SAE Vehicle Dynamics Technology Collection : Technical Papers
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Suspension Geometry and Computation
Suspension Geometry and Computation By the same author: The Shock Absorber Handbook, 2nd edn (Wiley, PEP, SAE) Tires, Suspension and Handling, 2nd edn (SAE, Arnold). The High-Performance Two-Stroke Engine (Haynes) Suspension Geometry and Computation John C. Dixon, PhD, F.I.Mech.E., F.R.Ae.S. Senior Lecturer in Engineering Mechanics The Open University, Great Britain. This edition first published 2009 Ó 2009 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Registered office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com. The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. -
Meritor® Independent Front Suspension Drivetrain System
MERITOR® INDEPENDENT FRONT SUSPENSION DRIVETRAIN SYSTEM Meritor’s state-of-the-art modular drivetrain system for all-wheel drive (AWD) commercial trucks features the Independent Front Suspension (IFS) module equipped with modern steering geometry and air disc brake technology, and a low-profile shift on-the-fly transfer case. The IFS, available in drive or non-drive options, is a part of Meritor’s field-proven and widely acclaimed ProTec™ ISAS® line of independent suspensions. This bolt-on, modular solution does not require modifications to existing frame rails and maintains vehicle ride height. FEATURES AND BENEFITS ■ Proven Independent Suspension Axle System technology – The ISAS product line has been fitted on high-mobility vehicles for over 20 years. The Independent Front Suspension system leverages decades of expertise in designing and manufacturing field-proven systems. ■ Bolt-on system – The Independent Front Suspension does not require modifications to frame rails ■ 5 to 12 inch ride height reduction – Improves vehicle roll stability versus best-in-class beam axle ■ Modular solution – Maintains the same ride height of a rear-wheel drive (RWD) truck ■ Lower center of gravity – Better vehicle maneuverability and stability for safe and confident handling ■ 60 percent reduction in cab and driver-absorbed power – Ride harshness improvements as well as reduction in unwanted steering feedback lead to less physical fatigue for the driver, and higher reliability of the cab ■ 2-times the wheel travel – The Independent Front Suspension provides -
Motorcycle Rear Suspension
Project Number: RD4-ABCK Motorcycle Rear Suspension A MAJOR QUALIFYING PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE BY JACOB BRYANT ALLYSA GRANT ZACHARY WALSH DATE SUBMITTED: 26 April 2018 REPORT SUBMITTED TO: Professor Robert Daniello Worcester Polytechnic Institute Abstract Motorcycle suspension is critical to ensuring both safety and comfort while riding. In recent years, older Honda CB motorcycles have become increasingly popular. While the demand has increased, the outdated suspension technology has remained the same. In order to give these classic motorcycles the safety and comfort of modern bikes, we designed, analyzed and built a modular suspension system. This system replaces the old twin-shock rear suspension with a mono- shock design that utilizes an off-the-shelf shock absorber from a modern sport bike. By using this modern shock technology combined with a mechanical linkage design, we were able to create a system that greatly improved the progressiveness and travel of the rear suspension. Acknowledgements The success of our project has been the result of many individuals over the course of the past eight months, and it is our privilege to recognize and thank these individuals for their unwavering help and support throughout this process. First and foremost, we would like to thank our Worcester Polytechnic Institute advisor, Professor Robert Daniello for his guidance throughout this project. His comments and constructive criticism regarding our design and manufacturing strategies were crucial for us in realizing our product. We would also like to thank two other groups at WPI: The Mechanical Engineering department at WPI and the Lab Staff in Washburn Shops. -
Application Note #5 Failure Analysis of a Motorcycle Suspension
Application Note #5 Failure Analysis of a Motorcycle Suspension The Summary Failed metal parts can have catastrophic consequences depending on the application. In a motor vehicle, if the part fails while the vehicle is traveling at high speeds, a horrible accident could result. Determining the mechanisms of failure, when one has occurred, can lead to improvements or to eliminate the problem. This note shows the application of a variety of microscopy techniques to examining a failed motorcycle fork. Introduction an after-market company, to change the steering geometry as part of the installation For steering a motorcycle a triple clamp of a sidecar. Installing a modified triple assembly holds the telescoping front fork clamp minimizes the cost of adding a tubes and headset bearings. These sidecar to a motorcycle. This is usually done assemblies pivot to steer the motorcycle. In to minimize the effort needed to steer the the design, the lower clamp is larger, and motorcycle when a sidecar is attached. carries much of the mechanical load from the front wheel, brakes and suspension, into For this particular situation, the lower clamp the bike's frame. was modified by cutting and welding. After a while the vehicle acquired a persistent pull to the right. The owner suspected the modified triple clamp. When the assembly was taken apart they found that the clamp had cracked around the modification of the left fork tube. The damage was so bad that the fork tubes were out of parallel. The damaged part was replaced and a catastrophic failure was averted. But what went on? In the failure analysis described in this note, this particular clamp had been modified by ©2017 Analytical Answers, Inc. -
Delivering the Connection Between Rider and Road
DELIVERING THE CONNECTION BETWEEN RIDER AND ROAD HIGH PERFORMANCE MOTORCYCLE SUSPENSION Products for Harley-Davidson & Indian Motorcycles progressive suspension it’s how we feel 490 sport SERIES brave new performance PURE PERFORMANCE COMPETITIVE COST <High Pressure Gas Monotube> <Deflective Disc Damping> <Lightweight Aluminum Body> WHEN WE RIDE A MOTORCYCLE, WE DO IT BECAUSE OF HOW IT MAKES US FEEL. <Adjustable Rebound Damping> These types of feelings are different to each of us based on our personal purpose and style of riding. <Adjust Spring Preload by Hand> <Engineered Jounce Bumper w/ For some of you it’s about the escape, adventure and travel. For others it’s about the thrill of Built-in Cup> <Standard Bushings or Bearing the performance. And for the rest it’s everything in-between. Bottom line, the suspension on a Bushings> motorcycle is the dynamic cornerstone of the connection between rider and the road and the <Lifetime Limited Warranty> foundation for the riding experience. <Competitively Priced at $649.95> Progressive Suspension was born in 1982 to help create the quintessential riding experience for those that demand more from their machine. Our team of intelligent and passionate engineers use the latest software, shock dynos and real world testing to create the optimal suspension platform for your bike. From there, our state-of-the-art manufacturing facility assembles and in most cases dyno tests each unit before it leaves the factory. We have a larger range of shocks that fit most bikes and budgets than any other suspension brand in this industry. Flip through these pages and you’ll learn that we offer an array of quality suspension upgrades for most motorcycles in the Harley-Davidson and Indian Motorcycles lineup. -
A Novel Universal Corner Module for Urban Electric Vehicles: Design, Prototype, and Experiment
A Novel Universal Corner Module for Urban Electric Vehicles: Design, Prototype, and Experiment by Allison Waters A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Applied Science in Mechanical Engineering Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2017 c Allison Waters 2017 I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract This thesis presents the work of creating and validating a novel corner module for a three-wheeled urban electric vehicle in the tadpole configuration. As the urban population increases, there will be a growing need for compact, personal transportation. While urban electric vehicles are compact, they are inherently less stable when negotiating a turn, and they leave little space for passengers, cargo and crash structures. Corner modules provide an effective solution to increase the space in the cabin and increase the handling capabilities of the vehicle. Many corner module designs have been produced in the hopes of increasing the cabin space and improving the road holding capabilities of the wheel. However, none have been used to increase the turning stability of the vehicle via an active camber mechanism while remaining in an acceptable packaging space. Active camber mechanisms are also not a new concept, but they have not been implemented in a narrow packaging space with relatively large camber angle. Parallel mechanism research and vehicle dynamics theory were combined to generate and analyse this new corner module design. -
Advances in Truck and Bus Safety
EVALUATING THE NEED FOR CHANGING CURRENT REQUIREMENTS TOWARDS INCREASING THE AMOUNT OF LIGHTING DEVICES EQUIPPING SEMI TRAILERS Krzysztof Olejnik Motor Transport Institute Poland Paper No. 07 – 0135 the driven truck in relation to the unilluminated ABSTRACT objects. The similar situation takes place when The report has pointed out the need to manoeuvres are carried out in none lit up place and provide the truck driver with a semi trailer, the there are unilluminated objects either side of the ability to see the contour of the semi trailer and road vehicle. illumination in the insufficient lighting conditions. The need for equipping the vehicle with additional THE ESTIMATION OF THE SITUATION AND contour light and lamps illuminating the section of CHANGES PROPOSED. the road overrun by the semi trailer wheels has been assessed. The driver of the vehicle or group of vehicles should This is particularly important during have the possibility to observe the surroundings of manoeuvring with such truck – semi trailer unit at the vehicle together with the elements of the night to ensure safety, as the semi trailer has a contour of this vehicle – see Figure 1 [1,2]. The different tracking circle than the towing truck. drawing presented below shows these areas around Current regulations are too (categorical) restrictive the vehicle. and limiting possibility of introducing additional The driver should have the ability to observe them lights. The proposal for technically solving this during driving, both during a day and at night. It problem as well as amending the regulations, has should be possible under the street lighting and been presented. -
Sidecar Torsion Bar Suspension
Ural (Урал) - Dnepr (Днепр) Russian Motorcycle Part XIV: Plunger, Swing-Arm and Torsion Bar Evolution ( Ernie Franke [email protected] 09 / 2017 Swing-Arms and Torsion Bars for Heavy Russian Motorcycles with Sidecars • Heavy Russian Motorcycle Rear-Wheel Swing-Arm Suspension –Historical Evolution of Rear-Wheel Suspension Trans-Literated Terms –Rear-Wheel Plunger Suspension • Cornet: Splined Hub • Journal: Shaft –Rear-Wheel Swing-Arm Suspension • Stroller, Pram: Sidecar • Rocker Arm: Between Sidecar Wheel Axle and Torsion Bar • One-Wheel Drive (1WD) • Swing-Arm – Rear-Drive Swing-Arm • Torsion Bar (Rod) • Sway Bar: Mounting Rod • Two-Wheel Drive (2WD) • Suspension Lever: Swing-Arm – Rear-Drive Swing-Arm • Swing Fork: Swing-Arm –Not Covered: Front-Wheel Suspension Torsion Bar • Sidecar Frames and Suspension Systems –Historical Evolution of Sidecar Suspension –Sidecar Rubber Bumper and Leaf-Spring Suspension –Sidecar Torsion Bar Suspension –Sidecar Swing-Arm Suspension • Recent Advances in Ural Suspension Systems –2006: Nylock Nuts Used to Secure Final Drive to Swing-Arm –2007: Bottom-Out Travel Limiter on Sidecar Swing-Arm –2008: Ball Bearings Replace Silent-Block Bushings in Both Front and Rear Swing-Arms Heavy Russian motorcycle suspension started with the plunger (coiled spring) rear-wheel suspension on the M-72. This was replaced with the swing-arm (pendulum) and dual hydraulic shock absorbers on the K-750. Similarly the sidecar suspension was upgraded from the spring-leaf 2 to rubber isolators and a swing-arm approach in the -
Sau1601 Automotive Aerodynamics
SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING SAU1601 AUTOMOTIVE AERODYNAMICS 1 UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMOTIVE AERODYNAMICS 2 I. Introduction Automotive Aerodynamics is the study of air flows around and through the vehicle body. More generally, it can be labelled “Fluid Dynamics” because air is really just a very thin type of fluid. Above slow speeds, the air flow around and through a vehicle begins to have a more pronounced effect on the acceleration, top speed, fuel efficiency and handling. Influence of flow characteristics and improvement of flow past vehicle bodies Reduction of fuel consumption More favourable comfort characteristics (mud deposition on body, noise, ventilating and cooling of passenger compartment) Improvement of driving characteristics (stability, handling, traffic safety) Scope of Vehicle Aerodynamics The Flow processes to which a moving vehicle is subjected fall into 3 categories: 1. Flow of air around the vehicle 2. Flow of air through the vehicle’s body 3. Flow processes within the vehicle’s machinery. The flow of air through the engine compartment is directly dependent upon the flow field around the vehicle. Both fields must be considered together. On the other hand, the flow processes within the engine and transmission are not directly connected with the first two, and are not treated here. The external flow subjects the vehicle to forces and moments which greatly influence the vehicle's performance and directional stability. These two effects, and has only lately focused on the need to keep the windows and lights free of dirt and accumulated rain water, to reduce wind noise, to prevent windscreen wipers lifting, and to cool the engine oil sump and brakes, etc. -
C2101, C2201, C2103 & C2203
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS S/S COMPETITION TRACTION BARS P/N'S: C2101, C2201, C2103 & C2203 Competition Engineering Leaf Spring Traction Bars are designed especially for use in drag race classes that require a bolt-on traction device such as Stock Eliminator and Bracket Racing. These bars will eliminate wheel hop and improve traction by applying the force which normally produces unwanted tire spin into a downward force where the tire meets the pavement. These bars are capable of handling horsepower levels up to 450hp. They are designed with a snubber location that is positioned directly under the front spring eye bolt, eliminating spring damage and increasing the lever effect on the rear tires. NOTE: These traction bars may not work with the stock rear sway bar on some vehicle models. We recommend that you modify the bar to fit or remove it. PARTS LIST 2) Competition Traction Bars 4) 1/2" J-Bolts 2) 7/16" Square U-Bolts 2) Rubber Snubbers 8) 1/2"-20 Nuts 8) 1/2"-20 Locknuts 12) 1/2" Flat Washers 4) 7/16"-14 Locknuts 4) 7/16"-14 Nuts 2) 3/8"-16 Locknuts INSTALLATION 1) Check rear springs for broken leaves. Replace if necessary. 2) Jack up the rear of the car and place two jack stands under the frame member directly in front of the rear spring. Allow the rear housing to hang down with its weight on the springs. 3) Disconnect the shock absorber at the lower mounting point. Remove the stock lower spring plates and U-Bolts. NOTE: When replacing U-Bolts with the supplied J-Bolts, you must use either the factory T-Bolt or a 1/2" Grade 8 bolt. -
Tech 03: Spring Spacing, Roll Stiffness and Transverse Weight Transfer
Tech 03: Spring spacing, Roll Stiffness and Transverse Weight Transfer By ZŝĐŚĂƌĚ͞Doc͟ Hathaway, H&S Prototype and Design, LLC. Understanding how your choice of spring type, spring stiffness, spring placement and spring angle influence the front and rear roll stiffness and the roll stiffness distribution is important to understanding how the weight is distributed to the tires when the race car is cornering. In this tutorial we will work primarily with helping you understand how roll stiffness is determined and how your choice of the above mentioned variables affects its value. Just as the springs act to support the race car weight and control the vertical chassis motions, they also work to control the amount of roll the race car chassis has when cornering. This resistance to chassis roll offered by the springs is called roll stiffness. In addition to the roll stiffness, the front and rear roll center heights also determine how each of the suspensions transfer the cornering forces, the weight transfer and how much roll the chassis takes on during cornering. Tech 01- Springs, Shocks and your Suspension which was posted earlier is a reference for this Tech session. A quick overview of that material is included to assure you have correct suspension values with which to work. The terminology There are two primary angles that govern how race cars transfer weight during racing maneuvers. The first is the roll angle which is the angle, side-to-side, the car seeks as the turn is entered and as the car proceeds through the turn. If there is a roll angle, there MUST be a center for that rotation to occur about; that defines the roll center. -
Design and Simulation of Aerodynamic Wings of Formula One Racing Car
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 01 | Jan 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF AERODYNAMIC WINGS OF FORMULA ONE RACING CAR Pritam Pain1, Deep Dewan2, Arighna De3 1Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata, West Bengal, India 2Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Kingston Polytechnic College, Barasat, West Bengal, India 3Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata, West Bengal, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract: The aim of this report is to introduce the design and Fourth, a ground vehicle has fewer degrees of freedom than simulation of aerodynamic wings that is generally used in an aircraft, and its motion is less affected by aerodynamic formula one racing cars. In this paper, the basic concept of forces. aerodynamics, related terms are described. From the design of aerodynamic wings to the simulation of the wings using Fifth, passenger and commercial ground vehicles have very Solidworks 2016 well described in this paper. specific design constraints such as their intended purpose, high safety standards and certain regulations. Key Words: Aerodynamics, Wings, Solidworks, Simulation CONCEPT OF DRAG AND DOWNFORCE: INTRODUCTION: Motor sports are all about maximum performance, to be the Aerodynamics is the study of motion of air, fastest is the absolute. There is nothing else. particularly as interaction with a solid object, such as To be faster power is required, but there is a limit to how an airplane and automobile wing. It is a sub-field of fluid much power can be put on the ground. To increase this limit, dynamics and gas dynamics, and many aspects of force to ground must be applied on the wheels.