridionale, con poche popolazioni ai confini fra Calabria e Basilicata. Essa e morfo­ logicamente affine a P. officinalis, se ne distingue essenzialmente per i petali forte­ mente concavi, di colore rosso cupo invece che violacei e per i segmenti terminali ultimi, caratteristicamente tridentati all' apice. Gruppo Paeonia mascula (L.) Mill.: caratterizzato da apparato sotterraneo cilin­ drico-affusolato e segmenti fogliari interi, da ovali ad ellittici, di numero inferiore a 18. In Italia e presente con tre entita di sottobosco. • Paeonia mascula subsp. mascula, rara dal Lazio alia Basilicata; 216 N.G. PASSALACQUA,L. BERNARDO • Paeonia mascula subsp. mascula var. russoi (Biv.) comb. nov., in numerose lo­ calita della Sicilia, rara in Calabria. • Paeonia morisii Cesca, Bernardo & N.G. Passal., descritta recentemente per la Sardegna. Tutte le popolazioni indagate presentano numero cromosomico 2n=20 ad esclusione di quelle attribuite a Paeonia morisii 2n=10. Key words: Paeoniaceae, Paeonia, taxonomy, chorology, Italy, Sicily, Sardinia. The genus Paeonia is almost homogeneous in the Italian territory, showing all herbaceous individuals that die at the end of summer and grow up at the end of winter; they are all perennial with a tuberous stem and fleshy roots that provide the nourishment of the plant during the period of quiescence. The flower, gen­ erally one, spirocyclic, dialisepal and dialipetal, is hermaphrodite, with a high number of stamens and several carpels, completely free, laying on a fleshy disk. Growth form, phenology and usually floral characters apart, most of the morphological characters of peonies have a large range of variability, which has led to the description of numerous units not well defined and difficult to dif­ ferentiate. The numerous investigations in the field have allowed us to verify how the individuals with extreme morphological characters within the same population can look quite different, even if they are connected by a continuum of variability from an extreme to the other. Historical taxonomic treatment The genus was established by LINNAEUS in 1753 with one species, Paeonia officina/is L., and two varieties, afoeminea and 13 mascula, split on the base of different leaflet morphology. It is evident that Linnaeus went back to earlier botanists who recognized two different species, but he did not (" limites inter species non reperi") and lumped then both under the same species. The famous gardener and botanist Miller, observing cultivated plants, raised the var. mas­ cula to species level (MILLER, 1768). Both Linnaeus and Miller indicate the Downloaded by [Università di Pisa] at 02:39 05 November 2015 mountains of Switzerland as its locus classicus. At the same time, Miller de­ scribed a peony coming from the Levant (i.e. Turkey) with deep red and rounded petals as P. peregrina. ANDERSON (1818) published the first Monograph on the genus, based mainly on leaf morphology and hairiness, but in some case misleading botanists as to the identification of plants, especially as he gave no clear distribution of taxa. Earlier records of peonies in Italy come from TENORE ( 1811-15) who recorded P. o//icinalis for the Abruzzi and P. corallina (= P. mascula (L.) Mill.) for Calabria. At the same time, two new taxa close toP. mascula (L.) Mill. were described for Sicily: P. Russi Bivona (1816), in the mountains around Palermo, and P.fla­ vescens C. Pres! (1822). TilE GENUS PAEONIA L. IN ITALY 217 The first organic taxonomic treatment of Italian peonies comes from BER­ TOLONI (1844) who recorded three species and gave a good account of syno­ nyms (tab. 1) and localities. He indicated: P. officina/is L., in central northern Italy from Tuscany to Piedmont and Friuli; P. corallina Retz. (=P. mascula (L.) Mill.), in Tuscany (Florence and Volterra) and Veneto (Bassano), and P. Russi Biv., Sicily (Mountains of Palermo and Pizzuta) and Sardinia. BERTOLONI dis­ tinguished P. corallina toP. Russi by leaf morphology, but also carpel morphol­ ogy, recently used as diagnostic character for a new taxon from Sardinia (i.e. P. morisii, see below). TABLE 1-Historical view of main reports of the genus Paeonia L. for Italy Author taxon synonym localities Bertoloni, 1844 P. officina/is L. P. coral/ina sensu Bert. Marches, Tuscany (Apuan P. paradoxa sensu Ten. Alps), Emilia Romagna, Piedmont, Lombardy, Trentino Veneto Friuli. P. coral/ina Retz. P. officina/is L. .B mascula Veneto, Tuscany (Florence, Volterra) P. Russi Biv. P. flavescens Presl Sicily, Sardinia Huth, 1891 P. coral/ina Retz. P. officina/is L. .B mascula a tiQica Latium, Sicily ~ fl_avescens Presl Sicily (Madonie, Nebrodi) y Russi Bivona Sicily (M. te of Palermo, M.te S. Venere Nebrodi) P. peregrina Miller P. officina/is a foeminea L. P. f!.ubens Rchb. a officina/is Retz. Trentino, Veneto, Friuli, Is tria ~ villosa P. p_aradoxa DC. Abruzzi (Maiella) Fiori & Paoletti, P. offjcinalis L. 1898 subsQ. euoffjcinalis a [oeminea L. !stria, Italian Peninsula ~ peregrina Miller with the typical var. and Downloaded by [Università di Pisa] at 02:39 05 November 2015 Qrob. more freguent y villosa Des£. P. paradoxa Anders. Maritimes Alpes, Central P. pubens Sims. Apennines and perhaps elsewhere subsQ. corollina () mascula L. P. coral/ina Retz. !stria, Veneto, Lombardy, Tuscany, Latium, Campania, Puglia, Basilicata, Calabria, Sicily, Sardinia e triternata Biv. P. coral/ina var. pubescens Calabria, Sicily, Sardinia Moris P. officina/is e P. Russi Fiori (next page) 218 N.G. PASSALACQUA, L. BERNARDO (continuer/) Author taxon synonym localities Stern, 1946 P. officina/is L. P. pubens Rchb. North Italy from Piedmont to Friuli P. humilis Retz. var. villosa P. paradoxa Anderson Abruzzi P. arietina Anderson Friuli Emilia P. mascula (L.) Miller P. coral/ina Retz. !stria, Friuli, Tuscany P. corallina var. flavescens (Florence) (Presl) Guss. P. Russi Bivona P. corallina var. pubescens
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