ALICE Report

ALICEASSET LIMITED, INCOME CONSTRAINED, EMPLOYED

Winter 2017 STUDY OF FINANCIAL HARDSHIP

UnitedWayALICE.org/Michigan THE UNITED WAYS OF MICHIGAN

Albion-Homer United Way United Way of Clare and Gladwin Counties Allegan County United Way United Way of Delta County Barry County United Way United Way of Dickinson County Branch County United Way United Way of Eastern Upper Peninsula Capital Area United Way United Way of Genesee County Char-Em United Way United Way of Gratiot & Isabella Counties Cheboygan County United Way United Way of Jackson County Chelsea United Way United Way of Lapeer County Copper Country United Way United Way of Manistee County Crawford County United Way United Way of Marquette County Eaton County United Way United Way of Mason County Gogebic Range United Way United Way of Midland County Greater Huron County United Way United Way of Monroe/Lenawee Counties Greater Ottawa County United Way United Way of Montcalm-Ionia Counties Heart of West Michigan United Way United Way of Northeast Michigan Livingston County United Way United Way of Northwest Michigan Marshall United Way United Way of Saginaw County Mecosta-Osceola United Way United Way of Sanilac County Ogemaw County United Way United Way of Southwest Michigan Oscoda Area United Way United Way of St. Clair County

Otsego County United Way United Way of the Battle Creek and Plymouth Community United Way Kalamazoo Region Roscommon County United Way United Way of the Lakeshore Shiawassee United Way United Way of Tuscola County St. Joseph County United Way United Way of Washtenaw County Tri-City Area United Way United Way of Wexford and Missaukee Counties United Way for Southeastern Michigan Van Buren County United Way United Way of Bay County

Thanks to Consumers Energy Foundation, Michigan’s funding partner NATIONAL ALICE ADVISORY COUNCIL

Note: In addition to the corporate sponsorships, this Report was made possible by the United Ways noted above in bold. LETTER TO THE COMMUNITY

Dear Michiganders,

The launch of the 2014 Michigan United Way ALICE Report (for Asset Limited, Income Constrained, Employed), provided us with greater understanding of the struggles of hard- working families in our communities and the conditions that define their financial hardship.

This 2017 update to the Report shows that many Michiganders are still struggling.

Communities across Michigan continue to have concerns regarding the state of financial hardship that exists with 40 percent of Michigan households, and the growing need for programmatic and policy solutions to help our friends and neighbors reach financial stability.

ALICE represents the men and women of all ages and races who get up each day to go to work, but who face tough financial choices. ALICE is not an individual, but a conceptual blending of all those in our community who bring home a paycheck that doesn’t stretch to cover household needs. ALICE is glad to have a job, proud of their work, and happy to contribute to the community. ALICE has no cushion. ALICE has no fall back, their assets are limited, and their income is constrained. ALICE is one crisis away from poverty. A rent hike, a family illness, the need for new car tires, things that the rest of us see as an inconvenience, are a crisis for ALICE all across our nation.

When the first United Way ALICE Report of low-wage workers was launched, the findings underscored how the fate of our community is directly connected to ALICE. With this update, that core fact remains. ALICE is an important part of our communities. Stability in the lives of ALICE is positive for the companies that employ them and the overall economy. We need to bring this conversation to a higher level, showing others that ALICE is integral to the social fabric of our society – across the nation.

The key is prevention – finding ways to keep people from falling off the edge, either into ALICE or from ALICE into poverty. This report allows us to look upstream and think about populations that are teetering on that edge.

Our goal, and the goal of the United Way ALICE Project, is to place a clearer lens on the ALICE population. By learning how to give people more and better opportunities to build stability for themselves and their families, we take another step toward restoring that dream.

Together we have an opportunity to raise awareness, stimulate conversation and create solutions that offer ALICE and our communities a better future. I hope that this update will leave you better informed and newly inspired by the potential that we have when we work together to improve the financial stability of this demographic.

Together, we can strengthen our communities across Michigan and build a better tomorrow.

Sincerely,

Ann T. Fillmore, United Way of Midland County Executive Director, Michigan ALICE Steering Committee Chair

ii THE UNITED WAY ALICE PROJECT

The United Way ALICE Project provides a framework, language, and tools to measure and understand the struggles of the growing number of households in our communities that do not earn enough to afford basic necessities, a population called ALICE. This research initiative partners with state United Way organizations to present data that can stimulate meaningful discussion, attract new partners, and ultimately inform strategies that affect positive change.

Based on the overwhelming success of this research in identifying and articulating the needs of this vulnerable population, the United Way ALICE Project has grown from a pilot in Morris County, New Jersey in 2009, to the entire state of New Jersey in 2012, and now to the national level with 15 states participating.

United Ways of Michigan are proud to join the some 450 United Ways from these states to better understand the struggles of ALICE. Organizations across the country are also using this data to better understand the struggles and needs of their employees, customers, and communities. The result is that ALICE is rapidly becoming part of the common vernacular, appearing in the media and in public forums discussing financial hardship in communities across the country.

Together, United Ways, government agencies, nonprofits, and corporations have the opportunity to evaluate current initiatives and discover innovative approaches that give ALICE a voice, and create changes that improve life for ALICE and the wider community.

To access reports from all states, visit UnitedWayALICE.org

States with United Way ALICE Reports

North Dakota Montana Minnesota Washington New Hampshire Vermont Maine South Dakota Wisconsin Oregon Idaho Wyoming Michigan New York Massachusetts Iowa Nebraska Pennsylvania Rhode Island Illinois Indiana Ohio Connecticut Nevada Utah New Jersey Colorado West Kansas Delaware Missouri Virginia Kentucky Virginia Maryland California District of Oklahoma Tennessee North Columbia Arkansas Carolina Arizona New Mexico

Georgia Texas South Carolina

Alabama Florida Louisiana Mississippi

Alaska New Jersey (2012) First Cohort (2014) Hawaii Second Cohort (2015-16) Third Cohort (2016-17) iii THE ALICE RESEARCH TEAM

The United Way ALICE Project provides high-quality, research-based information to foster a better understanding of who is struggling in our communities. To produce the United Way ALICE Report for Michigan, a team of researchers collaborated with a Research Advisory Committee, composed of representatives from across the state, who advised and contributed to our Report. This collaborative model, practiced in each state, ensures each Report presents unbiased data that is replicable, easily updated on a regular basis, and sensitive to local context. Working closely with United Ways, the United Way ALICE Project seeks to equip communities with information to create innovative solutions.

Lead Researcher Stephanie Hoopes, Ph.D. is the lead researcher and director of the United Way ALICE Project. Dr. Hoopes’ work focuses on the political economy of the United States and specifically on the circumstances of low-income households. Her research has garnered both state and national media attention. She began the United Way ALICE Project as a pilot study of the low-income community in affluent Morris County, New Jersey in 2009, and has overseen its expansion into a broad-based initiative to more accurately measure financial hardship in states across the country. In 2015, Dr. Hoopes joined the staff at United Way of Northern New Jersey in order to expand this project as more and more states become involved.

Dr. Hoopes was an assistant professor at the School of Public Affairs and Administration (SPAA), Rutgers University-Newark, from 2011 to 2015, and director of Rutgers-Newark’s New Jersey DataBank, which makes data available to citizens and policymakers on current issues in 20 policy areas, from 2011 to 2012. SPAA continues to support the United Way ALICE Project with access to research resources.

Dr. Hoopes has a doctorate from the London School of Economics, a master’s degree from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and a bachelor’s degree from Wellesley College.

Research Support Team Andrew Abrahamson Helen McGinnis Dan Treglia, Ph.D.

ALICE Research Advisory Committee for Michigan David Callejo Pérez, Ed.D. Jane Johnson, M.A. René Pérez Rosenbaum, Ph.D. Saginaw Valley State University Department of Human Services, Michigan State University Muskegon County Neil Carlson, Ph.D. Peter Ruark, M.S.W. Calvin College Rex LaMore, Ph.D. Michigan League for Public Policy Michigan State University David Clifford, Ph.D. Luke Shaefer, Ph.D. Eastern Michigan University Katherine Frohardt-Lane, Ph.D. University of Michigan Data Driven Detroit Lee Coggin, J.D. Bridget Flynn Timmeney, M.S.W. Baker College of Muskegon Matt McCauley, M.P.A. W.E. Upjohn Institute for Networks Northwest Employment Research Huda Fadel, M.P.H., Ph.D. Blue Cross Blue Shield Kurt Metzger, M.A. of Michigan Data Driven Detroit

Ryan Gimarc Brian Pittelko, M.P.A. Talent 2025 W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research iv WHAT’S NEW Data & Methodology Updates Every two years, the United Way ALICE Project engages a Research Advisory Committee of external experts to scrutinize the ALICE methodology and sources. This rigorous process results in enhancements to the methodology and new ideas in how to more accurately measure and present this important data. While these changes impact specific calculations, the overall trends have remained the same – ALICE represents a large percentage of our population and these households are struggling to provide basic essentials for their families.

For this Report, the following improvements have been incorporated. To ensure consistency and accurate comparison in changes over time, data has been recalculated for previous years. For a more detailed description of the methodology, see the Methodology Exhibit IX.

• The ALICE Threshold for each state now accounts for county- level differences. This key measure is now calculated by combining the average household size for each county rather than using the statewide average household size.

• The ALICE Household Survival and Stability Budgets have been updated to reflect today’s economic and technological realities. The Household Survival Budget’s health care costs increased due to the Affordable Care Act. Because many ALICE households do not qualify for Medicaid but cannot afford even the Bronze Marketplace premiums and deductibles, the penalty for not having coverage is added to the out- of-pocket health care cost. The ALICE Stability Budget added the cost of a cell phone with internet access.

• The Economic Viability Dashboard is now presenting each of its three indices – Housing Affordability, Job Opportunities, and Community Resources – separately instead of as one combined score. Each index represents a critical condition for the stability of ALICE households, and poor scores in one index cannot be compensated by good scores in another. These indices are not cumulative.

• The ALICE Income Assessment has been recalculated to more accurately depict the assistance available to help an ALICE household meet basic needs. Only programs that directly help low-income households meet the Household Survival Budget, such as TANF and Medicaid, are included. It no longer includes programs that assist households in broader ways, such as to attend college, or that assist communities, like community policing. Source changes • The American Community Survey no longer provides 3-year averages, so data for all communities with populations less than 65,000 will rely on 5-year averages.

• The National Association of State Budget Officers (NASBO) replaces individual state budgets as the source for state spending on programs to assist vulnerable families, making the spending categories standardized and comparable.

• In the Economic Viability Dashboard, the variables for two of the indicators of the Community Resources Index – education resources and social capital – have been changed to items that vary more by county. The variable for education resources is now 3- and 4-year-olds enrolled in preschool; and the variable for social capital is the percent of the population 18 and older who voted in the most recent election. v TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ��1

I. WHO IS STRUGGLING IN MICHIGAN? ��5

II. WHAT DOES IT COST TO FUNCTION IN TODAY’S ECONOMY? ��16

III. ACHIEVING STABILITY: INCOME, SAVINGS AND PUBLIC ASSISTANCE ��22

IV. HOW HAVE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS CHANGED FOR ALICE FAMILIES? ��30

CONCLUSION: WHAT CHALLENGES LIE AHEAD? ��41

BIBLIOGRAPHY ��55

EXHIBIT I: ALICE COUNTY PAGES

EXHIBIT II: ALICE HOUSING DATA BY COUNTY

EXHIBIT III: ALICE THRESHOLD AND DEMOGRAPHICS, MICHIGAN, 2015

EXHIBIT IV: KEY FACTS AND ALICE STATISTICS FOR MICHIGAN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS

EXHIBIT V: THE ECONOMIC VIABILITY DASHBOARD

EXHIBIT VI: KEY FACTS AND ALICE STATISTICS FOR MICHIGAN MUNICIPALITIES

EXHIBIT VII: ALICE HOUSEHOLDS BY INCOME, 2007 TO 2015

EXHIBIT VIII: STRATEGIES THAT CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE FOR ALICE

EXHIBIT IX: METHODOLOGY OVERVIEW & RATIONALE ALICE IN MICHIGAN

vi INDEX OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Household Income, Michigan, 2007 to 2015 �� 5

Figure 2. Household Income by Age of Head of Household, Michigan, 2015 �� 6

Figure 3. Trends in Households by Income by Age, Michigan, 2007 to 2015 �� 7

Figure 4. Households by Race/Ethnicity and Income, Michigan, 2015 �� 8

Figure 5. Households by Race/Ethnicity and Income, Michigan, 2007 to 2015 �� 10

Figure 6. Household Types by Income, Michigan, 2015 �� 11

Figure 7. Single & Cohabiting (No Children Below 18) Households by Income, Michigan, 2015 �� 11

Figure 8. Families with Children by Income, Michigan, 2015 �� 12

Figure 9. Families with Children by Income, Michigan, 2007 to 2015 �� 13

Figure 10. Percentage of Households with Income Below the ALICE Threshold by County, Michigan, 2007 and 2015 �� 14

Figure 11. Households below the ALICE Threshold, Largest Cities and Towns in Michigan, 2015 �� 15

Figure 12. Household Survival Budget, Michigan Average, 2015 �� 16

Figure 13. Household Survival Budget, Michigan Average, 2007 to 2015 �� 17

Figure 14. Comparison of Household Budgets (family of 4), Calhoun County, Michigan, 2015 �� 19

Figure 15. Comparison of Household Budgets by Category, 2015 �� 20

Figure 16. Earnings by Number of Households and Aggregate Total, Michigan, 2007 to 2015 �� 22

Figure 17. Percent Change in Household Sources of Income, Michigan, 2007 to 2015 �� 23

Figure 18. Households with Assets, Michigan, 2015 �� 25

Figure 19. ALICE Income Assessment, Michigan, 2012 to 2015 �� 26

Figure 20. Comparing Basic Need with Public and Nonprofit Spending by Category (Excluding Health Care and Miscellaneous Expenses), Michigan, 2015 �� 27 Figure 21. Total Public and Nonprofit Assistance per Household Below the ALICE Threshold, Michigan, 2015 ��29

Figure 22. Number of Jobs by Hourly Wage, Michigan, 2007 to 2015 ��30

Figure 23. Employment and GDP by Industry, Michigan, 2007 to 2015 ��32

Figure 24. Top 20 Occupations by Employment and Wage, Michigan, 2015 ��33

Figure 25. Small Business Employment by Sector, Michigan, 2013 ��34

Figure 26. Work Status, Michigan, 2007 to 2015 ��35

Figure 27. Economic Viability Dashboard, Michigan, 2007 to 2015 ��37

Figure 28. Housing Affordability Index, Michigan, 2010 to 2015 ��38

Figure 29. Renters Below the ALICE Threshold vs. Rental Stock, Michigan, 2015 ��39

Figure 30. Jobs Opportunities Index, Michigan, 2010 to 2015 ��39

Figure 31. Population Inflows and Outflows, Michigan, 2015 ��42

Figure 32. Population Projection, Michigan, 2010 to 2030 ��44

Figure 33. New Growth by Occupation, Michigan, 2015 to 2024 ��46

Figure 34. Employment by Occupation and Impact of Technology, Michigan, 2015 ��48

Figure 35. Median Earnings Asian, Black, Hispanic, and White Workers, Michigan, 2007 to 2015 ��51

Figure 36. Unemployment for Asian, White, Hispanic, and Black Workers, Michigan, 2007 to 2015 ��51 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This United Way ALICE Report provides the most comprehensive look at Michigan residents who are struggling financially: 40 percent of households in Michigan could not afford basic needs such as housing, child care, food, health care, and transportation in 2015. Many households are living below the Federal Poverty Level (FPL), but an even greater number of households are what United Way calls ALICE – an acronym for Asset Limited, Income Constrained, Employed. ALICE households have incomes above the FPL, but still struggle to afford basic household necessities. Although evidence is emerging that jobs and wages are improving, the percent of households struggling has only improved from 41 percent in 2010 to 40 percent in 2012 and has remained flat since.

This Report focuses on what has changed in Michigan since the first United ayW ALICE Report was published three years ago. It updates the cost of basic needs in the Household Survival Budget for each county in Michigan, and the number of households earning below this amount – the ALICE Threshold. It delves deeper into county and municipal data as well as ALICE and poverty-level households by race, ethnicity, age, and household type to reveal variations in hardship that are often masked by state averages. Finally this Report highlights emerging trends that will be important to ALICE in the future.

The data reveals an ongoing struggle for ALICE households and the obstacles to achieving financial stability:

• Struggling Households: Of Michigan’s 3.86 million households, 15 percent lived in poverty in 2015 and another 25 percent were ALICE. Combined, 40 percent (1.53 million households) had income below the ALICE Threshold, an improvement since 2010, but still above the level in 2007.

• Basic Cost of Living: The cost of basic household expenses increased steadily in every county in Michigan between 2007 and 2015. The average budget rose by 18 percent, which was above the national rate of inflation of 14 percent during that time period. In 2015, the average annual Household Survival Budget for a Michigan family of four (two adults with one infant and one preschooler) ranged from $43,920 in Osceola County to $64,320 in Macomb County – well above the family FPL of $ 24,250.

• Low-wage Jobs: Low-wage jobs continued to dominate the landscape in Michigan, with 62 percent of all jobs in the state paying less than $20 per hour. At this wage, a family of four falls far short of the Household Survival Budget of $56,064. And, more than two-thirds of these jobs pay less than $15 per hour.

• Assistance for ALICE: Since 2012, the amount needed to bring all ALICE households to financial stability has grown faster than government spending. Health care spending increased by 23 percent, accounting for two-thirds of all public and nonprofit spending on ALICE and poverty-level households. Because services and funds are not typically transferable from one area of need to another, there are large gaps between spending and need in many categories. For example, the gap to meet housing needs is 44 percent and the gap to meet child care is 50 percent.

• Emerging trends: Several trends could change the economic landscape for ALICE families:

○○The Michigan population is aging, and many seniors do not have the resources they need to support themselves.

○○ Differences by race and ethnicity persist, creating challenges for many ALICE families as well as for immigrants in Michigan.

○○ Low-wage jobs are projected to grow faster than higher-wage jobs over the next decade.

○○Technology is changing the workplace, adding some jobs, replacing many others, while also changing where people work, the hours they work, and the skills that are required. Technology creates opportunities as well as challenges for ALICE workers.

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 1 Using the best available information on those who are struggling, this Report offers an enhanced set of tools for stakeholders to measure the real challenges ALICE households face in trying to make ends meet. This information is presented to inform the discussion around programmatic and policy solutions for these households and their communities now and for the future. The lack of accurate information about the number of people who are “poor” and struggling distorts the identification of problems related to poverty, misguides policy solutions, and raises questions of equity, transparency, and fairness in the allocation of resources based on an outdated FPL. GLOSSARY

ALICE is an acronym that stands for Asset Limited, Income Constrained, Employed, comprising households with income above the Federal Poverty Level but below the basic cost of living.

The Household Survival Budget calculates the actual costs of basic necessities (housing, child care, food, health care, and transportation) in Michigan, adjusted for different counties and household types.

The ALICE Threshold is the average income that a household needs to afford the basic necessities defined by the Household Survival Budget for each county in Michigan. (Unless otherwise noted in this Report, households earning less than the ALICE Threshold include both ALICE and poverty-level households.)

The Household Stability Budget is greater than the basic Household Survival Budget and reflects the cost for household necessities at a modest but sustainable level. It adds a savings category and a cell phone category, and is adjusted for different counties and household types.

The ALICE Income Assessment is the calculation of all sources of income, resources, and assistance for ALICE and poverty-level households. Even with assistance, the Assessment reveals a shortfall, or Unfilled Gap, between what these households bring in and what is needed for them to reach the ALICE Threshold.

The Economic Viability Dashboard is comprised of three Indices that evaluate the economic conditions that matter most to ALICE households – Housing Affordability, Job Opportunities, and Community Resources. A Dashboard is provided for each county in the state.

2 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY AT-A-GLANCE: MICHIGAN, 2015 Point-in-Time Data

Population: 9,922,576 | Number of Counties: 83 | Number of Households: 3,857,706 How many households are struggling? ALICE, an acronym for Asset Limited, Income Constrained, Employed, are households that earn more than the Federal 15% Poverty Poverty Level (FPL), but less than the basic cost of living for 25% ALICE the state (the ALICE Threshold). Of Michigan’s 3.86 million 60% Above AT households, 15 percent earn below the FPL and another 25 percent are ALICE, down slightly from 2010 but still above the 2007 level. How much does ALICE earn? In Michigan, 62 percent of jobs 3,000 62% pay less than $20 per hour, with 2,500 $15–$20 two-thirds of those paying less than 2,000 1,500 $15 per hour. Another 29 percent 29% $10–$15 of jobs pay between $20 and $40 1,000 $30–$40 of jobs (in thousands) 500 per hour. Only 9 percent of jobs pay Less $20–$30 9% Than $10 0.3% 0.6% between $40 and $60 per hour. 0

Number Less Than $20 $20–$40 $40–$60 $60–$80 Above $80 What does it cost to afford the basic necessities? This bare-minimum Household Survival Budget increased by 18 percent from 2007 to 2015, while the rate of inflation was 14 percent. Affording only a very modest living, this budget is still significantly more than the Federal Poverty Level of $11,770 for a single adult and $24,250 for a family of four.

Monthly Costs, Michigan Average, 2015 2 ADULTS, 1 CHILD, 2007 – 2015 SINGLE ADULT 1 PRESCHOOLER PERCENT INCREASE Monthly Costs Housing $478 $696 14% Child Care $– $1,108 8% Food $184 $609 14% Transportation $359 $718 8% Health Care $183 $702 77% Miscellaneous $138 $425 18% Taxes $174 $414 19% Monthly Total $1,516 $4,672 18% ANNUAL TOTAL $18,192 $56,064 18% Hourly Wage $9.10 $28.04 18%

AT-A-GLANCE: MICHIGAN AT-A-GLANCE: *Wage working full time required to support this budget Note: Percent increases are an average of the increases in each category for a single-adult and for a four-person family Source: American Community Survey; U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD); U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA); Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS); Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and Michigan Department of Treasury; and Michigan Office of Great Start, 2015

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 3 AT-A-GLANCE: MICHIGAN, 2015 Point-in-Time Data

Population: 9,922,576 | Number of Counties: 83 | Number of Households: 3,857,706

Michigan Counties, 2015 Michigan Counties, 2015

County Total HH % ALICE & Poverty County Total HH % ALICE & Poverty

Alcona 5,001 42% Lake 4,365 59%

Alger 3,470 50% Lapeer 32,708 37%

Allegan 42,079 37% Leelanau 9,234 28%

Alpena 12,722 39% Lenawee 37,016 43%

Antrim 9,689 41% Livingston 71,100 27%

Arenac 6,447 46% Luce 2,377 55%

Baraga 2,974 52% Mackinac 5,209 33%

Barry 22,836 36% Macomb 341,532 38%

Bay 42,799 37% Manistee 10,142 39%

Benzie 7,225 37% Marquette 25,498 41%

Berrien 64,279 37% Mason 12,248 40%

Branch 16,022 46% Mecosta 15,478 47%

Calhoun 53,076 41% Menominee 10,679 39%

Cass 20,101 42% Midland 32,977 34%

Charlevoix 10,794 39% Missaukee 5,866 44%

Cheboygan 11,223 41% Monroe 58,886 33%

Chippewa 13,997 48% Montcalm 23,284 48%

Clare 13,255 53% Montmorency 4,070 48%

Clinton 29,072 30% Muskegon 63,215 40%

Crawford 5,954 38% Newaygo 18,339 41%

Delta 15,685 44% Oakland 497,819 30%

Dickinson 11,059 39% Oceana 9,822 47%

Eaton 43,551 29% Ogemaw 9,434 46%

Emmet 13,948 37% Ontonagon 3,084 47%

Genesee 163,488 40% Osceola 8,757 47%

Gladwin 10,960 47% Oscoda 3,686 47%

Gogebic 6,741 48% Otsego 9,956 36%

Grand Traverse 36,952 35% Ottawa 98,598 36%

Gratiot 14,716 48% Presque Isle 5,999 37%

Hillsdale 17,810 41% Roscommon 11,543 43%

Houghton 13,765 51% Saginaw 77,211 39%

Huron 13,805 42% St Clair 63,571 40%

Ingham 111,265 43% St Joseph 23,270 40%

Ionia 22,092 45% Sanilac 16,280 47%

Iosco 11,343 47% Schoolcraft 3,419 52%

Iron 5,392 49% Shiawassee 27,036 31%

Isabella 24,246 50% Tuscola 21,304 37%

Jackson 59,292 36% Van Buren 28,564 40%

Kalamazoo 101,228 36% Washtenaw 138,099 37%

Kalkaska 7,185 43% Wayne 667,521 52%

Kent 237,259 38% Wexford 12,673 44%

Keweenaw 1,040 47% AT-A-GLANCE: MICHIGAN AT-A-GLANCE:

4 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY I. WHO IS STRUGGLING IN MICHIGAN?

Michigan’s economy saw only incremental growth in recent years, making it difficult for many households to improve their financial status. Between 2012 and 2015, the economy showed signs of improvement, yet 40 percent of households in Michigan struggled financially, as the cost of living continued to exceed what most wages paid. In 2015, 40 percent of the state’s 3,857,706 households could not afford basic needs such as housing, child care, food, health care, and transportation. Many of Michigan’s households are living in poverty An even greater number are households with income above the Federal Poverty Level (FPL), but not earning enough to afford basic household necessities. They are ALICE – Asset Limited, Income Constrained, Employed.

This section reviews demographic trends of ALICE and poverty-level households by race, ethnicity, age, and household type from 2007 to 2015. It also delves into county and municipal data to reveal local variations that are often masked by state averages. While many expected the economic climate to improve in 2010, the technical end of the Great Recession, evidence of recovery didn’t emerge until 2012, and not always statewide.

ALL HOUSEHOLDS In Michigan, the total number of households decreased by 1.6 percent between 2007 and 2012 and then increased by 2.1 percent from 2012 to 2015, to 3,857,706, slightly above its 2007 number. But the number of ALICE and poverty-level households increased through the Great Recession (from 2007 to 2010) by 7 percent, and then fluctuated from 2010 to 2015 (Figure 1).

• Poverty: The number of households in poverty, defined in 2015 as $11,770 for a single adult and $24,250 for a family of four, increased steadily from 486,363 households in 2007 to 605,210 in 2012, a 22 percent increase; and then decreased by 5 percent from 2012 to 2015 to 571,866. The proportion of poverty-level households rose from 13 percent in 2007 to 16 percent in 2012, and fell slightly to 15 percent in 2015.

• ALICE: The number of ALICE households increased from 931,231 in 2007 to 994,762 in 2010, a 3 percent increase, and then fell slightly from 2010 to 2015 to 959,784. The proportion of ALICE households has fluctuated throughout the period, from a high of 26 percent in 2010 to a low of 24 percent in 2012.

• Above ALICE Threshold: The number of households above the ALICE Threshold decreased overall from 2.34 million in 2007 to 2.33 million in 2015, a 3 percent decrease. The proportion of households above the ALICE Threshold fell from 62 percent in 2007 to 60 percent in 2012 and 2015.

Figure 1. Household Income, Michigan, 2007 to 2015 ) 100% 4,500 90% 4,000 80% 3,500 Above AT 70% 59% 60% 60% 62% 3,000 60% 2,500 ALICE 50% 2,000 40% Poverty 1,500 30% 25% 26% 24% 25% 20% 1,000 Total HH 10% 15% 16% 15% 500 Percent of Households 13% 0% 0 2007 2010 2012 2015 Households (in thousands

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 5 Source: American Community Survey, 2007-2015, and the ALICE Threshold, 2007-2015; see Exhibit VII and ALICE Methodology for details AGE With some exceptions, the age distribution of ALICE households and households in poverty roughly reflects their proportion of the overall population. In 2015, households headed by someone under the age of 25 were by far the most likely to be in poverty (46 percent); with a poverty rate more than twice that of the other household groups (Figure 2). Households 65 and older have the lowest poverty rate (9 percent), but have the second highest ALICE rates (27 percent). Even groups in their prime earning years struggle to support their families: 41 percent of households headed by 25- to 44-year-olds and 37 percent of households headed by 45- to 64-year- olds earn below the ALICE Threshold. This distribution has been relatively consistent over time.

Figure 2. Household Income by Age of Head of Household, Michigan, 2015

100% 1,800 1,570

p 90% 25% 1,600 80% 1,400

Grou 70% 59% Above AT 1,147 63% 64% 1,200 987 60% 29% 1,000 ALICE 50% 800 40% Poverty 600 30% 23% Total HHs 24% 20% 46% 27% 400 153 Percent of Total Age 200 10% 18% Households (in thousands) 13% 9% 0% 0 Under 25 25 to 44 Years 45 to 64 Years 65 Years and Over

Source: American Community Survey, 2015, and the ALICE Threshold, 2015

Figure 3 shows changes in the population size as well as changes in poverty and ALICE rates for each age group from 2007 to 2015.

There were two notable trends:

• Michigan’s population is aging. The number of younger households decreased, while the number of older households increased. Households headed by someone 25 or younger fell by 10 percent from 2007 to 2015. Those headed by 25- to 44-year-olds saw the biggest decline in numbers, dropping by 15 percent. At the same time, the number of households headed by someone 45 to 64 years old increased by 3 percent from 2007 to 2015, and those headed by someone 65 years and older increased by 22 percent (American Community Survey, 2007, 2010, 2012, and 2015; Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, 2016).

• All age groups saw a decline in financial stability, with the exception of households 65 and older. Between 2007 and 2015, nearly each age group saw an increase in households living below the ALICE Threshold. The one exception is senior households, whose conditions improved throughout the period. While the proportion of households in poverty headed by someone 65 years and older remained flat at 9 percent, the proportion of senior ALICE households decreased steadily from 34 percent in 2007 to 27 percent in 2015. Note in Figure 3 that total household scales vary among age groups.

6 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY Figure 3. Trends in Households by Income by Age, Michigan, 2007 to 2015

Under 25 25 to 44

100% 180 100% 1,400 19% 20% 25% 160 25% 1,200 80% 140 80% 59% 58% 59% 1,000 30% 28% 120 63% 29% 60% 32% 100 60% 800 80 600 40% 40% 60 23% 22% 23% 400 51% 52% 46% 22% 20% 43% 40 20% 200 Percent of Households

20 Percent of Households 15% 18% 20% 18% Households (in thousands) 0% 0 0% 0 Households (in thousands) 2007 2010 2012 2015 2007 2010 2012 2015

45 to 64 65 and Older

100% 1,800 ) 100% 1,200 1,600 1,000 80% 1,400 80% 68% 63% 64% 63% 1,200 800 60% 60% 1,000 62% 64% 57% 59% 600 800 40% 40% 600 400 24% 32% 22% 25% 23% 400 34% 29% 27% 20% 20% 200 Percent of Households 200 Percent of Households 10% 12% 13% 13% 9% 9% 9% 9% Households (in thousands 0% 0 0% 0 Households (in thousands) 2007 2010 2012 2015 2007 2010 2012 2015

Poverty ALICE Above AT Total HH

Source: American Community Survey, 2007-2015, and the ALICE Threshold, 2015 RACE AND ETHNICITY

In Michigan, the total number of non-white households has grown steadily, while there was a decline in the number of White households (the United Way ALICE Reports follow the U.S. Census classification for non-Whites to include Blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and Native Americans). Without the increase in Hispanic and Asian households, Michigan would have had a negative population growth from 2007 to 2015.

ALICE and poverty-level households exist in every racial and ethnic group in Michigan. Because there are significantly more White households in the state than non-white households, White households also make up the largest number of households living below the ALICE Threshold. There were 1,077,883 White households with income below the ALICE Threshold in 2015, compared to 415,772 for all other ethnic/racial households below the ALICE Threshold. However, non-white households made up a proportionally larger share of households below the ALICE Threshold, with 62 percent of Black households below the ALICE Threshold and 54 percent of Hispanic households, compared to 35 percent of White households (Figure 4).

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 7 Figure 4. Households by Race/Ethnicity and Income, Michigan, 2015

100% 3,500 3,050 90% 3,000

p 38%

80% ) 46% 70% 2,500 65% 69% Above AT 60% 2,000 ALICE

50% Below 35% 1,500 $15,000/year 40% 37% Total HH 30% 1,000

25% Households (in thousands Percent of Race/Ethnic Grou 20% 20% 513 27% 500 10% 17% 10% 125 11% 87 0% 0 White Black Hispanic Asian

The change in the number of households by race and ethnicity reveals some emerging trends in Michigan (Figure 5).

Black Households • Total Households: Blacks are the next largest racial/ethnic group in Michigan, with their number increasing by 3 percent from 2007 to 2015, to 513,293 households in 2015.

• Poverty: The percent of Black households in poverty increased from 27 percent in 2007 to 30 percent in 2012, but then dropped back down to 27 percent in 2015.

• ALICE: The percent of Black ALICE households remained flat at 34 percent from 2007 to 2012 and then increased to 35 percent in 2015.

• ALICE Threshold: In 2015, 62 percent of Black households lived below the ALICE Threshold. Hispanic Households • Total Households: Hispanic households are the third largest racial/ethnic group in Michigan, with their number increasing by 13 from 2007 to 2015 to 124,596 households.

• Poverty: The percent of Hispanic households in poverty stayed relatively flat from 2007 to 2015, hovering around 17 percent.

• ALICE: The percent of Hispanic ALICE households fell from 39 percent in 2007 to 36 percent in 2010, and then increased to 37 percent by 2015.

• ALICE Threshold: In 2015, 54 percent of Hispanic households lived below the ALICE Threshold.

8 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY Race and ethnicity are overlapping categories, which can be an issue when reporting Hispanic households. In all Michigan counties, the overlap is minimal; less than 5 percent of the White population is also Hispanic. The percent of Hispanic and White households has increased over time in Michigan and across the country due to the increase in Hispanic immigration as well as to changes in the way people self-identify and answer the Census questions (American Community Survey, 2015; Humes, Jones, & Ramirez, 2011).

Asian Households • Total Households: The total number of Asian households rose by 13 percent from 2007 to 2015 to 86,719 households.

• Poverty: The percent of Asian households in poverty increased from 10 percent in 2007 to 11 percent in 2010, but then remained flat through 2015.

• ALICE: The percent of Asian ALICE households increased steadily from 18 percent in 2007 to 20 percent in 2015.

• ALICE Threshold: In 2015, 31 percent of Asian households lived below the ALICE Threshold. White Households • Total Households: Following a slightly different trajectory, the total number of White households decreased by 2 percent from 2007 to 2015, to 3,049,904. This trend reflected a slower birth rate and the consolidation of households, which suggests that people moved in together to save money (such as college graduates moving in with their parents or older workers living with roommates).

• Poverty: The percent of White households in poverty increased from 11 percent in 2007 to 12 percent in 2010, remained flat through 2012, and then fell to 10 percent in 2015.

• ALICE: The percent of White ALICE households increased significantly from 22 percent in 2007 to 25 percent in 2010, and then remained relatively flat.

• ALICE Threshold: In 2015, 35 percent of White households lived below the ALICE Threshold.

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 9 Figure 5. Households by Race/Ethnicity and Income, Michigan, 2007 to 2015

Black 100% 600 90% 80% 500 39% 37% 36% 38% 70% 400 60% 50% 300 n thousands) 34% 34% 35% 40% 34% 30% 200 10% 30% 100 20% 27% 29% 27% useholds (i Percent of Households 0% 0 2007 2010 2012 2015 Ho Hispanic 100% 140 90% 120 80% 46% 46% 100 70% 44% 47% 60% 80 50% n thousands) 40% 60 39% 36% 36% 37% 30% 40 10% 20 20% 17% 17% 18% 17% useholds (i Percent of Households 0% 0 2007 2010 2012 2015 Ho Asian 100% 100 90% 90 80% 80 70% 70 72% 71% 70% 60% 60

69% n thousands) 50% 50 40% 40 30% 30 10% 18% 18% 19% 20% 20 20% 10 useholds (i Percent of Households 10% 11% 11% 11% 0% 0 2007 2010 2012 2015 Ho Non-Hispanic White 100% 3,500 90% 3,000 80% 2,500 70% 67% 63% 64% 65% 60% 2,000 50% n thousands) 40% 1,500 30% 1,000 25% 10% 22% 24% 25% 20% 500 useholds (i Percent of Households 11% 12% 12% 10% 0% 0 2007 2010 2012 2015 Ho

Poverty ALICE Above AT Total HH

Note: Because household poverty data is not available for the American Community Survey’s Race/Ethnicity categories, annual income below $15,000 is used as a proxy for poverty. 10 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY Source: American Community Survey, 2007-2015, and the ALICE Threshold, 2015 HOUSEHOLD TYPE Households are changing across the U.S. People are increasingly living in a wider variety of arrangements, including singles living alone or with roommates, and grown children living with parents. Since the 1970s, U.S. households have followed a trend of smaller households, fewer households with children, fewer married-couple households, and more people living alone, especially at older ages. Today, single and cohabiting adults with no children under 18 years old make up the largest group in Michigan, accounting for 48 percent of households (Figure 6). The percent of single households in Michigan is not available, but nationally, approximately 27 percent of all households are single-adult households younger than 65 (Vespa, Lewis, & Kreider, 2013).

Figure 6. Household Types by Income, Michigan, 2015

2,000 ) p 100% 1,852 90% 1,800

Grou 80% 1,600 70% 58% 61% 64 % 1,400 Above AT 60% 1,200 1,018 ALICE 50% 987 1,000 40% 800 Poverty 30% 28% 18% 600 Total HHs 20% 27% 400 21% 10% 14% 200

9% Households (in thousands Percent of Total Age 0% 0 Single & Cohabiting Families with 65 and Over (No Children below 18) Children

Source: American Community Survey, 2015, and the ALICE Threshold, 2015

Single and cohabiting households without children under 18 are also the group with the largest number of households below the ALICE Threshold in Michigan. In 2015, 42 percent of these households had income below the ALICE Threshold, with 14 percent in poverty and 28 percent ALICE (Figure 6). The proportion of single and cohabiting households below the ALICE Threshold increased from 38 percent in 2007 to 42 percent in 2015 (Figure 7).

Figure 7. Single & Cohabiting (No Children Below 18) Households by Income, Michigan, 2015

100% 2,000 90% 1,800 ds 80% 1,600 70% 62% 58% 1,400 Above AT 57% 58% 60% 1,200 ALICE 50% 1,000 40% 800 Poverty

30% 29% 27% 28% 600 26% Total HH

rcent of Househol 20% 400

Pe 10% 200 12% 14% 15% 14% 0% 0 Households (in thousands) 2007 2010 2012 2015

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 11 Source: American Community Survey, 2007-2015, and the ALICE Threshold, 2015 Families with Children Not surprisingly, households with young children have the most expensive Household Survival Budget of all household types. Not only are these households larger, but they have the additional expense of child care, preschool, and after-school care. The biggest factors determining the economic stability of a household with children are the number of wage earners, the gender of the wage earners, and the number and age of children.

The number of families with children in Michigan decreased by 6 percent from 2007 to 2015. Those families with married parents had the biggest decline, falling by 16 percent from 2007 to 2015, while the number of single female-headed families decreased by 12 percent and single male-headed families increased by 3 percent. While married-parent families with children far outnumber single-headed families, a higher number and proportion of children in single-headed families live below the ALICE Threshold (Figure 8).

Figure 8. Families with Children by Income, Michigan, 2015

393,168 Families with Children Below ALICE Threshold (BAT)

100% 800 90% 20% 670 700 ) 80% 40%

Type 600 70% 29% 500 60% 81% 50% 400

33% (in thousands 40% 260 300 30% 51% 200 20% Percent of Family 11% 27% 88 Families 10% 100 8% 0% 0 Married Single Single Female-Headed Male-Headed

Above AT ALICE Poverty Total HHs

Source: American Community Survey, 2015, and the ALICE Threshold, 2015

There are large differences in the economic conditions of married and single-parent families in Michigan.

In the majority of married-parent families, both parents are working (Working Poor Families Project (WPFP), 2016). Dual-income couples typically have a higher household income than single-parent families and tend to be better able to pay their expenses. This partly explains why 81 percent of married-couple families with children in Michigan have income above the ALICE Threshold (Figure 9).

It is important to note that the reality of a single-parent family is changing. According to the U.S. Census, the category of “single-parent” homes includes one parent as the sole adult (37 percent nationally), or a parent with a cohabiting partner (11 percent), or a parent with another adult age 18 or older who lives in the home, such as a grown child or grandparent (52 percent). In other words, even in most single-parent families, there may be at least two adults in the home who contribute financially to the household (Vespa, Lewis, & Kreider, 2013). Despite these changes, single-parent families are still more likely to have income below the ALICE Threshold.

12 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY In 2015, in Michigan, 80 percent of single female-headed families and 60 percent of single male-headed families lived below the ALICE Threshold, compared to 19 percent of married-couple families with children. Yet because the number of married-couple families in Michigan is so large, they still account for a significant portion of all children living below the ALICE Threshold.

When addressing poverty, the media and the community often focus on households with single mothers. But there are households of all types that struggle to make ends meet. Single female-headed families only account for 18 percent of all working-age households below the ALICE Threshold.

Figure 9. Families with Children by Income, Michigan, 2007 to 2015

Married Single Female-headed 100% 900,000 100% 350,000 90% 800,000 90% 25% 22% 20% 20% 300,000 80% 700,000 80% 250,000 70% 600,000 70% 27% 26% 29% 60% 80% 80% 81% 31% 84% 500,000 60% 200,000 50% 50% 400,000 40% 40% 150,000 300,000 Households 30% Households 30% 54% 51% 100,000 200,000 44% 51% 20% rcent of Households 20% 11% 10% 11% 50,000

Percent of Households 100,000 10% 10% Pe 10% 9% 10% 8% 0% 6% 0 0% 0 2007 2010 2012 2015 2007 2010 2012 2015 Single Male-headed 100% 100,000 90% 90,000 80% 80,000 70% 70,000 47% 39% 41% 40% 60% 60,000 50% 50,000 32% 29% 33% 40% 31% 40,000

30% 30,000 Households

rcent of Households 20% 20,000 29% 30% 27% Pe 10% 22% 10,000 0% 0 2007 2010 2012 2015 Poverty ALICE Above AT Total HH

Source: American Community Survey, 2007-2015

ALICE BY COUNTY Where ALICE families live matters: The Harvard Equality of Opportunity Project has demonstrated the importance of where we live, and especially where we grow up, in determining the directions that our lives take (Chetty & Hendren, 2015). Local economic conditions largely determine the number of households in a county or state that struggle financially. These conditions indicate how difficult it is to survive without adequate income and assets to afford basic household necessities.

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 13 Although ALICE households live in every county in Michigan, there is enormous variation in the percentage of ALICE and poverty-level households among counties, ranging from 27 percent of households with income below the ALICE Threshold in Livingston County to 59 percent in Lake County (Figure 10). Contrary to stereotypes that suggest poverty only exists in inner cities, ALICE families live in rural, urban, and suburban areas.

The county-level data provides a useful lens for change over time from 2007 and 2015. The percent of households with income below the ALICE Threshold increased across the state from 2007 to 2015. Overall, more counties had a higher percentage of households with income below the ALICE Threshold in 2015 than they had in 2007 (white sections in Figure 10 indicate no data was available). In addition the percent of households living below the ALICE Threshold increased from a county average of 36 percent in 2007 to 42 percent in 2015 (this is different from the statewide figure of 40 percent below the ALICE Threshold). This means that each county saw on average a 14 percent increase in the number of households below the ALICE Threshold.

Figure 10. Percentage of Households with Income Below the ALICE Threshold by County, Michigan, 2007 and 2015

2007 2015

Traverse City Traverse City

Grand Rapids Grand Rapids Lansing Lansing Detroit Detroit

Percent Households Below ALICE Threshold 21% 60%

Source: American Community Survey, 2007 and 2015, and the ALICE Threshold, 2007 and 2015

Details on each county’s household income and ALICE demographics, as well as further breakdown by municipality, are listed in the ALICE County Pages (Exhibit I).

14 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY CHANGES AT THE LOCAL LEVEL In 2015, ALICE and poverty-level households represented 30 percent of households in the majority of the 1,494 towns and cities that reported households with income. It is difficult to measure change over time in Michigan’s smaller towns and cities because small population size and data limited to 5-year estimates make it more difficult to track. But there is reliable data on changes over time for the largest towns in Michigan.

Michigan’s largest cities, those with more than 25,000 households, vary greatly in their proportion of households below the ALICE Threshold, ranging from 22 percent in Troy and Rochester Hills to 70 percent in Detroit. From 2007 to 2015, most large cities experienced only modest population change, with the exception of Dearborn. Home to one of the largest Arab populations, Dearborn saw a 39 percent growth in households, fueled primarily by immigration, but also by residents relocating from Detroit. Reflecting the shift away from high-paying manufacturing jobs, Dearborn, Lansing, and Troy experienced the largest increases in the number of households below the ALICE Threshold (50 percent, 40 percent, and 41 percent respectively). Other cities, such as Farmington Hills and Rochester Hills, benefited from major corporations investing in technology and technology jobs, and experienced a large decrease in the number of households below the ALICE Threshold (39 percent and 24 percent, respectively). Continuing to face hard times, Detroit had one of the largest decreases in the number of households, 8 percent, but only a modest 1 percent decrease in the number of households below the ALICE Threshold (Figure 11) (Rochester Regional Chamber of Commerce, 2016; Greater Farmington Area Chamber of Commerce, 2016; American Immigration Council, 2015).

Figure 11. Households below the ALICE Threshold, Largest Cities and Towns in Michigan, 2015

Largest Cities and Percentage of Number of Percent Change Towns (Above 25,000 Households Below Households 2007–2015 Households) ALICE Threshold

2015 2015 HOUSEHOLDS BELOW AT Detroit 255,580 70% -8% -1% Grand Rapids 73,488 49% 2% 2% Warren City 54,688 48% 3% 13% Sterling Heights City 49,296 35% 0% 6% Ann Arbor City 48,803 42% 8% -3% Lansing City 47,338 56% -2% 40% Flint City 40,143 61% -4% 5% Livonia City 36,943 26% 0% 0% Westland City 33,719 47% -3% 2% Farmington Hills City 33,505 28% -3% -39% Troy City 32,004 22% 3% 41% Southfield City 31,613 43% 0% 5% Dearborn City 31,183 43% 39% 50% Kalamazoo City 29,040 53% 8% 4% Royal Oak City 28,371 32% 2% -4% Wyoming City 28,200 48% 0% 20% Rochester Hills City 27,224 22% -6% -24%

Source: American Community Survey, 2007-2015, and the ALICE Threshold, 2007-2015; see Exhibit VI and ALICE Methodology for details

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 15 II. WHAT DOES IT COST TO FUNCTION IN TODAY’S ECONOMY?

HOUSEHOLD SURVIVAL BUDGET The Household Survival Budget reflects the bare minimum cost to live and work in the modern economy. In Michigan, the average Household Survival Budget was $56,064 for a four-person family and $18,192 for a single adult in Michigan in 2015 (Figure 12). The hourly wage necessary to support a family budget is $28.04 working 40 hours per week for 50 weeks per year for one parent (or $14.02 per hour each, if two parents work), and $9.10 per hour full-time for a single adult.

Figure 12. Household Survival Budget, Michigan Average, 2015

Monthly Costs, Michigan Average, 2015

2 ADULTS, 1 INFANT, SINGLE ADULT 2007 – 2015 1 PRESCHOOLER PERCENT INCREASE Monthly Costs Housing $478 $696 14% Child care $– $1,108 8% Food $184 $609 14% Transportation $359 $718 8% Health care $183 $702 *77% Miscellaneous $138 $425 18% Taxes $174 $414 19% Monthly Total $1,516 $4,672 18% ANNUAL TOTAL $18,192 $56,064 18% Hourly Wage** $9.10 $28.04 18%

* Increase in out-of-pocket health care costs from 2007 to 2015 was 48%; increase including ACA penalty was 77%. ** Wage working full-time required to support this budget Note: Percent increases in Figure 12 are an average of the increases in each category for a single-adult and for a four-person family. Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), 2015; U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2015; Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 2015; Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Michigan Department of Treasury, 2015; and Michigan Office of Great Start, 2015

The cost of household basics in the Household Survival Budget – housing, child care, food, transportation, health care, taxes, and other miscellaneous essentials – increased by 16 percent for a single adult and 20 percent for a family of four from 2007 to 2015 (Figure 13; note, Figure 12 shows the average percent increase for the two budgets between 2007 and 2015) while the average wage increased by 18 percent. In comparison, the rate of inflation nationally was 14 percent. The rise in the Household Survival Budget in Michigan was driven primarily by a 14 percent increase in housing and food and a 77 percent increase in health care costs (Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 2015).

16 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY The majority of the increase in health care costs was due to increases in out-of-pocket medical expenses, while one-third of the budget increase in health care costs was due to costs associated with the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Since ALICE does not earn enough to afford the premiums for the ACA Marketplace plans – even the least expensive Bronze plan – and many ALICE households make too much to be eligible for Medicaid (the eligibility cutoff is 138 percent of the FPL), the Household Survival Budget, includes the least expensive option, which is the cost of the “shared responsibility payment” – the penalty for not having coverage. The annual penalty was $325 for a single adult and $975 for a family of four in 2015 (Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 2016). These costs may change in the future as insurance plans change and federal health care legislation changes over time in Michigan and across the country.

From a broader perspective, many households in Michigan with income below the ALICE Threshold were able to purchase insurance through the ACA Marketplace due to Cost Sharing Reductions and Premium Tax Credits. With significant increases in ACA enrollments, Michigan has reduced the number of uninsured in all income groups (American Community Survey, 2007, 2010, 2012, and 2015; Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), 2016).

Figure 13. Household Survival Budget, Michigan Average, 2007 to 2015

$60,000 20% Change

$50,000 $56,064 $40,000 2007

$30,000 2010

16% Change 2015 Cost of Budge t $20,000

$18,192 $10,000

$0 AdultFamily

Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) , 2007-2015; U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) , 2007-2015; Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 2007-2015; Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 2007-2015; Michigan Department of Treasury, 2007-2015; and Michigan Office of Great Start, 2007-2015

The Household Survival Budget for seniors is based on the budget for a single adult, so likely underestimates the additional costs many seniors incur, especially those with health issues. For example, Medicare does not cover most dental and foot care, eye exams and glasses, and aides and equipment (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), 2016).

The Household Survival Budget varies across Michigan counties. The basic essentials were least expensive for a family in Osceola at $43,920 per year, and for a single adult in Tuscola at $16,512. They were most expensive for a family in Macomb at $64,320, and for a single adult in Washtenaw at $21,288. A Household Survival Budget for each county in Michigan is presented in the County Page Exhibit; there is also a Methodology Exhibit, and additional budgets for different family variations are available at http://spaa.newark.rutgers.edu/united-way-alice.

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 17 HOUSEHOLD SURVIVAL BUDGET COMPONENTS

Housing: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)’s Fair Market Rent (FMR) for an efficiency apartment for a single adult and a two-bedroom apartment for a family. The cost includes utilities but not telephone service, and it does not include a security deposit.

Child Care: The cost of registered home-based child care for an infant and a 4-year-old. Home-based child care has only voluntary licensing, so the quality of care that it provides is not regulated and may vary widely between locations (Michigan Office of Great Start, 2007-2015). However, licensed and accredited child care centers, which are fully regulated to meet standards of quality care, are significantly more expensive.

Food: U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Thrifty Food Plan, which is also the basis for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) benefits.

Like the original Economy Food Plan, the Thrifty Food Plan was designed to meet the nutritional requirements of a healthy diet, but it includes foods that need a lot of home preparation time with little waste, plus skill in both buying and preparing food. The cost of the Thrifty Food Plan takes into account broad regional variation across the country but not localized variation, which can be even greater, especially for fruits and vegetables (Hanson, 2008; Leibtag & Kumcu, 2011).

Transportation: The transportation budget is calculated using average annual expenditures for transportation by car and by public transportation from the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Consumer Expenditure Survey (CES). Since the CES is reported by metropolitan statistical areas and regions, counties are matched with the most local level possible.

Health Care: The health care budget includes nominal out-of-pocket health care spending, medical services, prescription drugs, and medical supplies using the average annual health expenditure reported in the CES plus a penalty for not purchasing insurance as mandated by the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Because ALICE does not qualify for Medicaid but cannot afford even the Bronze Marketplace premiums and deductibles, we add the cost of the “shared responsibility payment” – the penalty for not having coverage – to the current out-of-pocket health care spending. The penalty for 2015 was $325 for a single adult and $975 for a family of four.

Miscellaneous: The miscellaneous category includes 10 percent of the budget total (including taxes) to cover cost overruns. It could be used for items many consider additional essentials, such as toiletries, diapers, cleaning supplies, or work clothes.

Taxes: The tax budget includes both federal and state income taxes where applicable, as well as Social Security and Medicare taxes. These rates include standard federal and state deductions and exemptions, as well as the federal Child Tax Credit and the Child and Dependent Care Credit as defined in the Internal Revenue Service 1040: Individual Income Tax, Forms and Instructions. They also include state tax deductions and exemptions such as the Personal Tax Credit and renter’s credit as defined in each state Department of Revenue’s 1040: Individual Income Tax, Forms and Instructions. In most cases, ALICE households do not qualify for the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) eligibility limit.

18 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY HOW DOES THE SURVIVAL BUDGET COMPARE? The Household Survival Budget is a very specific measure that is used to recognize the bare minimum costs for a household to live and work in the modern economy, calculated on actual household expenditures. By comparison, other existing budgets provide different ways to view local economies, ranging from the very lowest measure, the Federal Poverty Level (FPL), to the highest, the Household Stability Budget (Figure 14).

Figure 14. Comparison of Household Budgets (family of 4), Calhoun County, Michigan, 2015

FPL $24,250/year

ALICE Survival $689 $1,044 $609 $697 $707 3 $53,208/year $40 $285

MIT $753 $893 $753 $901 $408 $724 $58,830/year $446

EPI $62,673/year $689 $1,029 $782 $608 $824 $710 $580 $99 ALICE Stability $97,512/year $1,039$1,346 $1,159 $1,201 $927 $567 $567$1,221

$0 $1,000 $2,000 $3,000 $4,000 $5,000 $6,000 $7,000 $8,000 $9,000 Monthly Cost

Housing Child Care Food Transportation Health Care Cell Phone Savings Miscellaneous Taxes

Source: American Community Survey, 2015; The ALICE Threshold, 2015; MIT, Calhoun County, 2016; Economic Policy Institute, 2015, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), 2015; U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2015; Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 2015; Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 2015

Budget Comparisons The Household Survival Budget is significantly higher than the FPL of $24,250 per year for a family of four and $11,770 per year for a single adult in 2015 (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2015). However, it is lower than the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Living Wage Calculator’s budget by 11 percent in Calhoun County, Michigan, and the Economic Policy Institute’s Family Budget Calculator by 18 percent in the Battle Creek metro area (Calhoun County) (note, the EPI budget is in 2014 dollars). Though these alternative budgets are slightly more comfortable, providing for higher quality housing and child care, more nutritious food, more reliable transportation, and employer-sponsored health insurance, it would still be hard to live on these budgets for a long period of time. It is important to note that while the budgets use similar calculations for taxes, the amount of taxes in the alternative budgets are higher because their base budgets are higher. As the total budget increases, the income needed to cover the expenses increases, and higher income results in a larger tax bill. Detailed comparison of the budgets is outlined below (Figure 15) (Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 2015; U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2015; Economic Policy Institute, 2015).

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 19 Figure 15. Comparison of Household Budgets by Category, 2015

Household Survival EPI Family Budget MIT Living Wage Budget Budget Calculator

HUD’s 40th rent percentile for a HUD’s 40th rent percentile for HUD’s 40th rent percentile for two-bedroom apartment (which a two-bedroom apartment plus a two-bedroom apartment Housing includes all utilities whether paid additional utilities to HUD’s plus additional utilities to by the landlord/owner or by the estimate. HUD’s estimate. renter). Licensed and accredited child care centers, which Lowest-cost child care option have significantly higher available (usually home-based costs than home-based Home-based child care for an care) for a 4-year-old and a Child Care centers for a “young child” infant and a preschooler. school-age child, whose care is and a “child” (no ages generally less costly than infant specified), whose care is child care. generally less costly than infant child care. USDA’s Low-Cost Food Plan USDA’s Thrifty Food Plan for a USDA’s Low-Cost Food Plan for a estimates the cost of food Food family of four. family of four. for each person in the family and totals those numbers. Includes only the operating Includes operating costs for a car Includes operating costs costs for a car (including Transportation (including car insurance) and the for a car (including car car insurance), or public cost of vehicle financing. insurance). transportation where available. Out-of-pocket health care Employer-sponsored health ACA’s least expensive Health Care expenses plus the Affordable insurance, medical services and Bronze plan. Care Act (ACA) penalty. supplies, and drugs. Includes apparel, personal Includes 10 percent of the Includes essential clothing and Miscellaneous care, and household budget for cost overruns. household expenses. supplies.

Source: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 2015; Economic Policy Institute, 2015; Glasmeier & Nadeau, 2015

Household Stability Budget Because the alternative budgets only cover the bare essentials, it is helpful to calculate a budget that provides for stability over time – as well as a reasonable quality of life, and peace of mind. The ALICE Household Stability Budget is meant to fill this gap. This budget is significantly higher than the other measures because it estimates what it costs to support and sustain a secure and economically viable household.

The Household Stability Budget includes:

• Safer housing that needs fewer repairs, reflected in the median rent for single adults and single parents, and a moderate house with a mortgage for a two-parent family.

• Child care is upgraded to licensed and accredited care where quality is regulated.

• Food is elevated to the USDA’s Moderate Food Plan, which provides more variety than the Thrifty Food Plan and requires less skill and time for shopping and cooking, plus one meal out per month.

• Transportation includes leasing a car, allowing drivers to more easily maintain a basic level of safety and reliability.

• Health insurance is represented by the cost of an employer-sponsored health plan.

20 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY • The addition of cell phone ownership, which is increasingly necessary to work in the modern economy.

• A Miscellaneous category, which represents 10 percent of the five basic necessities.

• The addition of a Savings category because savings are crucial to achieving stability. Savings equal 10 percent of the budget, which is typically enough to invest in education and retirement, cover monthly payments on a student loan, or put towards a down payment on a house. However, in many cases, savings are used for emergencies and never accumulate. The average Household Stability Budget for Michigan is $98,457 per year for a family of four – 83 percent higher than the Household Survival Budget (Figure 14 shows the Household Stability Budget for Calhoun County, which is $97,512).

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 21 III. ACHIEVING STABILITY: INCOME, SAVINGS AND PUBLIC ASSISTANCE

It is often assumed that ALICE households have savings to draw upon in an emergency or have access to public assistance as a last resort. However, most ALICE households have little or no savings, and are not typically eligible for public and private assistance because their earnings are above qualifying limits. This section reports how resources have changed over time.

SHIFTS IN SOURCES OF INCOME Changes in the sources of income for Michigan households during the period between 2007 and 2015 provide insight into the way the economy’s downturn and rebound impacted families differently. The toughest economic years were from 2007 to 2010, when most of these income changes occurred. Some of those trends have since been reversed, but none have returned to pre-2007 levels (Figure 16).

In 2015, 72 percent (2.77 million) of households had wage or salary income (blue bar, left axis), the most common sources of income for households in Michigan. The number of households with wage or salary income decreased by 7 percent from 2007 to 2012 but then increased by 2 percent from 2012 to 2015. With total earnings rising 19 percent since 2010 (dotted yellow line, right axis), but 62 percent of all jobs paying less than $20 an hour, it suggests that workers earning higher wages are responsible for the increase in total earnings, while low-wage workers’ earnings have not kept pace (American Community Survey, 2007, 2010, 2012, and 2015).

Figure 16. Earnings by Number of Households and Aggregate Total, Michigan, 2007 to 2015

2,950 $212 )

2,900 $192

2,850 $172 2,800 $152

2,750 Income (in billions olds (in thousands) $132 2,700

Househ 2,650 $112 Aggregate

2,600 $92 2007 2010 2012 2015

Households with Earnings Aggregate Earnings

Source: American Community Survey, 2007-2015

22 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY Households in Michigan receive several other types of income as well (Figure 17). Although much has been written about the “gig” economy (also known as the contract or non-traditional economy), only a small number of households in Michigan list self-employment as a source of income (though more may earn and not report it). Just 9 percent of households reported self-employment income in 2015. The self-employed took a hit during the Great Recession and continued to fall since, dropping by 13 percent from 2007 to 2015 (American Community Survey, 2007, 2010, 2012, and 2015).

Figure 17. Percent Change in Household Sources of Income, Michigan, 2007 to 2015

1,400,000 22% Change

1,200,000 -16% Change 1,000,000 5% Change 800,000 40% Change

600,000

Households -13% Change 400,000 53% Change 200,000 -13% Change

0 Social Interest or Retirement SNAP Self-EmploymentSSI TANF Security Dividends

2007 2010 2012 2015

Source: American Community Survey, 2007-2015

The next most common source of income after wages is Social Security. The impact of the aging population is evident in the 22 percent increase in the number of households getting Social Security income and the 5 percent increase in households receiving retirement income from 2007 to 2015.

The impact of the financial downturn on households during this time period is also reflected in the striking increase in the number of Michigan households receiving income from government sources other than Social Security. While not all ALICE households qualified for government support between 2007 and 2015, many with one or more members who lost a job during this period began receiving government assistance for the first time. The number of households receiving SNAP, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program formerly known as food stamps, increased by more than 40 percent. The average SNAP benefit increased 44 percent from 2007 to 2012, but then decreased by 8 percent from 2012 to 2015 to $125.65 per person per month (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2014).

At the same time, the number of households receiving government aid once known as “welfare,” through Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), which totaled about 105,000 families in 2015, increased by 28 percent from 2007 to 2010, but then started to decrease, falling by 32 percent from 2010 to 2015. The number of households receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI), which includes welfare payments to low-income people who are 65 and older and to people of any age who are blind or disabled, rose by 53 percent through the period (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2009, 2014).

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 23 SAVINGS AND ASSETS With so many families not able to keep up with the cost of living, accumulating assets is difficult in Michigan. The cost of unexpected emergencies, ranging from natural disasters to personal health crises, can deplete savings. Job losses have forced people to tap into their retirement savings, or take out second mortgages or home equity lines of credit. Having minimal or no assets makes ALICE households more vulnerable to emergencies. It also can increase their overall costs when they have to use alternative financing with fees and high interest rates that make it difficult or impossible to save money or amass more assets.

According to a 2015 Financial Capability Survey, 49 percent of Michigan residents did not have a “rainy day fund” to cover expenses for three months, in case of emergencies such as sickness, job loss, or economic downturn. These findings are on par with the 2011 Corporation for Enterprise Development (CFED) survey that found 25 percent of Michigan households were “asset poor,” defined as not having enough net worth to subsist at the poverty level for three months without income. And 39 percent were “liquid asset poor,” which includes cash or a savings account, but not a vehicle or home (Corporation for Enterprise Development (CFED), 2012; FINRA Investor Education Foundation, 2016).

While data on savings and investments is minimal, levels of ownership of three of the most common assets in Michigan – vehicles, homes, and investments – provide insight into resources families have for emergencies and to accumulate wealth (Figure 18). Most Michigan households have at least one vehicle, a necessity for work. In 2015, 34 percent of all households had one vehicle, 39 percent had two, and 19 percent had three or more. While cars offer benefits beyond their cash value, they are not an effective means of accumulating wealth because the value of a car normally depreciates over time. In addition, many ALICE households need to borrow money in order to buy a vehicle (Jones, 2014; Center for Responsible Lending, 2014; Kiernan, 2016; Zabritski, 2016).

The second most common asset is a home, an asset that has traditionally provided financial stability and the primary means for low-income families to accumulate wealth. Since the subprime housing crisis in 2007, however, homeownership has become a less reliable way of building assets. In 2015, 71 percent of Michigan households owned a home, down from the peak of 77.4 percent in 2006. As homeownership is a primary asset for many families, they are significantly affected by changes in home prices. This is especially important for the 64 percent of Michigan homeowners who have a mortgage. According to the 2015 Financial Capability Survey, 7 percent of Michigan homeowners thought that they would owe more on their home than they would earn by selling it (American Community Survey, 2007, 2010, 2012, and 2015; Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2016; Herbert, McCue, & Sanchez-Moyano, September 2013; Federal Reserve, 2014; FINRA Investor Education Foundation, 2016).

The most effective resource to weather an emergency is an investment that produces income, which can range from a checking account to a 401K retirement plan to a rental property. Only 21 percent of households in Michigan received interest and dividends or rental income (same as the national average). The number of households with investment income dropped by 16 percent between 2007 and 2012, largely because of the stock market crash as many families used assets to cover expenses during periods of unemployment and lower income. The number with investment income picked up in 2012, increasing by 7 percent from 2012 to 2015. When combined with an emergency, the loss of these assets forced many households below the ALICE Threshold (Bricker, et al., 2014; American Community Survey, 2007, 2010, 2012, and 2015; Federal Reserve, 2014).

24 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY Figure 18. Households with Assets, Michigan, 2015

100%

90%

3+ Vehicles, 19% 80%

70%

60%

2 Vehicles, 39% With Mortgage, 50% 43%

40% rcent of Households

Pe 30%

20% 1 Vehicle, 34% No Mortgage, 28% 10% 21%

0% VehicleHome Interest, Dividends, or Rental Income

Source: American Community Survey, 2015

DOES PUBLIC ASSISTANCE BRING FINANCIAL STABILITY? The persistence of low wages, underemployment, periods of unemployment, and loss of employer-sponsored benefits have led to financial insecurity for many ALICE households. As a result, many working ALICE households have turned to government supports and services, often for the first time, to make ends meet. When workers do not earn enough to pay for basic necessities, they may be forced to turn to public support to feed their families, secure health insurance, or pay rent and other basic needs.

The ALICE Income Assessment quantifies total income of households below the ALICE Threshold and how much public and nonprofit assistance is spent on these low-income households.The methodology for the Income Assessment has been slightly revised since the last United Way ALICE Report for Michigan was published, and incorporated into this analysis (for more details, see the What’s New section at the beginning of this report, and Exhibit IX: Methodology Overview).

From 2012 to 2015, the number of households below the ALICE Threshold changed very little, decreasing slightly from 1,540,082 in 2012 to 1,531,650 in 2015. Earnings of these households grew slightly, from $29.0 billion to $30.9 billion over that period, but their total need increased even more, reaching $64.5 billion (up from $60.1 billion in 2012). Federal and state government spending on cash public assistance remained relatively constant, rising from $3.26 billion to $3.36 billion. Other government programs (excluding health) increased by 31 percent to $4.82 billion, and nonprofit spending remained flat at $436 million. Health care spending rose by 23 percent to $18.0 billion. As a result, the size of the Unfilled Gap – what is needed to bring all households to the ALICE Threshold – shrunk by 23 percent, to $7 billion. In other words, $7 billion in additional wages or public resources are still needed for all Michigan households to have income at the ALICE Threshold (Figure 19).

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 25 Figure 19. ALICE Income Assessment, Michigan, 2012 to 2015

$3.26 $0.4

2012 $29.0 $3.67 $14.6 $9.10

$3.36 $0.4

2015 $30.9 $4.82 $18.0 $7.00

$0 $10$20 $30$40 $50$60 $70 Spending (in billions)

Income Cash Public Assistance Government Programs

Nonprofits Health Care Unfilled Gap

Source: Office of Management and Budget, 2015; Michigan Department of reasury,T 2015; American Community Survey, 2015; National Association of State Budget Officers, 2015;, Urban Institute, 2010 and 2012; for more detail see the Methodology Exhibit

Without public assistance, many ALICE and poverty-level households would face even greater hardship, and many more households would be in poverty, especially in the wake of the Great Recession. Programs like SNAP, the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and Child care Tax Credit (CTC), Medicaid, and food banks provide a critical safety net for basic household well-being, and enable many families to work (Sherman, Trisi, & Parrott, 2013; Dowd & Horowitz, 2011; Grogger, 2003; Coleman-Jensen, Rabbitt, Gregory, & Singh, September 2015; Rosenbaum, 2013; Feeding America, 2014). This analysis is not an evaluation of the efficiency of the programs in delivering goods or services. However, research has shown that assistance is not always well-targeted, effective, and timely. There are several challenges to meeting basic needs with public and private assistance.

First, the majority of government programs are intended to fill short-term needs, such as basic housing, food, clothing, health care, and education. By design, their goal is not to help households achieve long-term financial stability (Haskins, 2011; Shaefer & Edin, 2013; O’Dea, 2016; Ben-Shalom, Moffitt, & Scholz, 2012).

Second, crucial resources are often targeted to households near or below the Federal Poverty Level (FPL), meaning that many struggling ALICE households are not eligible for assistance. Benefits are often structured to end before a family reaches stability, known as the “cliff effect.” In Michigan, as earnings rise, SNAP benefits decrease once income reaches 185 percent of the FPL, or just $44,123 for a family of four – well below the $56,064 Household Survival Budget for a family (National Conference of State Legislatures, October 2011).

Third, resources may not be available where they are needed. This statewide analysis may mask geographic disparities in the various types of assistance. If funding is disproportionately going to one part of Michigan, there could be unmet need, not reflected in the Income Assessment, in other parts of the state.

Finally, because public and nonprofit assistance is allocated for specific purposes and often delivered as services, it can only be used for specific parts of the household budget. Only 5 percent of the assistance provided in Michigan is done through cash transfers, which households can use toward any of their most pressing needs. The remainder is earmarked for specific items, like food assistance or health care, for which

26 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY the need varies across households below the ALICE Threshold. This means that not all households benefit equally from assistance. For example, a household that only visits a doctor for an annual checkup does not receive its share of the spending put toward health care assistance in Michigan, while a household that experiences a medical emergency receives far more than the average.

Spending by Category: Example for Families with Children A breakdown of public and nonprofit spending in Michigan by category reveals that there are large gaps in key areas, particularly housing and child care. Figure 20 compares the budget amounts for each category of the Household Survival Budget for a family of four (shown in dark blue) with income from households below the ALICE Threshold (shown in dark yellow), plus the public and nonprofit spending in each category (shown in yellow cross-hatch). The gap or surplus in each budget area is the difference between the blue column and the yellow/crosshatch column. The comparison assumes that the income households earn is allocated proportionately to each category.

Figure 20. Comparing Basic Need with Public and Nonprofit Spending by Category (Excluding Health Care and Miscellaneous Expenses), Michigan, 2015

$18,000 50% Gap $16,000 $14,000 $12,000 s 44% Gap 51% Gap $10,000 31% Gap $8,000 Million $6,000 5% Gap $4,000 $2,000 $0 HousingChild Care FoodTransportationTaxes

Minimum Need Income – HH Below AT Government & Nonprofit Assistance

Source: Office of Management and Budget, 2015; U.S. Department ofAgriculture (USDA), 2015; Internal Revenue Service, 2015; Michigan Department of Treasury, 2015; American Community Survey, 2015; National Association of State Budget Officers, 2015; 2016; Urban Institute, 2012 Housing In the Household Survival Budget for a family of four, housing accounts for 15 percent of the family budget. Following this allocation, this analysis assumes that all ALICE households then spend 15 percent of their income on housing. That still leaves them far short of what is needed to afford rent at HUD’s 40th rent percentile. But does public assistance fill the gap? Federal housing programs provide $665 million in assistance, including Section 8 Housing Vouchers, the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program, the Public Housing Operating Fund, and Community Development Block Grant (CDBG). In addition, nonprofits spend an estimated $87 million on housing assistance (because nonprofit spending is not available by category, the estimate is one-fifth of the total nonprofit budget). Yet when income and government and nonprofit assistance for housing are combined, there is still a 44 percent gap in resources for all households to meet the basic ALICE Threshold for housing. Therefore it is not surprising that most families spend more of their income on housing, which leaves less for other items.

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 27 Child Care In the Household Survival Budget for a family of four, child care accounts for 24 percent of the family budget. Yet for many ALICE households, 24 percent of earned income is not enough to pay for even home-based child care, the least expensive organized care option. Additional child care resources available to Michigan families include $271 million in federal education spending for Head Start, the program that helps children meet their basic needs or is necessary to enable their parents to work. Nonprofits provide additional child care assistance including vouchers and child care services estimated at $87 million. Yet when income and government and nonprofit assistance are combined, there is still a 50 percent gap in resources for all households to meet the basic ALICE Threshold for child care.

Food In the Household Survival Budget for a family of four, food accounts for 13 percent of the family budget, yet for many ALICE households, 13 percent of what they actually earn is insufficient to afford even the USDA Thrifty Food Plan. Food assistance for Michigan households includes $1.8 billion of federal spending on food programs, primarily SNAP (formerly food stamps); school breakfast and lunch programs; and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Nonprofits also provide food assistance – including food pantries, food banks, and soup kitchens – totaling approximately $87 million. Yet when income and government and nonprofit food assistance are combined, there is still a 31 percent gap in resources for all households to meet the basic ALICE Threshold for food.

Transportation In the Household Survival Budget for a family of four, transportation accounts for 16 percent of the family budget. Yet for many ALICE households, 16 percent of what they actually earn is not enough to afford even the running costs of a car. While Michigan’s public transportation systems are state-funded, there is no government spending on transportation targeted specifically to ALICE and poverty-level families. However, nonprofits provide some programs, spending an estimated $76 million. Yet, when income and nonprofit assistance are combined,there is a 51 percent gap in resources for all households to meet the basic ALICE Threshold for transportation.

Taxes In the Household Survival Budget for a family of four, taxes account for 7 percent of the family budget, so this analysis assumes that 7 percent of income is allocated toward taxes. Though earning enough to afford the Household Survival Budget would put households above the eligibility level for the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), many households below the ALICE Threshold benefit from the EITC (the average income for households receiving EITC in Michigan in 2015 was $13,016). The federal EITC provided $2 billion in tax credits and refunds for Michigan’s working families, and Michigan EITC (worth 6 percent of the federal) provided an additional $118 million. Eligible households collected an average federal tax refund of $2,530, which helped 823,000 ALICE and poverty-level families (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2016; Brookings, 2016). The per-household amount of taxes depends on a recipient’s income and the number of children they have. Yet when income and government credits and refunds are combined, there remains a 5 percent gap in resources for all households to meet the basic ALICE Threshold for taxes.

The Special Case of Health Care Health care resources are separated from other government and nonprofit spending because they account for the largest single source of assistance to low-income households: $18 billion or 68 percent of all spending in Michigan. Health care spending includes federal grants for Medicaid, CHIP, and Hospital Charity Care; state matching grants for Medicaid, CHIP, and Medicare Part D Clawback Payments; and the cost of unreimbursed or unpaid services provided by Michigan hospitals (Office of Management and Budget, 2016; Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 2007, 2010 and 2012; National Association of State Budget Officers, 2014).

28 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY With the increasing cost of health care and the implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), federal, state, and hospital spending on health care for low-income households has increased more than any other category, but the percent of residents insured in Michigan has also increased. For this reason, spending on health care in Michigan surpasses the amount needed for each household to afford basic out-of-pocket health care expenses. However, even this level of assistance does not necessarily guarantee good or improved health to low-income Michigan households. This analysis does not include the broader impact of increased health care spending, for example, on jobs or taxes (Ayanian, Ehrlich, Grimes, & Levy, 2017).

Because there is greater variation in the amount of money families need for health care than there is in any other single category, it is difficult to estimate health care needs and costs, and even more difficult to deliver health care efficiently to families in poverty or ALICE families. An uninsured (or even an insured) household with a severe and sudden illness could be burdened with hundreds of thousands of dollars in medical bills in a single year, while a healthy household would have few expenses. National research has shown that a small proportion of households facing severe illness or injury account for more than half of all health care expenses, and those expenses can vary greatly from year to year (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), 2010; Stanton, 2006; Kaiser Family Foundation, 2012).

Looking at the breakdown of average spending per household below the ALICE Threshold further highlights the difference between health care spending and other types of assistance. In Michigan, the average assistance each household received was $11,762 in health care resources from the government and hospitals in 2015, a 24 percent increase from 2012. By comparison, the average benefit to these households from other types of federal, state, and local government and nonprofit assistance – excluding health care – was $5,626 per household, an 8 percent increase from 2012. Combining the two categories, the average household below the ALICE Threshold received a total of $17,387 in cash and services, shared by all members of the household and spread throughout the year, a 22 percent increase driven primarily by the increase in health care spending (Figure 21) (Office of Management and Budget, 2016; American Community Survey, 2007, 2010, 2012, and 2015; National Association of State Budget Officers, 2014; Urban Institute, 2012; Michigan Department of Treasury, 2015; the ALICE Threshold, 2014).

Figure 21. Total Public and Nonprofit Assistance per Household Below the ALICE Threshold, Michigan, 2015

Spending per Household Below the ALICE Threshold

HEALTH ASSISTANCE ONLY ASSISTANCE EXCLUDING HEALTH TOTAL ASSISTANCE

2012 $9,490 $4,783 $14,273

2015 $11,762 $5,625 $17,387

Source: Office of Management and Budget, 2015; Michigan Department of reasury,T 2015; National Association of State Budget Officers, 2015; Urban Institute, 2012; American Community Survey, 2015; and the ALICE Threshold, 2015

To put the amount of per-household spending in perspective, most Michigan residents, including those well above the ALICE Threshold, receive some form of assistance. For example, households with income between $100,000 and $200,000 receive an average of $7,208 as a home mortgage interest deduction and $4,042 in real estate tax deductions; households with income above $1 million receive an average of $22,873 as a home mortgage interest deduction and $17,100 in real estate tax deductions (Internal Revenue Service, 2014).

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 29 IV. HOW HAVE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS CHANGED FOR ALICE FAMILIES?

More than any demographic feature, employment defines ALICE households. The financial stability of ALICE workers depends on local job opportunities, as well as the cost and condition of housing, and the availability of community resources. The updated Economic Viability Dashboard presented in this section describes changes in these economic factors throughout Michigan.

MICHIGAN JOBS Michigan’s job market has improved since 2012, though low-wage jobs still dominate the economic landscape. In Michigan, 62 percent of jobs pay less than $20 per hour, with 69 percent of those paying less than $15 per hour. This is slightly lower than the 65 percent of jobs that were low-wage in 2007 (Figure 22). A full- time job that pays $15 per hour grosses $30,000 per year, which is well below the $56,064 Household Survival Budget for a family of four in Michigan.

With 4.5 million total jobs in Michigan recorded by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in 2015, the job market has shown significant improvement since 2010, and just surpassed the 2007 level (Figure 22).Though jobs paying less than $20 per hour dominate the job landscape, their numbers decreased between 2007 and 2015, primarily driven by a 40 percent reduction in jobs paying less than $10 per hour. The number of jobs paying more than $30 per hour rose dramatically: those paying $30 to $40 increased by 24 percent and jobs paying $40 to $60 more than doubled. Jobs that saw the most growth were team assemblers, general and operations managers, nurses, customer service representatives, and cashiers (Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 2007 and 2015).

When 2007 wages are adjusted for inflation (14 percent increase from 2007 to 2015) and converted into their value in 2015 dollars, the change in wages over time is not as positive. Using these constant 2015 dollars, the proportion of jobs paying less than $20 per hour has actually increased by 7 percentage points, from 55 percent in 2007 to 62 percent in 2015.

Figure 22. Number of Jobs by Hourly Wage, Michigan, 2007 to 2015

1,400 15% Change 1,200 Number of Jobs -17% Change 2007: 4.13 Million 1,000 2012: 3.74 Million -40% Change 1% Change 2015: 4.17 Million 800

600 24% Change 114% Change 400 of Jobs (in thousands)

200 -9% Change 0 Number Less Than $10 $10-$15 $15-$20 $20-$30 $30-$40 $40-$60 Above $60

2007 2012 2015

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) Wage Survey – All Industries Combined, 2007-2015

30 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY Industries in Michigan vary in the contributions they make to the state’s employment and gross domestic product (GDP). The industries with large GDP contributions but low employment tend to pay higher wages to employees, while those with smaller GDP contributions but higher employment have more people to pay at lower wages. In Michigan, ALICE workers tend to be concentrated in the industries with smaller GDP contributions (Figure 23).

Manufacturing contributed $92 billion to Michigan’s GDP in 2015, a 17 percent increase from 2007. Though manufacturing has become more automated, especially motor vehicles and parts, and diversified into chemical projects, it still accounts for the largest portion of GDP, 20 percent (Figure 23). The trends for manufacturing do not completely reflect the change occurring in this sector. With the Great Recession and automation, factory jobs declined. During the recovery, some factory jobs returned but they paid less, and some new technology jobs were created to oversee the new automated production. As manufacturing became more automated, the new demand for cars was met with a significant surge in productivity but not more jobs (Senate FiscalAgency, 2016; Glazer & Grimes, 2015; Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2015).

The trade, transportation and utilities industry made the second largest contribution to GDP (17.2 percent) and employed the largest number of workers, 771,000 workers or 17 percent of the workforce. While its contribution to GDP increased between 2007 and 2015 (21 percent), employment in the industry fell by 2 percent, although it continues to employ significant numbers of ALICE workers (Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 2015; Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2015).

Conversely, the financial sector continues to be the third largest contributor to GDP, with over $79 billion in 2015 or 17 percent of total GDP, but employment in the industry remains below 5 percent of the workforce. There are few ALICE workers in this field, and they are primarily in administrative support roles (Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 2015; Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2015).

The next five largest employing industries – professional and business services, government, education and health services, leisure and hospitality, and agriculture employ – a larger share of the population than is represented by its contribution to GDP. Primarily service industries, these are large employers of ALICE workers. While growth in agriculture and government has declined, education and health services and professional and business services are the fastest growing for employment. Growth in health care services stands out: In 2014, 17 of every 100 jobs in Michigan were directly or indirectly tied to health care organizations. In fact, Michigan’s health care industry contributes more direct jobs and taxes paid to the economy than education and auto manufacturing (Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 2015; Michigan Health and Hospital Association, 2015; Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2015).

While small in terms of size, the construction industry was hit especially hard by the Great Recession, but it has been recovering and is predicted to be one of the top job producers over the next two years (Fulton, 2016).

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 31 Figure 23. Employment and GDP by Industry, Michigan, 2007 to 2015

25%

Change

17% ChangeChange 20% Change

l 21% -2% 8% Change Change

Change Change Change 9% 15% 9% 0% Change 26% -8% Change 7% Change

3% 10% 25%

Change Change Percent of Tota Change Change 2% Change -32% 5% 16% Change 26% -7%

26% 0%

& y s s

Activities & Utilities Agriculture Government Education Construction Manufacturing Professional & Health Service Financial Business Service Leisure & Hospitalit Trade, Transportation GDP (Total = $468 Billion) Employment (Total = 4.5 Million)

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 2007-2015, and U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2007-2015

With the service sector employing a large number of ALICE workers, it’s important to address several characteristics of the service-sector economy that add to the struggles of their employees. Most notably, service sector jobs pay low wages. In 2015, only five of the 20 most common service sector occupations paid enough to support the family Household Survival Budget, a minimum of $28.04 per hour: registered nurses, general and operations managers, sales representatives, mechanical engineers, and elementary school teachers (except special education) (Figure 24). This, however, is an improvement since 2007, when only registered nurses and general and operations managers reached this minimum.

The most common occupation in Michigan, retail sales, pays a wage that is well below what is needed to make ends meet. The more than 144,300 retail salespeople make an average of $10.06 per hour, or $20,120 if working full-time year round. These jobs fall short of meeting the family Household Survival Budget by more than $36,000 per year. Even if both parents worked full time at this wage, they would fall short of the Household Survival Budget by more than $15,000 per year.

Working in service sector jobs can put more financial stress on ALICE families in other ways. One is the location of these jobs, which is often in areas with high housing costs, meaning that employees have to either pay more for housing or have longer commutes and higher transportation costs. Most of these jobs require employees to work on-site, and they often have unpredictable or nontraditional work schedules which makes it harder to plan around public transportation and child care.

This is especially true for some areas along the shores of Lake Michigan and Mackinac Island, where tourism and resort communities exacerbate some of these challenges. In these areas, the demand for jobs is highest in areas where housing costs are highest, and yet many jobs are low wage and seasonal, making it expensive for workers to live near their work (Wheeler, 2016).

32 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY Figure 24. Top 20 Occupations by Employment and Wage, Michigan, 2015

2007–2015 2015 Percent Change

NUMBER OF MEDIAN NUMBER OF MEDIAN OCCUPATION JOBS HOURLY WAGE JOBS HOURLY WAGE Retail Salespersons 144,300 10.06 -6% 4% Office Clerks, General 109,640 14.51 1% 75% Food Prep, Including Fast Food 109,150 8.99 1% -24% Team Assemblers 104,210 15.48 23% -46% Cashiers 94,520 9.24 18% 22% Registered Nurses 91,130 31.65 20% 323% Customer Service Representatives 86,440 14.94 18% 30% Waiters and Waitresses 77,740 9.08 9% -18% Laborers and Movers, Hand 68,320 12.48 9% -16% Janitors and Cleaners 63,150 11.21 12% 6% General and Operations Managers 62,950 44.78 21% 202% Stock Clerks and Order Fillers 58,710 10.34 17% -33% Sales Representatives 56,400 26.48 15% 121% Secretaries and Administrative Assistants 52,890 15.92 10% -11% Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers 51,340 18.54 10% -42% Nursing Assistants 49,780 13.38 7% -46% Maintenance and Repair Workers 41,590 16.71 -4% -37% Mechanical Engineers 40,490 42.85 -5% 244% Bookkeeping and Auditing Clerks 39,060 17.54 -2% 51% Elementary School Teachers 38,190 31.77 -3% 79%

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) Wage Survey – All Industries Combined, 2007 and 2015

Small Businesses Small businesses – firms employing fewer than 500 employees – employed just over half of the private sector workforce in 2013 in Michigan. Firms employing less than 20 people employed the largest share. Small businesses, and their employees, experienced the largest shifts during the Great Recession, a trend that continued through 2015. In the second quarter of 2015, for example, 4,867 businesses started up in Michigan and 4,773 exited (meaning they closed, moved to another state, or merged with another company). Startups generated 24,339 new jobs while exits caused 19,208 job losses. Small businesses are more vulnerable to changes in demand, price of materials, and transportation, as well as to cyber attacks and natural disasters. Many small businesses have fewer resources to pay their employees, and even fewer to maintain employees in lean times (U.S. Small Business Administration, 2016).

Some sectors are more heavily reliant on small businesses, such as agriculture (95 percent of employees work in small businesses) and construction (89 percent), while others are almost not at all, such as utilities (less than 1 percent) (Figure 25). For many small businesses, there is a dual challenge when ALICE is both the employee and the customer, such as child care, where more than 90 percent of operators are sole proprietors (included as part of Educational Services in Figure 25). On the one hand, child care workers are ALICE; there are 16,990

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 33 child care workers in Michigan, earning an average wage of $9.43 per hour ($18,860 annually if full-time). On the other hand, ALICE families use child care so they can work, but it can be the most expensive item in ALICE’s budget – even more than housing. The conundrum is that if small businesses increase wages of their employees, those expenses are passed on to customers, who themselves are ALICE. These ALICE workers will earn more money, but child care will become more expensive for them (U.S. Small Business Administration, 2016; SBDCNet, 2014).

Figure 25. Small Business Employment by Sector, Michigan, 2013

Small Business Employment by Sector, Michigan, 2013

SMALL BUSINESS SMALL BUSINESS TOTAL PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT SHARE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT

Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing 95% 3,116 3,294

Other Services (except Public Admin) 91% 139,984 153,704

Construction 89% 101,605 114,852

Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 77% 33,804 43,801

Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 69% 34,279 49,379

Accommodation and Food Services 63% 221,429 354,094

Wholesale Trade 60% 100,663 167,592

Professional and Technical Services 56% 135,141 242,932

Mining, and Oil and Gas Extraction 49% 2,773 5,614

Manufacturing 48% 252,729 525,565

Educational Services 47% 35,149 74,312

Health Care and Social Assistance 47% 275,168 590,060

Transportation and Warehousing 42% 42,264 100,454

Retail Trade 41% 183,849 448,929

Finance and Insurance 40% 59,519 150,244

Admin Support and Waste Management 38% 118,934 311,352

Information 28% 19,601 71,069

Total 52% 1,761,713 3,407,247

Source: U.S. Small Business Administration, 2016

34 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY SHIFTING TOWARDS THE “GIG ECONOMY” NEW ECONOMY TERMS

Gig – also referred to as contract or freelance work – one-time project and compensation

Contingent – work arrangements without traditional employers or regular, full-time schedules

On-demand – also referred to as on-call – work with schedule variability according to customer activity

Shadow economy – also referred to as the grey or underground economy – unreported activity and income from the production of legal goods and services

The nature of work is changing dramatically in Michigan and across the country, and these changes impact ALICE workers disproportionately. The most significant change is that low-wage jobs, especially those in the service sector, are increasingly shifting away from traditional full-time employment with benefits towards part- time, on-demand, or contingent employment with fluctuating hours and few benefits.At the same time, workers are replacing or supplementing their traditional jobs with a new gig-to-gig, project-to-project work life. Freelance and contingent (on-call) labor has more than doubled its share of the national labor force over the last 20 years, from 7 percent in 1993 to 15 percent in 2015, and is expected to grow to nearly 20 percent by 2020.

These positions may help ALICE households who need to fill short-term gaps in standard employment, and may provide more lucrative opportunities than exist in the traditional employment market. Companies have also come to value the new hiring model since it provides flexibility to scale up or down on demand, and often can be cheaper than hiring a part-time or full-time employee on staff when considering health insurance and other benefits (Boudreau, 2015). The non-traditional nature of this work is not captured in the American Community Survey, which only asks about number of weeks and hours worked, not number of jobs or quality of relationships with the employers. In fact, the American Community Survey statistics show a decline in part- time work and self-employment (Figure 26), whereas recent national surveys focusing on changes in the labor market report an increase in part-time work and self-employment (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010, 2015; American Community Survey, 2007, 2010, 2012, and 2015; Fehr, 2017; Boudreau, 2015).

Figure 26. Work Status, Michigan, 2007 to 2015 s 7,000 6,656 6,470 6,457 6,414 6,000 ) 23% 29% 28% 26% 5,000 Did not Work 4,000 36% 29% 31% 30% Part-Time 3,000 2,000 Full-Time

(in thousands 41% 42% 45% 1,000 40% 0

Population Aged 16-64 Year 2007 2010 2012 2015

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 35 Source: American Community Survey, 2007-2015. Likewise, declining unemployment rates do not account for the changing numbers of underemployed workers – defined as those who are employed part time (either in the traditional or gig economy), those who have accepted a lower income than they had in the past, or those who have stopped looking for work but would like to work. For example, Michigan’s unemployment rate was 7.2 percent in 2015, but the underemployment rate was 13.9 percent. In addition, those who reported not working may be engaged in non-traditional work and not captured in traditional reports (Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 2015).

While information specific to Michigan was not available, two national surveys provide greater insight on the growing prevalence of alternative work arrangements in primary and supplementary jobs. Nationally, the percentage of workers employed as temporary help agency workers, on-call workers, contract workers, independent contractors, or freelancers as their main job rose from 10.1 percent in 2005 to 15.8 percent in 2015, according to the RAND-Princeton Contingent Worker Survey (RPCWS).

By a broader measure, one-third of all workers in the U.S. have had supplemental, temporary, or contract- based work in addition to their main job in the past 12 months, according to an independent survey by Freelancers Union and Elance-oDesk. These findings are supported by IRS data showing a steady increase in nonemployee compensation (1099 form), sole proprietorship businesses, and self-employment. Because low-wage jobs continue to dominate the employment landscape, income earned through alternative and supplemental employment is increasingly critical for many ALICE families (Abraham, Haltiwanger, Sandusky, & Spletzer, 2016; Katz & Krueger, 2016; Freelancers Union & Elance-oDesk; Wald, 2014).

The characteristics and experiences of non-traditional, contingent workers differ from those of standard, full-time workers in a number of ways. The U.S. Government Accountability Office’s report on the contingent workforce found that core contingent workers are less likely to have a high school degree and more likely to have low family income. They are more likely to experience job instability, have worker-safety issues, and feel less satisfied with their benefits and employment arrangements than standard full-time workers. In addition, contingent work tends to yield lower earnings with fewer benefits (such as retirement plans and health insurance), which results in greater reliance on public assistance (U.S. Government Accountability Office (U.S. GAO), 2015).

MICHIGAN’S ECONOMY AND LOCAL CONDITIONS In addition to shifting labor market conditions, the financial stability of ALICE households depends on local conditions. The Economic Viability Dashboard is composed of three indices that evaluate the local economic conditions that matter most to ALICE households – the Housing Affordability Index, the Job Opportunities Index, and the Community Resources Index. Index scores range from 1 to 100, with higher scores reflecting better conditions. Each county’s score is relative to other counties in Michigan and compared to prior years. A score of 100 does not necessarily mean that conditions are very good; it means that they are better than scores in other counties in the state. These indices are used only for comparison within the state, not for comparison to other states.

The change in statewide Dashboard scores from 2007 to 2015 provides a picture of the Great Recession and emerging recovery in Michigan (Figure 27). Between 2007 and 2010, scores for housing affordability fell by 6 percent; job opportunities fell by 10 percent, and community resources rose by 1 percent. In the five years since the recession ended in 2010, housing affordability scores increased by 27 percent, and job opportunities rose by 19 percent, while community resources fluctuated with a net increase of 5 percent.

36 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY Figure 27. Economic Viability Dashboard, Michigan, 2007 to 2015

2007

2010 Index Scor e 2012 69 64 59 55 2015 Average 53 53 53 50 51 50 50 50

Housing Affordability Job OpportunitiesCommunity Resources

Source: American Community Survey; 2010 and 2015; Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 2010 and 2015; U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), 2010 and 2015

The biggest change in the Economic Viability Dashboard was in the improvement in the Housing Affordability Index from 2010 to 2015, which includes measures on the affordable housing stock, housing burden, and real estate taxes. Most of the improvement occurred between 2012 and 2015, when Housing Affordability scores surpassed their 2007 levels. The statewide improvement masked varying conditions across the state. Housing Affordability scores improved from 2010 to 2015 in most counties; the higher scores shown in Figure 28 shifted these counties from darker blues (worse conditions) to lighter blues (better conditions). At the same time, affordability scores fell in five counties – Keweenaw, Mason, Ontonagon, Iron, and Mackinac counties (though the decrease didn’t always push the county into the darker shade of blue). See Exhibit V for all county scores.

The counties where housing affordability improved the most were concentrated in south eastern Michigan, with scores more than doubling in Genesee, Macomb, Kalamazoo, Oakland, Wayne, Isabella, Ingham, and Washtenaw counties.

In general, lower cost housing enables ALICE households to afford their budget, but the reasons housing becomes affordable are not always good for the community. In Michigan, one reason housing became more affordable was the housing crisis, which led to foreclosures. In 2015, Michigan had the second highest rate of foreclosures in the country (behind Florida), with the majority of foreclosures on the east side of the state. This has left many neighborhoods with empty and unkempt houses, bringing down the value for the whole community, yet making housing more affordable. Distressed sales, real-estate owned sales, and short sales have continued, accounting for 18.9 percent of sales in 2015, further depressing housing prices (Evans, 2016; CoreLogic, 2016; Boesel, 2016).

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 37 Figure 28. Housing Affordability Index, Michigan, 2010 to 2015

2010 2015

Traverse City Traverse City

Detroit Detroit

Index (1 = Worse; 100 = Better) 681

Source: American Community Survey; 2010 and 2015; Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 2010 and 2015; U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), 2010 and 2015

Drilling down into housing affordability in Michigan, analysis of the housing stock in each county reveals that the available rental units do not match current needs. According to housing and income data that roughly aligns with the ALICE dataset, there are more than 788,000 renters with income below the ALICE Threshold, yet there are approximately 760,000 rental units – subsidized and market-rate – that these households can afford without being housing-burdened, which is defined as spending more than one-third of income on housing (Figure 29). Therefore, Michigan would need more than 27,000 additional lower-cost rental units to meet the demand of renters below the ALICE Threshold. This estimate assumes that all ALICE and poverty-level households are not housing burdened. The data, in fact, shows that many low-income households are housing burdened, in which case the assessment of need for low-cost rental units is a low estimate. Using less strict assumptions, the need is as high as 68,000 rental units (American Community Survey, 2015; U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), 2015).

Subsidized housing units are an important source of affordable housing for ALICE families. Of the 760,000 rental units that households with income below the ALICE Threshold can afford across the state, approximately 19 percent are subsidized: Michigan’s affordable rental housing programs reached 146,376 households across the state in 2015 (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), 2015).

38 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY Figure 29. Renters Below the ALICE Threshold vs. Rental Stock, Michigan, 2015 ) 1.1 Million 1,200 379,034- 1,000 All Othe r The Gap Between 788,818 800 Rental Units Renters Below the ALICE Threshold 600 614,694- and Affordable

400 Market Rate Units is 27,748 Affordable 200 146,376-Subsidized 0

Rental Units (in thousands Renters Below Rental Units ALICE Threshold

Source: American Community Survey, 2015, HUD, 2015, and the ALICE Threshold, 2015

Job opportunities improved across Michigan since 2010, the end of the Recession. Genessee County had the greatest improvement, with scores increasing by 93 percent. Six additional counties, mostly within the southern central part of the state, had scores improve by more than 50 percent: Cheboygan, Gladwin, Grand Traverse, St. Clair, Iosco, and Jackson. Eleven other counties experienced some positive change in job opportunities: Baraga, Roscommon, Cass, Gogebic, Menominee, Schoolcraft, Luce, Ontonagon, Alcona, Missaukee, and Osceola. Although scores may have improved more dramatically in some parts of the state, these counties still have relatively low scores compared to the southern central part of the state, which has the best job opportunities (Figure 30).

Figure 30. Jobs Opportunities Index, Michigan, 2010 to 2015

2010 2015

Traverse City Traverse City

Detroit Detroit

Index (1 = Worse; 100 = Better) 28 85

Source: American Community Survey; 2010 and 2015; Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 2010 and 2015; U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), 2010 and 2015 UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 39 Improvement in Community Resources was driven primarily by the increased rate of those with health insurance. The spike in the index in 2012 was due to voting, which is an indicator of social capital, or how invested people are in their community. Voting was higher during the 2012 presidential election. See Exhibit V for county scores.

ECONOMIC VIABILITY DASHBOARD The Housing Affordability Index

Key Indicators: Affordable Housing Gap + Housing Burden + Real Estate Taxes

The more affordable a county, the easier it is for a household to be financially stable. The three key indicators for the Housing Affordability Index are the affordable housing gap, the housing burden, and real estate taxes.

The Job Opportunities Index

Key Indicators: Income Distribution + Unemployment Rate + New Hire Wages

The more job opportunities there are in a county, the more likely a household is to be financially stable. The three key indicators for the Job Opportunities Index are income distribution as measured by the share of income for the lowest two quintiles, the unemployment rate, and the average wage for new hires.

The Community Resources Index

Key Indicators: Education Resources + Health Resources + Social Capital

Collective resources in a location can make a difference in the financial stability of ALICE households. The three key indicators for the Community Resources Index are the percent of 3- and 4-year-olds enrolled in preschool, health insurance coverage rate, and the percent of the adult population who voted.

Refer to the Methodology Exhibit for more information

40 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY CONCLUSION: WHAT CHALLENGES LIE AHEAD?

While ALICE families differ in their composition, challenges, and level of need, there are three broad trends that will impact the conditions these households face in the next decade and their opportunities to change their financial status. These trends will also have significant implications for local communities and the state as a whole:

1. Population Changes – Migration and Aging Population 2. Jobs – Technology and Future Prospects 3. Education and Income Gap POPULATION CHANGES Michigan has been depicted as one of the few states with negative population growth – a state that is aging and not appealing to young workers. This is only partly true. Although the state is aging, domestic migration has stabilized, and international migration has contributed to recent population growth. When the large waves of people coming into and moving out of the state are broken down by age group, the numbers tell a different story (Figure 31). Michigan is actually attracting large numbers of college students; though some return to their home states with their degrees, many stay in Michigan, become productive workers, and raise families. Some older Michigan residents leave their high-paying jobs for jobs in other states, some retire to states in warmer climates, but many stay and retire in Michigan. These population flows present both opportunities and challenges for ALICE (American Community Survey, 2007, 2010, 2012, and 2015; U.S. Census Bureau, 2010, 2015; Farley, 2010).

The largest movement of people into and out of Michigan in 2015 was by 20 to 24 year olds. Between 2014 and 2015, more than 44,400 people ages 18 to 24 moved to Michigan, including 11,371 high-school graduates going to college in Michigan. At the same time, 39,000 18- to 24-year-olds left the state, of which a quarter (10,642) were high-school graduates going to college in another state. Michigan has a dual challenge; attracting back the Michigan residents who leave the state for college and finding productive employment for the large number of youth who are not enrolled in college (National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), 2014; American Community Survey, 2015; U.S. Census Bureau, 2010, 2015).

The next largest movement of people was among those under 18 years old. More than 37,000 children and teens moved to Michigan in 2015; 26 percent came from outside the U.S. As minors, most came with their families, indicating inflows of 20-, 30-, and 40-somethings as well. Population movement slowed significantly for residents 40 years and older, but remained with a positive net inflow, except for the age group 65 years and older. Seniors are the only group to have a net outflow, 4,321 people.

Foreign migration (light blue portion of the bar in Figure 31) is a significant component of population inflows to Michigan, especially for the age groups under 40, including 29,648 foreign students in 2015.

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 41 Figure 31. Population Inflows and Outflows, Michigan, 2015

50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000

10,000 9,029 5,399 4,881 5,907 0 1,494 2,401 (4,321) (10,000) Population (20,000) (30,000) (40,000) (50,000) Under 18 18 to 24 Mid 20s30s 40sMid-CareerRetired Years 65+

Outflow Inflow - Domestic Inflow - Foreign Net Migration

Source: American Community Survey, 2015

What Shifting Demographics Means for the Community When unemployment rates are low, a large college-age population is a potential engine for a state’s future economic growth. Michigan’s challenge is to have job opportunities and affordable living available to these young residents. Debt for unemployed or underemployed college graduates can cause them to remain below the ALICE Threshold. Michigan’s college loan default rate was 11.8 percent, just slightly higher than the national rate of 11.3 percent in 2013 (U.S. Department of Education, 2016).

The high cost of living combined with college debt has made it difficult for young workers in Michigan.This is reflected in the decline in the number of households headed by someone under 25 years old in Michigan, and in the high rate of poverty and ALICE among young people living alone. Recent graduates and young workers are choosing to move in with their parents or roommates, and delaying buying a home and starting a family on their own. With fewer young people choosing to strike out on their own, not only has the housing construction sector suffered, but there has also been a reduction in furniture and appliance manufacturing and other indirect effects for retail and utilities (Keely, van Ark, Levanon, & Burbank, 2012; American Community Survey, 2007, 2010, 2012, and 2015; U.S. Department of Education, 2016).

Foreign-born Residents International migration plays an increasing role in Michigan’s racial and ethnic composition. The foreign-born population represented 6.6 percent of the state total in 2015, up from 5.3 percent in 2000. The light blue portion of the inflow bars in Figure 31 represents the number of people moving to Michigan from outside the U.S. Almost 652,000 foreign-born residents live in Michigan. Following a decade old trend, immigration has been the key driver for several of Michigan’s largest metro areas. From 2000 to 2010, over half (54 percent) of the Lansing metro area’s population gain was attributable to immigration, according to the Chicago Council on Global Affairs. Similarly, immigration contributed to population gains in Ann Arbor (37 percent), Grand Rapids (23 percent), and Kalamazoo (14 percent) (American Immigration Council, 2015; Paral, 2014).

42 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY The largest group of immigrants, 17 percent, come from the Middle East (including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Georgia, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen), followed by Mexico (13 percent), India (10 percent), and China and Canada (6 percent each). The proportion of Middle Eastern immigrants in the metro Detroit area is the largest in the U.S. (Migration Policy Institute, 2014; American Community Survey, 2015; Mack, 2015).

More than a half (52 percent) of Michigan’s foreign born residents have become citizens, 1.3 percent are undocumented, and 47 percent are legal permanent residents (Migration Policy Institute, 2014; American Community Survey, 2015; Pew Research Center, 2014).

Immigrants vary widely in language, education, age, and skills – as well as in their financial stability. Among adults ages 25 and older, 21 percent of Michigan’s foreign-born population has less than a high school education, compared to 8 percent of the native population. However, a much higher percentage of the foreign- born population has a graduate or professional degree (20 percent) compared to the native-born population (9 percent). As a result, there are many well-educated and financially successful immigrants in Michigan. Yet, there are also other immigrant families with distinct challenges that make them more likely to be unemployed or in struggling ALICE households. These challenges include low levels of education, minimal English proficiency, and lack of access to support services if their citizenship status is undocumented (American Community Survey, 2015; Aspen Institute, 2013).

As both workers and entrepreneurs, immigrants are an important source of economic growth in Michigan, making up 7.2 percent of the state’s workforce (349,138 workers) in 2013, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Households led by immigrants in Michigan earned $19.6 billion in income in 2014 and paid $5.4 billion in taxes, including $1.5 billion in state and local taxes. Immigrants have been a driving force in entrepreneurship, job creation, strengthening the housing market and filling Michigan’s growing demand for jobs in the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) fields according to a recent report by the Governor’s Office (U.S. Census Bureau, 2013; Migration Policy Institute, 2014; Gardner, Johnson, & Wiehe, 2015; Perryman Group, 2008; U.S. Chamber of Commerce, 2013).

Recognizing the role undocumented workers play in Michigan, especially in the accommodation and food services industry, the Governor’s office reports that these workers take on labor-intensive roles in a range of industries that could not thrive without them (Michigan Office for NewAmericans, 2016).

Implications of Undocumented Workers for the Community Not only do immigrants run businesses and pay taxes, they facilitate growth in the economy. They contribute to a range of fields from engineering to science to the service sector and are more likely to start their own business. In addition, the availability of low-skilled immigrant workers, such as child care providers and housecleaners, has enabled higher-income American women to work more and to pursue careers while having children (Furman & Gray, 2012).

Though undocumented workers make up a small part of the overall immigrant population, their costs and benefits to Michigan’s economy are being hotly debated. On the one hand, they contribute to economic growth and the tax base. The Perryman Group estimates that if all undocumented immigrants were removed from the state, Michigan would lose millions in economic activity, approximately 58,000 jobs, and according to the Institute for Taxation and Economic Policy, millions in state and local taxes. According to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, removing undocumented workers would not lead to the same number of job openings for unemployed Americans, because undocumented workers have a different set of skills that complement rather than replicate the U.S. workforce. Specifically, undocumented workers (as well as other immigrants) fill jobs that require physical strength and stamina in labor-intensive occupations such as building maintenance, landscaping, construction, food processing, food preparation, and food service (Perryman Group, 2008; U.S. Chamber of Commerce, 2013; Zavodny and Jacoby, 2013).

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 43 On the other hand, undocumented workers use community resources, though they use a lot fewer resources than legal residents because they are often not eligible for assistance. In Michigan, state and local governments provide services for undocumented residents including schooling for K-12 children of undocumented residents and medical care (Gardner, Johnson, & Wiehe, April 2015; Martin & Ruark, 2010; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2016).

Exacerbating this issues is the fact that foreign born, and especially undocumented, workers are often underpaid and are among the most likely to live in poverty and ALICE households. Often without access to any government safety net, they can be more likely to need emergency services in a crisis. There continues to be high demand for foreign born workers in Michigan, especially those who are bilingual. Both job opportunities and wages need to be sufficient in order to continue to attract these workers and prevent them from being ALICE (Pew Charitable Trusts, 2014; Camarota, 2015; Pereira, et al., 2012).

An Aging Population By 2030, when all baby boomers are 65 or older, the senior share of the population is projected to increase in nearly every country in the world. Because this shift will likely lower labor force participation and reduce the amount of money people put towards savings, there are well-founded concerns about a potential slowing in future economic growth (Bloom, Canning, & Fink, 2011).

Michigan’s elderly population is projected to grow from 13 percent in 2010 to 19 percent by 2030, a 56 percent increase (Figure 32). Over the next 20 years, the elderly are the only age group expected to grow. The number of people under the age of 18 is predicted to fall by 2 percent and those aged 18 to 64 years will decrease by 6 percent (U.S. Census Bureau, 2005).

Figure 32. Population Projection, Michigan, 2010 to 2030

12,000

) 10,000 13% 19%

8,000 65 and Over

6,000 18-64 years 63% 58% Under 18 4,000 Population (in thousands 2,000 24% 23% 0 2010 Actual 2030 Projected

Source: U.S. Census, 2005

As 2.7 million Michigan residents will age into retirement over the next 20 years, this demographic shift has implications for the financial stability of these households, as well as for the economic stability of the state. In Michigan, and nationally, these trends will likely produce increases in the number of ALICE households. Since the start of the Great Recession, retirement plan participation decreased for all families, and has continued to drop for families in the bottom half of the income distribution. For upper-middle income families, participation rebounded slightly from 2010 to 2015, but it did not return to 2007 levels (Bricker, et al., 2014).

44 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY Compared to the rest of the U.S., Michigan residents are doing well planning for retirement with 62 percent of workers participating in an employer-sponsored retirement plan, compared to the national average of 49 percent. Rates differ further within Michigan by metro area. Grand Rapids actually has the highest rate in the country, at 71 percent; while Detroit metro area is at 58 percent (Pew Charitable Trusts, 2016a and 2016b).

However, those on the brink of retirement are finding that they cannot afford to fully leave the workforce. Combined with the large numbers of the post-WWII baby boom generation, those aged 55 and over are expected to make up a larger share of the labor force, nationally, in the next decade. The over 55 age group has steadily increased its share of the labor force from 11.8 percent in 1992 to 14.3 percent in 2002 to 20.9 percent in 2012 and is projected to increase to 25.6 percent by 2022. In Michigan, 44 percent of the over 65 population was in the workforce in 2011 (Bricker, et al., 2014; AARP, 2012; Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 2014).

Those working part-time fare less well, with only 32 percent of part-time workers in metro Detroit having access to a retirement plan, compared to 58 percent of full-time workers. However, those on the brink of retirement are finding that they cannot afford to fully leave the workforce. In the U.S. from 1990s to 2012, the share of the workforce composed of seniors increased from 16 percent to 23 percent, and data from multiple surveys suggests that at least half of people nearing 65 plan to continue working beyond retirement age (Bricker, et al., 2014; AARP, 2012; Pew Charitable Trusts, May 2016; He, Goodkind, & Kowal, 2016).

More of the ALICE seniors will be women because they are likely to live longer than their generation of men, and have fewer resources on which to draw. Generally, women have worked less and earned less than men, and therefore have lower or no pensions and lower Social Security retirement benefits. Since women tend to live longer than men, they are more likely to be single and depend on one income at older age. In Michigan in 2015, there were 20 percent more women 65 or older than men of the same age, but 50 percent more in poverty (Waid, 2013; Hounsell, 2008; American Community Survey, 2007, 2010, 2012, and 2015; Brown, Rhee, Saad-Lessler, & Oakley, March 2016).

Broader Consequences of an Aging Population The aging of the population in Michigan presents new challenges. First, there will be greater pressure on the state’s infrastructure, especially the housing market for smaller, affordable rental units. These units need to be near family, health care, and other services. Likewise, transportation services need to be expanded for older adults who cannot drive, especially those in rural areas. Unless changes are made to Michigan’s housing stock, the current shortage will increase, pushing up prices for low-cost units and making it harder for ALICE households of all ages to find and afford basic housing. In addition, homeowners trying to downsize may have difficulty selling their homes at the prices they had estimated in better times, a source of income they were relying on to support their retirement plans (U.S. Department of Transportation, 2015). As a result of the financial hardships of home ownership for seniors, increasing numbers are actually living together, in rented and owned homes, to maintain independence while minimizing the economic burden (Abrahms, 2013).

The aging population will increase demand for geriatric health services, including assisted living and nursing facilities and home health care. Along with the traditional increase in physical health problems, low-income seniors in Michigan are more likely to face mental health issues. According to American’s Health Rankings, seniors in Michigan with income below $25,000 average 3.2 poor mental health days in the last month compared to 1.3 days for those with income above $75,000. Seniors reporting mental distress are also more likely to report poor or fair physical health (United Health Foundation, 2016; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration in partnership with the U.S. Administration on Aging, 2012).

Without sufficient savings, many families will not be able to afford the health care they need. A collaborative project of AARP, the Commonwealth Fund, and The Scan Foundation suggests that the state is ill-prepared. The Long-Term Services and Support Scorecard project ranks Michigan 31st among all states in its long-term support and services for older adults on a scale including affordability, access, and quality of life (Reinhard, et al., 2014).

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 45 Shifting demographics also have implications for caring for the growing number of seniors. The Caregiver Support Ratio, the number of potential caregivers aged 45 to 64 for each person aged 80 and older, was 7 in 2010, and is projected to fall to 4.1 by 2030, and then to 3.3 in 2050. In fact, The Long-Term Services and Support Scorecard ranked Michigan 44th out of 50 in its support for family caregivers (Reinhard, et al., 2014; AARP Public Policy Institute, 2015; Redfoot, Feinberg, & Houser, 2013).

A number of additional consequences are emerging, ranging from job implications to elder abuse. With the increased demand for caregivers, there is a growing need for more paid health aides, who are themselves likely to be ALICE. Nursing assistants, one of the fastest growing jobs in Michigan, are paid $13.38 per hour, and require reliable transportation, which can consume a significant portion of the worker’s wage. Also in this area, home health aides and personal care assistants are jobs that do not require much training, are not well regulated, and yet involve substantial responsibility for the health of vulnerable clients. Together, these factors may lead to poor quality caregiving. There are significant downsides to poor quality caregiving, including abuse and neglect – physical, mental, and financial – an issue that is on the rise in Michigan and across the country (MetLife Mature Market Institute, June 2011; U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2015).

JOBS – TECHNOLOGY AND THE FUTURE More than any other factor, jobs define ALICE. The outlook for new jobs shows that they will be dominated by low-wage jobs that will require no work experience and minimal education. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics 2015 to 2024 job projections for Michigan, 63 percent of new jobs will pay less than $15 per hour, and only 7 percent will require any work experience. In terms of education, 49 percent of new jobs will not require a high school diploma, 34 percent will require only a high school diploma, while 9 percent will require an associate degree or post secondary non-degree award, and only 9 percent will require a bachelor’s degree (Figure 33) (Projections Central, 2016; Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 2015; Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2016).

Figure 33. New Growth by Occupation, Michigan, 2015 to 2024

ANNUAL 2015 HOURLY EDUCATION OR WORK OCCUPATION NEW EMPLOYMENT WAGE TRAINING EXPERIENCE GROWTH

No formal educational Retail Salespersons 142,040 911 10.06 None credential High school diploma Office Clerks 122,250 461 14.51 None or equivalent High school diploma Team Assemblers 100,460 1,062 15.48 None or equivalent Combined Food Prep, No formal educational 98,640 1,642 8.99 None Including Fast Food credential No formal educational Cashiers 93,680 1,155 9.24 None credential

Registered Nurses 93,670 143 31.65 Bachelor’s degree None Customer Service High school diploma 86,710 1,162 14.94 None Representatives or equivalent No formal educational Waiters and Waitresses 74,560 942 9.08 None credential No formal educational Janitors and Cleaners 67,400 283 11.21 None credential

46 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY ANNUAL 2015 HOURLY EDUCATION OR WORK OCCUPATION NEW EMPLOYMENT WAGE TRAINING EXPERIENCE GROWTH

Laborers and Movers, No formal educational 66,300 393 12.48 None Hand credential General and Operations 62,420 542 44.78 Bachelor’s degree 5 years or more Managers Stock Clerks and Order No formal educational 54,870 589 10.34 None Fillers credential High school diploma Sales Representatives 54,560 191 26.48 None or equivalent Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Postsecondary non- 54,330 433 18.54 None Truck Drivers degree award Secretaries and Admin High school diploma 53,790 642 15.92 None Assistants or equivalent Postsecondary non- Nursing Assistants 50,710 124 13.38 None degree award Bookkeeping and Some college, no 44,230 492 17.54 None Auditing Clerks degree First-Line Supervisors of High school diploma 43,910 -313 23.68 Less than 5 years Retail Sales Workers or equivalent Maintenance and Repair High school diploma 42,680 221 16.71 None Workers or equivalent Mechanical Engineers 40,060 370 42.85 Bachelor’s degree None

Source: Michigan Department of Technology, Management, and Budget, 2016

Jobs and Technology Not only is Michigan’s tech sector growing in both the automotive industry and Michigan’s University Research Corridor, but Michigan is ranked among the most innovative locations outside of California in terms of employment and research and development (R&D) spending (Rosaen & Taylor, 2017; Michigan Economic Development Corporation (MEDC), 2016).

But due to technology, jobs across the state in all sectors are changing in ways that will likely have a large impact on the future of both low-wage and high-wage jobs. While technology has been changing jobs for centuries as businesses weigh the costs of capital versus wages, the latest wave comes as technology has

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 47 decreased the costs of automation of manufacturing and many services. Wendy’s, for example, recently announced plans to replace front-line staff with computer kiosks. Figure 34 shows the likelihood that Michigan’s top 20 occupations will be replaced by technology over the next two decades. While some of the changes are likely to be positive and offer new opportunities, there are many new risks associated that will negatively impact ALICE workers (Frey & Osborne, September 2013; CBRE Research, 2015; Glazer & Grimes, 2015).

Figure 34. Employment by Occupation and Impact of Technology, Michigan, 2015

160,000 100% 92% 90% 140,000 80% 120,000 70%

100,000 60% 55% 80,000 50%

40% 60,000

Number of Jobs 30%

40,000

20% of Being Replaced by Technology 20,000 10% 0 0% s s Probability

Cashiers

Team Assemblers Registered Nurses Laborers & Movers Janitors & Cleaners Retail Salespersons Waiters & Waitresses Mechanical Engineer Sales Representative Office Clerks, General

Stock Clerks & Order Fillers Elementary School Teachers General Operations Managers Maintenance & Repair Workers Food Prep, Including Fast FoodSecretaries & Admin AssistantsBookkeeping & Auditing Clerks

Customer Service Representatives

Heavy & Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers Number of Jobs Probability of Being Replaced by Technology

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), OES wages, 2015, and Frey and Osborne, 2013

New jobs: Technology has created new opportunities in types of jobs as well as the availability of jobs. Most commonly, technology is changing the scope of jobs. For example, at Ford’s Chicago Assembly Plant, operators used to spend 70 percent of their time scanning and 30 percent repairing defects. Now they spend 10 percent of their time scanning and 90 percent of their time finessing the final assembly of the vehicle. And in Detroit, as bank tellers are replaced with automatic tellers, employees are shifted to other tasks such as assisting customers with online transactions, and serving as a notary. Technology is also creating new services, and has ushered in a “gig” economy, creating new jobs such as TaskRabbit workers and Uber and Lyft drivers. Gig positions may help ALICE households fill short- term gaps in standard employment and may be more lucrative than jobs in the traditional employment market (Knight, 2012; Smith, 2016; Manyika, et al., 2016; Abdel-Razzaq, 2015).

Cost of changing jobs: When technology eliminates jobs, even if new jobs are created, there is disruption for those losing their jobs and they incur costs associated with unemployment, moving, and retraining. The cost of changing jobs will affect millions of U.S. workers, as more than 60 percent

48 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY of jobs have a higher than 50 percent chance of being replaced by technology by 2020. Low-wage workers, especially those with lower levels of education, are among those most at-risk of not benefiting from new technology-based jobs. For example, a hard-working cashier does not necessarily have the skills to repair digital checkout kiosks. The jobs that remain will be service jobs that cannot be automated and are often low paying, such as health aides, janitors, sales representatives, and movers (Brynjolfsson & McAfee, 2014; Frey & Osborne, September 2013).

Risks to job security: A contingent workforce provides flexibility for companies to scale up or down on demand, but it subjects workers to unexpected gains or losses in work hours, making it difficult for ALICE households to pay bills regularly or to make long-term financial plans, especially qualifying for a mortgage. In the gig economy, there are no benefits, such as health insurance and retirement plans. This increases costs to ALICE families and makes them more vulnerable should they have a health crisis or have to retire early. In addition, unpredictable wages can put employer or government benefits that are tied to work hours in jeopardy, including paid and unpaid time off, health insurance, unemployment insurance, public assistance, and work supports. For example, low-wage workers are 2.5 times more likely to be out of work than other workers, but only half as likely to receive unemployment benefits (Garfield, Damico, Stephens, & Rouhani, 2015;atson, W Frohlich, & Johnston, 2014; U.S. Government Accountability Office (U.S. GAO), 2007).

Fewer standard workplace protections: Independent contractors lack other standard workplace protections. Namely, they do not have recourse under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), which mandates that eligible workers be compensated for hours worked in excess of 40 per workweek, or the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), which entitles eligible workers to unpaid, job-protected leave depending on their work history with a company. Without workforce protections, ALICE workers are vulnerable to exploitation, legal bills, and poor working conditions (Donovan, Bradley, & Shimabukuro, 2016).

The impact of technology on education: Technology – and increasingly affordable technology – will enable more online education options and could change the recent trajectory of poor returns on education. Colleges are embracing online courses for matriculated students and Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) for the wider community. These can lower the cost of education and enable many more avenues to gain and update skills. However, technology also makes it easier to create fraudulent educational organizations and to cheat unsuspecting students. For-profit colleges nationwide enroll about 11 percent of all higher education students but account for nearly 50 percent of all loan defaults. The U.S. Government Accountability Office (U.S. GAO) and several state attorneys general are investigating numerous fraudulent educational practices and money-making education schemes (State Attorneys General, 2014; U.S. Government Accountability Office (U.S. GAO), September 21, 2009; U.S. Government Accountability Office (U.S. GAO), October 7, 2010; U.S. Government Accountability Office (U.S. GAO), August 4, 2010; Cohen, 2015; Minnesota Attorney General’s Office, 2016; United States Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee, July 30, 2012).

Wider economic impact: When those in the gig economy face limited incomes and reduced income growth, they depress overall consumption and investment, which lowers economic growth and reduces tax revenue. When these workers are not included in traditional labor force statistics, they represent a somewhat hidden group of workers who can reenter the formal workforce, causing a surplus of workers, which then depresses overall wages. Therefore, the expansion of the gig economy may have a slowing effect on the future growth of the overall economy (Senate Fiscal Agency, 2016).

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 49 The future of Michigan’s jobs landscape depends on the state’s ability to shift from goods-producing industries, particularly auto manufacturing, which is experiencing long-term structural decline, to knowledge-based services that cannot be replaced by technology and require workers with a bachelor’s degree or more (Glazer & Grimes, 2015; Gautz, 2013).

EDUCATION AND INCOME GAP There are many compounding factors to being ALICE or in poverty. Being a racial or ethnic minority, an undocumented or unskilled recent immigrant, or being language-isolated make a household more likely to be ALICE. Likewise, as discussed in the full United Way ALICE Report published in 2014 having a household headed by a female or transgender individual, having a low level of education, or living with a disability predispose a household to being ALICE. Groups with more than one of these factors – younger combat veterans or ex-offenders, for example, who may have both a disability and a low level of education – are even more likely to fall below the ALICE Threshold. While awareness of these challenges has increased, along with some economic recovery, these risk factors persist in Michigan, especially for Black and Hispanics.

The Education Gap The education gap among racial and ethnic groups persists in Michigan. Black students represent 17 percent of all students, but only 7 percent of the top 30 percent of students across all grades in reading and math. Hispanic students represent 6 percent of all students, but only 4 percent of the top 30 percent, while White students represent 71 percent of students and 81 percent of the top 30 percent in the 2012-2013 school year, according to the Michigan Department of Education (MDE). The achievement gap in education is larger for Black male students, especially in reading. Nationally, Michigan ranks in the bottom five states for Black students achieving proficient scores in 4th and 8th grade (Michigan Department of Education, 2014; U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation, 2015).

These differences impact graduation rates as well as college attendance and performance. Among teenagers, 65 percent of Black students, 69 percent of Hispanic students, and 66 percent of economically disadvantaged students in the state go on to college after high school, compared to 83 percent of White students. However, once in college, Black and Hispanic students were more likely to need remediation and had lower grade point averages than White students (NCES, 2015; U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation, 2015).

Income Trends among Ethnic and Racial Groups The differences between racial and ethnic groups are also apparent in earnings and employment. All groups (except Asians) experienced a decline in earnings during the Great Recession, as noted in the drop from 2007 to 2010 in Figure 35. Since 2010, White workers have rebounded and are earning 10 percent above their 2007 level. Hispanics are earning 16 percent more, and Asians are earning 11 percent more. But Black workers have not recouped their pre-Recession earning level, and in fact are earning 7 percent less (American Community Survey, 2007, 2010, 2012, and 2015).

Differences in the median earnings between White and Hispanic workers have decreased from 48 percent in 2007 to 40 percent in 2015, while differences between White and Black workers have increased from 23 percent in 2007 to 45 percent in 2015 (American Community Survey, 2007, 2010, 2012, and 2015).

In addition to having lower earnings, Black and Hispanic households have substantially less wealth than White households, a gap that has been widening in recent years. Nationally (wealth data is not available at the state level), the median wealth of White households was 13 times the median wealth of Black households in 2013, compared with eight times the wealth in 2010, according to the Pew Research Center (Kochhar & Fry, 2014).

50 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY Figure 35. Median Earnings Asian, Black, Hispanic, and White Workers, Michigan, 2007 to 2015

$45,000

$40,000

$35,000 2007 $30,000 2010 $25,000

$20,000 2012 $15,000 2015 $10,000 Median Annual Earnings $5,000

$0 AsianBlack Hispanic White

Source: American Community Survey, 2007-2015

Black and Hispanic workers also face higher rates of unemployment in Michigan. Though all groups faced higher rates of unemployment through the Great Recession, Blacks had the highest rate of unemployment than any group between 2007 and 2015, and only recovered to their 2007 levels in 2015. The unemployment rate increased more for Blacks and Hispanics and has recovered at a slower rate than for Whites. By 2015, the unemployment rate for Whites was 6 percent compared to 8 percent in 2007. The Hispanic unemployment rate is a third higher than that of Whites at 9 percent, and the unemployment rate for Blacks was nearly triple that of Whites at 17 percent in 2015 (Figure 36).

Figure 36. Unemployment for Asian, White, Hispanic, and Black Workers, Michigan, 2007 to 2015

30%

28% 25%

d 23% Asian 20%

19% White 15% 17% 17% Hispanic 14% 14% 13% Black 10%

Percent Unemploye 9% 9% 9% 8% 5% 7% 6% 6% 5%

0% 2007 2010 2012 2015

Source: American Community Survey, 2007-2015

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 51 Implications for the Community The importance of high-quality child care and public education remains a fundamental American value, but ALICE households are challenged to find quality, affordable education at all levels in Michigan. With inadequate educational opportunities, the state economy loses talent and suffers from lower productivity from less-skilled workers. In order for Michigan’s economy to continue to grow and sustain an aging population, the state must also then continue to attract workers from other states and abroad. An education system that works for all residents would be an important draw.

Education is also important for communities; people with lower levels of education are often less engaged in their communities and less able to improve conditions for their families. More than half of those without a high school diploma report not understanding political issues, while 89 percent of those with a bachelor’s degree have at least some understanding of political issues. Similarly, having a college degree significantly increases the likelihood of volunteering, even controlling for other demographic characteristics (Baum, Ma, & Payea, 2013; Campbell, 2006; Mitra, 2011).

Ultimately, basic secondary education remains essential for any job. According to the Alliance for Excellent Education, if all students graduated from high school in Michigan, their aggregate increased annual income would be $43 million, and annual crime-related savings would be would be $695 million (Alliance for Excellent Education (AEE), 2013).

What Will it Take to Meet the Challenges Ahead? There is a basic belief in America that if you work hard, you can support your family. Yet, the data presented in this Report shows that this is not the case for hundreds of thousands of hard-working families in Michigan. The Report also debunks the assumptions and stereotypes that those who cannot support their families are primarily people of color, live in urban areas, are unemployed, or in extreme cases are thought to be simply lazy or have some sort of moral failing.

Why is there a mismatch between stereotypes and the facts? First, there has been a lack of awareness. Before the United Way ALICE Reports, 1.53 million struggling households in Michigan had not been fully named and counted. Second, the situation has developed over decades and barriers are embedded in many parts of our economy and communities.

Solutions require addressing the layers of obstacles outlined in this Report that prevent ALICE families from achieving financial stability: An economy heavily dependent on low-wage jobs, fast-changing job landscape, institutional bias against populations of color, changing demographics, increasing cost of household basics, and even the increasing occurrence of natural disasters.

What Will it Take to Overcome These Barriers? The most common approaches to overcoming these barriers are short-term efforts that help an ALICE family weather an emergency. Temporary housing, child care assistance, meals, rides to work, and caregiving for ill or elderly relatives help ALICE recover from the loss of housing, a lack of food, an accident, or illness. These approaches can be crucial to preventing an ALICE household from falling into poverty or becoming homeless. But, these short-term relief efforts are not designed to move households to long-term financial stability.

The issues affecting ALICE are complex and solutions are difficult. Real change requires identifying where barriers exist and understanding how they are connected. Only then can stakeholders begin to envision bold ideas and take the steps necessary to remove barriers so that ALICE families can thrive. The following solutions need to be a part of the dialogue when addressing the financial stability of Michigan residents.

52 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY Decrease the cost of household basics: The cost of basic household necessities in Michigan has increased faster than the national rate of inflation – and wages of most jobs – leavingALICE households further behind than a decade ago. Large-scale economic and social changes that could significantly reduce basic household costs over time include a larger supply of affordable housing (market-rate or subsidized), public preschool, accessible and affordable health care, and more public transportation (Collins & Gjertson, 2013; Consumer and Community Development Research Section of the Federal Reserve Board’s Division of Consumer and Community Affairs (DCCA), 2015; Lusardi, Schneider, & Tufano, 2011; Allard, Danziger, & Wathe, 2012).

Improve job opportunities: The seemingly simple solution – to increase the wages of current low-paying jobs – has complex consequences. The increased cost of doing business is either passed on to the consumer, who in many cases is ALICE, or absorbed by the business, resulting in fewer resources to invest in growth, or in some cases in a reduction in staff. However, if ALICE families have more income, they can spend more and utilize less assistance. Increased consumer activity provides benefits to businesses that can offset increased costs in production (Knowledge@Wharton, 2013; Congressional Budget Office, 2014; Wolfson, 2014).

Another option is to focus on restructuring the Michigan economy towards more medium- and high- skilled jobs in both the public and private sectors, an enormous undertaking involving a wide range of stakeholders. But as technology increasingly replaces many low-wage jobs, this will be even more important for Michigan. Such a shift would require an influx of new businesses and new industries, increased education and training for workers, and policies for labor migration to ensure skill needs are met (Luis, 2009; Frey & Osborne, September 2013).

Adjust to fast-paced job change: New gig-focused job opportunities help many ALICE households fill short-term gaps in standard employment and some provide more lucrative opportunities than exist in the traditional employment market. While part-time and contract work has been part of the Michigan economy for decades, these jobs are growing rapidly, pushing economists and policymakers into uncharted territory. With the shift to contract work, the burden of economic risk is increasingly shifted to workers, including retraining and securing benefits such as health insurance and disability insurance. Since any period of unemployment is a financial hardship for ALICE families, new safety measures that keep workers from sliding into financial distress during periods of transition will be needed (Friedman, 2016; Donovan, Bradley, & Shimabukuro, 2016; Watson, Frohlich, & Johnston, 2014).

Accommodate changing demographics: Based on forecasted economic and demographic changes, particularly the increasing number of seniors and immigrants, it is foreseeable that significantly more households will need smaller, lower-cost housing over the next two decades. In addition, these groups prefer housing that is close to transportation and community services. The changing structure of households, including the decline in the number of married parents with children and the increase in single male-parent families, will impact child care and schools as well as neighborhoods (sidewalks and playgrounds) and consumer goods (United Health Foundation, 2016; Stilwell, 2015).

The economics of building, especially in rural areas, and current zoning laws, especially in urban areas, in Michigan limit the building of new, small, or low-cost housing units in most of the remaining open areas in Michigan. To meet the needs of seniors, and preferences of millennials and immigrants, the zoning laws will need to be changed to allow for townhouses and multifamily units in location-efficient areas (close to job centers and public amenities). These groups also prefer energy-efficient homes with lower running and maintenance costs. However, such changes impact developers and existing homeowners, making this a complex undertaking (Joint Center for Housing Studies, 2013; The White House, 2016; Prevost, 2013; Michigan Association of Planning, 2007; Ireland, 2016).

Address institutional bias: While attitudes about race and ethnicity have improved over the last few decades, there is a deeper cause for the sharp economic racial disparities. Recent reports have found that the gaps in education, income, and wealth that now exist along racial lines in the U.S. have little to

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 53 do with individual behaviors. Instead, these gaps reflect policies and institutional practices that create different opportunities for Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics. To make a difference for ALICE families that are Black, Hispanic, or another disadvantaged group, changes need to be made within the institutions that impede equity in the legal system, health care, housing, education, and jobs (Mishel, Bivens, Gould, & Shierholz, 2012; Shapiro, Meschede, & Osoro, 2013; Oliver & Shapiro, 2006; Cramer, 2012; Leadership Conference on Civil Rights, 2000; Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2015; Goldrick-Rab, Kelchen, & Houle, 2014; Sum & Khatiwada, 2010) .

Prepare for natural disasters: For the most part, Michigan is less susceptible to natural disasters than coastal states. But there are still extreme winter storms and cold, flooding along lake and river shores, and occasionally tornados, wild fires, and extreme heat. However, the case of lead pipes in Flint serves as an example of how low-income communities can be vulnerable to man-made disasters (Michigan Prepares, 2016; Ankenbrand, 2016).

Natural disasters have a disproportionate impact on low-income families. With no savings to cover even minor damage to their homes or cars, many households have no way to pay for these additional expenses. With a tight budget, most ALICE households cannot afford insurance or even preventative maintenance. As a result, they cannot repair even minor damage to homes and property, or afford dislocation. These natural disasters can also lead to increased mental health issues (Cooley, Eli Moore, & Allen, 2012; Deryugina, Kawano, & Levitt, 2013; Michigan Legal Aid, 2016).

However, because of the demand for more housing, areas have been developed that are vulnerable to flooding and wild fires. The housing that ALICE households can afford is often less expensive because it is located in vulnerable or remote areas, or because the infrastructure is minimal, aging or both (U.S. Global Change Research Program, 2014; Flint Water Advisory Task Force, 2016; School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 2012).

Ultimately, if ALICE households were financially stable, Michigan’s economy would be stronger and communities would be more vibrant. It will not be easy to bring about positive change for ALICE and all families. To do so, Michigan stakeholders – family, friends, nonprofits, and the government – will need to work together with innovation and vision, and be willing to change the structure of the local and national economy and even the fabric of their communities.

54 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY BIBLIOGRAPHY

AARP. (2012). AARP Workforce Profiles: Michigan. Retrieved from Baum, S., Ma, J., & Payea, K. (2013). Education Pays: The Benefits http://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/research/surveys_statistics/ of Higher Education for Individuals and Society. Retrieved from general/2013/workforceprofiles/AARP%20Workforce%20Profile%20 https://trends.collegeboard.org/sites/default/files/ -%20Michigan.pdf education-pays-2013-full-report.pdf

AARP Public Policy Institute. (2015, June). Caregiving in the Ben-Shalom, Y., Moffitt, R., & Scholz, J. (2012). An Assessment of U.S. 2015. National Alliance for Caregiving. Retrieved from the Effectiveness of Anti-Poverty Programs in the United States. http://www.caregiving.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/2015_ (Chapter 22). Retrieved from CaregivingintheUS_Final-Report-June-4_WEB.pdf http://www.irp.wisc.edu/publications/dps/pdfs/dp139211.pdf

Abdel-Razzaq, L. (2015). Banks Redefine Role of Teller in Bloom, D., Canning, D., & Fink, G. (2011, January). Implications of Move Toward Technology. The Detroit News. Retrieved from Population Aging for Economic Growth. (P. o. Aging, Ed.) (Working http://www.detroitnews.com/story/business/2015/02/27/ Paper No. 64). Retrieved from technology-changing-bank-teller-role/24156071/ http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/program-on-the-global-demography- of-aging/WorkingPapers/2011/PGDA_WP_64.pdf Abraham, K., Haltiwanger, J., Sandusky, K., & Spletzer, J. (2016, May ). Measuring the Gig Economy. Society of Labor Economists. Boesel, M. (2016). Distressed Sales Update: June 2016. Retrieved from Retrieved from http://www.sole-jole.org/16375.pdf http://www.corelogic.com/blog/authors/molly-boesel/2016/09/ distressed-sales-update-june-2016.aspx#.WKNrHlUrKUk Abrahms, S. (2013, May 31). House Sharing for Boomer Women Who Would Rather Not Live Alone. AARP Bulletin. Retrieved from Boudreau, J. (2015). We Need to Move Beyond the http://www.aarp.org/home-family/your-home/info-05-2013/ Employee vs. Contractor Debate. Harvard Business older-women-roommates-house-sharing.html Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2015/07/ we-need-to-move-beyond-the-employee-vs-contractor-debate Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). (2015, May). 2014 National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report. AHRQ Bricker, J., Dettling, L., Henriques, A., Hsu, J., Moore, K., Sabelhaus, Pub. No. 15-0007. Retrieved from J., & Windle, R. (2014, September). Changes in U.S. Family https://www.ahrq.gov/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhqdr14/index.html Finances from 2010 to 2013: Evidence from the Survey of Consumer Finances. Federal Reserve Bulletin, 100(4). Retrieved from Allard, S. W., Danziger, S., & Wathe, M. (2012). Policy Brief. http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/bulletin/2014/pdf/scf14.pdf National Poverty Center. Retrieved from http://www.npc.umich.edu/ publications/policy_briefs/brief31/PolicyBrief31.pdf Brookings. (2016). Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) Interactive. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/ Alliance for Excellent Education (AEE). (2013, September). interactives/earned-income-tax-credit-eitc-interactive-and- Saving Futures, Saving Dollars: The Impact of Education on Crime resources/?keyword=CHARACTERISTICS%20OF%20 Reduction and Earnings. Retrieved from EITC-ELIGIBLE%20TAX%20UNITS%20IN%202014 http://all4ed.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/SavingFutures.pdf Brown, J., Rhee, N., Saad-Lessler, J., & Oakley, D. (March 2016). American Community Survey. (2007, 2010, 2012, and 2015). 2007, Shortchanged in Retirement: Continuing Challenges to Women’s 2010, 2012, and 2014; 1-, 3-, and 5-Year Estimates. Retrieved from Financial Future. National Institute on Retirement Security. U.S. Census Bureau: http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/ Retrieved from http://www.nirsonline.org/storage/nirs/documents/ pages/searchresults.xhtml?refresh=t Shortchanged/final_shortchanged_retirement_report_2016.pdf

American Community Survey. (2015). 2014; 1-, and 3-, and 5-Year Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The Second Machine Age: Estimates. Retrieved from U.S. Census Bureau: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/ (First Edition ed.). Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com/ pages/searchresults.xhtml?refresh=t The-Second-Machine-Age-Technologies/dp/0393239357

American Immigration Council. (2015). New Americans in Michigan. Bureau of Economic Analysis. (2015). Annual Gross Domestic Retrieved from https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/ Product (GDP) by State. Retrieved from research/new-americans-michigan https://www.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?reqid=70&step=1&isuri =1&acrdn=2#reqid=70&step=1&isuri=1&7003=200&7035=- Ankenbrand, A. (2016). Top 5 Reasons Why Michigan is a Good 1&7004=naics&7005=-1&7006=19000&7036=-1&7001=1200& Disaster Recovery Location. Retrieved from 7002=1&7090=70&7007=2014&7093=levels http://resource.onlinetech.com/top-5-reasons-why- michigan-is-a-good-disaster-recovery-location/ Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). (2007 and 2015). Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) Survey. U.S. Department of Labor. Aspen Institute. (2013). Experiences Of Immigrant Workers: Challenges, Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/oes/ Opportunities, And The Future Of Our Economy. Retrieved from http://www.aspenwsi.org/resource/immigrant-workers/ Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). (2015). Alternative Measures of Labor Underutilization for States, 2015 Annual Averages. Retrieved Ayanian, J. Z., Ehrlich, G. M., Grimes, D. R., & Levy, H. (2017). from Local Area Unemployment Statistics, U.S. Department of Economic Effects of Medicaid Expansion in Michigan. New England Labor: http://www.bls.gov/lau/stalt14q4.htm Journal of Medicine. Retrieved from http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1613981#t=article

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 55 Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). (2015). QCEW State and County Cooley, H., Eli Moore, M. H., & Allen, L. (2012). Social Vulnerability Map. Retrieved from BLS Beta Labs, U.S. Department of Labor: to Climate Change in California. California Energy Commission’s http://beta.bls.gov/maps/cew/us California Climate Change Center. Retrieved from http://www.energy.ca.gov/2012publications/ Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). (2015). States: Employment CEC-500-2012-013/CEC-500-2012-013.pdf status of the civilian noninstitutional population, 1976 to 2015 annual averages. Retrieved from U.S. Department of Labor: CoreLogic. (2016). CoreLogic Reports 38,000 Completed http://www.bls.gov/lau/staadata.txt Foreclosures in May 2016. Retrieved from http://www.corelogic.com/about-us/news/corelogic-reports- Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2016). Occupational employment, job 38,000-completed-foreclosures-in-may-2016.aspx openings and worker characteristics. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_table_107.htm Corporation for Enterprise Development (CFED). (2012). Asset and Opportunity Scorecard, 2012. Retrieved from Camarota, S. A. (2015). Welfare Use by Legal and Illegal Immigrant http://assetsandopportunity.org/scorecard/state_data/ Households. Retrieved from http://cis.org/Welfare-Use-Legal-Illegal-Immigrant-Households Cramer, R. (2012, December 13). Trends in Savings, Debt, and Net Worth: Testimony to FDIC Advisory Committee on Economic Campbell, D. (2006). What is Education’s Impact on Civic and Inclusion (ComE-IN). Retrieved from https://static.newamerica.org/ Social Engagement?” Measuring the Effects of Education on Health attachments/8991-fdic-is-focusing-on-saving-and-financial-inclusion/ and Civic Engagement. Retrieved from CramerFDIC1.3 13 a91df04065274d9f8e5c50910114f0c0.pdf http://www.oecd.org/edu/innovation-education/37425694.pdf Deryugina, T., Kawano, L., & Levitt, S. (2013). The Economic CBRE Research. (2015). Tech Thirty, 2015. Retrieved from Impact of Hurricane Katrina on its Victims: Evidence from Individual http://www.cbre.us/research/2015-US-Reports/ Tax Returns. American Economic Association. Retrieved from Pages/Tech-Thirty-2015.aspx http://www.nber.org/papers/w20713

Center for Responsible Lending. (2014). The State of Lending in Donovan, S., Bradley, D., & Shimabukuro, J. (2016). What Does the America and Its Impact on U.S. Households. Retrieved from Gig Economy Mean for Workers? Congressional Research Service. http://www.responsiblelending.org/state-of-lending/ Retrieved from https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R44365.pdf reports/SOL-full-5-12-14.pdf Dowd, T., & Horowitz, J. (2011, September). Income Mobility and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). (2016). the Earned Income Tax Credit: Short-Term Safety Net or Long-Term Retrieved from https://www.medicare.gov/what-medicare-covers/ Income Support . Public Finance Review. Retrieved from not-covered/item-and-services-not-covered-by-part-a-and-b.html https://cms.bsu.edu/-/media/WWW/DepartmentalContent/ MillerCollegeofBusiness/Econ/research/FacultyPapers/ Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). (2016). Retrieved from horowitz2011pfr.pdf https://www.cms.gov/Newsroom/MediaReleaseDatabase/ Fact-sheets/2016-Fact-sheets-items/2016-06-30.html Economic Policy Institute. (2015). Family Budget Calculator. Retrieved May 22, 2014, from http://www.epi.org/resources/budget/ Chetty, R., & Hendren, N. (2015, April). The Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility: Childhood Exposure Effects and County- Education Equality Index. (n.d.). Retrieved June 23, 2016, from Level Estimates . (T. E. Project, Ed.) Retrieved from http://www.educationequalityindex.org/data/# http://www.equality-of-opportunity.org/images/nbhds_exec_summary.pdf Education Equality Index. (2016). Education Equality in America: Cohen, P. (2015, October). For-Profit Colleges Accused of Fraud Comparing the Achievement Gap Across Schools and Cities, Still Receive U.S. Funds. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.educationequalityindex.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/ http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/13/business/for-profit-colleges- Education-Equality-in-America-v12.pdf accused-of-fraud-still-receive-us-funds.html?_r=0 Evans, P. (2016). Reports show state’s housing crisis isn’t over. Coleman-Jensen, A., Rabbitt, M. P., Gregory, C., & Singh, A. Retrieved from http://www.grbj.com/articles/ (September 2015). Household Food Security in the United States 84405-reports-show-states-housing-crisis-isnt-over in 2014. Economic Research Report Number 194, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved from Farley, R. (2010). Michigan’s Demographic Outlook: Implications for https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/err194/53740_err194.pdf the University of Michigan. Retrieved from http://www.psc.isr.umich.edu/pubs/pdf/rr10-699.pdf Collins, M., & Gjertson, L. (2013). Emergency savings for low-income consumers. Focus, 12. Retrieved from Federal Reserve. (2014, July). Report on the Economic Well-Being http://www.irp.wisc.edu/publications/focus/pdfs/foc301.pdf of U.S. Households in 2013. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Retrieved from http://www.federalreserve.gov/ Congressional Budget Office. (2014). The Effects of a Minimum- econresdata/2013-report-economic-well-being-us-households-201407.pdf Wage Increase on Employment and Family Income. Retrieved from https://www.cbo.gov/publication/44995 Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. (2016). Homeownership Rate for Michigan. Retrieved from Economic Research: Consumer and Community Development Research Section of the https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MIHOWN Federal Reserve Board’s Division of Consumer and Community Affairs (DCCA). (2015). Report on the Economic Well-Being of U.S. Households in 2014. Retrieved from https://www.federalreserve.gov/ econresdata/2014-report-economic-well-being-us-households-201505.pdf

56 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY Feeding America. (2014, August). Hunger in America 2014: Goldrick-Rab, S., Kelchen, R., & Houle, J. (2014, September 2). National Report. Retrieved from The Color of Student Debt: Implications of Federal Loan Program http://help.feedingamerica.org/HungerInAmerica/hunger-in-america- Reforms for Black Students and Historically Black Colleges and 2014-full-report.pdf?s_src=W159ORGSC&s_referrer=google&s_ Universities. (W. H. Lab, Ed.) Retrieved from subsrc=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.feedingamerica.org%2Fhunger-inameric https://news.education.wisc.edu/docs/WebDispenser/news- connections-pdf/thecolorofstudentdebt-draft.pdf?sfvrsn=4 Fehr, J. (2017). Why Hire Temporary and Contract Workers. Retrieved from http://www.thehartford.com/business-playbook/ Greater Farmington Area Chamber of Commerce. (2016). in-depth/benefits-temporary-contract-employees Retrieved from http://www.gfachamber.com/

FINRA Investor Education Foundation. (2016). Michigan Survey Grogger, J. (2003, January). Welfare Transitions in the 1990s: Data, 2015. Retrieved from National Financial Capbility Study: the Economy, Welfare Policy, and the EITC. National Bureau of http://www.usfinancialcapability.org Economic Research, Working Paper No. 9472. Retrieved from http://www.nber.org/papers/w9472.pdf Flint Water Advisory Task Force. (2016). Retrieved from https://www.michigan.gov/documents/snyder/ Hanson, K. (2008). Mollie Orshansky’s Strategy to Poverty FWATF_FINAL_REPORT_21March2016_517805_7.pdf Measurement as a Relationship between Household Food Expenditures and Economy Food Plan. Review of Agricultural Freelancers Union & Elance-oDesk. (n.d.). Freelancing in America: A Economics, Volume 30(Number 3), 572–580 . Retrieved from National Survey of the New Workforce. Retrieved July 15, 2016, from http://handle.nal.usda.gov/10113/20301 https://fu-web-storage-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/content/ filer_public/7c/45/7c457488-0740-4bc4-ae45-0aa60daac531/ Haskins, R. (2011, June ). Fighting Poverty the American freelancinginamerica_report.pdf Way . Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/research/ fighting-poverty-the-american-way/ Frey, C., & Osborne, M. (September 2013). The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs To Computerisation? He, W., Goodkind, D., & Kowal, P. (2016). An Aging World: 2015. Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford. Retrieved from Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/content/dam/ http://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/academic/ Census/library/publications/2016/demo/p95-16-1.pdf The_Future_of_Employment.pdf Herbert, C., McCue, D., & Sanchez-Moyano, R. (September 2013). Friedman, T. (2016). Thank You for Being Late: An Optimist’s Guide Is Homeownership Still an Effective Means of Building Wealth for to Thriving in the Age of Accelerations. Retrieved from Low-income and Minority Households? (Was it Ever?). Harvard http://us.macmillan.com/thankyouforbeinglate/thomaslfriedman University, Joint Center for Housing Studies. Retrieved from http://www.jchs.harvard.edu/sites/jchs.harvard.edu/files/hbtl-06.pdf Fulton, G. A. (2016). Research Seminar in Quantitative Economics. Retrieved from http://www.rsqe.econ.lsa.umich.edu/ Hounsell, C. (2008). The Female Factor 2008: Why Women Are at Docs/RSQE-MI-ForecastHighlights(2016.11).pdf#zoom=100 Greater Financial Risk in Retirement and How Annuities Can Help. Retrieved from https://www.wiserwomen.org/images/ Furman, J., & Gray, D. (2012, July 12). Ten Ways Immigrants Help imagefiles/The%20Female%20Factor%202008.pdf Build and Strengthen Our Economy . Retrieved from https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2012/07/12/ Humes, K. R., Jones, N. A., & Ramirez, R. R. (2011). Overview ten-ways-immigrants-help-build-and-strengthen-our-economy of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010. U.S. Census. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf Gardner, M., Johnson, S., & Wiehe, M. (April 2015). Undocumented Immigrants’ State & Local Tax Contributions. Institute on Taxation & Internal Revenue Service (IRS). (2007, 2010 and 2012). NCCS Economic Policy. Retrieved from Data Web Report Builder, Statistics of Income 990EZc3 Report and http://www.itep.org/pdf/undocumentedtaxes2015.pdf 990 c3 Report.

Garfield, R., Damico, A., Stephens, J., & Rouhani, S. (2015, April Internal Revenue Service (IRS). (2016). Individual Shared 17). The Coverage Gap: Uninsured Poor Adults in States that Do Not Responsibility Provision – Reporting and Calculating the Payment. Expand Medicaid – An Update. Retrieved January 21, 2016, from Retrieved from https://www.irs.gov/affordable-care-act/ http://kff.org/health-reform/issue-brief/the-coverage-gap-uninsured- individuals-and-families/aca-individual-shared-responsibility- poor-adults-in-states-that-do-not-expand-medicaid-an-update/ provision-calculating-the-payment

Gautz, C. (2013). Report: Michigan’s Future will Rely Less on Auto Internal Revenue Service. (2014). Individual Income and Tax Data, Factory Employment, More on Knowledge-based Service Sector. by State and Size of Adjusted Gross Income, Tax Year 2014. Crain’s Detroit Business. Retrieved from Retrieved from https://www.irs.gov/uac/soi-tax-stats-historic-table-2 http://www.crainsdetroit.com/article/20131108/NEWS/131109842/ report-michigans-future-will-rely-less-on-auto-factory-employment Ireland, E. (2016). Why Does it Cost so Much to Build Affordable Housing? Retrieved from https://communityhousingnetwork.org/ Glasmeier, A., & Nadeau, C. (2015). Living Wage Calculator User’s cost-much-build-affordable-housing/#_ftn1 Guide/Technical Notes, 2015 Update. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Retrieved from http://livingwage.mit.edu/ Joint Center for Housing Studies. (2013). America’s Rental resources/Living-Wage-User-Guide-and-Technical-Notes-2015.pdf Housing: Evolving Markets and Needs. Retrieved from http://www.jchs.harvard.edu/sites/jchs.harvard.edu/ Glazer, L., & Grimes, D. (2015). Michigan’s Transition to a files/jchs_americas_rental_housing_2013_1_0.pdf Knowledge-Based Economy, 2007-2014. Retrieved from http://michiganfuture.org/cms/assets/uploads/ 2015/11/Michigan-Future_2015-Report.pdf

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 57 Jones, S. (2014). Table: The Rise in Auto Loans Across the U.S. Manyika, J., Lund, S., Bughin, J., Robinson, K., Mischke, J., & Retrieved from Bankrate.com: http://www.bankrate.com/finance/ Mahajan, D. (2016). Independent work: Choice, necessity, and the auto/table-auto-loan-debt-per-capita-by-state.aspx gig economy. McKinsey Global Institute. Retrieved from http://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/employment-and-growth/ Kaiser Family Foundation. (2012). Health Care Costs: A Primer. independent-work-choice-necessity-and-the-gig-economy Retrieved from http://kff.org/report-section/health-care-costs-a-primer-2012-report/ Martin, J., & Ruark, E. (2010). The Fiscal Burden Of Illegal Immigration On United States Taxpayers. Federation for American Kaiser Family Foundation. (2014). Average Monthly Food Stamp Immigration Reform . Retrieved from http://www.fairus.org/ Benefits Per Person. Retrieved from State Health Facts: DocServer/research-pub/USCostStudy_2013upd.pdf http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/avg-monthly-food-stamp-benefits/ Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). (2015). Living Wage Katz, L., & Krueger, A. (2016). The Rise and Nature of Alternative Calculator User’s Guide/Technical Notes, 2015 Update. Retrieved from Work Arrangements in the United States, 1995-2015. RAND- http://livingwage.mit.edu/resources/ Princeton Contingent Worker Survey. Retrieved from Living-Wage-User-Guide-and-Technical-Notes-2015.pdf https://krueger.princeton.edu/sites/default/files/akrueger/ files/katz_krueger_cws_-_march_29_20165.pdf MetLife Mature Market Institute. (June 2011). The MetLife Study of Elder Financial Abuse. Retrieved from https://www.metlife.com/ Keely, L., van Ark, B., Levanon, G., & Burbank, J. (May 2012). assets/cao/mmi/publications/studies/2011/mmi-elder-financial-abuse.pdf The Shifting Nature of U.S. Housing Demand. Demand Institute. Retrieved from http://demandinstitute.org/demandwp/wp-content/ Michigan Association of Planning. (2007). Retrieved from uploads/2015/03/the-shifting-nature-of-us-housing-demand.pdf http://www.planningmi.org/downloads/issue_36_affordable_housing.pdf

Kiernan, J. (2016). Q2 2016 Auto Financing Report. WalletHub. Michigan Department of Education. (2014). Quantifying the Retrieved March 30, 2016, from Achievement Gap. Retrieved from https://www.michigan.gov/ https://wallethub.com/edu/auto-financing-report/10131/ documents/mde/Quantifying_the_Achievement_Gap_473719_7.pdf

Knight, W. (2012). This Robot Could Transform Manufacturing. MIT Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2016). Technology Review. Retrieved from Retrieved from https://www.technologyreview.com/s/429248/ http://www.mdch.state.mi.us/pha/osr/CHI/POP/DP00_A1.asp this-robot-could-transform-manufacturing/ Michigan Department of Treasury. (2015).Retrieved from Knowledge@Wharton. (2013). The Complex Economics of http://www.michigan.gov/documents/taxes/MI-1040_Book_406578_7.pdf; America’s Minimum Wage. Retrieved from https://www.michigan.gov/documents/taxes/1040_Book_-_ http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/ Instructions_Only_508950_7.pdf;http://www.michigan.gov/ complex-economics-americas-minimum-wage/ documents/taxes/MI1040book_341323_7.pdf; http://www.michigan.gov/documents/taxes/MI-1040booklet_219043_7.pdf Kochhar, R., & Fry, R. (2014). Wealth Inequality Has Widened along Racial, Ethnic Lines Since End of Great Recession. FactTank. Michigan Economic Development Corporation (MEDC). (2016) Retrieved from http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/ Retrieved from http://www.michiganbusiness.org/cm/Files/Reports/ 2014/12/12/racial-wealth-gaps-great-recession/ MEDC-2014-2015-Annual-Report_E3.pdf?rnd=1486489335669

Leadership Conference on Civil Rights. (2000). Justice on Trial: Michigan Health and Hospital Association. (2015). Retrieved from Racial Disparities in the American Criminal Justice System. http://www.mha.org/Newsroom/Publications/Economic-Impact Leadership Conference Education Fund. Retrieved from http://www.protectcivilrights.org/pdf/reports/justice.pdf Michigan Legal Aid. (2016). Recovering from Hurricanes and Other Natural Disaters: Your Rights. Retrieved from Leibtag, E., & Kumcu, A. (2011, May). The WIC Fruit and Vegetable http://www.michiganlegalaid.org/library_client/individual_rights/ Cash Voucher: Does Regional Price Variation Affect Buying Power?. recovering_from_disasters_your_legal_rights/html_view Economic Information Bulletin (Number 75). Retrieved from http://www.ers.usda.gov/media/127579/eib Michigan Office for New Americans. (2016). The Contributions of New Americans in Michigan. Retrieved from http://www.michigan.gov/ Luis, M. (2009). A Tale of Ten Cities: Attracting and Retaining Talent. documents/ona/PNAE_Michigan_Final_Report_531020_7.pdf Retrieved from http://www.psrc.org/assets/5585/IRBC2-Talent1109.pdf Michigan Office of Great Start. (2015). Retrieved from Lusardi, A., Schneider, D., & Tufano, P. (2011). Financially Fragile https://www.michigan.gov/documents/mde/ Households:Evidence and Implications. Retrieved from MI_2015_MRS_Final_Report_493236_7.pdf https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/ 2011/03/2011a_bpea_lusardi.pdf Michigan Prepares. (2016). Retrieved from http://www.michigan.gov/michiganprepares/ Mack, J. (2015). 6% of Michigan residents are foreign born, and 9 other facts about immigrants. MLive. Retrieved from Migration Policy Institute. (2014). State Immigration Data Profiles: http://www.mlive.com/news/kalamazoo/index.ssf/ Demographics & Social. Retrieved from 2015/11/6_of_michigan_residents_are_fo.html http://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/ data-hub/state-immigration-data-profiles

58 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY Minnesota Attorney General’s Office. (2016). For-Profit Colleges: Pereira, K. M., Crosnoe, R., Fortuny, K., Pedroza, J. M., Do Your Homework. Retrieved from Ulvestad, K., Weiland, C., . . . Chaudry, A. (2012). Barrier https://www.ag.state.mn.us/Brochures/pubForProfitColleges.pdf to Immigrants Acces to Health and Human Services Programs. Retrieved from https://aspe.hhs.gov/basic-report/ Mishel, L., Bivens, J., Gould, E., & Shierholz, H. (2012). The State barriers-immigrants-access-health-and-human-services-programs of Working America, 12th Edition. Ithaca, NY: An Economic Policy Institute Book, Cornell University Press. Perryman Group. (2008, April). An Essential Resource: An Analysis of the Economic Impact of Undocumented Workers on Business MIT, Calhoun County. (n.d.). Retrieved from Activity in the US with Estimated Effects by State and Industry. http://livingwage.mit.edu/counties/26025 Retrieved from https://www.perrymangroup.com/wp-content/ uploads/Impact_of_the_Undocumented_Workforce.pdf Mitra, D. (2011). Pennsylvania’s Best Investment: The Social and Economic Benefits of Public Education. Retrieved from Pew Charitable Trusts. (2014). Mapping Public Benefits for http://www.elc-pa.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/ Immigrants in the States. Retrieved from BestInvestment_Full_Report_6.27.11.pdf http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/ 2014/09/mapping-public-benefits-for-immigrants-in-the-states National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2016). The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration. Pew Charitable Trusts. (May 2016). A Look at Access to Employer- Retrieved from https://www.nap.edu/catalog/23550/ Based Retirement Plans in the Nation’s Metropolitan Areas. Brief. the-economic-and-fiscal-consequences-of-immigration Retrieved from http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/assets/2016/05/ employerbased_retirement_plans_metropolitan_areas.pdf?la=en National Association of State Budget Officers. (2014). State Expenditure Report: Examining Fiscal 2012-2014 State Spending. Pew Research Center. (2014, November 18). Unauthorized Retrieved from https://higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com/ Immigrants in the U.S., 2012. Hispanic Trends. NASBO/9d2d2db1-c943-4f1b-b750-0fca152d64c2/UploadedImages/ Retrieved from http://www.pewhispanic.org/interactives/ SER%20Archive/State%20Expenditure%20Report%20Fiscal%20 unauthorized-immigrants-2012/map/all-immigrant-share/ 2012%202014%20S.pdf Prevost, L. (2013). Snob Zones: Fear, Prejudice, and Real Estate. National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). (2014). Retrieved Boston, MA: Beacon Press. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com/ from http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d14/tables/dt14_309.10.asp Snob-Zones-Fear-Prejudice-Estate-ebook/dp/B008ED6AL8

National Conference of State Legislatures. (2016). Tax Credits for Projections Central. (2016). Long Term Occupational Projections. Working Families: Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). Retrieved from Retrieved from http://www.projectionscentral.com/Projections/LongTerm http://www.ncsl.org/research/labor-and-employment/ earned-income-tax-credits-for-working-families.aspx Redfoot, D., Feinberg, L., & Houser, A. (2013, August). The Aging of the Baby Boom and the Growing Care Gap: A Look at Future National Conference of State Legislatures. (October 2011). State Declines in the Availability of Family Caregivers. Retrieved from Policies to Counteract the Cliff Effect in Public Programs: Summary http://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/research/public_policy_institute/ Prepared by National Conference of State Legislatures. Retrieved from ltc/2013/baby-boom-and-the-growing-care-gap-insight-AARP-ppi-ltc.pdf http://www.legis.nd.gov/files/committees/64-2014%20 appendices/17_9066_01000appendixb.pdf Reinhard, S. C., Kassner, E., Houser, A., Ujvari, K., Mollica, R., & Hendrickson, L. (2014). Raising Expectations: A State Scorecard Networks Northwest. (2011). Retrieved from on Long-Term Services and Supports for Older Adults, People With www.networksnorthwest.org/userfiles/filemanager/3813/ Physical Disabilities, and Family Caregivers. Retrieved from http://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/research/public_policy_institute/ O’Dea, C. (2016). Explainer: NJ’s Welfare Programs pay Well ltc/2014/raising-expectations-2014-AARP-ppi-itc.pdf Below Federal Poverty Level. NJ Spotlight. Retrieved from http://www.njspotlight.com/stories/16/02/22/explainer-nj-s- Rochester Regional Chamber of Commerce. (2016). Retrieved from welfare-programs-pay-well-below-poverty-level-impose-strict-rules/ http://www.rrc-mi.com/pages/EconomicDevelopment

Office of Management and Budget. (2016). Fiscal Year 2016 Analytical Rosaen, A., & Taylor, T. (2017). Empowering Michigan. Retrieved from Perspectives Budget of the U.S. Government. Retrieved from http://www.andersoneconomicgroup.com/Portals/ https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BUDGET-2016-PER/ 0/upload/URC_Econ%20Impact_1-24-2017.pdf pdf/BUDGET-2016-PER.pdf Rosenbaum, D. (2013, January ). The Relationship Between SNAP Oliver, M., & Shapiro, T. (2006). Black Wealth/White Wealth: and Work Among Low-Income Households. Center on Budget and A New Perspective on Racial Inequality (2nd ed.). New York, Policy Priorities. Retrieved from NY: Routledge. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com/ http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=view&id=38 Black-Wealth-White-Perspective-Inequality/dp/0415951674 SBDCNet. (2014). Daycare Business 2014. Retrieved from Paral, R. (2014). Growing the Heartland: How Immigrants http://www.sbdcnet.org/small-business-research-reports/ Offset Population Decline and an Aging Workforce in Midwest daycare-business-2014 Metropolitan Areas. Retrieved from https://www.thechicagocouncil.org/sites/ School of Public Health, University of Michigan. (2012). default/files/GrowingHeartland_June2014.pdf Environmental Justice & Vulnerable Populations. Retrieved from https://sph.umich.edu/findings/spring2012/michigan/moves.html

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 59 Senate Fiscal Agency. (2016). Retrieved from U.S. Census Bureau. (2013). Statistics for All U.S. Firms by http://www.senate.michigan.gov/sfa/Publications/ Industry, Gender, Ethnicity, and Race for the U.S., States, Metro BudUpdates/EconomicOutlookMay16.pdf Areas, Counties, and Places: 2012, 2012 Survey of Business Owners. Retrieved from American Fact Finder: Shaefer, H. L., & Edin, K. (2013, May ). Rising Extreme http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/ Poverty in the United States and the Response of Federal jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk Means-Tested Transfer Programs . (Working Paper #13-06). Retrieved from http://www.npc.umich.edu/publications/ U.S. Chamber of Commerce. (2013). Immigration Myths and Facts. working_papers/?publication_id=255& Retrieved from https://www.uschamber.com/sites/ default/files/legacy/reports/Immigration_MythsFacts.pdf Shapiro, T., Meschede, T., & Osoro, S. (2013). The Roots of the Widening Racial Wealth Gap: Explaining the Black-White Economic U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation. (2015). The Path Divide. Brandeis University, Institute on Assets and Social Policy. Froward: Improving Opportunities for African-American Students. Retrieved from http://iasp.brandeis.edu/pdfs/Author/ Retrieved from http://www.leadersandlaggards.org/sites/default/files/ shapiro-thomas-m/racialwealthgapbrief.pdf ThePathForward_Improving_Opportunities_AfricanAmerican_Students.pdf

Sherman, A., Trisi, D., & Parrott, S. (2013, July 30). Various U.S. Department of Education. (2016). FY 2013 3-Year Official Supports for Low-Income Families Reduce Poverty and Have Long- Cohort Default Rates by State/Territory. Retrieved from Term Positive Effects On Families and Children. Center on Budget https://www2.ed.gov/offices/OSFAP/defaultmanagement/staterates.pdf and Policy Priorities. Retrieved from http://www.cbpp.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/7-30-13pov.pdf U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (2015). Poverty Guidelines. Retrieved from https://aspe.hhs.gov/ Smith, A. (2016). Gig Work, Online Selling and Home Sharing. Pew prior-hhs-poverty-guidelines-and-federal-register-references Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/2016/11/17/ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2009, 2014). labor-platforms-technology-enabled-gig-work/ Retrieved from https://www.acf.hhs.gov/ofa/resource/tanf- financial-data-fy-2009; https://www.acf.hhs.gov/ofa/resource/ Stanton, M. (2006). The High Concentration of U.S. Health Care tanf-financial-data-fy-2014 Expenditures. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Retrieved from https://archive.ahrq.gov/research/ U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). findings/factsheets/costs/expriach/expendria.pdf (2010, March). Costs Associated with First-Time Homelessness for Families and Individuals. Retrieved from State Attorneys General. (2014, September 9). Re: S.2204 - http://www.huduser.org/publications/pdf/Costs_Homeless.pdf Proprietary Education Oversight Coordination Improvement Act. Retrieved from http://ag.ky.gov/pdf_news/s2204-letter.pdf U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). (2015). Picture of Subsidized Households: Summary of all HUD Stilwell, V. (2015). Boomers Competing With Millennials Programs, 2015 based on 2010 Census. Retrieved from for U.S. Urban Rental Housing. Bloomberg. Retrieved https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/picture/yearlydata.html from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-07-21/ boomers-competing-with-millennials-for-u-s-urban-rental-housing U.S. Department of Transportation. (2015). Beyond Traffic: Trends and Choices 2045. Retrieved from https://www.transportation.gov/ Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration sites/dot.gov/files/docs/Draft_Beyond_Traffic_Framework.pdf in partnership with the U.S. Administration on Aging. (2012, December). Policy Academy State Profile: [STATE]. Retrieved from U.S. Global Change Research Program. (2014). Retrieved from https://aoa.acl.gov/AoA_Programs/HPW/Behavioral/ http://www.globalchange.gov/nca3-downloads-materials docs2/Michigan%20Epi%20Profile%20Final.pdf U.S. Government Accountability Office (U.S. GAO). (2007). Sum, A., & Khatiwada, I. (2010). The Nation’s Underemployed in Unemployment Insurance: Low-Wage And Part-Time Workers the ‘Great Recession’ of 2007–09. Monthly Labor Review, Vol. 133. Continue To Experience Low Rates Of Receipt. Retrieved from Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2010/11/mlr201011.pdf http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d071147.pdf

The White House. (2016). Housing Development Toolkit. Retrieved from U.S. Government Accountability Office (U.S. GAO). (2015). https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/ Contingent Workforce: Size, Characteristics, Earnings, and files/images/Housing_Development_Toolkit%20f.2.pdf Benefits. GAO-15-168R. Retrieved from http://www.gao.gov/assets/670/669766.pdf U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2015). Elderly Abuse Statistics. National Center on Elder Abuse. Retrieved from U.S. Government Accountability Office (U.S. GAO). (August 4, http://www.statisticbrain.com/elderly-abuse-statistics/ 2010). For-Profit Colleges: Undercover Testing Finds Colleges Encouraged Fraud and Engaged in Deceptive and Questionable U.S. Census Bureau. (2005). Population Projections. Retrieved from Marketing Practices. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/population/projections/ http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-10-948T data/state/projectionsagesex.html U.S. Government Accountability Office (U.S. GAO). (October 7, 2010). U.S. Census Bureau. (2010, 2015). Population Estimates: Historical Higher Education: Stronger Federal Oversight Needed to Enforce Ban Data. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved from on Incentive Payments to School Recruiters. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/popest/data/historical/index.html http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-11-10

60 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY U.S. Government Accountability Office (U.S. GAO). (September 21, 2009). Proprietary Schools: Stronger Department of Education Oversight Needed to Help Ensure Only Eligible Students Receive Federal Student Aid. Retrieved from http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-09-600

U.S. Small Business Administration. (2016). Small Business Profile: Michigan. Retrieved from https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/advocacy/Michigan.pdf

United Health Foundation. (2016). America’s Health Rankings, 2016 Senior Report. Retrieved from http://www.americashealthrankings.org/ explore/2016-senior-report/measure/mental_health_days_sr

United Health Foundation. (2016). America’s Health Rankings, 2016 Senior Report. Retrieved from http://www.americashealthrankings.org/ explore/2015-annual-report/measure/MentalHealth/state/MI

United States Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee. (July 30, 2012). For Profi t Higher Education: The Failure to Safeguard the Federal Investment and Ensure Student Success. Retrieved from http://www.help.senate.gov/imo/ media/for_profit_report/PartI-PartIII-SelectedAppendixes.pdf

Urban Institute. (2012). NCCS Data Web Report Builder, Statistics of Income 990EZc3 Report and 990 c3 Report. Retrieved from National Center for Charitable Statistics: http://nccs.urban.org/NCCS-Databases-and-Tools.cfm

Vespa, J., Lewis, J. M., & Kreider, R. M. (2013, August ). America’s Families and Living Arrangements: 2012, Population Characteristics. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/p20-570.pdf

Waid, M. D. (2013, April). An Uphill Climb: Women Face Greater Obstacles to Retirement Security. (Fact Sheet 281). Retrieved from http://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/research/public_policy_ institute/econ_sec/2013/uphill-climb-women-face-greater- obstacles-retirement-security-AARP-ppi-econ-sec.pdf

Wald, J. (2014, July). What the Rise of the Freelance Economy Really Means for Businesses. Forbes. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/waldleventhal/2014/07/01/a-modern- human-capital-talent-strategy-usingfreelancers/#289aace16a06

Watson, L., Frohlich, L., & Johnston, E. (2014, April ). Collateral Damage: Scheduling Challenges for Workers in Low-Wage Jobs and Their Consequences . Retrieved from http://www.nwlc.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/collateral_damage_s

Wheeler, J. (2016). Where are the Workers. The Betsie Current. Retrieved from http://betsiecurrent.com/index.php/ where-are-the-workers/

Wolfson, D. B. (2014). What Does the Minimum Wage Do? Retrieved from http://research.upjohn.org/up_press/227/

Working Poor Families Project (WPFP). (2016, Accessed March 28). Indicators and data, Supplemental data, Table S.5. Retrieved from http://www.workingpoorfamilies.org/indicators/

Zabritski, M. (2016). State of the Automotive Finance Market: A Look at Loans and Leases in Q1 2016. Retrieved from http://www.experian.com/assets/automotive/quarterly-webinars/ 2016-q1-safm.pdf

Zavodny, M., & Jacoby, T. (2013). Filling the Gap. Retrieved from https://www.aei.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/-zavodny-filling- the-gap-immigration-report_140631709214.pdf

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY 61 62 FOR MICHIGAN – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN ALICE Reports. of geographicanddemographicperspectives.ExhibitIXdescribesanoverviewthemethodologyusedin The followingExhibitspresentkeydataforbetterunderstanding EXHIBITS EXHIBIT IX:METHODOLOGY OVERVIEW &RATIONALE EXHIBIT VIII:STRATEGIES THAT CANMAKE A DIFFERENCEFOR ALICE EXHIBIT VII: ALICE HOUSEHOLDSBY INCOME,2007TO 2015 EXHIBIT VI:KEY FACTS AND ALICE STATISTICS FORMICHIGANMUNICIPALITIES EXHIBIT V: THEECONOMIC VIABILITY DASHBOARD EXHIBIT IV: KEY FACTS AND ALICE STATISTICS FORMICHIGANCONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS EXHIBIT III: EXHIBIT II: ALICE HOUSINGDATA BY COUNTY EXHIBIT I: ALICE COUNTY PAGES ALICE THRESHOLD AND DEMOGRAPHICS,MICHIGAN,2015 ALICE householdsinMichiganfromavariety ALICE COUNTY PAGES

The following section presents a snapshot of ALICE in each of Michigan’s 83 counties, including the number and percent of households by income, Economic Viability Dashboard scores, Household Survival Budget, key economic indicators, and data for each municipality in the county (where available).

Because state averages often smooth over local variation, these county pages are crucial to understanding the unique combination of demographic and economic circumstances in each county in Michigan. Building on American Community Survey data, for counties with populations over 65,000, the data are 1-year estimates; for populations below 65,000, data are 5-year estimates (starting in 2014, there are no 3-year estimates). UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I – 2017 UPDATE ALICE REPORT UNITED WAY UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:27%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty15%15%) Unemployment Rate:12.2%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INALCONACOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 10,550|NumberofHouseholds: $38,033(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 0% 5,001 Household SurvivalBudget,AlconaCounty #N/A N/A Poverty

4,608 2010 58% 13% 29% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260011 Above AT Above

4,740 2012 62% 14% 24% $17,556 $1,463 $8.78 $165 $133 $184 $349 $184 $448

$– Total HH Total

5,001 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 58% 15% 27% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 $55,608 $27.80 $4,634 $1,229 $328 $421 $707 $697 $609 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in Alcona Countyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though more Alcona Countyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many Alcona Countyfamilieswithchildren livebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% 120% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 40% 60% 80% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 14% 10% 76%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 2 Vehicles 3 Vehicles 1 Vehicle Vehicle

484

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 13% 56% 31% ALICE

260013 260012 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage 90 Above AT Above Home

Headed Total HH Total Single Male- 29% 43% 28%

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

Income 0 100 200 300 400 500 600

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:36%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty14%15%) Unemployment Rate:10.8%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INALGERCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 9,476| Number ofHouseholds: $39,300(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 0% 3,470 Household SurvivalBudget,AlgerCounty #N/A N/A Poverty

3,688 2010 13% 30% 57% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260031 Above AT Above

3,558 2012 58% 13% 29% $17,556 $1,463 $8.78 $165 $133 $184 $349 $184 $448

$– Total HH Total

3,470 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 50% 14% 36% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 $55,608 $27.80 $4,634 $1,229 $328 $421 $707 $697 $609 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in Alger Countyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though more Alger Countyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many Alger Countyfamilieswithchildrenlive belowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 16% 76% 8%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle Vehicle

425

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 40% 51% 9% ALICE

260033 260032 With Mortgage With

103 No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Total HH Total Single Male- 31% 37% 32%

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

106

Income 200 250 300 350 400 450 50 100 150 0

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INALLEGANCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost ALICE Households:26%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty11% (stateaverage:15%) Unemployment Rate:1.9%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: 114,625 |NumberofHouseholds: $55,250(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 42,079 Household SurvivalBudget,AlleganCounty

41,008 2007 11% 69% 20%

Poverty

41,724 2010 59% 16% 25% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260051 Above AT Above

42,930

2012 65% 14% 21% $19,632 $1,636 $9.82 $194 $149 $184 $349 $184 $576

$– Total HH Total

42,079 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 63% 11% 26% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000 $53,544 $26.77 $4,462 $1,039 $291 $406 $707 $697 $609 $713 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in Allegan Countyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though more Allegan Countyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many Allegan Countyfamilieswithchildren livebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% 120% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 40% 60% 80% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 81% 14% 5%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 2 Vehicles 3 Vehicles 1 Vehicle

9,416 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 28% 54% 18% ALICE

260053

2,389 260052 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed

Single Male- 23% 41% 36% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

667

Income 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 0 1,000 2,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:21%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty18%15%) Unemployment Rate:9.3%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INALPENACOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 29,068|NumberofHouseholds: $38,829(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 12,722 Household SurvivalBudget,AlpenaCounty

12,996 2007 14% 22% 64%

Poverty

13,490 2010 17% 23% 60% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260071 Above AT Above

12,862

2012 17% 25% 58% $16,944 $1,412 $8.47 $156 $128 $184 $349 $184

$411

$– Total HH Total

12,722 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 18% 21% 61% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 $50,556 $25.28 $4,213 $238 $383 $707 $697 $609 $936 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in Alpena Countyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though more Alpena Countyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many Alpena Countyfamilieswithchildren livebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 82% 11% 7%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 1,866 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 16% 22% 62% ALICE

260073

260072 With Mortgage With 841

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 36% 18% 46% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

237

Income 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 0 200 400

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:28%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty13%15%) Unemployment Rate:9.7%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INANTRIMCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 23,267|NumberofHouseholds: $46,845(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 9,689 Household SurvivalBudget,AntrimCounty

9,878 2007 12% 21% 67%

Poverty

9,770 2010 13% 27% 60% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260091 Above AT Above

9,536 2012 13% 23% 64% $16,632 $1,386 $8.32 $152 $126 $184 $349 $184 $391

$– Total HH Total

9,689 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 13% 28% 59% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 $59,508 $29.75 $4,959 $1,440 $397 $451 $707 $697 $609 $658 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in Antrim Countyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though more Antrim Countyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many Antrim Countyfamilieswithchildren live belowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% 120% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 40% 60% 80% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 12% 19% 69%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 1,518 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 31% 60% 9% ALICE

260093

260092 With Mortgage With 391

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 25% 57% 18% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

192

Income 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 0 200 400

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:28%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty18%15%) Unemployment Rate:12%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INARENACCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 15,424|NumberofHouseholds: $38,307(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 0% 6,447 Household SurvivalBudget,ArenacCounty #N/A N/A Poverty

6,686 2010 58% 16% 26% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260111 Above AT Above

6,435 2012 24% 59% 17% $18,144 $1,512 $9.07 $173 $137 $184 $349 $184 $485

$– Total HH Total

6,447 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 28% 54% 18% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 $50,556 $25.28 $4,213 $238 $383 $707 $697 $609 $936 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in Arenac Countyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though more Arenac Countyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many Arenac Countyfamilieswithchildren livebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 67% 21% 12%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle Vehicle 983

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 49% 15% 36% ALICE

260113

260112 With Mortgage With 399

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 28% 22% 50% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

123

Income 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:36%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty16%15%) Unemployment Rate:8.1%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INBARAGACOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 8,690| Number ofHouseholds: $39,803(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 0% 2,974 Household SurvivalBudget,BaragaCounty #N/A N/A Poverty

3,336 2010 13% 28% 59% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260131 Above AT Above

3,161 2012 14% 31% 55% $17,556 $1,463 $8.78 $165 $133 $184 $349 $184 $448

$– Total HH Total

2,974 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 16% 36% 48% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 $55,608 $27.80 $4,634 $1,229 $328 $421 $707 $697 $609 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in BaragaCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreBaragaCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many BaragaCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 73% 19% 8%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 2 Vehicles 3 Vehicles 1 Vehicle Vehicle

407

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 58% 24% 18% ALICE

260133 260132 With Mortgage With

161 No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Total HH Total Single Male- N/A

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest, Income 200 250 300 350 400 450 0 50 100 150

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:26%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty10%15%) Unemployment Rate:7.9%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INBARRY COUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 59,147|NumberofHouseholds: $55,064(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 22,836 Household SurvivalBudget,BarryCounty

22,525 2007 20% 72% 8%

Poverty

22,416 2010 20% 71% 9% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260151 Above AT Above

22,355

2012 21% 70% $17,688 9% $1,474 $8.84

$167 $134 $184 $349 $184 $456

$– Total HH Total

22,836 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 10% 26% 64% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 $57,468 $28.73 $4,789 $1,332 $361 $435 $707 $697 $609 $648 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in BarryCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreBarryCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many BarryCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 81% 12% 7%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 4,801 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 48% 18% 34% ALICE

260153

260152 With Mortgage With 861

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 38% 14% 48% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

543

Income 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:23%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty14%15%) Unemployment Rate:5.9%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INBAY COUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 105,659|NumberofHouseholds: $46,560(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 42,799

43,987 Household SurvivalBudget,BayCounty 2007 11% 65% 24%

Poverty

44,064 2010 66% 15% 19% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260171 Above AT Above

43,967

2012 66% 13% 21% $17,064 $1,422 $8.53 $158 $129 $184 $349 $184 $418

$– Total HH Total

42,799 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 63% 14% 23% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000 $55,116 $27.56 $4,593 $1,141 $319 $418 $707 $697 $609 $702 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 common asset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. the mostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership,next income, thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses.V Bay Countyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan,orrental Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamiliesin What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 single parentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Threshold. more BayCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,thosewitha many BayCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Though Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 85% 10% 5%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 6,982 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 45% 36% 19% ALICE

260173

3,021 260172 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 15% 47% 38% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

988

Income ehicles, 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 0 1,000 2,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:27%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty10%15%) Unemployment Rate:8.4%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INBENZIECOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 17,437|NumberofHouseholds: $47,388(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 0% 7,225 Household SurvivalBudget,BenzieCounty #N/A N/A Poverty

7,366 2010 30% 60% 10% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260191 Above AT Above

7,520 2012 21% 68% 11% $19,188 $1,599 $9.59 $188 $145 $184 $349 $184 $549

$– Total HH Total

7,225 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 27% 63% 10% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 $55,224 $27.61 $4,602 $1,170 $321 $418 $707 $697 $609 $680 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in BenzieCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreBenzieCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many BenzieCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% 120% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 40% 60% 80% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 78% 16% 6%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 1,002 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 29% 31% 40% ALICE

260193

260192 With Mortgage With 369

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 37% 30% 33% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

154

Income 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:22%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty15%15%) Unemployment Rate:8%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INBERRIENCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 154,636|NumberofHouseholds: $46,649(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 64,279 Household SurvivalBudget,BerrienCounty

63,645 2007 15% 24% 61%

Poverty

59,915 2010 15% 29% 56% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260211 Above AT Above

60,223

2012 18% 23% 59% $18,264 $1,522 $9.13 $175 $138 $184 $349 $184 $492

$– Total HH Total

64,279 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 15% 22% 63% 1 PRESCHOOLER

10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 - $52,548 $26.27 $4,379 $273 $398 $707 $697 $609 $965 $730 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in BerrienCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreBerrienCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many BerrienCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 79% 13% 8%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle

9,940 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 22% 55% 23% ALICE

260213

5,613 260212 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed

Single Male- 22% 24% 54% Total HH Total

1,125 Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

Income 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:31%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty15%15%) Unemployment Rate:7%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INBRANCHCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 43,706|NumberofHouseholds: $44,373(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 16,022 Household SurvivalBudget,BranchCounty

16,578 2007 13% 24% 63%

Poverty

16,054 2010 15% 27% 58% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260231 Above AT Above

15,640

2012 15% 27% 58% $18,600 $1,550 $9.30 $180 $141 $184 $349 $184 $512

$– Total HH Total

16,022 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 15% 31% 54% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 $53,052 $26.53 $4,421 $1,069 $282 $402 $707 $697 $609 $655 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in BranchCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreBranchCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many BranchCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 20% 64% 16%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 3,042 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 43% 15% 42% ALICE

260233

1,061 260232 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 46% 31% 23% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

426

Income 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 0 500

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:26%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty15%15%) Unemployment Rate:8.4%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INCALHOUNCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 134,314|NumberofHouseholds: $43,084(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 53,076 Household SurvivalBudget,CalhounCounty

54,146 2007 16% 21% 63%

Poverty

52,600 2010 15% 26% 59% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260251 Above AT Above

53,182

2012 17% 29% 54% $17,064 $1,422 $8.53 $158 $129 $184 $349 $184 $418

$– Total HH Total

53,076 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 15% 26% 59% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 $53,208 $26.60 $4,434 $1,044 $285 $403 $707 $697 $609 $689 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in CalhounCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreCalhounCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many CalhounCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 12% 79% 9%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 8,281 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 39% 52% 9% ALICE

260253

3,717 260252 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 60% 28% 12% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

1,324

Income 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:29%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty13%15%) Unemployment Rate:9.7%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INCASSCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 51,952|NumberofHouseholds: $46,570(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 20,101 Household SurvivalBudget,CassCounty

20,897 2007 12% 18% 70%

Poverty

19,757 2010 65% 14% 21% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260271 Above AT Above

19,742

2012 61% 12% 27% $18,768 $1,564 $9.38 $182 $142 $184 $349 $184 $523

$– Total HH Total

20,101 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 58% 13% 29% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 $56,400 $28.20 $4,700 $1,229 $342 $427 $707 $697 $609 $689 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in CassCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreCassCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many CassCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% 120% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 40% 60% 80% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 14% 78% 8%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 2 Vehicles 3 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 3,268 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 28% 16% 56% ALICE

260273

1,216 260272 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 36% 37% 27% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

489

Income 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 0 500

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:27%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty12%15%) Unemployment Rate:7.8%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INCHARLEVOIXCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 26,134|NumberofHouseholds: $46,554(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 10,794 Household SurvivalBudget,CharlevoixCounty

11,707 2007 17% 74% 9%

Poverty

10,973 2010 12% 21% 67% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260291 Above AT Above

10,191

2012 13% 28% 59% $18,924 $1,577 $9.46 $184 $143 $184 $349 $184 $533

$– Total HH Total

10,794 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 12% 27% 61% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 $55,908 $27.95 $4,659 $1,229 $333 $424 $707 $697 $609 $660 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, plan, orrentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in CharlevoixCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k) Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreCharlevoixCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many CharlevoixCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 14% 77% 9%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 2 Vehicles 3 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 1,672 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 43% 25% 32% ALICE

260293

260292 With Mortgage With 516

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 30% 49% 21% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

247

Income 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 0 200 400 600

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:23%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty18%15%) Unemployment Rate:13.9%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INCHEBOYGANCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 25,690|NumberofHouseholds: $40,219(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 11,223 Household SurvivalBudget,CheboyganCounty

11,744 2007 14% 23% 63%

Poverty

11,560 2010 15% 24% 61% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260311 Above AT Above

11,201

2012 17% 24% 59% $17,556 $1,463 $8.78 $165 $133 $184 $349 $184 $448

$– Total HH Total

11,223 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 18% 23% 59% 1 PRESCHOOLER

2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 - $50,952 $25.48 $4,246 $245 $386 $707 $697 $609 $959 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, plan, orrentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in CheboyganCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k) Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreCheboyganCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many CheboyganCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 72% 20% 8%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 1,602 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 27% 15% 58% ALICE

260313

260312 With Mortgage With 633

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 31% 39% 30% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

243

Income 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 0 200 400 600

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:31%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty17%15%) Unemployment Rate:11.7% (stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INCHIPPEWA COUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 38,586|NumberofHouseholds: $41,993(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 13,997 Household SurvivalBudget,ChippewaCounty

14,663 2007 18% 23% 59%

Poverty

14,783 2010 18% 22% 60% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260331 Above AT Above

14,597

2012 19% 28% 53% $17,832 $1,486 $8.92 $169 $135 $184 $349 $184 $465

$– Total HH Total

13,997 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 17% 31% 52% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 $50,592 $25.30 $4,216 $239 $383 $707 $697 $609 $914 $667 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, plan, orrentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in ChippewaCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k) Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreChippewaCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many ChippewaCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 20% 10% 70%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 2,173 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 31% 55% 14% ALICE

260333

260332 With Mortgage With 891

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 41% 30% 29% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

420

Income 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 0

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:29%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty24%15%) Unemployment Rate:13.2%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INCLARECOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 30,710|NumberofHouseholds: $33,015(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 13,255 Household SurvivalBudget,ClareCounty

12,766 2007 18% 23% 59%

Poverty

13,208 2010 19% 25% 56% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260351 Above AT Above

13,436

2012 26% 24% 50% $17,556 $1,463 $8.78 $165 $133 $184 $349 $184 $448

$– Total HH Total

13,255 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 24% 29% 47% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 $55,608 $27.80 $4,634 $1,229 $328 $421 $707 $697 $609 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in ClareCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreClareCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many ClareCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 13% 25% 62%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 1,642 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 18% 73% 9% ALICE

260353

260352 With Mortgage With 966

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 48% 20% 32% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

343

Income 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 0 200 400 600

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:18%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty12%15%) Unemployment Rate:5%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INCLINTONCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 77,390|NumberofHouseholds: $63,764(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 29,072 Household SurvivalBudget,ClintonCounty

28,572 2007 74% 18% 8%

Poverty

27,753 2010 12% 72% 16% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260371 Above AT Above

29,443

2012 10% 22% 68% $18,240 $1,520 $9.12 $175 $138 $184 $349 $184 $490

$– Total HH Total

29,072 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 18% 12% 70% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 $55,080 $27.54 $4,590 $1,066 $318 $417 $707 $697 $609 $776 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in ClintonCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreClintonCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many ClintonCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% 120% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 40% 60% 80% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 86% 10% 4%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 6,260 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 34% 36% 30% ALICE

260373

1,456 260372 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 49% 32% 19% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

588

Income 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 0 1,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:25%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty13%15%) Unemployment Rate:12%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INCRAWFORD COUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 13,895|NumberofHouseholds: $41,743(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 0% 5,954 Household SurvivalBudget,CrawfordCounty #N/A N/A Poverty

5,761 2010 15% 24% 61% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260391 Above AT Above

5,921 2012 16% 22% 62% $17,616 $1,468 $8.81 $166 $133 $184 $349 $184 $452

$– Total HH Total

5,954 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 13% 25% 62% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 $50,400 $25.20 $4,200 $235 $382 $707 $697 $609 $922 $648 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in CrawfordCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreCrawfordCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many CrawfordCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 84% 8% 8%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle Vehicle

728

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 21% 57% 22% ALICE

260393 260392 With Mortgage With

220 No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Total HH Total Single Male- 36% 14% 50%

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

148

Income 300 400 500 600 700 800 0 100 200

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:27%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty17%15%) Unemployment Rate:9.2%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INDELTA COUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 36,712|NumberofHouseholds: $42,031(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 15,685 Household SurvivalBudget,DeltaCounty

16,571 2007 13% 23% 64%

Poverty

16,145 2010 14% 22% 64% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260411 Above AT Above

15,973

2012 17% 24% 59% $18,108 $1,509 $9.05 $173 $137 $184 $349 $184 $482

$– Total HH Total

15,685 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 17% 27% 56% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 $52,944 $26.47 $4,412 $1,075 $280 $401 $707 $697 $609 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in DeltaCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreDeltaCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many DeltaCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 80% 12% 8%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 2,367 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 30% 11% 59% ALICE

260413

260412 With Mortgage With 772

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 23% 58% 19% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

409

Income 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 0

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:25%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty14%15%) Unemployment Rate:7%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INDICKINSONCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 26,012|NumberofHouseholds: $43,779(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 11,059 Household SurvivalBudget,DickinsonCounty

11,415 2007 11% 26% 63%

Poverty

11,422 2010 14% 23% 63% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260431 Above AT Above

11,405

2012 12% 25% 63% $17,556 $1,463 $8.78 $165 $133 $184 $349 $184 $448

$– Total HH Total

11,059 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 14% 25% 61% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 $55,608 $27.80 $4,634 $1,229 $328 $421 $707 $697 $609 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in DickinsonCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreDickinsonCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many DickinsonCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 11% 81% 8%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 2 Vehicles 3 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 1,613 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 37% 36% 27% ALICE

260433

260432 With Mortgage With 690

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 41% 55% Total HH Total 4%

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

210

Income 0 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 200 400 600

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:19%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty10%15%) Unemployment Rate:3.8%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INEATON COUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 108,801|NumberofHouseholds: $56,005(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 43,551 Household SurvivalBudget,EatonCounty

42,374 2007 21% 70% 9%

Poverty

42,810 2010 11% 21% 68% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260451 Above AT Above

42,811

2012 22% 69% $18,240 9% $1,520 $9.12

$175 $138 $184 $349 $184 $490

$– Total HH Total

43,551 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 10% 19% 71% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000 $54,744 $27.37 $4,562 $1,046 $312 $415 $707 $697 $609 $776 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in EatonCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreEatonCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many EatonCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 87% 7% 6%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 2 Vehicles 3 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 7,887 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 32% 35% 33% ALICE

260453

2,716 260452 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 42% 53% Total HH Total 5%

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

802

Income 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 0 1,000 2,000 3,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:26%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty11% (stateaverage:15%) Unemployment Rate:8.4%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INEMMETCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 33,018|NumberofHouseholds: $51,018(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 13,948 Household SurvivalBudget,EmmetCounty

13,790 2007 21% 72% 7%

Poverty

13,731 2010 13% 21% 66% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260471 Above AT Above

13,140

2012 11% 23% 66% $19,260 $1,605 $9.63 $189 $146 $184 $349 $184 $553

$– Total HH Total

13,948 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 11% 26% 63% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 $53,760 $26.88 $4,480 $1,001 $295 $407 $707 $697 $609 $764 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in EmmetCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreEmmetCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many EmmetCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 85% 10% 5%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 2,286 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 32% 31% 37% ALICE

260473

260472 With Mortgage With 684

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 33% 32% 35% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

265

Income 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 0

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:21%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty19%15%) Unemployment Rate:10%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INGENESEECOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 410,849|NumberofHouseholds: $44,025(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 163,488 Household SurvivalBudget,GeneseeCounty

170,767 2007 15% 22% 63%

Poverty

166,539 2010 19% 26% 55% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260491 Above AT Above

166,225

2012 19% 24% 57% $17,160 $1,430 $8.58 $159 $130 $184 $349 $184 $424

$– Total HH Total

163,488 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 19% 21% 60% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 160,000 180,000 $51,288 $25.64 $4,274 $251 $389 $707 $697 $609 $909 $712 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in GeneseeCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreGeneseeCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many GeneseeCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 82% 13% 5%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles

1 Vehicle 24,726 Vehicle Poverty

Female- Headed Single 20% 23% 57% ALICE

260493

15,002 260492 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed

Single Male- 43% 25% 32% Total HH Total

4,058 Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

Income 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:29%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty18%15%) Unemployment Rate:11% (stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INGLADWINCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 25,501|NumberofHouseholds: $38,021(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 10,960 Household SurvivalBudget,GladwinCounty

11,537 2007 19% 19% 62%

Poverty

11,338 2010 18% 19% 63% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260511 Above AT Above

10,721

2012 18% 23% 59% $17,556 $1,463 $8.78 $165 $133 $184 $349 $184 $448

$– Total HH Total

10,960 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 18% 29% 53% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 $51,480 $25.74 $4,290 $254 $390 $707 $697 $609 $990 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in GladwinCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreGladwinCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many GladwinCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 70% 20% 10%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle

Vehicle 1,524

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 69% 17% 14% ALICE

260513

260512 With Mortgage With 561

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 18% 25% 57% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

281

Income 0 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 200 400 600

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:29%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty19%15%) Unemployment Rate:9.5%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INGOGEBICCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 15,824|NumberofHouseholds: $35,686(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 0% 6,741 Household SurvivalBudget,GogebicCounty #N/A N/A Poverty

7,302 2010 16% 27% 57% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260531 Above AT Above

7,234 2012 19% 27% 54% $17,460 $1,455 $8.73 $164 $132 $184 $349 $184 $442

$– Total HH Total

6,741 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 19% 29% 52% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 $51,684 $25.84 $4,307 $1,001 $258 $392 $707 $697 $609 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in GogebicCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreGogebicCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many GogebicCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 71% 10% 19%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle Vehicle

710

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 12% 24% 64% ALICE

260533 260532 With Mortgage With

355 No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Total HH Total Single Male- 30% 54% 16%

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

106

Income 300 400 500 600 700 800 0 100 200

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:25%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty10%15%) Unemployment Rate:4.4%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INGRANDTRAVERSE COUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 91,636|NumberofHouseholds: $55,013(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% Household SurvivalBudget,GrandTraverse County 36,952

34,900 2007 29% 62% 9%

Poverty

35,273 2010 12% 27% 61% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260551 Above AT Above

35,018

2012 12% 27% 61% $19,872 $1,656 $9.94 $198 $150 $184 $349 $184 $591

$– Total HH Total

36,952 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 25% 65% 10% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 $58,740 $29.37 $4,895 $1,229 $383 $445 $707 $697 $609 $825 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, plan, orrentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in Grand Traverse Countyownliquidassets,suchasasavings account,401(k) Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 income belowthe ALICE Threshold. married parents,thosefamilieswithasingleparentaremorelikelytohave Threshold. Though moreGrand Traverse County familiesareheadedby that manyGrand Traverse Countyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprising How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% 120% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 40% 60% 80% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 14% 82% 4%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 5,933 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 47% 34% 19% ALICE

260553

1,833 260552 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 47% 40% 13% Total HH Total Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

768

Income 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 0 1,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:30%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty18%15%) Unemployment Rate:8.5%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INGRATIOT COUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 41,878|NumberofHouseholds: $41,912(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 14,716 Household SurvivalBudget,GratiotCounty

14,317 2007 15% 28% 57%

Poverty

14,720 2010 15% 33% 52% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260571 Above AT Above

14,754

2012 18% 32% 50% $17,556 $1,463 $8.78 $165 $133 $184 $349 $184 $448

$– Total HH Total

14,716 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 18% 30% 52% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 $50,208 $25.10 $4,184 $232 $380 $707 $697 $609 $916 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in GratiotCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreGratiotCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many GratiotCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 10% 16% 74%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 2 Vehicles 3 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 2,487 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 29% 59% 12% ALICE

260573

1,082 260572 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 42% 30% 28% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

499

Income 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:24%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty17%15%) Unemployment Rate:9%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INHILLSDALECOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 46,178|NumberofHouseholds: $41,961(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 17,810 Household SurvivalBudget,HillsdaleCounty

18,206 2007 14% 16% 70%

Poverty

17,074 2010 16% 21% 63% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260591 Above AT Above

17,784

2012 17% 21% 62% $16,656 $1,388 $8.33 $152 $126 $184 $349 $184 $393

$– Total HH Total

17,810 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 17% 24% 59% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 $46,488 $23.24 $3,874 $171 $352 $707 $697 $609 $695 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in HillsdaleCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreHillsdaleCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many HillsdaleCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 12% 72% 16%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 3,072 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 27% 15% 58% ALICE

260593

260592 With Mortgage With 862

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 34% 30% 36% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

458

Income 0 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 500

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:31%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty20%15%) Unemployment Rate:7.2%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INHOUGHTONCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 36,660|NumberofHouseholds: $37,776(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 13,765 Household SurvivalBudget,HoughtonCounty

14,086 2007 23% 25% 52%

Poverty

13,737 2010 22% 29% 49% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260611 Above AT Above

13,987

2012 21% 28% 51% $17,832 $1,486 $8.92 $169 $135 $184 $349 $184 $465

$– Total HH Total

13,765 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 20% 31% 49% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 $55,644 $27.82 $4,637 $1,231 $328 $422 $707 $697 $609 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in HoughtonCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreHoughtonCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many HoughtonCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 14% 10% 76%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 2 Vehicles 3 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 2,248 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 13% 41% 46% ALICE

260613

260612 With Mortgage With 637

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 25% 43% 32% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

251

Income 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:28%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty14%15%) Unemployment Rate:7.8%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INHURONCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 32,290|NumberofHouseholds: $42,161(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 13,805 Household SurvivalBudget,HuronCounty

15,062 2007 13% 23% 64%

Poverty

14,273 2010 14% 26% 60% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260631 Above AT Above

13,957

2012 14% 23% 63% $17,556 $1,463 $8.78 $165 $133 $184 $349 $184 $448

$– Total HH Total

13,805 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 14% 28% 58% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 $51,420 $25.71 $4,285 $253 $390 $707 $697 $609 $986 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in HuronCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreHuronCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many HuronCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 79% 13% 8%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 2 Vehicles 3 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 2,079 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 53% 15% 32% ALICE

260633

260632 With Mortgage With 734

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 24% 36% 40% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

341

Income 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 0

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:23%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty20%15%) Unemployment Rate:7.5%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE ININGHAMCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 286,085|NumberofHouseholds: $47,082(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 111,265 Household SurvivalBudget,InghamCounty

107,111 2007 18% 20% 62%

Poverty

108,234 2010 19% 23% 58% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260651 Above AT Above

109,008

2012 23% 19% 58% $18,240 $1,520 $9.12 $175 $138 $184 $349 $184 $490

$– Total HH Total

111,265 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 20% 23% 57% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 $56,256 $28.13 $4,688 $1,134 $339 $426 $707 $697 $609 $776 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in InghamCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreInghamCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many InghamCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 83% 9% 8%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles

1 Vehicle 14,892 Vehicle Poverty

Female- Headed Single 34% 44% 22% ALICE

260653

7,409 260652 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed

Single Male- 26% 39% 35% Total HH Total

2,541 Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

Income 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 0 2,000 4,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:31%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty14%15%) Unemployment Rate:10.4%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INIONIACOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 64,064|NumberofHouseholds: $49,124(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 22,092 Household SurvivalBudget,IoniaCounty

21,847 2007 12% 26% 62%

Poverty

22,728 2010 15% 24% 61% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260671 Above AT Above

22,464

2012 15% 23% 62% $18,600 $1,550 $9.30 $180 $141 $184 $349 $184 $512

$– Total HH Total

22,092 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 14% 31% 55% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 $53,868 $26.93 $4,489 $1,091 $297 $408 $707 $697 $609 $680 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 common asset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. the mostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership,next income, thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses.V assets, suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan,orrental Ionia Countyownliquid Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamiliesin What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreIoniaCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those that manyIoniaCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprising How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 20% 67% 13%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle

Vehicle 4,941

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 49% 17% 34% ALICE

260673

1,206 260672 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 35% 25% 40% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

701

Income ehicles, 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:31%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty16%15%) Unemployment Rate:12.1%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INIOSCOCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 25,401|NumberofHouseholds: $37,317(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 11,343 Household SurvivalBudget,IoscoCounty

12,216 2007 14% 29% 57%

Poverty

10,508 2010 16% 34% 50% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260691 Above AT Above

11,256

2012 16% 30% 54% $18,708 $1,559 $9.35 $181 $142 $184 $349 $184 $519

$– Total HH Total

11,343 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 16% 31% 53% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 $55,608 $27.80 $4,634 $1,229 $328 $421 $707 $697 $609 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in IoscoCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreIoscoCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many IoscoCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 71% 14% 15%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 2 Vehicles 3 Vehicles 1 Vehicle

Vehicle 1,235

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 16% 20% 64% ALICE

260693

260692 With Mortgage With 491

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 28% 21% 51% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

189

Income 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 0 200

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:33%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty16%15%) Unemployment Rate:9%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INIRONCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 11,507 |NumberofHouseholds: $33,663(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 0% 5,392 Household SurvivalBudget,IronCounty #N/A N/A Poverty

5,386 2010 13% 31% 56% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260711 Above AT Above

5,276 2012 58% 13% 29% $17,844 $1,487 $8.92 $169 $135 $184 $349 $184 $466

$– Total HH Total

5,392 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 51% 16% 33% 1 PRESCHOOLER

1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 - $55,608 $27.80 $4,634 $1,229 $328 $421 $707 $697 $609 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 common asset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. the mostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership,next income, thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses.V Iron Countyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan,orrental Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamiliesin What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 single parentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Threshold. more IronCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,thosewitha many IronCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Though Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 81% 13% 6%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle Vehicle

553

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 16% 16% 68% ALICE

260713 260712 With Mortgage With

240 No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Total HH Total Single Male- 68% 18% 14%

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

Income ehicles, 0 100 200 300 400 500 600

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:25%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty15%) Unemployment Rate:8.1%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INISABELLACOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 70,698|NumberofHouseholds: $40,838(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 24,246 Household SurvivalBudget,IsabellaCounty

24,671 2007 27% 16% 57%

Poverty

25,139 2010 26% 29% 45% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260731 Above AT Above

24,663

2012 48% 26% 26% $17,160 $1,430 $8.58 $159 $130 $184 $349 $184 $424

$– Total HH Total

24,246 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 50% 25% 25% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 $49,692 $24.85 $4,141 $223 $376 $707 $697 $609 $850 $679 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in IsabellaCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreIsabellaCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many IsabellaCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 75% 12% 13%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 2 Vehicles 3 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 3,778 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 21% 35% 44% ALICE

260733

1,740 260732 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 54% 32% 14% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

562

Income 0 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 500 1,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:21%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty15%15%) Unemployment Rate:6.9%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INJACKSONCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 159,494|NumberofHouseholds: $50,783(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 59,292 Household SurvivalBudget,JacksonCounty

60,965 2007 14% 23% 63%

Poverty

58,388 2010 18% 23% 59% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260751 Above AT Above

60,420

2012 18% 23% 59% $18,120 $1,510 $9.06 $173 $137 $184 $349 $184 $483

$– Total HH Total

59,292 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 15% 21% 64% 1 PRESCHOOLER

10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 - $50,160 $25.08 $4,180 $231 $380 $707 $697 $609 $828 $728 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in JacksonCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreJacksonCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many JacksonCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 12% 11% 77%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 2 Vehicles 3 Vehicles

1 Vehicle 10,511 Vehicle Poverty

Female- Headed Single 63% 17% 20% ALICE

260753

3,625 260752 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed

Single Male- 31% 15% 54% Total HH Total

1,959 Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

Income 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:21%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty15%15%) Unemployment Rate:7.3%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INKALAMAZOOCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 260,263|NumberofHouseholds: $52,164(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% Household SurvivalBudget,KalamazooCounty 101,228

98,668 2007 16% 21% 63%

Poverty

99,256 2010 18% 24% 58% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260771 Above AT Above

100,789

2012 17% 26% 57% $17,940 $1,495 $8.97 $170 $136 $184 $349 $184 $472

$– Total HH Total

101,228 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 15% 21% 64% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 $57,516 $28.76 $4,793 $1,255 $361 $436 $707 $697 $609 $728 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, plan, orrentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in KalamazooCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k) Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreKalamazooCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many KalamazooCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 88% 7% 5%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles

1 Vehicle 15,115 Vehicle Poverty

Female- Headed Single 27% 36% 37% ALICE

260773

7,164 260772 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed

Single Male- 38% 28% 34% Total HH Total

2,298 Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

Income 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 2,000 4,000 0

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:27%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty16%15%) Unemployment Rate:10.4%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INKALKASKACOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 17,230|NumberofHouseholds: $40,534(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 7,185 Household SurvivalBudget,KalkaskaCounty #N/A N/A Poverty

7,232 2010 15% 24% 61% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260791 Above AT Above

7,276 2012 58% 15% 27% $18,048 $1,504 $9.02 $172 $137 $184 $349 $184 $478

$– Total HH Total

7,185 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 57% 16% 27% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 $53,508 $26.75 $4,459 $1,066 $290 $405 $707 $697 $609 $685 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in KalkaskaCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreKalkaskaCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many KalkaskaCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 14% 13% 73%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle

Vehicle 1,006

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 46% 28% 26% ALICE

260793

260792 With Mortgage With 238

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 29% 22% 49% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

305

Income 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:25%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty13%15%) Unemployment Rate:5.3%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INKENTCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 636,369|NumberofHouseholds: $54,340(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 237,259

225,921 Household SurvivalBudget,KentCounty 2007 12% 25% 63%

Poverty

227,443 2010 14% 26% 60% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260811 Above AT Above

231,171

2012 15% 22% 63% $18,708 $1,559 $9.35 $181 $142 $184 $349 $184 $519

$– Total HH Total

237,259 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 13% 25% 62% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 $56,460 $28.23 $4,705 $1,184 $343 $428 $707 $697 $609 $737 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 common asset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. the mostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership,next income, thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses.V Kent Countyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan,orrental Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamiliesin What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreKentCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those that manyKentCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprising How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 81% 13% 6%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 2 Vehicles 3 Vehicles

1 Vehicle 46,109 Vehicle Poverty

Female- Headed Single 20% 35% 45% ALICE

260813

17,759 260812 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed

Single Male- 45% 35% 20% Total HH Total

5,779 Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

Income ehicles, 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000 0 5,000 10,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:32%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty15%15%) Unemployment Rate:7%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INKEWEENAW COUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 2,198| Number ofHouseholds: $37,813(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 0% 1,040 Household SurvivalBudget,KeweenawCounty #N/A N/A Poverty

2010

65% 16% 19% 957 SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260831 Above AT Above

1,012 2012 69% 15% 16% $19,896 $1,658 $9.95 $198 $151 $184 $349 $184 $592

$– Total HH Total

1,040 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 53% 15% 32% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 $59,160 $29.58 $4,930 $1,229 $391 $448 $707 $697 $609 $849 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, plan, orrentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in KeweenawCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k) Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreKeweenawCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many KeweenawCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% 120% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 40% 60% 80% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 83% 9% 8%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 41% 36% 23% ALICE

260833 260832 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage 66 Above AT Above Home

Headed Total HH Total Single Male- N/A

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest, Income 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 10 20

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:34%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty25%15%) Unemployment Rate:13.2%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INLAKECOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 11,426 |NumberofHouseholds: $30,439(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 0% 4,365 Household SurvivalBudget,LakeCounty #N/A N/A Poverty

4,078 2010 19% 39% 42% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260851 Above AT Above

4,139 2012 22% 36% 42% $17,556 $1,463 $8.78 $165 $133 $184 $349 $184 $448

$– Total HH Total

4,365 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 25% 34% 41% 1 PRESCHOOLER

2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 - 500 1,000 1,500 $55,608 $27.80 $4,634 $1,229 $328 $421 $707 $697 $609 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 common asset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. the mostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership,next income, thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses.V assets, suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan,orrental Lake Countyownliquid Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamiliesin What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreLakeCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those that manyLakeCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprising How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 59% 22% 19%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle Vehicle

402

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 84% 13% 3% ALICE

260853 260852 With Mortgage With

255 No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Total HH Total Single Male- 65% 29% 6%

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

Income ehicles, 200 250 300 350 400 450 0 50 100 150

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:26%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty11% (stateaverage:15%) Unemployment Rate:6%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INLAPEERCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 88,373|NumberofHouseholds: $57,762(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 32,708 Household SurvivalBudget,LapeerCounty

32,505 2007 10% 22% 68%

Poverty

32,145 2010 25% 14% 61% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260871 Above AT Above

32,790

2012 27% 64% $20,592 9% $10.30 $1,716

$209 $156 $166 $491 $184 $510

$– Total HH Total

32,708 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 11% 26% 63% 1 PRESCHOOLER

5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 - $62,196 $31.10 $5,183 $1,195 $444 $471 $637 $981 $609 $846 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in LapeerCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreLapeerCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many LapeerCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 23% 73% 4%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 2 Vehicles 3 Vehicles 1 Vehicle

Vehicle 6,821

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 46% 38% 16% ALICE

260873

1,609 260872 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 23% 33% 44% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

910

Income 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 1,000 2,000 0

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:20%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty8%15%) Unemployment Rate:7.1%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INLEELANAUCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 21,772|NumberofHouseholds: $56,189(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 9,234 Household SurvivalBudget,LeelanauCounty

9,559 2007 20% 72% 8%

Poverty

9,294 2010 10% 21% 69% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260891 Above AT Above

9,267 2012 20% 10% 70% $18,852 $1,571 $9.43 $183 $143 $184 $349 $184 $528

$– Total HH Total

9,234 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 20% 72% 8% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 $57,708 $28.85 $4,809 $1,229 $365 $437 $707 $697 $609 $765 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in LeelanauCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreLeelanauCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many LeelanauCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% 120% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 40% 60% 80% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 11% 82% 7%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 1,448 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 52% 17% 31% ALICE

260893

260892 With Mortgage With 358

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 15% 33% 52% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

Income 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 0 200 400

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:31%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty12%15%) Unemployment Rate:5.9%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INLENAWEE COUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 98,573|NumberofHouseholds: $48,279(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 37,016 Household SurvivalBudget,LenaweeCounty

38,000 2007 10% 18% 72%

Poverty

36,341 2010 25% 13% 62% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260911 Above AT Above

37,998

2012 25% 12% 63% $20,304 $10.15 $1,692 $204 $154 $184 $349 $184 $617

$– Total HH Total

37,016 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 31% 12% 57% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 $55,524 $27.76 $4,627 $1,103 $326 $421 $707 $697 $609 $764 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in LenaweeCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreLenaweeCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many LenaweeCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% 120% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 40% 60% 80% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 78% 16% 6%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 6,403 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 44% 40% 16% ALICE

260913

2,607 260912 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 39% 24% 37% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

816

Income 0 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 1,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:21%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty6%15%) Unemployment Rate:4.5%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INLIVINGSTONCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 187,316|NumberofHouseholds: $76,455(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% Household SurvivalBudget,LivingstonCounty 71,100

67,027 2007 23% 72% 5%

Poverty

68,756 2010 24% 69% 7% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260931 Above AT Above

66,808

2012 21% 72% $20,760 7% $10.38 $1,730

$212 $157 $166 $491 $184 $520

$– Total HH Total

71,100 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 21% 73% 6% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 $62,688 $31.34 $5,224 $1,206 $453 $475 $637 $981 $609 $863 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, plan, orrentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in LivingstonCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k) Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreLivingstonCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many LivingstonCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% 120% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 40% 60% 80% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 92% 6% 2%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles

1 Vehicle 16,545 Vehicle Poverty

Female- Headed Single 24% 31% 45% ALICE

260933

2,954 260932 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed

Single Male- 45% 43% 12% Total HH Total

2,422 Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

Income 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 2,000 4,000 6,000 0

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:36%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty19%15%) Unemployment Rate:11.6% (stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INLUCECOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 6,477| Number ofHouseholds: $37,088(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 0% 2,377 Household SurvivalBudget,LuceCounty #N/A N/A Poverty

2,473 2010 15% 26% 59% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260951 Above AT Above

2,404 2012 14% 27% 59% $17,556 $1,463 $8.78 $165 $133 $184 $349 $184 $448

$– Total HH Total

2,377 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 19% 36% 45% 1 PRESCHOOLER

500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 - $57,912 $28.96 $4,826 $1,363 $368 $439 $707 $697 $609 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 common asset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. the mostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership,next income, thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses.V assets, suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan,orrental Luce Countyownliquid Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamiliesin What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreLuceCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those that manyLuceCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprising How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 50% 20% 30%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle Vehicle

389

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 21% 18% 61% ALICE

260953 260952 With Mortgage With

154 No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Total HH Total Single Male- 62% 17% 21%

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

Income ehicles, 200 250 300 350 400 450 0 50 100 150

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:19%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty14%15%) Unemployment Rate:12.5%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INMACKINACCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 11,044 |NumberofHouseholds: $38,434(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 0% 5,209 Household SurvivalBudget,MackinacCounty #N/A N/A Poverty

4,927 2010 13% 21% 66% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260971 Above AT Above

4,940 2012 14% 19% 67% $17,556 $1,463 $8.78 $165 $133 $184 $349 $184 $448

$– Total HH Total

5,209 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 14% 19% 67% 1 PRESCHOOLER

1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 - $48,060 $24.03 $4,005 $195 $364 $707 $697 $609 $790 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in MackinacCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreMackinacCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many MackinacCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 89% 3% 8%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle Vehicle

643

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 15% 16% 69% ALICE

260973 260972 With Mortgage With

247 No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Total HH Total Single Male- 42% 31% 27%

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

137

Income 200 300 400 500 600 700 0 100

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:27%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty11% (stateaverage:15%) Unemployment Rate:6.6%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INMACOMBCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 864,840|NumberofHouseholds: $54,640(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 341,532 Household SurvivalBudget,MacombCounty

327,470 2007 28% 64% 8%

Poverty

332,628 2010 12% 29% 59% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

260991 Above AT Above

330,541

2012 12% 27% 61% $20,592 $10.30 $1,716 $209 $156 $166 $491 $184 $510

$– Total HH Total

341,532 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 11% 27% 62% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000 $64,320 $32.16 $5,360 $1,318 $482 $487 $637 $981 $609 $846 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in MacombCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreMacombCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many MacombCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 80% 13% 7%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles

1 Vehicle 64,780 Vehicle Poverty

Female- Headed Single 24% 33% 43% ALICE

260993

19,819 260992 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed

Single Male- 35% 39% 26% Total HH Total

6,729 Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

Income 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 0 10,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:25%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty14%15%) Unemployment Rate:11.5% (stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INMANISTEECOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 24,536|NumberofHouseholds: $41,395(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 10,142 Household SurvivalBudget,ManisteeCounty

10,373 2007 13% 23% 64%

Poverty

10,768 2010 14% 26% 60% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261011 Above AT Above

10,729

2012 15% 25% 60% $17,556 $1,463 $8.78 $165 $133 $184 $349 $184 $448

$– Total HH Total

10,142 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 14% 25% 61% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 $52,452 $26.23 $4,371 $1,046 $272 $397 $707 $697 $609 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in ManisteeCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreManisteeCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many ManisteeCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 82% 10% 8%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 1,305 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 57% 27% 16% ALICE

261013

261012 With Mortgage With 396

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 55% 17% 28% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

248

Income 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 0 200

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:26%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty15%15%) Unemployment Rate:6.8%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INMARQUETTECOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 67,215|NumberofHouseholds: $48,259(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 25,498 Household SurvivalBudget,MarquetteCounty

24,940 2007 17% 65% 18%

Poverty

27,094 2010 63% 16% 21% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261031 Above AT Above

27,203

2012 63% 20% 17% $18,000 $1,500 $9.00 $171 $136 $184 $349 $184 $476

$– Total HH Total

25,498 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 59% 15% 26% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 $55,872 $27.94 $4,656 $1,197 $332 $423 $707 $697 $609 $691 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, plan, orrentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in MarquetteCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k) Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreMarquetteCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many MarquetteCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 82% 12% 6%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 4,086 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 56% 21% 23% ALICE

261033

1,202 261032 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 50% 38% 12% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

521

Income 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 0 500 1,000 1,500

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:25%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty15%15%) Unemployment Rate:10.7%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INMASONCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 28,711 | Number ofHouseholds: $42,024(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 12,248 Household SurvivalBudget,MasonCounty

12,328 2007 15% 19% 66%

Poverty

12,156 2010 65% 15% 20% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261051 Above AT Above

12,242

2012 60% 14% 26% $17,724 $1,477 $8.86 $167 $134 $184 $349 $184 $459

$– Total HH Total

12,248 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 60% 15% 25% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 $50,196 $25.10 $4,183 $232 $380 $707 $697 $609 $900 $658 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in MasonCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreMasonCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many MasonCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 78% 12% 10%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle

Vehicle 1,604

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 15% 63% 22% ALICE

261053

261052 With Mortgage With 899

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 35% 35% 30% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

226

Income 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 200 400 600 0

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:28%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty19%15%) Unemployment Rate:12.2%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INMECOSTA COUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 43,301|NumberofHouseholds: $41,889(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 15,478 Household SurvivalBudget,MecostaCounty

16,360 2007 21% 23% 56%

Poverty

15,949 2010 20% 25% 55% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261071 Above AT Above

15,376

2012 19% 26% 55% $17,868 $1,489 $8.93 $169 $135 $184 $349 $184 $468

$– Total HH Total

15,478 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 19% 28% 53% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 $52,920 $26.46 $4,410 $1,073 $280 $401 $707 $697 $609 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in MecostaCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreMecostaCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many MecostaCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 17% 14% 69%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 2,488 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 61% 24% 15% ALICE

261073

261072 With Mortgage With 788

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 44% 20% 36% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

343

Income 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:23%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty16%15%) Unemployment Rate:8.5%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INMENOMINEECOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 23,717|NumberofHouseholds: $40,373(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 10,679 Household SurvivalBudget,MenomineeCounty

10,692 2007 12% 22% 66%

Poverty

11,037 2010 14% 19% 67% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261091 Above AT Above

10,622

2012 14% 24% 62% $17,556 $1,463 $8.78 $165 $133 $184 $349 $184 $448

$– Total HH Total

10,679 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 16% 23% 61% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 $52,176 $26.09 $4,348 $1,030 $267 $395 $707 $697 $609 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, plan, orrentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in MenomineeCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k) Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreMenomineeCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many MenomineeCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 87% 7% 6%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 1,361 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 70% 23% 7% ALICE

261093

261092 With Mortgage With 637

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 11% 62% 27% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

418

Income 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 0 200 400

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:23%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty11% (stateaverage:15%) Unemployment Rate:7.9%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INMIDLANDCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 83,632|NumberofHouseholds: $59,292(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 32,977 Household SurvivalBudget,MidlandCounty

32,571 2007 22% 11% 67%

Poverty

33,843 2010 24% 67% 9% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261111 Above AT Above

33,235

2012 13% 19% 68% $20,268 $10.13 $1,689 $204 $153 $184 $349 $184 $615

$– Total HH Total

32,977 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 11% 23% 66% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 $56,880 $28.44 $4,740 $1,143 $350 $431 $707 $697 $609 $803 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in MidlandCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreMidlandCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many MidlandCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% 120% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 40% 60% 80% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 11% 82% 7%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 6,853 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 27% 23% 50% ALICE

261113

1,729 261112 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 39% 30% 31% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

791

Income 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 0 1,000 2,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:29%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty15%15%) Unemployment Rate:11% (stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INMISSAUKEECOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 14,988|NumberofHouseholds: $41,098(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 0% 5,866 Household SurvivalBudget,MissaukeeCounty #N/A N/A Poverty

5,809 2010 13% 25% 62% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261131 Above AT Above

5,855 2012 13% 28% 59% $17,556 $1,463 $8.78 $165 $133 $184 $349 $184 $448

$– Total HH Total

5,866 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 15% 29% 56% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 $55,608 $27.80 $4,634 $1,229 $328 $421 $707 $697 $609 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, plan, orrentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in MissaukeeCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k) Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreMissaukeeCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many MissaukeeCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 70% 16% 14%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 2 Vehicles 3 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 1,065 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 58% 15% 27% ALICE

261133

261132 With Mortgage With 295

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 34% 46% 20% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

179

Income 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:22%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty11% (stateaverage:15%) Unemployment Rate:5.4%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INMONROECOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 149,568|NumberofHouseholds: $54,396(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 58,886 Household SurvivalBudget,MonroeCounty

57,333 2007 25% 68% 7%

Poverty

58,596 2010 12% 24% 64% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261151 Above AT Above

57,506

2012 12% 27% 61% $17,988 $1,499 $8.99 $171 $136 $184 $349 $184 $475

$– Total HH Total

58,886 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 11% 22% 67% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 $60,588 $30.29 $5,049 $1,363 $416 $459 $707 $697 $609 $798 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in MonroeCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreMonroeCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many MonroeCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 82% 12% 6%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 2 Vehicles 3 Vehicles

1 Vehicle 11,615 Vehicle Poverty

Female- Headed Single 21% 33% 46% ALICE

261153

3,174 261152 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed

Single Male- 49% 43% 8% Total HH Total

1,713 Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

Income 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 2,000 0

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:32%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty16%15%) Unemployment Rate:11.2% (stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INMONTCALMCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 63,004|NumberofHouseholds: $41,584(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 23,284 Household SurvivalBudget,MontcalmCounty

22,779 2007 15% 26% 59%

Poverty

23,326 2010 18% 28% 54% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261171 Above AT Above

23,285

2012 16% 28% 56% $18,072 $1,506 $9.04 $172 $137 $184 $349 $184 $480

$– Total HH Total

23,284 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 16% 32% 52% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 $52,536 $26.27 $4,378 $1,051 $273 $398 $707 $697 $609 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in MontcalmCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreMontcalmCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many MontcalmCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 19% 68% 13%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle

Vehicle 4,056

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 24% 18% 58% ALICE

261173

1,586 261172 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 34% 24% 42% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

832

Income 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 0 500 1,000 1,500

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:33%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty15%15%) Unemployment Rate:16%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INMONTMORENCYCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 9,401| Number ofHouseholds: $36,250(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 0% Household SurvivalBudget,MontmorencyCounty 4,070 #N/A N/A Poverty

4,335 2010 58% 16% 26% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261191 Above AT Above

4,312 2012 57% 18% 25% $17,580 $1,465 $8.79 $165 $133 $184 $349 $184 $450

$– Total HH Total

4,070 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 52% 15% 33% 1 PRESCHOOLER

2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 - 500 1,000 1,500 $56,136 $28.07 $4,678 $1,229 $337 $425 $707 $697 $609 $674 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, plan, orrentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in MontmorencyCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k) Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. the ALICE below parents, thosefamilieswithasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincome Threshold. Though moreMontmorencyCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarried that manyMontmorencyCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprising How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 19% 69% 12%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle Vehicle

339

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 44% 41% 15% ALICE

261193 261192 With Mortgage With

144 No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Total HH Total Single Male- 18% 47% 35%

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

100

Income 150 200 250 300 350 400 0 50 100

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:25%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty15%15%) Unemployment Rate:7.5%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INMUSKEGONCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 172,790|NumberofHouseholds: $47,453(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% Household SurvivalBudget,MuskegonCounty 63,215

64,455 2007 16% 25% 59%

Poverty

65,892 2010 19% 25% 56% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261211 Above AT Above

63,860

2012 20% 23% 57% $17,076 $1,423 $8.54 $158 $129 $184 $349 $184 $419

$– Total HH Total

63,215 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 15% 25% 60% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 $53,604 $26.80 $4,467 $1,051 $292 $406 $707 $697 $609 $705 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, plan, orrentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in MuskegonCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k) Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreMuskegonCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many MuskegonCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 15% 79% 6%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 2 Vehicles 3 Vehicles

1 Vehicle 10,780 Vehicle Poverty

Female- Headed Single 18% 17% 65% ALICE

261213

5,125 261212 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed

Single Male- 44% 38% 18% Total HH Total

1,820 Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

Income 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 0

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:24%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty17%15%) Unemployment Rate:10.1%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INNEWAYGO COUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 48,029|NumberofHouseholds: $43,693(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 18,339 Household SurvivalBudget,NewaygoCounty

18,950 2007 15% 22% 63%

Poverty

18,692 2010 16% 23% 61% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261231 Above AT Above

18,074

2012 16% 27% 57% $18,432 $1,536 $9.22 $177 $140 $184 $349 $184 $502

$– Total HH Total

18,339 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 17% 24% 59% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 $49,944 $24.97 $4,162 $227 $378 $707 $697 $609 $900 $644 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in NewaygoCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreNewaygoCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many NewaygoCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 14% 77% 9%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 2 Vehicles 3 Vehicles 1 Vehicle

Vehicle 3,507

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 25% 64% 11% ALICE 261233

1,053 261232 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 26% 45% 29% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

438

Income 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 0 500 1,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:20%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty10%15%) Unemployment Rate:5.1%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INOAKLANDCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 1,242,304|NumberofHouseholds: $69,998(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% Household SurvivalBudget,OaklandCounty 497,819

480,262 2007 22% 70% 8%

Poverty

482,286 2010 10% 24% 66% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261251 Above AT Above

489,897

2012 22% 10% 68% $20,592 $10.30 $1,716 $209 $156 $166 $491 $184 $510

$– Total HH Total

497,819 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 20% 10% 70% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 $63,660 $31.83 $5,305 $1,280 $470 $482 $637 $981 $609 $846 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in OaklandCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreOaklandCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many OaklandCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 89% 7% 4%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 103,767 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle Vehicle Poverty

Single Female-Headed Single

28% 37% 35% ALICE

24,968 261253 261252 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Single Male-Headed Single

18% 27% 55% Total HH Total

9,092 Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

Income 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000

Total Households smallest townsthat donotreportincome. averages andisnot availableforthe Municipal-level dataoftenrelieson5-year totals willnotmatchcounty-leveldata. These areoverlappinggeographiesso include CensusDesignatedPlaces(CDP). for PlacesandCountySubdivisions,which Note: Municipal-leveldataonthispage is Township Bloomfield Charter Birmingham City Berkley City Auburn HillsCity Addison Township Bloomfield HillsCity Township Commerce Charter Clawson City Township Brandon Charter Farmington HillsCity Farmington City Huntington Woods City Holly Township Township Highland Charter Hazel ParkCity Groveland Township Ferndale City Township Independence Charter Lake Angelus City Lake Angelus Keego HarborCity Madison HeightsCity Lyon CharterTownship Lathrup Village City Novi City Northville City Township Milford Charter City Orchard LakeVillage Township Oakland Charter Oak ParkCity Orion CharterTownship Pontiac City Pleasant RidgeCity Oxford CharterTownship Rochester HillsCity Rochester City Royal OakCity Township Royal OakCharter Rose Township Southfield City South Lyon City Troy City Sylvan LakeCity Township Springfield Charter Southfield Township Township Waterford Charter Walled LakeCity Village OfClarkstonCity Township West Bloomfield Charter Wixom City Township White LakeCharter Town Oakland County, 2015 Total HH 16,648 15,405 34,013 13,377 12,855 23,077 13,249 23,566 28,046 28,371 32,219 30,812 30,127 24,453 11,494 11,602 8,835 6,573 8,988 2,257 1,277 5,481 5,467 4,671 2,457 4,272 7,306 6,958 1,894 9,479 1,409 5,907 1,553 1,350 6,219 6,298 1,109 7,868 5,544 1,052 2,587 4,805 5,107 5,720 3,372 6,153 134 805 408 811 % ALICE Poverty 17% 25% 40% 23% 17% 33% 25% 31% 22% 32% 29% 59% 20% 42% 29% 52% 23% 25% 12% 15% 23% 51% 16% 44% 24% 17% 27% 24% 27% 66% 73% 29% 24% 34% 32% 25% 22% 15% 42% 44% 29% 22% 37% 46% 27% 19% 11% 9% 7% 5%

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:31%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty16%15%) Unemployment Rate:8.7%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INOCEANACOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 26,229|NumberofHouseholds: $41,617(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 9,822 Household SurvivalBudget,OceanaCounty

10,364 2007 17% 24% 59%

Poverty

9,619 2010 13% 31% 56% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261271 Above AT Above

9,466 2012 17% 28% 55% $18,180 $1,515 $9.09 $174 $138 $184 $349 $184 $486

$– Total HH Total

9,822 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 16% 31% 53% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 $55,608 $27.80 $4,634 $1,229 $328 $421 $707 $697 $609 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in OceanaCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreOceanaCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many OceanaCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 21% 63% 16%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 1,815 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 23% 15% 62% ALICE

261273

261272 With Mortgage With 458

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 34% 22% 44% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

340

Income 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 0 200 400

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:26%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty20%15%) Unemployment Rate:12.4%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INOGEMAW COUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 21,222|NumberofHouseholds: $36,063(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 9,434 Household SurvivalBudget,OgemawCounty

8,479 2007 18% 26% 56%

Poverty

8,074 2010 18% 30% 52% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261291 Above AT Above

9,031 2012 20% 22% 58% $17,616 $1,468 $8.81 $166 $133 $184 $349 $184 $452

$– Total HH Total

9,434 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 20% 26% 54% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 $55,704 $27.85 $4,642 $1,229 $329 $422 $707 $697 $609 $649 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in OgemawCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreOgemawCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many OgemawCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 10% 68% 22%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 1,258 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 11% 23% 66% ALICE

261293

261292 With Mortgage With 616

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 36% 38% 26% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

222

Income 0 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 200

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:32%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty15%15%) Unemployment Rate:13.7%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INONTONAGONCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 6,298| Number ofHouseholds: $34,459(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 0% 3,084 Household SurvivalBudget,OntonagonCounty #N/A N/A Poverty

3,410 2010 14% 26% 60% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261311 Above AT Above

3,333 2012 16% 23% 61% $18,408 $1,534 $9.20 $177 $139 $184 $349 $184 $501

$– Total HH Total

3,084 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 15% 32% 53% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 $55,608 $27.80 $4,634 $1,229 $328 $421 $707 $697 $609 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, plan, orrentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in OntonagonCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k) Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreOntonagonCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many OntonagonCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 20% 71% 9%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle Vehicle

285

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 90% 10% 0% ALICE

261313 261312 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage 60 Above AT Above Home

Headed Total HH Total Single Male- 25% 26% 49%

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

Income 0 50 100 150 200 250 300

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:28%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty19%15%) Unemployment Rate:10.3%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INOSCEOLACOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 23,234|NumberofHouseholds: $38,999(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 8,757 Household SurvivalBudget,OsceolaCounty

8,665 2007 17% 27% 56%

Poverty

9,076 2010 17% 23% 60% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261331 Above AT Above

8,877 2012 19% 26% 55% $17,556 $1,463 $8.78 $165 $133 $184 $349 $184 $448

$– Total HH Total

8,757 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 19% 28% 53% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 $43,920 $21.96 $3,660 $135 $333 $707 $697 $609 $536 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in OsceolaCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreOsceolaCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many OsceolaCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 15% 72% 13%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 1,344 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 72% 11% 17% ALICE

261333

261332 With Mortgage With 608

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 31% 34% 35% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

267

Income 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 0 200 400

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:28%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty19%15%) Unemployment Rate:13.2%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INOSCODACOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 8,444| Number ofHouseholds: $33,021(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 0% 3,686 Household SurvivalBudget,OscodaCounty #N/A N/A Poverty

4,052 2010 57% 19% 24% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261351 Above AT Above

3,842 2012 28% 55% 17% $18,108 $1,509 $9.05 $173 $137 $184 $349 $184 $482

$– Total HH Total

3,686 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 28% 53% 19% 1 PRESCHOOLER

3,500 4,000 4,500 - 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 $56,460 $28.23 $4,705 $1,229 $343 $428 $707 $697 $609 $692 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in OscodaCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreOscodaCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many OscodaCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 22% 13% 65%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 2 Vehicles 3 Vehicles 1 Vehicle Vehicle

397

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 52% 16% 32% ALICE

261353 261352 With Mortgage With

146 No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Total HH Total Single Male- 33% 28% 39%

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

120

Income 200 250 300 350 400 450 0 50 100 150

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:24%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty12%15%) Unemployment Rate:8.2%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INOTSEGOCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 24,141|NumberofHouseholds: $48,917(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 9,956 Household SurvivalBudget,OtsegoCounty

9,508 2007 13% 24% 63%

Poverty

9,817 2010 12% 24% 64% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261371 Above AT Above

9,803 2012 11% 19% 70% $17,784 $1,482 $8.89 $168 $135 $184 $349 $184 $462

$– Total HH Total

9,956 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 12% 24% 64% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 $51,084 $25.54 $4,257 $247 $387 $707 $697 $609 $947 $663 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in OtsegoCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreOtsegoCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many OtsegoCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 10% 85% 5%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 1,752 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 18% 63% 19% ALICE

261373

261372 With Mortgage With 442

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 41% 47% 12% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

298

Income 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 0 200 400

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:28%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty8%15%) Unemployment Rate:4.3%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INOTTAWA COUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 279,955|NumberofHouseholds: $61,012(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 98,598 Household SurvivalBudget,OttawaCounty

92,845 2007 25% 69% 6%

Poverty

91,334 2010 11% 25% 64% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261391 Above AT Above

95,048

2012 27% 64% $19,848 9% $1,654 $9.92

$197 $150 $184 $349 $184 $590

$– Total HH Total

98,598 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 28% 64% 8% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 $56,400 $28.20 $4,700 $1,188 $342 $427 $707 $697 $609 $730 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in OttawaCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreOttawaCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many OttawaCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% 120% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 40% 60% 80% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 12% 85% 3%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles

1 Vehicle 24,932 Vehicle Poverty

Female- Headed Single 15% 39% 46% ALICE

261393

4,698 261392 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed

Single Male- 43% 55% 2% Total HH Total

1,972 Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

Income 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:23%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty14%15%) Unemployment Rate:13.1%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INPRESQUEISLECOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 13,037|NumberofHouseholds: $41,213(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 0% Household SurvivalBudget,PresqueIsleCounty 5,999 #N/A N/A Poverty

6,332 2010 13% 19% 68% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261411 Above AT Above

6,123 2012 13% 24% 63% $17,556 $1,463 $8.78 $165 $133 $184 $349 $184 $448

$– Total HH Total

5,999 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 14% 23% 63% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 $55,608 $27.80 $4,634 $1,229 $328 $421 $707 $697 $609 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, plan, orrentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in PresqueIsleCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k) Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. the ALICE below parents, thosefamilieswithasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincome Threshold. Though morePresqueIsleCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarried that manyPresqueIsleCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprising How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% 120% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 40% 60% 80% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 80% 11% 9%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 2 Vehicles 3 Vehicles 1 Vehicle Vehicle

731

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 57% 10% 33% ALICE 261413 261412 With Mortgage With

185 No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Total HH Total Single Male- 42% 37% 21%

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

111

Income 300 400 500 600 700 800 0 100 200

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:24%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty19%15%) Unemployment Rate:14.2%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INROSCOMMONCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 24,068|NumberofHouseholds: $35,133(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% Household SurvivalBudget,RoscommonCounty 11,543

11,987 2007 20% 24% 56%

Poverty

11,028 2010 18% 25% 57% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261431 Above AT Above

11,723

2012 19% 21% 60% $17,556 $1,463 $8.78 $165 $133 $184 $349 $184 $448

$– Total HH Total

11,543 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 19% 24% 57% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 $53,076 $26.54 $4,423 $1,082 $283 $402 $707 $697 $609 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, plan, orrentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in RoscommonCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k) Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. the ALICE below parents, thosefamilieswithasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincome Threshold. Though moreRoscommonCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarried that manyRoscommonCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprising How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 16% 16% 68%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 1,103 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 56% 16% 28% ALICE

261433

261432 With Mortgage With 618

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 51% 14% 35% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

165

Income 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:21%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty18%15%) Unemployment Rate:9.1%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INSAGINAW COUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 193,307|NumberofHouseholds: $43,383(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 77,211 Household SurvivalBudget,SaginawCounty

76,003 2007 16% 24% 60%

Poverty

75,609 2010 15% 26% 59% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261451 Above AT Above

78,010

2012 17% 26% 57% $17,076 $1,423 $8.54 $158 $129 $184 $349 $184 $419

$– Total HH Total

77,211 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 18% 21% 61% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 $55,248 $27.62 $4,604 $1,152 $321 $419 $707 $697 $609 $699 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in SaginawCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreSaginawCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many SaginawCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 12% 80% 8%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles

1 Vehicle 11,284 Vehicle Poverty

Female- Headed Single 27% 49% 24% ALICE

261453

7,689 261452 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed

Single Male- 45% 50% 5% Total HH Total

1,245 Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

Income 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:28%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty12%15%) Unemployment Rate:7.6%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INSTCLAIRCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 159,875|NumberofHouseholds: $51,127(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 63,571 Household SurvivalBudget,StClairCounty

65,343 2007 11% 30% 59%

Poverty

64,501 2010 13% 28% 59% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261471 Above AT Above

65,075

2012 15% 26% 59% $20,592 $10.30 $1,716 $209 $156 $166 $491 $184 $510

$– Total HH Total

63,571 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 12% 28% 60% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 $61,272 $30.64 $5,106 $1,141 $428 $464 $637 $981 $609 $846 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in StClairCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreStClairCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many StClairCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 85% 11% 4%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles

1 Vehicle 11,292 Vehicle Poverty

Female- Headed Single 12% 79% 9% ALICE

261473

2,923 261472 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed

Single Male- 19% 57% 24% Total HH Total

1,067 Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

Income 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:26%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty14%15%) Unemployment Rate:8.6%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INSTJOSEPHCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 61,022|NumberofHouseholds: $44,449(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 23,270 Household SurvivalBudget,StJosephCounty

22,810 2007 14% 26% 60%

Poverty

21,832 2010 14% 25% 61% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261491 Above AT Above

22,577

2012 16% 24% 60% $17,712 $1,476 $8.86 $167 $134 $184 $349 $184 $458

$– Total HH Total

23,270 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 14% 26% 60% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 $48,300 $24.15 $4,025 $199 $366 $707 $697 $609 $799 $648 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, plan, orrentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in StJosephCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k) Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreStJosephCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many StJosephCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 12% 11% 77%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 4,315 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 28% 12% 60% ALICE

261493

1,622 261492 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 25% 58% 17% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

614

Income 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000 0 500 1,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:32%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty15%15%) Unemployment Rate:10.7%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INSANILACCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 42,014|NumberofHouseholds: $41,100(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 16,280 Household SurvivalBudget,SanilacCounty

17,173 2007 13% 26% 61%

Poverty

16,985 2010 15% 25% 60% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261511 Above AT Above

16,011

2012 15% 32% 53% $17,556 $1,463 $8.78 $165 $133 $184 $349 $184 $448

$– Total HH Total

16,280 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 15% 32% 53% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 $55,608 $27.80 $4,634 $1,229 $328 $421 $707 $697 $609 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in SanilacCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreSanilacCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many SanilacCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 71% 11% 18%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 2,613 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 13% 51% 36% ALICE

261513

261512 With Mortgage With 763

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 43% 44% 13% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

223

Income 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:33%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty19%15%) Unemployment Rate:15.6%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INSCHOOLCRAFTCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 8,288| Number ofHouseholds: $34,118 (stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 0% 3,419 Household SurvivalBudget,SchoolcraftCounty #N/A N/A Poverty

3,621 2010 25% 58% 17% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261531 Above AT Above

3,651 2012 25% 58% 17% $17,556 $1,463 $8.78 $165 $133 $184 $349 $184 $448

$– Total HH Total

3,419 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 48% 33% 19% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 $53,892 $26.95 $4,491 $1,130 $297 $408 $707 $697 $609 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, plan, orrentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in SchoolcraftCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k) Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreSchoolcraftCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many SchoolcraftCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 74% 21% 5%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle Vehicle

370

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 13% 20% 67% ALICE

261533 261532 With Mortgage With

166 No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Total HH Total Single Male- 52% 44% 4%

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

Income 150 200 250 300 350 400 0 50 100

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:21%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty10%15%) Unemployment Rate:4.5%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INSHIAWASSEE COUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 68,619|NumberofHouseholds: $51,839(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% Household SurvivalBudget,ShiawasseeCounty 27,036

28,256 2007 16% 63% 21%

Poverty

27,134 2010 13% 67% 20% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261551 Above AT Above

27,132

2012 17% 62% 21% $16,728 $1,394 $8.36 $153 $127 $184 $349 $184 $397

$– Total HH Total

27,036 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 21% 69% 10% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 $55,176 $27.59 $4,598 $1,179 $320 $418 $707 $697 $609 $668 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, plan, orrentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in ShiawasseeCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k) Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 ALICE Threshold. those familieswithasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe Though moreShiawasseeCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents, many ShiawasseeCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% 120% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 40% 60% 80% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 80% 11% 9%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 5,346 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 54% 24% 22% ALICE

261553

1,583 261552 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 36% 36% 28% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

709

Income 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:23%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty14%15%) Unemployment Rate:9.3%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INTUSCOLACOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 54,420|NumberofHouseholds: $43,768(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 21,304 Household SurvivalBudget,Tuscola County

21,716 2007 12% 22% 66%

Poverty

21,635 2010 15% 23% 62% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261571 Above AT Above

21,180

2012 14% 25% 61% $16,512 $1,376 $8.26 $150 $125 $184 $349 $184 $384

$– Total HH Total

21,304 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 14% 23% 63% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 $53,376 $26.69 $4,448 $1,100 $288 $404 $707 $697 $609 $643 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in Tuscola Countyownliquidassets,suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though more Tuscola Countyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many Tuscola Countyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 12% 75% 13%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 2 Vehicles 3 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 4,000 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 54% 18% 28% ALICE

261573

1,132 261572 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 36% 32% 32% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

491

Income 0 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 500 1,000 1,500

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:25%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty15%15%) Unemployment Rate:7.2%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INVAN BURENCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 75,077|NumberofHouseholds: $48,034(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 28,564 Household SurvivalBudget,VanBurenCounty

30,482 2007 17% 23% 60%

Poverty

27,779 2010 14% 28% 58% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261591 Above AT Above

27,740

2012 17% 26% 57% $17,940 $1,495 $8.97 $170 $136 $184 $349 $184 $472

$– Total HH Total

28,564 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 15% 25% 60% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 $57,072 $28.54 $4,756 $1,229 $354 $432 $707 $697 $609 $728 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, plan, orrentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in Van BurenCountyownliquidassets,suchasasavings account,401(k) Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreVan BurenCountyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many Van BurenCountyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 72% 10% 18%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 5,380 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 26% 46% 28% ALICE

261593

1,973 261592 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 32% 20% 48% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

688

Income 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:23%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty14%15%) Unemployment Rate:5.4%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INWASHTENAW COUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 358,880|NumberofHouseholds: $61,977(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% Household SurvivalBudget,WashtenawCounty 138,099

133,075 2007 12% 24% 64%

Poverty

132,028 2010 12% 26% 62% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261611 Above AT Above

137,565

2012 15% 23% 62% $21,288 $10.64 $1,774 $221 $161 $184 $349 $184 $675

$– Total HH Total

138,099 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 14% 23% 63% 1 PRESCHOOLER

- 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 160,000 $63,096 $31.55 $5,258 $1,343 $460 $478 $707 $697 $609 $964 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, plan, orrentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in Washtenaw Countyownliquidassets, suchasasavingsaccount,401(k) Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreWashtenaw Countyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents, those many Washtenaw Countyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 87% 10% 3%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles

1 Vehicle 24,215 Vehicle Poverty

Female- Headed Single 23% 35% 42% ALICE

261613

7,167 261612 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed

Single Male- 66% 24% 10% Total HH Total

2,394 Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

Income 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:29%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty23%15%) Unemployment Rate:11.6% (stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INWAYNE COUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 1,759,335|NumberofHouseholds: $41,557(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% Household SurvivalBudget,WayneCounty 667,521

706,198 2007 18% 30% 52%

Poverty

675,079 2010 48% 21% 31% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261631 Above AT Above

660,724

2012 50% 23% 27% $20,592 $10.30 $1,716 $209 $156 $166 $491 $184 $510

$– Total HH Total

667,521 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 48% 23% 29% 1 PRESCHOOLER

100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 800,000 - $62,148 $31.07 $5,179 $1,192 $443 $471 $637 $981 $609 $846 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in Wayne Countyownliquidassets, suchasasavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreWayne Countyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents, those many Wayne Countyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling?

Percent of Households Percent of Families with Children 100% 80% 90% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 69% 14% 17%

4+ Vehicles 4+

3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 93,283 1 Vehicle Vehicle Poverty

Single Female-Headed Single

25% 61% 14% ALICE

65,833 261633 261632 With Mortgage With

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Single Male-Headed Single

29% 39% 32% Total HH Total

17,233 17,233 Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

Income 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000

Total Households smallest townsthat donotreportincome. averages andisnot availableforthe Municipal-level dataoftenrelieson5-year totals willnotmatchcounty-leveldata. These areoverlappinggeographiesso include CensusDesignatedPlaces(CDP). for PlacesandCountySubdivisions,which Note: Municipal-leveldataonthispage is Allen ParkCity Township Canton Charter Township Brownstown Charter Belleville City Dearborn City Dearborn HeightsCity Detroit City Garden City Flat RockCity Ecorse City Lincoln ParkCity Inkster City Huron CharterTownship Highland ParkCity Harper Woods City Hamtramck City City Grosse PointeWoods Grosse PointeParkCity City Grosse PointeFarms Grosse PointeCity Grosse IleTownship Gibraltar City Livonia City Northville Township Northville City Melvindale City Township Plymouth Charter Township Redford Charter Plymouth City Southgate City Romulus City Rockwood City Riverview City River RougeCity Taylor City Sumpter Township Shores City Village OfGrossePointe Township Van BurenCharter Trenton City Westland City Wayne City Wyandotte City Woodhaven City Town Wayne County, 2015 255,740 Total HH 10,592 31,505 31,502 20,646 10,326 14,401 37,199 10,975 10,622 18,057 12,499 23,742 33,717 10,625 11,275 11,119 1,617 3,664 3,438 9,451 5,472 4,499 5,283 6,241 6,089 4,303 3,373 2,155 4,035 1,739 1,195 4,124 4,083 8,506 1,318 4,930 2,769 3,533 1,163 7,798 6,792 5,163 % ALICE Poverty 32% 47% 31% 21% 46% 48% 70% 41% 69% 64% 28% 78% 46% 75% 20% 25% 12% 17% 20% 36% 44% 52% 27% 64% 26% 20% 31% 25% 53% 43% 42% 70% 44% 42% 43% 41% 35% 53% 58% 37% 49% 43% 9%

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I for all. 2010 and2012forsome,butnot Conditions startedtoimprovein hardship formanyfamilies. from 2007to2010,caused worsen. The GreatRecession, as circumstancesimproveor and outofpoverty ALICE over time;householdsmovein changes Threshold the ALICE The numberofhouseholdsbelow struggling toafford basicneeds. equals thetotalpopulation poverty and ALICE households AT). Combined,thenumberof county (the ALICE Threshold, or the basiccostoflivingfor Poverty Level,butlessthan earn morethantheFederal Employed –householdsthat Limited, IncomeConstrained, ALICE isanacronymforAsset How manyhouseholdsarestruggling? ALICE Households:28%(stateaverage:25%);Poverty16%15%) Unemployment Rate:9.5%(stateaverage:7.2%) Median HouseholdIncome: Population: 2015 Point-in-Time Data ALICE INWEXFORDCOUNTY Household SurvivalBudget. family offour, butlessthanthe single adultand$24,250for a Poverty Levelof$11,770 fora typically earnabovetheFederal expenses. ALICE households vulnerable tounexpected any savings,leavingahousehold Survival Budgetdoesnotinclude The bare-minimumHousehold necessities? to affordthebasic What doesitcost 32,751|NumberofHouseholds: $41,534(stateaverage:$51,084) HouseholdsbyIncome,2007to2015 Department ofTreasury; EarlyChildhood InvestmentCorporation. Department of Agriculture (USDA);BureauofLabor Statistics(BLS);InternalRevenue Service(IRS);Michigan Survey; the ALICE Threshold.Budget:U.S.Departmentof HousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD); U.S. Sources: 2015Point-in-Time Data: American CommunitySurvey.Community ALICEDemographics: American Hourly Wage ANNUAL TOTAL Monthly Total Monthly Costs Taxes Miscellaneous Health Care Transportation Food Child Care Housing Percent of Households 100% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 12,673 Household SurvivalBudget,WexfordCounty

12,877 2007 15% 65% 20%

Poverty

12,314 2010 61% 17% 22% SINGLE ADULT ALICE

261651 Above AT Above

12,271

2012 54% 18% 28% $17,016 $1,418 $8.51 $157 $129 $184 $349 $184 $415

$– Total HH Total

12,673 2015 2 ADULTS, 1INFANT, 56% 16% 28% 1 PRESCHOOLER

2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 - $51,936 $25.97 $4,328 $262 $394 $707 $697 $609 $961 $698 Total Households Assets, AllHouseholds,2015 next mostcommonasset,canbuildwealth,butisnotaliquidasset. Vehicles, themostcommonasset,depreciateovertime.Homeownership, or rentalincome,thatarereadilyavailabletocoveremergencyexpenses. in Wexford Countyownliquidassets,such as asavingsaccount,401(k)plan, Ownership ofassetscancontributetostabilityhouseholds. Yet fewfamilies What assetsdohouseholdshave? Families withChildrenbyIncome,2015 Threshold. families withasingleparentaremorelikelytohaveincomebelowthe ALICE Though moreWexford Countyfamiliesareheadedbymarriedparents,those many Wexford Countyfamilieswithchildrenlivebelowthe ALICE Threshold. Children addsignificantexpensetoafamilybudget,soitisnotsurprisingthat How manyfamilieswithchildrenarestruggling? Percent of Households

100% Percent of Families with Children 100% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 0% Married 14% 16% 70%

4+ Vehicles 4+ 3 Vehicles 2 Vehicles 1 Vehicle 2,183 Vehicle

Poverty

Female- Headed Single 56% 33% 11% ALICE

261653

261652 With Mortgage With 677

No No Mortgage Above AT Above Home

Headed Single Male- 41% 21% 38% Total HH Total

Interest, Dividends, or Rental or Dividends, Interest,

383

Income 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 0

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – EXHIBIT I UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit II Housing DatabyCounty, Michigan,2015 Starting in2014,thereareno3-yearestimates Source: American CommunitySurvey, 2015;countieswithpopulationsover65,000use1-yearestimates;under5-yearestimates. enable allhouseholdsbelowthe ALICE Threshold tospendlessthanone-thirdoftheirincomeonhousing. The GapinRentalUnitsisanaverageofthehighandlowestimatesfornumberrentalunitsnecessaryto occupied units. This tablepresentskeyhousingdataforeachcountyinMichigan2015owner-occupiedandrenter- budget ineachcountyMichigan,andtoshowhowmanyhouseholdsarestrugglingafford it. The UnitedWay care, healthandtransportation. individuals andfamilieswhoareworking,butunabletoafford thebasicnecessitiesofhousing,food,child ALICE, anacronymfor AssetLimited,IncomeConstrained, ALICE HOUSINGDATA BYCOUNTY Allegan Alger Barry Baraga Arenac Antrim Alpena Bay Berrien Benzie Branch Calhoun Cass Clare Chippewa Cheboygan Charlevoix Clinton Delta Crawford Eaton Dickinson Emmet Genesee Gogebic Gladwin County Occupied 115,325 33,215 18,714 32,907 44,342 12,234 36,763 16,605 10,679 22,698 12,321 31,072 10,534 Owner- 2,977 2,498 5,352 8,096 9,693 6,166 9,833 9,131 8,689 4,803 8,977 5,247 9,134 ALICE Reportusesstandardizedmeasurementstoquantifythecostofabasichousehold Owner-Occupied Units Owned byHHs Below ALICE Threshold Percent 55% 57% 40% 48% 35% 39% 39% 32% 32% 28% 47% 31% 48% 36% 29% 48% 47% 34% 30% 36% 34% 16% 26% 42% 40% 31% Percent OwnersPay More Than30%of Housing Burden: Income 25% 23% 26% 28% 21% 16% 22% 26% 21% 21% 21% 23% 21% 25% 27% 26% 31% 24% 16% 20% 22% 17% 26% 21% 28% 26% Occupied Renter- 19,937 16,313 12,479 48,163 1,095 1,593 3,029 8,864 4,122 1,059 9,892 3,788 4,164 2,092 2,105 3,496 2,576 1,151 6,374 2,082 3,364 3,414 1,494 1,826 493 476 Percent Rentedby Employed, representsthegrowingnumberof HHs BelowALICE Threshold Renter-Occupied Units 95% 74% 86% 78% 75% 60% 76% 57% 60% 62% 82% 61% 81% 74% 72% 82% 79% 68% 64% 61% 76% 51% 63% 75% 73% 64% Percent RentersPay More Than30%of Housing Burden: Income 55% 51% 46% 54% 49% 36% 48% 44% 41% 46% 48% 56% 49% 47% 48% 49% 62% 50% 44% 43% 52% 47% 52% 50% 52% 50% for All HHs Below for AllHHsBelow ALICE Threshold Units Affordable Units Affordable Gap in Rental Gap inRental 12,428 12,495 30,863 1,283 5,354 7,306 3,380 2,027 4,100 1,277 2,573 2,157 1,333 1,114 410 806 196 898 294 586 353 81 79 20 44 3 Community Survey Source American Estimate 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year 1-Year 5-Year 1-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year Ottawa Grand Traverse Saginaw Roscommon Presque Isle Gratiot St Clair Hillsdale Ionia Ingham Huron Houghton Isabella Iron Iosco Jackson Kalamazoo Kent Kalkaska Lapeer Lake Keweenaw Lenawee Leelanau Livingston Macomb Mackinac Luce Marquette Manistee Midland Menominee Mecosta Mason Monroe Missaukee Montcalm Muskegon Montmorency Newaygo Oakland Otsego Oscoda Osceola Ontonagon Ogemaw Oceana County Occupied 162,396 244,923 348,195 76,393 27,376 54,489 10,852 48,888 13,759 17,337 14,581 41,809 64,681 27,628 29,309 60,228 17,644 24,908 47,149 18,408 46,354 15,249 Owner- 64,311 11,253 11,532 7,877 9,503 5,237 9,373 4,515 9,091 5,791 3,606 7,836 3,839 1,795 8,192 8,390 9,192 4,810 3,481 6,902 2,709 7,689 7,913 3,117 922 Owner-Occupied Units Owned byHHs Below ALICE Threshold Percent 27% 44% 36% 31% 41% 31% 50% 41% 37% 34% 49% 34% 47% 42% 43% 38% 22% 38% 33% 69% 42% 34% 24% 38% 45% 37% 56% 26% 38% 36% 37% 49% 34% 39% 38% 31% 37% 43% 54% 43% 34% 48% 38% 47% 43% 52% 26% Percent OwnersPay More Than30%of Housing Burden: Income 22% 29% 21% 17% 26% 21% 22% 20% 21% 22% 18% 25% 26% 23% 24% 21% 18% 27% 19% 31% 27% 18% 31% 21% 26% 25% 22% 22% 25% 21% 21% 24% 28% 20% 25% 17% 22% 27% 27% 19% 25% 28% 25% 24% 29% 25% 21% Occupied 149,624 Renter- 22,205 22,722 14,683 46,954 17,483 36,547 74,863 10,872 96,609 16,861 11,737 2,079 2,040 9,576 3,864 2,552 4,392 4,051 2,252 4,755 9,665 1,394 1,398 5,080 7,707 1,370 1,950 2,289 3,946 3,056 7,854 1,056 8,069 4,876 3,090 1,855 1,745 1,909 762 877 759 582 589 569 375 118 Percent Rentedby HHs BelowALICE Threshold Renter-Occupied Units 63% 76% 70% 69% 57% 66% 83% 73% 72% 69% 87% 68% 64% 78% 79% 85% 59% 64% 73% 91% 90% 72% 51% 74% 77% 68% 62% 80% 67% 68% 70% 84% 69% 79% 61% 64% 79% 75% 79% 78% 68% 73% 78% 81% 74% 85% 59% Percent RentersPay More Than30%of Housing Burden: Income 54% 63% 46% 43% 31% 55% 56% 52% 50% 49% 55% 49% 43% 49% 52% 62% 50% 44% 44% 59% 61% 48% 49% 56% 51% 43% 51% 49% 49% 51% 47% 61% 52% 45% 48% 46% 50% 59% 49% 51% 55% 51% 53% 53% 63% 52% 45% for All HHs Below for AllHHsBelow ALICE Threshold Units Affordable Units Affordable Gap in Rental Gap inRental 15,258 17,635 33,720 13,019 26,842 53,974 13,108 14,581 1,301 1,093 5,504 1,756 2,752 1,444 3,739 8,726 1,500 6,174 5,148 3,861 1,358 1,295 289 122 428 305 694 887 201 490 454 466 744 400 756 440 107 182 81 99 18 66 19 68 36 21 1 Community Survey Source American Estimate 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year 1-Year 1-Year 5-Year 1-Year 1-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year 1-Year 5-Year 1-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year 5-Year 1-Year 1-Year 5-Year 1-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year 5-Year 1-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year 1-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit II UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit II Housing DatabyCounty, Michigan,2015 St Joseph Sanilac Shiawassee Schoolcraft Tuscola Van Buren Washtenaw Wayne Wexford County Occupied 409,245 17,458 13,009 20,754 17,347 22,398 81,042 Owner- 2,739 9,719 Owner-Occupied Units Owned byHHs Below ALICE Threshold Percent 29% 43% 53% 22% 32% 44% 26% 34% 44% Percent OwnersPay More Than30%of Housing Burden: Income 22% 21% 24% 18% 24% 21% 21% 25% 25% Occupied 258,276 Renter- 57,057 5,812 3,271 6,282 3,957 6,166 2,954 680 Percent Rentedby HHs BelowALICE Threshold Renter-Occupied Units 64% 83% 81% 58% 65% 82% 61% 66% 76% Percent RentersPay More Than30%of Housing Burden: Income 48% 48% 65% 42% 52% 53% 48% 49% 57% for All HHs Below for AllHHsBelow ALICE Threshold Units Affordable Units Affordable Gap in Rental Gap inRental 19,771 3,745 5,614 2,375 183 101 16 52 31 Community Survey Source American Estimate 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year 5-Year 1-Year 1-Year 5-Year 1-Year ALICE ThresholdandHouseholdsbyRace/Ethnicity andAge, Michigan,2015 Starting in2014,thereareno3-yearestimates Source: American CommunitySurvey, 2015;counties with populationsover65,000use1-yearestimates;under5-yearestimates. For detailsofthemethodology, seetheMethodologyOverview. under andover65yearsoldforeachcountyarepresented. percentages ofrace/ethnicityandagecanmasksizethepopulation. The ALICE Thresholds forhouseholds The tablepresents ALICE demographicsforeachcountybrokendownbyrace/ethnicityandage.Notethat ALICE Threshold. Budget ineachcountyMichigan,andtoshowthenumberofhouseholdsearningbelowthisamount– The UnitedWay care, healthandtransportation. individuals andfamilieswhoareworking,butunabletoafford thebasicnecessitiesofhousing,food,child ALICE, anacronymforAssetLimited,IncomeConstrained, DEMOGRAPHICS, MICHIGAN,2015 ALICE THRESHOLDAND Gogebic Gladwin Genesee Emmet Eaton Dickinson Delta Crawford Clinton Clare Chippewa Cheboygan Charlevoix Cass Calhoun Branch Berrien Benzie Bay Barry Baraga Arenac Antrim Alpena Allegan Alger Alcona County 163,488 10,960 13,948 43,551 15,685 29,072 13,255 13,997 10,794 20,101 53,076 16,022 64,279 42,799 22,836 12,722 42,079 11,059 11,223 Total 6,741 5,954 7,225 2,974 6,447 9,689 3,470 5,001 HHs ALICE ReportusesstandardizedmeasurementstoquantifythecostofaHouseholdSurvival HHs Below Threshold ALICE 39% 48% 47% 40% 37% 29% 41% 44% 38% 30% 53% 48% 39% 42% 41% 46% 37% 37% 37% 36% 52% 46% 41% 39% 37% 50% 42% Asian 71% 48% 59% 24% 35% 29% 80% 92% 89% 45% 61% 45% 34% 36% 49% 34% 26% 29% 60% 71% 34% 25% 67% N/A 0% 0% 0% Percent HHBelowAT –Race/Ethnicity 100% 100% 100% Black 75% 61% 64% 51% 61% 53% 66% 64% 47% 70% 61% 46% 86% 54% 55% N/A N/A N/A N/A 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Hispanic 100% 32% 81% 37% 42% 76% 36% 65% 68% 56% 53% 61% 48% 44% 70% 53% 63% 51% 51% 59% 63% 80% 50% 56% 57% 55% 62% Employed, representsthegrowingnumberof White 38% 43% 47% 47% 34% 36% 27% 39% 36% 38% 28% 53% 46% 39% 40% 36% 45% 33% 41% 36% 35% 51% 46% 41% 39% 36% 51% HH Below AT –Age Percent Seniors 38% 50% 42% 45% 29% 32% 22% 39% 35% 39% 34% 45% 48% 37% 38% 38% 47% 31% 31% 37% 40% 49% 42% 41% 36% 50% 47% HH Under65Years ALICE Threshold– $40,000 $40,000 $40,000 $40,000 $40,000 $40,000 $40,000 $35,000 $40,000 $35,000 $45,000 $40,000 $45,000 $40,000 $45,000 $40,000 $45,000 $40,000 $45,000 $40,000 $45,000 $50,000 $40,000 $35,000 $35,000 $45,000 $50,000 ALICE Threshold ALICE Threshold–HH 65 Years andOver $25,000 $30,000 $25,000 $30,000 $25,000 $30,000 $30,000 $30,000 $30,000 $30,000 $30,000 $30,000 $30,000 $30,000 $30,000 $25,000 $30,000 $25,000 $30,000 $25,000 $30,000 $30,000 $30,000 $30,000 $25,000 $35,000 $30,000

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit III UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit III ALICE ThresholdandHouseholdsbyRace/Ethnicity andAge,Michigan,2015 Ogemaw Oceana Oakland Newaygo Muskegon Montmorency Montcalm Monroe Missaukee Midland Wexford Wayne Washtenaw Van Buren Tuscola Shiawassee Menominee Mecosta Mason Marquette Manistee Macomb Mackinac Luce Livingston Lenawee Schoolcraft Sanilac St Joseph St Clair Saginaw Roscommon Presque Isle Ottawa Otsego Oscoda Osceola Ontonagon Leelanau Lapeer Lake Keweenaw Kent Kalkaska Kalamazoo Jackson Isabella Iron Iosco Ionia Ingham Huron Houghton Hillsdale Gratiot Grand Traverse County 497,819 667,521 138,099 341,532 237,259 101,228 111,265 18,339 63,215 23,284 58,886 32,977 12,673 28,564 21,304 27,036 10,679 15,478 12,248 25,498 10,142 71,100 37,016 16,280 23,270 63,571 98,598 32,708 59,292 24,246 22,092 13,805 13,765 17,810 14,716 36,952 77,211 11,543 11,343 Total 9,434 9,822 4,070 5,866 5,209 2,377 3,419 5,999 9,956 3,686 8,757 3,084 9,234 4,365 1,040 7,185 5,392 HHs HHs Below Threshold ALICE 46% 47% 30% 41% 40% 48% 48% 33% 44% 34% 44% 52% 37% 40% 37% 31% 39% 47% 40% 41% 39% 38% 33% 55% 27% 43% 39% 43% 47% 52% 47% 40% 40% 37% 36% 36% 47% 47% 47% 28% 37% 59% 47% 38% 43% 36% 36% 50% 49% 45% 43% 42% 51% 41% 48% 35% 100% 100% Asian 67% 16% 71% 42% 21% 16% 17% 10% 35% 42% 48% 14% 51% 61% 21% 27% 24% 34% 26% 24% 51% 23% 70% 60% 57% 39% 34% 40% 63% 51% 59% 34% 50% 34% 62% 40% 77% 50% 10% 76% 45% 20% 61% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Percent HHBelowAT –Race/Ethnicity 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Black 92% 44% 55% 72% 71% 50% 14% 62% 85% 67% 58% 70% 59% 81% 72% 30% 54% 59% 58% 56% 31% 70% 67% 57% 35% 65% 76% 72% 77% 84% 66% 81% 69% 73% 66% 61% 72% 52% 60% 64% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0% 0% 6% 0% Hispanic 100% 44% 45% 61% 45% 54% 55% 62% 59% 53% 37% 51% 50% 42% 53% 60% 56% 63% 50% 47% 65% 54% 86% 48% 47% 39% 77% 27% 61% 50% 54% 53% 60% 45% 39% 54% 55% 54% 40% 60% 46% 61% 35% 60% 43% 55% 75% 56% 57% 55% 66% 46% 64% 38% 9% 0% White 39% 46% 45% 27% 40% 33% 48% 48% 32% 43% 35% 51% 27% 43% 39% 32% 38% 37% 31% 47% 39% 40% 38% 36% 31% 53% 26% 42% 30% 43% 47% 47% 39% 40% 37% 35% 36% 47% 46% 47% 36% 55% 46% 33% 43% 31% 32% 48% 49% 44% 39% 42% 50% 41% 47% 35% HH Below AT –Age Percent Seniors 46% 37% 43% 34% 43% 27% 41% 48% 25% 42% 36% 55% 26% 43% 44% 32% 45% 31% 27% 41% 42% 33% 30% 34% 31% 54% 30% 49% 26% 33% 42% 47% 45% 45% 42% 41% 38% 38% 48% 47% 40% 51% 42% 36% 38% 27% 33% 31% 56% 42% 23% 45% 47% 36% 47% 37% HH Under65Years ALICE Threshold– $35,000 $40,000 $45,000 $45,000 $40,000 $45,000 $40,000 $45,000 $45,000 $40,000 $45,000 $40,000 $40,000 $40,000 $50,000 $50,000 $45,000 $40,000 $40,000 $45,000 $35,000 $45,000 $40,000 $50,000 $30,000 $50,000 $50,000 $45,000 $40,000 $35,000 $40,000 $45,000 $40,000 $45,000 $35,000 $50,000 $40,000 $40,000 $40,000 $35,000 $50,000 $45,000 $40,000 $45,000 $40,000 $45,000 $40,000 $45,000 $35,000 $50,000 $45,000 $40,000 $45,000 $40,000 $45,000 $45,000 ALICE Threshold ALICE Threshold–HH 65 Years andOver $25,000 $25,000 $30,000 $35,000 $30,000 $25,000 $30,000 $30,000 $25,000 $30,000 $35,000 $30,000 $30,000 $30,000 $30,000 $35,000 $30,000 $25,000 $25,000 $30,000 $30,000 $30,000 $25,000 $30,000 $25,000 $30,000 $35,000 $35,000 $25,000 $25,000 $30,000 $30,000 $30,000 $35,000 $30,000 $35,000 $30,000 $25,000 $30,000 $30,000 $35,000 $30,000 $30,000 $30,000 $25,000 $25,000 $30,000 $25,000 $30,000 $30,000 $25,000 $30,000 $30,000 $25,000 $30,000 $30,000 Source: American CommunitySurvey, 2015,1-yearestimates Key dataand ALICE statisticsforthestate’s 14congressionaldistricts(114 budget ineachcountyMichigan,andtoshowhowmanyhouseholdsarestrugglingafford it. The UnitedWay ALICE Reportusesstandardizedmeasurements toquantifythecostofabasichousehold care, healthandtransportation. individuals andfamilieswhoareworking,butunabletoafford thebasicnecessitiesofhousing,food,child ALICE, anacronymfor AssetLimited,IncomeConstrained, MICHIGAN CONGRESSIONALDISTRICTS KEY FACTS ANDALICESTATISTICS FOR Districts for District 14 Congressional District 13 Congressional District 12 Congressional District 11 Congressional District 10 Congressional District 9 Congressional District 8 Congressional District 7 Congressional District 6 Congressional District 5 Congressional District 4 Congressional District 3 Congressional District 2 Congressional District 1 Congressional Congress the 114 th

Population 695,410 679,235 708,020 720,585 715,535 717,641 728,781 697,627 713,644 682,716 701,635 730,423 731,188 700,136 Households 269,367 258,660 274,068 280,995 276,435 298,469 277,217 265,607 279,199 277,003 268,340 273,074 270,589 289,509 Poverty 23% 29% 15% 10% 12% 12% 14% 19% 15% 13% 12% 14% 11% 7% % ALICE 27% 32% 25% 18% 23% 28% 23% 21% 25% 22% 24% 25% 22% 26% % Threshold Above ALICE 50% 39% 60% 75% 67% 60% 65% 68% 61% 59% 61% 62% 66% 60% % Unemployment Employed, representsthegrowingnumberof 12.8% 14.6% Rate 6.5% 4.2% 6.0% 6.7% 5.9% 5.4% 6.6% 9.5% 6.6% 6.2% 5.4% 6.7% Insurance Coverage Health th 92% 91% 94% 95% 94% 94% 95% 95% 94% 94% 93% 94% 95% 94% % Congress)arepresentedbelow. Over 30% Housing Burden: Owner 26% 28% 21% 19% 20% 22% 20% 20% 19% 24% 20% 19% 19% 21% Over 30% Housing Burden: Renter 53% 54% 45% 37% 48% 45% 46% 43% 41% 46% 45% 46% 44% 41% Community American Estimate Source, Survey 1-Year 1-Year 1-Year 1-Year 1-Year 1-Year 1-Year 1-Year 1-Year 1-Year 1-Year 1-Year 1-Year 1-Year

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit IV UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit V 4-year-olds enrolledinpreschool, healthinsurancecoveragerate,andpercentof theadultpopulationwhovoted. the shortandlongterms. The threekeyindicatorsfortheCommunityResourcesIndexarepercentof3-and Collective resourcesinalocationcanalsomakedifference inthefinancialstabilityof ALICEhouseholdsinboth The CommunityResourcesIndex income forthelowesttwoquintiles,unemployment rate,andtheaveragewagefornewhires. three keyindicatorsfortheJobOpportunitiesIndexare incomedistributionasmeasuredbytheshareof The morejobopportunitiesthereareinacounty, themorelikelyahouseholdistobefinanciallystable. The The JobOpportunitiesIndex for theHousing Affordability Indexaretheaffordable housinggap,theburden,andrealestatetaxes. The moreaffordable acounty, theeasieritisforahouseholdtobefinanciallystable. Thethreekeyindicators The HousingAffordabilityIndex ECONOMIC VIABILITYDASHBOARD Source: American CommunitySurvey, U.S.Census,and BureauofLaborStatistics(BLS),2015 are presentedfor2010and2015. state. These indicesareusedonlyforcomparisonwithinthestate,nottootherstates. Scores not necessarilymeanthatconditionsareverygood;itmeanstheybetterthaninothercountiesthe Each county’s scoreisrelativetoothercounties inMichiganandcomparedtoprioryears. A scoreof100does Community ResourcesIndex.Indexscoresrangefrom1to100,withhigherreflectingbetterconditions. that mattermostto ALICE households–theHousing Affordability Index,theJobOpportunitiesand The EconomicViability Dashboardiscomposedofthreeindicesthatevaluatethelocaleconomicconditions budget ineachcountyMichigan,andtoshowhowmanyhouseholdsarestrugglingafford it. The UnitedWay ALICE Reportusesstandardizedmeasurements toquantifythecostofabasichousehold care, healthandtransportation. individuals andfamilieswhoareworking,butunabletoafford thebasicnecessitiesofhousing,food,child ALICE, anacronymfor AssetLimited,IncomeConstrained, THE ECONOMICVIABILITYDASHBOARD Key Indicators:EducationResources+Health +SocialCapital Key Indicators:IncomeDistribution+UnemploymentRateNewHireW Key Indicators: Affordable HousingGap+BurdenRealEstateTaxes Employed, representsthegrowingnumberof ages 1 =worse,100better Economic ViabilityDashboard,Michigan,2010and 2015 Kent Kalkaska Kalamazoo Jackson Isabella Iron Iosco Ionia Ingham Huron Houghton Hillsdale Gratiot Grand Traverse Gogebic Gladwin Genesee Emmet Eaton Dickinson Delta Crawford Clinton Clare Chippewa Cheboygan Charlevoix Cass Calhoun Branch Berrien Benzie Bay Barry Baraga Arenac Antrim Alpena Allegan Alger Alcona County Housing Affordability 2015 60 68 57 65 51 64 73 65 49 71 65 66 66 45 74 65 58 58 62 73 69 60 68 61 68 64 61 66 57 70 64 67 69 66 70 67 61 63 74 68 68 2010 31 57 25 43 15 67 55 45 63 50 58 52 32 63 52 29 40 37 61 55 56 50 58 57 57 46 59 41 56 46 52 58 53 64 60 50 58 42 60 63 11 Job Opportunities 2015 68 70 58 64 40 62 50 58 49 64 50 59 59 73 50 53 54 59 78 62 51 58 71 43 47 42 63 61 68 63 54 76 63 71 50 57 50 58 85 57 47 2010 58 56 43 37 32 59 29 53 39 58 45 56 51 43 53 34 28 57 61 59 45 43 65 38 42 28 49 66 56 56 47 57 54 64 62 46 41 48 64 50 48 Community Resources 2015 54 49 55 52 39 53 51 46 47 58 42 49 45 65 44 51 52 57 56 49 58 57 58 44 47 62 65 38 48 43 51 50 63 53 43 55 61 54 54 50 58 2010 54 36 51 56 45 42 49 53 48 63 43 47 41 54 42 54 50 52 54 56 60 42 60 43 55 54 56 41 49 45 52 54 50 55 45 42 68 63 51 47 44

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit V UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit V 1 =worse,100better Economic ViabilityDashboard,Michigan,2010and 2015 Wexford Wayne Washtenaw Van Buren Tuscola Shiawassee Schoolcraft Sanilac St. Joseph St. Clair Saginaw Roscommon Presque Isle Ottawa Otsego Oscoda Osceola Ontonagon Ogemaw Oceana Oakland Newaygo Muskegon Montmorency Montcalm Monroe Missaukee Midland Menominee Mecosta Mason Marquette Manistee Macomb Mackinac Luce Livingston Lenawee Leelanau Lapeer Lake Keweenaw County Housing Affordability 2015 66 47 34 64 67 72 71 69 69 65 63 54 73 67 69 69 69 71 62 65 47 66 68 68 65 64 70 67 68 61 49 67 67 53 62 76 55 58 51 68 61 66 2010 46 14 48 58 55 68 57 58 36 43 45 70 41 60 60 60 75 50 57 18 55 45 59 48 40 59 45 68 42 55 62 54 26 63 67 38 43 42 51 57 81 6 Job Opportunities 2015 59 50 62 62 62 76 48 61 66 65 52 38 53 78 57 55 65 47 46 66 74 59 58 58 62 72 60 65 53 45 53 66 54 73 49 51 76 76 66 71 45 52 2010 46 34 54 52 52 65 50 44 50 38 44 45 51 63 52 42 66 48 35 65 54 56 40 49 46 54 61 61 56 34 51 53 49 52 49 53 62 52 57 56 42 46 Community Resources 2015 49 50 62 45 53 57 53 51 39 64 61 63 55 50 57 44 48 57 50 51 65 55 45 52 49 54 52 59 49 47 53 47 50 54 54 47 64 41 79 49 45 71 2010 47 49 61 48 55 63 43 52 41 56 58 52 45 57 51 35 49 36 44 49 64 50 49 31 50 47 37 66 52 40 54 51 61 51 49 25 60 45 80 50 42 39 Key FactsandALICEStatisticsforMichiganMunicipalities in 2014,thereareno3-yearestimates. Source: American CommunitySurvey, 2015;townswith populationsover65,000use1-yearestimates;under5-yearestimates.Starting Key dataand ALICE statisticsforthestate’s municipalitiesarepresentedhere. below the ALICE Threshold inMichigan. the extentoflocalvariationisanimportantaspectunderstandingchallengesfacinghouseholdsearning budget ineachcountyMichigan,andtoshowhowmanyhouseholdsarestrugglingafford it.Knowing The UnitedWay ALICE Reportusesstandardizedmeasurements toquantifythecostofabasichousehold care, healthandtransportation. individuals andfamilieswhoareworking,butunabletoafford thebasicnecessitiesofhousing,food,child ALICE, anacronymfor AssetLimited,IncomeConstrained, FOR MICHIGANMUNICIPALITIES KEY FACTS ANDALICESTATISTICS Alcona Township, Alcona County Caledonia Township, Alcona County Curtis Township, Alcona County Greenbush Township, Alcona County Gustin Township, Alcona County Harrisville City, Alcona County Harrisville Township, Alcona County Hawes Township, Alcona County Haynes Township, Alcona County Mikado Township, Alcona County Millen Township, Alcona County Mitchell Township, Alcona County Au Train Township, Alger County Burt Township, Alger County Limestone Township, Alger County Mathias Township, Alger County Munising City, Alger County Munising Township, Alger County Onota Township, Alger County Rock RiverTownship, Alger County Allegan City, Allegan County Allegan Township, Allegan County Casco Township, Allegan County Cheshire Township, Allegan County Clyde Township, Allegan County Dorr Township, Allegan County Douglas City, Allegan County Fennville City, Allegan County Municipality byCounty Population 1,036 1,075 1,170 1,468 1,284 1,078 1,033 2,303 2,970 1,506 5,036 4,452 2,895 2,004 1,959 7,546 1,777 1,113 686 380 968 718 326 361 441 422 469 263 Households 2,071 1,659 1,048 2,418 521 501 577 709 329 194 573 459 341 435 171 191 494 192 155 194 909 786 142 576 803 733 537 571 Poverty % 13% 17% 14% 20% 28% 14% 17% 19% 27% 12% 15% 20% 13% 16% 14% 18% 17% 13% 16% 21% 34% 11% 11% 8% 8% 7% 8% 9% ALICE % 22% 26% 34% 20% 23% 35% 29% 27% 23% 28% 29% 31% 33% 41% 33% 39% 41% 33% 30% 32% 35% 30% 22% 23% 37% 21% 37% 28% Threshold % Above ALICE 70% 61% 49% 66% 57% 37% 57% 56% 69% 53% 44% 58% 55% 44% 47% 48% 43% 53% 52% 57% 48% 63% 65% 61% 42% 71% 54% 38% Employed, representsthegrowingnumberof Unemployment 14.5% 19.4% 14.7% 14.9% 15.6% 28.3% 15.8% 16.5% 14.8% 10.8% 13.1% 11.8% 4.2% 6.2% 6.7% 9.3% 5.4% 9.1% 8.1% 7.3% 8.4% 6.8% 8.2% 5.1% 5.8% 5.8% 4.5% 6.2% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 94% 90% 89% 91% 86% 93% 90% 89% 96% 85% 74% 89% 93% 88% 82% 84% 83% 89% 89% 93% 91% 93% 85% 91% 81% 94% 89% 83% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 18% 23% 30% 22% 19% 27% 29% 28% 26% 26% 27% 35% 33% 39% 28% 24% 20% 30% 21% 14% 17% 26% 16% 22% 15% 42% 36% 8% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 72% 31% 57% 41% 31% 42% 42% 33% 72% 55% 30% 63% 42% 63% 50% 24% 46% 13% 19% 49% 56% 23% 25% 38% 0% 7% 0% 8% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI Key FactsandALICEStatisticsforMichiganMunicipalities Gun PlainTownship, Allegan County Ganges Township, Allegan County Fillmore Township, Allegan County Heath Township, Allegan County Hopkins Township, Allegan County Holland City, Allegan County Lee Township, Allegan County Laketown Township, Allegan County Leighton Township, Allegan County Chestonia Township, Antrim County Custer Township, Antrim County Manlius Township, Allegan County Echo Township, Antrim County Otsego City, Allegan County Monterey Township, Allegan County Martin Township, Allegan County Forest HomeTownship, Antrim County Elk RapidsTownship, Antrim County Overisel Township, Allegan County Otsego Township, Allegan County Mancelona Township, Antrim County Kearney Township, Antrim County Jordan Township, Antrim County Helena Township, Antrim County Milton Township, Antrim County Salem Township, Allegan County Plainwell City, Allegan County Star Township, Antrim County Torch LakeTownship, Antrim County Alpena Township, Alpena County Alpena City, Alpena County Wayland Township, Allegan County Wayland City, Allegan County Watson Township, Allegan County Valley Township, Allegan County Trowbridge Township, Allegan County Saugatuck Township, Allegan County Saugatuck City, Allegan County Green Township, Alpena County Long RapidsTownship, Alpena County Warner Township, Antrim County Adams Township, Arenac County Maple RidgeTownship, Alpena County Central LakeTownship, Antrim County Banks Township, Antrim County Wilson Township, Alpena County Wellington Township, Alpena County Sanborn Township, Alpena County Ossineke Township, Alpena County Municipality byCounty Population 10,273 5,952 2,576 2,708 3,371 2,649 7,033 4,009 5,600 5,176 1,074 3,043 3,975 2,373 2,647 1,748 2,596 2,955 5,636 4,327 1,812 2,320 4,589 3,810 8,944 3,138 4,109 2,270 2,067 2,506 3,021 1,146 1,683 1,995 1,636 1,886 2,104 1,795 1,112 526 929 984 930 927 842 975 351 577 262 Households 2,147 1,077 1,128 2,665 1,301 1,761 1,120 1,729 1,256 2,069 1,592 1,535 1,628 4,051 4,499 1,230 1,434 1,051 1,239 2,311 964 927 223 487 369 832 922 804 974 706 354 448 907 370 553 782 793 434 485 435 121 220 707 874 625 833 861 737 114 Poverty % 10% 15% 18% 23% 12% 14% 13% 16% 10% 22% 19% 12% 15% 20% 12% 14% 25% 10% 12% 12% 10% 13% 12% 21% 12% 17% 10% 12% 12% 16% 12% 15% 19% 11% 11% 11% 9% 9% 5% 7% 7% 8% 9% 6% 5% 5% 5% 3% 9% ALICE % 29% 22% 17% 20% 32% 18% 31% 31% 42% 16% 31% 25% 20% 23% 31% 24% 40% 28% 28% 33% 22% 31% 19% 21% 28% 22% 37% 16% 23% 21% 21% 38% 23% 27% 25% 18% 17% 16% 20% 28% 30% 22% 22% 30% 31% 13% 24% 26% 21% Threshold % Above ALICE 61% 63% 74% 71% 50% 77% 62% 46% 46% 77% 61% 66% 66% 64% 58% 60% 49% 62% 66% 45% 59% 57% 66% 74% 52% 73% 51% 79% 63% 54% 69% 50% 65% 63% 62% 70% 62% 72% 77% 55% 60% 67% 69% 58% 57% 71% 64% 59% 60% Unemployment 22.3% 15.4% 12.7% 10.6% 14.7% 10.8% 12.1% 11.7% 11.3% 11.4% 4.4% 3.3% 6.9% 2.7% 6.5% 2.8% 6.8% 5.8% 8.3% 4.6% 8.1% 5.5% 9.6% 6.2% 9.5% 8.3% 7.3% 9.8% 9.4% 1.7% 7.5% 1.6% 9.2% 2.0% 5.5% 7.5% 4.2% 3.8% 3.3% 7.4% 9.4% 1.1% 6.7% 7.3% 9.8% 6.2% 5.1% 8.4% 5.9% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 89% 96% 93% 96% 88% 94% 94% 82% 89% 76% 92% 88% 96% 91% 85% 88% 91% 95% 93% 95% 84% 86% 94% 85% 93% 87% 92% 87% 93% 88% 94% 94% 85% 91% 90% 94% 93% 89% 90% 94% 87% 91% 89% 87% 89% 89% 88% 84% 86% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 27% 20% 16% 17% 32% 19% 22% 25% 28% 35% 12% 27% 27% 25% 24% 24% 29% 26% 22% 23% 31% 21% 39% 28% 15% 15% 27% 26% 20% 19% 29% 15% 25% 32% 15% 16% 38% 20% 21% 29% 29% 19% 31% 21% 28% 18% 31% 27% 30% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 17% 38% 24% 43% 36% 32% 26% 37% 33% 51% 41% 65% 19% 18% 22% 48% 32% 49% 23% 44% 68% 21% 63% 24% 43% 44% 30% 54% 50% 25% 49% 29% 44% 24% 22% 38% 39% 19% 67% 30% 30% 34% 48% 38% 29% 32% 0% 0% 0% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year Arenac Township, Arenac County Au GresCity, Arenac County Au GresTownship, Arenac County Clayton Township, Arenac County Deep RiverTownship, Arenac County Lincoln Township, Arenac County Mason Township, Arenac County Moffatt Township, Arenac County Omer City, Arenac County Sims Township, Arenac County Standish City, Arenac County Standish Township, Arenac County Turner Township, Arenac County Whitney Township, Arenac County Arvon Township, BaragaCounty Baraga Township, BaragaCounty Covington Township, BaragaCounty L'Anse Township, BaragaCounty Assyria Township, BarryCounty Auburn City, BayCounty Baltimore Township, BarryCounty Bangor CharterTownship, BayCounty Bay City, BayCounty Barry Township, BarryCounty Beaver Township, BayCounty Carlton Township, BarryCounty Essexville City, BayCounty Castleton Township, BarryCounty County Hastings CharterTownship, Barry Hastings City, BarryCounty Hope Township, BarryCounty Irving Township, BarryCounty Frankenlust Township, BayCounty Johnstown Township, BarryCounty Fraser Township, BayCounty Garfield Township, BayCounty Maple GroveTownship, BarryCounty Gibson Township, BayCounty County Hampton CharterTownship, Bay Kawkawlin Township, BayCounty Orangeville Township, BarryCounty Merritt Township, BayCounty Prairieville Township, BarryCounty Monitor CharterTownship, BayCounty County Rutland CharterTownship, Barry Mount ForestTownship, BayCounty Thornapple Township, BarryCounty Woodland Township, BarryCounty County Yankee SpringsTownship, Barry Municipality byCounty Population 14,468 34,402 10,658 1,061 2,063 1,030 1,701 1,668 4,103 3,724 1,979 2,175 2,166 3,389 2,873 2,403 3,432 3,456 2,954 7,304 3,228 3,249 3,563 3,018 3,167 1,677 1,399 1,306 9,545 4,786 3,318 1,234 3,393 3,974 1,475 7,882 1,962 4,073 919 832 935 937 919 993 315 481 993 282 383 Households 14,139 1,674 6,044 1,448 1,028 1,403 1,327 1,059 3,042 1,382 1,160 1,427 1,287 1,315 4,181 1,956 1,276 1,238 4,263 1,438 2,813 1,614 362 423 425 386 831 371 341 457 133 470 651 705 220 452 153 882 173 787 954 808 885 663 536 447 521 561 736 Poverty % 20% 25% 16% 16% 17% 22% 26% 14% 10% 15% 32% 12% 20% 12% 22% 15% 15% 21% 17% 14% 21% 10% 17% 12% 16% 11% 11% 3% 5% 6% 9% 7% 5% 5% 8% 7% 7% 5% 9% 7% 9% 7% 5% 8% 2% 9% 7% 9% 9% ALICE % 28% 35% 24% 36% 31% 20% 28% 21% 34% 25% 28% 26% 32% 30% 37% 35% 34% 38% 19% 29% 23% 23% 27% 28% 30% 21% 17% 35% 28% 31% 28% 17% 17% 12% 16% 25% 19% 20% 26% 26% 17% 23% 14% 16% 17% 27% 25% 25% 27% Threshold % Above ALICE 52% 40% 60% 48% 52% 58% 46% 65% 56% 60% 40% 62% 48% 59% 51% 43% 63% 47% 72% 66% 71% 62% 64% 51% 63% 74% 78% 48% 58% 48% 62% 75% 76% 81% 67% 70% 72% 68% 58% 67% 72% 68% 79% 79% 75% 71% 66% 68% 64% Unemployment 13.2% 16.4% 17.2% 10.1% 10.1% 18.1% 13.6% 17.3% 13.1% 10.2% 13.8% 10.6% 12.4% 10.5% 12.3% 13.3% 10.4% 10.5% 10.4% 10.0% 6.8% 6.6% 7.3% 7.1% 1.4% 9.3% 7.4% 8.2% 9.2% 3.5% 8.3% 4.8% 8.0% 7.8% 7.8% 6.7% 4.8% 7.3% 9.1% 7.3% 7.7% 9.8% 7.3% 8.1% 6.0% 5.7% 4.3% 4.2% 6.7% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 91% 92% 91% 81% 91% 91% 88% 92% 84% 92% 88% 91% 85% 90% 95% 89% 93% 93% 95% 90% 93% 90% 86% 90% 89% 91% 93% 89% 89% 92% 92% 92% 94% 96% 95% 95% 93% 89% 92% 91% 94% 89% 94% 90% 95% 96% 92% 96% 92% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 33% 22% 26% 28% 25% 30% 37% 25% 30% 21% 33% 21% 29% 22% 24% 31% 18% 20% 27% 24% 13% 22% 21% 26% 26% 28% 19% 29% 15% 20% 30% 21% 29% 20% 27% 17% 23% 25% 20% 21% 18% 17% 25% 23% 16% 10% 24% 22% 21% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 47% 44% 46% 56% 26% 25% 43% 33% 36% 62% 42% 47% 71% 63% 51% 71% 36% 53% 49% 28% 63% 53% 51% 20% 37% 15% 50% 41% 44% 25% 48% 33% 35% 12% 23% 27% 53% 43% 54% 41% 78% 13% 24% 34% 18% 50% 58% 35% 0% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI Key FactsandALICEStatisticsforMichiganMunicipalities Pinconning City, BayCounty Pinconning Township, BayCounty County Portsmouth CharterTownship, Bay County Williams CharterTownship, Bay Almira Township, BenzieCounty Benzonia Township, BenzieCounty Niles Township, BerrienCounty Niles City, BerrienCounty County Oronoko CharterTownship, Berrien Royalton Township, BerrienCounty Pipestone Township, BerrienCounty Blaine Township, BenzieCounty Colfax Township, BenzieCounty Crystal LakeTownship, BenzieCounty Sodus Township, BerrienCounty Gilmore Township, BenzieCounty Frankfort City, BenzieCounty County St. JosephCharterTownship, Berrien Homestead Township, BenzieCounty St. JosephCity, BerrienCounty Inland Township, BenzieCounty Watervliet Township, BerrienCounty Watervliet City, Berrien County Three OaksTownship, BerrienCounty Joyfield Township, BenzieCounty Lake Township, BenzieCounty Platte Township, BenzieCounty Weldon Township, BenzieCounty Bainbridge Township, BerrienCounty Baroda Township, BerrienCounty County Benton CharterTownship, Berrien Benton HarborCity, BerrienCounty Bertrand Township, BerrienCounty Berrien Township, BerrienCounty Bridgman City, BerrienCounty Buchanan Township, BerrienCounty Buchanan City, BerrienCounty Chikaming Township, BerrienCounty County Coloma CharterTownship, Berrien Coloma City, BerrienCounty Hagar Township, BerrienCounty Galien Township, BerrienCounty Lake CharterTownship, Berrien County County Lincoln CharterTownship, Berrien New BuffaloTownship, BerrienCounty New BuffaloCity, BerrienCounty Municipality byCounty Population 14,008 14,565 10,014 14,591 11,450 1,348 2,352 3,263 4,841 3,627 2,736 9,151 4,772 2,508 1,134 1,828 1,396 9,953 2,288 1,866 3,083 1,773 2,542 2,823 2,767 2,630 5,039 1,997 3,510 4,401 3,095 4,993 1,600 3,638 1,504 2,948 2,430 1,893 8,311 496 712 755 808 662 323 634 Households 1,351 1,768 1,446 1,020 1,044 4,567 5,276 2,312 1,548 4,094 4,013 1,243 1,063 1,062 1,181 5,606 3,902 1,016 1,724 1,295 2,027 1,442 2,045 1,535 1,218 6,006 567 914 862 239 261 497 833 322 578 945 839 638 313 355 153 233 872 627 593 823 Poverty % 23% 14% 27% 16% 21% 14% 13% 18% 16% 20% 15% 13% 14% 23% 30% 48% 14% 12% 19% 13% 12% 12% 14% 12% 11% 11% 11% 11% 6% 7% 6% 6% 7% 9% 9% 4% 9% 8% 8% 7% 6% 7% 6% 6% 5% 6% ALICE % 33% 20% 20% 17% 27% 17% 27% 22% 24% 14% 23% 17% 22% 28% 31% 23% 26% 17% 29% 25% 25% 29% 30% 33% 28% 16% 39% 29% 19% 30% 28% 29% 12% 16% 30% 21% 25% 17% 16% 28% 25% 23% 22% 18% 27% 9% Threshold % Above ALICE 44% 66% 74% 76% 67% 72% 46% 62% 55% 72% 66% 70% 60% 85% 65% 53% 68% 65% 79% 60% 66% 55% 56% 57% 59% 58% 76% 54% 48% 75% 63% 42% 23% 74% 78% 59% 67% 56% 70% 78% 60% 63% 63% 73% 76% 61% Unemployment 14.0% 10.3% 14.3% 10.0% 12.0% 10.4% 15.5% 10.5% 13.6% 15.9% 12.0% 13.5% 23.9% 12.3% 12.1% 10.7% 11.5% 11.4% 11.1% 2.7% 8.3% 8.3% 9.0% 9.6% 3.9% 8.3% 6.3% 5.2% 8.9% 8.3% 4.2% 5.1% 5.7% 8.9% 7.6% 9.3% 5.3% 8.5% 5.8% 7.9% 3.2% 7.7% 5.2% 3.5% 6.2% 6.6% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 87% 93% 92% 91% 90% 90% 88% 89% 83% 90% 85% 92% 82% 94% 95% 88% 88% 89% 95% 80% 88% 88% 92% 84% 94% 91% 98% 85% 80% 87% 90% 84% 85% 84% 91% 90% 87% 87% 86% 92% 90% 89% 89% 96% 95% 86% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 21% 21% 16% 21% 23% 31% 25% 19% 27% 25% 25% 23% 32% 20% 17% 25% 18% 26% 19% 30% 19% 24% 19% 27% 29% 27% 29% 29% 28% 15% 27% 25% 40% 21% 18% 31% 19% 21% 22% 19% 21% 22% 21% 19% 18% 26% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 64% 58% 17% 19% 14% 42% 53% 49% 49% 33% 27% 55% 18% 30% 65% 42% 35% 25% 32% 32% 29% 42% 43% 60% 68% 53% 42% 29% 50% 18% 33% 56% 64% 53% 60% 46% 50% 45% 33% 55% 33% 52% 26% 33% 68% 5% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year Weesaw Township, BerrienCounty Algansee Township, BranchCounty Batavia Township, BranchCounty Bethel Township, BranchCounty Bronson City, BranchCounty Bronson Township, BranchCounty Butler Township, BranchCounty California Township, BranchCounty Coldwater City, BranchCounty Coldwater Township, BranchCounty Marshall City, CalhounCounty Marshall Township, CalhounCounty Gilead Township, BranchCounty Girard Township, BranchCounty Kinderhook Township, BranchCounty Newton Township, CalhounCounty Matteson Township, BranchCounty Noble Township, BranchCounty County Pennfield Charter Township, Calhoun Sheridan Township, CalhounCounty Springfield City, CalhounCounty Tekonsha Township, CalhounCounty Calvin Township, CassCounty Dowagiac City, CassCounty Howard Township, CassCounty Jefferson Township, CassCounty Ovid Township, BranchCounty Quincy Township, BranchCounty Sherwood Township, BranchCounty Union Township, BranchCounty Albion City, CalhounCounty Albion Township, CalhounCounty Athens Township, CalhounCounty Battle CreekCity, CalhounCounty Lagrange Township, CassCounty Marcellus Township, CassCounty Mason Township, CassCounty Milton Township, Cass County County Bedford CharterTownship, Calhoun Burlington Township, CalhounCounty Clarence Township, CalhounCounty Clarendon Township, CalhounCounty Convis Township, CalhounCounty Eckford Township, CalhounCounty Fredonia Township, CalhounCounty County Emmett CharterTownship, Calhoun Homer Township, CalhounCounty Lee Township, CalhounCounty Leroy Township, CalhounCounty Marengo Township, CalhounCounty Municipality byCounty Population 10,866 51,830 11,669 1,748 1,980 1,353 1,277 2,437 1,270 1,323 1,093 4,875 7,038 3,103 1,909 1,415 2,541 8,932 2,064 5,216 1,620 1,749 5,866 6,169 2,532 2,273 4,260 2,152 2,848 8,316 2,522 3,456 2,458 2,916 3,866 9,377 1,946 2,054 1,271 1,546 1,422 1,510 2,970 3,696 2,274 1,119 1,011 694 562 862 Households 20,629 4,079 1,158 3,074 1,204 3,686 1,994 2,187 2,524 1,670 1,178 2,894 1,398 1,449 3,736 4,704 1,086 1,438 724 669 518 487 854 490 447 329 266 787 658 914 444 190 723 609 700 906 994 804 373 884 997 687 822 400 607 525 615 356 863 911 Poverty % 16% 17% 25% 12% 16% 24% 19% 10% 17% 12% 14% 14% 20% 25% 21% 15% 33% 10% 12% 14% 15% 13% 28% 14% 21% 13% 12% 21% 10% 14% 14% 14% 10% 19% 11% 11% 11% 9% 9% 8% 3% 7% 6% 8% 4% 8% 3% 9% 7% 8% ALICE % 28% 27% 33% 24% 34% 27% 34% 36% 37% 25% 35% 25% 26% 19% 23% 23% 15% 26% 22% 27% 15% 29% 37% 27% 21% 19% 30% 22% 33% 33% 29% 23% 20% 33% 28% 29% 26% 22% 28% 20% 20% 17% 20% 21% 24% 21% 27% 21% 16% 21% Threshold % Above ALICE 63% 57% 58% 59% 41% 61% 50% 40% 44% 71% 65% 57% 58% 62% 78% 70% 63% 74% 60% 58% 48% 64% 56% 30% 63% 73% 69% 56% 63% 54% 39% 57% 69% 69% 46% 59% 59% 53% 68% 68% 72% 69% 69% 66% 65% 73% 69% 54% 70% 77% Unemployment 10.0% 12.1% 12.2% 16.2% 20.2% 13.3% 10.0% 13.1% 10.8% 12.1% 15.4% 10.6% 11.5% 11.7% 11.5% 8.3% 7.1% 7.3% 3.7% 8.0% 8.8% 8.1% 4.9% 4.2% 3.0% 6.0% 2.6% 4.1% 6.3% 5.3% 5.3% 8.6% 8.6% 7.3% 5.1% 4.0% 3.0% 7.9% 8.9% 4.5% 8.5% 7.7% 9.2% 7.2% 6.0% 7.3% 5.9% 2.2% 9.6% 4.1% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 87% 74% 92% 84% 84% 92% 79% 63% 90% 93% 91% 92% 92% 94% 97% 91% 91% 91% 93% 89% 84% 90% 93% 84% 90% 87% 95% 89% 88% 92% 89% 94% 89% 92% 86% 91% 80% 90% 89% 92% 90% 91% 89% 92% 89% 92% 94% 88% 90% 91% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 22% 23% 23% 14% 20% 21% 23% 37% 21% 24% 31% 21% 26% 25% 18% 17% 26% 26% 19% 30% 23% 23% 34% 39% 18% 14% 22% 18% 20% 21% 23% 29% 24% 28% 34% 28% 24% 27% 21% 23% 22% 25% 27% 28% 20% 25% 18% 19% 26% 16% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 26% 47% 35% 27% 47% 29% 50% 41% 49% 41% 30% 37% 28% 40% 45% 36% 43% 55% 63% 43% 43% 56% 73% 58% 40% 23% 38% 38% 31% 61% 38% 33% 28% 40% 31% 19% 52% 23% 17% 26% 50% 61% 29% 40% 33% 22% 48% 69% 66% 6% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI Key FactsandALICEStatisticsforMichiganMunicipalities Pokagon Township, CassCounty Penn Township, CassCounty Ontwa Township, CassCounty Newberg Township, CassCounty Silver CreekTownship, CassCounty Porter Township, CassCounty Volinia Township, CassCounty Koehler Township, CheboyganCounty County Inverness Township, Cheboygan County Mackinaw Township, Cheboygan Bay Township, CharlevoixCounty Wayne Township, CassCounty Mentor Township, CheboyganCounty Munro Township, Cheboygan County Mullett Township, CheboyganCounty County Boyne Valley Township, Charlevoix Boyne City, CharlevoixCounty Nunda Township, CheboyganCounty County Tuscarora Township, Cheboygan Walker Township, CheboyganCounty Waverly Township, CheboyganCounty County Charlevoix Township, Charlevoix Charlevoix City, CharlevoixCounty Chandler Township, CharlevoixCounty East JordanCity, CharlevoixCounty County Evangeline Township, Charlevoix Eveline Township, CharlevoixCounty Hayes Township, CharlevoixCounty Marion Township, CharlevoixCounty Hudson Township, CharlevoixCounty Melrose Township, CharlevoixCounty Norwood Township, CharlevoixCounty Peaine Township, CharlevoixCounty County South Arm Township, Charlevoix County St. JamesTownship, Charlevoix Wilson Township, CharlevoixCounty Aloha Township, CheboyganCounty County Beaugrand Township, Cheboygan Benton Township, CheboyganCounty Burt Township, CheboyganCounty Cheboygan City, CheboyganCounty Ellis Township, CheboyganCounty Forest Township, CheboyganCounty Grant Township, CheboyganCounty Hebron Township, CheboyganCounty Municipality byCounty Population 2,198 1,994 6,531 1,488 3,188 3,795 1,120 1,135 2,300 1,231 2,626 1,249 1,369 3,766 3,001 1,557 2,523 2,474 1,467 1,981 1,538 1,374 1,816 1,945 1,314 3,156 4,783 1,001 1,117 298 418 826 587 366 475 267 762 654 826 272 312 909 717 542 757 Households 2,477 1,277 1,574 1,001 1,071 1,628 1,391 1,333 1,448 1,959 880 753 596 428 439 210 493 362 304 533 536 483 222 607 959 325 639 771 629 257 513 320 128 668 141 735 418 534 370 227 451 344 116 115 112 Poverty % 14% 10% 10% 14% 18% 19% 19% 10% 13% 13% 15% 18% 16% 22% 14% 18% 14% 15% 17% 12% 14% 13% 32% 16% 21% 11% 11% 11% 11% 8% 9% 9% 2% 8% 7% 9% 6% 8% 6% 8% 5% 9% 9% 9% 7% ALICE % 21% 28% 27% 38% 20% 26% 12% 16% 16% 26% 36% 37% 20% 17% 14% 29% 24% 23% 22% 25% 16% 26% 36% 21% 22% 40% 19% 23% 23% 21% 25% 33% 21% 19% 28% 38% 21% 24% 27% 21% 17% 29% 23% 30% 17% Threshold % Above ALICE 65% 62% 63% 54% 66% 65% 70% 65% 65% 65% 54% 61% 67% 70% 78% 56% 69% 59% 62% 53% 70% 65% 46% 65% 67% 45% 64% 71% 69% 67% 69% 56% 71% 76% 63% 53% 68% 65% 59% 66% 74% 39% 61% 49% 76% Unemployment 12.3% 10.9% 30.0% 13.8% 13.6% 26.5% 15.1% 10.7% 10.2% 16.5% 17.3% 12.9% 15.1% 19.8% 17.1% 11.0% 11.6% 6.4% 6.0% 5.9% 4.1% 9.4% 9.2% 8.2% 9.6% 5.0% 9.2% 9.6% 4.3% 6.6% 6.7% 5.0% 4.9% 7.4% 9.0% 6.9% 7.1% 9.0% 5.5% 9.7% 7.5% 9.2% 8.5% 6.6% 7.9% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 86% 88% 91% 88% 91% 94% 89% 88% 89% 88% 93% 90% 83% 86% 92% 90% 92% 83% 83% 92% 84% 90% 95% 97% 93% 85% 92% 93% 91% 87% 89% 86% 89% 87% 90% 93% 90% 92% 91% 85% 90% 86% 89% 86% 89% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 27% 22% 25% 29% 28% 19% 31% 18% 20% 25% 26% 19% 28% 27% 24% 28% 27% 33% 20% 23% 18% 22% 16% 32% 31% 24% 28% 29% 31% 22% 26% 31% 34% 26% 23% 42% 26% 25% 27% 22% 30% 33% 30% 17% 23% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 45% 48% 23% 14% 31% 33% 39% 48% 55% 23% 16% 51% 31% 30% 27% 52% 56% 35% 32% 31% 20% 46% 49% 30% 54% 25% 24% 29% 56% 34% 58% 38% 29% 80% 22% 36% 39% 20% 38% 20% 40% 35% 0% 0% ? Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year Wilmot Township, CheboyganCounty Bay MillsTownship, ChippewaCounty Bruce Township, ChippewaCounty Dafter Township, ChippewaCounty Detour Township, ChippewaCounty County Drummond Township, Chippewa Bengal Township, ClintonCounty County Kinross CharterTownship, Chippewa Pickford Township, ChippewaCounty Raber Township, ChippewaCounty Rudyard Township, ChippewaCounty Bingham Township, ClintonCounty Sault Ste.MarieCity, ChippewaCounty Soo Township, ChippewaCounty Dallas Township, ClintonCounty County Sugar IslandTownship, Chippewa Superior Township, ChippewaCounty County Trout LakeTownship, Chippewa Whitefish Township, ChippewaCounty Arthur Township, ClareCounty County Dewitt CharterTownship, Clinton Dewitt City, ClintonCounty Clare City, ClareCounty Franklin Township, ClareCounty Freeman Township, ClareCounty Frost Township, ClareCounty Garfield Township, ClareCounty Grant Township, ClareCounty Greenwood Township, ClareCounty Hamilton Township, ClareCounty Harrison City, ClareCounty Hatton Township, ClareCounty Hayes Township, ClareCounty Lincoln Township, ClareCounty Redding Township, ClareCounty Sheridan Township, ClareCounty Duplain Township, ClintonCounty Summerfield Township, ClareCounty Surrey Township, ClareCounty Winterfield Township, ClareCounty Bath CharterTownship, ClintonCounty Eagle Township, ClintonCounty East LansingCity, ClintonCounty Essex Township, Clinton County Greenbush Township, ClintonCounty Lebanon Township, ClintonCounty Olive Township, ClintonCounty Ovid Township, Clinton County Riley Township, ClintonCounty Municipality byCounty Population 14,048 14,599 11,952 1,593 2,185 1,321 1,126 1,198 7,661 1,926 2,888 3,157 2,260 1,203 4,631 3,042 1,001 1,990 3,247 1,147 1,899 4,639 1,940 1,444 2,315 3,558 2,720 2,142 1,857 2,097 2,524 3,828 2,262 1,211 2,011 739 721 627 670 402 475 716 744 997 952 409 496 478 678 Households 1,476 1,070 5,666 1,197 5,794 1,698 1,417 1,255 2,085 1,550 4,465 1,341 296 603 860 437 378 554 381 754 291 451 805 303 497 192 221 263 350 480 487 853 497 887 895 361 772 191 493 848 223 196 983 758 707 819 230 997 711 Poverty % 16% 16% 12% 17% 26% 12% 14% 24% 10% 10% 15% 14% 10% 36% 21% 16% 25% 19% 17% 16% 24% 34% 22% 26% 28% 32% 18% 26% 15% 22% 10% 11% 11% 11% 5% 7% 3% 3% 9% 5% 8% 4% 7% 9% 5% 8% 6% 7% 3% ALICE % 32% 25% 28% 21% 42% 18% 36% 26% 31% 38% 20% 27% 36% 26% 22% 24% 31% 36% 37% 22% 23% 19% 25% 29% 35% 28% 26% 19% 26% 36% 26% 17% 39% 30% 27% 23% 28% 39% 30% 28% 31% 17% 20% 25% 22% 17% 26% 14% 9% Threshold % Above ALICE 52% 59% 67% 68% 46% 65% 57% 48% 57% 48% 77% 70% 40% 65% 73% 66% 59% 49% 49% 70% 67% 70% 39% 50% 49% 47% 55% 64% 58% 40% 40% 61% 35% 42% 41% 73% 65% 43% 44% 57% 60% 86% 61% 72% 65% 72% 76% 63% 83% Unemployment 15.8% 14.9% 12.1% 16.1% 18.3% 15.0% 19.9% 12.5% 25.1% 18.8% 15.1% 17.3% 16.7% 15.3% 17.5% 14.5% 10.6% 17.0% 26.4% 28.8% 11.7% 11.8% 11.5% 11.0% 11.2% 11.8% 4.1% 7.6% 9.5% 4.1% 9.3% 8.4% 9.2% 8.4% 4.3% 5.8% 9.0% 7.4% 1.6% 3.7% 1.4% 4.3% 3.2% 8.7% 9.0% 6.2% 5.9% 5.7% 6.3% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 88% 92% 92% 90% 90% 90% 80% 85% 93% 94% 98% 90% 87% 96% 94% 87% 90% 83% 84% 97% 92% 92% 85% 92% 86% 89% 90% 86% 72% 86% 93% 85% 83% 88% 95% 96% 69% 91% 88% 91% 89% 95% 95% 93% 91% 86% 97% 89% 93% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 26% 20% 21% 19% 30% 18% 33% 21% 20% 23% 17% 22% 20% 19% 14% 21% 18% 16% 17% 17% 19% 28% 27% 30% 22% 39% 26% 25% 27% 36% 34% 24% 40% 35% 43% 18% 22% 33% 24% 20% 19% 12% 29% 19% 23% 15% 25% 19% 14% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 43% 42% 21% 68% 61% 43% 37% 22% 10% 50% 61% 31% 63% 76% 83% 41% 42% 50% 31% 54% 63% 56% 24% 55% 48% 35% 68% 55% 52% 54% 63% 45% 32% 39% 60% 38% 28% 28% 53% 15% 33% 32% 44% 14% 2% 0% 4% 9% 6% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI Key FactsandALICEStatisticsforMichiganMunicipalities Victor Township, ClintonCounty St. JohnsCity, ClintonCounty County Watertown CharterTownship, Clinton Westphalia Township, ClintonCounty County Waucedah Township, Dickinson Frederic Township, CrawfordCounty County Beaver CreekTownship, Crawford County Grayling CharterTownship, Crawford Grayling City, CrawfordCounty Lovells Township, CrawfordCounty Bellevue Township, EatonCounty County Maple ForestTownship, Crawford Benton Township, EatonCounty County South BranchTownship, Crawford Baldwin Township, DeltaCounty Brookfield Township, EatonCounty Bay DeNocTownship, DeltaCounty Bark RiverTownship, DeltaCounty Brampton Township, DeltaCounty Carmel Township, EatonCounty Charlotte City, EatonCounty Chester Township, Eaton County Cornell Township, DeltaCounty Escanaba Township, DeltaCounty Escanaba City, DeltaCounty Ensign Township, DeltaCounty Delta CharterTownship, EatonCounty Fairbanks Township, DeltaCounty Ford RiverTownship, DeltaCounty Eaton RapidsCity, EatonCounty Eaton RapidsTownship, EatonCounty Garden Township, DeltaCounty Eaton Township, Eaton County Maple RidgeTownship, DeltaCounty Gladstone City, DeltaCounty Masonville Township, DeltaCounty Nahma Township, DeltaCounty Norway City, DickinsonCounty Kingsford City, DickinsonCounty Iron MountainCity, DickinsonCounty Felch Township, DickinsonCounty County Breitung CharterTownship, Dickinson Breen Township, DickinsonCounty Wells Township, DeltaCounty Norway Township, DickinsonCounty Sagola Township, DickinsonCounty Municipality byCounty Population 12,468 32,815 3,518 7,954 5,083 2,399 1,453 1,736 5,739 1,834 3,135 2,802 1,852 1,672 1,498 2,875 9,057 1,885 3,451 2,181 5,221 4,129 4,102 4,902 1,805 2,820 5,104 7,571 5,831 4,851 1,591 991 748 550 731 705 297 947 521 825 296 752 735 478 747 564 Households 14,288 1,334 3,210 1,883 2,507 1,273 1,066 3,564 1,417 5,693 1,958 1,523 1,472 2,032 1,330 2,281 3,121 2,340 1,850 1,116 823 478 343 597 749 697 292 271 841 309 597 147 569 423 681 368 141 912 354 323 715 221 296 198 658 211 Poverty % 18% 18% 14% 16% 10% 27% 13% 10% 15% 10% 19% 13% 26% 13% 15% 18% 14% 14% 17% 18% 15% 13% 10% 12% 20% 12% 12% 11% 11% 11% 11% 7% 2% 3% 6% 9% 6% 9% 8% 5% 9% 8% 8% 7% 2% 7% ALICE % 35% 17% 15% 22% 23% 24% 25% 24% 30% 20% 26% 28% 22% 23% 30% 32% 22% 18% 13% 24% 21% 30% 34% 19% 15% 34% 22% 29% 22% 13% 27% 30% 34% 26% 29% 20% 30% 32% 24% 16% 22% 20% 15% 11% 11% 9% Threshold % Above ALICE 47% 76% 83% 60% 74% 62% 59% 66% 43% 74% 65% 66% 69% 64% 83% 59% 58% 63% 71% 77% 57% 74% 57% 40% 68% 76% 81% 51% 70% 53% 71% 85% 62% 56% 82% 55% 60% 54% 62% 55% 55% 66% 72% 58% 68% 73% Unemployment 10.8% 13.7% 15.9% 10.8% 12.0% 10.5% 14.6% 12.2% 10.7% 14.7% 14.1% 13.2% 10.4% 10.9% 10.8% 20.2% 11.4% 11.7% 11.1% 11.6% 11.5% 6.7% 5.9% 8.1% 1.5% 4.8% 8.9% 8.7% 4.6% 4.4% 8.6% 7.7% 7.3% 5.0% 6.8% 3.6% 5.7% 6.6% 9.7% 6.9% 4.6% 4.5% 4.1% 5.1% 4.7% 1.9% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 93% 95% 97% 91% 98% 91% 91% 92% 87% 96% 94% 88% 95% 91% 95% 79% 89% 90% 93% 96% 89% 93% 91% 84% 89% 92% 96% 88% 92% 90% 94% 96% 93% 89% 92% 86% 91% 84% 89% 91% 91% 91% 94% 95% 95% 95% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 28% 19% 16% 34% 15% 22% 26% 20% 26% 26% 33% 22% 37% 27% 22% 25% 21% 32% 24% 24% 17% 16% 25% 26% 26% 22% 12% 21% 17% 26% 18% 20% 23% 22% 22% 27% 17% 32% 18% 23% 15% 19% 31% 18% 15% 13% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 45% 32% 13% 53% 22% 59% 45% 44% 46% 18% 41% 49% 21% 60% 28% 13% 63% 47% 52% 43% 67% 43% 53% 30% 45% 41% 48% 25% 53% 32% 37% 27% 56% 45% 40% 37% 41% 45% 47% 44% 33% 11% 0% 0% 0% 7% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year Grand LedgeCity, EatonCounty Hamlin Township, EatonCounty Kalamo Township, EatonCounty Lansing City, EatonCounty Olivet City, EatonCounty County Oneida CharterTownship, Eaton Davison City, GeneseeCounty Davison Township, GeneseeCounty County Fenton CharterTownship, Genesee Potterville City, EatonCounty Roxand Township, EatonCounty County Flint CharterTownship, Genesee Fenton City, GeneseeCounty Sunfield Township, EatonCounty Flint City, GeneseeCounty Vermontville Township, EatonCounty Walton Township, EatonCounty County Windsor CharterTownship, Eaton County Flushing CharterTownship, Genesee Bear CreekTownship, EmmetCounty Flushing City, GeneseeCounty Forest Township, Genesee County Gaines Township, GeneseeCounty Bliss Township, EmmetCounty Carp LakeTownship, EmmetCounty County Genesee CharterTownship, Genesee Genesee County Grand BlancCharter Township, Center Township, EmmetCounty County Cross Village Township, Emmet Friendship Township, EmmetCounty Harbor SpringsCity, EmmetCounty County Little Traverse Township, Emmet Littlefield Township, EmmetCounty Maple RiverTownship, EmmetCounty Mckinley Township, EmmetCounty Petoskey City, EmmetCounty Pleasantview Township, Emmet County Readmond Township, EmmetCounty Springvale Township, EmmetCounty Resort Township, EmmetCounty Wawatam Township, EmmetCounty County West Traverse Township, Emmet Argentine Township, GeneseeCounty Atlas Township, GeneseeCounty County Clayton CharterTownship, Genesee Burton City, GeneseeCounty Clio City, GeneseeCounty Municipality byCounty Population 19,227 15,316 31,134 99,802 10,396 20,921 36,870 29,223 11,538 7,792 3,355 1,944 4,728 1,570 3,887 2,582 5,029 2,612 1,967 1,831 1,983 2,124 6,855 6,260 8,199 4,551 6,667 1,044 2,506 2,992 1,385 1,250 5,725 2,222 2,729 1,651 6,728 7,869 7,393 607 819 554 264 810 897 663 640 Households 12,763 40,260 14,259 11,458 3,478 1,246 2,123 1,521 1,269 2,374 8,145 5,883 1,007 4,769 2,686 3,845 2,466 3,385 1,876 2,531 8,325 1,077 1,186 2,869 1,006 2,503 2,759 2,845 675 380 741 755 724 758 259 356 225 127 352 482 515 521 367 286 795 294 765 Poverty % 10% 24% 19% 18% 22% 10% 14% 12% 18% 12% 10% 36% 15% 12% 18% 16% 13% 10% 13% 19% 13% 10% 10% 16% 20% 11% 11% 11% 11% 9% 4% 6% 7% 8% 4% 6% 9% 8% 8% 9% 6% 7% 7% 7% 9% 4% 6% ALICE % 25% 20% 17% 37% 21% 39% 26% 23% 18% 17% 28% 16% 24% 19% 24% 14% 27% 19% 19% 19% 20% 23% 27% 15% 21% 30% 28% 15% 41% 22% 32% 23% 21% 35% 39% 37% 21% 23% 17% 35% 16% 21% 13% 21% 17% 11% 11% Threshold % Above ALICE 66% 76% 73% 39% 60% 43% 52% 67% 76% 69% 60% 82% 73% 58% 73% 64% 76% 37% 77% 75% 66% 68% 68% 55% 77% 63% 62% 59% 75% 48% 65% 59% 71% 68% 58% 42% 50% 68% 79% 70% 73% 49% 77% 70% 83% 59% 77% Unemployment 17.9% 14.0% 10.6% 12.2% 23.9% 10.7% 12.0% 14.2% 15.8% 14.0% 15.1% 15.5% 24.1% 13.5% 12.5% 11.5% 11.4% 7.3% 6.1% 6.1% 7.8% 7.4% 6.9% 9.5% 9.1% 5.2% 5.4% 6.7% 9.1% 6.5% 5.0% 7.5% 5.9% 5.1% 7.5% 8.1% 8.9% 8.1% 9.6% 8.5% 7.0% 4.5% 4.6% 8.5% 8.4% 8.8% 4.5% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 93% 96% 85% 86% 94% 92% 90% 92% 98% 90% 88% 94% 90% 91% 93% 89% 89% 89% 97% 96% 96% 93% 91% 87% 95% 91% 93% 77% 95% 89% 90% 92% 92% 86% 86% 80% 91% 88% 94% 81% 91% 82% 94% 94% 96% 91% 93% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 18% 19% 26% 23% 23% 36% 26% 21% 23% 22% 26% 28% 20% 24% 17% 24% 24% 33% 25% 23% 25% 29% 19% 26% 25% 25% 25% 31% 20% 44% 32% 29% 27% 24% 30% 24% 28% 25% 22% 40% 28% 34% 21% 31% 22% 27% 26% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 48% 50% 36% 54% 49% 48% 64% 39% 56% 41% 40% 50% 36% 54% 27% 33% 39% 59% 56% 26% 47% 28% 54% 39% 19% 52% 13% 42% 37% 33% 54% 48% 43% 36% 48% 64% 47% 42% 35% 50% 43% 59% 48% 51% 39% 47% 25% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI Key FactsandALICEStatisticsforMichiganMunicipalities Linden City, GeneseeCounty Grand BlancCity, GeneseeCounty Montrose City, GeneseeCounty County Montrose CharterTownship, Genesee Mount MorrisCity, GeneseeCounty County Mount MorrisTownship, Genesee Mundy Township, GeneseeCounty Richfield Township, GeneseeCounty County Acme Township, GrandTraverse WatersmeetTownship, Gogebic County Swartz CreekCity, GeneseeCounty Blair Township, GrandTraverse County Thetford Township, GeneseeCounty County Vienna CharterTownship, Genesee County East BayTownship, GrandTraverse Beaverton City, GladwinCounty Bentley Township, GladwinCounty Beaverton Township, GladwinCounty County Fife LakeTownship, GrandTraverse Bourret Township, GladwinCounty Billings Township, GladwinCounty County Grant Township, GrandTraverse Traverse County Garfield Charter Township, Grand Buckeye Township, GladwinCounty Butman Township, GladwinCounty Gladwin Township, GladwinCounty Gladwin City, GladwinCounty Clement Township, GladwinCounty Grout Township, GladwinCounty Hay Township, GladwinCounty Sage Township, GladwinCounty Secord Township, GladwinCounty County Green LakeTownship, GrandTraverse Tobacco Township, GladwinCounty Sherman Township, GladwinCounty Bessemer City, GogebicCounty Bessemer Township, GogebicCounty County Long LakeTownship, GrandTraverse Ironwood City, GogebicCounty County Ironwood CharterTownship, Gogebic Erwin Township, GogebicCounty Marenisco Township, GogebicCounty Wakefield Township, GogebicCounty Wakefield City, GogebicCounty Municipality byCounty Population 20,960 14,819 12,952 16,673 11,115 3,886 8,088 1,659 6,081 3,003 8,499 4,557 1,275 5,632 8,489 6,850 1,019 1,956 2,822 2,210 1,071 1,467 1,805 1,287 2,904 1,971 1,229 2,772 1,136 6,016 2,551 1,001 1,935 1,084 9,023 5,153 2,240 1,747 1,729 826 413 823 366 295 Households 1,523 3,422 1,168 8,036 6,076 3,092 1,875 2,325 2,944 2,674 4,969 4,318 1,087 7,033 1,298 1,035 2,107 1,094 3,529 2,490 2,111 623 620 504 344 766 529 191 427 562 894 433 399 660 581 592 468 857 501 950 153 250 149 771 Poverty % 16% 19% 13% 37% 26% 10% 15% 14% 33% 16% 17% 13% 26% 14% 22% 29% 13% 16% 25% 16% 10% 24% 18% 25% 16% 10% 22% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 4% 8% 7% 6% 9% 6% 8% 9% 7% 8% 9% 9% ALICE % 18% 24% 25% 18% 34% 26% 17% 21% 36% 16% 15% 23% 18% 39% 20% 31% 27% 25% 27% 36% 32% 32% 35% 24% 26% 25% 35% 31% 19% 31% 26% 32% 30% 25% 28% 32% 22% 29% 36% 17% 26% 20% 20% 29% Threshold % Above ALICE 66% 72% 56% 69% 29% 48% 75% 69% 49% 77% 79% 66% 68% 50% 71% 36% 57% 69% 65% 47% 57% 55% 56% 50% 60% 53% 36% 56% 65% 44% 58% 61% 62% 65% 48% 50% 69% 60% 39% 67% 64% 71% 58% 60% Unemployment 19.3% 27.9% 18.3% 15.3% 10.1% 10.0% 13.8% 13.3% 14.1% 15.7% 18.3% 13.2% 10.4% 10.4% 12.1% 11.9% 11.5% 11.2% 11.8% 11.4% 9.7% 6.0% 5.6% 8.5% 8.3% 9.2% 3.6% 7.6% 9.3% 4.1% 2.6% 5.6% 6.5% 7.5% 7.2% 5.6% 6.0% 7.6% 4.9% 7.8% 5.6% 5.2% 8.0% 4.7% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 94% 96% 92% 90% 91% 89% 94% 90% 88% 94% 93% 95% 87% 87% 90% 90% 90% 88% 89% 95% 90% 91% 92% 83% 94% 93% 94% 64% 70% 85% 77% 90% 96% 92% 94% 86% 83% 85% 90% 88% 84% 91% 89% 90% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 19% 24% 22% 29% 36% 31% 26% 24% 28% 22% 17% 26% 28% 31% 23% 36% 26% 24% 23% 28% 24% 26% 31% 31% 23% 35% 25% 31% 18% 36% 26% 32% 33% 29% 20% 14% 20% 24% 16% 17% 23% 29% 20% 23% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 57% 34% 55% 46% 63% 70% 40% 33% 15% 35% 43% 49% 47% 53% 50% 37% 33% 48% 57% 51% 57% 71% 39% 48% 46% 18% 28% 41% 21% 34% 26% 57% 44% 38% 34% 34% 48% 38% 42% 47% 49% 31% 11% 0% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year County Mayfield Township, Grand Traverse County Paradise Township, GrandTraverse County Peninsula Township, GrandTraverse Traverse City, GrandTraverse County County Union Township, GrandTraverse County Whitewater Township, GrandTraverse Litchfield Township, HillsdaleCounty Alma City, GratiotCounty Arcada Township, GratiotCounty Bethany Township, GratiotCounty Elba Township, GratiotCounty Emerson Township, GratiotCounty Moscow Township, HillsdaleCounty Pittsford Township, HillsdaleCounty Fulton Township, GratiotCounty Hamilton Township, GratiotCounty Ithaca City, GratiotCounty Lafayette Township, GratiotCounty Ransom Township, HillsdaleCounty Reading City, HillsdaleCounty Reading Township, HillsdaleCounty Scipio Township, HillsdaleCounty Somerset Township, HillsdaleCounty Wheatland Township, Hillsdale County New HavenTownship, GratiotCounty County Woodbridge Township, Hillsdale Wright Township, HillsdaleCounty Adams Township, HoughtonCounty Newark Township, GratiotCounty County Calumet CharterTownship, Houghton North ShadeTownship, GratiotCounty North StarTownship, GratiotCounty Pine RiverTownship, GratiotCounty Seville Township, GratiotCounty St. LouisCity, GratiotCounty Sumner Township, GratiotCounty Washington Township, GratiotCounty Wheeler Township, GratiotCounty Adams Township, HillsdaleCounty Allen Township, HillsdaleCounty Amboy Township, HillsdaleCounty Cambria Township, HillsdaleCounty Camden Township, HillsdaleCounty Fayette Township, HillsdaleCounty Hillsdale City, HillsdaleCounty Hillsdale Township, HillsdaleCounty Jefferson Township, HillsdaleCounty Litchfield City, HillsdaleCounty Municipality byCounty Population 14,820 1,733 4,880 5,658 2,708 1,047 9,264 1,821 1,252 1,254 1,298 1,415 2,529 2,856 1,215 1,862 1,757 4,592 1,423 1,026 1,671 1,873 2,548 1,251 6,442 2,140 2,153 7,355 1,922 2,749 2,290 1,528 1,027 2,463 2,180 8,203 2,030 3,015 1,281 342 961 399 502 933 577 952 915 902 Households 1,689 2,603 6,375 3,423 1,210 2,108 2,602 1,310 1,144 2,930 1,217 534 143 976 529 402 748 514 483 354 547 580 901 185 216 328 412 732 633 522 413 439 656 898 435 238 360 878 812 738 354 972 609 444 989 716 341 812 Poverty % 13% 15% 13% 27% 27% 21% 15% 12% 12% 10% 15% 13% 17% 33% 14% 13% 12% 27% 25% 21% 15% 13% 24% 20% 16% 20% 13% 14% 14% 18% 18% 10% 27% 17% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 8% 7% 5% 9% 9% 7% 8% 8% 9% ALICE % 22% 32% 14% 29% 20% 23% 16% 32% 20% 20% 32% 27% 25% 28% 23% 33% 38% 26% 18% 24% 21% 26% 20% 22% 21% 21% 22% 35% 35% 38% 26% 21% 28% 31% 20% 38% 31% 27% 31% 31% 26% 22% 18% 23% 30% 32% 13% 23% Threshold % Above ALICE 65% 60% 79% 56% 67% 50% 79% 41% 59% 65% 56% 64% 63% 63% 67% 52% 49% 67% 65% 43% 65% 61% 68% 70% 68% 52% 53% 57% 54% 41% 65% 64% 61% 56% 56% 42% 53% 62% 49% 56% 60% 64% 64% 59% 60% 41% 76% 60% Unemployment 13.9% 12.3% 10.0% 21.1% 12.5% 10.0% 10.3% 15.4% 10.9% 13.4% 12.2% 10.0% 10.4% 11.7% 9.4% 8.0% 4.8% 6.5% 9.4% 5.1% 8.9% 4.7% 5.2% 3.8% 4.2% 6.3% 6.5% 7.9% 9.4% 6.9% 6.4% 8.2% 5.5% 8.3% 1.5% 6.6% 5.4% 4.5% 8.0% 8.8% 9.4% 9.3% 3.2% 6.3% 7.4% 0.0% 5.4% 4.4% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 87% 92% 98% 91% 86% 91% 91% 91% 89% 91% 89% 90% 89% 91% 90% 91% 93% 88% 79% 84% 77% 91% 91% 90% 89% 56% 85% 93% 92% 89% 83% 89% 88% 94% 92% 91% 84% 94% 93% 91% 86% 91% 78% 77% 90% 92% 93% 91% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 32% 17% 29% 31% 26% 21% 31% 23% 19% 22% 26% 28% 26% 26% 16% 23% 22% 20% 21% 28% 25% 24% 27% 22% 38% 33% 23% 23% 18% 17% 14% 23% 22% 17% 31% 13% 23% 20% 29% 22% 23% 34% 17% 27% 33% 26% 18% 29% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 38% 65% 39% 47% 33% 44% 24% 55% 58% 66% 24% 48% 61% 28% 34% 23% 49% 48% 34% 58% 12% 30% 38% 26% 42% 55% 44% 28% 51% 54% 33% 16% 39% 50% 21% 49% 62% 43% 48% 32% 32% 25% 41% 49% 43% 18% 58% 0% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI Key FactsandALICEStatisticsforMichiganMunicipalities Duncan Township, HoughtonCounty Chassell Township, HoughtonCounty Franklin Township, HoughtonCounty Hancock Township, HoughtonCounty Hancock City, HoughtonCounty County Torch LakeTownship, Houghton Stanton Township, HoughtonCounty County Schoolcraft Township, Houghton Quincy Township, HoughtonCounty County Portage CharterTownship, Houghton Osceola Township, HoughtonCounty Laird Township, HoughtonCounty Houghton City, HoughtonCounty Bad Axe City, HuronCounty Bingham Township, HuronCounty Bloomfield Township, HuronCounty Sheridan Township, HuronCounty Sebewaing Township, HuronCounty Sand BeachTownship, HuronCounty Brookfield Township, HuronCounty Verona Township, HuronCounty Sigel Township, HuronCounty Sherman Township, HuronCounty Caseville City, HuronCounty Caseville Township, HuronCounty Chandler Township, HuronCounty Winsor Township, HuronCounty Colfax Township, HuronCounty Dwight Township, HuronCounty Harbor BeachCity, HuronCounty Grant Township, HuronCounty Fairhaven Township, HuronCounty Hume Township, HuronCounty Alaiedon Township, Ingham County Lake Township, HuronCounty Huron Township, HuronCounty Aurelius Township, InghamCounty Meade Township, HuronCounty Mckinley Township, HuronCounty Lincoln Township, HuronCounty Bunker HillTownship, InghamCounty Paris Township, HuronCounty Oliver Township, HuronCounty County Delhi CharterTownship, Ingham Port Austin Township, HuronCounty Rubicon Township, HuronCounty East LansingCity, InghamCounty Municipality byCounty Population 26,199 46,527 1,848 1,326 4,601 2,037 1,502 1,783 3,188 1,797 7,942 3,052 1,487 2,654 1,033 1,153 1,779 1,968 1,815 1,802 1,005 2,900 4,081 1,530 1,472 2,115 245 529 303 439 448 677 682 456 947 773 536 802 999 738 699 384 767 459 750 478 730 Households 10,515 13,169 1,825 1,202 2,650 1,299 1,072 1,381 1,117 129 715 498 192 837 471 725 108 666 180 616 180 247 429 291 454 184 415 408 823 186 876 689 333 807 350 459 327 350 176 317 206 319 740 190 586 725 346 Poverty % 16% 14% 17% 24% 13% 10% 19% 15% 12% 17% 16% 32% 18% 14% 10% 13% 12% 18% 12% 22% 22% 14% 20% 15% 17% 12% 22% 15% 10% 40% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 8% 9% 9% 8% 8% 9% 4% 6% 9% 8% ALICE % 37% 25% 27% 33% 30% 30% 27% 30% 28% 26% 28% 31% 31% 34% 34% 21% 32% 23% 28% 22% 17% 30% 24% 45% 24% 21% 26% 27% 26% 33% 18% 34% 32% 35% 21% 13% 31% 18% 37% 10% 21% 28% 17% 29% 28% 21% 17% Threshold % Above ALICE 47% 61% 56% 43% 62% 57% 63% 51% 57% 62% 55% 53% 37% 48% 57% 70% 58% 63% 61% 70% 73% 57% 65% 43% 58% 71% 65% 61% 52% 45% 68% 46% 57% 50% 68% 83% 58% 65% 51% 84% 70% 50% 72% 60% 57% 71% 43% Unemployment 15.9% 12.4% 12.4% 12.4% 10.3% 10.2% 14.7% 5.5% 5.0% 7.9% 7.4% 8.8% 7.6% 2.8% 5.2% 4.6% 9.5% 4.2% 6.5% 6.5% 7.1% 5.8% 6.8% 3.6% 3.6% 6.8% 8.5% 9.3% 6.7% 5.9% 6.0% 6.2% 9.8% 4.8% 8.3% 7.0% 2.4% 7.8% 8.2% 9.5% 7.2% 7.3% 8.3% 6.7% 6.1% 7.4% 9.7% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 94% 90% 90% 87% 94% 90% 92% 89% 95% 89% 93% 92% 89% 90% 92% 91% 93% 91% 88% 86% 91% 94% 93% 88% 90% 92% 93% 86% 87% 85% 87% 90% 95% 88% 89% 94% 91% 98% 89% 93% 94% 89% 89% 92% 89% 94% 94% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 20% 10% 19% 17% 19% 19% 19% 18% 19% 13% 20% 20% 21% 24% 17% 23% 24% 25% 23% 22% 19% 32% 25% 15% 31% 24% 29% 21% 33% 16% 20% 25% 14% 20% 25% 17% 25% 21% 14% 27% 25% 27% 31% 21% 18% 11% 11% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 53% 17% 41% 47% 23% 36% 38% 55% 41% 21% 56% 14% 62% 27% 29% 57% 38% 44% 14% 10% 33% 21% 42% 20% 38% 51% 30% 52% 43% 44% 22% 44% 19% 50% 64% 33% 55% 36% 38% 38% 10% 44% 51% 67% 0% 0% 7% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year Ingham Township, InghamCounty County Lansing CharterTownship, Ingham Lansing City, InghamCounty Leroy Township, InghamCounty Alabaster Township, IoscoCounty Leslie City, InghamCounty Leslie Township, InghamCounty County Au SableCharterTownship, Iosco Baldwin Township, IoscoCounty Burleigh Township, IoscoCounty East Tawas City, IoscoCounty Grant Township, IoscoCounty County Oscoda CharterTownship, Iosco Plainfield Township, IoscoCounty Reno Township, IoscoCounty Sherman Township, IoscoCounty Tawas City, IoscoCounty Tawas Township, Iosco County Locke Township, InghamCounty Whittemore City, IoscoCounty Wilber Township, IoscoCounty Mason City, InghamCounty County Meridian CharterTownship, Ingham Onondaga Township, InghamCounty Stockbridge Township, InghamCounty Vevay Township, InghamCounty Wheatfield Township, InghamCounty White OakTownship, InghamCounty Williamston City, InghamCounty County Williamstown Township, Ingham Belding City, IoniaCounty Berlin Township, IoniaCounty Boston Township, IoniaCounty Campbell Township, IoniaCounty Danby Township, IoniaCounty Easton Township, IoniaCounty Ionia Township, IoniaCounty Ionia City, IoniaCounty Keene Township, IoniaCounty Lyons Township, IoniaCounty North PlainsTownship, IoniaCounty Odessa Township, IoniaCounty Orange Township, IoniaCounty Orleans Township, IoniaCounty Otisco Township, IoniaCounty Portland City, IoniaCounty Portland Township, IoniaCounty Ronald Township, IoniaCounty Sebewa Township, IoniaCounty Municipality byCounty Population 109,757 41,139 11,384 2,492 3,515 1,720 2,490 1,913 1,526 2,761 1,534 6,867 3,708 1,888 1,897 1,625 8,317 3,149 3,913 3,531 1,808 1,209 3,855 5,033 5,771 2,430 5,724 2,363 2,991 3,098 3,778 1,956 3,465 1,359 3,790 2,747 2,171 3,910 3,414 1,544 1,244 8,116 441 716 630 439 444 637 925 Households 46,291 17,607 3,671 1,331 1,245 3,224 1,753 3,201 1,098 1,425 1,269 1,579 1,993 2,086 2,092 1,047 1,210 2,784 1,261 1,350 1,453 1,389 1,323 835 220 630 920 894 708 273 720 243 186 717 688 573 188 284 648 470 882 887 689 461 358 962 791 614 453 Poverty % 16% 25% 13% 13% 10% 21% 17% 19% 17% 21% 22% 10% 12% 34% 12% 14% 10% 12% 23% 13% 16% 25% 15% 13% 12% 12% 20% 18% 11% 11% 11% 11% 7% 7% 5% 8% 7% 7% 2% 9% 4% 6% 7% 9% 9% 7% 6% 2% 4% ALICE % 15% 30% 31% 27% 30% 32% 19% 33% 29% 30% 30% 30% 32% 30% 27% 40% 35% 23% 29% 31% 27% 29% 17% 24% 27% 10% 22% 20% 10% 36% 28% 27% 23% 20% 28% 40% 39% 24% 28% 33% 34% 30% 35% 31% 35% 13% 27% 11% 9% Threshold % Above ALICE 78% 54% 44% 69% 59% 55% 74% 54% 61% 49% 53% 51% 51% 49% 51% 50% 53% 72% 63% 35% 61% 82% 64% 69% 66% 62% 88% 82% 74% 68% 84% 41% 59% 57% 66% 73% 63% 35% 46% 67% 59% 55% 54% 63% 45% 58% 59% 85% 55% Unemployment 12.9% 16.3% 15.0% 14.7% 13.9% 15.0% 12.1% 10.0% 12.0% 14.3% 15.6% 10.2% 20.3% 10.5% 18.7% 14.9% 11.4% 11.3% 11.2% 5.2% 9.9% 7.0% 8.1% 5.4% 9.4% 8.8% 9.9% 6.1% 4.8% 5.1% 8.8% 5.2% 6.2% 3.7% 4.3% 6.4% 3.8% 4.2% 8.5% 6.9% 4.0% 7.8% 7.5% 2.4% 4.4% 9.1% 6.6% 8.4% 8.3% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 98% 93% 89% 92% 91% 91% 93% 88% 92% 83% 94% 91% 88% 86% 81% 92% 86% 93% 93% 82% 92% 93% 95% 92% 91% 90% 94% 98% 94% 92% 95% 88% 92% 90% 93% 92% 93% 90% 94% 92% 90% 85% 94% 85% 91% 92% 96% 91% 86% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 32% 21% 27% 26% 27% 22% 20% 16% 17% 31% 20% 26% 26% 25% 30% 16% 21% 24% 20% 22% 19% 16% 19% 20% 25% 35% 12% 20% 20% 21% 22% 21% 27% 26% 28% 23% 28% 29% 14% 26% 25% 22% 20% 20% 25% 27% 22% 31% 11% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 24% 49% 54% 59% 39% 56% 50% 22% 35% 28% 23% 38% 46% 42% 63% 43% 23% 54% 48% 23% 16% 44% 45% 51% 34% 62% 24% 27% 57% 58% 49% 36% 39% 14% 15% 62% 62% 29% 27% 33% 45% 23% 49% 17% 56% 20% 29% 7% 8% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI Key FactsandALICEStatisticsforMichiganMunicipalities Bates Township, IronCounty Crystal FallsTownship, IronCounty Crystal FallsCity, IronCounty Caspian City, IronCounty Hematite Township, IronCounty Gaastra City, IronCounty Iron RiverCity, IronCounty Mastodon Township, IronCounty Mansfield Township, IronCounty Iron RiverTownship, IronCounty Leoni Township, Jackson County Liberty Township, JacksonCounty Stambaugh Township, IronCounty Napoleon Township, JacksonCounty Chippewa Township, IsabellaCounty Broomfield Township, IsabellaCounty Coe Township, IsabellaCounty Norvell Township, JacksonCounty Parma Township, JacksonCounty Rives Township, JacksonCounty Pulaski Township, JacksonCounty Coldwater Township, IsabellaCounty Deerfield Township, IsabellaCounty Sandstone Township, JacksonCounty Denver Township, IsabellaCounty Fremont Township, IsabellaCounty Isabella Township, IsabellaCounty Gilmore Township, IsabellaCounty Summit Township, JacksonCounty Springport Township, JacksonCounty County Spring Arbor Township, Jackson Mount PleasantCity, IsabellaCounty Lincoln Township, IsabellaCounty Nottawa Township, IsabellaCounty Tompkins Township, JacksonCounty Rolland Township, IsabellaCounty Sherman Township, IsabellaCounty County Union CharterTownship, Isabella Vernon Township, IsabellaCounty Wise Township, IsabellaCounty County Blackman CharterTownship, Jackson Columbia Township, JacksonCounty Concord Township, JacksonCounty County Grass LakeCharterTownship, Jackson Hanover Township, JacksonCounty Jackson City, JacksonCounty Henrietta Township, JacksonCounty Municipality byCounty Population 13,764 22,468 26,134 13,197 23,982 33,255 1,005 1,623 1,683 2,944 2,959 1,124 6,766 4,648 1,751 3,084 2,956 2,718 4,658 2,038 3,225 3,986 1,149 1,503 1,920 1,330 2,188 8,206 2,098 2,406 2,659 1,757 2,977 1,283 1,440 7,413 2,714 5,799 3,692 4,696 723 326 352 514 240 973 767 Households 12,650 1,529 5,724 1,195 2,802 1,762 1,188 1,234 1,063 1,640 1,188 1,408 9,323 2,579 8,188 1,075 1,163 4,804 7,929 2,962 1,005 2,200 1,303 1,739 442 649 713 373 164 149 276 105 471 521 686 770 301 408 541 785 538 858 751 859 500 469 530 Poverty % 17% 15% 20% 15% 27% 10% 15% 12% 18% 10% 16% 16% 12% 22% 18% 15% 16% 15% 12% 35% 13% 24% 39% 10% 12% 16% 13% 33% 11% 11% 8% 8% 7% 5% 7% 9% 6% 7% 9% 9% 9% 9% 9% 6% 8% 5% 7% ALICE % 24% 30% 49% 27% 35% 42% 36% 28% 37% 28% 27% 34% 16% 26% 24% 21% 20% 30% 26% 26% 30% 33% 19% 15% 28% 32% 32% 26% 22% 17% 32% 26% 20% 20% 26% 24% 26% 20% 23% 22% 31% 34% 18% 17% 18% 18% 19% Threshold % Above ALICE 68% 53% 36% 65% 45% 43% 37% 62% 48% 39% 61% 59% 79% 67% 58% 69% 71% 54% 58% 62% 59% 45% 75% 78% 54% 53% 52% 65% 63% 71% 57% 39% 67% 71% 65% 67% 65% 56% 38% 68% 57% 50% 76% 75% 77% 75% 68% Unemployment 17.5% 14.9% 15.6% 12.1% 13.9% 13.7% 16.6% 10.4% 15.2% 12.2% 16.8% 10.4% 12.4% 16.3% 10.4% 14.1% 19.1% 11.5% 11.0% 2.6% 4.9% 7.5% 7.3% 1.8% 1.0% 5.2% 7.7% 9.6% 7.5% 9.2% 9.1% 8.5% 4.1% 5.1% 9.4% 8.9% 6.8% 6.4% 9.3% 9.8% 6.3% 9.9% 7.6% 4.9% 9.5% 6.9% 7.1% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 91% 90% 86% 92% 91% 86% 87% 93% 88% 84% 91% 95% 94% 94% 92% 82% 91% 89% 92% 84% 88% 86% 94% 95% 90% 87% 88% 95% 91% 93% 87% 94% 91% 93% 91% 94% 91% 89% 85% 85% 81% 90% 92% 94% 96% 95% 92% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 24% 25% 28% 22% 13% 15% 28% 22% 36% 28% 22% 23% 19% 27% 22% 27% 20% 29% 26% 30% 21% 33% 19% 18% 30% 27% 33% 21% 25% 24% 19% 26% 16% 21% 19% 18% 21% 28% 22% 20% 23% 22% 19% 19% 25% 26% 28% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 50% 53% 58% 43% 35% 48% 47% 57% 47% 19% 48% 55% 56% 54% 54% 22% 42% 53% 14% 19% 29% 32% 41% 22% 46% 57% 27% 66% 65% 48% 60% 24% 37% 62% 64% 34% 51% 53% 40% 46% 24% 67% 0% 0% 0% 0% 7% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year Waterloo Township, JacksonCounty Alamo Township, KalamazooCounty Brady Township, KalamazooCounty County Charleston Township, Kalamazoo Climax Township, KalamazooCounty Alpine Township, KentCounty Bowne Township, KentCounty Kalamazoo County Comstock CharterTownship, County Cooper CharterTownship, Kalamazoo Byron Township, KentCounty Galesburg City, KalamazooCounty Kalamazoo County Kalamazoo CharterTownship, Kalamazoo City, KalamazooCounty Caledonia Township, KentCounty Kalamazoo County Oshtemo CharterTownship, Parchment City, KalamazooCounty Pavilion Township, KalamazooCounty Portage City, KalamazooCounty Cannon Township, KentCounty County Prairie RondeTownship, Kalamazoo County Cascade CharterTownship, Kent Richland Township, KalamazooCounty Cedar SpringsCity, KentCounty Courtland Township, Kent County Ross Township, KalamazooCounty East GrandRapidsCity, KentCounty County Schoolcraft Township, Kalamazoo Gaines CharterTownship, KentCounty County Texas CharterTownship, Kalamazoo County Grand RapidsCharterTownship, Kent County Wakeshma Township, Kalamazoo Grand RapidsCity, KentCounty Bear LakeTownship, Kalkaska County Blue LakeTownship, KalkaskaCounty Boardman Township, KalkaskaCounty Clearwater Township, Kalkaska County County Coldsprings Township, Kalkaska Excelsior Township, KalkaskaCounty Garfield Township, KalkaskaCounty Kalkaska Township, KalkaskaCounty Oliver Township, KalkaskaCounty Orange Township, KalkaskaCounty County Rapid RiverTownship, Kalkaska Springfield Township, KalkaskaCounty Ada Township, KentCounty Algoma Township, KentCounty Municipality byCounty Population 192,416 13,658 15,227 10,365 21,576 22,350 75,499 13,144 22,294 47,496 13,932 18,043 25,885 15,796 17,510 13,823 10,563 11,128 2,842 3,838 4,393 1,845 2,503 3,224 1,953 2,016 6,309 2,378 7,852 3,570 8,083 4,784 8,508 1,346 1,434 2,440 1,457 4,757 1,477 1,243 1,368 618 398 889 842 307 Households 28,025 19,492 73,026 1,132 1,474 1,606 5,338 1,076 6,312 3,831 7,829 9,370 4,432 9,948 2,295 4,752 6,515 2,873 1,247 2,701 1,874 3,974 3,239 9,800 5,385 6,198 1,029 2,015 4,626 3,500 747 918 748 847 848 509 299 227 542 661 335 383 131 493 509 561 Poverty % 14% 16% 12% 26% 16% 30% 19% 18% 12% 12% 21% 10% 22% 14% 14% 14% 15% 19% 14% 12% 25% 22% 21% 11% 8% 9% 8% 7% 7% 9% 7% 6% 5% 7% 2% 5% 6% 6% 3% 9% 3% 4% 8% 8% 2% 7% ALICE % 15% 21% 22% 16% 33% 17% 25% 19% 21% 35% 29% 23% 29% 26% 33% 24% 18% 24% 10% 14% 36% 16% 10% 15% 10% 21% 26% 13% 14% 25% 28% 29% 23% 23% 30% 28% 18% 27% 33% 23% 15% 21% 26% 15% 11% 5% Threshold % Above ALICE 77% 70% 70% 70% 51% 76% 63% 74% 70% 39% 55% 70% 41% 55% 49% 64% 76% 64% 85% 79% 87% 43% 79% 84% 79% 87% 68% 65% 84% 82% 67% 62% 49% 69% 63% 56% 58% 67% 54% 53% 65% 60% 57% 53% 93% 78% Unemployment 16.0% 10.7% 12.9% 20.6% 12.9% 10.4% 15.5% 16.9% 12.8% 15.0% 11.5% 11.7% 11.3% 7.4% 9.5% 6.4% 5.6% 8.0% 8.3% 8.3% 4.8% 6.3% 6.8% 9.3% 4.1% 6.6% 6.0% 7.6% 5.5% 4.5% 7.8% 8.7% 4.3% 8.4% 7.1% 7.0% 3.0% 9.9% 8.5% 4.9% 9.2% 7.5% 9.0% 7.8% 3.9% 4.4% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 93% 93% 92% 94% 96% 86% 95% 94% 93% 93% 89% 88% 93% 89% 91% 91% 92% 95% 93% 96% 93% 97% 87% 95% 96% 89% 98% 93% 92% 97% 96% 92% 92% 87% 93% 86% 87% 91% 87% 85% 84% 90% 89% 87% 85% 99% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 25% 23% 18% 24% 19% 18% 20% 22% 23% 19% 31% 26% 20% 24% 23% 23% 33% 20% 22% 18% 23% 21% 26% 16% 20% 23% 17% 18% 22% 21% 18% 27% 30% 22% 25% 24% 26% 30% 24% 28% 23% 20% 35% 26% 35% 14% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 30% 13% 46% 26% 20% 38% 41% 38% 49% 32% 56% 46% 25% 54% 51% 66% 57% 33% 47% 33% 25% 45% 55% 43% 39% 43% 40% 42% 40% 39% 46% 18% 54% 36% 35% 15% 47% 53% 41% 63% 45% 55% 22% 19% 11% 5% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI Key FactsandALICEStatisticsforMichiganMunicipalities Grandville City, KentCounty Grattan Township, KentCounty Kentwood City, KentCounty Attica Township, LapeerCounty Burlington Township, LapeerCounty Burnside Township, LapeerCounty Lowell City, KentCounty Lowell CharterTownship, KentCounty Deerfield Township, LapeerCounty Nelson Township, KentCounty Dryden Township, LapeerCounty Elba Township, LapeerCounty Oakfield Township, KentCounty Hadley Township, LapeerCounty Goodland Township, LapeerCounty County Plainfield Charter Township, Kent Imlay Township, Lapeer County Imlay City, LapeerCounty Rockford City, KentCounty Lapeer City, LapeerCounty Lapeer Township, LapeerCounty Solon Township, KentCounty Marathon Township, LapeerCounty Sparta Township, KentCounty Spencer Township, KentCounty Tyrone Township, KentCounty Vergennes Township, KentCounty Wyoming City, KentCounty Walker City, KentCounty County Eagle HarborTownship, Keweenaw Allouez Township, KeweenawCounty Grant Township, KeweenawCounty Cherry Valley Township, LakeCounty Chase Township, LakeCounty Dover Township, LakeCounty Eden Township, LakeCounty Elk Township, LakeCounty Lake Township, LakeCounty Ellsworth Township, LakeCounty Newkirk Township, LakeCounty Peacock Township, LakeCounty Pinora Township, LakeCounty Pleasant Plains Township, Lake County Sauble Township, LakeCounty Webber Township, LakeCounty Yates Township, LakeCounty Almont Township, LapeerCounty Arcadia Township, LapeerCounty Municipality byCounty Population 15,739 50,286 32,121 74,105 24,242 3,757 4,746 1,601 1,945 3,859 6,235 5,721 4,909 4,771 5,250 5,965 4,534 1,679 3,128 3,582 5,956 8,790 5,048 6,250 4,551 9,292 4,053 4,862 4,404 1,516 1,144 1,763 1,485 6,638 3,117 319 177 459 444 606 896 715 761 772 316 761 330 733 Households 19,860 12,665 27,602 6,149 1,459 1,676 1,428 2,292 1,958 1,713 1,786 2,071 2,036 1,684 1,020 1,427 2,255 3,391 2,003 2,351 1,655 3,482 1,644 1,658 1,431 9,922 2,442 1,168 555 659 574 162 675 104 177 382 152 217 408 319 249 288 171 261 677 157 539 275 Poverty % 10% 12% 14% 12% 10% 13% 19% 25% 12% 14% 12% 13% 14% 19% 29% 16% 13% 23% 15% 13% 19% 26% 23% 20% 39% 12% 35% 40% 11% 11% 9% 5% 6% 6% 7% 9% 6% 7% 5% 8% 9% 6% 8% 9% 6% 7% 5% 6% ALICE % 26% 17% 30% 36% 29% 13% 34% 23% 31% 24% 17% 17% 23% 16% 24% 41% 23% 26% 41% 30% 29% 23% 30% 25% 28% 28% 26% 18% 31% 33% 16% 42% 28% 37% 26% 47% 28% 31% 27% 34% 33% 35% 29% 36% 42% 36% 31% 31% Threshold % Above ALICE 65% 78% 63% 60% 52% 57% 75% 60% 71% 62% 66% 74% 77% 64% 77% 71% 40% 69% 65% 34% 59% 65% 69% 58% 61% 60% 61% 61% 73% 55% 48% 78% 51% 43% 47% 61% 30% 57% 56% 54% 40% 44% 45% 32% 52% 23% 24% 64% Unemployment 12.7% 13.5% 14.3% 12.6% 10.5% 15.9% 10.8% 13.4% 17.3% 12.4% 19.4% 10.5% 10.9% 12.6% 19.4% 14.1% 17.9% 13.7% 25.0% 11.7% 4.3% 5.7% 9.2% 7.2% 6.7% 9.6% 6.7% 9.8% 5.6% 5.9% 6.6% 4.3% 6.9% 6.3% 5.0% 9.6% 4.5% 8.4% 5.9% 7.8% 7.2% 6.8% 2.8% 9.6% 3.2% 7.2% 9.5% 8.5% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 90% 94% 90% 89% 89% 90% 92% 91% 93% 85% 93% 92% 96% 93% 98% 92% 78% 94% 86% 88% 96% 92% 95% 92% 93% 87% 92% 91% 94% 87% 89% 99% 82% 85% 88% 87% 89% 90% 90% 93% 87% 87% 80% 88% 94% 90% 90% 92% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 17% 24% 29% 33% 27% 24% 24% 23% 14% 20% 28% 14% 21% 28% 22% 31% 19% 21% 32% 24% 20% 20% 18% 23% 28% 30% 22% 18% 21% 22% 27% 20% 43% 22% 26% 20% 40% 22% 27% 27% 32% 35% 29% 38% 38% 34% 40% 29% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 31% 76% 55% 45% 49% 44% 29% 15% 20% 43% 52% 31% 19% 21% 52% 44% 56% 23% 57% 41% 62% 29% 38% 84% 53% 43% 40% 59% 43% 63% 16% 68% 33% 40% 50% 21% 43% 46% 38% 61% 52% 15% 61% 39% 54% 0% 0% 0% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year Mayfield Township, LapeerCounty Metamora Township, LapeerCounty County North BranchTownship, Lapeer Oregon Township, LapeerCounty Rich Township, LapeerCounty Bingham Township, LeelanauCounty Riga Township, LenaweeCounty Centerville Township, LeelanauCounty Rollin Township, LenaweeCounty Cleveland Township, LeelanauCounty County Elmwood CharterTownship, Leelanau Rome Township, LenaweeCounty Empire Township, LeelanauCounty Glen Arbor Township, LeelanauCounty Seneca Township, LenaweeCounty Kasson Township, LeelanauCounty Tecumseh City, LenaweeCounty Leelanau Township, LeelanauCounty Tecumseh Township, Lenawee County Leland Township, LeelanauCounty Woodstock Township, LenaweeCounty Brighton City, LivingstonCounty Solon Township, LeelanauCounty County Suttons BayTownship, Leelanau Adrian City, LenaweeCounty Adrian Township, LenaweeCounty Brighton Township, LivingstonCounty Blissfield Township, LenaweeCounty Cambridge Township, LenaweeCounty County Cohoctah Township, Livingston Clinton Township, LenaweeCounty Conway Township, LivingstonCounty Deerfield Township, LivingstonCounty Deerfield Township, LenaweeCounty Genoa Township, LivingstonCounty Dover Township, LenaweeCounty Fairfield Township, LenaweeCounty Franklin Township, LenaweeCounty Hudson City, LenaweeCounty Hudson Township, LenaweeCounty Macon Township, LenaweeCounty County Madison CharterTownship, Lenawee Medina Township, LenaweeCounty Morenci City, LenaweeCounty Ogden Township, LenaweeCounty Palmyra Township, LenaweeCounty Raisin Township, LenaweeCounty Ridgeway Township, LenaweeCounty Municipality byCounty Population 20,878 18,193 19,950 7,920 4,236 3,634 5,783 1,539 2,508 1,233 1,331 3,249 1,123 4,515 1,522 1,198 1,426 8,393 2,234 1,817 2,001 3,455 7,555 1,400 2,986 6,171 3,895 5,678 3,349 3,545 3,570 4,202 1,514 1,956 1,688 3,172 2,413 1,424 1,404 8,519 1,096 2,512 1,092 1,964 7,538 1,661 1,113 702 Households 3,029 1,582 1,377 2,077 1,053 1,504 1,892 3,731 1,450 3,705 1,241 7,869 2,591 6,521 1,669 2,362 1,238 1,344 1,092 1,538 7,886 1,243 2,232 2,608 537 463 512 496 639 614 343 450 544 998 723 876 573 578 652 851 623 515 415 922 390 787 642 711 Poverty % 12% 12% 12% 12% 10% 12% 10% 17% 27% 14% 10% 14% 17% 19% 22% 12% 11% 11% 5% 4% 6% 5% 6% 8% 4% 9% 8% 5% 7% 9% 9% 7% 7% 8% 5% 3% 8% 7% 9% 6% 9% 5% 6% 8% 7% 6% 9% 5% ALICE % 31% 26% 36% 23% 23% 26% 20% 28% 26% 21% 33% 18% 16% 35% 15% 31% 29% 28% 21% 18% 28% 22% 21% 17% 34% 30% 32% 29% 14% 26% 21% 19% 29% 17% 24% 34% 33% 23% 27% 26% 41% 20% 39% 29% 31% 23% 35% 23% Threshold % Above ALICE 57% 69% 52% 73% 65% 63% 74% 67% 68% 67% 59% 78% 74% 56% 77% 64% 64% 63% 70% 75% 60% 71% 69% 66% 39% 62% 63% 57% 83% 66% 72% 71% 62% 77% 67% 52% 50% 72% 67% 55% 51% 73% 55% 62% 47% 65% 54% 72% Unemployment 10.6% 13.5% 10.0% 13.3% 10.9% 11.1% 11.4% 11.3% 9.7% 8.8% 8.5% 8.2% 8.6% 5.9% 6.4% 5.7% 9.0% 7.6% 5.4% 4.0% 3.4% 5.5% 5.2% 9.6% 6.6% 7.3% 5.3% 4.7% 6.2% 9.5% 9.5% 3.7% 2.8% 6.0% 4.8% 5.2% 7.3% 8.0% 3.1% 4.0% 8.9% 9.0% 6.6% 5.0% 3.7% 8.0% 4.0% 9.7% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 91% 95% 93% 92% 93% 91% 94% 93% 93% 92% 89% 92% 94% 92% 91% 94% 83% 92% 92% 94% 87% 92% 91% 86% 89% 94% 93% 91% 94% 94% 88% 90% 91% 94% 91% 87% 89% 93% 96% 86% 92% 92% 93% 89% 88% 91% 89% 96% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 23% 25% 28% 20% 30% 22% 32% 27% 27% 33% 22% 28% 22% 28% 39% 24% 33% 21% 31% 18% 23% 34% 31% 34% 27% 19% 30% 28% 18% 20% 34% 27% 24% 29% 28% 28% 30% 23% 35% 20% 30% 26% 25% 18% 30% 22% 37% 24% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 44% 32% 49% 22% 15% 42% 40% 28% 17% 20% 46% 42% 31% 54% 82% 40% 54% 38% 30% 62% 34% 41% 28% 49% 56% 42% 27% 36% 33% 32% 16% 21% 50% 10% 30% 37% 56% 51% 44% 42% 31% 59% 57% 57% 51% 45% 33% 9% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI Key FactsandALICEStatisticsforMichiganMunicipalities County Green OakTownship, Livingston Hamburg Township, LivingstonCounty Handy Township, LivingstonCounty Memphis City, MacombCounty Mount ClemensCity, MacombCounty New BaltimoreCity, MacombCounty Hartland Township, LivingstonCounty Ray Township, MacombCounty Howell Township, LivingstonCounty Howell City, LivingstonCounty Richmond Township, MacombCounty Richmond City, MacombCounty Iosco Township, LivingstonCounty Roseville City, MacombCounty Marion Township, LivingstonCounty County Shelby CharterTownship, Macomb Oceola Township, LivingstonCounty St. ClairShoresCity, MacombCounty Putnam Township, LivingstonCounty Sterling HeightsCity, MacombCounty Tyrone Township, LivingstonCounty Warren City, MacombCounty Utica City, MacombCounty Unadilla Township, LivingstonCounty Lakefield Township, LuceCounty Mcmillan Township, LuceCounty Pentland Township, LuceCounty Brevort Township, MackinacCounty Clark Township, MackinacCounty Garfield Township, MackinacCounty Mackinac IslandCity, MackinacCounty Marquette Township, MackinacCounty Moran Township, MackinacCounty Newton Township, MackinacCounty St. IgnaceCity, MackinacCounty Portage Township, MackinacCounty St. IgnaceTownship, MackinacCounty Armada Township, MacombCounty Bruce Township, MacombCounty County Chesterfield Township, Macomb Center LineCity, MacombCounty County Clinton CharterTownship, Macomb Eastpointe City, MacombCounty Fraser City, MacombCounty Lenox Township, MacombCounty County Harrison CharterTownship, Macomb Macomb Township, MacombCounty Municipality byCounty Population 131,139 134,857 18,007 21,409 16,381 12,212 14,781 47,529 10,432 75,986 12,905 59,888 10,219 44,079 98,543 32,585 14,582 10,605 24,801 83,742 8,106 3,923 6,846 9,502 3,653 5,820 3,828 8,348 4,794 3,389 1,087 2,562 2,626 2,016 1,122 2,548 5,433 8,881 8,306 793 480 710 674 935 465 774 925 Households 19,772 29,464 26,808 49,444 53,493 16,710 42,792 12,305 27,989 11,076 6,870 8,184 3,006 6,645 4,523 5,139 1,556 2,565 4,085 1,251 2,262 1,263 3,565 4,415 3,183 3,457 2,191 1,268 1,193 1,205 1,980 3,075 3,694 6,181 3,175 340 449 641 222 974 517 296 327 410 204 405 420 Poverty % 17% 22% 18% 17% 17% 10% 17% 26% 13% 13% 10% 13% 29% 17% 20% 15% 21% 12% 21% 10% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 7% 4% 4% 7% 5% 6% 7% 5% 2% 3% 8% 3% 9% 6% 5% 6% 9% 8% 3% 7% 8% ALICE % 21% 19% 14% 34% 36% 29% 20% 17% 36% 24% 33% 27% 19% 14% 37% 16% 22% 13% 30% 23% 25% 32% 18% 32% 28% 38% 38% 31% 20% 17% 24% 14% 15% 15% 23% 22% 21% 25% 16% 40% 23% 32% 33% 30% 29% 21% 11% Threshold % Above ALICE 72% 77% 82% 49% 42% 60% 73% 78% 46% 70% 50% 66% 76% 84% 46% 81% 70% 84% 61% 71% 64% 58% 77% 51% 66% 51% 36% 56% 69% 70% 66% 77% 72% 77% 48% 69% 61% 64% 72% 77% 39% 69% 56% 46% 59% 61% 68% Unemployment 17.3% 14.6% 23.6% 10.3% 20.2% 10.9% 12.5% 10.8% 13.5% 12.6% 14.3% 10.2% 13.8% 11.1% 11.8% 6.1% 6.1% 4.9% 7.0% 4.0% 6.5% 6.2% 6.2% 6.8% 6.4% 6.7% 4.3% 5.6% 7.3% 4.4% 8.9% 5.3% 8.1% 7.0% 6.8% 5.5% 6.3% 7.4% 8.5% 8.7% 7.2% 5.5% 8.8% 8.9% 8.5% 8.4% 8.0% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 94% 94% 96% 89% 87% 90% 94% 95% 91% 91% 93% 91% 94% 94% 88% 93% 92% 96% 92% 92% 90% 89% 93% 88% 93% 89% 86% 95% 84% 86% 82% 70% 94% 89% 93% 95% 83% 88% 94% 94% 88% 92% 90% 89% 93% 92% 91% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 26% 23% 22% 26% 30% 24% 18% 24% 31% 25% 30% 26% 23% 23% 25% 21% 22% 23% 22% 24% 23% 20% 25% 26% 31% 23% 22% 19% 24% 30% 19% 23% 23% 21% 35% 26% 19% 26% 21% 23% 23% 19% 25% 31% 21% 25% 21% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 100% 38% 42% 34% 47% 52% 48% 46% 47% 50% 10% 52% 35% 52% 58% 43% 41% 42% 38% 45% 46% 30% 56% 39% 38% 43% 40% 25% 36% 13% 40% 22% 53% 46% 45% 24% 53% 52% 43% 53% 51% 57% 40% 49% 41% 9% 0% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year County Washington Township, Macomb Arcadia Township, ManisteeCounty Bear LakeTownship, ManisteeCounty Brown Township, ManisteeCounty Wells Township, MarquetteCounty County West Branch Township, Marquette Amber Township, MasonCounty Branch Township, MasonCounty Custer Township, MasonCounty Eden Township, MasonCounty Free SoilTownship, MasonCounty Grant Township, MasonCounty Hamlin Township, MasonCounty Cleon Township, ManisteeCounty Dickson Township, ManisteeCounty County Filer CharterTownship, Manistee Logan Township, MasonCounty Manistee City, ManisteeCounty Manistee Township, ManisteeCounty Ludington City, MasonCounty Mason County Pere MarquetteCharterTownship, Riverton Township, MasonCounty County Maple GroveTownship, Manistee Marilla Township, ManisteeCounty Norman Township, ManisteeCounty Onekama Township, ManisteeCounty Pleasanton Township, Manistee County Springdale Township, ManisteeCounty Stronach Township, ManisteeCounty County Champion Township, Marquette County Chocolay CharterTownship, Marquette Ely Township, MarquetteCounty Forsyth Township, MarquetteCounty Humboldt Township, MarquetteCounty Ishpeming City, MarquetteCounty County Ishpeming Township, Marquette Marquette County Marquette CharterTownship, Marquette City, MarquetteCounty County Michigamme Township, Marquette Negaunee City, MarquetteCounty Negaunee Township, MarquetteCounty Powell Township, MarquetteCounty Republic Township, MarquetteCounty County Richmond Township, Marquette Sands Township, MarquetteCounty Skandia Township, MarquetteCounty Tilden Township, MarquetteCounty Municipality byCounty Population 26,047 21,444 1,841 1,659 2,530 1,418 1,312 3,408 2,500 6,136 8,055 2,392 1,347 1,242 1,470 1,469 5,976 2,054 6,217 6,517 3,542 3,948 4,609 3,106 2,817 1,192 4,117 613 616 215 598 836 799 907 976 294 308 754 804 783 331 481 304 388 853 838 848 Households 9,602 1,092 1,542 1,043 2,807 1,234 3,668 2,341 2,496 2,747 1,429 1,695 7,852 1,858 1,097 284 721 277 104 655 591 531 226 361 355 409 432 149 933 450 542 137 655 615 334 309 343 129 778 206 145 215 432 335 987 377 456 Poverty % 14% 20% 24% 14% 25% 12% 10% 12% 12% 19% 14% 17% 17% 12% 16% 16% 16% 23% 24% 13% 21% 15% 13% 24% 10% 27% 14% 13% 19% 18% 13% 12% 17% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 7% 7% 9% 8% 7% 9% 9% 9% 8% ALICE % 19% 16% 17% 39% 31% 22% 28% 26% 33% 28% 21% 20% 21% 31% 16% 22% 28% 26% 32% 18% 16% 22% 31% 22% 32% 24% 17% 25% 28% 29% 29% 21% 34% 26% 30% 25% 25% 28% 27% 29% 15% 19% 31% 35% 18% 32% 18% Threshold % Above ALICE 74% 73% 69% 41% 45% 64% 47% 62% 57% 60% 67% 69% 60% 55% 73% 71% 55% 63% 51% 70% 68% 69% 53% 62% 45% 68% 72% 51% 59% 50% 64% 70% 51% 61% 46% 65% 66% 45% 59% 58% 76% 62% 51% 52% 70% 51% 74% Unemployment 16.4% 15.1% 16.2% 17.9% 17.8% 12.2% 15.9% 14.7% 10.4% 23.9% 17.6% 13.3% 14.6% 15.1% 11.4% 11.0% 7.0% 6.7% 3.1% 6.3% 9.1% 7.2% 6.2% 8.2% 8.5% 6.5% 3.2% 5.5% 5.4% 9.2% 9.6% 5.8% 6.7% 9.1% 6.3% 6.7% 5.8% 8.9% 5.5% 8.3% 6.5% 7.4% 9.1% 6.2% 6.1% 9.8% 8.4% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 91% 88% 84% 97% 88% 88% 87% 81% 76% 92% 90% 93% 85% 84% 92% 92% 91% 90% 88% 93% 88% 89% 78% 87% 88% 94% 88% 83% 90% 91% 91% 96% 86% 90% 89% 93% 90% 86% 99% 92% 95% 91% 89% 85% 93% 92% 94% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 22% 22% 22% 42% 19% 27% 40% 27% 33% 23% 30% 22% 28% 22% 26% 14% 24% 31% 30% 23% 19% 23% 35% 31% 36% 27% 29% 31% 30% 15% 17% 16% 18% 21% 25% 10% 15% 17% 34% 16% 14% 30% 28% 18% 21% 19% 8% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 46% 49% 38% 42% 54% 75% 24% 20% 20% 37% 22% 57% 40% 31% 49% 43% 10% 48% 31% 37% 23% 48% 24% 37% 59% 46% 43% 33% 62% 45% 16% 46% 30% 55% 51% 37% 47% 14% 41% 49% 69% 10% 57% 37% 9% 0% 0% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI Key FactsandALICEStatisticsforMichiganMunicipalities Sherman Township, MasonCounty Sheridan Township, MasonCounty Scottville City, MasonCounty Summit Township, MasonCounty Aetna Township, MecostaCounty Victory Township, MasonCounty Austin Township, MecostaCounty County Big RapidsCharterTownship, Mecosta Big RapidsCity, MecostaCounty Chippewa Township, MecostaCounty Colfax Township, MecostaCounty Fork Township, MecostaCounty Deerfield Township, MecostaCounty Grant Township, MecostaCounty Hinton Township, MecostaCounty County Green CharterTownship, Mecosta Martiny Township, MecostaCounty Morton Township, MecostaCounty Millbrook Township, MecostaCounty Mecosta Township, MecostaCounty Stephenson City, MenomineeCounty County Spalding Township, Menominee County Stephenson Township, Menominee Coleman City, MidlandCounty Edenville Township, MidlandCounty Greendale Township, Midland County Geneva Township, MidlandCounty Homer Township, MidlandCounty Sheridan Township, MecostaCounty Wheatland Township, MecostaCounty Daggett Township, MenomineeCounty County Cedarville Township, Menominee Ingersoll Township, MidlandCounty Hope Township, MidlandCounty Faithorn Township, MenomineeCounty Jasper Township, MidlandCounty Gourley Township, MenomineeCounty Harris Township, MenomineeCounty County Ingallston Township, Menominee Holmes Township, MenomineeCounty Lake Township, MenomineeCounty Mellen Township, MenomineeCounty County Menominee Township, Menominee Menominee City, MenomineeCounty Nadeau Township, MenomineeCounty Meyer Township, MenomineeCounty Municipality byCounty Population 10,532 1,103 1,283 2,448 1,377 1,506 4,498 1,164 2,183 1,522 2,022 3,330 1,549 4,401 1,043 2,646 1,847 1,291 2,538 1,724 1,125 4,005 1,498 1,367 2,744 1,407 1,072 1,814 1,041 3,448 8,456 1,164 985 797 629 963 964 576 609 201 263 416 973 420 585 940 Households 1,715 2,966 1,162 1,897 1,076 1,502 1,048 1,685 3,992 448 490 450 398 861 494 525 799 636 594 261 360 649 387 510 364 727 259 591 989 650 451 550 529 257 556 108 441 162 670 465 191 279 489 407 511 114 Poverty % 15% 12% 27% 10% 20% 13% 22% 38% 22% 18% 16% 18% 12% 19% 22% 13% 18% 17% 15% 14% 27% 13% 15% 17% 13% 13% 10% 15% 15% 20% 12% 15% 12% 21% 14% 8% 9% 9% 9% 5% 5% 9% 5% 5% 6% 8% ALICE % 27% 31% 21% 24% 36% 17% 28% 24% 24% 27% 26% 40% 33% 26% 20% 32% 29% 37% 34% 25% 32% 29% 22% 43% 29% 34% 20% 26% 26% 33% 34% 31% 25% 14% 26% 33% 12% 27% 22% 23% 17% 27% 24% 25% 18% 24% Threshold % Above ALICE 58% 57% 52% 66% 44% 70% 64% 54% 38% 64% 65% 38% 49% 58% 62% 56% 52% 41% 53% 57% 51% 56% 64% 30% 58% 51% 63% 65% 61% 54% 61% 59% 70% 77% 69% 52% 83% 58% 58% 65% 77% 58% 64% 54% 74% 62% Unemployment 10.2% 16.5% 10.7% 17.1% 13.2% 14.2% 13.0% 10.9% 16.9% 17.9% 10.7% 12.8% 12.5% 15.4% 11.6% 11.0% 11.6% 11.0% 11.3% 9.2% 9.3% 6.9% 5.9% 6.8% 6.6% 7.9% 9.9% 8.6% 3.8% 7.5% 6.6% 8.3% 9.0% 7.6% 6.6% 4.8% 6.6% 3.4% 2.4% 7.0% 4.1% 8.6% 1.8% 7.2% 4.3% 4.6% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 85% 88% 89% 91% 87% 82% 89% 94% 89% 91% 90% 80% 87% 91% 87% 90% 93% 90% 85% 90% 89% 89% 92% 89% 94% 93% 85% 92% 88% 90% 94% 91% 95% 93% 91% 88% 92% 90% 85% 97% 96% 93% 89% 89% 95% 87% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 34% 33% 25% 29% 31% 29% 26% 19% 20% 20% 20% 32% 28% 24% 23% 20% 26% 38% 26% 22% 23% 23% 23% 24% 28% 28% 24% 23% 24% 21% 20% 27% 18% 15% 14% 32% 13% 28% 26% 24% 26% 33% 18% 21% 17% 20% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 100% 30% 61% 35% 18% 19% 50% 39% 59% 55% 51% 24% 26% 55% 50% 30% 57% 22% 53% 26% 43% 51% 28% 52% 34% 71% 38% 66% 37% 30% 45% 43% 27% 50% 17% 35% 39% 14% 20% 15% 43% 68% 40% 11% 0% 7% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year Jerome Township, MidlandCounty County Larkin CharterTownship, Midland Lee Township, MidlandCounty Lincoln Township, MidlandCounty La SalleTownship, MonroeCounty County Midland CharterTownship, Midland London Township, MonroeCounty Midland City, MidlandCounty Luna PierCity, MonroeCounty Milan City, MonroeCounty Mills Township, MidlandCounty County Mount HaleyTownship, Midland Porter Township, MidlandCounty Warren Township, MidlandCounty Aetna Township, MissaukeeCounty Milan Township, MonroeCounty County Bloomfield Township, Missaukee County Butterfield Township, Missaukee Caldwell Township, MissaukeeCounty County Clam UnionTownship, Missaukee County Monroe CharterTownship, Monroe Monroe City, MonroeCounty Petersburg City, MonroeCounty Forest Township, MissaukeeCounty Holland Township, MissaukeeCounty Lake City, MissaukeeCounty Lake Township, MissaukeeCounty Mcbain City, MissaukeeCounty Norwich Township, MissaukeeCounty Pioneer Township, MissaukeeCounty Reeder Township, MissaukeeCounty Richland Township, MissaukeeCounty Raisinville Township, MonroeCounty Riverside Township, MissaukeeCounty County Summerfield Township, Monroe County West BranchTownship, Missaukee Ash Township, MonroeCounty Whiteford Township, MonroeCounty Bedford Township, MonroeCounty Belvidere Township, MontcalmCounty Bloomer Township, MontcalmCounty County Berlin CharterTownship, Monroe Dundee Township, MonroeCounty Erie Township, MonroeCounty Exeter Township, MonroeCounty Frenchtown Township, MonroeCounty Ida Township, MonroeCounty Municipality byCounty Population 41,862 14,387 20,335 31,004 20,134 4,754 5,261 4,257 2,358 4,832 2,296 2,987 1,341 2,066 1,808 1,906 1,179 2,037 1,434 1,446 1,315 1,071 2,819 1,138 1,336 5,806 1,162 3,262 7,733 4,536 1,955 3,738 9,242 6,742 4,448 3,938 4,894 443 457 437 968 919 259 671 632 577 511 Households 17,429 12,509 1,978 1,896 1,555 1,058 1,818 1,074 5,708 8,175 1,174 1,962 1,145 2,925 1,740 3,453 2,896 1,702 1,339 7,723 1,866 844 652 790 693 708 445 783 167 580 191 200 550 408 509 385 355 265 286 387 573 355 193 884 553 110 211 Poverty % 12% 10% 13% 16% 13% 17% 12% 13% 18% 21% 13% 15% 21% 21% 26% 29% 12% 22% 21% 20% 14% 17% 15% 12% 13% 11% 11% 11% 3% 7% 5% 9% 8% 7% 5% 5% 6% 6% 5% 7% 9% 6% 7% 7% 7% 6% 3% ALICE % 28% 26% 27% 14% 25% 17% 25% 25% 31% 25% 31% 35% 16% 23% 24% 38% 33% 13% 24% 23% 36% 33% 23% 26% 22% 37% 35% 34% 24% 31% 28% 20% 28% 34% 18% 22% 22% 41% 26% 21% 20% 23% 20% 19% 27% 16% 11% Threshold % Above ALICE 60% 86% 64% 66% 81% 66% 72% 62% 59% 56% 58% 57% 52% 76% 70% 58% 41% 54% 82% 61% 56% 53% 46% 51% 45% 66% 41% 44% 46% 62% 64% 66% 74% 67% 49% 75% 69% 72% 44% 62% 72% 73% 66% 73% 75% 60% 81% Unemployment 10.1% 14.3% 10.1% 10.9% 20.2% 10.8% 16.4% 13.7% 15.4% 16.8% 10.0% 25.8% 12.9% 10.0% 10.4% 11.3% 11.1% 11.8% 11.0% 11.4% 9.1% 8.8% 8.6% 6.6% 8.2% 9.0% 8.1% 9.9% 6.8% 9.4% 4.5% 8.4% 9.2% 7.2% 8.0% 8.3% 2.5% 5.8% 7.2% 7.4% 8.9% 7.1% 6.5% 7.8% 9.2% 9.0% 6.0% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 92% 97% 93% 95% 92% 94% 92% 90% 91% 86% 92% 88% 91% 93% 76% 90% 81% 91% 96% 91% 93% 89% 86% 95% 87% 93% 85% 86% 88% 92% 90% 92% 95% 78% 85% 92% 93% 92% 83% 87% 95% 93% 92% 84% 93% 92% 96% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 19% 14% 26% 20% 20% 19% 24% 19% 16% 28% 27% 20% 29% 23% 15% 24% 32% 21% 19% 25% 23% 26% 28% 34% 36% 21% 19% 36% 31% 25% 20% 24% 27% 22% 27% 22% 24% 20% 25% 26% 22% 20% 19% 25% 24% 25% 18% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 29% 51% 37% 37% 18% 29% 54% 36% 45% 50% 35% 33% 27% 23% 30% 69% 43% 50% 25% 64% 70% 65% 18% 36% 30% 50% 42% 33% 17% 59% 58% 54% 28% 24% 45% 43% 51% 25% 46% 27% 18% 47% 44% 11% 11% 6% 9% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI Key FactsandALICEStatisticsforMichiganMunicipalities Bushnell Township, MontcalmCounty Carson City, MontcalmCounty Crystal Township, MontcalmCounty Cato Township, MontcalmCounty Day Township, MontcalmCounty Evergreen Township, MontcalmCounty Eureka Township, MontcalmCounty Douglass Township, MontcalmCounty Fairplain Township, MontcalmCounty Greenville City, MontcalmCounty Ferris Township, MontcalmCounty Home Township, MontcalmCounty County Maple Valley Township, Montcalm Montcalm Township, MontcalmCounty Pine Township, MontcalmCounty Pierson Township, MontcalmCounty Reynolds Township, MontcalmCounty Richland Township, MontcalmCounty Sidney Township, MontcalmCounty Stanton City, MontcalmCounty Winfield Township, MontcalmCounty Albert Township, MontmorencyCounty Avery Township, Montmorency County Briley Township, MontmorencyCounty County Hillman Township, Montmorency Loud Township, MontmorencyCounty County Montmorency Township, Montmorency Rust Township, MontmorencyCounty County Vienna Township, Montmorency Casnovia Township, MuskegonCounty County Blue LakeTownship, Muskegon County Fruitport CharterTownship, Muskegon County Cedar CreekTownship, Muskegon Dalton Township, MuskegonCounty Egelston Township, MuskegonCounty Fruitland Township, MuskegonCounty Holton Township, MuskegonCounty Laketon Township, MuskegonCounty Moorland Township, MuskegonCounty County Montague Township, Muskegon Montague City, MuskegonCounty Muskegon County Muskegon CharterTownship, Muskegon City, Muskegon County County Muskegon HeightsCity, Muskegon County North MuskegonCity, Muskegon Municipality byCounty Population 13,681 17,757 37,861 10,809 1,671 1,124 2,694 2,737 1,002 2,853 3,972 1,876 8,443 1,325 2,539 1,997 3,335 1,941 3,205 5,273 2,761 2,560 1,543 2,342 5,549 2,157 1,854 2,287 1,078 2,801 2,268 3,162 9,274 9,855 2,498 7,565 1,563 2,408 3,778 2,118 1,711 653 272 484 616 Households 13,577 1,059 1,009 1,247 1,468 3,299 1,340 1,190 1,888 1,058 1,063 2,067 1,001 5,058 1,266 3,302 3,372 2,949 6,565 4,156 1,679 600 444 389 869 675 499 995 741 726 539 749 297 809 953 487 188 225 922 749 822 564 594 999 110 Poverty % 13% 33% 15% 18% 16% 18% 14% 17% 15% 22% 10% 21% 12% 14% 15% 10% 12% 28% 15% 15% 18% 16% 19% 10% 10% 10% 19% 10% 12% 20% 29% 14% 15% 17% 32% 42% 11% 11% 9% 9% 5% 8% 9% 4% 8% ALICE % 35% 27% 33% 35% 33% 34% 17% 34% 33% 37% 36% 30% 34% 26% 30% 29% 31% 40% 37% 39% 40% 23% 32% 32% 32% 28% 24% 44% 20% 18% 23% 30% 31% 20% 26% 22% 19% 17% 27% 20% 26% 30% 32% 31% 22% Threshold % Above ALICE 52% 40% 52% 47% 51% 48% 69% 49% 52% 41% 54% 49% 54% 60% 55% 61% 57% 51% 54% 33% 45% 66% 53% 50% 52% 53% 66% 46% 70% 63% 72% 62% 59% 68% 54% 49% 72% 69% 58% 76% 63% 53% 36% 27% 70% Unemployment 17.6% 13.0% 16.2% 15.6% 13.4% 12.1% 10.6% 13.8% 10.6% 12.6% 19.0% 18.9% 26.1% 10.6% 15.4% 17.8% 17.5% 15.4% 12.7% 12.1% 10.1% 12.0% 15.6% 13.0% 18.3% 24.5% 11.8% 11.5% 11.4% 11.4% 8.1% 4.3% 9.1% 7.1% 7.0% 5.0% 8.8% 9.7% 8.3% 8.2% 7.2% 7.8% 4.5% 6.0% 9.5% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 84% 91% 83% 89% 88% 94% 92% 86% 92% 88% 91% 87% 90% 89% 89% 84% 88% 86% 90% 93% 88% 84% 89% 87% 86% 95% 95% 88% 81% 94% 93% 91% 91% 91% 91% 94% 83% 93% 94% 94% 92% 92% 87% 88% 93% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 34% 27% 33% 26% 21% 26% 32% 27% 29% 21% 31% 24% 27% 23% 24% 29% 25% 17% 32% 20% 24% 27% 33% 29% 28% 38% 18% 32% 19% 28% 18% 16% 26% 21% 23% 18% 23% 23% 14% 20% 24% 23% 26% 34% 20% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 100% 10% 32% 59% 35% 56% 38% 67% 41% 59% 57% 47% 50% 29% 46% 50% 36% 40% 21% 40% 52% 39% 56% 39% 50% 49% 42% 14% 30% 28% 32% 22% 17% 36% 52% 44% 56% 28% 52% 30% 33% 54% 60% 61% 61% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year Norton ShoresCity, MuskegonCounty Ravenna Township, MuskegonCounty Roosevelt ParkCity, MuskegonCounty Sullivan Township, MuskegonCounty Berkley City, OaklandCounty County White RiverTownship, Muskegon Birmingham City, OaklandCounty Whitehall City, MuskegonCounty Whitehall Township, MuskegonCounty County Bloomfield Charter Township, Oakland Ashland Township, NewaygoCounty Barton Township, NewaygoCounty Bloomfield HillsCity, OaklandCounty Beaver Township, NewaygoCounty Big PrairieTownship, NewaygoCounty Bridgeton Township, NewaygoCounty Brooks Township, NewaygoCounty County Brandon CharterTownship, Oakland Croton Township, NewaygoCounty Dayton Township, NewaygoCounty Denver Township, NewaygoCounty Ensley Township, NewaygoCounty Clawson City, OaklandCounty Everett Township, NewaygoCounty Fremont City, NewaygoCounty Garfield Township, NewaygoCounty Goodwell Township, NewaygoCounty Grant City, NewaygoCounty Grant Township, NewaygoCounty Lilley Township, NewaygoCounty Lincoln Township, NewaygoCounty Merrill Township, NewaygoCounty Monroe Township, NewaygoCounty County Commerce CharterTownship, Oakland Newaygo City, NewaygoCounty Norwich Township, NewaygoCounty Farmington City, OaklandCounty County Sheridan CharterTownship, Newaygo Sherman Township, NewaygoCounty White CloudCity, NewaygoCounty Wilcox Township, NewaygoCounty Addison Township, OaklandCounty Farmington HillsCity, OaklandCounty Auburn HillsCity, OaklandCounty Ferndale City, OaklandCounty Groveland Township, OaklandCounty Hazel ParkCity, OaklandCounty County Highland CharterTownship, Oakland Municipality byCounty Population 23,982 15,178 20,489 41,836 15,457 41,495 10,509 80,971 22,085 20,160 16,600 19,550 11,988 2,916 3,819 2,327 1,252 2,701 1,946 2,743 3,956 2,526 2,050 3,483 3,213 2,095 2,030 2,621 1,764 4,051 2,503 3,293 1,492 1,870 2,538 2,056 1,351 1,121 6,465 5,556 592 422 607 859 680 607 343 666 Households 10,020 16,648 15,405 34,013 1,681 6,573 8,835 1,277 1,661 5,467 1,263 5,481 1,674 1,074 4,671 2,257 8,988 9,479 1,894 6,958 7,306 1,115 997 842 502 692 868 281 178 997 804 740 903 685 871 213 385 329 579 260 149 769 227 946 730 452 711 411 Poverty % 15% 17% 13% 25% 31% 15% 12% 10% 28% 20% 17% 16% 12% 24% 13% 21% 10% 35% 28% 14% 14% 35% 20% 10% 13% 25% 11% 11% 11% 9% 9% 4% 5% 6% 4% 5% 6% 3% 8% 7% 9% 8% 9% 8% 7% 8% 7% 9% ALICE % 25% 23% 33% 20% 20% 22% 26% 13% 23% 22% 25% 22% 25% 27% 32% 24% 12% 21% 14% 19% 27% 21% 23% 19% 39% 21% 34% 22% 28% 26% 39% 32% 14% 25% 18% 21% 32% 23% 23% 16% 30% 21% 29% 13% 34% 20% 11% 6% Threshold % Above ALICE 66% 68% 52% 60% 76% 75% 72% 57% 83% 72% 65% 83% 64% 53% 44% 58% 91% 60% 64% 78% 51% 75% 70% 53% 62% 61% 69% 37% 66% 45% 68% 37% 67% 52% 40% 78% 66% 68% 65% 33% 57% 69% 77% 71% 58% 80% 41% 71% Unemployment 12.7% 10.9% 17.6% 17.9% 10.1% 12.1% 12.9% 10.4% 12.6% 10.6% 13.7% 12.5% 12.7% 12.9% 12.0% 12.3% 11.7% 8.6% 6.0% 8.9% 9.8% 6.1% 3.9% 8.8% 3.7% 4.7% 8.3% 4.8% 8.4% 4.5% 9.7% 7.0% 8.9% 8.6% 7.7% 8.6% 7.2% 6.2% 6.1% 6.1% 5.4% 8.2% 8.2% 5.8% 5.1% 9.3% 9.8% 7.2% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 93% 93% 92% 89% 93% 95% 94% 93% 96% 94% 90% 97% 92% 88% 91% 87% 99% 91% 88% 90% 85% 92% 93% 89% 94% 87% 90% 91% 90% 91% 93% 84% 90% 92% 91% 93% 85% 89% 88% 90% 89% 95% 94% 93% 83% 93% 85% 93% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 19% 22% 19% 24% 20% 18% 18% 16% 29% 19% 24% 25% 16% 25% 43% 29% 31% 22% 25% 13% 35% 29% 25% 27% 13% 25% 30% 28% 26% 29% 15% 33% 20% 29% 30% 24% 23% 22% 22% 32% 24% 18% 26% 25% 23% 26% 27% 24% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 45% 34% 59% 42% 28% 35% 32% 40% 31% 19% 24% 35% 12% 48% 44% 23% 74% 43% 57% 41% 40% 46% 47% 41% 50% 61% 41% 32% 56% 65% 27% 46% 46% 43% 50% 56% 59% 55% 80% 33% 41% 44% 42% 35% 57% 38% 11% 7% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI Key FactsandALICEStatisticsforMichiganMunicipalities County Huntington Woods City, Oakland Holly Township, OaklandCounty Oakland County Independence CharterTownship, Keego HarborCity, OaklandCounty Lake Angelus City, OaklandCounty Elbridge Township, OceanaCounty Crystal Township, Oceana County Colfax Township, OceanaCounty Claybanks Township, OceanaCounty Benona Township, OceanaCounty Wixom City, OaklandCounty Ferry Township, OceanaCounty Greenwood Township, Oceana County Grant Township, OceanaCounty Golden Township, OceanaCounty Lathrup Village City, OaklandCounty County Lyon CharterTownship, Oakland Madison HeightsCity, OaklandCounty County Milford CharterTownship, Oakland Northville City, OaklandCounty Novi City, OaklandCounty County Oakland CharterTownship, Oakland Oak ParkCity, OaklandCounty County Orchard LakeVillage City, Oakland County Orion CharterTownship, Oakland County Oxford CharterTownship, Oakland Pleasant RidgeCity, OaklandCounty Pontiac City, OaklandCounty Rochester City, OaklandCounty Rochester HillsCity, OaklandCounty Rose Township, OaklandCounty County Royal OakCharterTownship, Oakland Royal OakCity, OaklandCounty South Lyon City, OaklandCounty Southfield City, OaklandCounty Southfield Township, OaklandCounty County Springfield Charter Township, Oakland Troy City, OaklandCounty Sylvan LakeCity, OaklandCounty County Village OfClarkstonCity, Oakland County Waterford CharterTownship, Oakland Walled LakeCity, OaklandCounty Oakland County West Bloomfield Charter Township, County White LakeCharterTownship, Oakland Municipality byCounty Population 35,657 13,690 16,466 30,123 16,263 57,577 18,174 29,727 36,870 21,072 59,928 12,909 72,643 58,689 72,859 14,759 14,255 82,542 72,756 65,646 30,731 11,523 11,616 6,333 3,016 1,234 1,445 1,056 1,200 2,939 1,707 4,137 3,291 2,488 2,555 6,363 2,438 1,701 7,091 269 841 366 795 922 Households 13,377 12,855 23,077 13,249 23,566 28,046 28,371 32,219 30,812 30,127 24,453 11,494 11,602 4,272 2,457 1,409 6,153 1,051 1,553 5,907 6,219 1,350 6,298 7,868 1,109 5,544 2,587 1,052 4,805 5,720 5,107 3,372 134 359 273 157 350 623 458 414 720 805 408 811 Poverty % 10% 20% 14% 27% 13% 13% 12% 14% 16% 13% 14% 18% 19% 16% 33% 32% 14% 10% 12% 3% 6% 0% 2% 5% 7% 5% 7% 4% 3% 7% 8% 4% 6% 6% 4% 8% 8% 5% 6% 4% 7% 5% 6% 6% ALICE % 22% 17% 32% 21% 38% 34% 22% 26% 30% 32% 31% 32% 26% 28% 10% 20% 32% 16% 10% 17% 28% 12% 17% 19% 13% 33% 21% 18% 25% 41% 24% 26% 28% 10% 16% 21% 15% 24% 34% 25% 13% 8% 7% 2% Threshold % Above ALICE 68% 89% 77% 48% 73% 48% 39% 65% 61% 58% 54% 53% 55% 60% 54% 93% 88% 75% 49% 77% 85% 76% 56% 84% 95% 76% 73% 83% 34% 73% 76% 71% 27% 68% 66% 58% 85% 78% 75% 78% 71% 56% 63% 81% Unemployment 10.1% 10.0% 10.7% 10.1% 12.3% 10.6% 18.9% 14.7% 20.2% 11.4% 8.6% 3.5% 7.5% 6.2% 7.3% 6.3% 7.9% 8.7% 5.2% 6.8% 8.4% 0.9% 7.6% 4.4% 9.8% 7.0% 6.4% 4.8% 5.4% 7.2% 7.7% 4.0% 5.7% 5.6% 5.1% 5.4% 4.6% 8.9% 7.7% 6.2% 7.9% 7.0% 8.4% 6.8% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 92% 98% 95% 80% 93% 77% 78% 92% 89% 90% 79% 89% 85% 92% 80% 99% 96% 96% 88% 92% 97% 94% 87% 97% 97% 93% 93% 96% 83% 95% 94% 94% 92% 92% 92% 90% 97% 94% 95% 92% 95% 90% 88% 94% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 22% 19% 20% 30% 24% 34% 28% 23% 27% 20% 18% 28% 26% 26% 25% 42% 21% 21% 29% 20% 18% 20% 30% 21% 32% 19% 24% 23% 31% 19% 19% 27% 39% 21% 21% 31% 25% 22% 25% 20% 22% 23% 24% 26% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 29% 14% 42% 55% 45% 13% 23% 41% 40% 49% 41% 45% 14% 52% 49% 45% 16% 37% 50% 38% 26% 42% 39% 65% 51% 44% 40% 16% 56% 32% 38% 53% 36% 35% 31% 36% 45% 38% 46% 51% 11% 7% 0% 0% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year Hart City, OceanaCounty Hart Township, OceanaCounty Leavitt Township, OceanaCounty Newfield Township, OceanaCounty Otto Township, OceanaCounty Pentwater Township, OceanaCounty Shelby Township, OceanaCounty Weare Township, OceanaCounty Churchill Township, OgemawCounty Cumming Township, OgemawCounty Edwards Township, OgemawCounty Foster Township, OgemawCounty Goodar Township, OgemawCounty Hill Township, OgemawCounty Horton Township, OgemawCounty Klacking Township, OgemawCounty Logan Township, OgemawCounty Mills Township, OgemawCounty Ogemaw Township, OgemawCounty Evart Township, OsceolaCounty Hartwick Township, OsceolaCounty Hersey Township, OsceolaCounty Highland Township, OsceolaCounty Le RoyTownship, OsceolaCounty Lincoln Township, OsceolaCounty Marion Township, OsceolaCounty County Middle BranchTownship, Osceola Orient Township, OsceolaCounty Osceola Township, Osceola County Richland Township, OgemawCounty Rose City, OgemawCounty Rose Township, OgemawCounty Reed City, OsceolaCounty Richmond Township, Osceola County West BranchCity, OgemawCounty County West BranchTownship, Ogemaw Rose LakeTownship, Osceola County County Bergland Township, Ontonagon County Carp LakeTownship, Ontonagon County Greenland Township, Ontonagon Haight Township, OntonagonCounty Interior Township, OntonagonCounty Mcmillan Township, Ontonagon County County Ontonagon Township, Ontonagon County Stannard Township, Ontonagon Burdell Township, OsceolaCounty Cedar Township, OsceolaCounty Evart City, OsceolaCounty Municipality byCounty Population 2,105 1,938 2,295 1,454 4,009 1,192 1,559 1,408 1,388 1,127 4,189 1,025 1,515 1,429 1,837 1,318 1,308 1,564 1,509 1,233 1,178 2,828 1,578 2,300 2,536 1,294 2,425 1,193 822 831 662 758 440 531 520 578 810 854 989 612 470 632 756 202 388 407 667 453 Households 1,361 1,902 1,060 1,063 1,074 1,226 701 700 292 909 317 695 442 700 291 608 373 687 443 254 232 412 644 557 238 695 459 432 618 593 310 300 393 400 216 568 604 492 233 300 349 100 166 198 336 466 178 211 Poverty % 24% 15% 20% 16% 15% 15% 18% 14% 22% 14% 12% 18% 18% 15% 17% 35% 41% 14% 14% 12% 16% 14% 17% 23% 27% 17% 14% 52% 37% 26% 16% 15% 15% 17% 24% 14% 15% 18% 21% 11% 11% 9% 9% 9% 7% 9% 7% 8% ALICE % 41% 31% 36% 29% 36% 23% 33% 32% 22% 26% 27% 26% 20% 24% 22% 19% 28% 26% 31% 21% 34% 32% 22% 26% 33% 31% 25% 27% 25% 23% 17% 32% 20% 27% 35% 28% 30% 28% 33% 35% 31% 21% 31% 21% 33% 38% 29% 22% Threshold % Above ALICE 35% 54% 44% 55% 49% 62% 49% 54% 69% 52% 59% 62% 62% 65% 60% 66% 55% 39% 28% 65% 52% 56% 62% 60% 50% 46% 48% 56% 66% 63% 31% 59% 43% 62% 39% 65% 54% 63% 52% 58% 54% 62% 45% 65% 52% 44% 63% 57% Unemployment 13.0% 10.6% 18.5% 12.9% 10.3% 23.3% 14.7% 10.7% 14.7% 10.5% 22.8% 14.0% 13.1% 10.0% 10.8% 16.1% 20.8% 10.9% 14.8% 11.7% 11.1% 11.9% 11.1% 11.0% 7.1% 7.2% 7.9% 5.3% 7.2% 9.0% 8.5% 9.4% 3.5% 8.4% 5.7% 8.7% 8.6% 9.4% 9.4% 9.2% 6.3% 9.6% 7.6% 8.3% 5.9% 9.6% 6.8% 7.0% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 90% 87% 88% 90% 91% 93% 86% 87% 92% 90% 91% 92% 91% 92% 88% 88% 86% 84% 92% 88% 83% 88% 81% 82% 91% 84% 87% 81% 92% 88% 89% 86% 84% 89% 88% 93% 79% 93% 91% 92% 84% 82% 84% 88% 87% 88% 85% 94% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 30% 22% 20% 21% 36% 29% 20% 27% 22% 29% 32% 26% 24% 30% 29% 30% 31% 32% 34% 24% 25% 22% 21% 23% 16% 29% 34% 28% 21% 27% 37% 38% 21% 26% 43% 16% 30% 25% 25% 20% 20% 37% 36% 12% 26% 29% 18% 29% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 52% 28% 53% 64% 54% 49% 31% 37% 39% 29% 67% 47% 67% 29% 50% 63% 52% 42% 54% 38% 54% 51% 51% 51% 69% 40% 71% 55% 35% 42% 53% 66% 21% 38% 71% 29% 22% 31% 47% 54% 38% 48% 11% 8% 7% 7% 0% 0% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI Key FactsandALICEStatisticsforMichiganMunicipalities Sylvan Township, OsceolaCounty Sherman Township, OsceolaCounty Big CreekTownship, OscodaCounty Clinton Township, OscodaCounty Comins Township, OscodaCounty Elmer Township, OscodaCounty Greenwood Township, OscodaCounty Mentor Township, OscodaCounty Bagley Township, OtsegoCounty Charlton Township, OtsegoCounty Chester Township, OtsegoCounty Corwith Township, OtsegoCounty Dover Township, OtsegoCounty Elmira Township, OtsegoCounty Robinson Township, OttawaCounty Gaylord City, OtsegoCounty Hayes Township, OtsegoCounty Spring LakeTownship, OttawaCounty Livingston Township, OtsegoCounty County Tallmadge CharterTownship, Ottawa Otsego LakeTownship, OtsegoCounty Wright Township, OttawaCounty Blendon Township, OttawaCounty County Allendale CharterTownship, Ottawa County Zeeland CharterTownship, Ottawa Chester Township, OttawaCounty Zeeland City, OttawaCounty Crockery Township, OttawaCounty Coopersville City, OttawaCounty Ferrysburg City, OttawaCounty Allis Township, PresqueIsleCounty County Bearinger Township, PresqueIsle County Georgetown CharterTownship, Ottawa County Belknap Township, Presque Isle County Bismarck Township, Presque Isle Ottawa County Grand HavenCharterTownship, Grand HavenCity, OttawaCounty County Holland CharterTownship, Ottawa County Jamestown CharterTownship, Ottawa Hudsonville City, OttawaCounty Holland City, OttawaCounty Olive Township, OttawaCounty Park Township, OttawaCounty County Polkton CharterTownship, Ottawa Port SheldonTownship, OttawaCounty Municipality byCounty Population 14,726 21,586 10,506 15,757 10,819 36,918 26,493 18,315 48,911 1,010 2,755 1,824 1,127 1,168 1,107 5,878 1,377 1,233 1,872 4,394 1,669 6,288 3,640 2,616 2,535 7,829 2,836 3,212 6,043 1,902 5,591 4,208 4,329 2,955 7,537 7,271 4,903 2,643 923 463 485 969 324 771 364 Households 17,272 13,056 1,270 2,312 1,710 2,127 1,709 5,994 2,798 1,182 1,082 2,020 5,807 3,350 2,396 1,525 1,671 1,363 5,658 4,988 2,463 2,519 8,679 1,501 6,635 344 374 241 727 395 560 493 647 505 781 192 684 972 972 743 424 171 307 179 926 Poverty % 10% 14% 16% 18% 24% 15% 19% 22% 15% 20% 19% 27% 15% 15% 20% 14% 21% 10% 10% 15% 11% 11% 7% 6% 6% 3% 9% 3% 8% 8% 8% 5% 7% 5% 6% 7% 5% 6% 6% 7% 5% 4% 4% 5% 6% ALICE % 29% 27% 35% 26% 22% 22% 23% 31% 18% 29% 25% 35% 17% 33% 13% 35% 26% 19% 31% 27% 29% 16% 24% 35% 28% 26% 28% 38% 35% 48% 28% 22% 23% 27% 25% 25% 25% 40% 33% 34% 27% 15% 33% 20% 25% Threshold % Above ALICE 61% 59% 49% 56% 54% 63% 58% 47% 67% 64% 69% 45% 77% 64% 78% 46% 71% 73% 61% 65% 66% 77% 49% 60% 66% 67% 67% 47% 50% 41% 52% 72% 71% 59% 54% 68% 70% 50% 57% 51% 62% 81% 63% 75% 69% Unemployment 10.8% 13.4% 13.8% 10.4% 17.7% 12.5% 12.5% 10.6% 10.5% 19.3% 19.5% 10.2% 10.2% 11.8% 11.1% 11.6% 6.6% 8.7% 7.2% 8.9% 3.2% 6.6% 6.2% 2.2% 3.6% 7.8% 8.3% 6.4% 8.2% 7.6% 6.3% 8.1% 6.2% 4.8% 3.9% 7.1% 4.2% 6.5% 8.6% 6.8% 5.1% 3.1% 4.1% 5.6% 5.3% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 90% 79% 88% 93% 83% 58% 86% 89% 91% 91% 84% 83% 94% 95% 91% 89% 94% 92% 91% 92% 96% 91% 93% 93% 98% 92% 92% 87% 89% 95% 85% 89% 94% 86% 88% 97% 94% 88% 92% 92% 92% 97% 92% 95% 93% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 26% 23% 28% 25% 28% 31% 26% 31% 15% 23% 31% 19% 18% 29% 21% 21% 22% 26% 20% 23% 14% 25% 22% 19% 19% 23% 18% 22% 27% 13% 26% 24% 28% 22% 37% 17% 17% 24% 18% 24% 16% 18% 17% 17% 14% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 22% 51% 56% 36% 27% 39% 40% 63% 18% 38% 65% 37% 52% 33% 52% 10% 35% 44% 41% 41% 66% 17% 55% 23% 25% 43% 47% 43% 39% 30% 75% 38% 48% 26% 42% 29% 48% 44% 14% 61% 40% 30% 11% 11% 0% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year Case Township, PresqueIsleCounty Krakow Township, PresqueIsleCounty Metz Township, PresqueIsleCounty Moltke Township, PresqueIsleCounty County North Allis Township, PresqueIsle County Ocqueoc Township, PresqueIsle Onaway City, PresqueIsleCounty Posen Township, PresqueIsleCounty County Presque IsleTownship, PresqueIsle County Frankenmuth Township, Saginaw County Pulawski Township, PresqueIsle Rogers City, PresqueIsleCounty Rogers Township, PresqueIsleCounty Fremont Township, SaginawCounty County Au SableTownship, Roscommon Backus Township, Roscommon County Denton Township, RoscommonCounty Gerrish Township, Roscommon County James Township, SaginawCounty County Higgins Township, Roscommon Lake Township, RoscommonCounty Lyon Township, RoscommonCounty Markey Township, Roscommon County Nester Township, Roscommon County County Richfield Township, Roscommon County Roscommon Township, Roscommon Albee Township, SaginawCounty Birch RunTownship, SaginawCounty Jonesfield Township, SaginawCounty Kochville Township, SaginawCounty Lakefield Township, SaginawCounty Blumfield Township, SaginawCounty County Maple GroveTownship, Saginaw Brady Township, SaginawCounty Brant Township, SaginawCounty County Bridgeport CharterTownship, Saginaw Saginaw County Buena Vista CharterTownship, Carrollton Township, SaginawCounty Chapin Township, SaginawCounty Chesaning Township, SaginawCounty Frankenmuth City, SaginawCounty Marion Township, SaginawCounty Richland Township, Saginaw County County Saginaw CharterTownship, Saginaw Saginaw City, SaginawCounty Spaulding Township, SaginawCounty Municipality byCounty Population 10,270 40,264 50,288 1,790 2,176 2,751 1,105 2,061 5,443 2,952 1,766 1,899 1,035 1,261 2,459 3,673 4,334 1,999 5,909 1,549 5,029 1,846 2,614 2,137 2,012 8,416 5,957 4,556 4,947 4,058 2,113 791 734 234 287 398 588 791 788 352 290 429 293 953 939 913 Households 17,844 19,286 1,325 2,832 1,387 1,215 1,770 2,005 2,361 1,249 4,387 3,502 2,203 1,901 2,269 1,583 364 356 124 126 198 305 344 349 828 770 146 453 795 133 161 727 796 520 601 123 781 602 371 746 954 814 749 370 350 787 Poverty % 15% 17% 19% 14% 28% 15% 10% 16% 28% 16% 20% 31% 14% 17% 16% 14% 25% 19% 12% 10% 25% 10% 12% 16% 30% 22% 22% 10% 18% 33% 11% 11% 11% 5% 6% 3% 9% 5% 4% 7% 9% 6% 7% 7% 5% 8% ALICE % 28% 21% 29% 20% 20% 23% 33% 23% 10% 31% 26% 12% 18% 26% 20% 27% 16% 19% 16% 18% 18% 25% 20% 22% 31% 22% 18% 25% 16% 20% 20% 14% 22% 14% 25% 37% 22% 23% 31% 17% 24% 20% 16% 21% 28% 21% Threshold % Above ALICE 57% 62% 52% 69% 75% 63% 39% 62% 84% 59% 58% 85% 73% 46% 64% 53% 79% 70% 53% 68% 65% 59% 66% 53% 50% 66% 78% 65% 59% 73% 71% 80% 68% 74% 59% 33% 56% 55% 59% 76% 58% 73% 79% 68% 39% 71% Unemployment 19.1% 21.0% 21.4% 15.9% 16.4% 28.8% 16.7% 15.8% 13.5% 21.4% 15.0% 10.7% 10.9% 16.8% 14.1% 10.7% 21.1% 12.8% 11.5% 11.2% 11.4% 11.9% 11.0% 11.1% 7.3% 6.8% 9.6% 6.7% 9.0% 6.5% 5.3% 9.6% 6.3% 8.6% 6.4% 6.1% 8.3% 8.2% 7.0% 3.2% 5.7% 6.8% 8.3% 3.9% 5.2% 6.3% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 89% 84% 86% 88% 92% 95% 86% 89% 93% 84% 89% 96% 94% 90% 88% 88% 93% 87% 94% 87% 89% 93% 89% 87% 87% 92% 94% 92% 95% 89% 97% 96% 92% 92% 91% 92% 88% 87% 94% 96% 82% 96% 94% 93% 87% 91% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 23% 26% 23% 22% 21% 25% 38% 14% 17% 20% 21% 10% 18% 20% 36% 30% 29% 23% 26% 22% 28% 22% 29% 28% 26% 38% 31% 15% 23% 19% 20% 25% 21% 27% 24% 24% 34% 19% 34% 23% 29% 29% 21% 18% 29% 19% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 58% 25% 27% 26% 35% 48% 40% 43% 36% 33% 83% 55% 35% 64% 58% 45% 63% 52% 66% 53% 19% 34% 39% 70% 37% 37% 14% 40% 51% 50% 74% 71% 72% 43% 39% 41% 41% 37% 60% 35% 0% 0% 0% 0% 6% 0% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI Key FactsandALICEStatisticsforMichiganMunicipalities County Swan CreekTownship, Saginaw St. CharlesTownship, SaginawCounty Taymouth Township, SaginawCounty Thomas Township, SaginawCounty County Tittabawassee Township, Saginaw Worth Township, SanilacCounty Doyle Township, SchoolcraftCounty County Germfask Township, Schoolcraft County Hiawatha Township, Schoolcraft Argyle Township, SanilacCounty Zilwaukee City, SaginawCounty Inwood Township, SchoolcraftCounty Austin Township, SanilacCounty County Bridgehampton Township, Sanilac Brown City, SanilacCounty Buel Township, SanilacCounty Croswell City, SanilacCounty Custer Township, SanilacCounty Manistique City, SchoolcraftCounty County Manistique Township, Schoolcraft Mueller Township, SchoolcraftCounty County Thompson Township, Schoolcraft Antrim Township, Shiawassee County Delaware Township, SanilacCounty County Bennington Township, Shiawassee Elk Township, SanilacCounty Elmer Township, SanilacCounty Evergreen Township, SanilacCounty Flynn Township, SanilacCounty Forester Township, SanilacCounty Fremont Township, SanilacCounty Greenleaf Township, SanilacCounty Lamotte Township, SanilacCounty Lexington Township, SanilacCounty Marion Township, SanilacCounty Maple Valley Township, SanilacCounty Marlette City, SanilacCounty Minden Township, SanilacCounty Marlette Township, SanilacCounty Sandusky City, SanilacCounty Moore Township, SanilacCounty Sanilac Township, SanilacCounty Speaker Township, SanilacCounty Washington Township, SanilacCounty Watertown Township, SanilacCounty Wheatland Township, SanilacCounty Municipality byCounty Population 11,775 2,352 3,245 4,431 9,801 3,796 1,305 1,922 1,171 1,333 2,578 3,035 1,072 2,383 3,108 1,551 1,082 1,063 3,563 1,564 1,300 1,565 1,731 2,618 1,028 2,226 1,403 1,617 1,316 593 501 787 646 567 735 941 249 779 837 878 968 916 946 901 557 476 Households 1,301 1,582 4,743 3,143 1,573 1,249 1,233 1,647 1,024 960 258 207 555 266 749 283 216 291 521 472 966 400 390 128 313 836 374 543 294 319 340 398 361 296 318 633 398 684 202 601 371 998 501 482 180 611 Poverty % 16% 12% 10% 16% 17% 13% 15% 21% 26% 19% 21% 28% 18% 18% 14% 14% 14% 19% 12% 13% 15% 13% 20% 17% 26% 12% 24% 15% 12% 19% 13% 11% 11% 6% 8% 3% 9% 8% 6% 7% 9% 5% 4% 6% 9% 8% ALICE % 22% 17% 20% 16% 37% 27% 28% 27% 18% 19% 28% 34% 28% 36% 34% 33% 37% 36% 38% 26% 34% 33% 39% 23% 27% 30% 18% 29% 32% 23% 29% 35% 28% 36% 35% 31% 19% 35% 29% 32% 42% 29% 37% 31% 34% 29% Threshold % Above ALICE 62% 77% 68% 76% 50% 63% 56% 56% 79% 68% 63% 58% 57% 43% 40% 48% 42% 58% 34% 56% 48% 53% 54% 68% 68% 56% 78% 65% 54% 58% 59% 56% 59% 49% 52% 49% 64% 39% 59% 60% 34% 56% 51% 58% 47% 60% Unemployment 10.3% 10.4% 23.3% 14.4% 12.2% 12.4% 10.1% 12.9% 14.1% 18.8% 21.2% 10.2% 12.7% 10.2% 12.8% 13.2% 10.4% 14.9% 12.6% 14.4% 13.6% 12.2% 11.3% 11.5% 8.8% 5.7% 5.9% 8.5% 4.9% 9.8% 6.9% 3.8% 9.1% 9.6% 5.7% 8.1% 5.9% 8.0% 7.1% 9.7% 9.8% 9.6% 9.6% 6.2% 8.5% 5.8% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 91% 92% 91% 93% 89% 91% 89% 83% 93% 91% 94% 73% 89% 83% 88% 90% 92% 85% 87% 87% 87% 92% 92% 91% 89% 88% 93% 87% 67% 76% 93% 89% 73% 81% 91% 70% 90% 86% 85% 86% 80% 87% 90% 91% 89% 92% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 28% 20% 20% 18% 23% 22% 22% 21% 17% 16% 16% 17% 15% 34% 20% 30% 18% 22% 17% 21% 33% 31% 19% 25% 21% 22% 21% 20% 28% 22% 28% 27% 14% 25% 26% 25% 23% 27% 25% 18% 23% 29% 33% 19% 26% 23% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 31% 30% 41% 48% 31% 36% 67% 53% 42% 34% 25% 60% 43% 49% 51% 38% 69% 21% 63% 34% 60% 45% 34% 36% 19% 43% 23% 21% 38% 33% 56% 22% 43% 45% 40% 39% 57% 41% 29% 39% 49% 18% 11% 0% 5% 5% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year Burns Township, ShiawasseeCounty Shiawassee County Caledonia CharterTownship, Corunna City, ShiawasseeCounty Durand City, ShiawasseeCounty Fairfield Township, ShiawasseeCounty Ira Township, StClairCounty Kenockee Township, StClairCounty County Hazelton Township, Shiawassee Kimball Township, StClairCounty Lynn Township, StClairCounty Marine City, StClairCounty Marysville City, StClairCounty Laingsburg City, ShiawasseeCounty Memphis City, StClairCounty County Middlebury Township, Shiawassee Mussey Township, StClairCounty County Port HuronCharterTownship, StClair County New HavenTownship, Shiawassee Port HuronCity, StClairCounty Shiawassee County Owosso CharterTownship, Riley Township, StClair County Owosso City, ShiawasseeCounty Perry City, ShiawasseeCounty Perry Township, ShiawasseeCounty Rush Township, ShiawasseeCounty St. ClairCity, StClairCounty St. ClairTownship, StClairCounty Sciota Township, ShiawasseeCounty County Shiawassee Township, Shiawassee Venice Township, ShiawasseeCounty Vernon Township, ShiawasseeCounty County Woodhull Township, Shiawassee Algonac City, StClairCounty Berlin Township, StClairCounty Brockway Township, StClairCounty Burtchville Township, StClairCounty Casco Township, StClairCounty China Township, StClairCounty Clay Township, StClairCounty Clyde Township, StClairCounty Columbus Township, StClairCounty Cottrellville Township, StClairCounty East ChinaTownship, StClairCounty Emmett Township, StClairCounty Grant Township, StClairCounty County Fort GratiotCharterTownship, StClair Greenwood Township, StClairCounty Municipality byCounty Population 10,467 29,508 14,826 11,075 3,386 4,395 3,415 3,369 5,087 2,474 1,923 9,202 1,306 4,172 9,797 1,296 1,634 4,142 1,303 4,732 3,308 1,994 4,256 1,271 5,394 6,728 1,545 2,778 2,529 4,482 3,732 4,063 3,231 1,782 3,945 4,043 3,494 8,898 5,490 4,009 3,507 3,737 2,618 1,932 1,439 756 437 Households 12,354 1,219 1,759 1,381 1,450 1,975 3,665 1,837 4,208 1,431 3,980 1,819 1,167 6,181 1,541 2,309 2,555 1,059 1,843 1,465 1,956 1,233 1,577 1,401 1,242 3,905 2,083 1,450 1,332 1,588 4,479 270 952 752 461 468 149 629 486 901 507 658 952 644 933 679 525 Poverty % 16% 23% 15% 13% 12% 10% 17% 13% 20% 26% 14% 20% 13% 10% 13% 12% 14% 15% 13% 13% 10% 12% 10% 11% 11% 11% 7% 7% 6% 6% 5% 7% 7% 7% 4% 8% 9% 6% 8% 8% 9% 4% 8% 4% 3% 6% 9% ALICE % 18% 20% 28% 29% 22% 29% 28% 33% 28% 34% 14% 29% 16% 36% 25% 17% 28% 18% 34% 24% 30% 32% 16% 23% 27% 18% 20% 20% 15% 20% 24% 15% 38% 16% 23% 29% 21% 17% 27% 34% 26% 27% 27% 23% 30% 26% 24% Threshold % Above ALICE 75% 64% 49% 56% 65% 60% 65% 55% 62% 49% 80% 60% 78% 59% 62% 76% 52% 75% 40% 62% 50% 55% 74% 70% 60% 71% 76% 72% 73% 71% 62% 79% 47% 76% 69% 58% 70% 79% 65% 62% 71% 60% 63% 65% 60% 68% 67% Unemployment 10.9% 18.7% 13.4% 13.8% 13.0% 19.8% 13.0% 14.8% 10.4% 14.7% 12.5% 12.0% 12.5% 10.9% 10.5% 10.8% 10.4% 12.2% 11.7% 11.9% 11.9% 11.5% 6.5% 9.5% 9.5% 9.1% 4.0% 6.0% 8.2% 8.3% 3.6% 7.3% 6.7% 7.5% 5.7% 7.8% 5.2% 8.2% 8.8% 8.4% 9.0% 9.2% 9.8% 8.4% 8.2% 6.7% 8.4% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 92% 93% 85% 83% 88% 92% 92% 92% 95% 88% 97% 95% 94% 93% 86% 91% 91% 94% 88% 93% 86% 91% 91% 95% 90% 87% 95% 90% 92% 91% 92% 88% 86% 93% 94% 92% 87% 93% 90% 91% 94% 91% 92% 90% 93% 87% 94% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 24% 16% 14% 21% 26% 32% 30% 25% 35% 30% 18% 22% 20% 34% 32% 28% 24% 18% 27% 17% 25% 22% 24% 30% 22% 20% 18% 28% 23% 17% 31% 26% 32% 28% 24% 28% 23% 23% 26% 19% 26% 36% 28% 31% 15% 28% 24% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 26% 55% 51% 46% 35% 44% 44% 42% 46% 36% 41% 35% 22% 81% 35% 60% 53% 55% 43% 43% 34% 32% 41% 55% 61% 38% 64% 37% 28% 52% 58% 49% 34% 18% 32% 28% 56% 45% 53% 37% 27% 65% 28% 55% 13% 27% 11% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI Key FactsandALICEStatisticsforMichiganMunicipalities Wales Township, StClairCounty Burr OakTownship, StJosephCounty Yale City, StClairCounty Colon Township, StJosephCounty County Constantine Township, StJoseph Fabius Township, StJosephCounty Kingston Township, Tuscola County Koylton Township, Tuscola County Novesta Township, Tuscola County Millington Township, Tuscola County Tuscola Township, Tuscola County Florence Township, StJosephCounty County Fawn RiverTownship, StJoseph Vassar City, Tuscola County Watertown Township, Tuscola County Vassar Township, Tuscola County Wells Township, Tuscola County Wisner Township, Tuscola County Leonidas Township, StJosephCounty County Flowerfield Township, StJoseph Almena Township, Van BurenCounty Lockport Township, StJosephCounty Antwerp Township, Van BurenCounty Mottville Township, StJosephCounty Mendon Township, StJosephCounty Nottawa Township, StJosephCounty Park Township, StJosephCounty Sherman Township, StJosephCounty Sturgis City, StJosephCounty Sturgis Township, StJosephCounty Akron Township, Tuscola County County White PigeonTownship, StJoseph Three RiversCity, StJosephCounty Almer Township, Tuscola County Arbela Township, Tuscola County Caro City, Tuscola County Fairgrove Township, Tuscola County Elmwood Township, Tuscola County Ellington Township, Tuscola County Elkland Township, Tuscola County Denmark Township, Tuscola County Dayton Township, Tuscola County Columbia Township, Tuscola County Juniata Township, Tuscola County Indianfields Township, Tuscola County Gilford Township, Tuscola County Fremont Township, Tuscola County Municipality byCounty Population 12,101 10,916 3,208 2,614 1,931 3,313 4,204 3,241 1,597 1,515 1,468 4,260 2,204 1,201 1,461 2,648 3,980 1,783 1,087 1,349 4,957 3,768 1,667 2,685 3,859 2,589 3,219 2,323 1,537 3,739 7,787 2,034 2,998 4,142 1,561 1,415 3,463 3,000 1,664 1,106 1,692 2,642 3,246 2,118 581 963 803 Households 1,281 1,315 1,596 1,276 1,603 1,013 1,394 1,737 1,526 4,299 1,023 1,381 1,272 4,150 1,379 2,942 1,130 1,775 1,336 1,329 1,005 1,386 925 790 558 572 565 873 507 548 798 641 287 414 560 612 960 884 605 828 620 507 645 476 653 294 411 Poverty % 22% 13% 17% 16% 12% 19% 12% 13% 13% 21% 10% 21% 12% 13% 12% 12% 10% 19% 19% 12% 14% 24% 16% 13% 20% 13% 13% 14% 10% 13% 10% 15% 10% 16% 11% 11% 11% 11% 7% 9% 6% 9% 8% 7% 9% 8% 5% ALICE % 23% 37% 27% 31% 25% 30% 23% 21% 25% 22% 20% 23% 15% 25% 26% 20% 24% 31% 23% 28% 23% 17% 21% 26% 26% 22% 22% 18% 20% 33% 31% 27% 25% 28% 16% 16% 31% 25% 17% 20% 25% 24% 25% 28% 22% 16% 25% Threshold % Above ALICE 70% 41% 62% 56% 58% 54% 65% 60% 63% 65% 71% 64% 79% 54% 64% 59% 64% 60% 64% 61% 66% 75% 72% 62% 62% 68% 69% 74% 75% 48% 50% 61% 61% 48% 68% 71% 49% 62% 70% 66% 65% 63% 65% 61% 63% 74% 59% Unemployment 12.7% 18.6% 10.7% 10.0% 15.8% 13.3% 12.5% 10.5% 14.2% 12.3% 14.2% 11.0% 11.7% 9.8% 9.3% 5.2% 8.3% 8.4% 7.4% 9.9% 6.1% 7.1% 7.9% 5.8% 4.2% 9.5% 5.3% 4.3% 5.0% 8.3% 8.2% 5.8% 6.8% 6.8% 7.8% 9.1% 3.4% 7.7% 7.1% 8.0% 1.4% 7.5% 4.4% 6.7% 5.1% 3.6% 8.9% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 92% 89% 80% 82% 92% 89% 83% 90% 93% 87% 92% 89% 87% 90% 87% 88% 91% 94% 92% 90% 94% 97% 93% 92% 89% 82% 92% 91% 92% 88% 91% 89% 89% 90% 91% 88% 91% 90% 89% 91% 96% 90% 95% 91% 95% 91% 85% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 33% 23% 17% 28% 25% 28% 31% 36% 23% 18% 13% 26% 18% 29% 33% 27% 28% 23% 20% 24% 30% 23% 14% 24% 30% 19% 20% 23% 23% 24% 31% 13% 20% 18% 18% 23% 22% 20% 22% 20% 15% 33% 19% 27% 22% 25% 25% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 39% 51% 46% 38% 45% 32% 39% 62% 65% 54% 41% 63% 33% 53% 41% 33% 25% 16% 43% 31% 36% 71% 50% 56% 42% 31% 42% 48% 47% 51% 32% 42% 39% 40% 42% 50% 40% 19% 41% 45% 49% 23% 47% 77% 33% 55% 0% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year Arlington Township, Van BurenCounty Bangor City, Van BurenCounty Bangor Township, Van BurenCounty County Bloomingdale Township, Van Buren Columbia Township, Van BurenCounty Covert Township, Van BurenCounty Decatur Township, Van BurenCounty Geneva Township, Van BurenCounty Gobles City, Van BurenCounty Hamilton Township, Van BurenCounty Hartford City, Van BurenCounty Hartford Township, Van BurenCounty Keeler Township, Van BurenCounty Lawrence Township, Van BurenCounty Paw Township, Van BurenCounty County Pine GroveTownship, Van Buren Porter Township, Van BurenCounty Buren County South HavenCharterTownship, Van South HavenCity, Van BurenCounty Waverly Township, Van BurenCounty Salem Township, Washtenaw County Washtenaw County Ann Arbor CharterTownship, Saline City, Washtenaw County Ann Arbor City, Washtenaw County Saline Township, Washtenaw County County Augusta CharterTownship, Washtenaw Scio Township, Washtenaw County County Bridgewater Township, Washtenaw Sharon Township, Washtenaw County Chelsea City, Washtenaw County Washtenaw County Superior CharterTownship, Sylvan Township, Washtenaw County Dexter Township, Washtenaw County Webster Township, Washtenaw County County Freedom Township, Washtenaw Lima Township, Washtenaw County County York CharterTownship, Washtenaw Lodi Township, Washtenaw County Washtenaw County Ypsilanti Charter Township, Lyndon Township, Washtenaw County Ypsilanti City, Washtenaw County Allen ParkCity, Wayne County County Manchester Township, Washtenaw Milan City, Washtenaw County County Northfield Township, Washtenaw Washtenaw County Pittsfield Charter Township, Municipality byCounty Population 116,194 20,918 13,376 54,209 19,874 27,676 36,564 2,325 1,849 3,054 2,560 2,837 3,652 3,506 1,314 2,634 3,224 2,090 3,232 6,942 2,932 2,406 3,930 4,357 2,522 5,818 4,445 9,020 1,892 6,909 1,561 2,129 5,126 2,891 6,299 7,006 1,380 3,587 8,896 6,284 2,733 4,671 3,863 8,447 2,111 816 Households 47,179 22,071 10,592 13,991 1,366 1,343 1,185 1,075 1,219 2,748 1,075 1,714 2,035 2,122 1,786 3,831 2,191 7,704 2,307 4,890 1,169 2,252 2,445 1,341 2,407 2,275 1,826 1,482 3,303 7,811 755 716 773 923 994 303 506 887 781 973 960 766 597 723 987 611 Poverty % 22% 24% 15% 12% 18% 34% 29% 19% 22% 12% 28% 16% 13% 20% 22% 15% 21% 20% 13% 16% 31% 10% 11% 11% 9% 8% 2% 6% 5% 9% 3% 8% 7% 2% 2% 4% 2% 6% 3% 3% 1% 3% 6% 6% 5% 6% ALICE % 30% 35% 36% 32% 27% 30% 27% 31% 31% 29% 34% 27% 33% 23% 26% 22% 21% 34% 29% 32% 21% 13% 30% 23% 24% 27% 16% 27% 22% 21% 28% 16% 17% 21% 12% 17% 13% 14% 34% 34% 13% 26% 25% 24% 34% 25% Threshold % Above ALICE 48% 41% 49% 56% 55% 36% 44% 50% 47% 59% 38% 57% 54% 57% 52% 69% 71% 51% 50% 57% 77% 81% 65% 57% 67% 70% 76% 66% 76% 66% 70% 80% 81% 73% 85% 80% 86% 83% 50% 35% 81% 64% 69% 71% 60% 64% Unemployment 10.6% 10.2% 18.0% 14.0% 15.8% 14.6% 10.8% 10.1% 13.3% 10.4% 10.3% 10.1% 12.4% 11.2% 6.8% 6.7% 4.6% 8.2% 8.3% 9.1% 5.4% 4.3% 8.6% 7.1% 5.8% 4.2% 4.6% 6.5% 5.2% 9.3% 4.7% 8.3% 3.8% 5.0% 6.7% 5.5% 7.2% 2.8% 6.4% 3.5% 3.7% 6.5% 7.7% 7.6% 5.2% 5.5% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 83% 85% 90% 84% 84% 83% 87% 84% 85% 89% 85% 85% 78% 86% 89% 92% 93% 90% 89% 87% 91% 98% 97% 95% 93% 92% 97% 95% 95% 94% 91% 96% 97% 92% 98% 97% 95% 95% 91% 87% 95% 94% 94% 95% 94% 94% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 36% 33% 21% 31% 30% 39% 21% 20% 24% 25% 21% 21% 28% 27% 27% 21% 26% 27% 29% 22% 30% 25% 23% 22% 22% 26% 26% 23% 29% 34% 24% 22% 23% 28% 28% 25% 24% 12% 20% 26% 31% 28% 23% 19% 15% 34% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 55% 47% 24% 27% 62% 58% 58% 49% 40% 55% 41% 41% 18% 40% 38% 36% 46% 46% 53% 48% 36% 43% 41% 44% 51% 44% 37% 36% 82% 56% 51% 46% 53% 17% 36% 14% 38% 53% 55% 49% 41% 33% 28% 5% 9% 7% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI Key FactsandALICEStatisticsforMichiganMunicipalities County Canton CharterTownship, Wayne County Brownstown CharterTownship, Wayne Belleville City, Wayne County Dearborn City, Wayne County Taylor City, Wayne County Dearborn HeightsCity, Wayne County Trenton City, Wayne County Detroit City, Wayne County Wayne County Village OfGrossePointeShoresCity, County Van BurenCharterTownship, Wayne Ecorse City, Wayne County Flat RockCity, Wayne County Garden City, Wayne County Wayne City, Wayne County Westland City, Wayne County Gibraltar City, Wayne County Woodhaven City, Wayne County Grosse IleTownship, Wayne County Wyandotte City, Wayne County Grosse PointeCity, Wayne County Antioch Township, Wexford County Boon Township, Wexford County Cadillac City, Wexford County County Grosse PointeFarmsCity, Wayne Grosse Pointe Park City,Grosse PointePark Wayne County County Grosse PointeWoods City, Wayne Hamtramck City, Wayne County Harper Woods City, Wayne County Inkster City, Wayne County County Huron CharterTownship, Wayne Highland ParkCity, Wayne County Lincoln ParkCity, Wayne County Livonia City, Wayne County Northville City, Wayne County Melvindale City, Wayne County Northville Township, Wayne County County Plymouth CharterTownship, Wayne Plymouth City, Wayne County County Redford CharterTownship, Wayne River RougeCity, Wayne County Riverview City, Wayne County Rockwood City, Wayne County Romulus City, Wayne County Southgate City, Wayne County Sumpter Township, Wayne County Municipality byCounty Population 690,074 89,517 30,607 96,069 62,021 56,656 18,522 28,393 27,161 17,251 82,642 12,645 10,209 25,376 10,327 15,859 22,150 13,964 24,897 15,716 37,362 95,312 10,510 28,707 27,109 47,652 12,266 23,557 29,518 11,343 11,102 3,919 2,885 9,338 9,879 4,566 5,295 9,307 2,699 8,952 7,673 3,227 9,386 932 751 Households 255,740 31,505 31,502 23,742 20,646 10,326 33,717 10,625 14,401 37,199 10,975 10,622 18,057 12,499 11,275 11,119 1,617 7,798 1,163 3,438 3,664 6,792 1,739 5,163 4,035 2,155 4,226 3,373 4,303 6,089 6,241 5,283 4,499 9,451 5,472 1,195 4,124 4,083 2,769 4,930 1,318 8,506 3,533 353 277 Poverty % 14% 22% 20% 17% 10% 37% 33% 13% 20% 10% 15% 12% 14% 17% 16% 42% 14% 48% 33% 10% 20% 27% 13% 40% 13% 18% 17% 12% 11% 8% 5% 9% 2% 8% 3% 3% 4% 7% 6% 6% 9% 4% 5% 6% 7% ALICE % 24% 33% 16% 24% 33% 31% 26% 31% 33% 36% 28% 38% 34% 34% 25% 29% 17% 31% 27% 34% 33% 14% 18% 33% 14% 32% 30% 31% 18% 32% 37% 20% 18% 16% 20% 25% 31% 30% 29% 36% 35% 25% 31% 7% 8% Threshold % Above ALICE 68% 53% 79% 54% 47% 52% 65% 59% 30% 31% 59% 91% 42% 56% 51% 64% 63% 80% 57% 59% 49% 51% 83% 88% 75% 25% 80% 54% 22% 36% 72% 48% 36% 74% 73% 80% 75% 69% 56% 30% 58% 57% 47% 58% 57% Unemployment 14.4% 24.9% 24.6% 10.1% 10.7% 10.3% 10.8% 10.9% 17.4% 12.2% 32.0% 16.8% 12.0% 12.9% 26.0% 15.3% 11.4% 11.6% 6.5% 7.7% 6.6% 9.9% 5.7% 8.7% 8.6% 4.6% 9.0% 9.2% 8.4% 4.3% 9.3% 6.5% 5.1% 5.4% 5.7% 9.3% 6.3% 9.3% 4.2% 4.9% 4.7% 7.1% 7.5% 8.0% 9.2% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 94% 94% 94% 87% 89% 87% 95% 91% 83% 86% 92% 99% 87% 89% 89% 95% 94% 97% 91% 88% 93% 91% 95% 98% 95% 96% 78% 86% 86% 93% 87% 86% 89% 95% 94% 96% 95% 92% 88% 86% 92% 91% 87% 92% 92% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 22% 34% 21% 28% 25% 30% 20% 22% 34% 28% 22% 23% 31% 25% 23% 23% 26% 24% 21% 33% 33% 22% 25% 24% 26% 22% 32% 21% 36% 23% 31% 23% 32% 19% 18% 22% 23% 20% 25% 22% 22% 27% 33% 33% 22% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 44% 41% 36% 55% 50% 52% 43% 38% 58% 58% 59% 21% 56% 49% 49% 54% 45% 42% 53% 35% 65% 46% 45% 41% 41% 25% 51% 47% 56% 35% 58% 51% 53% 37% 37% 35% 36% 32% 50% 55% 47% 25% 49% 33% 38% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year County Cedar CreekTownship, Wexford County Cherry GroveTownship, Wexford Clam LakeTownship, Wexford County Colfax Township, Wexford County Greenwood Township, Wexford County Hanover Township, Wexford County County Haring CharterTownship, Wexford Liberty Township, Wexford County Manton City, Wexford County Selma Township, Wexford County Slagle Township, Wexford County County South BranchTownship, Wexford Springville Township, Wexford County Wexford Township, Wexford County Municipality byCounty Population 1,870 2,035 2,389 1,536 3,354 1,240 2,102 1,765 931 623 951 549 322 905 Households 1,208 638 821 859 345 205 538 351 496 899 245 142 637 339 Poverty % 14% 13% 15% 19% 15% 17% 19% 17% 16% 18% 15% 31% 19% 5% ALICE % 24% 24% 17% 23% 26% 24% 19% 18% 38% 30% 34% 26% 27% 20% Threshold % Above ALICE 62% 63% 78% 62% 55% 61% 64% 63% 45% 54% 48% 59% 42% 61% Unemployment 13.8% 15.3% 14.2% 11.0% 7.3% 6.9% 7.2% 8.6% 9.2% 9.4% 7.5% 6.2% 5.1% 9.8% Rate Coverage % Insurance Health 82% 95% 95% 81% 82% 84% 83% 87% 80% 92% 90% 85% 86% 85% Owner Over30% Housing Burden: 34% 26% 18% 30% 32% 23% 16% 26% 18% 24% 24% 34% 35% 31% Renter Over30% Housing Burden: 30% 25% 19% 22% 31% 65% 63% 44% 37% 50% 44% 27% 49% 54% Source, American Source, American Survey Estimate Community Community 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VI UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VII ALICE Households,Michigan,2007to2015 for countieswithpopulationsoflessthan20,000 Source: American CommunitySurvey, 2007-2015;Missingdatafor2007isduetothefactthatinyear American CommunitySurveydidnotreportdata the percentofhouseholdsinpovertyand ALICE. This tablepresentsthetotalnumberofhouseholdsineachcounty2007,2010,2012,and2015,aswell budget ineachcountyMichigan,andtoshowhowmanyhouseholdsarestrugglingafford it. The UnitedWay ALICE Reportusesstandardizedmeasurements toquantifythecostofabasichousehold care, healthandtransportation. individuals andfamilieswhoareworking,butunabletoafford thebasicnecessitiesofhousing,food,child ALICE, anacronymfor AssetLimited,IncomeConstrained, TO 2015 ALICE HOUSEHOLDSBYINCOME,2007 Allegan Alger Alcona Traverse Grand Alpena Gratiot Barry Baraga Arenac Antrim Hillsdale Bay Berrien Benzie Branch Calhoun Cass Charlevoix Chippewa Cheboygan Clare Clinton Delta Crawford Dickinson Eaton Emmet Genesee Gogebic Gladwin County Households 170,767 41,008 34,900 12,996 14,317 22,525 18,206 43,987 63,645 16,578 54,146 20,897 14,663 12,766 28,572 16,571 42,374 13,790 11,707 11,744 11,415 11,537 9,878 Total N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2007 Poverty 12% 14% 15% 14% 15% 13% 16% 12% 14% 18% 18% 13% 19% 15% 11% 11% 11% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 9% 8% 9% 8% 9% 7% % ALICE 20% 29% 21% 22% 28% 20% 16% 24% 24% 24% 21% 18% 23% 17% 23% 23% 18% 23% 26% 21% 21% 19% 22% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A % Households 166,539 41,724 35,273 13,490 14,720 22,416 17,074 44,064 59,915 16,054 52,600 19,757 10,973 14,783 13,208 27,753 16,145 42,810 13,731 11,560 11,422 11,338 3,688 4,608 7,302 3,336 6,686 9,770 7,366 5,761 Total 2010 Poverty 13% 13% 16% 16% 12% 13% 16% 13% 17% 15% 16% 10% 15% 15% 15% 15% 14% 15% 12% 18% 19% 15% 12% 14% 14% 13% 18% 19% 11% 9% % ALICE 30% 29% 27% 25% 27% 28% 26% 27% 23% 33% 20% 21% 30% 19% 29% 27% 26% 21% 24% 21% 22% 25% 24% 16% 22% 23% 21% 21% 19% 26% % Households 166,225 42,930 35,018 12,862 14,754 22,355 17,784 43,967 60,223 15,640 53,182 19,742 10,191 14,597 13,436 29,443 15,973 13,140 10,721 11,201 11,405 42,811 3,558 4,740 7,234 3,161 6,435 9,536 7,520 5,921 Total 2012 Employed, representsthegrowingnumberof Poverty 13% 14% 19% 14% 12% 14% 17% 13% 17% 18% 17% 13% 18% 15% 17% 12% 17% 13% 19% 26% 16% 10% 17% 12% 18% 19% 11% 11% 9% 9% % ALICE 29% 24% 27% 21% 27% 31% 24% 23% 25% 32% 21% 21% 21% 21% 23% 27% 29% 27% 24% 28% 28% 24% 22% 22% 24% 25% 22% 23% 23% 24% % Households 163,488 42,079 36,952 12,722 14,716 22,836 17,810 42,799 64,279 16,022 53,076 20,101 10,794 13,997 13,255 29,072 15,685 43,551 13,948 10,960 11,223 11,059 3,470 5,001 6,741 2,974 6,447 9,689 7,225 5,954 Total 2015 Poverty 14% 15% 19% 10% 16% 18% 13% 18% 18% 10% 17% 10% 14% 15% 15% 15% 13% 12% 18% 17% 24% 13% 12% 17% 14% 10% 18% 19% 11% 11% % ALICE 36% 27% 29% 26% 25% 36% 28% 28% 21% 30% 26% 24% 27% 23% 22% 31% 26% 29% 27% 23% 31% 29% 25% 18% 27% 25% 19% 26% 29% 21% % Source,AmericanCommunity Survey Estimate 2015 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year 1-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year 1-Year 5-Year 1-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year Houghton Monroe Huron Montcalm Ionia Ingham Muskegon Montmorency Iosco Newaygo Isabella Iron Oakland Jackson Oceana Kalamazoo Ottawa Otsego Oscoda Osceola Ontonagon Ogemaw Kent Kalkaska Saginaw Roscommon Presque Isle Lapeer Lake Keweenaw St Clair Leelanau St Joseph Lenawee Sanilac Livingston Shiawassee Schoolcraft Macomb Mackinac Luce Tuscola Manistee Van Buren Marquette Washtenaw Mason Wayne Mecosta Wexford Menominee Midland Missaukee County Households 480,262 225,921 327,470 133,075 706,198 107,111 14,086 57,333 15,062 22,779 21,847 64,455 12,216 18,950 24,671 60,965 10,364 98,668 92,845 76,003 32,505 65,343 22,810 38,000 17,173 67,027 28,256 21,716 10,373 30,482 24,940 12,328 16,360 12,877 10,692 32,571 11,987 9,508 8,665 8,479 9,559 Total N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2007 Poverty 23% 18% 13% 15% 12% 16% 14% 15% 27% 14% 13% 17% 18% 17% 16% 20% 12% 16% 10% 14% 10% 13% 16% 12% 13% 17% 17% 12% 15% 18% 21% 15% 12% 11% 11% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7% 8% 6% 8% 5% 8% % ALICE 25% 25% 20% 23% 26% 26% 25% 29% 22% 16% 22% 23% 24% 27% 26% 24% 21% 24% 25% 25% 24% 22% 30% 20% 26% 18% 26% 23% 21% 28% 22% 23% 23% 18% 24% 19% 30% 23% 20% 22% 22% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A % Households 108,234 482,286 227,443 332,628 132,028 675,079 13,737 58,596 14,273 23,326 22,728 65,892 10,508 18,692 25,139 58,388 99,256 91,334 75,609 32,145 64,501 21,832 36,341 16,985 68,756 27,134 21,635 10,768 27,779 27,094 12,156 15,949 12,314 33,843 11,028 11,037 5,809 4,335 5,386 4,052 9,817 9,076 3,410 8,074 9,619 7,232 6,332 4,078 9,294 3,621 4,927 2,473 Total 957 2010 Poverty 13% 22% 12% 19% 14% 16% 18% 15% 19% 13% 16% 16% 29% 10% 18% 19% 12% 17% 14% 18% 13% 15% 18% 13% 18% 19% 16% 14% 15% 14% 13% 10% 14% 13% 17% 15% 13% 15% 13% 12% 15% 14% 14% 16% 12% 15% 21% 20% 17% 14% 11% 7% 9% % ALICE 25% 29% 24% 23% 26% 26% 28% 24% 25% 31% 34% 23% 26% 24% 23% 24% 24% 23% 26% 30% 31% 24% 24% 19% 25% 25% 39% 19% 26% 26% 25% 28% 21% 25% 25% 25% 25% 21% 26% 24% 20% 29% 23% 26% 28% 21% 26% 20% 31% 25% 22% 19% 24% % Households 109,008 489,897 100,789 231,171 330,541 137,565 660,724 13,987 57,506 13,957 23,285 22,464 63,860 18,074 24,663 60,420 95,048 78,010 32,790 65,075 22,577 37,998 66,808 27,132 21,180 10,729 27,740 27,203 12,242 15,376 12,271 10,622 33,235 11,256 11,723 16,011 5,855 4,312 5,276 3,842 9,803 8,877 3,333 9,031 9,466 7,276 6,123 4,139 1,012 9,267 3,651 4,940 2,404 Total 2012 Poverty 13% 21% 12% 23% 14% 18% 16% 15% 20% 13% 16% 16% 26% 10% 18% 17% 19% 16% 20% 17% 15% 17% 13% 19% 22% 15% 15% 17% 15% 10% 16% 12% 17% 15% 14% 14% 17% 12% 14% 15% 17% 20% 15% 14% 23% 19% 18% 14% 13% 11% 9% 9% 7% % ALICE 28% 28% 27% 19% 23% 25% 28% 23% 23% 29% 30% 27% 26% 22% 23% 28% 19% 26% 23% 22% 28% 27% 26% 24% 21% 27% 36% 16% 22% 26% 27% 26% 20% 24% 25% 25% 32% 19% 27% 21% 21% 27% 25% 25% 26% 17% 23% 26% 27% 26% 28% 24% 19% % Households 497,819 101,228 237,259 341,532 138,099 667,521 111,265 13,765 58,886 13,805 23,284 22,092 63,215 18,339 24,246 59,292 98,598 32,708 63,571 23,270 37,016 16,280 71,100 27,036 21,304 10,142 28,564 25,498 12,248 15,478 12,673 10,679 32,977 11,343 11,543 77,211 5,866 4,070 5,392 3,686 9,956 8,757 3,084 9,434 9,822 7,185 5,999 4,365 1,040 9,234 3,419 5,209 2,377 Total 2015 Poverty 15% 20% 20% 14% 15% 16% 14% 15% 16% 16% 17% 25% 10% 15% 19% 12% 19% 15% 20% 16% 16% 15% 14% 19% 25% 15% 13% 18% 12% 14% 12% 19% 15% 14% 19% 10% 14% 14% 15% 15% 14% 15% 23% 19% 16% 16% 11% 11% 11% 11% 8% 8% 6% % ALICE 29% 31% 22% 23% 28% 33% 32% 31% 25% 33% 31% 24% 25% 20% 21% 28% 24% 28% 32% 26% 31% 27% 21% 23% 24% 28% 34% 32% 25% 21% 26% 28% 20% 26% 31% 33% 32% 19% 36% 21% 21% 27% 23% 25% 25% 26% 23% 25% 29% 28% 28% 23% 23% % Source,AmericanCommunity Survey Estimate 2015 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year 1-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year 1-Year 1-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year 1-Year 1-Year 1-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year 1-Year 1-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year 1-Year 1-Year 5-Year 1-Year 5-Year 5-Year 5-Year 1-Year

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VII UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VIII ALICE Threshold Short-, Medium-,andLong-Term StrategiestoAssistHouseholds withIncomebelowthe their expenses–areneedednowandinthefuture. strategies thatputmoremoneyinthepocketsof ALICE families–eitherbyincreasing theirincomeorreducing strategies makethemostsenseforthemastheyassimilate ALICE datalaidoutinthisReport.Ultimately, Michigan isadiversestate,andtherenoone-size-fits-allsolution.Dif emergency savingsseekhelparefromfriendsandfamily, followedbyprivatenonprofitsandgovernment. there arelayersofsupportforfinanciallyfragilefamilies.Oftenthefirstplacelow-incomepeopleorthosewithout The chartbelowallocatesstrategiestodifferent stakeholders,thoughthereisoftenoverlap.Researchshowsthat rather acollectionofoptionsthatcouldhelp ALICE familiesintheshort-,medium-,andlong-term. current andinnovativeideascollectedfromresearchpractitioners. These arenotpolicyprescriptions,but whether family, friends,nonprofitsorthegovernment–canconsiderfortheirowncommunities. Theseare The UnitedWay ALICE Reportpresentsarangeofstrategies andbroadchangesMichiganstakeholders– care, healthandtransportation. individuals andfamilieswhoareworking,butunabletoafford thebasicnecessitiesofhousing,food,child ALICE, anacronymfor AssetLimited,IncomeConstrained, DIFFERENCE FORALICE STRATEGIES THAT CANMAKE A Nonprofits Friends andFamily • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • SHORT-TERM Financial counseling,debtrepairandcreditbuilding Tool andtradesharing Subsidized childcare Caregiver respite Tax preparation Home repair Utility assistance Food pantries Temporary housing Tool andtradesharing Caregiving forill/elderlyrelatives Child care Rides toworkanderrands Meals andfood Temporary housing Strategies toAssistALICEFamilies Employed, representsthegrowingnumberof • • • • • • MEDIUM- ANDLONG-TERM ferent communitiescanassesswhich Affordable housing Job trainingandeducationalassistance Support tofindgoodemployers Loans andaffordable financialproducts Access togoodemployers Loans Government Employers • • • • • • • • • • • Financial counseling,debtrepairandcreditbuilding students Tax creditforcaregivers,workers,parentsand Social Securitycreditforcaregivers Educational vouchersandcharterschooloptions Housing subsidies Child carevouchers Temporary assistance Telecommuting options Flex-time Transportation assistance Paid daysoff Strategies toAssistALICEFamilies • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Integrated publicservices Job trainingandeducationalassistance Strengthen infrastructure Attract higher-skilledjobs Reduced studentloanburden financial products education, healthcare,transportation,and Quality, affordable housing,childcare, Apprentice programs Employer sponsoredtraining Mentoring Career paths On-site healthservices,wellnessincentives HR resourcesforcaregivers Benefits Higher wages Full-time opportunities Regular workschedules

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit VIII UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit IX inaccurately associated onlywithalack ofemployment. consequences offinancialhardship.In addition, thetermhasgained negativeconnotations and isoften For one,theterm“poverty” isvague,lackinganymeasureofthedepth,duration, orhouseholdandsocietal Beyond measurementconcerns, theFPL suffers fromlanguageissues commontoassessmentsofpoverty. number ofhouseholdswho arestrugglingineachcountyastateanddescribethe conditionstheyface. plethora ofalternativesdemonstrates thelackofsatisfactionwithFPL,nonecomprehensively measurethe Calculator (MIT),andthe Assets andOpportunityScorecard(Corporation forEnterpriseDevelopment).Whilethe (Economic PolicyInstitute),theEconomicSecurityIndex (InstitutionforSocialandPolicyStudies),theLivingWage of Washington), the BasicNeedsBudget(NationalCenterforChildreninPoverty),theFamilyCalculator Casey Foundation),theSelf-SufficiencyStandard(Center for Women’s Welfare, SchoolofSocial Work, University (HUD) forsub-stategeographies.Othergeography alternativestotheFPL includeKidsCount(AnnieE. at thestatelevel,and Area MedianIncome(AMI)fromthe DepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopment government producestwoalternativestotheFPL: Supplemental PovertyMeasure(SPM)fromtheU.S.Census In lightoftheFPL’s weaknesses,othermeasuresoffinancialhardshiphavebeendeveloped. Thefederal country (NationalConferenceofStateLegislatures,2014;Roberts,Povich,&Mather, 2012). the Children’s HealthInsuranceProgram(CHIP)usemultiplesoftheFPL todetermineeligibilityacrossthe (New JerseyEnergy Assistance Programs, 2013;U.S.Departmentof Agriculture, 2015).EvenMedicaidand percent oftheFPL andLouisiana’s Women, Infants&ChildrenProgram(WIC)uses185percentoftheFPL programs. Forexample,NewJersey’s LowIncomeHomeEnergy Assistance Program(LIHEAP)uses200 that manygovernmentandnonprofitagenciesusemultiplesoftheFPL effect isanundercountofhouseholdsliving ineconomichardship. The officialpovertylevelissounderstated except for Alaska andHawaii,itisnotadjustedtoreflectcostoflivingdifferences acrosstheU.S. Thenet Primarily, themeasureisnotbasedoncurrentcostofbasiccontemporaryhouseholdnecessities,and O’Brien &Pedulla,2010;Uchitelle,2001). income thresholdfordeterminingwhoispoor, itsshortcomingsarewelldocumented(Citro&Michael,1995; proportion ofpeoplelivinginpovertytheU.S.DespiteFPL in 1965,theFederalPovertyLevel(FPL)hasprovidedastandardbywhichtodeterminenumberand for identifyingproblems,planningpolicysolutions,andallocatingresources.SincetheWar onPovertybegan An accurateandcomprehensivemeasureofthescope,causes,consequencespovertyformsbasis POVERTY LEVEL BACKGROUND: SHORTCOMINGSOFTHEFEDERAL methodology anddatasourcesusedforeach. Poverty Level;theguidingparametersfordevelopmentofnewmeasures;fourresultantand This methodologyoverviewdescribestherationalefordeveloping ALICE, analternativetotheFederal budget ineachcountyMichigan,andtoshowhowmanyhouseholdsarestrugglingafford it. The UnitedWay care, healthandtransportation. individuals andfamilieswhoareworking,butunabletoafford thebasicnecessitiesofhousing,food,child ALICE, anacronymfor AssetLimited,IncomeConstrained, LAST UPDATED JANUARY 2017 METHODOLOGY OVERVIEW&RATIONALE ALICE Reportusesstandardizedmeasurementstoquantifythecostofabasichousehold Employed, representsthegrowingnumberof ’s benefit ofprovidinganationallyrecognized todetermineeligibilityforassistance following parameters: updated onaregularbasisandreplicableacrossallstates,the ALICE toolsweredevelopedbasedonthe To meettheUnitedWay ALICEProjectgoalsthatnewmeasuresbetransparentandprovidedataiseasily PARAMETERS 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 1. 2. Constrained, Employed. descriptive acronymisoffered. The term“ALICE”describes ahouseholdthatis Asset Limited,Income Use neutrallanguage:Becausetheterm“poverty” carriesnegativeconnotations,amoreneutral on emergencyroomsoverusedforprimarycare). (such asmoretrafficandlongercommutesworkers findlowercosthomesfurtheraway as fewjobopportunities),welltheconsequences ofthosestrugglesforthewidercommunity the ALICE toolsprovidethe meanstounderstandtheconditionsthatstrugglinghouseholdsface(such Identify importantcontextualconditions: common understanding. across geographicjurisdictionsandovertime. The standardmeasuresenable comparisonand Make newmeasuresreplicableacrossallstates: across everycountyandupdatedregularly. standardized usingregularlycollected,publiclyavailabledatatoensurethattheycanbeapplied Ensure thatmeasurescanbeeasilyupdatedonaregularbasis: ALICE measures are ensures thatcalculationsaretransparentandeasilyverifiable. readily availabledatafromthe American CommunitySurvey’s tabulateddataasthebasisforestimates U. S.Departmentof Agriculture (USDA),andtheBureauofLaborStatistics(BLS).Inparticular, using including theU.S.CensusBureau,DepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopment(HUD), transparent andeasilyunderstandable,alldatacomefromofficialpubliclyavailablesources, Make newmeasurestransparentandeasytounderstand: indicators, maskssignificantinter-countyvariation. Use Microdata Area (PUMA)level.State-leveldata,whileavailableforabroader setofeconomic we alsomeasure ALICE indicatorsattheCensusBureau’s municipal,countysubdivision, andPublic are thesmallestgeographyforwhichwecanobtainreliabledataacrosscountry. Wherepossible, Provide dataatthelocallevel: and geographicdistribution. unable toafford it.Wherepossible,itisalsoimportanttounderstandtheirdemographiccharacteristics capturing thebasiccostofliving,itisimportanttoknownumberandproportionhouseholds Measure thenumberofhouseholdsunabletoaffordbasiccostliving: housing, childcare,food,transportation,andhealthplusmiscellaneousexpensestaxes. unsustainable. The ALICE measuresprovideaconservativeestimateforthecostsoffiveessentials: still cannotafford basicnecessities,ortheycreateanincomebenchmarkthatistoohighandfinancially modern economy. Othermeasuresareeitherunrealisticallylow, whereahouseholdearningthe Threshold Define thebasiccostofliving: The goalistodefinethebasicelementsneededparticipatein in institutionalgroupquarters,suchascollegedorms,nursinghomes,homelessshelters,orprisons. roommates, etc.),the ALICE toolsmeasurehouseholds. ALICE households donotincludethoseliving Make ahouseholdtheunitofanalysis: Countiesserveasthebasegeographicunitofanalysisbecausethey Becausepeopleliveinavarietyofeconomicunits(families, Becauseeconomichardshipdoesnotoccurinavacuum, The ALICE measuresquantifyfinancialhardship To ensure thatmeasuresare Inadditionto , orstress

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit IX UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit IX sustainable budgetforthe same householdtypes. infant, andonepreschooler). Forcomparison,theHouseholdStabilityBudgetprovides anestimateofamore Budget iscalculatedfordifferent householdtypes, including asingleadultandfamilyoffour(twoadults, one 10 percentcontingency–priced atthemostbasiclevelforeachcountyinastate. The HouseholdSurvival of fivehouseholdessentials–housing,childcare,food, transportation,andhealthcare,plustaxesa amount neededtosurviveinaparticulargeographic area, theHouseholdSurvivalBudgetincludescost The HouseholdBudgetsareameanstounderstand the costoflivingonalocalscale. To evaluatetheminimal STABILITY BUDGETS METHODOLOGY: HOUSEHOLDSURVIVAL AND Each ALICE Reportincludesthe ALICE Housing Stockassessment, ASSESSMENT ADDITIONAL ANALYSIS: ALICEHOUSINGSTOCK financial hardshipatalocallevelandtoenhanceexistinglocal,state,nationalpovertymeasures. The UnitedWay ALICEProjectdevelopedthefour ALICE measures,describedbelow, toidentifyandassess THE ALICEMEASURES affordable units. These includerentalandowner-occupiedunits,bothgovernmentsubsidized andmarketrate. of housingunitsinacountythat ALICE and povertyhouseholdscanafford comparedwiththedemandfor worst economicconditionsfor ALICE and100indicatesthebestconditions. Community Resources. The Indexscoreforeachcountyrangesfrom1to100, where1indicatesthe measures threeindicatorsoflocaleconomicconditions:Housing the economicconditionsthat ALICE householdsfaceineachcountyagivenstate. The Dashboard Economic Viability Dashboard: income andassistance. the UnfilledGap–howfarthesehouseholdsremainfromreaching public andnonprofitassistanceisprovidedtohelpthesehouseholdsmeettheirbasicneeds;4) income householdsneedtoreachthe ALICE Threshold; 2)howmuch theyactuallyearn;3)howmuch ALICE Income Assessment: as describedbelow. Community Surveyincomecategoryandadjustedforhouseholdsizecompositioneachcounty, for ahousehold.DerivedfromtheHouseholdSurvivalBudget, Threshold isroundedto American ALICE Threshold: a 10percentsavingscategory. comparison, aHouseholdStabilityBudgetprovidesanestimateofmoresustainablebudget,including types. The budgetcanbeupdatedascostsandtheitemsconsiderednecessarychangeovertime.For and a10percentcontingency. Itiscalculatedseparatelyforeachcounty, andfordifferent household of fivehouseholdessentials–housing,childcare,food,transportation,andhealthplustaxes Household SurvivalBudget: The ALICE Threshold representstheminimumincomelevelnecessaryforsurvival The ALICE Income Assessment isatoolthatmeasures:1)howmuch The HouseholdSurvivalBudgetisaminimalestimateofthetotalcost The EconomicViability Dashboard isanIndexdesignedtomeasure ananalysis Affordability, JobOpportunities,and ALICE Threshold despiteboth thatmeasuresthenumber county. The datadefinitionsandsourcesareasfollows: – housing,childcare,food,transportation,andhealthplustaxesa10percentcontingencyineach The HouseholdSurvivalBudgetiscomprisedofconservativeestimatesthecostfivehouseholdessentials Household SurvivalBudget 4. 3. 2. 1. 5. the most local level possible. Costs are adjusted for household size (divided by CES household size the mostlocal levelpossible.Costsareadjusted forhouseholdsize (dividedbyCEShousehold size in theCES.SinceCES isreportedbymetropolitanareasandregions,counties werematchedwith services, prescriptiondrugs, andmedicalsuppliesusingtheaverageannualhealthexpenditure reported Health Care: American CommunitySurvey: CES Regiondefinitions: Bureau ofLaborStatistics(CES):http://www.bls.gov/cex/csxmsa.htm#y1112 Data Sources: vehicle maintenanceexpenses,butnotleasepayments, carloanpayments,ormajorrepairs. bus, trolley, subway, elevatedtrain,railroad,andferryboat.Carexpenses includegas,oil,andother transportation isusedinstead(Porter&Deakin,1995; Pearce,2015).Publictransportationincludes counties wherelessthan8percentofthepopulation uses publictransportation,thecostforauto or moreofthepopulationusespublictransportation, the costforpublictransportationisused;inthose work bytheInstituteofUrbanandRegionalDevelopment, wesuggestthatincountieswhere8percent by CEShouseholdsizeexceptforsingle-adulthouseholds, whicharedividedbytwo).Buildingon counties arematchedwiththemostlocallevelpossible.Costsadjustedforhouseholdsize(divided Expenditure Survey(CES).SincetheCESisreportedbymetropolitanstatisticalareasandregions, transportation bycarandpublicfromtheBureauofLaborStatistics’ Consumer Transportation: http://www.ers.usda.gov/media/176139/page19.pdf State foodbudgetnumbersareadjustedforregionalpricevariation. http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/sites/default/files/usda_food_plans_cost_of_food/CostofFoodJun2015.pdf Data Sources: considered byUSDA tobetheannualaverage. female asspecifiedbytheUSDA)andchildren6-89-11 yearsold.DataforJuneisusedasthat is (male andfemale)children2-34-5yearsold;familyoffourwithtwoadults one child2-3yearsold;adultfemaleand9-11 yearsold;familyoffourwithtwoadults male 19-50yearsold;familyoftwoadults(maleandfemale)oneadultfemale The householdfoodbudgetisadjustedforsixselectcompositionsincluding:singleadult Food: Data Source:Statetotalshttp://www.usa.childcareaware.org/costofcare in neighboringcounties. that childcarefacilitiesarenotavailableinthosecountiesandresidentsmaybeforcedtouse Child Care Aware. Whendataaremissing,state averages areused,thoughmissingdatamaymean compiled bylocalchildcareresourceandreferralagenciesreportedtothenationalorganization, preschooler inregisteredfamilychildcarehomes(theleastexpensiveoption).Dataare Child Care:Thechildcarebudgetisbasedontheaverageannualcostofforoneinfantand Data Source:http://www.huduser.org/portal/datasets/fmr.html telephone service.Iftheownerpaysforallutilities,thengrossrentequalspaidtoowner. incurred bythetenant.Utilitiesincludeelectricity, gas,water/sewer, andtrashremovalservices,butnot more. The rentincludesthesum of therentpaidtoownerplusanyutilitycosts or three of family a for person, aone-bedroomapartmentforheadofhouseholdwithchild,andtwo-bedroom rents, butinsomelocationsHUDreportsthe50 Housing: The housingbudgetisbasedonHUD’s FairMarketRent(usually40

The foodbudgetisbasedonthe Thrifty Level(lowestoffourlevels)theUSDA FoodPlans. The health care budget includes the nominal out-of-pocket health care spending, medical The healthcarebudgetincludes thenominalout-of-pockethealthcarespending, medical The transportationbudgetiscalculatedusingaverageannualexpendituresfor The sourceforcountybreakdownsvariesbystate. http://www.bls.gov/cex/csxgloss.htm http://www.census.gov/acs/www/ th

percentile) for an efficiency apartment for a single percentile)foranefficiencyapartmentasingle

th percentile of gross percentileofgross

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit IX UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit IX The databuildsonthesourcesfromHouseholdSurvivalBudget;differences areoutlinedbelow. essentials plusa10percentsavingsitemandcontingencyitem,aswelltaxesforeachcounty. the HouseholdSurvivalBudget. The HouseholdStabilityBudgetiscomprisedoftheactualcostfivehousehold The HouseholdStabilityBudgetrepresentsamorefinanciallystable,lessausterestandardoflivingcomparedto Household StabilityBudget 1. 7. 4. 3. 2. 6. apartment, ratherthananefficiencyattheFairMarketRentof40 Housing: to covercostoverruns. Miscellaneous: http://www.state.nj.us/treasury/taxation/pdf/other_forms/tgi-ee/2010/10_1040i.pdf State IncomeTax, FormsandInstructionsforrelevantyears,suchas: as: http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-prior/i1040--2012.pdf Internal RevenueService1040:IndividualIncomeTax, FormsandInstructionsforrelevantyears,such Data Sources: Treasury’s 1040:IndividualIncome Tax, FormsandInstructions.Localtaxesareincorporatedasapplicable. deductions andexemptionssuchasthePersonal Tax creditasdefinedineachstate Creditandrenter’s Revenue Service1040:IndividualIncome Tax, FormsandInstructions. They alsoincludestatetax as wellthefederalChild Tax CreditandtheChildDependentCareasdefinedinInternal Security andMedicaretaxes. These ratesincludestandardfederalandstatedeductionsexemptions, Taxes: Shared responsibilitypayment: CES Regiondefinitions: Bureau ofLaborStatistics(CES):http://www.bls.gov/cex/csxmsa.htm#y1112 Data Sources: health carespending. The penaltyfor2015was$325anadultand$975afamily. “shared responsibilitypayment”–thepenaltyfornothavingcoveragetocurrentout-of-pocket cases cannotafford eventheBronzeMarketplacepremiumsanddeductibles,weaddcostof changes fromthe Affordable Care Act (ACA).Because ALICE does notqualifyforMedicaidbutinmany the costofhealthinsurance.Startingwith2016 ALICE Reports,thehealthcarecostwillincorporate except forsingle-adulthouseholds,whicharedividedbytwo). The healthcarebudgetdoesnotinclude program-information/medicaid-and-chip-eligibility-levels/medicaid-chip-eligibility-levels.html instead ofrentforatwo-bedroomapartmentatthe40 based onthe American CommunitySurvey’s medianmonthlyownercostsforthosewithamortgage, with children,thebasisisatwo-bedroomapartmentatmedianrent;andhousingforfamily cars, andsingle-adult costsareforleasing, gasandmaintenancefor onecarasreportedbythe CES. transportation, familyexpensesincludecosts forleasingonecarandgas andmaintenancefortwo transportation forone,andhalfthecost of gasandmaintenancefor onecar. Wherethereisnopublic transportation foroneadult andgasmaintenanceforonecar;costsasingle adultincludepublic Transportation: Where thereispublic transportation,familytransportationexpensesinclude public as reportedbytheCES. (second offourlevels),adjusted forregionalvariation,plustheaveragecostof food awayfromhome Food: referral agenciesandreportedtothenationalorganization, ChildCare Aware. child careusedintheHouseholdSurvivalBudget.Data iscompiledbylocalchildcareresourceand center. These costsaretypicallymorethan30percenthigherthe costofregisteredhome-based Child Care: The childcarebudgetisbased onthecostofafullylicensedandaccreditedchildcare the taxcategorybelowforhouseholdswithamortgage. The food budgetisbasedontheUSDA’s ModerateLevelFoodPlan forcostoffoodathome re applicable, as well as Social The taxbudgetincludesbothfederalandstateincometaxeswhereapplicable,aswellSocial The housingbudgetforasingleadultisbasedonHUD’s medianrentforaone-bedroom The Miscellaneouscategoryincludes10percentofthebudgettotal(includingtaxes) http://www.bls.gov/cex/csxgloss.htm https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid-chip-program-information/

th percentile.Realestatetaxesareincludedin th percentile;foraheadofhousehold

demographics. the American CommunitySurveyincomecategoriesallowinganalysisof American CommunitySurvey To doso,wecalculate ALICE Thresholds foreachcountybasedontheHouseholdSurvivalBudgettomatch households notabletoafford itand,wherepossible,theirdemographicfeaturesandgeographicdistribution. In additiontounderstandingthebasiccostofliving,itisimportantknownumberandproportion METHODOLOGY: THEALICETHRESHOLD 8. 1. 7. 6. 5. are muchlargerasthesizeofcreditsandexemptionsdoesnotincreasewithincome. Taxes total (notincludingtaxes). to covercostoverruns.Inaddition,thereisasavingscategory. They areeach10percentofthebudget • • county inastate. for householdsheadedbysomeone65yearsandolder. They arecalculatedseparatelyforeach separate ALICE Thresholds: oneforhouseholdsheadedbysomeoneunder65years old,andanother Two Thresholds: Miscellaneous andSavings http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/news/2014/01/best-phone-plans-for-your-family-save-money/index.htm Data Source:ConsumerReports,CellPhonePlanComparison,2014 customer follow-up. The StabilityBudgetincludesthecostofasmartphoneforeachadultinfamily. to receiveworkschedules,changesinstarttimeorlocation,accesssupportservices,and Technology http://meps.ahrq.gov/mepsweb/data_stats/summ_tables/insr/state/series_7/2014/tviid2.htm contribution is50percentormore coverage atestablishmentsthatofferhealthinsurancewherepercentoflow-wageemployee Table VII.D.2. Average totalemployeecontribution(indollars)perenrolledforfamily http://meps.ahrq.gov/mepsweb/data_stats/summ_tables/insr/state/series_7/2014/tviic2.htm coverage atestablishmentsthatofferhealthinsurance Table VII.C.2. Average totalemployeecontribution(indollars)perenrolledforsingle http://meps.ahrq.gov/mepsweb/data_stats/summ_tables/insr/state/series_2/2014/tiic2.htm Table II.C.2 Average totalemployeecontribution relevant years(note:2007datanotavailable,2008wasusedinstead).Forexample: U.S. DepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesintheMedicalExpenditurePanelSurvey(MEPS)for Data Source: Panel Survey(MEPS). Also includedisout-of-pockethealthcarespendingasreportedintheCES. firm asreportedbytheU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesinMedicalExpenditure Health Care: HHSB Single Adult * Ave HHsize 65over include children. Therefore, the Threshold isbasedontheHousehold SurvivalBudgetforaSingle Adult. Threshold for65andover:Households headedbysomeone65yearsandolderarelesslikelyto the location. households inthisagegroup. The averagebudgetisthenadjustedtothehouseholdsizeof most expensiveHouseholdSurvivalBudget(Familyof Four),reflectingthewiderangeoftypes is basedontheaverageofleastexpensiveHousehold SurvivalBudget(Single Adult) andthe Threshold forunder65:The Threshold forhouseholdsheadedbysomeoneunder65yearsold : Taxes arecalculatedinthesamemanner astheHouseholdSurvivalBudget,butamounts Data arefromthe American CommunitySurvey: : Mostjobsnowrequireaccesstotheinternetandasmartphone. The healthcarecostsarebasedonemployer-sponsoredinsuranceatalow-wage (HHSB Single Adult +HHSBFamilyof4)/5* Ave HHsizeunder65 Becausetherearesignificantdifferences betweenhouseholdsbyage,there aretwo : As intheHouseholdSurvivalBudget,thereisa

http://www.census.gov/acs/www/

These arenecessary miscellaneous category

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit IX UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit IX only offundsspent,notanevaluationtheefficacyprogramsormeetinghouseholdneeds. in broaderways,suchastoattendcollege,orthatassistcommunities,likecommunitypolicing. The analysisis Survival Budget,suchas TANF andMedicaid.Itdoesnotincludeprogramsthatassistlow-incomehouseholds only programsdirectedspecificallyatlow-incomehouseholdsthatdirectlyhelpthemmeetthebasicHousehold There aremanyresourcesavailabletolow-incomefamilies.Publicassistanceusedinthisanalysisincludes Household incomeincludeswages,dividends,andSocialSecurity. cash governmentassistance,andin-kindpublicassistancethetotalneededtoreach ALICE Threshold. households. The toolmeasuresthe“UnfilledGap”betweentotalamountthathouseholdsreceiveinincome, The ALICE Income Assessment looksattheimpactofpublicandnonprofitresourcesonneeds ALICE METHODOLOGY: ALICEINCOME ASSESSMENT Note: To correctfromrounding, Above ALICE Threshold isadjustedsototalofthethreeincomecategoriesequals100percent. 4. 3. 1. 2. numbers Community Surveyformostdemographicgroups.Becausethedoesnotprovidepoverty of householdsinpovertyfromthe ALICE Threshold. Povertynumbersareprovidedbythe American Number of ALICE households: calculated atthecountylevel. 65 andolder. To ensurethatresultsreflectlocalconditionsascloselypossible,averagesare calculated as:thenumberofhouseholdsheadedbysomeone65andolderdividedpopulation population under65. The averagehouseholdsizeforhouseholdsheadedbysomeone65andolderis 65 iscalculatedas:thenumberofhouseholdsheadedbysomeoneunderdividedtotal Average HouseholdSize: The averagehouseholdsizeforhouseholdsheadedbysomeoneunder $50,000, $60,000,or$75,000. estimates forhouseholdincomeinthefollowingcategories:$30,000,$35,000,$40,000,$45,000, • • • • • Federal Spending: Household Income: EITC –EarnedIncome Tax Credit Development BlockGrants (CDBG). program (14.857)),Low-Income HomeEnergy Assistance Program (LIHEAP),andCommunity Work Vouchers, theSection8RentalVoucher program(14.855), or theformerSection8Certificate Housing Nutrition ProgramforWomen, Infants,andChildren(WIC). Breakfast Program,Childand Adult CareFoodProgram(CACFP), andSpecialSupplemental Food –SupplementalNutrition Assistance Program(SNAP),School LunchProgram,School grants arenotincluded. success, itisnotacomponentofthebasicHousehold SurvivalBudget,soprogramssuchasPell Children and Youth Education. Though post-secondary education isvitaltofutureeconomic Delinquent Childrenand Youth Education,RuralandLow-IncomeSchoolsProgram,Homeless necessary toenabletheirparentsworkareincluded. They areHeadStart,Neglectedand Child CareandEducation (SSI), andSocialServicesBlockGrant(SSBG). Social Services for race/ethnicity –Section8HousingChoice Vouchers (includingFairShareVouchers and Welfare-to- – Thisfigureincludesawidearrayofprograms Temporary Assistance forNeedyFamilies (TANF), Supplemental SecurityIncome The averagebudgetsareroundedtothetabulated , theincomecategoryoflessthan$15,000peryearisusedasaproxy –Onlyprogramsthathelpchildrenmeettheirbasicneedsorare The number of ALICE households is derived by subtracting the number : AmericanCommunitySurvey . Months ForHouseholds, American CommunitySurvey, 2012and2015. Supplemental SocialInsurance, B19066– Aggregate Supplemental SecurityIncome(SSI)inthePast12 and Statisticswebsite.http://www.fns.usda.gov/pd/supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program(SNAP)datafromU.S.Departmentof Agriculture (USDA),Data UploadedImages/SER%20Archive/State%20Expenditure%20Report%20(Fiscal%202014-2016)%20-%20S.pdf https://higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com/NASBO/9d2d2db1-c943-4f1b-b750-0fca152d64c2/ Expenditure Report:ExaminingFiscal2014-2016State Spending,”2016. State spendingdatawasgatheredfrom:National Association ofStateBudgetOfficers(NASBO),“State Income 990EZc3Reportand990c3Report,UrbanInstitute,2012 Non-Profit RevenueforHumanServices,registeredcharity–NCCSDataW https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionGPO.action?collectionCode=BUDGET Perspectives BudgetoftheU.S.Government,”GovernmentPrintingOffice,W Federal spendingdatawasgatheredfromOfficeofManagementandBudget,“Fiscal Earned incomeTax Credit–Federalspendingretrievedfrom https://www.usaspending.gov/DownloadCenter/Pages/DataDownload.aspx Department ofTreasury, “USAspending.govData Download,” BureauoftheFiscalService,accessed9/1/15. 2012, UrbanInstitute. Community HealthBenefits–NCCSData Web ReportBuilder, StatisticsofIncome 990c3Reportfor2010and Data Sources: 2. HealthCare: 4. 3. Revenue Service. and 990c3minusprogramservicerevenue,dues,governmentgrantsasreportedtotheInternal Services organizations.HumannonprofitprogramsarethosereportedonForm990EZc3 Nonprofit Assistance: Officers (NASBO),“StateExpenditureReport:ExaminingFiscal2012-2014StateSpending,”2014. workforce development.Spendingon ALICE wasestimatedfromtheNational Association ofStateBudget not pass-throughsfromthefederalgovernment,inareasofhealth,socialservices,transportation,and State andLocalGovernmentSpending: • • • as reportedonthe990c3Report. care andmeans-testedexpenses,includingUnreimbursedMedicaidminusdirectof Community HealthBenefits low-income pregnantwomenandauthorizedimmigrants. and expandchildhealthassistancetouninsured,low-incomechildrenand,atastate’ Children’s HealthInsuranceProgram(CHIP) low-income residents. Also knownastheMedical Assistance Program. Medicaid This figureincludes: –Providesmoneytostates,whichtheymustmatch,offer healthinsurancefor This figureincludesspendingbynonprofitorganizationsidentifiedasHuman –Spendingbyhospitalsonlow-incomepatientsthatincludescharity This figure includes funds from state and local government, Thisfigureincludesfundsfromstateandlocalgovernment, – Providesfundstostatesenablethemmaintain https://www.eitc.irs.gov/EITC-Central/eitcstats

eb ReportBuilder, Statisticsof ashington, DC.2016. Year 2016 Analytical fsetting revenue s discretion,to

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit IX UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit IX comparison acrossdifferent kindsofmeasures. Opportunities, andCommunityResources.EachofthesesetsconditionsisreflectedinanIndexthatallows that underlietheeconomichardshipfacedby ALICE householdsatthelocallevel:Housing Affordability, Job conditions thatmostaffect ALICE households. The EconomicViability Dashboardpresentstheconditions While therearemanymeasuresofgeneraleconomicconditions,isagapintheunderstanding METHODOLOGY: ECONOMICVIABILITYDASHBOARD 4. 2. 1. 3. • • • Index: Affordability Housing counties andupdatedonaregularbasis: The variablesnotedbelowforeachindexarethebestproxiesindicatorsthatavailableinall Data DefinitionsandSources: enabling theidentificationofgaps. This formatensuresthatpoorconditionsarenotconcealedbybetterresultsinanothercategory, thus Dashboard: Theconditionsaredisplayedasadashboardreflectingtheeconomicrealityofanarea. comparison tootherstates. in othercountiesthestate. These indicesareusedonlyfor comparisonwithinthestate,notfor of 100doesnotnecessarilymeanthatconditionsareverygood;itmeanstheybetterthan Each county’s scoreisrelativetoothercountiesinthestateandcomparedprioryears. A score scores reflectingbetterconditions.Datafrom2010isusedasthebaselineforcomparisonovertime. resulting scoresmoreaccessible,theyaretranslatedfromascaleof-3to31100,withhigher inverse relationship,i.e.,theunemploymentrate,scoresaremultipliedby-1.Inordertomake and zistheresultingz-score. All scoresmustmoveinapositive direction,soforvariableswithan value, μ is the unweighted average,σ the standard deviationfor that indicator where x is the indicator’s z=(x–μ)/σ general formulafornormalizingindicatorscoresis: measure howfaranyvaluefallsfromthemeanofset,measuredinstandarddeviations. The scores bymeasuringfromtheaverage.Rawindicatorareconvertedto“z-scores”,which Index: EachIndexintheDashboardcreatesacommonscaleacrossrates,percentages,andother • Job OpportunitiesIndex: are reportedforeachcountyinastate2007,2010,2012,andthemostcurrentyearavailable. the sameinallcommunitiesacrosscountry. Indexscoresrangefrom1to100,Economicconditions Local Conditions: Real Estate Taxes –Medianrealestatetaxes. Source: American CommunitySurvey, Table PD04 Housing Burden–Householdsspendingmorethan30 percentofincomeonhousing. Source: American CommunitySurveyand ALICE Thresholdcalculations assessment) comparedtothenumberofrenterandowner householdsbelowthe ALICE Threshold. afford whilespendingnomorethanone-thirdoftheirincomeonhousing(ALICEHousingStock Affordable HousingGap– The number ofavailableunits ALICE andpovertyhouseholdscan Source: American Community Survey, Table B19082 Income Distribution –ShareofIncomein theLowest Two Quintiles Source: American CommunitySurvey The Indexvariablesreflectthelocality, ratherthanresourcesorconditionsthatare

along theCensusbreaks. account thedistributionof income belowtheirthresholds,whilethe ALICE HousingStockassessmentdoesso U.S. DepartmentofHousing andUrbanDevelopment,2015). Also, theseotherapproaches donottakeinto or aflatrate(suchas$500) acrossallareas(Apgar, 1990;Goodman,2001;Quigley & Raphael,2001; county variationbutdoesnot necessarilyhavearelationtotheactualcostin area)orthebottomquintile threshold, whereasothermismatchapproachesuse either the Area MedianIncome(whichtakesintoaccount The ALICE HousingStockassessmentrelies ontheactualcostofhousingandacounty-level,cost-based the costofconstruction. include limitedlandavailabilityfornewhousing,zoning regulationsonthetypeofhousingthatcanbebuilt,and At thesametime,therearemanyconstraintson housing marketthatpreventitfromadjustingquickly. They The demographicandeconomicchangesdiscussed above arecausingsignificantshiftsinhousingdemand. families canafford, wedevelopedthe ALICE HousingStockassessment. rental andowner-occupiedunitsthatincludesbothgovernment-subsidizedmarket-ratehousing ALICE in agivencountythattheycanafford. Becausetherehasbeennoaccurateassessmentofthenumber between thenumberofhouseholdswithincomebelow ALICE Threshold andthenumberofhousing units An analysisofthenumberunitsthatareaffordable for ALICE familiesrevealsthatthereisindeedamismatch and alimitedsupplypushesuppricesforallunits. the typesofhousingunitsresidentswantatcertainpricelevelsdonotmatchthatexist, become outofsyncwhenitisslowtoadjustdemographicandeconomicchanges. A mismatchoccurswhen housing costisdeterminedbywhatsomeonewillingtopay. However, thehousingstockinanareacan One ofthemostdifficultconditionsthat ALICEhouseholds faceisthehighcostofhousing.Ultimately, ASSESSMENT ADDITIONAL ANALYSIS: ALICEHOUSINGSTOCK • • • • • Community ResourcesIndex: New HireWages (4 Source: American CommunitySurvey, Table S2301 Unemployment Rate–EmploymentStatus and Voting Survey. http://www.eac.gov/research/uocava_survey.aspx#2006eavsdata Election Administration andVoting SurveyandDataSets, Appendix C:2006Election Administration http://www.eac.gov/research/election_administration_and_voting_survey.aspx Sources: Election Administration andVoting SurveyandDataSets,SectionF, 2010,2012and2015 Social Capital–Percentofpopulation18andolderwhovotedinthemostrecentelection Source: American CommunitySurvey, Table S2701for2010and2013;B270012008 American CommunitySurvey, wheredatafrom2008todatehasbeencollected. through theSAHIEEstimatesusingCurrentPopulationSurvey(CPS)whichdoesnotmatch consistency withdatasets,for2007weused2008data.Priorto2008,wasonlyavailable Health Resources–Percentofpopulationunder65yearsoldwithhealthinsurance.For Source: American CommunitySurvey, Table S2301 Education Resources–3-and4-year-oldsenrolledinpreschool Source: LEDExtractionTool: http://ledextract.ces.census.gov/ th quarter)–QuarterlyWorkforce (QWI),U.S.Census Indicators

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit IX UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit IX http://www.selfsufficiencystandard.org/methodology-standard Pearce, D.(2015).Methodology oftheStandard.CenterforWomen’s Welfare, University ofWashington, 2015. O’Brien, R.L.,&Pedulla,D. S.(2010).BeyondthePovertyLine.StanfordSocialInnovation Review, 2014, fromhttp://www.njcommunityresources.info/njenergy.htm New JerseyEnergy Assistance Programs.(2013).NewJerseyCommunityResources.Retrieved February6, January 20,2016,fromhttp://www.ncsl.org/research/health/medicaid-eligibility-table-by-state-state-activit.aspx National ConferenceofStateLegislatures.(2014).Medicaid andCHIP Eligibility Table byState.Retrieved report forMillenialHousingCommission Goodman, J.(2001).Housing Affordability intheUnitedStates:Trends, InterpretationsandOutlook.Consulting Citro, C.F., &Michael,R. T.Poverty: ANew Approach.Washington, (1995).Measuring DC:National Academy Press. America. InD.DiPasquale&L.C.Keyes(Eds.),BuildingFoundations Apgar, W. J.(1990). The Nation’s Housing: A ReviewofPast Trends andFutureProspectsforHousing in REFERENCES [email protected] For questions,contactStephanieHoopes,nationaldirector, UnitedWay ALICEProject . ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 3. 2. 1. households thatarehousingburdenedrevealsexistingunitsnotperfectlyallocatedbyincome. all ALICE andpovertyhouseholds arecurrentlylivinginunitsthattheycanafford. The numberof households affordably. Suchacomparisonisboundtounderestimatetheneed,asitassumesthat households providessomeinsightintotheadditionalnumberofunitsneededtohouseall ALICE Comparison: Comparison • • units wherethehousingcostisbelowone-thirdof ALICE Threshold. Number of Affordable Units: The numberofaffordable unitsiscalculatedbytotalingthenumberof • • Housing Affordability: Definedasspendingnomorethanone-thirdofincomeonhousing. $300,000 to$499,999,$500,000$999,999,and$1,000,000over. $50,000, $50,000to$99,999,$100,000$149,999,$150,000$199,999,$200,000$299,999, in thetabulated Owner-occupied $749, $750to$999,$1,000$1,499,and$1,500ormore. Survey estimatesinthefollowingcategories:Lessthan$200,$200to$299,$300$499,$500- Renter-occupied Ownership Affordability Rental Affordability AmericanCommunitySurveyestimatesinthefollowingcategories:Lessthan : Basedontherealestatetaxesandmortgageofhousingvalueasreported : Basedonthegrossrentasreportedintabulated isbasedonthecostofrent. isbasedonthecostofmortgagepaymentsplusrealestatetaxes. betweenthenumberofaffordable unitsandthenumberof ALICE . (pp.25–59).UniversityofPennsylvania. AmericanCommunity 8 (4), 30–35. U.S. DepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopment.(2015).CHAS:Background;Dataset. http://www.fns.usda.gov/wic/wic-eligibility-requirements U.S. Departmentof Agriculture. (2015).WICEligibilityRequirements.RetrievedJanuary20,2016,from http://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/26/arts/how-to-define-poverty-let-us-count-the-ways.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm Uchitelle, L.(2001,May26).HowtoDefinePoverty?LetUsCounttheW Roberts, B.,Povich,D.,&Mather, M.(2012).Low-IncomeWorkingFamilies:TheGrowingEconomicGap European JournalofHousingPolicy Quigley, J.M.,&Raphael,S.(2001). The economicsofhomelessness: The evidencefromNorth America. U.S. Metropolitan Areas. Berkeley:InstituteofUrbanandRegionalDevelopment,UniversityCalifornia. Porter, C.,&Deakin,E.(1995).Socioeconomic andJourney-to-Work Data: A Compendiumforthe35Largest , 1(3),323–336. ays. NewYorkTimes. Retrievedfrom

UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – 2017 UPDATE FOR MICHIGAN – Exhibit IX ALICE is a registered trademark of the United Way of Northern New Jersey.

© Copyright 2009–2017 United Way of Northern New Jersey. All rights reserved. No further use, copying, dissemination, distribution, or publication is permitted without the express written permission of United Way of Northern New Jersey.