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Petroleum Potential of Wilderness Lands in New Mexico by Robert T

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Petroleum Potential of Wilderness Lands in New Mexico by Robert T Petroleum Potential of Wilderness Lands in New Mexico By Robert T. Ryder PETROLEUM POTENTIAL OF WILDERNESS LANDS IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 902-1 This chapter on the petroleum geology and resource potential of Wilderness Lands in New Mexico is also provided as an accompany­ ing pamphlet for Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1-1543 CONTENTS Page Abstract II Delaware basin, Northwest Shelf, and Central bas;n Introduction 1 platform 118 Geologic framework 2 Pedregosa basin 18 Physiographic provinces- 2 Raton and Las Vegas basins 18 Wilderness Lands 2 Basins in the Rio Grande Rift 19 Tectonic provinces and tectonic history 2 Source rocks, hydrocarbons shows, and thermal Colorado Plateau and Great Plains physiographic maturity 20 provinces 2 Pennsylvanian and Permian black limestone and Southern Rocky Mountain physiographic province 7 shale - 20 Basin and Range physiographic province 9 Upper Cretaceous shale and coal 20 Transitional zone_____________________ 14 Devonian black shale- 21 Petroleum geology - 16 Middle Jurassic limestone- 21 USGS petroleum province boundaries- 16 Reservoirs and traps 21 Oil and gas fields- 16 Summary statement- 22 Thickness and origin of sedimentary rocks 17 Petroleum potential of Wilderness Lands- 23 San Juan basin 17 Summary 28 References cited 29 ILLUSTRATIONS Page FIGURE 1. Maps of New Mexico showing distribution of Wilderness Lands, counties, and selected towns and cities. A, P' ys- iographic and tectonic provinces; B, Major outcrops of igneous and metamorphic rocks and lines of cross sec­ tions; C, Oil and gas field data 13 2. Upper Cretaceous time-stratigraphic section A-A' from the Zuni basin through the San Juan (top) and geologic cross section B-B' (bottom) through the San Juan basin 6 3. Geologic cross section C-C' through the Acoma basin and Lucero uplift 7 4. Geologic cross section D-D' through the Sangre de Cristo uplift and the Raton basin 8 5. Geologic cross section E-E' through the Tucumcari basin and Sierra Grande uplift 8 6. Restored stratigraphic cross section F-F' of the Pennsylvanian System and Lower Permian Series through the Northwest shelf and the Delaware basin 10 7. Restored stratigraphic cross section G-G' of the Leonardian (part), Guadalupian, and the Ochoan Series of the Permian System through the Northwest shelf and the Delaware basin 12 8. Geologic cross section H-H' through the Guadalupe Mountains uplift 13 9. Geologic cross sections /-/' and J-J' through parts of the Pedregosa basin and the superimposed Early Cretaceous rift basins - 13 10. Geologic cross sections through the Espanola basin (K-K\ Albuquerque basin (L-L1), and Tularosa basin and Sacramento Mountains uplift (M-M1) 14 11. Geologic cross section N-N' through the Sacramento Mountains and part of the Guadalupe Mountains uplift 15 12. Map showing the qualitative estimate of petroleum potential for Wilderness Lands in New Mexico 24 III PETROLEUM POTENTIAL OF WILDERNESS LANDS IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES Petroleum Potential of Wilderness Lands in New Mexico By Robert T. Ryder ABSTRACT coveries in the sedimentary basins of New Mexico On the basis of in-depth geologic framework and petroleum will likely depend on imaginative, but geologically geology studies, the oil and gas potential of Wilderness Lands sound, interpretations of the complex structural, in New Mexico is rated qualitatively on a scale from high to depositional, and magmatic history of the State zero. A high rating is assigned to Wilderness Lands that are and on the testing of these interpretation * with located near or along the projected trend of hydrocarbon pro­ duction and that have all the geologic attributes of the produc­ reflection seismic profiles and deep drillir#. To ing area. A medium rating is assigned to Wilderness Lands date, drilling outside the regions of known f»xxiuc- that have all the attributes, including shows, of an oil and gas tion has been disappointing. The purpose of this producing area but presently lack commercial production. In investigations is to provide qualitative estiirites contrast, low, low to zero, and zero ratings are assigned to complete with written documentation of the fu­ Wilderness Lands that have few or no attributes of an oil and gas producing area. Usually a zero rating is reserved for re­ ture oil and gas potential of the 2,676,856 a "res of gions having autochthonous igneous and metamorphic rocks Wilderness Lands in New Mexico. Thes^ esti­ at or near the surface. mates are based largely on data derived from cur­ The Wilderness Lands in New Mexico are grouped into 18 rent published literature. Future estimates may clusters, each containing one or more tracts that have the same vary as new data and concepts become available. or similar geologic characteristics and the same hydrocarbon potential. Of the 2,676,856 acres of Wilderness Lands in New This report is divided into three parts. TH first Mexico the potential acreage can be summarized as follows: part, the geologic framework section, is intended high potential, 96.6 thousand acres; medium potential, 115.3 to acquaint the reader with the physiograpHc and thousand acres; low potential, 1,237.3 thousand acres; low to geologic provinces of New Mexico and th-? com­ zero potential, 158 thousand acres; and zero potential, 1,069.6 plex tectonic and magmatic history that shaped thousand acres. the provinces and ultimately helped control the distribution of oil and gas. The second pa~t, the INTRODUCTION petroleum geology section, consists of a funeral New Mexico is among the leading producers of treatment of several key elements related to the oil and gas in the United States and has the poten­ generation and entrapment of oil and gas n New tial for yielding significant undiscovered oil and Mexico. The third and final part, the pet-oleum gas resources (Dolton and others, 1981). Much of potential of Wilderness Lands, contains the qual­ New Mexico is still a frontier area in terms of oil itative estimates of the oil and gas potential of the and gas exploration. Future oil and gas dis­ Wilderness Lands in New Mexico. II GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK EXPLANATION (For figures 1A, B, and C) PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES Metamorphic and igneous rocks Precambrian New Mexico is divided into four major physiog­ raphic provinces: the Colorado Plateau, the Basin and Range, the Southern Rocky Mountain, and Intrusive igneous rocks Mesozoic and Tertiary the Great Plains (fig. LA)(Fenneman, 1931). The Great Plains and Colorado Plateau provinces oc­ Volcanic rocks Quaternary, Tertiary, and Mesozoic cupy the eastern half and northwest quarter of the State, respectively, and are separated by the Wilderness Lands northward-tapering, wedge-shaped Basin and Range province (fig. LA). A transitional zone be­ Oil, natural gas, and carbon dioxide fields tween the Colorado Plateau and Basin and Range provinces is situated in southwest New Mexico. Drill hole The Southern Rocky Mountain province is re­ Shell Oil Company, Santa Fe Pacific No. 1 drill hole stricted to two lobes which flank the northern ex­ tremity of the Basin and Range province. KCM No. 1 Forest Federal drill hole Humble No. 1 State BM drill hole WILDERNESS LANDS Grimm et al. No.l Mobil-32 drill hole The 2,676,856 acres of Wilderness Lands in Line of geologic cross section New Mexico are distributed over the four phys­ Boundary between physiography provinces iographic provinces (fig. LA). Two-thirds of the Wilderness Lands is located in the Basin and - Boundary between USGS petroleum provinces Range province (31 percent) and the transitional zone (34 percent); the remainder of the Wilderness Boundary between tectonic provinces Lands is distributed mainly between the Col­ Approximate leading edge of Cordilleran fold orado Plateau (18 percent) and the Southern and thrust belt (Corbitt and Woodward, 1973) Rocky Mountain provinces (15 percent). Only 2 percent of the Wilderness Lands is in the Great the surface as either structural terraces capped by Plains province. gently dipping strata or mountain ranges with a core of granitic basement rocks. F^st-order struc­ TECTONIC PROVINCES AND tural features in the Colorado Plateau province TECTONIC HISTORY are the San Juan Basin, Defiance uplift, Zuni up­ The physiographic provinces, and to a large ex­ lift, Four Corners platform, Chama basin, Zuni tent the hydrocarbon accumulations within them, basin, Acoma basin, and Lucero rnlift of probable are controlled by the tectonic framework of the Laramide age (Woodward, 1974; Davis, 1978), the underlying rocks. The major tectonic features Paradox basin of Pennsylvanirn age, and a which shaped New Mexico's physiographic pro­ Pennsylvanian precursor to the Defiance and Zuni vinces are identified and discussed in the following uplifts (Peterson and Ohlen, li^; KottlowsM, sections. 1971) (figs. LA, 2, 3). The San Juan Basin has a combined thickness of 9,000 to 10,000 feet of COLORADO PLATEAU AND GREAT PLAINS Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks and 3,000 feet of PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES Pennsylvanian rocks (Peterson and others, 1965; The Colorado Plateau and Great Plains pro­ Molenaar, 1977) (fig. 2). Many of the first-order vinces represent a part of the North American structural features have been controlled by an un­ craton which has been relatively stable since the derlying basement block mosaic which probably late Precambrian. Structural features in the Col­ developed in Precambrian time and was reacti­ orado Plateau province are characterized by broad vated by later episodes of structural instability basins flanked
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