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040706Transient Global Amnesia FACTS CLINICAL What you need to know about... TRANSIENT GLOBAL AMNESIA There is no treatment for the spontaneously occurring disorder TGA Alamy WHAT IS IT? CAUSES SYMPTOMS DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS ● Transient global amnesia (TGA) is Precipitating factors include: A patient with TGA: ● Toxin-induced memory loss tends a temporary and isolated disorder of ● Sexual intercourse; ● Is acutely confused; to include inattention and an the memory. ● Heavy physical exercise (usually ● Is neurologically intact except for inability to sustain coherent thought. ● An episode of this disorder swimming in cold water); absent memory (for example, ● In complex partial seizures, consists of a loss of recent and ● There is a small correlation remains alert, remembers identity, repetitive questioning is not a feature. new memories. between TGA and patients who remembers past experiences); ● Psychogenic amnesia tends to ● An episode of TGA usually suffer from migraines, epileptic fits, ● Asks relevant questions repeatedly occur at a younger age and the occurs spontaneously. and cerebrovascular disease; because she or he does not patient is more likely to have ● The syndrome is largely benign ● Physical or emotional stress; remember the answer; personality changes and not in nature due to the fact that the ● Driving a car. ● Is unable to recall the episode remember personal details. episode is temporary. once she or he has recovered; ● The patient is usually otherwise PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ● Usually maintains her or his REFERENCES healthy and middle aged or older. ● The precise pathophysiology of semantic memory (long-term Hodges, J., Simons, J. (2000) ● An attack may last several hours. TGA is not clear. memory responsible for retaining Neurocase 2000. Volume 6. 211– ● Blood flow to specific brain areas knowledge about the world, including 230. Available from: HISTORY that involve memory including the the meaning of words and objects) www.icn.ucl.ac.uk/jsimons/pubs/ ● TGA was first described in 1956 thalamus and/or mesial temporal and meta memory (the awareness of ncasetga.pdf by Morris Bender. structures appears to be disrupted what one should know); ● Since then, TGA has become a transiently during TGA. ● Anterograde amnesia must Sucholeiki, R. (2004) Transient well-explained syndrome but its be present. Global Amnesia Emedicine. cause is still not totally understood. INCIDENCE Available from: www.emedicine.com/ ● TGA affects memory function. ● Three people per 100,000 of the TREATMENT NEURO/ Although many mechanisms have population per year are affected ● There is no treatment. topic380.htm been proposed, no single cause can with TGA. ● TGA is short-lived. fully explain all the features of TGA. ● The condition affects 50 per cent ● Patients with recurrent episodes WEBSITE ● Some authors have stated that more men than women. usually do not experience any Transient Global Amnesia (GP notes): patients with TGA have age and risk ● Less than 25 per cent of patients increased morbidity. www.gpnotebook.co.uk/cache/ factor profiles similar to those of experience repeated episodes. 1557135375.htm patients who experience stroke or ● Less than three per cent of patients transient ischaemic attack (TIA). experience three or more episodes. ● Permanent memory loss is rare. NT 6 July 2004 Vol 100 No 27 www.nursingtimes.net 33.
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