DOCSLIB.ORG

Ludwig Erhard a Biography 1St Edition Ebook, Epub

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ludwig Erhard a Biography 1St Edition Ebook, Epub LUDWIG ERHARD A BIOGRAPHY 1ST EDITION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Alfred C Mierzejewski | 9781469621395 | | | | | Ludwig Erhard A Biography 1st edition PDF Book List of members of the 3rd Bundestag. In December , less than a month after he had assumed the American presidency upon the assassination of John F. The other ministers who were members of the FDP followed his example — the coalition was broken. Prices skyrocketed. The commission began its deliberations in October , and the following April produced the so-called Homburg plan, elements of which were adopted by the Allies in the currency reform that set the stage for the recovery of the economy. In , he was re-elected. Price controls on other goods and services led to shortages and a massive black market. First Erhard cabinet — The Sakharov Prize is going to the opposition movement in Belarus. Wrong language? The currency reform was highly complex, with many people taking a substantial reduction in their net wealth. Speaker: Alfred Loritz. In he became the director of the bizonal Office of Economic Opportunity and, in that capacity, advised U. Crafted by U. But how did Germany accomplish such a feat? Visitors may be excused for thinking they are in Disney World. Yet twenty years later its economy was envied by most of the world. You can find more information in our data protection declaration. Members of the 3rd Bundestag Barter also was so widespread in business-to-business transactions that a new job title in many firms was that of "compensator. As many other families, they left their men to fight in the war. Erhard failed to understand that American global interests—not Europe's needs—dictated policy in Washington, D. After the Soviets withdrew from the Allied Control Authority, Clay, along with his French and British counterparts, undertook a currency reform on Sunday, June 20, Date of experience: July By December the index had risen to 78 percent of its level. During the war, Hitler had instituted food rations, limiting its civilian population to no more than 2, calories per day. But the social market economy is still seen today as the foundation for the country's continued success. Second Erhard cabinet — He served as German chancellor from to Hirshleifer, Jack W. The western half became a democracy. The goal of the museum aims on transmitting the life and the work of Erhard and the voluntary sector of market to a wide public and at uniting the political, historic and economic education. By October average absenteeism was down to 4. List of members of the 6th Bundestag. Share another experience before you go. Gmund am Tegernsee. Speaker: Herbert Wehner. After the war Erhard became an economic consultant. When is Ludwig Erhard Zentrum open? At the time, observers thought that Germany would have to be the biggest client of the U. Hotels near Ludwig Erhard Zentrum: 0. Fourth Adenauer cabinet — Kennedy , Johnson staged the first ever presidential barbecue in Erhard's honor. Erhard's financial and economic policies soon proved widely popular as the German economy made a miracle recovery to rapid growth and widespread prosperity in the s, overcoming wartime destruction and successfully integrating millions of refugees from the east. Hyperinflation essentially ruined the economy and led to Hitler's rise. Ludwig Erhard A Biography 1st edition Writer Surprisingly, there wasn't much to compare. Yet in , the amount of money in the German economy—currency plus demand deposits—was five times its level. The other ministers who were members of the FDP followed his example — the coalition was broken. You can find more information in our data protection declaration. Belarus opposition wins European Parliament rights award. Speaker: Alfred Loritz. This led to the near-immediate collapse of East Germany. Wikiquote has quotations related to: Ludwig Erhard. In other words, industrial production had increased by over 50 percent. We recommend booking Ludwig Erhard Zentrum tours ahead of time to secure your spot. Members of the 3rd Bundestag While Erhard had designed this policy to assure currency stability and stimulate the economy via consumption, business feared the scarcity of investment capital would retard economic recovery. Country Economy. In short, Germany was a ruined state facing an incredibly bleak future. They took their wares—personal effects, old clothes, sticks of furniture, whatever bombed-out remnants they had—and came back with grain or potatoes for a week or two. They were here for nearly four hours. Through his endorsement of the American goal of military victory in Vietnam, Erhard sought closer collaboration with Washington and less with Paris. Ceiling prices on many other goods were raised substantially, and many remaining controls were no longer enforced. In , while vice president , Johnson had hosted Konrad Adenauer some two years before the German statesman vacated the chancellorship of the German Federal Republic. Related Material on Econlib:. About the CEE. The goal of the museum aims on transmitting the life and the work of Erhard and the voluntary sector of market to a wide public and at uniting the political, historic and economic education. Yale University economist and later Federal Reserve governor Henry Wallich, in his book, Mainsprings of the German Revival, wrote: Each day, and particularly on weekends, vast hordes of people trekked out to the country to barter food from the farmers. The two main factors were a currency reform and the elimination of price controls, both of which happened over a period of weeks in The currency was scheduled to be introduced on June 21, What hotels are near Ludwig Erhard Zentrum? Unrest and strikes ensued. Former Nazi Rally Ground Tour 3 reviews. Investopedia is part of the Dotdash publishing family. As West Germany was in its infancy, there became a heavy debate over the direction of the new state's fiscal policy. List of members of the 4th Bundestag. But, remarkably, Erhard proved everyone wrong. In the wake of a teacher's brutal murder, France has cracked down on suspected Islamist radicals for promoting "hatred and violence. But it would be a long time before the two sides would be equal. The reasons for Erhard's reluctance are unknown, but it is probable that they stemmed from Erhard's general scepticism about party politics. He attended the opening and was here the previous evening for a special VIP tour. As many other families, they left their men to fight in the war. Share your best travel photo. Personal Finance. Ludwig Erhard A Biography 1st edition Reviews The School was called Soziate Marktwirtschaft, the "socially conscious free market. Late in the s, Erhard's ministry became involved in the struggle within the society between the European and the Anglo-American factions, and sided with the former. Speaker: Helene Wessel. Adenauer and Erhard had also stayed at Johnson's ranch in Gillespie County. In May of , Germans missed approximately 9. Fourth Adenauer cabinet — Erhard became vice-chancellor in , but antagonism between him and Adenauer grew more pronounced, and in Adenauer tried to exclude…. Investopedia uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. It starts with pocket money, with shopping. Speaker: Heinrich Krone. Politics against Economics Your Money. According to Alfred Mierzejewski the generally accepted view is that Germany has a social market economy, that the post-war German economy has evolved since , but the fundamental characteristics of that economic system have not changed, while in his opinion the social market economy had begun to fade in , disappearing entirely by the late s. Output continued to grow by leaps and bounds after The learning supermarket is just what it sounds like, a tiny shop filled with miniature wooden fruit, fish, plastic chickens and cans and even small shopping charts. Download as PDF Printable version. Full view. Price decontrol would end repression. By October average absenteeism was down to 4. Erhard's policy complicated Allied initiatives toward German unification, a dilemma that the United States placed on the back burner as it focused on Southeast Asia. Both were necessary, he thought, to end repressed inflation. Stadthalle Nurmburg U-Bahn 7 min. West Germany's growth continued over the years. Any machinery in the eastern part of the country that was in working order was packed up and shipped back to the Soviet Union. Breakthrough The answer is no. As East Germany set about on its planned economy and the US put its weight behind a free market economy, Erhard created the social market economy. When is Ludwig Erhard Zentrum open? After The effect on the German economy was electric. Can't the German revival be attributed mainly to that? Restaurants near Ludwig Erhard Zentrum: 0. Ludwig Erhard : A Biography. Erhard had a fun summer. Like every country, Germany has its own unique set of rules when it comes to applying for a job. Ludwig Erhard A Biography 1st edition Read Online The new law allowed and encouraged Erhard to eliminate price controls. The government promoted social justice with…. Christian Democratic Union. The reasons for Erhard's reluctance are unknown, but it is probable that they stemmed from Erhard's general scepticism about party politics. How to apply for the perfect job in Germany. Roosevelt and Churchill also imposed price controls. The war, along with Hitler's scorched- earth policy, had destroyed 20 percent of all housing. The Ludwig Erhard Center LEZ has now been open for just over a year and soon expects its 50,th visitor, well over the 25,, a year that its creators dreamed of. The Allies decided to ration food and put wage and price controls in place, which only led to black market activity and hoarding. Learn More in these related Britannica articles:.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Smes in the Idea of Ludwig Erhard's Social Market Economy
    SMEs in the idea of Ludwig Erhard’s Social Market Economy Matthias Schäfer Head of Team Economic Policy Konrad-Adenauer-Foundation, Berlin 4 The „Entrepreneur“ in the eyes Ludwig Erhard Matthias Schäfer Head of Team Economic Policy [email protected] Schmöckwitz, 22 August 2018 www.kas.de Content › Ludwig Erhard and the model of Social Market Economy › The role of entrepreneurship in a Social Market Economy: The „honourable“ entrepreneur › The current situation of entrepreneurship in Germany The „Entrepreneur“ Ludwig Erhard › 4 February 1897 – 5 May 1977 › 1949-1963 Minister of Economic affairs › Chief architect of the „Social market economy“ and the „economic miracle“ › 1963-1966 Chancellor of West Germany The „Entrepreneur“ 7 © Bundesarchiv The social market economy › Is based on „free entrepreneurship“ › Has an economic and socio-political function › Regulatory Policy instead of Planned Economy The „Entrepreneur“ 8 © Bundesarchiv Economic Models after WW II Laissez-faire liberalism Socialistic Centralised Economies e.g.: UdSSR e.g.: : USA 1. Socialism will always fail!! 2. Capitalism (understood as laissez-faire liberalism) is curable!! The social market economy How to cure capitalism? Keynesian thinking: • Public intervention during an ecomimic crises via fiscal policy or monetary policy • Public withdrawing in times of ecomic upsing Ordoliberal thinking of founding fathers of Social Market Economy (Walter Eucken, Freiburg School of Economics): • Public framework for the markets (automatic stabilisation in opposition to market
    [Show full text]
  • Central Europe
    Central Europe West Germany FOREIGN POLICY wTHEN CHANCELLOR Ludwig Erhard's coalition government sud- denly collapsed in October 1966, none of the Federal Republic's major for- eign policy goals, such as the reunification of Germany and the improvement of relations with its Eastern neighbors, with France, NATO, the Arab coun- tries, and with the new African nations had as yet been achieved. Relations with the United States What actually brought the political and economic crisis into the open and hastened Erhard's downfall was that he returned empty-handed from his Sep- tember visit to President Lyndon B. Johnson. Erhard appealed to Johnson for an extension of the date when payment of $3 billion was due for military equipment which West Germany had bought from the United States to bal- ance dollar expenses for keeping American troops in West Germany. (By the end of 1966, Germany paid DM2.9 billion of the total DM5.4 billion, provided in the agreements between the United States government and the Germans late in 1965. The remaining DM2.5 billion were to be paid in 1967.) During these talks Erhard also expressed his government's wish that American troops in West Germany remain at their present strength. Al- though Erhard's reception in Washington and Texas was friendly, he gained no major concessions. Late in October the United States and the United Kingdom began talks with the Federal Republic on major economic and military problems. Relations with France When Erhard visited France in February, President Charles de Gaulle gave reassurances that France would not recognize the East German regime, that he would advocate the cause of Germany in Moscow, and that he would 349 350 / AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK, 1967 approve intensified political and cultural cooperation between the six Com- mon Market powers—France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg.
    [Show full text]
  • The Basic Law at 60 - Equality and Difference: a Proposal for the Guest List to the Birthday Party
    University of Michigan Law School University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository Articles Faculty Scholarship 2010 The aB sic Law at 60 - Equality and Difference: A Proposal for the Guest List to the Birthday Party Susanne Baer University of Michigan Law School, [email protected] Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/articles/33 Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/articles Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, Constitutional Law Commons, and the Law and Gender Commons Recommended Citation Baer, Susanne. "The asicB Law at 60 - Equality and Diffeernce: A Proposal for the Guest List to the Birthday Party." German L. J. 11 (2010): 67-87. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by an authorized administrator of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Basic Law at 60 - Equality and Difference: A Proposal for the Guest List to the Birthday Party By Susanne Baer A. Introduction This birthday gives rise to many considerations. Some reflect upon achievements - the German constitution, named "Basic Law", has proven to work although many did not believe in it when it was framed. Others emphasize desiderata. Sabine Berghahn commented at the 50th birthday that it has developed "far too slowly and [some] has even gone completely wrong." ' Jutta Limbach, former President of the Federal Constitutional Court, observed that constitutional history was "anything but regal, but very difficult and full of obstacles.
    [Show full text]
  • Bundeskanzler Ludwig Erhard Außenpolitiker Im Weltpolitischen Wandel Vorwort
    Helmut Welge Bundeskanzler Ludwig Erhard Außenpolitiker im weltpolitischen Wandel Vorwort Ludwig Erhard, 1897 als Sohn eines Weißwaren-Einzelhändlers in Fürth geboren, fand erst sehr spät in die Politik. Bis zu seinem 48. Lebensjahr hatte er keinerlei politische Interessen. In der Weimarer Republik und während der Nationalsozia- listischen Herrschaft hatte der promovierte Diplomkaufmann bei verschiedenen universitätsnahen Instituten im Raum Nürnberg/Fürth wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Positionen bekleidet und dabei Kontakte zu namhaften wirtschaftsliberalen Ordina- rien deutscher Universitäten wie Wilhelm Röpke, Walter Eucken und Alfred Müller- Armack geknüpft. In mehreren Schriften kritisierte er ausdrücklich die Kommando- wirtschaft des Dritten Reiches und vertrat seine ordoliberalen Anschauungen einer freien Marktwirtschaft – mit denen er bei Fortdauer des Nazi-Reiches sicherlich in Ungnade gefallen wäre. Seine Ausgangsposition bei Ende des II. Weltkrieges war daher denkbar günstig, als die amerikanische Besatzungsmacht für das Land Bayern einen Wirtschaftsminis- ter suchte – und ihn in Erhard fand. Dieses Amt trat er im Oktober 1945 an. Nach Querelen mit den Amerikanern verlor er bereits im Juni 1946 dieses Amt und lehrte kurzzeitig als Honorarprofessor Volkswirtschaft an der Universität München. Über den im Jahre 1947 in der amerikanische und britische Besatzungszone (Bi- Zone) gebildeten Sachverständigenrat für eine Währungsreform, deren Vorsitz Er- hard bekleidete, wurde er zum erfolgreichen Protagonisten der D-Mark-Einführung 1948 und Abschaffung der Zwangsbewirtschaftung, verbunden mit einer Aufhebung aller Preisbindungen für Konsumgüter. Es war daher folgerichtig, dass Bundeskanzler Konrad Adenauer ihn 1949 als Wirtschaftsminister in sein erstes Kabinett berief. Dieses Amt übte Ludwig Erhard, der die soziale Marktwirtschaft zu seinem Credo erhoben hatte, bis zu seiner Wahl als Bundeskanzler im Oktober 1963 ununterbrochen aus.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of German-Scandinavian Relations
    A History of German – Scandinavian Relations A History of German-Scandinavian Relations By Raimund Wolfert A History of German – Scandinavian Relations Raimund Wolfert 2 A History of German – Scandinavian Relations Table of contents 1. The Rise and Fall of the Hanseatic League.............................................................5 2. The Thirty Years’ War............................................................................................11 3. Prussia en route to becoming a Great Power........................................................15 4. After the Napoleonic Wars.....................................................................................18 5. The German Empire..............................................................................................23 6. The Interwar Period...............................................................................................29 7. The Aftermath of War............................................................................................33 First version 12/2006 2 A History of German – Scandinavian Relations This essay contemplates the history of German-Scandinavian relations from the Hanseatic period through to the present day, focussing upon the Berlin- Brandenburg region and the northeastern part of Germany that lies to the south of the Baltic Sea. A geographic area whose topography has been shaped by the great Scandinavian glacier of the Vistula ice age from 20000 BC to 13 000 BC will thus be reflected upon. According to the linguistic usage of the term
    [Show full text]
  • Local Expellee Monuments and the Contestation of German Postwar Memory
    To Our Dead: Local Expellee Monuments and the Contestation of German Postwar Memory by Jeffrey P. Luppes A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Germanic Languages and Literatures) in The University of Michigan 2010 Doctoral Committee: Professor Andrei S. Markovits, Chair Professor Geoff Eley Associate Professor Julia C. Hell Associate Professor Johannes von Moltke © Jeffrey P. Luppes 2010 To My Parents ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Writing a dissertation is a long, arduous, and often lonely exercise. Fortunately, I have had unbelievable support from many people. First and foremost, I would like to thank my advisor and dissertation committee chair, Andrei S. Markovits. Andy has played the largest role in my development as a scholar. In fact, his seminal works on German politics, German history, collective memory, anti-Americanism, and sports influenced me intellectually even before I arrived in Ann Arbor. The opportunity to learn from and work with him was the main reason I wanted to attend the University of Michigan. The decision to come here has paid off immeasurably. Andy has always pushed me to do my best and has been a huge inspiration—both professionally and personally—from the start. His motivational skills and dedication to his students are unmatched. Twice, he gave me the opportunity to assist in the teaching of his very popular undergraduate course on sports and society. He was also always quick to provide recommendation letters and signatures for my many fellowship applications. Most importantly, Andy helped me rethink, re-work, and revise this dissertation at a crucial point.
    [Show full text]
  • Deutscher Bundestag 89
    Deutscher Bundestag 89. Sitzung Bonn, den 17. Oktober 1963 Inhalt: Bekanntgabe der Bildung der Bundesregie rung 4185 A Eidesleistung der Bundesminister 4185 D, 4186 Glückwünsche zum Geburtstag des Abg Müller (Erbendorf) 4187 A Nächste Sitzung 4187 A Anlage 4189 - Deutscher Bundestag — 4. Wahlperiode — 89. Sitzung. Bonn, Donnerstag, den 17. Oktober 1963 4185 89. Sitzung Bonn, den 17. Oktober 1963 Stenographischer Bericht Dr. Erich Mende zum Bundesminister für gesamtdeutsche Fragen Beginn: 15.01 Uhr Alois Ni e der alt zum Bundesminister für Angelegenheiten des Bundesrates und der Präsident D. Dr. Gerstenmaier: Die Sitzung Länder ist eröffnet. Meine Damen und Herren, ich rufe auf Punkt 1 Dr. Bruno Heck zum Bundesminister für der Tagesordnung: Familie und Jugend Bekanntgabe der Bildung der Bundesregie- Hans L e n z zum Bundesminister für wissen- rung. schaftliche Forschung Der Herr Bundespräsident hat mir das folgende Dr. Werner Dollinger zum Bundesschatz Schreiben übersandt: minister Gemäß Artikel 64 Absatz 1 des Grundgesetzes Walter Scheel zum Bundesminister für wirt- habe ich auf Vorschlag des Herrn Bundeskanz- schaftliche Zusammenarbeit lers zu Bundesministern ernannt: Dr. Elisabeth Schwarzhaupt zum Bundes- Dr. Gerhard Schröder zum Bundesminister minister für Gesundheitswesen des Auswärtigen Dr. Heinrich KT o n e zum Bundesminister für Hermann Höcherl zum Bundesminister des besondere Aufgaben. Innern Meine Damen und Herren, nach Art. 64 des Dr. Ewald Bucher zum Bundesminister der Grundgesetzes leisten auch die Bundesminister bei Justiz der Amtsübernahme den in Art. 56 des Grundgeset- Dr. Rolf Dahlgrün zum Bundesminister der zes vorgesehenen Eid. Ich rufe daher Punkt 2 der Finanzen Tagesordnung auf: Kurt Schmück er zum Bundesminister für Eidesleistung der Bundesminister.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Introduction
    Notes 1 Introduction 1. What belongs together will now grow together (JK). 2. The well-known statement from Brandt is often wrongly attributed to the speech he gave one day after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the West Berlin City Hall, Rathaus Schöneberg. This error is understandable since it was added later to the publicized version of the speech with the consent of Brandt himself (Rother, 2001, p. 43). By that time it was already a well known phrase since it featured prominently on a SPD poster with a picture of Brandt in front of the partying masses at the Berlin Wall. The original statement was made by Brandt during a radio interview on 10 November for SFP-Mittagecho where he stated: ‘Jetzt sind wir in einer Situation, in der wieder zusammenwächst, was zusammengehört’ (‘Now we are in a situation in which again will grow together what belongs together’). 3. The Treaty of Prague with Czechoslovakia, signed 11 December 1973, finalized the Eastern Treaties. 4. By doing this, I aim to contribute to both theory formation concerning inter- national politics and foreign policy and add to the historiography of the German question and reunification policy. Not only is it important to com- pare theoretical assumptions against empirical data, by making the theoretical assumptions that guide the historical research explicit, other scholars are enabled to better judge the quality of the research. In the words of King et al. (1994, p. 8): ‘If the method and logic of a researcher’s observations and infer- ences are left implicit, the scholarly community has no way of judging the validity of what was done.’ This does not mean that the historical research itself only serves theory formation.
    [Show full text]
  • Central Europe
    Central Europe West Germany FOREIGN POLICY AND STATUS OF BERLIN OUBJECTS discussed during British Premier Harold Wilson's offi- cial visit to Bonn from March 7 to 9 included the maintenance of the British Rhine Army in Germany, the continuation of German currency aid for the United Kingdom, and a new approach to German reunification. When East German authorities tried to interfere with the meeting of the Bundestag in Berlin on April 7 by disrupting traffic to and from the former capital, the Western Allies protested sharply. In his opening speech Eugen Gerstenmaier, president of the Bundestag, emphasized the right of the Fed- eral parliament to meet in West Berlin and denied that the session was an act of provocation. During the Easter holidays 300,000 West Berliners were permitted to visit relatives in the Eastern zone of the divided city. About a million Berliners crossed the Berlin Wall and spent Christmas with their relatives, after the renewal of an agreement in November. Queen Elizabeth II of England and her consort the Duke of Edinburgh made an official visit to West Germany and West Berlin in May, and were cheered by the population. Attempts by Foreign Minister Gerhard Schroder to bring about an improvement in relations with the United Kingdom during this visit were viewed skeptically by Franz-Josef Strauss, chairman of the Christian Social Union (CSU), representing the pro-French wing of the coalition. French President Charles de Gaulle's talks with Chancellor Ludwig Erhard in Bonn in June were described as "positive," but did not lead to an agree- ment on a conference to discuss the reorganization of the Common Market and other matters pertaining to the European community.
    [Show full text]
  • Bd. 5: Deutsch- 29 Hs
    willy brandt Berliner Ausgabe willy brandt Berliner Ausgabe Herausgegeben von helga grebing, gregor schöllgen und heinrich august winkler Im Auftrag der Bundeskanzler-Willy-Brandt-Stiftung band 1: Hitler ist nicht Deutschland. Jugend in Lübeck – Exil in Norwegen 1928 – 1940 band 2: Zwei Vaterländer. Deutsch-Norweger im schwedischen Exil – Rückkehr nach Deutschland 1940 – 1947 band 3: Berlin bleibt frei. Politik in und für Berlin 1947 – 1966 band 4: Auf dem Weg nach vorn. Willy Brandt und die SPD 1947 – 1972 band 5: Die Partei der Freiheit. Willy Brandt und die SPD 1972 – 1992 band 6: Ein Volk der guten Nachbarn. Außen- und Deutschlandpolitik 1966 – 1974 band 7: Mehr Demokratie wagen. Innen- und Gesellschaftspolitik 1966 – 1974 band 8: Über Europa hinaus. Dritte Welt und Sozialistische Internationale band 9: Die Entspannung unzerstörbar machen. Internationale Beziehungen und deutsche Frage 1974 – 1982 band 10: Gemeinsame Sicherheit. Internationale Beziehungen und deutsche Frage 1982 – 1992 willy brandt Berliner Ausgabe band 5 Die Partei der Freiheit Willy Brandt und die SPD 1972 – 1992 Bearbeitet von karsten rudolph Verlag J.H.W. Dietz Nachf. GmbH Die Bundeskanzler-Willy-Brandt-Stiftung bedankt sich für die groß- zügige finanzielle Unterstützung der gesamten Berliner Ausgabe bei: Frau Ursula Katz, Northbrook, Illinois Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach-Stiftung, Essen Otto Wolff von Amerongen-Stiftung, Köln Stiftungsfonds Deutsche Bank im Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft e. V., Essen Stiftung Deutsche Klassenlotterie Berlin Deutsche Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Hamburg Bankgesellschaft Berlin AG Herlitz AG, Berlin Metro AG, Köln Schering AG, Berlin Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; dataillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar.
    [Show full text]
  • Abbreviations
    ABBREVIATIONS AB Akten der Kirchlichen Bruderschaft im Rheinland, Landeskirchenamt, Düsseldorf ABC atomic, biological, chemical ASD Archiv der sozialen Demokratie, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, Bonn BA FDP Bundestag Archiv, Bonn BA-MA Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv, Freiburg BHA Bundeshauptausschuss, Politisches Archiv der Friedrich Naumann Stif- tung, Bonn BK Büro Kloppenburg, Evangelisches Zentralarchiv, Berlin BRD Bundesrepublik Deutschland [Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) or West Germany] BV Bundesvorstand, Archiv des DGB-Bundesvorstandes, Düsseldorf BVA Bundesverteidigungsausschuss (or Bundesausschuss für Verteidigungs- fragen), Politisches Archiv der Friedrich Naumann Stiftung, Bonn BW Bundeswehr CDU Christlich Demokratische Union [Christian Democratic Union] CNA Committee against Nuclear Armaments [same as KgA] CND Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament CSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe CSU Christlich Soziale Union [Christian Social Union] DDR Deutsche Demokratische Republik [German Democratic Republic (GDR) or East Germany] DFU Deutsche Friedens-Union [German Peace Union] DGB Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund [German Federation of Trade Unions] DP Deutsche Partei [German Party] EDC European Defense Community EKD Evangelische Kirche Deutschland [Evangelical Church of Germany, or Protestant Church] EM Erich Mende Bestand, Politisches Archiv der Friedrich Naumann Stif- tung, Bonn EO Erich Ollenhauer Nachlass, Archiv der sozialen Demokratie, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, Bonn EZB Evangelisches Zentralarchiv, Berlin FAZ Frankfurter Allgemeine
    [Show full text]
  • Biographische Angaben Zu Den Mitgliedern Des Parlamentarischen Rates Während Der Zeit Des Nationalsozialismus
    Biographische Angaben zu den Mitgliedern des Parlamentarischen Rates während der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus - Ausarbeitung - © 2009 Deutscher Bundestag WD 1 - 3000 - .../ Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages Verfasser/in: Biographische Angaben zu den Mitgliedern des Parlamentarischen Rates während der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus Ausarbeitung WD 1 - 3000 - .../ Abschluss der Arbeit: Fachbereich WD 1: Geschichte, Zeitgeschichte und Politik Telefon: Ausarbeitungen und andere Informationsangebote der Wissenschaftlichen Dienste geben nicht die Auffassung des Deutschen Bundestages, eines seiner Organe oder der Bundestagsverwaltung wieder. Vielmehr liegen sie in der fachlichen Verantwortung der Verfasserinnen und Verfasser sowie der Fachbereichsleitung. Die Arbeiten der Wissenschaftlichen Dienste sind dazu bestimmt, Mitglieder des Deutschen Bundestages bei der Wahrnehmung des Mandats zu unterstützen. Der Deutsche Bundestag behält sich die Rechte der Veröffentlichung und Verbreitung vor. Beides bedarf der Zustimmung der Leitung der Abteilung W. - Zusammenfassung - Dem Parlamentarischen Rat gehörten insgesamt 77 Personen an. Zu den 65 offiziellen Mitgliedern kamen fünf Vertreter Berlins (ohne Stimmrecht) sowie sieben Nachrücker hinzu. Auf Grundlage der für diese Ausarbeitung herangezogenen Sekundärliteratur zum Thema sowie Biographien und Quelleneditionen, kann bei keinem der 77 Personen eine Mitgliedschaft in der NSDAP nachgewiesen werden. Es scheint ganz im Gegenteil so zu sein, dass eines der einigenden Bänder der Mitglieder des Rates, quer über alle Parteigrenzen hinweg, die Gegnerschaft zum Nationalsozialismus gewesen ist. Aus den 77 Kurzbiographien gehen darüber hinaus ganz unterschiedliche Arten von Verfolgung, Diskriminierung, Deportation, Haft, Flucht, Emigration und „Innerer Emigration“ her- vor. Die Darstellung dieser individuellen Lebensschicksale ist weder in statistischen Angaben möglich, noch sind sie katalogisierbar. Deshalb werden die individuellen Le- bensschicksale in dieser Ausarbeitung in der gebotenen Kürze individuell dargestellt.
    [Show full text]