E999 VOL. 4 World bankl; (ian Public Disclosure Authorized I'. Ninabo City Water Environment Constructioln Project by Utilizing World Bank- Loan
Ningbo City Zhougonigzhai (Jiaokou) Reservoir Water Diversion and Urban Water Supply Ring Netvork Sub-Project
Environmental Impact Report
Public Disclosure Authorized (For Approval) Public Disclosure Authorized
Chiniese Research Academyv of Environmental Sciences Public Disclosure Authorized k I
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I I World bank loan
Ningbo City Water Environment Construction Project by Utilizing World Bank Loan
Ningbo City Zhougongzhai (Jiaokou) Reservoir Water Diversion and Urban Water Supply Ring Network Sub-Project
Environmental Impact Report (For Approval)
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
November 2004 -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Name of project: Ningbo City Water Environment Construction Project by Utilizing World Bank Loan Network Ningbo City Zhougongzhai (Jiaokou) Reservoir Water Diversion and Urban Water Supply Ring Sub-Project Environmental assessment document: Environmental Impact Report (for approval) Client: Ningbo Water Supply Company Assessment organization: Environmental Impact Assessment Center of Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
Environmental impact assessment certificate: GHPZJZ No.1001 President and legal representative: Meng Wei (Researcher) Specialized environmental assessment agency:Environmental Impact Assessment Center of Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Person in charge of the project: Liu Xiaoyu (Senior Engineer), Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Bao Weihong (Senior Engineer), Ningbo Environmental Protection Science Research & Design Institute
Person in charge of technology: Shu Jianmin (Researcher) Technical examination: Li Yanwu (Associate Researcher) Cooperation organization:Ningbo Environmental Protection Science Research & Design Institute Environmental impact assessment certificate: GHPZJZ No.2004 I Major Participants and Qualifications
Assessment Name Discipline Job title Work permit No. organization
5 . . ~~~~Environmental Liu Xiaoyu Senior Engineer A10010040 ______engineenng
Environmental > JiannrinShu t Researcher A10010021 cn> engineering
Associate Zhang Linbo ecology A 10010026 researcher
4 Li. Xi. ochun Environmental Associate o Liu Xiaochun A10010063 E3 assessment researcher
Environmental Bao Weihong Engineer A20040003 assessment Environmental Bi Yulong Senior engineer A20040006 engineenng . tl ,, Environmental Luo Deyu Engineer A20040016 * eo . assessment
>. - Environmental Song Xianying Engineer A20040013 engineenng
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i I i I ------1.0 General ------1.1 Construction background and project origin------1.2 Project undertaker and necessity and significance of project construction---- 3 1.2.1 Project undertaker ------1.2.2 Significance and necessity of project construction------3 6 1.3 Policy, laws and regulations and institutional framework------6 1.3.1 Domestic environmental assessment procedure ------1.3.2 Safeguard policy of World Bank------9 1.3.3 Related international environmental treaties to and on which China has acceded to or signed ------1.4 Basis of preparation------11 1.5 Assessment grade and scope ------1 1.5.1 Assessment grade ------12 1.5.2 Assessment range ------13 1.6 Assessment standard ------13 1.6.1 Environmental quality standard------15 1.6.2 Discharge standard of pollutants ------16 I .7Pollution control and environmental protection objective ------16 1.7.1 Pollution control and environmental protection objective ------16 1.7.2 Water environment function division and major environmentally sensitive points 18 1.8 Major technologies and methods adopted in the assessment ------19 1.9 Brief introduction of environmental assessment work group------19 1.9.1 Project organization structure------19 1.9.2 Brief introduction of environmental assessment organization ------21 2.0 General situation of loan project ------21 2.1 Brief introduction of loan project and project composition ------22 2.2 Project scale and construction objective ------22 2.2.1 Supply and demand balance plan------23 2.2.2 Project scale------23 2.2.3 Construction objective ------24 2.3 Project content, process flow and main technical indices ------24 2.3.1 Raw water catchment project-water catchment tower ------25 2.3.2 Raw water conveyance work ------26 2.3.3 Water purification plant work------32 2.3.4 Clean water conveyance main pipe ------32 2.3.5 Urban water distribution ring network ------33 2.4 Construction method and construction plan ------2.4.1 Construction condition------33 2.4.2 Construction plan ------35 36 2.4.3 Construction method------44 2.5 Project pollution sources and discharge of pollutants------44 2.5.1 Raw water catchment and conveyance work ------45 2.5.2 Water purification plant project ------2.5.3 Clean water conveyance main pipe project and urban water distribution ring network project------46
3.0 General situation of regional environment for the loan project ------48 48 3.1 Natural environmental condition ------48 3.1.1 Geographical location------48 3.1 .2 Landforrn and geomorphy------3.1.3 Engineering geological condition ------49 3.1.4 Earthquake ------49 49 3.1.5 Climate and weather ------50 3 .6 General situation of river water system ------3.1.7 Water development within the basin------55 3.1.8 Water resource demonstration of Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou Reservoir Water Diversion Project ----- 56 3.2 Overview of social enviroment ------73 3.2.1 Administrative division and population------73 3.2.2 Outline of Social economy ------73 3.2.3 Public facility------_ 75 3.2.4 Urban character and development objective ------76 3.2.5 Present situation of urban water conservancy and development objective------80 3.2.6 Ningbo city water supply situation and planning ------81 3.2.7 Municipal drainage and planning ------89 3.3 General situation of quality of life ------92 3.4 Cultural relic protection------93 3.5 People's health------93 3.6 Overview of ecological enviroment------93 3.6.1 Overview of Ningbo ecological environment------93 3.6.2 Overview of ecological environment of Yanzhou district ------94 3.6.3 Investigation and evaluation for the present situation of hydrobiont in this environmental assessment 95
3.7 General situation of pollution sources ------99 3.7.1 Pollution situation in the upper reaches of Jiaokou Reservoir ------99 3.7.2 Pollution source between dam of Zhougongzhai Reservoir and Jiaokou Reservoir ---- 101 3.7.3 Pollution sources in the lower reaches of Jiaokou Reservoir------101
3.8 Present situation of regional environmental quality - … ------102 3.8.1 Present situation of atmospheric environmental quality in the assessed area------102 3.8.2 Present situation of water environmental quality in the assessed area------103 3.8.3 Investigation and evaluation on the status of acoustic environment------116
4.0 Expected environmental impact and corresponding mitigation measure ------119 4.1 Social and environmental impact analysis for project site selection and its mitigation measure ------119 4.1.1 Social and environmental impact analysis for project site selection -- 119 4.1.2 Mitigation measure- -- 119 4.2 Environmental impact assessment and corresponding mitigation measure during construction period---121 4.2.1 Atmospheric environmental impact analysis and prevention and control measure during construction ______------_--- ~~~121 4.2.2 Water environmental impact analysis and pollution prevention and control measure during construction period ------124 4.2.3 Noise impact analysis and prevention and control measure during construction period ------127 4.2.4 Solid waste impact analysis and prevention and control measure during construction period ---- 130 4.2.5 Ecological environmental impact analysis and prevention and control measure dunrng construction period ------133 4.2.6 Groundwater environmental impact analysis and prevention and control measure during construction period ------138 4.2.7 Soil erosion impact analysis and environmental protection measure during construction period------139 4.2.8 The affection on labor's health during construction ------142 4.2.9 Social impact analysis and mitigation measure dunrng construction period------4.3 Environmental impact assessment and environmental protection measure during operation period ------143 4.3.1 Impact on regional water resource optimizing allocation and source water protection measure------143 4.3.2 Impact on hydrological regime in the lower reaches and water catchments------150 4.3.3 Minimum ecological and environmental water consumption analysis of the rivers in the lower reaches ------156 4.3.4 Analysis of impact on water environment of river course in the lower reaches------158 4.3.5 Impact on hydrobiont in downstream river section and on river shoal wet land------165 4.3.6 Analysis of water discharge on water environment and environmental protection measures------166 4.3.7 Impact of water purification plant sludge and wastewater discharge on water environment ------167 4.3.8 Analysis of noise impact of water purification plant on surrounding environment------170 4.3.9 Assessment of environmental risk due to chlorine and ammonia leakage ------170 4.3.IOPipeline's affection on water quality and ------177 4.3.11 Analysis of impact on Tashan Weir ------177
it 4.4 Conclusion of environmental impact assessment and environmental protection measure for Zhougongzhai Reservoir ------178 4.4.1 Nature of Zhougongzhai Reservoir and situation of surrounding environmental background ------178 4.4.2 Environmental impact after completion of reservoir ------180 4.4.3 Environmental protection countermeasure------182 4.5 Environmental impact analysis conclusion in water resource demonstration report and protection measure -_- _------187- - 4.5.1 Environmental impact analysis------187 4.5.2 Water resource protection measure ------189 4.5.3 Conclusion and suggestion------193
5.0 Analysis of Alternatives------195 5.1 Alternative scheme of engineering system------195 5.1.1 Brief description of scheme------195 5.1.2Comparison and selection of altematives ------196 5.2 Altemative scheme of water catchment------5.2.1 Brief description of scheme ------200 5.2.2 Comparison and selection of alternatives ------201 5.3 Alternative scheme of water diversion line ------202 5.3.1 Brief description of scheme------202 5.3.2 Comparison and selection of alte atives------203 5.4 Altemative scheme of water purification plant site------204 5.4. 1 Brief description of scheme ------5.4.2 Comparison and selection of alternatives------
5.5 Altemative scheme of clean water pipeline direction ------207 5.5.1 Brief description of scheme------207 5.5.2 Comparison and selection of alternatives------5.6 zero Solution------209
6.0 Economic break-even analysis on environmental impacts ------212 6.1 Economic break-even analysis of the project ------212 6.2 Estimated investment on environmental protection and environmental benefits------6.2.1 Estimation and proportion analysis on the initial investment on the environmental protection measures
6.2.2 Estimation on operation cost of environment protection facilities ------214 6.2.3 Effectiveness analysis of environmental investment ------215 6.3 Social benefits ------215
7.0 Economic management plant------217 7.1 Project environmental management agency and responsibility ------217 7.1.1 Management agency ------217 7.1.2 Supervision agency------218 7.2 Training of environmental protection personnel ------219 7.3 Environmental protection supervision plan------221 7.4 Environmental monitoring plan------7.4.1 Monitoring objective ------222 7.4.2 Monitoring organization------222 7,4.3 Monitoring ------22' 7.4 4 Monitoring equipment. monitoring cost and monitoring report system------223 7.4.5 Construction site patrol ------225
8.OPublic participation ------226 8. I Objective------226
Ii' 8.2 Principle ------8.3Formr------226 8.4 Work organization situation ------226 8.5 Summary of questionnaire issuance------227 8.5.1 Contents of public participation------227 8.5.2 Findings of investigation------'------227 8.6 summary of symposium investigation situation------232 8.6.1 Summary of the first symposium ------232 8.6.2 Summary of the second symposium ------233 8.7 Information disclosure--- -- 234 8.7.1 Content of information disclosure ------234 8.7.2 Information disclosure and feedback------234 8.8General conclusion ui ------_236
9.0 CONCLUSIONS------237 9.1 Present status of environmental quality on the constructed region ------237 9. 1. I Air quality ------237 9.1.2 Water quality of reservoir, river and river network ------9.1.3 Urban environmental noise ------238 9.1.4 Ecological environmental quality ------238 238 9.2 General situation of project and engineering analysis ------9.2.1 General situation of project ------238 9.2.2 Major pollution source and poliutants of the engineering project ------239 9.3 Project's environmental impact on the assessed area ------240 9.3.1 Assessment of environmental impact during construction------…-----240 9.3.2 Environmental impact assessment during operation period ------249 9.4 Public precipitation ------255 9.5 The feasibility from the angle of environment -- -255 9.6 Suggestions------256
i\ 1.0 General
1.1 Construction background and project origin
Ningbo City is city specifically designated in the state plan and a coastal city opening to the outside world. It is one of the cities whose economic activities are flourishing and rapidly developing currently in China. Statistics shows that in the first half of 2004, Ningbo City completed a total output value of 97,230,000,00OYuan, increasing 16.1 % compared with the same period of previous year; completed general fiscal budgetary revenue of 17,600,000,00OYuan, increasing 7.4% compared with the same period of previous year; realized self-supported accumulative total export import volume of 11,930,000,000USD, increasing 40.5% compared with the same period of previous year; newly approved of 583 foreign invested projects, increasing 1.6% compared with the same period of previous year; introduced foreign investment, through contract, of 2,297,000,000USD, increasing 39% and actually introduced foreign investment of 1,025,000,000USD, increasing 25%; Ningbo Port realized more than I l0,000,000t cargo handling capacity and 1,801,000 standard container handling capacity; early rice planting area was 220,000 hectares, increasing 27.8% compared with the same period of previous year; animal husbandry and fishery also maintained relatively good growing trend.
Ningbo City is in the center section of Chinese Mainland coastline on the banks of the East China Sea in northeast Zhejiang Province. The whole city governs Xiangshan and Ninghai counties and three county-level cities of Yuyao, Cixi and Fenghua. The city has six urban districts including Haishu, Jiangdong, Jingbei, Zhenhai, Beilun and Yinzhou. Its total area of administrative region is 9,365km2 including urban area of 2,560km2 and built-up urban area of 127km2. Its total population is 5,960,000 people including actual resident population of 1,940,000 in the planned urban range and actual resident population of 1,204,500 in the existing built-up area of the central city.
According to Ningbo City's urban planning in 2001-2020, the central city of Ninbo will have Sanjiang area (including Ying County central area), Zhenhai area and Beilun area as the center and Cixi area and Yuyao area as the subcenter to form a double-center structure. The central city will has a population of 2,500,000 to 3,000,000 people and its use of land will reach 250-300km 2 . The planning also defines that the near-term target for the central city of Ningbo in 2005 will be continuing to widen city .frame and enlarge city size according to the requirement of "scale enlargement, function completion, environment optimization and grade increase". Within outer ring road of Sanjiang area will be mainly for the third industry and living and residence; in east region, mainly science and education will be developed to form a high grade ecological new zone; in south region, i.e. Yinzhou central area, mainly urban infrastructure will be perfected to build new urban area; in west region, the pollution-free Class I and II industnes and residential community will be properly developed; in north region, cultural tourist zone will be built to complete cultural tourist function. Zhenhai will be built into an ecological yarden urban area to develop and construct the higher education park in the north of Ningbo City; Beilun region will further optimize its layout to complete urban function and lay a solid foundation for it to build in a new urban area with a population of over 500.000 people.
With high-speed economic growth of Ningbo City, rapid increase of urban population and increasingly acceleration of urbanization step. the situation of relatively background urban infrastructural construction in Ningbo City becomes apparent all the more, particularly insufficient urban water supply ability and seriously aged 3 pipe network etc. At present, water supply in the central urban area reached 861,000m /d in 2003, but total design ability of water works is only 820,000m 3/d. Designed water supply ability can no longer meet the demand of current water utilization and even no longer meet the need of rapid urban development of Ningbo City. The result is that water works can only operate under overload at present, which has caused urban water supply safety not to be guaranteed, supply water quality of water works to decrease and difficulty of management dispatch to increase. Therefore if new water supply project is not built, the problem of insufficient water supply in Ningbo City will further become serious and even seriously hinder economic development and improvement of the people's quality of life.
In order to strengthen urban infrastructural construction, implement river network water pollution prevention and control plan and improve the ecological environment in river network and offshore area, Ningbo City will implement the "Blue Sky, Green Water, Green and Clean" project in the whole city in the Tenth Five Year Plan period, where Green Water project mainly includes construction of urban wastewater treatment plants in all counties (cities) and districts and water environment treatment for pollution waters etc, to mitigate and eventually resolve the problem of regional water source shortage.
For the above reasons, Ningbo Municipal Government decides to utilize World Bank loan program to complete "Ningbo Water Enviromnent Project". The planned project aims at improving citizens' water supply and industrial water utilization environment, complete urban infrastructure, improve urban residents' quality of life and meet the demand of rapid urban econormic development by increasing clean water and wastewater treatment scale and improving water quality. This project has been listed in the planned optional projects of World Bank loan in 2004-2006 financial years and approved by the State Council. At present its feasibility study report has been completed in August 2004 by Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute and Zhejiang Provincial Survey & Design Institute Of Water Conservancy & Hydropower. The project consists of two sub-projects:
A. Multiple schemes are adopted to enlarge and adjust Ningbo City Urban Water Supply System. It is called Ningbo Zhougongzhai (Jiaokou) Reservoir Water Diversion and Urban Water Supply Ring Network Project and is hereinafter referred to as "Ningbo Water Supply Project";
B. Enlarge pipe network and wastewater treatment ability in Cixi region. It is called Cixi City Urban Wastewater Treatment Phase I Project and is hereinafter referred to as "Cixi Wastewater Treatment Project".
For Ningbo City World Bank loan water environment project, National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC) approved the project initialization (Loan project No. X040000303003, see appendix 1) On June 14. 2004 in its document FGTZ(2004)No.1 101 "Official and written reply of National Development and Reform Commission about the project proposal of Ningbo CQty's utilizing World Bank loan to construct water environment". In May 12-20, 2004, World Bank Project Authentication Group examined the feasibility study report of Ningbo water environment construction project as well as relevant environmental protection, migration and special financial report and submitted and formed memorandum of authentication.
In accordance with the regulation of the -'Notice about strengthening the environmental impact assessment management work for international financing institution loan construction project" (HJ( 19931No.324) and with reference to the requirement of World Bank environmental impact assessment operation policy (OP4.01), World Bank loan "Ningbo City Water Environment Project" belongs to the loan project of Class A environmental impact 2 assessment and needs to compile environmental impact report. Whereas water environment project involves water supply and water discharge and they are in different locations, in order to accelerate project progress and improve environmental impact assessment quality, Ningbo City World Bank Office and specific undertaking organizations of Ningbo Water Supply Company and Cixi City Urban Water Discharge Co. Ltd respectively entrusted, in January 2004, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences and Ningbo Environmental Protection Science Research & Design Institute to undertake the environmental impact assessment work of Ningbo Water Supply Project-subproject of Ningbo City Water Environmnent Construction Project by utilizing World Bank loan, entrusted Beijing Yongxin Environmental Protection Co. Ltd to undertake the environmental impact assessment work of Cixi Wastewater Treatment Project-Ningbo City Water Environment Construction Project by utilizing World Bank loan, and entrusted Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences and Ningbo Environmental Protection Science Research & Design Institute to be responsible for compilation of the general environmental impact assessment report for Ningbo City Water Environment Construction Project by utilizing World Bank loan. According to Environmental Impact Assessment Outline and GHPGG[2004] No.196 "Evaluation suggestions on the environmental impact assessment outline of Ningbo City Water Environment Construction Project by Utilizing World Bank Loan" issued by Environmental Engineering Assessment Center of State Environmental Protection Administration (September 2004), the "Enviromnental Impact Report of Ningbo City Water Environment Construction Project by utilizing World Bank Loan and Ningbo City Zhougongzhai (Jiaokou) Reservoir Water Diversion and Urban Water Supply Ring Network Sub-Project" (for examination) has been compiled and completed and evaluated by experts on November 22, 2004. According to minutes of the technical evaluation meeting for the environmental assessment report, the "Environmental Impact Report of Ningbo City Water Environment Construction Project by Utilizing World Bank Loan and Ningbo City Zhougongzhai (Jiaokou) Reservoir Water Diversion and Urban Water Supply Ring Network Sub-Project" (for approval) has been revised and is hereby submitted to the Builder who will report it to competent environmental protection departments at various levels for approval.
1.2 Project undertaker and necessity and significance of project construction
1.2.1 Project undertaker
Project undertaker: Ningbo Water Supply'Company
Ningbo Water Supply Company owned a fixed asset of 160,000,OOOYuan at the end of 2001. Its daily water supply capacity has reached 820,000t and It has five water purification plants distributed in five districts. It has 1057krn over-DN100umn water supply pipe and 120km water diversion pipe (DN800-1600mrn). Water supply population is 1,250,000, water supply rate in urban area is 100% and it has more than 1,261 employees-
Ningbo Water Supply Company is a registered economic entity of independent accountability, full financial responsibility and autonomous management and has independent corporate capacity. 1.2.2 Significance and necessity of project construction
For Ningbo City, construction of Ningbo City Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou Reservoir water diversion and urban water supply ring network project is of great significance and is very necessary for the following reasons: (I) Increase supply water quantity to meet the requirement of urban construction, economic development, improvement of residents' living standard and growth of water demand.
Designed scale of water works in the central urban area of Ningbo City is 820,000m3/d. Its water supply in 2003 reached 861,000m3/d and the capacity of existing water works can no longer meet the requirement of current water demand; whereas, with urban construction of central urban area, economic development and improvement of residents' living standard, water demand of the central urban area will gradually increase and it is necessary to increase water supply capacity to meet the requiring of water demand.
According to the "General urban planning of Ningbo City (2001-2020)", the range of the central urban area of Ningbo City will be expanded on the basis of current scale. Water supply population will increase from current 1,265,000 people to 1,700,000 people in 2005 and 2,000,000 people in 2010 and urban water supply must resolve the demand of water supply quantity for the growing population.
(2) Satisfy the requirement of urban water supply range enlargement
Original Yin County of Ningbo City was established as a district in 2002 and has been incorporated in the urban range of Ningbo city. But presently in Yingzhou, most villages and towns except the central area are still supplied by respective small water works in the villages and towns and many problems exist. According to overall planning of Ningbo City and the requirement of the Municipal Government, it is necessary to gradually eliminate small water works in the villages and towns and incorporate the region of villages and towns into urban water supply scope. This work needs to be basically completed in 2010. Therefore it is necessary to build new regional intensified large scale water works and water supply system to cover this part of region and improve supply water quality so as to adapt to economic and social development in the villages and towns, promote harmonious urban and rural development, and improve the quality of residents' life in villages and towns and safeguard residents' health. When this project and Dongqian Lake Water Works are built, some water needs to be supplied to the villages and towns in east and southeast Yinzhou District to resolve the water supply problem in this region. Therefore construction of this project can improve and satisfy the water supply demand of all villages and towns in Yinzhou District.
(3) Reduce the water production of large- and medium-sized water works and improve supply water quality to meet the requirement of newly issued national standard "Sanitation Specification of Domestic and Drinking Water".
Present Jiangdong Water Works and South Suburb Water Works were built in 1960s-1970s and water purification technology and treatment facility were designed according to the then design code and water quality standard and are difficult to conform to the water quality standard of current .-Sanitation Specification of Domestic and Drinking Water". Therefore it is necessary to reduce their water production and operation index and conduct necessary reconstruction to vacate site and to plan and construct advanced treatment facility so as to make supply water quality meet the national water quality standard of "Sanitation Specification of Domestic and Drinking Water" and "Zhejiang Modernized Water Works Standard Program (Draft)"; Meilin Water Works with relatively poor water source and water quality will be rebuilt to a industrial water works to supply process water for industfial enterprises. New water works needs to fill this part of water shortage.
4 According to prediction of water demand and the supply and demand balance plan of Ningbo City, although 3 3 Beilun Water Works Expansion Project (150,000m /d) and Dongqiang Lake Water Works (500,000m /d) under construction and preparation will be put into production respectively in 2004 and 2005, the total water supply ability of water works will still be unable to meet the requirement of water demand. Therefore it is necessary to build this project.
(4) Adopt high quality reservoir water source to improve supply water quality and safeguard residents' health.
Among present urban water supply works, Ningbo Water Supply Company has four works (Meilin Water Works is planned to be rebuilt into a industrial water works and not included) plus Yinzhou Central Area Water 3 3 Works, the total water production capacity is 800,000m /d, of which 470,000m /d is Class I- II high quality water source, accounting for 59% of total capacity. Low rate of high quality water source has affected the comprehensive quality improvement of water from water works. This project will adopt water source of Zhougongzhai Reservoir and Jiaokou Reservoir whose water quality standard is class I- II. When this project is 3 built, the scale of water works adopting Class 1- II water source will reach 970,000m /d and rate of water supply capacity of water works with high quality water source will increase to 75%. When Baixi Reservoir water diversion project presently under construction is completed, this rate will increase to 83%. By then, plus advanced water purification technology, urban drinking water quality of Ningbo City will be comprehensively improved to attain the quality objective of national standard "Sanitation Specification of Domestic and Drinking Water"' and Zhejiang provincial modernized water works.
At the same time, this project will supply water to the villages and towns in the west Yinzhou Distnct to replace existing water works in villages and towns and comprehensively improve drinking water quality in this region.
Therefore construction of this project will be of great importance to the comprehensive improvement of supply water quality in cities and villages and towns and safeguard of residents' health.
(5) Increase water distribution of urban water supply from multiple water sources to improve the safety and water transfer and distribution and ensure supply water pressure of pipe networks.
Existing urban water supply and distribution system is basically divided into two networks: one is the central city (mainly are Haishu, Jiangdong and Jiangbei districts) formed by Jiangdong, West Suburb and Meilin water works. Although the water supply network of the three water works are-mutually connected, water transfer and distribution capacity of the network is not strong due to natural separation of Fenghu River, Yaojiang River and Yongjiang River. Meilin Water Works in Jiangbei District will be withdrawn from urban water supplv and distribution system after changed to industrial water works and this part of region needs to be supplied by other water works through water distribution main pipe. The other is Beilun District water distribution network composed of Beilun Water Works. Although there is link between the above two water supply and distribution networks. the water transfer and conveyance is insufficient.
Therefore the transfer and conveyance capacity of existing urban water supply and distribution network is insufficient. Once a water works incurs emergency water supply cutoff, water utilization of a large area will be aftected, safety of water supply network being low. At the same time, due to increase of water utilization in the central city, pressure of water distribution pipe network decreases year after year. However as building density of the central urban area is very high and various pipelines are densely arranged under the roads, it is impossible to relocate buildings and excavate roads to lay large- and medium-diameter water conveyance and distribution main pipe. 3 For the three large scaled water works of Dongqian Lake Water Works (designed scale:500,000m /d) under 3 construction, expansion of Beilun Water Works (total scale: 300,000m /d) and the water works of this project (designed scale: 500,OOOm3/d), their locations are all on the outskirts of the city and respectively in the east, south and west of urban water supply region. No water conveyance and distribution linking main pipe is provided between the three water works and between the three water works and central city water distribution network, thus water quality can not be allotted. When one of the water works incurs emergency water supply cutoff, water supply safety will be even more seriously affected.
In summary, water supply in Ningbo City will form the pattern of the large scaled multiple source water supply and distribution in the future several years. To improve water quality allocation and transfer capacity, safeguard urban water supply safety and ensure supply water pressure, it is necessary to consider construction of large scaled water conveyance and distribution ring network main pipe besides laying necessary water distribution network.
(6) Cooperate with construction of water source construction and exert comprehensive investment benefit
The project of Zhougongzhai Reservoir used as urban supply water source has been approved by Ningbo Municipal Government and is already in the construction stage. It is planned to be completed in 2006. The total 3 storage capacity of this reservoir is 11 1,800,000m3 and effective storage capacity is 95,700,000m . It is Class I water source and water quality is excellent. This project will use the water source of Zhougongzhai Reservoir-Jiaokou Reservoir.-Therefore construction of this project will give full play to the comprehensive investment benefit of Zhougongzhai Reservoir project and use water source of high quality reservoir to improve supply water quality of Ningbo City and meet the requirement of water consumption.
In summary, to promote Ningbo City's economic and social development, enlarge water, supply scope, meet the demand of water consumption, improve supply water quality, raise the living standard of urban and rural residents in Ningbo City, ensure residents' health, increase the safety of urban water supply system and effectively exert the function and investment benefit of other construction projects, construction of this project is of great importance and is essential.
1.3 Policy, laws and regulations and institutional framework
1.3.1 Domestic environmental assessment procedure
Presently China has established relatively perfect environmental assessment management and technical work procedure and environmental assessment procedure is established on the basis of environmental protection law, construction project environmental management rules and regulations, environmental impact assessment laws, and the "Notice about strengthening of the management work for environmental impact assessment of the construction project with loan from International Finance Corporation" (HJ[1993]No.324 article, 1993) formulated for loan project, which specifies in detail the executive procedure of environmental assessment management in various stages of construction project; the Technical Guideline and Specification of 6 Environmental Impact Assessment formulated by State Environmental Protection Administration has systematically specified the compilation requirement and technical method for environmental impact assessment outline and environmental impact report. The compilation requirement for environmental impact report of World Bank loan project specified by China is as follows:
1. Preface
2. General situation of loan project
3. General situation of the environment in the area affected by the project
4. Expected impact and prevention and control measure
5. Alternatives
6. Environmnental economic profit and loss analysis
7. Environmental protection management plan and environmental monitoring plan
8. Public participation
9. Conclusion and suggestion
See figure 1-1 for environmental assessment procedure. 1.3.2 Safeguard policy of World Bank
( I ) "World Bank Operational Manual-Bank Procedure" BP4.01, January 1999
(2) "World Bank Operational Manual-Operational Policy" OP4.01, January 1999
(3) "World Bank Operational Manual-Good Operation" GP4.01, January 1999
(4) "World Bank-Environrnental Evaluation Guideline (OD4.01) (1999) a.inpaz)o.d jUatUSSaSSE lluatUUO.IIAUa l-l.02!]
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(1) Agenda 21, June 1992
(2) Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, July 1992
(3) Convention on Biological Diversity, June 1992
(4) United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, November 1994
(5) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Kyoto Protocol), December 1997
(6) Announcement of International Clean Production, September 1998
1.4 Basis of preparation
This report is prepared based on the following laws and regulations and technical documents:
Laws, re2ulations and examination and approval documents
( I ) Environmental Protection law of the People's Republic of China, December 26, 1989
(2) Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, September 5, 1995
(3) Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, May 15, 1996
(4) Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution, April 1, 1996
(5) Rules of Environmental Protection Management of the Construction Projects, State Council Statute No.253, November 1998
(6) Law of the People's Republic of China on Environmental Impact Assessment, October 28,.2002
(7) Several Suggestions on better.carrying out of construction project environmental management work". SEPA HZ (93) No.015
(8) "Systematic management directory of environmental protection for construction projects", Statute No.14 of State Environmental Protection Administration, (October 2002)
(9) "Notice about strengthening the environmental impact assessment management work for international financing institution loan construction project" (HJ(1993)No.324) by State Environmental Protection Administration etc.
10) Rules of Zhejiang Province on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, Announcement No.] of Standing Committee of Zhejiang Provincial 10th People's Congress, June 27, 2003
( 11 ) "Zhejiang Provincial Construction Project Environmental Protection Management Method", Zhejiang Provincial People's Government Statute No.166, December 2003
(12) "Rules of City Water Supply", Statute of State Council of the People's Republic of China, July 1994
13) Management Regulations for the Prevention and Control of Drinking Water Sources Pollution in Ninebo
14) Rules of Yuyao for the Prevention and Control of River Water Pollution in Ningbo
9 ( 15) Management Method of Building Construction Noise in Ningbo City
( 16) FGTZ(2004)No.1 101 "Official and written reply of National Development and Reform Comnmrission by about the project proposal of Ningbo City's utilizing World Bank loan to construct water environmnent" National Development and Reform Commrnission. Loan project No. is X040000303003 (June 2004).
(17) YJW(2003)No.497 "Instruction request of Ningbo Municipal Development Planning Comnmittee for examination and approval of Ningbo Water Environment Construction Project by Utilizing World Bank Loan", Ningbo Municipal Development Planning Conunittee, September 2003
(18) Ningbo City Water Environment Project Proposal (September 2003)
(19) "Response to the requirement of confirmation for the executive standard of environmental impact Ring assessment of Ningbo City Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou Reservoir Water Diversion and Urban Water Supply Network Project" (September 2004).
(20)GHPGG[2004] "Evaluation suggestions on the environmental impact assessment outline of Ningbo City Water Environment Construction Project by utilizing World Bank loan", Environmental Engineering Assessment Center of State Environmental Protection Adrninistration (September 2004).
Technical guideline of environmental assessment
(1) Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment--General principles, HJ/T2.1-93
(2) Technical guidelines for environmnental impact assessment--Atmnospheric environment, HJ/T2.2-93
(3) Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment-Surface water environment, HJ/T2.3-93
(4) Technical Guidelines for Noise Impact Assessment, HJ/T2.4-1995
(5) Technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment Ecological environment of nature resource development, HJ/T19-1997
(6) Regulation for Environmental Impact Assessment of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, SDJ302-88
(7) Regulation for Environmiental Impact Assessment of River Basin Planning, SL45-92
Technical document of the project
I )"Pre-feasibility study report of Zhougongzhai Reservoir and Jiaokou Reservoir water diversion and city & water supply network project", Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute, Zhejiang Provincial Survey Design Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, August 2004
2) "Overall City Planning of Ningbo City" (2001-2020) (text, instruction, atlas), Ningbo Municipal People's Governtnent, Ningbo Municipal Planning, Design and Research Institute, April, 2003 Water Environmental ( 3 "Ningbo City Water Supply Development and Planning Scheme", Ningbo. Control Leading Group Office, Ningbo Water Supply Company, August 2003
(4) YSZ(2004)No.4 "Letter of Water Resource Configuration for Zhougongzhai Reservoir and Jiaokou Reservoir", Ningbo Municipal Water Conservancy Bureau, February 2004 5) "Study of Ningbo Water Environmental Control Countermeasure', Ningbo Water Environmental Control Leading Group Office, October 2003
10 (6) "iNingbo Municipal Statistical Yearbook (2003)"
7 ) "Ningbo Surface Water Environmental Protection Function Division", Ningbo Environmental Protection Bureau, November 1992
(8) "Technical Report of Ningbo Ambient Air Quality Functional Area Division', Ningbo Environmental Protection Bureau, January 1997
(9) "Technical Report of Area division in Ningbo Downtown Area where the 'Standard of environmental noise of urban area' applies', December 2003
( 10) "Zhejiang Modernized Water Works Standard Program (Draft)"
( 11 ) "Demonstration report of Ningbo City Jiaokou and Zhougongzhai Reservoir Water Diversion Project Water Resources", Zhejiang Provincial Survey & Design Institute of Water Conservancy & Hydropower (August 2004).
(12) "Environmental impact report of Ningbo City Zhougongzhai Reservoir Project" (Amendment), Zhejiang Provincial Design Institute of Environmental Protection Science (November 2001)
Basic data
(I) Ningbo topographic map (1:50000)
(2) Project-wide topographic map (1:10000)
(3) Topographic map of some pipelines (1:2000)
(4) Data of existing Ningbo water supply situation and water supply works
(5) Data of existing over-DN300 water supply pipe network in Ningbo
(6) Data of Jiaokou Reservoir water quality
(7) Jiaokou Reservoir topographic map (1:10000)
(8) Related geologic information, power supply, technical and economic data
1.5 Assessment grade and scope
1.5.1 Assessment grade
(1 ) Assessment grade of surface water environmental impact
Ningbo Water Supply Project will take water of 500,000m3 /d from Ningbo Zhougongzhai Reservoir and Jiaokou Reservoir and water quality of rivers in the lower reaches will decrease to some extent. By ensuring some drainage flow, water environmental function and ecological environment of river courses will not be greatly affected. In addition, although water purification plant discharges relatively great quantity of process wastewater ( 13,900m>/dj, but the water quality is good and has small effect on wastewater receiving rivers. Therefore surface water assessment work is determined to be grade 3 according to the requirement of technical guideline of environmental impact assessment HJ/T2.3-93.
(2) Assessment grade of ambient air impact
Ambient air pollutants of the project are mainly dust nuisances produced from construction of pipes and tunnels during construction period. Additionally, water purification plant emits no waste gas pollutants under
II normal condition and only has the chlorine leakage risk from its use. Therefore ambient air impact evaluation is determined to be grade 3 according to technical guideline of environmental impact assessment HJ/T2.2-93.
(3) Assessment grade of acoustic environmental impact
Noise effect of the project mainly comes from construction machinery and traffic etc during construction period and noise after completion of the project is mainly the mechanical noise produced from operation of various equipments in the water purification plant. As most equipment is arranged in the workshop, its effect on the surrounding acoustic environment is relatively small. Therefore acoustic environmental impact assessment is determined to be grade 3 according to the regulation of technical guideline of environmental impact assessment HJ/T2.4-1995 and up-to-standard analysis at the boundary of industrial enterprises is mainly carried out.
(4) Non-polluted ecology
A small quantity of lands may be occupied during construction of pipes and tunnels and floor area of waste residues from tunnel is 61 mu. Therefore the ecological impact assessment is determined to be grade 3 according to "Technical guideline of environmental impact assessment- non-polluted ecologic impact". 1.5.2 Assessment range
According to the characteristics of the project, this project can be divided into three sub-projects and their respective impacts are different to some extent. According to assessment grade, assessment range is respectively described below.
( 1 ) Raw water catchment and conveyance works
(QAtmosphere and noise.
Assessment scope is construction site and 200m on the two sides of the whole construction line.
-(Ecology
Pipeline part is lOOm on its two sides, 200m around water inlet tunnel portal and 500m around tunnel excavation waste dump.
)Water environment
Assessment scope is Jiaokou Reservoir and the Zhangxi Stream (Yin River) river section in the lower reach.
(2) Water purification plant
(19 Air environment
Impact of leaked chlorine on air environment is the boundary of industrial enterprises and peripheral sensitive points.
,)Noise
Boundary of water purification plant and nearby sensitive points shall be kept free from noise interference.
e@)Water environrment
It is ensured that the function of the water area receiving wastewater discharge will not be greatly aftected.
12 ( Solid wastes: sludge of water purification plant shall be reasonably disposed of and utilized and will not cause impact on stacking location.
05 The range of 200m within construction site including site leveling during construction period will be the assessment range of ecology, atmosphere and noise.
(3) Clean water conveyance work and main water distribution ring network project
(X Noise: assessment range is lOOm on the two sides of construction line
(X Ecology: assessment range is the impact on the vegetation within 50m on the two sides of construction line during construction of water conveyance pipe.
® Traffic: impact on traffic during construction of pipe work.
G)Atmosphere: assessment range of impact of dust nuisance on the atmosphere during construction is lOOm on the two sides of water conveyance pipeline.
1.6 Assessment standard
1.6.1 Environmental quality standard
This project executes the following assessment standards, and has been approved and confirmed by Ningbo Environmental Protection Bureau (see appendix).
I ) According to the requirement of project-wide surface water function division, "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB3838-2002) is implemented, See table 1-1 and 1-2 for details.
13 Table 1-1 Groundwater environment quality standard adopted in assessment Executive No. River section Function standard
I Jiaokou Reservoir and Yinjiang Water head site of drinking Class I River Miyan section (including water standard outlet of Jiaokou Reservoir) Class II 2 Yinjiang River and other river Water head site of drinking sections (including Zhangxi River) water standard Class III 3 Yaojiang River and general inland Aquaculture, agricultural river networks irrigation, navigation etc standard III 4 Xiaoxi Port near Maojiaping Water Agricultural irrigation Class Works standard IV standard Fenghua River, Pipeline runs Main functions are industry, Class 5 Yongiiang across river navigation, landscape River reaches
Table 1-2 Surface water environment quality standard
Unit: mg/l (excluding pH) Class IV Item Class I Class II Class III 10 Hypermanganate 2 4 6 index = 30 Chemical oxygen 15 15 20 demand CODc,= . _____20_30 3 DO= Saturation ratio 90% or 7.5 6 5 3 4 6 BOD5 = 3 PH 6_9 1.5 Ammonia nitrogen 0.15 0.5 1.0
0.3 Total phosphor 0.02 0.1 0.2 0.05 0.5 Petroleum = 0.05 0.05
(GB3095-96). See table (2) Air environment executes grade II standard of Ambient air quality standard" 1-3 for details.
Table 1-3 "Ambient air quality standard" (GB3096-1996) 3 Nameof Concentration limit (mg/Nm' ) Basis Name ofnt Time of Grade I Grade 11 Grade III lpollutants value taking standard standard standard Total suspended Annual mean 0.08 0.20 0.30 particulate Daily mean 0.12 0.30 0.50
l~~~~~~na Annual 0.04 0.10 0.15 PM mean I 10 eDaiy 0.05 0.15 0.25 GB3095-1996 air quality standard' Sulfur dioxide Annual mean 0.02 l 0.06 0"10 Ambient Sulfur dioxide Daily mean 0.05 0.15 0.25 l Hourly mean 0.15 0.50 0.70 Annual mean 0.04 0.08 0.08 Nitrogen dioxide Daily mean 0.08 0.12 0.12 l l Hourly mean 0.12 0.24 l 0.24 l 14 (3) Acoustical environment executes "Standard of environmental noise of urban area" GB3096-93. As the pipeline for this project is laid basically along the road, the environmental noise for the areas on the two sides of highways executes Class IV of "Standard of environmental noise of urban area" (GB3096-93); Ambient noise of the site of water purification plant and Jiaokou Reservoir (location of the planned water catchment tower) refers to Class I standard and others execute Class II mixed area standard. See table 1-4 for specific standard values.
Table 1-4 Ambient noise standard value [unit: Leq dB(A)] Class Applicable area Daytime Night I Mainly residence, culture and 55 45 education institutions* Mixed area of residence, 60 50 commerce and industry III Industrial zone 65 55 IV Two sides of highways 70 55 1.6.2 Discharge standard of pollutants
This project executes the following discharge standards of pollutants, and has been approved and confirmed by Ningbo Environmental Protection Bureau (see appendix).
( I ) Maojiaping Water Works has no urban wastewater pipe network around it and wastewater is discharged into nearby Xiaoxi Port after treatment. Discharge of wastewater executes grade I standard of "Integrated wastewater discharge standard" (GB8978-1996). See table 1-5 for specific standard values.
Table 1-5 Wastewater discharge standard (unit: mg/L, except pH) No. Item Grade I standard value I CODcr 100 2 BOD, 20 3 pH 6-9 4 S 70 5 . Petroleum 5 6 .uAmmonia nitrogen 15
(2) Noise at the boundary of Maojiaping Water Works executes Class I standard of "Standard of noise at boundary of industrial enterprises" (GB12348-90), i.e. 55dB in daytime and 45dB at night; project construction period executes the standard requirement of "Noise Limit for Construction Site" (GB 12523-90), See table 1-6 for specific standard values.
Table 1-6 Noise Limit for Construction Site (GB12523-90)
period Main noise source Noise limit value Construction Daytime Night Earth and stone Bulldozer, excavator, loader etc 75dB 55dB Piling ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Constructionis Piling Various pile drivers 85dB forbidden
Structure Concrete mixer, irmersion vibrator, 70dB 55dB electric saw etc Decoration Crane, elevator 65 dB 55 dB
15 1.7Pollution control and environmental protection objective
1.7.1 Pollution control and environmental protection objective
(1) Water environment
Construction and future operation of this project meet Class II water environment function requirement of Yinjiang River Zhangxi section of Jiaokou Reservoir and Zhougongzhai Reservoir. Class III water environment function requirement of the water body receiving the waste water discharged from the water purification plant shall be ensured.
(2) Atmospheric environment
The objective of atmospheric environmental protection is to ensure that leakage of chlorine gas will not cause too great impact on the.nearby sensitive points and to make the atmospheric environment of this area reach the standard of Class II functional area; to make air dust pollution (dust nuisance) be effectively controlled; and to make the health of construction personnel and the people around the project area be safeguarded.
(3) Acoustic environment
The objective of acoustic environmental protection is to control the noise at the boundary of the water purification plant of this project to be below Grade I national standard of "Standard of noise at boundary of industrial enterprises" (GB12348-90).
(4) Solid waste
Properly dispose the builders rubbish and domestic waste produced by this project and the sludge produced in water purification process to prevent them from becoming new pollution source hazardous to the environment within the area. Properly dispose earth and stone produced during tunnel and pipe excavation to effectively treat additional solid waste pollution.
(5) Ecological impact
Enable the project not to cause great impact on the ecologic environment along the line and to reduce the loss of vegetation near pipeline and make it effectively restored; bring the impact of project water diversion on aquatic ecological environment in the lower reaches be in the acceptable range. 1.7.2 Water environment function division and major environmentally sensitive points
Total project environmental impact and protection objective is expressed in table 1-7.by matrix method and the environmentally sensitive points within lOOm along the construction pipeline and near the water works are listed in table 1-8. Refer to figure I for water function environmental regionalization and refer to figure 3 for the positions of such environmental sensitive points as hospital and school.
In addition, as a national key historical and cultural site under government protection, Tashan Weir has been listed in the environmental project objective (located downstream of Jiaokou Reservoir at the outlet of Zhangxi River besides Tashan Mountain in Yinjiang Town, Yinzhou District.)
Ih) Table 1-7 Environmental function division Item project Location Impact factor Executive standard 300m on the two sides of the whole Noise, GB3095-96, class II construction line atmosphere GB3096-93, Class I Raw water catchment 200m around water conveyance tunnel Ecological and conveyance portal works Jiaokou Reservoir and Zhangxi Stream Water (Yin River) river section in the lower environrment GB3838-2002, Class 11 reach Boundary of the plant and Chlorine -93 surrounding sensitive area leakage, noise Class I in GB 3096 Water purfication Water area receiving waste water Waste water Class III in GB plant ~~~dischargeWatwte 38820 Sludge piling location Sludge lOOm on the two sides of water Noise, Class35 in Clean water conveyance pipeline atmosphere GB 3095-96 Class IV in conveyance works GB 3096-93 and Water lOOm on the two sides of water distribution network conveyance pipeline Vegetation project Pipeline at road junction and on two Traffic _ sides of roads Tra-fIc
Table 1-8 Screened environmentally sensitive points I Shortest No. pointsSensitive distance from Main characteristics of sensitive No. Sensitive points this project points (m) 1 Songao 10 Meixi Administrative Village, about 2 Yinzhou Caijiai 100 households, more than 350 District persons_ 3 Yinjiang Town Daqiao 80 About 5 households, 20 persons 4 Panjiadian 30 About 30households, 100 persons 5 Yanshanbianjian 40 About 25households, 90 persons 6 Meiliangqiao 60 About 10 households, 35persons 7 Fengaodong 5 About 50 households, 180 persons Village 8 Yinzhou Zhiling New 40 About 20 households, 70 persons District Village 9 Hengjie Town Hengjie Town, 10 About 5 households, 20 persons Dingyan 10 Houxu Village 50 About 8 households, 30 persons .11 Sunjia 10 Zhudubu Village, about 15 .11 Sunjia 10 households, 55 persons
12 Guilinyujia 100 About 300 househ6lds . 1050 persons 13 Ejing 5 About 80 households, 280 persons 14 Mengjia 10 About 10 households, 35 persons 15 Yinzhou Langtangcao 50 About 12 households. 40 persons 16 Dlstrnct Yangjia 20 About 25 households, 90 persons 17 Fengshuigang 70 About 60 households. 210 persons 18 Daijia 20 About 10 households, 35 persons 19 Ouchi I 5 About 70 households, 250 persons 20 Lijxaqiao 80 About 8 households, 28 persons 21 Yinzhou Baojia 5 About 25 households, 90 persons 22 District Shanghetou 5 About 30 households, 100 persons
17 23 Shigan Town Fengjia Village 60 About lOhouseholds, 35persons 24 Huangai 10 About 20 households, 70 persons 25 Zhujiacao 5 About 35 households, 125 persons 26 Shangfeng 30 About 15 households, 55 persons 27 Xiafeng 80 About lOhouseholds, 35persons 28 Qian Village 10 About 20 households, 70 persons 29 Jishigang 40 About 50 households, 175 persons Y uanhe ______30 Baojia 10 About 10 households, 35 persons 31 Hehuacao 50 About IShouseholds, 55persons 32 Yinzhou Huitouwang 40 About 20households, 70persons 33 District Lijianong 40 About 70 households, 245 persons J3sggang . gown About 100 households, 350 34 Jingtangangen 25 persons 35 Guojia 40 About 20 households, 70 persons 36 Ganzhang 40 About 30 households, 100 persons V illage______37 Shuqiaotou 20 About 50 households, 175 persons 38 Lijia 70 About 20 households, 70 persons 39 Wujiacao 30 About 35 households, 125 persons 40 Sunjiacao 10 About 40 households, 140 persons 41 Yinzhou Gandun 40 About 60 households, 210 persons 42 District Zhangliusifang 50 About 50 households, 175 persons Zhonggongmtiao a 43 Town Xiaogaogan 90 About 30 households, 100 persons 44 Jiangjiapu 10 About 70 households, 245 persons 45 Yinzhou Xingujia 20 About 20households, 70persons District 46 Xiaying Town Tuqiao 60 About 25 households, 90 persons
47 ______Chenjia 80 About 10 households, 35 persons . .. Lia nfe n g6 0 0 48 Haishu District g 60 About 200households, 7.0persons 49 Xicheng Village 10 About 30 households, 100 persons 50 Zhengjia- 10 About 40 households, 140 persons 51 Sunjia 10 About 20 households, 70 persons 52 Yangshigejia 30 About 50 households, 175 persons Diaojiaqiao 53 Jiangbei District Fengjia Village 5. About 60 households, 210 persons 54 TZhown 20 About 80 households, 300 persons
55 Majing Village 5 About 40 households, 150 persons 56 Lujia 5 About..15 households, 55 persons 57 Jiangdong Laomiao 5 About 70 households, 245 persons DiLstrict Village 58 Xiangxing Hospital 40 50 beds 59 West Suburb Geracomium 50 Number of persons not determined 160 teachers and students. (no Hejia Primary School 15 60 . ~~~acconunodation) 61 Yongcheng Martial Art School 620 teachers and students (no ______accom m odation)
1.8 Major technologies and methods adopted in the assessment
(I ) According to the characteristics of this project, major environmental elements and pollution factor are used as assessment subjects to emphasize the assessment for key protection objective; 18 ( 2) The means of combining analog investigation and research, data analysis and site monitoring is adopted to collect and sufficiently utilize existing data and carry out assessment of current environmental situation and engineering analysis.
( 3) Public participation adopts such methods as symposium, distribution of "public questionnaire' and information disclosure etc.
(4) The method of combining mode calculation and analogy analysis is adopted to conduct environmental impact prediction. Demonstrate the feasibility of construction project from the viewpoint of environment and try to make the conclusion of environmental assessment be operable and verifiable. Provide basis for decision making of project examination and approval department, design of design institution, construction of construction company and Environmental management of project.
1.9 Brief introduction of environmental assessment work group
1.9.1 Project organization structure
This project environmnental impact report is jointly completed by Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences and Ningbo Environmental Protection Science Research & Design Institute. 1.9.2 Brief introduction of environmental assessment organization
Environmental assessment Droject undertaker: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences is a national level comprehensive environmental protection scientific research institution directly under State Environmental Protection Administration and it holds Grade A qualification certificate (GHPZJZ No.1001) of environmental impact assessment issued by State Environmental Protection Administration. The academy has approximately 300 various research and development personnel including academicians of Chinese Academy of Engineering, and advanced instruments and equipment, technical means and key laboratories for monitoring such environmental elements as atmosphere, water, ecology, soil and acoustic environment, thus having abundant strength of environmental protection scientific research and technical service. It has more than 100 personnel who hold the work certificate for environmental assessment. In recent years, it compiles 40-50 various environmental impact reports of construction projects each year, all of which conform to the requirements of national and local environmental management. It provides technical suppon for the harmonious development between national economic construction and environmental protection and provides high quality technical service for construction organization.
Environmental assessment cooperating organization: Ningbo Environmental Protection Science Research & Design Institute
Ninmbo Environmental Protection Science Research & Design Institute is a comprehensive environmental protection scientific research institution integrated with environmental impact assessment, environmental engineering design, environmental protection new technology and new product development, project contracting and supervision, analysis and test. It has relatively complete scientific research and analysis and test instruments and advanced computer network. It is mainly engaged in the work in environmental scientific research including environmental impact assessment of construction project, environmental pollution prevention and control 19 engineering design, development and popularization of environmental protection new technology, new material and new equipment, environmental project general contracting and supervision, environmental monitoring, computer application software development for environmental impact assessment and environmental engineering design etc. At present it has 60 employees, over 90% of whom are.specialized technical personnel, 56% has senior and medium-grade titles. Configuration of professional structure for technical personnel is rational.
Examined and passed by State Environmental Protection Administration, Ningbo Environmental Protection Science Research & Design Institute owns national Grade A certificate of environmental impact assessment (GHPZJZ No2004) and can undertake the following business scope: surface water, groundwater, sea water, air, sound, solid waste, ecology, soil and water conservation, social economy, human health; light industry, textile, chemical fiber, chemical industry, petrochemical industry and medicine; machinery, electronics; traffic and transportation; ocean and coastal engineering; building, city public works; regional development; metal smelting and extrusion; environmental assessment disciplines are relatively complete. The large and medium environmental assessment projects already undertaken by the academy involves chemical industry, expressway, airport, dock, bridge, railway, urban wastewater treatment, urban landfill of refuse, comprehensive treatment of waterway etc, for example: Ningbo sub-project of Zhejiang Urban Construction Environmental Protection Project by utilizing World Bank loan (wastewater treatment plant and supporting pipe network project in southeast Ningbo City, Ningbo City Zhenhai Wastewater Treatment Plant and supporting pipe network project, Ningbo City Dongqian Lake Environmental Treatment Project, Ningbo City Jiangbei District Cicheng Town Environmental Treatment Project), Ningbo City Urban Wastewater Treatment Project (Jiangdong and Jiangbei District Wastewater Treatment Project), Yuyao Urban Area Household Refuse Sanitary Landfill Project, Hangyong Cannel Ningbo Section Project, Zhejiang Shipyard Reconstruction and Expansion Project for building 40,000t ship, coastal national highway Xiangshan Connecting Line Highway Project, ABS 50,000t/y Project of Ningbo LG Yongxing Chemical Co. Ltd, Ningbo Lishe Airport Phase n Project, Changhong Tunnel Project etc.
20 2.0 General situation of loan project
2.1 Brief introduction of loan project and project composition
Project name: Ningbo City Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou Reservoir Water Diversion and Urban Water Supply Ring Network Project (hereinafter referred to as Ningbo Water Supply Project)
Project nature: one of the sub-projects of Ningbo Water Environment Construction Project by utilizing World Bank loan, new built city infrastructure project
Project undertaker: Ningbo Watet; Supply Company
Project investment: total project investment is approximately 1,400,000,00OYuan (RMB); 600,000,00OYuan (RMB) is planned to be borrowed from World Bank, 340,000,00OYuan (RMB) from domestic bank and other 460,000,00OYuan (RMB) is self-raised by the enterprise.
Project construction period: 3 years
Geographic location: situated in Ningbo City and for details, refer to figure 2 "Project geographic location" and figure 3 "System layout".
Relocation and compensation for land requisition: land requisition for this project will involve 213mu collectively-owned land of two towns in Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, which are all mountainous land; and directly affect 83 households and 291 people. The project will temporarily occupy 556.32mu collectively-owned land in Yinzhou District and 1,005mu state-owned land in Haishu District, Jiangbei District and Yinzhou District, and affect 189 households and 573 people for short term. No relocation involved within the range of the project,The project will affect 1 enterprise and only involve a part of appurtenant facilities; and will affect 19 classes of ground fixtures and public utilities. The total cost of land requisition, relocation and resettlement of affected residents for this project will be 91,729,00OYuan RMB, which has been listed in the total project cost.
Project composition: see table 2-1 Project composition.
Table 2-1 Composition of loan project Name of project l Item roject Contents of roject Remarks Ningbo City Raw water A 500,000m /d water catchment tower is Water conveyance Zhougongzhai and Catchment and provided in Jiaokou Reservoir to take raw branch pipes, are led Jioakou Reservoir conveyance water from Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou from along clean water Water Diversion work Reservoirs, which flows through .9.58km main pipe to all villages and Urban Water DN2800 tunnel to Maojiaping Water Works. and towns in Yinxi 3 iSupply Ring Water A 500,000m /d water purification plant is built region and water Network Project purification in Maojiaping. Conventional treatment quantity scale is plant work technology is strengthened and future' 150;00m3/d. This part advanced treatment land is reserved. The" of work has been water works occupies a land of 9.35 hectares separately initialized by l (140.3mu) including 20mu reserved for Ningbo City and is not advanced treatment. included in this project. Clean water Outgoing clean water mains are two Water flows by gravity conveyance DN2000-DNIX800() pipes and total length from water works to land urban ring from Maojiaping Water Works to main water main distribution ring network work distribution pipe network is 36.90km urban network and villages water distribution rine network is divided into and towns in Yinx four sections with total length being 46.70km. region.
I1 2.2 Project scale and construction objective
2.2.1 Supply and demand balance plan 3 According to project feasibility report, this project is planned to increase 250,000m /d water supply capacity 3 before summer peak water consumption (by the end of June) in 2006 and increase another 250,000m /d water supply capacity in the beginning of 2008. See table 2-2 for near-term and long-term supply and demand balance plan.
Table 2-2 Near- and Long-Term (2005-2010) Supply and Demand Balance Plan
(Unit: 10,OOOm3/d)
Present 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Item situation
Predicted water 130.1* 137 142 147 152 .157 162 demand(10,000m 3/d) .
South Suburb 20 20 20 20 15 15 15 Water Works
Jiangdong Water 35 35 25 25 25 25 25 W orks______Water Meilin Water suppl 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 y Works capaci Beilun Water ty of Works 15 30 30 30 30 30 30 water Cicheng Water' works Works 2 2 0 0 0 0 0
(10,00 Yinzhou Central Area Water 8 8 0 0 0 0 0 0m3/d Works . Dongqian Lake Water Works 0 0 50 50 50 50 50 This project Water Works 0 0 25 25 50 50 50 Total 90 105 150 150 170 t70 170 Water* Demand works is Supply and demand greater Basically Basically . . /~~~ Balanced ahead to BSalanced than balanced balanced situation some suppl) extent l
Note: * refers to actual water supply quantity in 2003.
It can be concluded from table 2-2 that: (I ) From now to 2005, water supply capacity of city water works is in great shortage compared with water demand, thus some water works in villages and towns will still supply water in this period. The key emphasis in work is: first, strength water works operation management and endeavor to improve supply water quality and ensure water supply amount; second, rebuild old pipe network as soon as possible to reduce leakage loss and create conditions for next-phase city water works water supply. 3 3 (2) By 2006, Dongqian Lake Water Works of 500,000nm/d and the 250,000m /d water works of this project will be put into operation and water supply capacity and water demand will be basically balanced. Meilin Water Works will be changed into industrial water works and be removed from city water supply scope; South Suburb Water Works and Jiangdong Water Works can reduce water production; Cicheng Water Works (20,00m 3/d) will stop production; Yinzhou Central Area Water Works will stop production (this water works uses water source of Yindong River Network whose quality is poor. The water purification structure of the water works has been expanded many times and water purification technology is out of date). 3 (3) In the beginning of 2008, Phase II 250,000m /d water works of this project will be put into operation and the total water supply capacity is slightly greater than water demand, ahead to some extent. In 2009-2010, supply and demand will be basically balanced, we still have 2-3 years of development space. 2.2.2 Project scale
According to water demand prediction and balance plan of supply and demand, the scale of this project is determined to be 500,000m3/d. 2.2.3 Construction objective
(1) Overall objective
Meet the short- and long-term water demand of the six districts in Ningbo City through this project and other city water supply projects and facilities in existence, under construction and to be constructed, improve supply water quality and safety degree, satisfy and promote economic and social development in Ningbo City, improve residents' living standard and secure residents' health.
(2) This project water quality objective-
Outgoing water quality reaches the national standard of "Domestic and drinking water sanitation specification" and the high-quality water requirement of "Outline of Zhejiang Modernization Water Works Standard (Draft)'. See table2-3.
23 Table 2-3 Zhejiang Provincial City Water Higb-Quality Standard(trial implementation)
No. Items Limit value I Colority =5 (Pt-Co) 2 Turbidity Water out'going from works =0. I NTU Tap water =0.5NTU 3 Iron =0.2 mg/L 4 Manganese =0.05 mg/L 5 Arsenic =0.01 mg/L 6 Nitrate (calculated as per N) =10 mg/L 7 PH 7.0-8.5 8 Oxygen consumption CODMN =2.0 mg/L
(calculated as per 02) 9 otal organic carbon (TOC) =4.0 mgAL 10 Benzene hexachloride =0.0025 mg/L 11 D.D.T. =0.0005 mg/L 12 Total haloform =0.080mg/L 13 Total count of bacteria colonies =50CFUi/ml 14 Sporozoon Should not be tested out or 99% inactivation 15 Giardia lamblia. Should not be tested out or 99% inactivation Others are the same as "Domestic and drinking water sanitation specification" and limit value only refers to tap water unless otherwise indicated.
2.3 Project content, process flow and main technical indices
2.3.1 Raw water catchment project-water catchment tower
Water catchment project is situated on the left bank of Jiaokou Reservoir dam and is 1,000m from the left jetty head. It adopts shaft type layered intaking and totally two layers are provided. Shaft wall adopts C20 concrete lining. Rocks are exposed at water catchment and are caesious crystal fragment and vitric fragment welded tuff with relatively complete lithology and relatively good engineering geologic conditions. Water catchment has the condition to carry out underwater rock plug blasting.
According to combined water supply dispatch analysis of Jiaokou Reservoir and Zhougongzhai Reservoir, 3 the minimum reservoir water level is 39.5m, corresponding storage capacity is 2,470,000m , and normal supply water level is 68.08m. At the same time, in order to ensure taking water at the minimum level and increase water supply guarantee, bottom elevation of water catchment at the bottom laver is 36.0, and bottom elevation of water catchment at the top layer is 51 .Om. Shaft is provided 45m from the water catchment at the bottom layer. Inside the water catchment, two steel structure operating bulkhead gates are provided with dimension of opening being 3- 3: two steel trash racks are provided with dimension of opening being 3-5m: one steel structure maintenance bulkhead gate is provided downstream of the shaft with dimension of opening being 3- 3m. Maintenance platform 2 is provided at 69.0m and elevation of gate hoist platform is 78.5m, above which I 10m gate hoist room is
24 provided. Approach bridge is provided to gate hoist room and bridge width is 2.5m. Approach bridge is connected to highway.
Between water catchment and shaft is water intake tunnel: excavated tunnel diameter 3.6m, C20 concrete lining, and post-lining tunnel diameter 2.8m. Water catchment at bottom layer adopts underwater rock plug blasting method, rock plug diameter 4.0m, rock plug thickness 5.0m. Fragment collection method is used with diameter of stone collection pit being 4.Om and depth being 8.0m. Underground rock plug blasting is completed at one time after construction of all structures is finished.
Construction of water catchment at top layer is controlled within 50m elevation of reservoir water level and is carried out as per conventional method without any effect.
See figure 4 for structure of water catchment tower. 2.3.2 Raw water conveyance work 2.3.2.1 Intake tunnel
Tunnel section of the water diversion project is situated at the junction of Zhedong Basin and Coastal hill and plain. The southwest and northwest areas are high and steep and incline gradually to the northeast. Northeast is flat and is the marginal area of Siming Mountain in East Zhejiang. The peak of Siming Mountain is 1,017m and the east is flat and is Yong River alluvial plain.
Along the tunnel mainly are Jiangao, Wangjiaao and Daao, and floor of trench is 50m-70m high, above which rock mass is 50m-350m. Geologic condition of mountain along the line is good, but faulted structure of relative development passes the line locally. The included angle between faulted structure and tunnel axis is over 40 degrees. Tunnel can be made through engineering measures.
In the arrangement of intake tunnel, engineering geologic condition and construction progress etc are considered for the purpose of striving for small treatment difficulty, fast construction progress and small project investment. The intake tunnel route is determined through comprehensive comparison.
From entrance shaft to collecting well (Maojiaping Water Works), there are four sections of tunnels: the first section is from shaft (stake No. 0+OOOm) to Jiangao (stake No. 0+783m) with length of tunnel being 783m; the second section is from Jiangao (stake No. 0+863m) to Wangjiaao (stake No. 1+933m) with length of tunnel being 1,070m; the third section is from Wangjiaao (stake No.2+083m) to Daao (stake No. 4+613m) with length of tunnel being 2,530m; and the fourth section.is from Daao (stake No. 4+873m) to collecting well (stake No. 9+580m) with length of tunnel being 4,640m; the total length of the tunnel is 9,039m. The bottom elevation of intake tunnel entrance (bottom of shaft) is 36m and that of exit (collecting well) is 30m. Tunfiel is designed based on flow rate of 6.13m3/s and, after kinetic energy comparison, it is determined that excavated tunnel diameter is 3.6m, C20 concrete is used for lining with thickness being 30cm- 40cm, the lined diameter is 2.8m- 2.9m and C20 sprayed concrete is used locally with thickness being 15cm- 20cm. For concrete lined section, backfill grouting is set within the range of 120 degrees of the umbrella arch and concrete lined section is provided with consolidation grouting.
In addition, the length of the fourth tunnel section is 4,640m. Considering ventilation, smoke evacuation and construction period factors at the time of construction, adits are specially set at Zhengjia Village and Jianao with
25 elevation of tunnel opening being 50m and length of adits respectively being 150m for Zhengjia Village Adit and lOOm for Jianao Adit. Adit dimension is 4mx4m and is of city gate type.
See figure 3 for location and direction of raw water conveyance work.
2.3.2.2 Buried steel pipe
Buried steel pipe is set in Jiangao, Wangjiaao and Daao with the length being 80m for Jiangao (stake No. 0+783m 0+863m), 150m for Wangjiaao (stake No. 1+933m-2+083m) and 260m for Daao (stake No. 4+613m-4+873m). After calculation based on design flow and reservoir water level, it is determined that inside diameter of steel pipe is DN2,500mr, thickness is 20mm and reinforcement ring is provided at the spacing of 1.5m, height of 120mm and thickness of 20mm. At the same time, buried steel pipes at all locations are provided with maintenance well (access hole), DNI,600mm drainage butterfly valve (well and including wet well) and DN250mm double port vent valves etc. 2.3.2.3 Collecting well
Intake tunnel exit is provided with collecting well and is mainly used as pump house suction bay for water pump to lift water to the ozone contact tank of the water works at the time of low level. Collecting well is 8mx36m and top height is temporarily determined to be 52m. Well bottom height meets the requirement of suction pipe and is calculated as 30m. Excavation size is 1 lmx39m and the size after concrete lining is 8mx36m.
Five DNI,200mm steel suction pipes are buried in the well; two DN2,000mm gravity flow steel pipes and two DN2,200mm water inlet pipes. According to calculation, the lowest level of collecting well is 36m, height of burial center of suction pipe is 35m, central height of gravity flow pipe is 46m and central height of water inlet pipe is 32m. At the same time DN2,000mm drain valve (well) is provided. 2.3.3 Water purification plant work 2.3.3.1 Designed scale and process flow
(1) Designed'scale
3 the plant is designed and completed at one time according to the scale of 500,000m /d.
(2) Water treatment technology
With reference to the actual operation condition and experience of Beilun Water Works (adopting reservoir water as water source) and other similar water works in Jiangxi and Zhejiang region, water treatment technology adopts conventional treatment technology and land is reserved for future construction of advanced treatment facilities. The technological flow is: raw water goes from lift pump room to the combiried mixed flocculating sedimentation tank through chlorine and chemical dosing room and enters into even-sized filtenng material sand filter; then it goes to clean water basin after chlorine and ammonia feeding and then clean water is,conveyed to clean water conveyance pipe.
(3) Sludge treatment technology
Backflush wastewater enters backflush wastewater regulating pond and then enters backflush wastewater concentration tank; sludge discharging water enters sludge discharging water regulating pond and then enters sludge discharging water concentration tank: supernatant is discharged to the nearby river (Xiaoxi Port) outside the works through pipes and sludge enters sludge balancing tank: sludge in sludge balancing tank is dewatered by 26 plate frame dewaterer and residual water returns to sludge discharging water regulating pond; dry sludge is conveyed to sludge shed for temporary storage or externally transported and utilized as back fill or to refuse site for landfill. See the following figure 2-1 for process flow.
jI~]-@}:dosing room 1JJ~lVLx PAM: Feeding alkali, alum, PAM ilJiA(: Sludge discharging water aJ A(14klF-( Raw water from Jiaokou Reservoir: A1§7 ZftiT: Raw water and lift pump room c ikiRt: Mixed flocculating sedimentation tank tli4BlIt: Homogeneous filtering material sand filter uhina: Pre- chlorination 71: Air,water M rf: Crossover pipe eitin "C: Pipe energy dissipation )JD .: Chlorination )Jli~: Animoniation btn Jftl ffI: Chlorine and ammonia dosing room 03 t It:f: Ozone generator room & PiSYr: Backflush pump room F7JEQ 1: Water distribution network i k Ff: clean water main pipe AR*kit: Clean water basin Wtitit: Active carbon filter cell 03 40t: Ozone contact tank RIMIAft33kr3i: Advanced treatment lift pump room &?1titlE71(: Backflush wastewater fIThV.li: Backflush pump room &54PitFA(-: Backflush wastewater 7JYkLitI21: Water treatment technology ±AiKLk;TLi 0: Supernatant up-to-standard discharge 71: Water if.: Sludge 1&1tit1i7(i~~tkg: Backflush wastewater concentration tank iSiJ(ik1 lit~ Backflush wastewater regulating pond #|i~: External transportation FiJNtOlhj: Sludge pile shed iUVit./V'F:1: Sludge dewatering workshop ~itu-itT*it Sludge balancing tank MFit7tiLMit: Sludge discharging water concentration tank flPJU4i6J< 'i- itL3: Sludge discharging water regulating pond 5i/icll1: Residual water return ~ThL ki T 21: Sludge treatment technology
27 -~ ~~~.- -o-A-- - -i A - -i
______'
Figure 2-1 Process flow chart of water purification Note: dotted line range is the reserved land for advanced treatment.
(4) Dosing system
Dosing room is designed on the base of 500,00Om 3/d and includes three parts: alum dosing, lime dosing and PAM dosing.
Coagulant uses commercial liquid aluminum sulfate: maximum design dose is 40mg/L, average dose is 20mg/L, dosing concentration is 10% and totally 4 dosing points are provided in mixing basin.
Alum dosing system flow is as follows:
Aqua storage tank LiUft pump lo Solution tank - , Filling pump p Dosing point
Modulation by adding water An underground dump chest and two corrosion-resistant pumps (one in operation and one standby) are provided outdoors to lift liquor to aqua storage tank. An aqua storage tank is provided, which is divided into three compartments, and effective volume is based on 18-day storage capacity of average dosing quantity. Aqua storage tank is ground type and each compartment has a feed inlet. Two corrosion-resistant pumps, one in operation and one standby, are used to lift alum liquid to solution tank.
Alum dosing room is provided with four solution tanks, two in operation and two for modulation. Volume of solution tank is designed on the basis of three modulations a day for 40mg/L. One slow-speed agitator is provided in each solution tank and the total quantity of agitators are 4 sets. Five diaphragm metering pumps are provided, four in operation and one standby, and flow capacity of each diaphragm metering pump is 2,400L/hr and lift is 0.3MPa.
28 Ph is modulated using solid lime with maximum dosing quantity of 20mg/L, average dosing quantity of lOmg/L and wet type dosing concentration of 4%. Totally four dosing points are provided in the mnixing basin. Lime storage.capacity is based on 14-day storage capacity for average dosing quantity. Two sets of lime storage and dissolving devices and five dosing pumps, four in operation and one standby, are provided. Dissolving and dosing system uses the imported complete integrated special-purpose device.
Coagulant aid uses solid PAM with average dosing quantity of 0.5mg/L and maximum dosing quantity of l.0mg/L and totally four dosing points are provided. A set of dissolving device and five dosing pumps, four in operation and one standby, are provided. Dissolving and dosing system uses the imported complete integrated special-purpose device.
(5) Chlorine and ammonia dosing system
Chlorine dosing room is designed on the basis of 500,000m3/d. Pre-chlorine dosing is in front of the mixing basin, totally four points, and after-chlorine dosing point is in front of clean water basin, totally four points.
Maximum pre-chlorine dosing quantity is 3mg/I and total quantity is four points. Five chlorinators, four in operation and one standby, are used and each is 20kg/hr. After-chlorine dosing quantity is 1.5-2.5mg/l and average dosing quantity is 2mg/I. Totally four chlorine dosing points are provided. Five chiorinators are provided, four in operation and one standby, and each is 20kg/hr. Booster water pump for chlorine dosing is provided in backflush pump room. Gasification of liquid chlorine uses evaporator and two 200kg/hr evaporators are provided, one in operation and one standby.
Chlofine warehouse is designed based on 10-day storage for average storage dosage.
Inside the chlorine warehouse, one 3t electric single-beam suspended crane is provided.
In the chlorine dosing room, a set of leak chlorine absorption and neutralization device is provided and its chlorine neutralization capacity is 1,000kg/hr with control box.
Control mode for chlorine dosing quantity: pre-chlorine dosing is carried out automatically as per flow ratio and the value of ratio is manually set. After-chlorine dosing quantity is automatically adjusted and fed as per flow ratio and residual chlorine feedback and the value of ratio is manually set. Ammonia dosing room is designed based on 500,000m3/d and the designed ammonia dosing point is in.front of the clean water basin, four points in total.
Ammonia dosing quantity is 0.3-0.5mg/I (ammonia:chlorine=l:5) and average dosing quantity is 0.4mg/l. Totally four ammonia dosing points are provided and five ammoniators are provided, four in operation and one standby, with each one being 5kg/h. Chlorine dosing and ammonia dosing share one set of booster water pump. Gasification of liquid ammonia adopts evaporator and two 21kg/hr evaporators are provided, one in operation and one standby.
Ammonia warehouse is designed on the basis of 30-day storage for average dosage.
Inside the ammonia warehouse, one 3t electric single-beam suspended crane is provided.
Ammonia warehouse, ammonia dosing room and ammonia evaporator room are designed according to explosion protection requirement.
29 Control mode of ammonia dosing quantity: ammonia dosing quantity is fed according to signal ratio of chlorine dosing quantity and the value of ratio is manually set. 2.3.3.2 General arrangement of water purification plant
General arrangement of water purification plant shall meet the requirement of water inlet and outlet direction and water supply elevation. Combining water purification plant flow and fully considering that the plant is in mountainous region, it is necessary to fully utilize landform and reduce earthwork amount and foundation treatment amount to carry out rational layout under the condition of great change of landform and insufficient land.
Arrangement scheme of water pufification plant is: main water purifying structure of the plant-flocculating sedimentation tank (below is clear water basin), sand filter, reserved ozone contact tank and active carbon filter cell are arranged in the central part of the water purification plant. Tunnel surge shaft, raw water lift pump room and sludge treatment part are arranged in the north of the water purification plant. Auxiliary structures such as backfluh wastewater regulating pond, sludge discharge regulating pond, dosing room, chlorine and ammonia feeding room are arranged to the west of the main treatment structure of the water purification plant and living quarter is arranged in the southernmost side of the plant. The water purification plant occupies an area of 9.35 hectares (140.3mu) including 20mu reserved as the land for advanced treatment.
Roads in the plant adopt concrete road surface. Main road to the plant is 6.Om wide, common roadway is 4.Om wide, walkway is 2.Om wide, turning radius is 6m and road transversal slope is 3%.
See figure 5 for arrangement plan of the water purification plant 2.3.3.3 Equipment selection
According to feasibility report, the following considerations will be given to the main equipment selection for the water purification plant:
(1 ) Water diversion pump and drainage wastewater lift and recovery pump and motor use domestic products or the products produced with adopted technology;
( 2) Blower and air compressor for filter tank use the introduced equipment to ensure safety and reliability and reduce noise.
(3 ) General infrequently operated valves select domestic valves and their actuators can use electric driving head produced with the introdued technology. Due to frequent operation, the pneumatic valves and blowers auxiliary valves for controlling filter tank use the products produced with the introduced technology to ensure reliable control.
(4) For dosing, chlorine feeding, ammonia feeding, PAM feeding and lime feeding system equipment, the introduced equipment is used as no similar and reliable product is available in China.
( ) Transformer uses domestic product and HV switch cabinet uses the products of joint ventures.
6 ) Water quality instruments are very important to stable operation and water quality improvement and introduced equipment is considered.
(7 ) Electromagnetic flow meter produced by domestic joint venture is of stable quality and is considered. Pressure gage and level gage etc use domestic products.
30 (8) Monitoring system equipment basically use imported equipment. 2.3.3.4 Water supply and drainage design, landscaping and others
As the plant area is in the high location and surrounding landform is low with relatively great elevation difference, it is considered that rainwater system is provided with rainwater pipe to discharge rainwater to the nearby surrounding area section by section.
During the operation of water purification plant, backflush wastewater and sludge discharging water in mixed flocculating sedimentation tank will be produced. The two streams of wastewater are treated in concentration tank. Supernatant is discharged from concentration tank through pipes to nearby river (Xiaoxi Port) outside the works to supplement the water quantity of river network or to irrigate farmland along the line. Residual water press-filtered from dewaterer will return to sludge discharging water regulating pond for circular treatment.
In-plant wastewater is treated with powered wastewater treatment equipment and part of the up-to-standard tail water is discharged to mountainous region for landscaping and the remaining part is discharged into nearby Xiaoxi Port.
As the plant area is in the high location and surrounding landform is low with relatively great elevation difference, it is considered that rainwater system is provided with rainwater pipe to discharge rainwater to the nearby surrounding area section by section.
For disposal of dewatered dry sludge, according to current data and investigation work and actual local condition and with reference to the sludge disposal method of wastewater plant, resource recovery and comprehensive utilization will be first considered. If condition of utilization is not available for the moment, it shall be used as backfill earth to protect limited soil resources and the excessive part can be used as mulching soil in refuse landfill. Unordered stacking and piling is not allowed.
Except structure (building), road and square, all plant land will be provided with landscape and flowers to further beautify the plant area and plant area greening rate is 30%.
The total controlled land for this project is 420x(200- 245)m.
Present natural land elevation of the plant is 12040m. Considering flood prevention and connection to nearby road as well as gravity water supply requirement, the designed ground elevation of the plant is determined to be 51.OOm.
North of the plant is massif higher than the horizon plain of the plant. Considering flood prevention and safety for the plant, flood prevention trench is provided outside the north enclosing wall of the plant to collect and drain rainwater to the low valley on the two sides of the plant.
Inside the plant, the following auxiliary buildings are provided and their area is determined according to the design code for auxiliary buildings of town water supply works.
I Comprehensive building, 1.650m2, including office, laboratory, central control room and conference room etc
I Living building, 1,400m2, including canteen, bathroom, workers' dornutory, activity room, garage etc
I warehouse and mechanical repair shop. 400m2
3' I gate keepers office, 25m2.
2.3.4 Clean water conveyance main pipe
(1) Pipe direction
Two clean water conveyance main pipes are provided. Connected out from clean water basin of the water purification plant on the mountains on the northeast of Maojiaping Reservoir, the pipe is laid along the side of access road (presently is a village-level path and needs reconstruction) of the water purification plant to Yinheng Road and, turned to the nonh, laid along Yinheng Road to Hengjie Town. The pipe passes by Hengjie Town and is divided into two lines. One line is laid along Yinxia Highway to the east to the junction of Airport Road and is -connected to the urban water distribution ring network at Airport road; the other line is laid along Lianfeng Road under construction to the junction of Airport Road where it is connected to the urban water distribution ring network at Airport road. The total length of the pipeline is 36.9km.
(2) Pipe diameter, material and connection
Clean water pipe uses DN2000- DN 1800 steel pipe. According to result of hydraulic calculation, the use range of DN2000 steel pipe is from the water purification plant along Yinxian Highway to ring network and from the water purification plant to Jishi Port, total length being 29.6km. the use range of DN1800 steel pipe is from Jishi Port to ring network, total length being 7.30km. Pipe is Q235 steel plate welded pipe and is basically connected by welding. Under general foundation condition, foundation treatment is not carried out and working pressure is 0.5MPa.
(3) Vent and water drainage
Automatic vent valve (double port or fast release valve) is provided at cross-river pipe bridge, pipe crown and for every 500-800m of horizontal pipe section; and vent valve port diameter is DN150. Discharge port is provided at down-concaved point of the pipe and for every 600-700m to facilitate water test for putting into production and drainage of residual water in the pipe during maintenance. Drain valve is DN400 manual butterfly valve and all valves are provided in reinforced concrete valve well.
(4) Service measure
To facilitate pipe service and ensure safe pipe water supply, DN2000-DN1800 service closing valves are provided after the reserved connection along the pipeline. All service valves are manual butterfly valves and are provided in reinforced concrete valve well. In addition, connections are provided every 5km of the whole pipe section and when passing main towns. 2.3.5 Urban water distribution ring network
(1) Pipe direction
Urban water distribution ring network is divided into four sections and total length is 46.70km.
East line of ring network: starting from the north outer ring line, it runs from the junction of Century Avenue and north ring line to pass through Yongjiang River along Century Avenue and then continues to run along Century Avenue to the south till Hangyong Expressway. After passing through the expressway, it runs
3:2 along Tongsan National Highway to the south till Yinzhou Highway and is connected to the south line of the ring network. The total length of the pipeline is 17.35km.
South line of ring network: it is connected out from the east line of the ring network at the junction of Yinzhou Highway and Tongsan National Highway and runs along Yinzhou Highway under construction to the west till Airport Road where it is connected to the west line of the ring network and crosses over Fenghua River. The length of the pipeline is 7.75km.
West line of ring network: it is connected out from the south line of the ring network at the junction of Yinzhou Highway and Airport Road and runs along Airport Road to the north. It passes Yuyao River and continues to run to the junction of Xinxing Road and Airport Road. Then it continues to run along the planned extension ( not constructed yet) of Airport Road to the north to connect the planned north outer ring line into the north line of the ring network. The length of the pipeline is 12.00km.
North line of ring network: it is connected out frorh the west line of the ring network at the junction of the planned north outer ring line and Airport Road and runs along the north outer ring line to the east till Century Avenue where it is connected to the start point of the east line of the ring network. The length of the pipeline is 9.60km.
Water supply connections shall be reserved along the line of water distribution ring network to distribute water to the water utilization areas through direct connection or rebuilt connection to original pipes in all water utilization areas.
(2) Pipe diameter, material and connection
Pipe material is DN2200-DN1800 steel pipe and the total length is 46.70km. Pipes use Q235 steel plate welded pipe and are basically connected by welding. Under general foundation conditions, foundation treatment is not carried out and working pressure is 0.5MPa.
(3) Vent and water drainage
Automatic vent valve (double port or fast release valve) is provided at cross-river pipe bridge, pipe crown and for every 500-800m of horizontal pipe section; and vent valve port diameter is DN 150. Discharge port is 6 7 provided at down-concaved point of the pipe and for every 00- 00m to facilitate water test for putting into production and drainage of residual water in the pipe during maintenance. Drain valve uses DN400 manual butterfly valve and all valves are provided in reinforced concrete valve well.
(4) Service measure
To facilitate pipe service and ensure safe pipe water supply, service closing valves are provided after the reserved connection along the pipeline. All service valves use manual butterfly valves and are provided in reintorced concrete valve well.
2.4 Construction method and construction plan
2.4.1 Construction condition
(I ) Engineering condition
33I outside. This project is situated in Yinzhou District, Ningbo City and has a very convenient traffic to the District, Road: Hangyong and Yongtaiwen Expressways and No.329 National Highway all pass through Yinzhou Beilun Port, Ningbo City; Railway: Ningbo Railway Station can unload loose goods of less than lOOt. Port: it has and has an Zhenhai Port and Old Ningbo Port, which is one of the four major.international transit ports in China project. annual throughput capacity of over 50,000,000t, capable of meeting transshipment requirement for the Combined transportation of road, railway and water is available for this project. Town The whole water conveyance system is arranged along the right side of the county road from Yinjiang of tunnels and to Zhougongzhai (Jiaokou) Reservoir. Simple road passes the entrance and exit of all sections in-site traffic of each adit portal, therefore traffic is very convenient in the construction site. of tunnel is Water diversion system is composed of water intake, tunnel and collecting well. The total length of lined plain 9,529m, excavation tunnel diameter is 3.6m, thickness of sprayed concrete is 0.15m, thickness of Jiaokao concrete is 0.3m and thickness of lined concrete is 0.4m. Entrance of intake tunnel is on the left bank Maojiaping Reservoir at about lkm from the upper reach of the dam. Tunnel exit and workshop are besides Reservoir at Meiyuan Bridge in Yinjiang Town.
(2) Natural conditions
a. Hydrometeorological conditions in winter and Ningbo City is in subtropical monsoon climate zone and monsoon altemates significantly and summer. Annual temperature is moderate and the four seasons are distinct with abundant precipitation and local sufficient sunlight. Precipitation in the valley is mainly spring rain, plum rains, typhoon rainstorm mainly in April to thundershower. Typhoon rainstorm is the main cause of deluge in the valley. Precipitation is is 16.3C, extreme September, accounting for 70% of total annual precipitation. Perennial average air temperature Reservoir is maximum air temperature is 38.6C, and extreme minimum air temperature is -8.5 C. Jiaokou capacity of near Miyan Village, Zhangshui Town, 'Yinzhou District, Ningbo City with total storage 119,800,000m3 and dam site catchment area is 259kmi.
b. Landform geologic condition Siming Yinzhou is the low mountain area in East. Zhejiang Basin at 100-450m above sea level. It is in relatively flat Mountain area where the landform is mainly low mountain and hills. Plant area is plain terrain with in the plain ground. The height above sea level is usually less than lOm and river networks are densely distributed terrain. Series Inlet hillside is 30-40 degrees, surface base rock is exposed, and locally Quaternary System Holocene hillside above drift bed (dlQ4) contains detritus silty clay that is 1-3m thick. Distributed elevation is usually on the as Jiangao, reservoir water level and is about 65-90m. The tunnel line mainly crosses over such as ravines of the tunnel is Wangjiaao and Daoao gully and gully bottom elevation is usually 50-60m. Coverning rock mass usually 50-350m thick. and In horizontal distance of 0-3400m is mainly caesious dacite ash tuff clinkered with vitric fragment hard, partially crystal fragment, high dock group, top series, Jurassic System (J3g). The rock is massive and rock. The contains agglomeration gravel and intermingles with the thin layer of ash tuff, siltstone and siliceous ash tuff sections 3400r 6000m from the water inlet is Klg purple gray conglomerate, feldspar sandstone, 34 containing gravel and vitric fragments and silty mudstone interbedded stratum containing gravel powder. The sections 6000 9600m from the water inlet is KIc felsite, argillaceous sandstone, conglomerate, mudstone, vitric fragment ash tuff and sedimented ash tuff etc.
(3) Source of building materials and water and electricity supply condition
Cement, steel, wood and hot work material needed for this project can be purchased and supplied from the market. Construction water: work area at tunnel inlet can take water from Jiaokou Reservoir and work areas at inlet and outlet of various tunnel sections and work area at construction adit can directly draw water from streams at tunnel openings.
Construction power: supplied by power grid. 10kV HV line is connected from nearby substation to the transformer at construction site. All construction sites are equipped with seven 80-120kVA diesel generators.
(4) Natural construction material 3 3 This project needs to pour 62,000m concrete totally and needs 100,000m finished sandstone materials 3 including 69,000m3 gravel (20,000m is supplied by crushing waste residue produced from tunnel excavation) and 3 31,000m3 yellow sand. Yellow sand can be purchased from the market. 50,000m gravel can be purchased from the market and 20,000m3 broken stone can be made by jaw crusher (400x600). 2.4.2 Construction plan
(I) General implementation schedule
(O)Phase I
Preliminary project study, survey, design, land requisition and bid invitation for construction of a part of project before November 2004;
from December 2004 to March 2006, bid invitation for equipment purchase will be completed during construction period.
Commissioning and trial operation-will be carried from March to June 2006;
Maojiaping Water Works Phase I 250,000m3/d wili be put into operation in July 2006.
.2(Phase II
July.2006 to September 2007: construction period of Maojiaping Water Works Phase II, during which equipment purchase bid invitation will be carried out.
October to December 2007: commissioning and trial operation;
January 2008: completely put into operation.
(2) Implementation schedule of item project
J)Raw water catchment and conveyance project construction is from December 2004 to November 2005 for a period of one year. It mainly includes I water catchment tower, 9.58km intake tunnel and I surge shaft.
35 3 ( Maojiangping Water Works: is constructed by two phases. 250,OOOm /d water production capacity will 3 second be built in the first phase and be put into production in June 2006. Another 250,000m /d will be built in the phase and completed by the end of 2007 and put into production in the beginning of 2008.
&Clean water conveyance project
One pipe and two pipes in parallel will be laid in the first phase of construction period. ® Main water distribution ring network project
The west section and the north section are laid in the first phase of construction period and the south section and east section are laid in the second phase of construction period. 2.4.3 Construction method 2.4.3.1 Raw water catchment and conveyance project
(1) Construction cofferdam
As water intake is faced with Jiaokou Reservoir, according to preliminary investigation, Jiaokou Reservoir can maintain water level of 50.Om during the whole construction while height of layered tunnel entrance is the 52.40m. Therefore when layered tunnel of water intake is constructed, it is not necessary to build cofferdam at of layered tunnel of water intake. Tunnel at bottom layer shall select rock plug blasting and construction cofferdam is not necessary.
Construction of entrance and exit of all tunnel sections shall be protected with cofferdam to prevent water from flowing into the tunnel and to ensure construction safety of tunnel. Pipe construction for Aojiang Section, water Wangjiaao Section and Daao Section adopt staged cofferdam diversion and incoming water is led by narrow 3 course. Cofferdam is Grade 4 building and adopts straw bag cofferdam with amount of work being 4,500m .
(2) Foundation pit drainage
This project is situated in the river valley of mountain region and percolating water exists. In addition, construction waste water and massif water percolation exist in the tunnel, therefore ZB19 water pump will be permanently used to drain the water during construction period.
(3) Construction of main part of project
The project includes such major buildings as water intake, intake tunnel and collecting well. The amount of stone works is as follows: total earth excavation of 50,000m3, open stone excavation of 48,000m3, tunnel excavation of 148,000m3, concrete and reinforcement concrete of 62,000m3, consolidation grouting of 39,000m2 and backfill grouting of 23,000m2
(i)Construction of water intake
a. Earth excavation 3 Manual excavation; excavated and loaded by 2m excavator and transported out by 10-12t dump truck.
b. Rock cut
Rock cut is conducted using the method of layered slope cutting. Hand held pneumatic drill is used to drill 3 holes and dynamite is used for blasting. Rock is excavated and loaded by 2m excavator and transported out by 10- 12t dump truck.
36 c. Tunnel rock cut
Hand held pneumatic drill is used to drill holes and dynamite is used for blasting. Rock is transported by 3 two rubber wheeled push chart and then lifted to the ground by lOt hoist, then excavated and loaded by 2m excavator and transported out by 10-12t dump truck.
d. Shaft rock cut
Hand held pneumatic drill is used to drill holes and dynamite is used for blasting. Rock is lifted to ground by 3 lOt hoist, excavated and loaded by 2m excavator and transported out by 10-12t dump truck.
e. Concrete placement
Concrete shaft wall is miixed by 0.4m3 concrete mixer, transported by two rubber wheeled push chart and lifted for placement by vertical conveyor (through lOt hoist). Concrete beam slab column is mixed by 0.4m3 concrete mixer, transported by two rubber wheeled push chart and lifted for placement by vertical conveyor.
f. Tunnel grouting
Grouting is carried out in the sequence of first backfill and then consolidation. Backfill grouting is carried out using the method of sequential compaction after lining concrete reaches 70% design strength and is constructed in two steps. Consolidation grouting is constructed by the method of inter-ring sequence and intra-ring compaction and in-hole circulating one-time grouting method is used.
g. Rock plug blasting
Rock plug blasting is planned to be carried out in August of next year, which means, after construction of water intake is basically completed, rock blast design is specially made for plug blasting and water is put through after one time blasting.
When underwater rock plug blast design and construction are carried out, it is necessary to fully know the landform and geologic data within the range of influence of underwater rock plug blasting and know earthquake-resistant behavior of surrounding buildings and their locations relative to positions of rock plug as well as tunnel requirement for blast and operation. In combination with similar projects in Zhejiang (Huangjiaowen Water supply rock plug blasting, Hengjin Reservoir. rock plug blasting), this blast is planned to adopt row shooting slotting, profile hole enlarging and shaping, row hole arrangement, and column shaped slotting with center empty hole is adopted. Then a ring of blast holes are arranged every 50-100cm according to required lump size of blasted rock. Number of holes is increased gradually according to loaded constitution. Arrangement of row holes shall be as even as possible and be made dense or sparse according the shape of rock plug. Blasted rock fragment is treated using fragment collection method, which means a fragment collection pit with a certain capacity is provided after the rock plug section.
Q)Tunnel construction
Total length of intake tunnel is 9,529m. To ensure construction progress, the single-end drilling footage of each section of tunnel is planned to be controlled at Ikm. Two construction adits need to be arranged. Adit #1 is arranged in Zhengjia, total length 150m, outlet elevation 60m, inlet bottom elevation 32m, slope angle 10.5 . Total length of adit #2 is I OOm, outlet elevation 50m, inlet bottom elevation 31 m and slope angle I I
37 Intake tunnel has 12 working faces: I for outlet, 2 for Aojiang, Wangjiaao and Daao respectively, 2 for adit #1, 2 for adit #2, maximum single-end drilling footage for intake tunnel is 1,200m.
a. Earth excavation 3 Excavated and loaded by 2m excavator and transported by 10-12t dump truck.
b. Rock cut
Hand held pneumatic drill is used to drill holes and dynamite is used for blasting. Blasted rock fragment is loaded by 2m3 excavator and transported by 10-12t dump truck.
c. Tunnel rock cut 3 Hand held pneumatic drill is used to drill holes and dynamite is used for blasting. Rock is loaded by 0.25m hoist rock loader and transported and discarded by hopper car dragged by battery car. Rock needs to be lifted by 3 and when going out of tunnel opening. At the tunnel opening, rock is excavated and loaded by 2m excavator transported out by 10-12t dump truck.
d. Concrete lining and spraying 3 by Tunnel concrete lining uses the concrete mixed by O.4m mixer, transported by hopper car dragged shotcrete battery car and delivered to concrete bin by concrete pump. Concrete spraying is made by BW200/400 machine.
e. Steel pipe fabrication and installation
Steel pipe fabrication is carried out on fabrication site and burial is constructed by hand labor method.
f. Tunnel grouting is carried Grouting is carried out in the sequence of first backfill and then consolidation. Backfill grouting and is out using the method of sequential compaction after lining concrete reaches 70% design strength intra-ring constructed in two steps. Consolidation grouting is constructed by the method of inter-ring sequence and compaction and in-hole circulating one-time grouting method is used.
OConstruction of collection well
a. Earth excavation 3 Excavated and loaded by 2m excavator and transported by l0-12t dump truck.
b. Rock cut is Hand held pneumatic drill is used to drill holes and dynamite is used for blasting. Blasted rock fragment loaded by 2m3 excavator and transported by 10-12t dump truck.
c. Shaft rock cut Pilot-tunneling method is used for construction. First 2m construction pilot tunnel is excavated from bottom tunnel, and to top and then gradually enlarged to the designed section from top to bottom. Broken rocks drop into 3 opening. is loaded by 0.25m rock loader, transported and discarded by hopper car dragged by battery car to tunnel 3 where rocks are excavated and loaded by 2m excavator and transported out by 10-12t dump truck.
d. Concrete lining top Concrete lining adopts shp.form construction method. Concrete is poured layer by layer from bottom to by and is supplied by the concrete mixing station at tunnel opening. It is mixed by 0 4m3 mixer, transported 38 hopper car dragged by battery car to the bottom of water collection well and lifted by lOt hoist to concrete bin for placement.
e. Consolidation grouting
Consolidation grouting is carried out using the method of inter-ring sequence and intra-ring compaction. The in-hole circulating one-time grouting method is used.
(4) Construction transportation and general layout
(D)Construction transportation External transportation mainly is road transportation. County road or tractor plowing road passes all work areas, thus external transportation is very convenient.
In-site transportation is mainly through the construction road set along the route when tunnel muck hauling road is constructed. Totally 4km construction road needs to be built on the site with road width of 7m.
()General construction layout
Construction areas of this project are dispersed and it is divided into seven construction areas according to project arrangement and construction scheme. They are water intake construction area, Aojiang construction area, Wangjiaao construction area, Daao construction area, #1 adit construction area, #2 adit construction area, collecting well and exit construction area. Living quarter of water intake construction area can be arranged in Aojiang construction area.
(®)Mainauxiliary construction enterpnses
a. Concrete mixing system
According to arrangement of buildings and situation of construction working faces, the concrete mixing system for this project is arranged in the seven construction areas. Each construction area is provided with a 3 concrete mixing station and each concrete rnixing station is provided with 1-4 0.4m mixers.
b. Air, water and electricity system
Air supply for construction of this project is arranged in seven construction areas according to the situation of construction working faces. Each compressed air station is provided with two W-9/7 movable type air compressors and two 4L-20/8 air compressors to supply the air needed for rock cut of all construction areas.
Construction areas for this project are sparsely distributed; therefore construction water is supplied by several systems. Construction water for water inlet can be directly drawn from Jiaokou Reservoir by pumps. Construction water for tunnel inlet and outlet, pipe and construction adits can be drawn'from nearby streams.
In the construction water system, totally six various types of water pumps are installed and water pond is made of M7.5 grouted rubble.
Construction electricity is connected from local power grid and special construction line is planned to be erected from nearbv lOkV line to all construction areas. After stepped down by transformer, electricity is distributed to all constructions areas for use. Total capacity of transformer is 1400kVA. In addition, 80-l2OkVA house diesel generator is provided in each construction area.
4 Production welfare and auxiliary enterprise arrangement 39 General construction arrangement for the project shall be planned and designed in the principle of production and living convenience, quick production, economic reliability, easy management and less construction land. As arrangement of buildings for this project is wide, auxiliary enterprise area in all construction areas shall be arranged sparsely and area by area. 2 2 2 The seven construction areas for this project totally need 3,000m , 2,500m and 1,200m for living management, auxiliary enterprise area and warehouse respectively to manage the construction in all construction areas.
(:)Earthwork balance and excavation waste dump
a. Earthwork balance 3 3 3 Total earthwork excavation quantity is 246,800m including 50,000m earth, 48,400m open cut stone and 3 3 148,400m3 tunnel rocks. Bulk factor for stones is 1.3 and total quantity of slag is 305,800m , of which 195,100m from water inlet, Jiangao, Wangjiaao and Daoao working faces is transported out and used for urban construction of Ningbo City, lO,00Om 3 is utilized for this water diversion project and construction waste residues are 100,600m 3.
b. Excavation waste dump
This project plans to build four excavation waste dumps and present land in excavation waste dumps is forest land. See figure 6 for location of construction area and excavation waste dumps, and see figure 7 for present situation of excavation waste dumps.
#1 excavation waste dump is situated in the mountain flatland near Zhengjia Village, slag pile capacity is 31,000m 3, and it is mainly for piling of the excavated earth and rocks from #1 construction adit. It occupies an area of 18mu.
#2 excavation waste dump is situated in the mountain flatland near Jianao Village, slag pile capacity is 15,000m3, and it is rtainly for piling of the excavated earth and rocks from #1 construction adit. It occupies an area of 8mu.
#3 excavation waste dump is situated in the mountain.flatland near Jianao Village, slag pile capacity is 15,000m3 , and it is mainly for piling of the excavated earth and rocks from #EI construction adit. It occupies an area of lOmu.
#4 excavation waste dump is situated in the mountain flatland near Songxiang Village, slag pile capacity is 42,000m3 , and it is mainly for piling of the excavated earth and rocks from #EI construction adit. It occupies an
area of 2 5mLu.
©t)Construction land
Raw water catchment and conveyance project will temporarily occupy I11 mu land, including 5Omu for such construction site as living buildings, warehouse and construction facilities and 61mu for excavation waste dump. It includes 78mu mountain forest, 22mu farmland and I lmu fritillary. 2.4.3.2 Water purification plant project
The plant area is on hillside, the ground height above Yellow Sea level is 40-140m, and designed plant ground level is 49.00m. Therefore foundation of the structure (buildings) for this project is on earth fill or
40 excavation foundation. To ensure normal use of structure (buildings) and meet the requirement of foundation stability, deformation and strength, it is necessary to treat foundation.
(1) Earth fill shall control compactness and evenness of filling materials and layered vibration compaction is adopted.
( 2 ) Large single stone must be excavated and foundation strength be ensured.
( 3 ) When foundation of structure (buildings) is on semi-filled foundation, appropriate strength shall be used to backfill the filling materials.
(4)Workshop foundation surface elevation is 49m and ground elevation is 40-140m. Maximum excavation slope is lOOm. Smooth blasting method shall be used during construction and necessary comprehensive measure of anchor rod and screen anchoring and shotcreting shall be taken to ensure side slope stability. Argillaceous rock tends to soften when contacting water and ablate when in air. After excavation, it is necessary to spray concrete to carry out enclosed protection.
(5) To the east of hillside is ravine and ravine landfill layer shall be rolled. When rock strata in rock mass break due to slippage for example, foundation shall undergo the consolidation grouting and reinforcing treatment. 2.4.3.3 Clean water conveyance main pipe project
(1) Covering depth
Generally, covering depth above pipe top is 2.Om aud minimum covering depth meets the requirement of deep pipes. In local areas, buried depth can be reduced properly due to landform. a. Hengjiezhen section
The delivery pipeline will go through Hengjiezhen Town. According to the site investigation, there are densely distributed buildings and many ground and underground other kinds of pipelines. There are many difficulties and large amount of removing efforts have to be made for the delivery pipeline to go through the town along the main roads. To reduce relocation and construction difficulty and save project investment, field investigation is carried out in combination with this part of topographic survey map, It is primarily planed that the pipeline going along Yinheng Road will turn to north-eastern before entering Hengjiezhen Town. The pipeline will be laid along the cultivated land to Yinxian Road. This section is easy to construction with good hydraulic conditions because it will mainly laid along the cultivated land without major obstacles and small removing efforts. It is primarily planed that the. pipeline going along Yinheng Road will turn to north-eastern before entering Hengjiezhen Town. The pipeline will be laid along the cultivated land to Yinxian Road. This section is easy to construction with good hydraulic conditions because it will mainly laid along the cultivated land without major obstacles and small removing efforts.
b. Guiling Yujia Section
This section will go through Guiling Yujia Village. According to the site investigation, there are densely distributed buildings and manv ground and underground other kinds of pipelines. There are many difficulties and large amount of removing efforts have to be made for the delivery pipeline to, go through the town along the main roads It is planned to cross the village with pipe jacking in consideration with the site investigation and landform drawving. Push pipe is about 1. I S5km long.
41 (2) Across river and across road
This pipeline runs across many rivers. Three types of river pipes can be selected, i.e. river pipe bridge, river inverted siphon (pipe sinking construction) and push pipe.
In principle, the bottom elevation of pipe bridge should be kept the same with the bottom elevation of existing highway bridge. Single-span bridge should be used for narrow river course. The pipe bridge will be supported by pile frame with air discharge facilities at highest point. The standard covering soil and backfilling should be used for the inverted siphon method with strict control on construction quality.
(3) Across road
According to situation of roads along the line, the pipe runs through fewer roads. In principle, steel pipe is used to directly pass through roads. At the same time, protection shall be made for existing ground and underground structure, facilities and various pipelines.
(4) Construction drainage
Groundwater level in Ningbo region is relatively high and construction difficulty is great. According to geological situation, it is considered that well point water level reduction method be used to carry out construction drainage in the locations with poor soil quality, relatively good water permeability and easy occurrence of quicksand phenomenon. Channel drainage method is basically adopted for other locations. During construction, support and protection work for excavated channel shall be made to prevent fortuitous event such as collapse. It is recommended to try to carry out construction in dry season so as to effectively reduce construction difficulty and project cost. 2.4.3.4Urban ring network project
(1) Covering depth
Generally, covering depth above pipe top is 2.0m. In local areas, buried depth can be reduced properly due to landform.
(2) Across river
Pipeline for this project needs to run across Yongjiang River, Yuyao River and Fenghua River. According to field investigation, surface of the three rivers is relatively wide and is open to navigation. Century Avenue adopts tunnel type to cross Yongjiang River. As construction period for pipeline crossing river surface is long and will greatly affect river transportation, and additionally as navigation requirement is high and it is difficult for common flat pipe bridge to reach strength requirement, if arch pipe bridge or cable stayed bridge is used, project investment will be greatly increased and the landscape is difficult to be in harmony with the surrounding environment. Therefore push pipe is used to cross over the river. 3 ) Across railway Pipeline for this project needs to run across two railways. According to field investigation, the pipeline in Ningbo region runs across railway in the following way: provide railway department with the information on the location where pipeline runs across railway, pipe nature, diameter, buried depth and pipe material etc. Railway
42 department carries out special design and construction and fabricates and completes appropriate pipe culvert under railway for the pipeline to pass through.
(4) Across expressway
Pipeline for this project needs to run across two expressways. According to field investigation, the pipeline in Ningbo region runs across expressways in the following way: pipeline is laid near the location where pipeline runs across expressway while considering the space below overhead section of expressway to reduce the impact of pipeline construction on expressway. This project shall adopt the above method to lay pipeline in nearby expressway culvert.
(5) River pipe
This pipeline runs across many rivers. Three types of river pipes can be selected, i.e. river pipe bridge, river inverted siphon (pipe sinking construction) and push pipe. See Figure 4 (WF400W-02) for typical river pipe bridge and inverted siphon. Pipes use pipe bridge to run across river. In principle, the bottom of pipe bridge is flush with the bottom of road bridge. According to river width, single span is used to cross over small rivers. Pipe bridge is supported by pile frame and vent device is provided at the highest point. When inverted siphon is used, it is necessary to carry out pipe covering and backfilling and construction quality shall be strictly controlled.
(6) Across road
When pipeline runs across road, excavation or push pipe construction is considered. Small road adopts excavation construction and all bid roads adopt push pipe. When pipeline runs across small villages, steel pipe is used to directly pass through in principle. At the same time, protection shall be made for existing ground and underground structure, facilities and various pipelines.
(7) Across landscape
When pipeline runs across landscape, excavation or push pipe construction is considered. If landscape grade is low and destructive area is small, mobile landscape excavation construction method is used and landscape is restored after construction. For most part of landscape in Airport Road and Century Avenue, this design considers push pipe method and continuous well type is adopted for construction as this part of landscape grade is high and transplantation cost is high and excavation of some road sections is not allowed in order to ensure townscape.
(8) Construction drainage
Groundwater level in Ningbo region is relatively high and construction difficulty is relatively great. According to geological situation, it is considered that well point water level reduction method be used to carry out construction drainage in the locations with poor soil quality, relatively good water permeability and easy occurrence of quicksand phenomenon. Channel drainage method is basically adopted for other locations. During construction, support and protection work for excavated channel shall be made to prevent fortuitous event such as collapse.
43 2.5 Project pollution sources and discharge of pollutants
2.5.1 Raw water catchment and conveyance work
( 1) Analysis of pollution sources during construction gases Pollution sources during construction are construction noises, construction dust nuisances and waste time impact of as well as pile of spoil and stone; temporary impact of tunnel construction on groundwater; short rock plug blasting during water catchment tower construction on water quality in reservoir etc.
(DConstruction noise
Construction noises mainly are those generated from various construction machineries, transportation is listed in vehicles and blasting. According to analogy result, related test result of construction noise emission table 2-4.
Table 2-4 Analogy result of construction noises Main construction machinery Test distance Noise value dB (A)
Hand held pneumatic drill (manual 5 86 excavation) 82 Air compressor 5 73 Winch 5 78 Excavator 5 80 Wheel loader 5 Concrete mixing station 5 76 Concrete vibrator 5 88 82 Dump truck 5 82 Blasting construction 50 78 Water pump 5
(@)Construction dust nuisance nuisance Construction dust nuisance may be produced in various links of this project contraction, e.g. dust purification may be produced during construction of raw water catchment tower and tunnel and blasting of water of raw water plant; construction dust nuisance may be produced by concrete mixing station during construction and unloading *catchment tower and tunnel; construction dust nuisance may be produced during earthwork loading around the etc. If not controlled, construction dust nuisance may generate impact on the atmospheric environment construction site.
(>Construction waste gas as the Construction waste gases mainly are those produced from various construction machineries such waste gas emitted from wheel loader, dump truck and excavator.
4)Construction land and tunnel Construction land refers to temporary construction land. The construction in raw water catchment conveyance water conveyance project occupies relatively much land. Raw water catchment and tunnel water
44 project has seven construction areas and the land used for living management, auxiliary enterprise area and warehouse is 3,000m2 , 2,500m 2 and 1,200m 2 respectively.
(2Earthwork balance and excavation waste dump
During construction of raw water catchment and tunnel water conveyance project, a large quantity of earthwork may be produced and excavation waste dump is needed to store the waste residues. During construction 3 of raw water catchment and tunnel water conveyance project, total earthwork excavation quantity is 246,800m including 50,000m3 earth, 48,400m 3 open cut stone and 148,400m 3 tunnel rocks. Bulk factor for stones is 1.3 and total quantity of slag is 305,800m3, of which 195,100m3 from water inlet, Jiangao, Wangjiaao and Daoao working 3 faces is transported out and used for urban construction of Ningbo City, lO,00Om is utilized for this water diversion project and construction waste residues are 100,600m3. Table 2-5 shows the situation of the four planned excavation waste dumps.
(2) Pollution source analysis during operation period
Mainly the impact of reservoir water catchment on the ecological environment of the water area in the lower reaches.
Table 2-5 Situation of four planned excavation waste dumps No. Location Capacity of Waste residues (source of Floor area present . dump earth) (mu) land (10,000m3 ) 1# Mountain 3.1 Excavated earth and rocks 18 flatland near from # 1 construction adit Zhengjia Village 2# mountain 1.5 Excavated earth and rocks 8 flatland near from #1 construction adit Jiana6 Village . . ~~~~~~~~~~forestland 3# mountain 1.5 Excavated earth and rocks 10 flatland near from #1 construction adit Jianao Village 4# mountain 4.2 Excavated earth and rocks 25. flatland near from # I construction adit Songxiang Village Total 10.3 61
2.5.2 Water purification plant project
(1) Analysis of pollution sources during construction period
Due to large freight volume of earth and stones in construction site of water purification plant and a large number of construction personnel, construction period mainly has the following impact on environment: ground 45 dust, construction machinery and transportation noises, wastes and domestic wastes, domestic sewage, and soil erosion caused by storm runoff etc. The condition of various pollutants produced during construction is basically the same as the nature of water catchment tower and tunnel water conveyance project.
(2) Analysis of pollution sources in operation period
Pollution source in operation period is noise source. Noise of water purification plant is mainly from water pump and transport equipment and its value is 60-9OdB (A). In addition, water purification plant may have the risk of sludge, production and domestic wastewater and chlorine and ammonia leakage.
(For sludge quantity produced from water purification plant, according to inlet water SS quantity, the designed dry sludge quantity is 17.8tid and wet sludge quantity (water content is 70%) is 59.3t/d after calculation.
(@ During production, backflush water and sludge discharging water in sedimentation tank are treated in sedimentation tank and supernatant is discharged. See figure 2-1 for treatment process. Residual water press-filtered from dewaterer will return to sludge discharging water regulating pond for circular treatment. Discharge of wastewater is about 13,900 m3/d, of which backflush wastewater is 7,900 m3/d and process wastewater discharged from sludge discharging water in sedimentation tank after concentration and dewatering is about 6,000 m3/d. Analogy investigation is made to Ningbo Beilun Water Works (with Hengshan Reservoir as water source and treatment process of water purification plant is basically the same), and the quality of discharge water after treatment of sludge discharging water in sedimentation tank is 70mg/I SS and 73mg/I COD, but backflush water is reutilized and continued to be used as source water for water purification plant. This indicates that the quality of this part of water is better than that of discharge water from sludge discharging water in sedimentation tank.
©INoise emission is mainly those generated from various pumps and air compressors etc and noise is below 8OdB(A). All noise sources are in buildings and, after sound insulation and vibration reduction, outdoor noise can be made below 6OdB(A).
(4)Domestic wastewater is mainly produced by production personnel. The water purification plant has 50 employees and discharge of domestic wastewater is 12m3/d plus discharge of wastewater from dining hall etc, and the total discharge of domestic wastewater is 30m3/d. Quality of raw discharged water is COD 350mg/A, BOD5 200 mg/I, SS 220 mg/I, and outlet water after treatment, COD< 100mg/1, BOD5<20 mg/I, and SS <70 mg/l. 2.5.3 Clean water conveyance main pipe project and urban water distribution ring network project
(I ) Analysis of pollution sources during construction period
Ground dust nuisance, construction machinery and transportation noise, waste and domestic refuses, domestic wastewater and soil erosion caused by storm flow etc; impact of construction on traffic etc. Impact of this part of construction period is far less than the impact of construction of water catchment and conveyance and water purification plant on the environment.
Clean water conveyance main pipe and urban water distribution ring network project is mainly carried out by manual excavation and is completed by top pipe construction method in the sensitive sections where pipelines runs across river and road. Solid waste produced dunng excavation is mainly earth, most of which can be leveled and afforested to basically restore the original landform.
46 However this part of construction will cause significant impact on traffic of some road sections and rational organization and design shall be carried out to rminimize this part of impact.
(2) Analysis of pollution sources during operation period
Generally, the covering earth on top of pipe is 2.0-2.5m, therefore gs long as vegetation is restored after water conveyance pipe is buried, it will have a very small impact on ecology. At the same time, due to use of gravity flow water conveyance, the main ring network project of water distribution will not generate other significant environmental pollution problems during operation.
47 3.0 General situation of regional environment for the loan project
3.1 Natural environmental condition
3.1.1 Geographical location
Ningbo water diversion from Zhou Gongzhai and Jiao Kou reservoirs and urban water supply pipeline network project is located in Ningbo city, Zhejiang province. Totally, four administrative regions-Yinzhou,Haishu,Jiangdong and Jiangbei-will be involed in this project. Ningbo is a city specifically China Sea designated in the state plan, located at the central section of Chinese continental coast and shore of East 28051' in the northeast of Zhejiang province and enclosed by east longitude 120°55'. 122°16'and north latitude of Taizhou 30°33'. It faces the Zhoushan archipelagos on the east, links the Sanmen county and Tiantai county west city on the sourth, connects the Shangyu city, Shengzhou city and Xinchang county of Shaoxing city on the transverse and is close to the Hangzhou bay on the north.The land zone of the city boundary with the maximum 2 covers six distance of 175km and the maximum longitudinal distance of 192km has the total area of 9365km , and Beilun districts and five counties including Haishu district, Jiangdong district, Jiangbei district, Zhenhai district, the district, Yinzhou district, Yuyao city, Cixi city, Fenghua city, Ninghai county and Xiangshan county, in which, 2 urban area is 2560km2 , the area of Yinzhou district is 1409.73km , the area of built-up area of cities is 127km2. 7 for Refer to figure 2 and 3 for geographic location and pipeline layout of this project, and refer to figure present situation of the environment along the line. 3.1.2 Landform and geomorphy
The relief of Ningbo territory is the higher sourthwest and lower northeast. Its sourthwest is Siming tip as the mountain belonging to Tiantai mountain chain and the north is marine plain. If Hemudu belaying cleat mountains dividing line, the west is Yaoci plain terrain and the east is Ningbo plain terrain which is surrounded by by at east, west and sourth. The strike of mountain and plain is mainly North-East, North-North-East controlled elevation New Cathaysian Structural System.The Siming mountain whose main peak-Qinghugang-with absolute east of 979m is of the erosion structured low mountain landform. The sourtheast is the extension along north- At the direction of Tiantai mountain chain. The absolute elevation of the main peak, Taibai mountain, is 656m. of east-weat northwest, the area from Yuyao to Xiepu of Zhenhai is coteau landform extending along the direction start from and tranverses the Yaoci plain. The mild slope and lower hill between the Y.ong river and Xiaojia river Long mountain, extend along north-east direction, and end at Yongjiangkou Jinjishan. The west of Yongjiangkou seashore is the tidal flat and the east of it is the marine-reosion coast formiing the good deepwater port.
The Ningbo plain is devided into Ningdong, Ningxi and Ningbei by Yongjiang and its two main branches. there Fenghuajiang and Yaojiang. Between the Yanjiang, which is the branch of Fenghuajiang, and the Dongjiang, is the Fenghua plain. At the north of Yuwanglin, there is the Beilun plain. crisscross The urban area of Ningbo is located on the stabilizing plain of Yongjiang basin with flat relief, level). nvers,extensive sea area and endless coastline. The average elevation of urban area is 3.Om (Yellow sea 2 2 The total area of Yinzhou district is 1409.73krm , in which. the area of mountainland is 706.14km , the area 2 2 by of plain is 556.20krn , and the area of water is 147.39km . The west and sourtheast of it is surrounded
48 mountains and the central of it is plain with crisscross footpaths and river network. It is tranversed by Fenghua jiang which interjuncts the Yaojiang from the west at the Sanjiangkou of Ningbo. Based on the geographical features, the county can be divided into four natural regions:
( I ) low hill and coteau region at the west with the total area of 353.98km 2;
( 2) plain region at the center with the total area of 516.79km2;
( 3 ) coteau region at the sourtheast with the total area of 375.98km2;
( 4) coastal plain region with the total area of 118.48km2. The earth's surface of the district is covered by the loosen sediment of fourth system.
The Wenzhou-Zhenhai fracture zoine passes the east of it and Yuyao-Lishui fracture zone passes the north of Ningbo city. The main geological hazard in the district is land subsidence and the accumulated subsidence measurement is less than 300mm. 3.1.3 Engineering geological condition
The project zone with straight coastline is set up on the coastal plain of the eastern of Zhejiang province, close to the mountain on the sourth and faces to the ocean on the north. The landforms of all project sites can be classfied to the coastal wash plain.
The geological structure units in the project zone belong to the Huaxia belt of folded strata in the Southern China system of folded strata, lying in the Xingchang-Dinghai of the Lishui-Ningbo geosynclinal convex. The project zone mainly lie on the fractures with the orientation of North-east and the west local areas on the huge fracture of Wenzhou-zhenhai. The formration of merger and containment of North-east fractures and dense spreading and interjunction on the Xiashao area results in the medium intensity earthquake structure.
The access downhill with the slope of 30-40 and exposed bedrock on the earth's surface has the distributed elevation of approximately 65-90m higher than the water level of reservoir. The parts of downhills is the Holocene Series slid off slope (dlQ4) containing the 1-3m deep broken stone and silty clay.
The water conveying line sections 0- 3400m from the water inlet is mainly made up with caesious dacite ash tuff clinkered with vitric fragment and crystal fragment, high dock group, top series, Jurassic System (J3g) The rock is massive and hard, partially contains agglomeration gravel and intermingles with the thin layer of ash tuff, siltstone and siliceous rock. The sections 3400 6000m from the water inlet is KIg purple gray conglomerate, feldspar sandstone, ash tuff containing gravel and vitric fragments and silty mudstone interbedded stratum containing gravel powder. The sections 6000 9600m from the water inlet is Klc felsite, argillaceous sandstone, conglomerate, mudstone, vitric fragment ash tuff and sedimented ash tuff etc. 3.1.4 Earthquake
Ningbo city is located on the transition zone between Northchina seismic belt and Sourtheast coastal seismic belt. Most areas have the lower seismic activity. Based on the Chinese earthquake zoning map. the project sites is designed with the earthquake intensity of VI degree and the earthquake acceleation of 0.05g. 3.1.5 Climate and weather
Located in the subtropical zone with a monsoon climate. Ningbo makes features of mild temperature, distinct four seasons, obviously alternation of winter and summer monsoon, abundant rainfall and long sunlight
49 time. But the disastrous weather often occur, which including the cold wave in the winter, low temperature continous overcastlrainy and flood in the spring and autumn, high temperature in the summer, and typhoon/storm in the summner and autumn etc. The basic climate parameters of Ningbo city as following:
Temperature: (ellipsis) 0 Annual average temperature: 16.9 C Annual average rainfall: 1128.7 millimeter Max.Rainfall of an hour: 100.9 millimeter Annual sunlight hours: 1 800.4h
Annual average Relative Humidity: 77% 0 Max. temperature: 36.3 C Min. temperature: -5.0°C Annual average air pressure: 1016.3hPa
Annual average wind speed: 2.9mn/s
Year dominant wind direction: NW SSE
frost-free period: 228days 3.1.6 General situation of river water system 3.1.6.1 Surface water
(1) Rivers
Yongjiang water system is one of the eight bigger water systems in Zhejiang province. The Yuyaojiang and Fenghuajiang upstream of it merge into one at Sanjiangkou of Ningbo running through the Zhenhaikou along the direction of East-North to East China Sea. The main stream of Yongjiang is 26km with watershed area of 5544km2, catchment area of 4252km2 , annual total runoff volume of 3.702 billion cubic meters, river width of appr. 200- 700m, average width of 262m, average water depth of 6m, min. water depth of 2.8- 3.0m. The measured max. peak discharge is 6500m3 /s. The flow during low flow season is almost zero at some time. The runoff volumn is subject to the rainfall time. The main function of Yongjiang is navigation,discharing flood and for industrial use. Yongjiang is of the type of irregular semi-diurnal tide with the high-tide level of a-fifty-year return period of 4.96m (Wusong elevation )and the multi-yearly average high-tide level of 2.94m. The ebb tide flow at Sanjiangkou is 290-690m3 /s.lts rtnoff volumn is 10-24°% of ebb tide flow. Due to influence from the salty tide of sea, Yongjiang is considered not to be the source of drinking water.
Yaojiang is born of Xiajialin of Siming mountain and has the total length of 107.4km and watershed area of 1934 km'2. The Siminghu reservoir built upstream of it has the catchwater area of 103krii2. Yaojiang is a plain river with gently gradient ratio, low flat lanform with 3-4m elevation at both sides along the river. Before its interjunction into Yongjiang, Yaojiang gate is built to store the fresh water and prevent from access of salty water. The multi-yearly average open hours of Yaojiang gate is 700hours which is 8%of total hours. Therefore, Yaojiang almost belongs to the enclosed and semi enclosed inland river with the multi-yearly average runoff volumn of 1.096 billion cubic meters.
Fenghuajiang is one of the biggest two branches of Yongjiang. Its main stream is Jinjiang and its branches including Yanjiang. Dongjiang and Xianjiang. The main stream of Fenghuajiang is 98km long with watershed 50 area of 2590km2, catchwater area of 1965km2, multi-yearly average total runoff volumnl.299 billion cubic meters, the width of 130- 220m and average depth of Sm. Fenghuajiang has the multi-yearly average flow of 75 m3/s and the max. flood flow of 5000 m3/s. The flow during low flow period is almost zero. Generally, November, December and January are the low flow period, april and may as the level period and the rest months as the high-water period. Fenghuajiang is a tidal river with the multi-yearly average one time flood tide volumn of 7.89 million cubic meters and the ebb tide volumn of 10.91 million cubic meters. The runoff volumn only is 5 -23% of the ebb tide volumn. The salty tide will reach to the vicinity of Shiqi and Lishe of Fenghuajiang. In the dry seasons, it can reach upward to Jinjiang county, Xiaozhen county and Xiwu. Therefore, Fenghuajiang is considered not to be the main source of urban water supply.
Jinjiang is merged at Miyan with two rivulets, Dajiao and Xiaojiao. After flowing out from Jiaokou, it is called as Zhangxi rivulet running through Zhancun, Changtan, Tiandayan, Zhongyangan and Huancuntan, integrating the water from Longwang and Huanxi rivulets, passing Wutoumen, Zhongjiatan and Jinjiang county. After passing Yuetashanyan, it is called as Jinjiang, taking in the water from Qingyuan rivulet, passing eastward through Xiangyan and Bailiang bridge to Xiejiatu, finally joining the Fenghuajiang together with Yanjinag and Dongjiang. The main stream of Jinjiang is 69.4km long with watershed area of 348 km2. The Jiaokou reservoir was built upstream of it with catchwater area of 259 km2. After Jinjiang county, it is tidal section which containing fresh water at ordinary times. In severe dry year, salty tide will reach upward to the vicinity of Xiangyan.
Dongjiang originates in Bodaolingang on the sourth end of Geao township of Fenghua county, passes through Geao, Dongqiao, Xiwu and Baishe, bings into the water from Xianjiang at Fangqiao county, runs northward to Naisanjiangkou and merges with Yanjiang and flows into Fenghuajiang. The Sourth-north oriented river is with main stream of 43.8km long. The main rivulets including Zhuxi, Hengkengxi and Jinxi has the watershed area of 11-6km2. Dongjiang accesses Yinzhou from Wangdabin bridge, passing Maoshan, Chaoyang and Fangqiao to Nansanjiangkou, with the length of 8.2km, average width of 75m, average depth of 3.2m and water surface area of 0.62km2. It is a tidal river section containing fresh water at ordinary times. In severe dry seasons, salty tide will reach upward to the vicinity of Taipinggan.
Yanjinag is a main stream of Fenghuajiang; born of Sourtheastern piedmont of Xiujianshan of Siming mountain, passing through Tingxia to Gongtang, integrating the water from Kanglinxi rivulet and turning to the east, running through Xikou and Xiaozhen to the plain. From the vicinity of Jiangkou county, it accesses into Yinzhou district and reaches Nansanjiangkou through Yushan of Ningfeng township, Qianwang and Baofeng village. In which, the section from Jiangkou county to Xiawangdu is called as Huijiang, the next section between Xiawangdu and lkm from Nansanjiangkou is called as Furongjiang. The main rivuilets upstream of Yanjiang include senven rivulets that are Zuoxi, Qianzhangyan, lunxi,Kanglinxi, Yantouxi, Zhuangyuanaoxi, quanxi. The main stream before Nanshanjiangkou is 65.6 km long. The watershed area upstream of Xiaowangmiao is 445 km2. The Tingxia reservoir is built at upstream of it with the catchwater area of 176 km2. The Yanjiang section in the boundary of Yinzhou is 6km long. 78m average wide, 3m average deep and 0.47km2 water surface area. Both sides of the river are built with protective imbankment. Yanjiang is a tidal river, in dry penod; the salty tide can reach upward to Jiangkou county.
5' Xianjiang is born of the eastern piedmont of Jiufeng Mountain, passes through Dayan, Hengshan, Zhujiayan, Shangtianfan and Daqiao County to the north of Yuelinsi. From that point, one branch is running along the direction of West-North into Yanjiang at Xinqiaozha through Waipogan. The main stream reaches to Nijiagan, then is splitted into two branches, in which, one flows eastward to Xiwu and merges with Dongjiang, another flows northward through Nandu county into the water network of plain' at the end, accesses into Dongiiang from Huangzha of Fangqiaoshan. The river before Nanshanjiangkou is 69.5km long with watershed area of 219km2. Hengshan reservoir is built at the upstream of it with catchwater area of 150.8km2. The five main rivulets include Zhulinxi, Wanzhuxi,Tiaoshixi,Wangaoxi and Beijiexi.
(2) River network
The river networks densely distributed in the Yinzhou district are not only the important water resource facilities with many functions of flood discharge, fresh water storage, agricultural irrigation and navigation in all ages, but also the main sources of urban water supply and industrial water. The main water system in the district is Fenghuajiang water system and the inland river water system contains the Nantang river and Zhongtang river belonging to the Jinxi river network and Qiantang river of Jindong river network.
Nantang river is born of the Zhangxi rivulet in Siming mountain and from the split point at the upstream of Tashanyan, flows through Jinjiang county, Dongqiao, Hengzhang, Lishe and Shigan and accesses into Ningbo city by Nanshuimen. It is 24.5km long with the average width of 33.1m, average depth of 1.84m and total surface area of 0.81 km2. Nantang river section from Hengzhang is so near Fenghuaj iang that some portions indirectly connect Fenghuajiang by many gates. It is the main river course for introducing the water of Zhangxi into the Jinxi river network, flood discharge, irrigation and navigation. One of the branches of Nantang river is the Xinnantang river connecting eastward to Shigan county, with the length of 7km, average width of 21.58km and average depth of 1.5m, providing source of drinking water and agricultural irrigation water for local villages.
The upstream of Zhongtang river is Zhuangjiaxi rivulet born of the piedmont of Caowangang. The main stream of it is 17.5km long and with the average width of 25m and the average depth of 2.4m. Passing through Hengjie county, Jishigang, Maimianqiao and Wangchunqiao, the Zhongtang river connects with the Xitang river. It is 12km long, 24.7m average width and 2.68m average depth and with the water surface area of 0.3km2. It crosses the central part of Jinxi plain and is significant in terms of water diversion, water storage, irrigation and navigation. It is one of the main rivers for water diversion into Yongcheng.
As the upstream of Qiantang river, the Hengxi rivulet originates frorn the Jiuquling and Daochengling of Daochengao. The river merged with two sources flows northward to Daao, is divided~ into two branches at Huashiqiao, and converges at the streamhead of Hengxi river. Form Hengxi nveri it runs through Kongjiatan, Wangjiaao, Yunlong, Jiangcun, Sanqiao, Sigang and Baiheqiao and ends at Dashiganqiao. It has the total length of 18.5km, the average width of 29.26m. the max. depth of 4.Om and the average depth of 2.2m. The main branches through the district include Jiuqu river and Miaoyan river which introduce the flood into Fenghuajiang by Tongpen gate and Miaoyangan. It is the main course of the sourtheast of Yinzhou with functions of water diversion, irrigation and navigation. In additon, it is the main course tor providing the water source for the old urban area.
(3)Reservoir
52 (DBasic information of reservoirs Within the boundaries of Ningbo, many reservoirs has been built, For details refer to Table 3-1, Summary schedule of basic information about existing large&medium reservoirs. In which, the discharge flow from Hengshan and Tingxia reservoirs has been used as the source of Ningbo urban water supply by Hengshan reservoir water diversion project and Xiaozhen water diversion project. In the reservoirs above mentioned, the Jiaokou reservoir can be taken into account as the source for water supply.
Table 3-1 Summary schedule of basic information about the large&medium reservoirs in
Ningbo Normal Beneficia Total Rain reservoir I reservoir reservoir No . Name of . colection . capacity capacity Building Locatlon ~Name of River capacity (tn te upya reservoir area ( ten ( ten up year 2 (kmi ) ten3 thousands thousands3 thousandsm) i 3 )
I Ting xia Fenghua river and Yan 176 15024 10000 9820 1985.9 Fenghua river city Fenghua river and Xian 2 Heng shan 150.8 11180 7657 6370 1994.4 _ ~~~~~~~~~river Jin Fenghua river and Jin 3 Jiao kou 259 11981 7808 7564 1975.1 county river
4 Yuyao Si minghu Yao river and Liangnong 103.1 12354 7946 7439 1963.6 city______Zhenhai 5 district Shiziluxi Jiangbeichangying river 10.4 2300 2030 2030 1988.7
Beilun -6 district Xin luao Daganyan river 24 1610 1077 1077 1964.4
7 San xipu Tiantong rivulet 51 3310 2452 2450 1963 8 Heng xi Hengxi river 39.8 3460 2514 2500 1978.7 -9 Jin Dong Water system of 81 4929 3779 county gianhu Sourtheast of Yinzhou
Meixi0Mei rivulet of Dasong 40.01 2656 2044 2023 1998.12 _____ nriver Xiangshangangcangaoga 12.6 1065 25 ng Xiangs Upstream of 12 Xikou 13.5 1250 953 923- 1980.12 han Yuejingyang
13 county Da Datanggang of 134 4642 3138 1935 1975.12 tanggang Yuejingyang 14 Pingtan Xiashen rivulet 13.9 1060 740 715 Ninghai Yang 15 . Fu rivulet 176 1814 838 665 1960.12 i county meiling 6 Cheaogang Sanmenwan 14.5+I 1.51 1270 .1020 900 1956.10 53 17 Hu Huchengang 196 8172 6600 4200 1979.10 chengang 18 Huang tan Yang rivulet 114 1830 1150 1110 1994.12 19 Lubu Lubu rivulet of Yao river 54 2625 1830 1825 1983.12 Iuyao Lianghuida rivulet of 20 city Lianghui . 35.06 3077 2476 2460 1999.6
21 Shang Dongheng river 13 1822 1240 926 1960.12 linhu______22 Li shehu Donghe water system 20 2335 1673 1600 1973.12 Cixi city ulxi city ~ Dongshang river of 23 Mei hu 23 1817 1284 1240 1962.12 Heng river 24 Sizaopu Zhongxi reach 5.123 3051 3051 2477 1997.11 Total I_1761 104634 70444 66943 (2)Overview of Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou reservoirs
According to the current conditions of water resources and the overall planning of water resources of Ningbo city, the Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou reservoirs are considered to be the water source of the project.
Zhougongzhai Reservoir is situated in Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, 15km upstream of Jiaokou Reservoir. The dam site is on the north of Zhougongzhai Village, Zhangshui Town, Yinzhou District and is in Dajiao Stream in the upper reaches of Zhangxi River, a branch of Fenghua River in the valley of Yongjiang River. Its catchment area is 132km 2 with good vegetation, lush forest and high quality water in the valley. The total storage capacity of the reservoir is 112,000,000m 3 and it is a large scaled (2) water conservancy project that comprehensively utilizes water supply, flood control and power generation. Normal impounded level of the reservoir is 231.1 8m (height 3 above Yellow Sea, the same below) and corresponding storage capacity is 95,700,000m ; restrained water level in 3 typhoon flood season is 227.18m and corresponding storage capacity is 86,960,000m .
Zhougongzhai Reservoir project is scheduled to be completed in 2007. After its completion, it will form serially linked reservoirs with Jiaokou Reservoir in the lower reaches.
Jiaokou Reservoir is situated in Zhangshui Town, Yinzhou District, 30km from the downtown area of Ningbo City and it was built in 1975. It is a large scaled (2) water conservancy project that comprehensively utilizes water supply, flood control and power generation. Water catchment area between Zhougongzhai Reservoir 2 and Jiaokou Reservoir is 172km2 and Jiaokou Reservoir has a drainage area'of 259km with good vegetation, lush 3 forest and good quality water in the valley. Total storage capacity of the reservoir is 120,000,000m , normal 3 impounded level is 68.08m and corresponding storage capacity is 77,960,000m ; restrained water level in typhoon 3 flood season is 60.18m and corresponding storage capacity is 49,670,000m . Table 3-2 shows the main characteristic value of Jiaokou Reservoir.
Besides supplying water to Ningbo City urban (industrial) area, the two reservoirs need to undertake the task of irrigation and water supply for villages and towns in Yinxi Plain.
Table 3-2 Main characteristic value of Zhougongzhai Reservoir and Jiaokou Reservoir Zhougongzhai JiooReevr Tta Item Unit Reservoir Jiaokou Reservoir Total
1. Hydrology l
54 2 I. DrainageI~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ area km 132 259 259 2. Perennial average 100,000,000 14 .128 runoff 1, 0 1.49 2.81 2.81 I. Reservoir I. Reservoir water level Maximum flood level m 239.76 (P=0.05%) 79.04 (P=0.01 %) Normal water level m 231.18 68.08 Restrained water level in typhoon flood period m 227.18 60.08 Dead water level m 145.18 37.68 2. Reservoir volume Total storage capacity 10.000 m3 11180 11980 23160 3 Normal conservation 10,000 m 9570 7796 17366 storage capacity I______l_970_796 _736 Restrained storage capacity in typhoon flood 10,000 m3 8696 4967 13663 period Regulation storage 10,000 m3 9340 7549 16889 capacity ______Dead storage capacity 10,000 m3 230 247 477
3.1.6.2 Ground water
The total volumn of Ningbo's ground water resources is 1.793 billion cubic meters, in which 0.312 billion cubic mters is the volumn of shallow ground water. The supply conditions of ground water is different with the drainage conditions of it, for example, the annual total supply volumn of ground water in the plain is 0.574 billion cubic mters, in which 0.536 billion cubic meters is fresh water and the rest is brackish water. The main types of ground water include the pore water in the loosening rocks, fissured water from bedrock and mineral water etc.
Distributing on the Ningbo and Fenghua plains, the deep pore confined water aquifers can be divided into two layers, the depth of first aquifer'is 50- 70m with mainly containing brackish and saline water. There is a little fresh water body under the area from Sourth gate of old urban area to Buzhen of Jinxian. The depth of second aquifer is 70- 100m and deeper than lOOm. With the old urban area as the center, the fresh water body has the volumn of 158000 cubic meters. At present, the annual yield is 9.52 million cubic meters. The overexploitation resulted in the slow settlement of ground around the centers of Zhangbin bridge on the east of river in old urban area and Kongpu on the north of river during 1964- 1977. Afterward, some corftrol measures such as ground water exploitation according to the planning and increase of recharging have be carried out and achieved the local raise of the deep ground water level and decrease of the settlement speed. Now, the settlement of ground has been controlled basically. 3.1.7 Water development within the basin
The basin of Yong river is located on the sourth of Hangzhou bay and along the eastern coast of Zhejiang province. Both Yao river and Fenghua river are the sources of Yong river. After converge at Sanjiangkou of Ningbo, it is called as the Yong river. The upstream reach of the sourth source(Fenghua river) is Yan river which originates from the east piedmont of Xiujianshan of Siming mountain. Yan river converges with three branches, including Xian river/Dong river on its east and Jin rver on its north. at Sanjiangkou of Xiawangdu of Hengzhang.
55 Then it can be called as the Fenghua river. The Fenghua river before the Sanjiangkou of Ningbo is 93.1km long with the basin area of 2223km2. The north source, Yao river, originates from the Xiajialing on the north piedmont of Siming mountain of Yuyao county. The river before the Sanjiangkou of Ningbo is 107.4km long with the basin 2 area of 1934km .
Within the basin of Yong river, 13 large or medium reservoirs has been built since establishment of our country, in which there are 4 large reservoirs including the Tingxia, Hengshan and Jiaokou reservoirs within the Fenghua river basin and the Siminghu reservoir within the Yao river basin. The controlled area of mountain region is 689kmn. Yong river is with the length of 119km and the total fall of 750m. The river reach of mountainous stream at its upstream is 53km long which is 45% of the total river length. The water resources are centralized on the upstreams of branch courses. The hydropower development began since the earlier on 1970's. So far, 144 small scale hydropower stations has been built up with the total installed capacity of 51.4MW and the multi-yearly average power output of 0.107 billion kw.h.
The water resource of Fenghua river basin has 63MW theoretical reserve and can be used to develop the installed capacity of 50.6MW and multi-yearly average power output of 140.29 mnillion kwh. In which, 34.3MW has been developed and is 67.8% of the total installed capacity. The water resource of Yao river basin has 28MW theoretical reserve and can be used to develop the installed capacity of 9.1MW and multi-yearly average power output of 13.75 million kwh. In which, 6.5MW has been developed and is 71% of the total installed capacity. After hydropower development lasting several decades, the water resources within the Yong river basin has been developed to the extent over 75%.
In 1998, based on the previous "Comprehensive Planning of Yao River Basin", "Flood Control Planning of Yao River" and "Dam Line Planning of Main Streams of Yong River', Zhejiang Provincial Survey & Design Institute Of Water Conservancy & Hydropower performed the comprehensive planning of Yong river basin and prepared the "Comprehensive Planning Report of Yong River Basin". The reservoir projects proposed in the planning include Geao, Xujiangan, Luwang, Qixia and Zhougongzai reservoirs within the Fenghua river basin, and Shuangxikou, Xiao(or Zbongshan) reservoirs within Yao river basin. The Geao reservoir located on the upstream of Dong nver, Xujiangan reservoir on the upstream of Yan river, Luwang reservoir on the branche of Jin river and Qixia reservoir. on the moutain area of the western of Yinzhou are the comprehensively utilized reservoirs with the main functions of irrigation and water supply combining with the function of flood control. Shuangxikou reservoir on Dayin rivulet and Xiao (or Zhongshan) reservoir on Lubu rivulet aim at flood control. Meeting the requirements of water supply and flood control, the undeveloped larger scale water resource is only the Zhougongzhai reservoir located on the upstream of Jiaokou reservoir and Zhang rivulet of Jin river branches. 3.1.8 Water resource demonstration of Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou Reservoir Water Diversion Project 3.1.8.1 Basic situation of water resource in municipal area
The total water resource of Ningbo City is 7,036,000,000m3, the total population of the whole city in 2002 was 5,462,000 people, and water resource occupancy per capita was only 1,288m3, being 57% of national value per capita and 61% of provincial value per capita. Urban water supply region of Ningbo City includes six districts directly under the jurisdiction of the city and Fenghu River system in Fenghua Citv. The total area of water supply
56 region is 3,117km2 and total quantity of water resource is 2,599,OOO,000m3. Its total population in 2002 was 2.170,000 people and water resource occupancy per capita was only 1,198m3.
According to related data such as Ningbo City Medium- and Long-Term Water Supply and Demand Plan Report, mean annual precipitation of Ningbo City is 1,521mm, annual runoff depth is 789mm, annual rate of surface runoff is 6,724,000,000m3, total quantity of water resource is 7,036,000,000m3, and water resource occupancy per capita is only 1,315m3, being only 62% and 605 of provincial and national average levels respectively, far lower than the internationally recognized water utilization shortage line of 1,750m3 per capita. Due to impact of monsoon climate, annual distribution of precipitation and runoff are not uniform and precipitation in the drainage basin is mainly controlled by plum rain and typhoon. Annual precipitation is mainly in April to September and the precipitation in these six months is 70% of annual precipitation. At the same time, annual change of precipitation is relatively great, actual measured maximum annual precipitation is 2,045mm (Ningbo Station, 1947) and minimum annual precipitation is 905mm (Ningbo Station, 1967). The distribution of precipitation in the drainage basin and runoff space also is not uniform. It is great in relatively sparsely populated southwest and southeast mountainous region and small in the central plain and northeast coastal region where population and industries are relatively dense, descending from mountainous region to plain.
The nonuniformity of water resource spatiotemporal distribution and the contradiction between water resource spatial distribution and productivity geographic layout bring difficulty to the water resource development and utilization in Ningbo City and leads to contradiction between water resource supply and demand in Ningbo City. 3.1.8.2 Existing water resource facilities and water supply capability
Since 1949, Ningbo City has built a large number of water storage, diversion and water lifting projects including 4 large scaled reservoirs, 20 medium scaled reservoirs, 351 small scaled reservoirs and approximately 5,500 large and small diversion weirs and dams and the total built reservoir capacity is 961,000,000m3 .
See table 3-1 for existing large and medium sized reservoirs in the city and see table 3-3 for the constructed large.and medium sized reservoirs involved in this calculation.
Table 3-3 Situation of built large- and medium scaled reservoirs
Catchment Dam Total Normal Name of Location Cthearea heighta reservoir reservoir Nature Remarks reservoir (kM2) (m) capacity capacity (I 0,O Om) )(I0,OOOm ) ______Flood control, water supply, Lubu Lubu, Yuyao 55.5 33.6 2870 1830 irrigation and power Zhanglu generation Shizilu Hetou, 10.4 26 2336 2030 Water supply, irrigation and Zhenhai, Zhenhai flood control Jiangbei Lanshan Wantang, 3.23 8 1240 1000 Industrial special-purpose Zhenhai, Zhenhai water source Jiangbei Zhang Flood control, water supply, Wet Jiaokou Village, 259 67.4 11980 7796 irrigation and power Yinzhou Yinzhou generation Yinzhou Xikou. Flood control, water supply, Tingxia Fengua 176 . 76.5 15024 10000 irrigation and power Yinzhou generation 57 Louyan, 1 Flood control, water supply, Southeast Hengshar Fenghua 150.8 70.2 11180 7640 irrigation and power Yinzhou generation
Dongwu, Flood control, water supply, Southeast Sanxipu Yinzhou 51 24.9 3340 2450 irrigation and power Yinzhou generation
Hengxi, Rlood control, water supply, Southeast Hengxi Yinzhou 39.8 30.7 3975 2500 irrigation and power Ymzhou YInzhou generation Dongqian Dongqian Irrigation, water supply and Southeast Lake Lake, 79 4.2 4430 4430 tourism Yinzhou ______Yinzhou______Southeast Xinluao Daqi, Beilun 24 . 24 1610 1077 Irrigation and water supply Yinzhou Meixi Tangxi, 044 Flood control, irrigation and Meixi___ Yinzhou 40 2656 204 water supl Dasong
Note: Only the large- and medium-scaled reservoirs involved in this calculation is calculated.
According to calculation by "Ningbo City Tenth Five Year Plan and 2015 Planning Report for Water Resource Development and Utilization", if in the extremely dry season with factor of assurance P=90%, the 3 available water quantity for the present water source project in the city is 2,100,000,000m water shortage being 2,200,000,000m 3 According to prediction of national economic development, the total water demand of Ningbo 2 3 City in 2005 and 2015 will be ,560,000,000m3 and 2,930,000,000m respectively. Nevertheless the available 3 3 water quantity of present water source project is 2,270,000,000m and 2,490,000,000m . By then water shortage 3 will be 290,000,000m 3 and 440,000,000m respectively. In case of the extremely dry season with factor of assurance P=95%, water shortage will be more serious, reaching 610,000,000m3 and 880,000,000m3 respectively.
Ningbo City urban water supply area is divided by Yaojiang River, Fenghua River and Yongjiang River into relatively independent three areas: East Ningbo (Ningdong), West Ningbo (Ningxi) and North Ningbo (Ningbei). Agricultural water supply for the three areas forms a self organizing system and urban domestic and industrial water supply system has connected into a network. At present, the main supply water works in urban area are Jiangdong (350,000t/d), West Suburb (200,000t/d), Meilin (l00,OOOt/d), Cicheng (20,000t/d) and Beilun (150,OOOt/d) etc and the total designed water supply capability is 820,000t/d. Except Cicheng and Beilun water works take water from reservoirs, all other 650,000t/d water works take water from river network and water quality is difficult to be ensured.
The urban water supply area currently has three large scaled reservoirs including Jiaokou, Hengshan and Tingxi and six medium scaled reservoirs including Hengxi as well as 20 small scaled reservoirs, all of which have formed a water supply network with river network. The water supply projects presently under construction are Baixi Reservoir Water Diversion Project and Zhougongzhai Reservoir Project. 3.1.8.3 Demonstration of water catchment resource source
1) Basic hydrologic data
Actual measured flow data for the designed drainage basin is not available. In the drainage basin only Jiaokou Reservoir Hydrologic Station is provided. At present. Jiaokou Reservoir Station has accumulated over 20 years of data for reservoir inflow runoff. There are other hydrologic stations in nearby regions such as Xikou.
58 Xikou Station has accumulated 28 years of hydrographic observation data from 1956 to 1983, which includes water level, flow, water temperature, precipitation, and sediment concentration etc.
This drainage basin has relatively many precipitation stations. From 1950s to 1990s, 10 precipitation stations such as Jiaokou (Zhang Village), Lizhou, Zhangxi and Shangzhuang have been successively established in the lower and upper reaches of this drainage basin, of which Lizhou, Zhangxi, Hualongzhuang, Jiangjiashan and Zifeng stations are in the upper reaches of Zhougongzhai dam site. In addition, the data for Qixiangkeng, Dongao, Xiajialing and Huagaishan precipitation stations in adjacent drainage basin is also available. See table 3-4 for general situation of hydrometric stations. The data for the above stations has been compiled and examined by hydrologic department and its accuracy can meet the design need.
Table 3-4 List of hydrometric stations
Name of Name of Type of Time Catchment Elevation R river station station establishment area of station Remarks ______~~~~~~~~~~~(km2) Shanjiang Qixiakeng Precipitation 1963.1 200 River Shanjiang Dongao Precipitation 1955.6 476 River Beixi Lizhou Precipitation 1972.1 580
River Zhangxi Precipitation 1976.1 600 Zhangxi Hualongzhuang Precipitation 1991.1 690 Zhangxi Jiangjiashan Precipitation 1986.5 400 Zhangxi Zifeng Precipitation 1989.1 520 Siring Xiajialing Precipitation 1962.4 540
River Yantou Precipitation 1991.1 530 Zhangxi12 River Shangzhuang Precipitation 1976.1 120 Zhangxi River Xianiutang Precipitation 1991.1 330 Became Zhangxi Jiaokou Precipitation 1951.5 259 40 reservoirc
.______.station in 1974. Lubu River Huagaishan Precipitation 1958.5 280
River Zhongjiatan Water level 1983.1 20
River Xikou Hydrology | 1956.4 340 21 Sediment index
Measurement and calculation of characteristic value for drainage basin adopts 1/50,000 aerial topographic 2 map Version 1973. The measured catchment area in the upper stream of Yinjiang Town is 348.7km and river 2 length is 58.4km; catchment area in Jiaokou Reservoir dam site is 259km and river length is 43.35km; catchment area in Zhougongzhai Reservoir is 132km- and river length is 27.75km; catchment area from Zhougongzhai 2 Reservoir dam site to Jiaokou Reservoir dam site (Zhou-Jiao section) is 127km and river length is 25.4km; and
59 2 catchment area from Jiaokou Reservoir dam site to Yinjiang Bridge (Jiao-Yin section) is 89.7kM and river length is 15.9km.
2) Runoff analysis
(1) Runoff characteristic
The runoff in this drainage basin is mainly formed by precipitation and inter-year and intra-year change of runoff and precipitation is basically in synchronization. According to analysis, mean annual runoff depth in this drainage basin is 1,084mm, 1,462mm in the highest flow year (1981) and 420.4mm in the lowest flow year (1967), and the ratio of runoff in high and low flow years is 3.5. Inter-year water quantity is distributed month by month and usually appears as large, medium and small three peak form. Large peak occurs in September and its monthly runoff is 16.6% of annual runoff, main cause being typhoon rain; medium' peak is in June and its monthly runoff is 13.1 % of annual runoff, the cause usually being plum rain; small peak occurs in March and its monthly runoff is 9.0% of annual runoff, the cause being spring rain. Low flow period is mostly from November to next February and the total runoff amount in these four months is 14.9% of total annual amount. The lowest flow month is December and its monthly runoff is 2.9% of annual runoff.
(2) Calculation method
According to analysis of physical geography and hydrometeorological data inside and outside the drainage basin, calculation of the designed annual runoff adopts hydrologic analogy method. Index station selects Jiaokou Reservoir Station in the designed drainage basin. The 29 years of data of this station from 1974 to 2002 is utilized to establish the relation between precipitation and runoff and drainage basin precipitation and this relation are utilized to expand runoff series from 1956 to 1973. Then the parameters of drainage area and precipitation are used for correction to obtain the runoff series of sectional drainage basin.
(3) Calculation of precipitation amount in drainage basin
The precipitation stations selected for Zhougongzhai Reservoir drainage basin are the five stations of Dongao, Qixiakeng, Lizhou, Xiajialing and Zhangxi with relatively long field data series and the adopted series is 1956 to 2002. The rmissing measuring years of some stations are obtained by the correlation interpolation to the data of measuring stations with relatively long adjacent series. Through area weighted average method, mean annual precipitation of Zhougongzhai Reservoir is 1,840mm.
Eight precipitation stations are selected for Jiaokou Reservoir drainage basin. Besides the above five stations of Dongao, Qixiakeng, Lizhou, Xiajialing and Zhangxi with relatively long field data series, there are Shangzhuang, Huagaishan and Jiaokou stations. See table 3-5 for control drainage area weight coefficient of respective precipitation stations. Jiaokou Reservoir also adopted the series from 1956 to 2002 and-mean annual precipitation for the drainage basin is 1,781mm.
Table 3-5 Control drainage area weight coefficient of respective precipitation stations
Drainage section DongaolQixiakeng Lizhou Xiajialing Zhangxi Shangzhuang-HuagaishanlJiaokouJTotalI
Zhugongzhai 0.051 0.068 0.2871 0.049 0.545 Reservoir I l l I l l I
60 Jiaokou Reservoir 0.026 0.039 0.14 0.126 0.305 0.227 0.019 0.118 1 SectioJiaokon 0.167 0.055 0.467 0.048 0.263 1
(4) Designed annual runoff I
According to liaokou Reservoir long senes annual runoff (see table 3-6 for average flow of respective months in each successive year) and through difference correction for drainage basin catchment area and precipitation factors of Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou Reservoirs, the runoff series of Zhougongzhai Reservoir from 1956 to 2002 can be obtained (see table 3-7 for average flow of respective months in each successive year).
Table 3-6 Average flow of respective months in each successive year for Jiaokou Reservoir
(unit: m3/s) Annual Year an Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct ov Dec mean 1956 0.88 1.23 8.88 4.72. 15.95 18.94 3.04 22.92 1 47.57 4.60 1.93 0.55 10.91 1957 1.21 7.55 12.50 8.33 20.35 8.86 2.64 6.82 17.26 7.98 1.55 1.43 8.03 1958 1.14 3.89 9.30 9.06 23.82 3.09 1.22 13.42 25.03 11.50 1.11 0.45 8.61 1959 1.18 13.55 2.44 11.95 13.91 6.33 17.03 6.27 38.87 0.50 1.27 1.01 9.43 1960 2.94 0.91 12.34 12.01 2.83 11.01 1.89 37.36 18.60 1.27 0.71 0.91 8.58 1961 1.88 16.80 10.01 5.42 20.65 17.35 0.30 1.34 8.96 36.44 4.37 0.97 10.34 1962 0.94 0.58 1.29 9.08 3.69 24.52 15.57 25.27 43.83 12.12 2.03 1.01 11.66 1963 0.44 0.32 0.48 2.22 14.02 12.91 2.68 2.20 59.89 1.03 3.21 0.97 1 8.31 1964 6.64 5.63 11.07 11.01 10.82 8.45 4.38 3.25 0.42 14.61 1.61 0.59 6.56 1965 0.33 3.26 4.80 19.00 4.33 31.87 5.54 7.54 1.88 4.90 2.72 7.41 7.77 1966 7.08 5.59 10.42 18.46 3.78 3.72 19.10 1.41 12.86 1.05 2.25 3.63 7.44 1967 1.24 2.83 7.10 5.94 10.89 11.74 1.44 0.11 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.11 3.45 1968 0.17 0.90 3.20 3.39 13.91 13.11 26.78 1.46 0.51 1.15 0.23 2.49 5.65 1969 6.40 12.22 13.30 3.67 5.88 14.15 21.10 3.86 7.95 I.26 0.38 0.30 7.51 1970 0.98 2.22 21.81 5.73 14.68 34.24 5.93 0.42 10.41 3.63 3.50 4.07 8.97 1971 1.85 3.30 3.17 8.69 8.52 24.17 0.68 0.04 12.82 8.22 1.14 0.94 6.09 1972 1.42 16.53 4.55 3.54 7.47 6.90 1.45 28.23 2.93 1.96 5.12 5.89 7.14 1973 6.53 10.36 9.22 9.73 31.30 21.77 2.38 3.34 20.29 5.06 0 70 0.52 10.06 1974 1.66 7.64 5.85 2.53 7.91 4.87 5.27 26.30 1.94 11.90 12.30 12.40 842 1975 4.76 ! 12.20 6.42 8.40 7.93 11.20 9.00 16.80 13.50 20.80 8.67 7.13 10.56 1976 1 43 1.72 11.60 10.60 6.31 29.40 10.30 1.37 5.50 6.40 6.14 3.36 7.82 1977 10.30 8.81 2.56 9.77 11.40 17.90 7.45 31.20 35.20 3.09 1.17 2.34 11.74 1978 4 47 6.74 5.98 7.63 7.29 7.55 12.10 11.10 14.10 2.31 0.81 0.52 6.71 1979 1.21 1.81 6.08 7.30 7.40 0.64 2.80 52.90 11.70 0.94 j 161 1.37 8.06 1980 2.13 5.63 13.80 9.23 17.20 5.97 5.85 1540 2.99 3.65 1.05 0.51 6.98 1981 087 4.02 14.80 9.71 2.38 5.05 7.37 9.01 59.70 8.10 21 70 204 12.00 1982 1.04 6.15 13.30 5.52 14.68 8 24.80 . 23.20 3.17 0.83 6.14 2.81 8.36 1983. 3.10 1 58 6.12 12.40 8.19 28.90 2 I1.00 _0-942.48 27.70 1420 1 0.55 10.60 1984 289 1360 11.40 9.70 6.53 38.60 6.02 23.00 6 07 6.76 -2.83_ 2.62 110.78 1985 5721 11.40 17.00 3.19 1.10 3.21 11.40 22.10 21.90 11.30 3.44 1 2.67 9.54 1986 1.00 1.60 6.26 12.70 4.51 5.33 3.74 8.19 24.10 6 00 1 7.67 i 1 36 16.8 987 2252 194 12.90 12.30 5.29 1 9.42 26.80 920 30.30 2.19 641 172 1_ 100 1988 146 9.71 117.30 5.35 427 25.00 15.60 1720 10.50 1.01 0.28 0 16 897 1989 167 2.29 | 4.24 11.80 16.80 |5.94 14.60 36.00 36.70 2.21 1 li 1.33 11.27 1990 537 1350 1 466 4.35 429 16.10 6.51 33.10 37.20 3.75 I 10.10 12.00 1167 1491 6 35 ! 4.84 1 8.09 14.10 8.12 7.29 4.57 9.37 10.70 5.68 0 22 1 0 38 1 6 64 61 992 2.84 2.75 20.30 4.82 7.33 12.10 10.90 39.00 33.30 1.52 0.57 1.39 11.43 1993 4.18 2.71 7.40 4.91 7.28 12.70 22.00 17.20 6.78 8.24 4.63 3.96 8.56 1994 2.85 10.90 5.88 7.80 3.04 37.30 1.45 13.70 4.02 12:80 1.79 17.00 9.84 1995 6:85 3.17 13.00 17.60 13.30 17.20 9.95 9.18 3.54 3.61 0.94 0.36 8.25 1996 2.52 2.45 18.83 9.42 1.68 5.68 8.60 11.04 3.05 6.66 6.82 2.22 6.61 1997 1.89 6.32 5.64 7.54 3.71 3.72 35.61 31.11 3.95 0.77 12.15 11.01 10.36 1998 21.13 11.39 16.34 8.36 7.16 9.77 7.23 2.32 23.87 6.09 0.47 1.55 9.61 1999 2.21 2.39 19.38 10.73 9.09 25.63 15.88 17.00 14.88 9.49 1.07 1.08 10.78 2000 4.86 5.20 10.00 1.77 1.03 11.20 8.54 18.00 34.80 12.50 15.50 3.36 10.50 2001 5.79 9.47 2.69 1.13 4.98 22.90 4.80 5.79 16.50 6.15 1.70 10.30 7.65 2002 4.57 1.86 9.58 16.1 10.9 5.15 26.2 13.4 19.1 2.48 7.06 12.9 11.00 Mean 3.42 5.99 9.43 8.56 9.10 14.19 10.20 14.70 18.02 6.36 3.81 3.06 8.90
62 Table 3-7 Average flow of respective months in each successive year for Zhougongzhai
3 Reservoir (unit: m /S) __ _ Annual Year Jn Fb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec ma
1956 0.47 0.65 4.71 2.5 8.45 10.04 1.61 12.15 25.21 2.44 1.02 0.29 5.78
1957 0.64 4.00 6.62 4.41 10.79 4.7 1.4 3.62 9.15 4.23 0.82 0.76 4.26
-1958 ,0.6 2.06 ,4.93 4.8 12.62 1.64 0.65 7.11i 13.26 6.1 0.59 0.24 4.57 1959 0.62 7.18 1.29 6.33 7.37 3.35 9.02 3.32 20.6 0.26 0.67 0.53 5.00 1960 1.56 0.48 6.54 6.36 1.5 5.83 1.00 19.8 9.86 0.67 0.38 0.48 4.55 1961 1.00 8.9 5.3 2.87 10.95 9.2 [0.16 0.71 4.75 19.31 2.32 0.52 5.48 1962 0.5 0.3 0.68 4.81 1.96 1 3 8.25 13.39 23.23 6.42 1.08 0.53 6.18 1963 0.23 0.17 0.25 1.18 7.43 6.84 1.42 1.16 31.74 0.54 1.7 0.51 4.4 1964 3.52 2.99 5.87 5.84 5.73 4.48 2.32 1.72 0.22 7.74 0.85 0.31 3.48 1965 0.17 1.73 2.55 110.07 2.29 116.89 2.94 3.99 1 2.6 1.44 3.93 4.12 -1966 3.75 2.96 5.52 9.78 2 1.97 10.12 0.75 6.82 0.56 1.19 1.92 3.94 -1967 0.65 1.5 3.76 3.15 5.77 6.22 0.76 0.06 0 0 0.02 0.06 1.83 1968 0.09 0.48 1.7 1.8 7.37 6.95 14.2 0.77 0.27 0.61 0.12 1.32 2.99 1969 3.39 6.48 7.05 1.94 3.12 7.5 11.18 2.05 4.21 0.67 0.2 0.16 3.98 1970 0.52 1.17 11.56 3.04 7.78 18.15 3.14 0.22 5.52 1.93 1.85 2.16 4.76 1971 0.98 1.75 1.68 4.61 4.52 12.81 0.36 0.02 6.79 4.36 0.6 0.5 3.23 1972 0.75 8.76 2.41 1.88 3.96 3.65 0.77 14.96 1.56 1.04 2.71 3.12 3.79 1973 3.46 5.49 4.88 5.16 16.59 11.54 1.26 1.77 10.76 2.68 0.37 0.28 5.33 1974 0.88 4.05 3.1 1.34 4.19 2.58 2.79 13.94 1.03 6.31 6.52 6.57 4.46_ 1975 2.52 6.47 3.4 4.45 4.2 5.94 4.77 8.9 7.16 111.02 4.6 3.78 5.59 1976 0.76 0.91 6.15 5.62 3.34 15.58 5.46 0.73 2.92 3.39 3.25 1.78 4.15 1977 5.46 4.67 1.36 5.18 6.04 9.49 3.95 16.54 18.66 1.64 0.62 1.24 6.22 1978 2.37 3.57 3.17 4.04 3.86 4 6.41 5.88 7.47 1.22 0.43 0.28 3.56 1979 0.64 0.96 3.22 3.87 3.92 0.34 1.48 28.04 6.2 0.5 0.85 0.73 4.27 1980 1.13 2.98 7.31 4.89 9.12 3.16 3.1 8.16 1.58 1.93 0.56 0.27 3.7 1981 0.46 2.13 7.84 5.15 1.26 2.68 3.91 4.78 31.64 4.29 11.5 1.08 6.36 1982 0.55 3.26 .7.05 2.93 2.48 4.28 13.14 12.3 1.68 0.44 3.25 1.49 4.43 1983 1.~64 0.84 3.24 -6.57 4.34 15.32 11.13 1.31 14.68 7.53 0.5 0.29 5.62 1984 1.53 7.21 6.04 5.14 3.46 20.46 3.19 12.19 3.22 3.58 ,1.5 1.39 5.71 1985 3.03 6.04 9.01 1.69 0.58 1.7 6.04 1.1.71 11.61 5.99 1.82 1.42 5.06 1986 0.53 0.85 3.32 6.73 2.39 2.82 1.98 4.34 12.77 3.18 4.07 0.72 3.63 1987 1.34 1.03 6.84 6.52 2.8 4.99 14.2 4.88 16.06 1.16 3.4 0.91 5.35 1988 0.77 5.15 9.17 2.84 2.26 13.25 8.27 9.12 5.57 0.54 0.15 0.08 4.75 1989 0.89 1.21 2.25 6.25 8.9 3.15 7.74 19.08 19.45. 1.17 0.59 0.7 5 97 .1990 2.85 7.16 2.47 2.31 2.27 8.53 3.45 17.54 19.7.2 1.99 5.35 1.06 6.19
1991 3.37 2.57 4.29 7.47 4.3 3.86 .2.42 4.97 5.67 3.01 0.12 0.2 3.52 1992 }1.51 1 46 10.76 2.55 3.88 6.41 5.78 20.67 17.65 0.81 0.3 0.74 6.06 1993 2.22 1.44 3 92 2.6 3.86 6.73 11.66 9.12 3.59 4.37 2.45 2.1 4.54 1994 1.51 5.78 3.12 4.13 1.61 19.77 0.77 7.26 2.13 6.7 8 0.95 9.01 5.21 1995 I3.63 1.68 6.89 9.33 7.05 9 12 5.27 4.87 1.88 1.91 0.5 0.19 4.37 1996 1 33 1.3 998 4.99 0.89 3.01 4.56 5.85 1.62 3.53 3.61 1.17 3.5 1997 I 3.35 2 99 3.99 1.97 1.97 18.87 16.49 2.09 0.1 6.44 5.83 5 49 1998 11.2 6.04 8.66 4.43 3.79 5 18 3.83 1.23 12.65 3.23 0.25- 0.82 5.1
1999 1.~17 1.27 10.27 5.69 4.82 13.58 8.42 901 7.89 5.03 0.57 0.57 5 71 2000 2.5 2.67 5.14 0.91 0.53 5 76 4 39 9 26 17.8 63 7.97 1.73 5.41 2001 3.07 I5.02 1.43 0.60 2.64 12I.14 254 3.07 8.75 3.26 0.90 5.46 4.05
2002 2 42 1099 5.08 8 53 5.78 1.73 13.89 J7.10 10.12- 1.31 3.74 -6.84 5.83 Meanj 1.81 13 17 4.99 4:50 4.82 7.52 5 40 7 79 9 54 3 36 2.01 1.~62 4 71 Mean annual runoff characteristic value of Jiaokou Reservoir is:
Mean annual precipitation 1,781.0mm
Mean annual runoff depth 1,084.4mm
Mean annual runoff coefficient 0.609
Mean annual runoff amount 8.90m3 /s
Mean annual total runoff amount 281,000,000m3
Mean annual runoff characteristic value of Zhougongzhai Reservoir is:
Mean annual precipitation 1,840.0mm
Mean annual runoff coefficient 0.612
Mean annual runoff amount 4.71 m3/s
Mean annual total runoff amount 148,600,000rn3
Frequency analysis is conducted for runoff series from 1956 to 2002. Zhougongzhai Reservoir adopts curve-fitting mean 4.71 m3 /s, Cv=0.28, Cs=2.OCv and respective frequency design annual runoff achievements are shown in table 3-8; Jiaokou Reservoir adopts curve-fitting mean 8.9m 3/s, Cv=0.28, Cs=2.OCv and respective frequency design annual runoff achievements are shown in table 3-9.
Table 3-8 Design annual runoff achievements of Zhougongzhai Reservoir Frequency 1 2 5 10 20 50 80 90 95 Remarks
Design annual3 ______Data series is rn (ignanna 8.31 7.80 7.07 6.46 5.77 4.59 3.58 3.12 2.77 tos2002
Curve-fitting Mean value 4.71m3/s, Cv=0.28, Cs=2Cv parameter ,_ ,
Table 3-9 Design annual runoff achievements of Jiaokou Reservoir Frequency 1 2 5 10 20 50 80 90 95 Remarks
Design annual ~1Daia sen-es is runoff (m3/s) 15.7 14.7 13.4 12.2 10.9 8.67 6.76| 5.89 5.23 1956 to 2002 Curve-fitting Mean value 8.9m3 /s, Cv=0.28, Cs=2Cv parameter 3.1.8.4 Water supply capability analysis of Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou Reservoirs
1) Designed level year and designed factor of assurance
(1) Designed level year
Considering the conformance to the five year plan and ten year planning for socioeconomic development, the designed level year adopts the year 2020.
(2) Designed factor of assurance
64 According to the requirement of regulations and specifications and the specific situation of this drainage basin, the designed factor of assurance of irrigation water supply is determined as follows:
The designed factor of assurance of irrigation water supply for farmland in Yinxi Plain is 85%;
The designed factor of assurance of urban and rural domestic water utilization in Ninbo City central urban area and West Yinzhou is 95%.
2) Water supply method
Water for Yinxi Plain farmland irrigation and animal husbandry is taken from Yinxi Plain river network and when river network can not meet the need of water utilization, the reservoir discharges water for supplementation.
3) Water quantity balance of Yinxi Plain river network
(1) Basic data of Yinxi Plain river network
Analysis and statistics are performed according to "Comprehensive planning report of Yongjiang River Drainage Basin", "Yin County Water Conservancy Annals" and "Ningbo City Medium- and Long-Term Water Supply and Demand Plan Report" etc, and classified control area of Yinxi Plain is shown in table 3-10.
Table 3-10 Classified control area of Yinxi Plain Classification Area (kM2) I. Mountainous region 476 I. The upper reaches of Zhougozhai dam site 132 2. Zhougongzhai-Jiaokou Section 127 3. The lower reaches of Xixia dam site 29.9 4. Non-reservoir mountainous region 187.1 II. Plain 251 1. Ningfeng area 19.3 2. Waijiang surface 5 3. Yinxi river network plain 226.7
Yinxi Plain river network area is 226.7km2, of which farmdand area is 1 10.3km2, river network water surface area is 19km2 , and non-agricultural land area is 97.4km2. With development of town and traffic construction, farmland area will decrease year after year and non-agricultural land will increase continuously. According to prediotion of planning development, farmland area in 2020 will be 88.7km2 , river network water surface area be 19km 2 and non-agncultural land be 119km'.
Yinxi Plain river network high water level is 3.53m with corresponding volume of 16,960,000m& and low water level is 2.83m with corresponding volume of 10,020,000m3 and water adjustment storage-volume of 6.940,000m'.
(2) Prediction of water demand
[I ] Agricultural imgation water
Crop in minxi Plain is mainly double cropping rice and rice irrigation quota calculation uses the water need coefficient (a) method with evaporation as parameter to calculate day-after-day balance between water and water
65 consumption. Irrigation practice adopts shallow water wetting irrigation and daily soil leakage quantity is Irmm/d. See table 3-11 for irrigation parameters of respective growing periods of continuous cropping rice. Precipitation and evaporation data adopts the field data of Yaojiang River Dazha Station and calculation series is 1963 to 2002, 40 years in total. See table 3-12 and 3-13 for year-after-year statistics of continuous crops water consumption and Irrigation quota.
Yinxi Plain has 103.8km2 paddy field (155,700mu) and 6.5km 2 dry land (9,750mu) in 2001. With development of town and traffic construction, farmland area will decrease year after year. According to prediction of planning development, the paddy field in 2020 will 83.8kM2 (124,950mu) and dry land be 5.4km2 (8,100Mu). Dry land area is relatively small and water demand is in a small proportion. Therefore reduction coefficient is used for simple calculation and 2mu dry land amounts to I mu paddy land. Mean annual irrigation water demand in 2020 will be 47,320,000m 3 .
Table 3-11 Irrigation parameter of respective growing periods for continuous cropping paddy rice Designed water level depth (mm) Dvaporaoays ir growin Growing period ^oefficien period Remarks ower lim pper li. Post-rain upper limi a value (day)
1 Steeping field 10 30 60 1.00 10 2 Transplantation and regreening 10 30 40 1.00 10 3 Tillering prophase 10 30 40 1.15 20 4 Tillering anaphase -20 0 0 1.30 7 -Early Botn 5 fice Booting 10 30 50 1.40 15 6 Heading and flowering 10 30 50 1.35 10 - 1.IrrigationI~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~___ 7 Milky ripeness 10 20 30 1.20 12 Start time is 8 Yellow ripeness 0 20 30 1.10 10 April 18 2. Evaporation 9 Harvesting and soil turn-up 20 40 70 1.00 coefficient a in 10 Transplantation and iegreening 20 40 50 1.00 10 the table is based on 11 Tillering prophase 10 30 40 1.15 18 f 80cm 12 Tillering anaphase -20 0 0 1.35 5 evaporating dish. 13 Late Booting 20 40 60 1.40 22 14 rice Heading and flowering 20 40 60 1.35 10 15 Milky ipeness 0 20 30 1.20 - 20 16 Yellow ripeness prophase -20 10 20 1.05i 10 17 | Yellow ripeness anaphase No irrigation 10 Full growing period | | 203
66 Table 3-12 Water consumption of crops in Yinxi plain (Unit: m3/mu) Year/month I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 _1 12 Total 1963 o.0o 000 0.00 30.01 112.32 122.46 160.08 143.40 103.79 73.50 0.00 0.00 745.56 1964 0.00 0.00 0.00 28.01 94.71 107.72 172.69 148.94 132.53 56.03 0.00 0.00 740.63 1965 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.14 111.99 111.12 174.82 138.14 116.79 61.83 0.00 0.00 733.83 1966 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.68 106.59 130.40 166.02 151.94 140.54 77.17 0.00 0.00 796.34 1967 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.88 71.37 115.12 139.60 188.83 163.01 83.04 0.00 0.00 779.85 1968 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.35 86.71 107.39 132.33 148.47 152.88 82.91 0.00 0.00 741.04 1969 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.41 112.12 113.06 138.74 141.07 111.19 77.57 0.00 0.00 714.16 1970 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.35 88.98 92.65 129.86 147.81 103.18 55.23 0.00 0.00 649.06 1971 0.00 0.00 0.00 28.35 89.11 126.06 189.23 159.21 85.11 58.70 0.00 0.00 735.77 1972 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.75 95.05 111.32 140.87 123.13 109.85 68.57 0.00 0.00 673.54 1973 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.55 74.84 114.12 132.60 151.14 76.70 66.37 0.00 0.00 648.32 1974 0.00 0.00 0.00 33.02 106.32 129.66 121.66 138.47 107.19 60.43 0.00 0.00 696.75 1975 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.21 88.31 102.52 149.01 130.33 136.87 56.63 0.00 0.00 687.88 1976 0.00 0.00 0.00 28.75 90.31 76.44 123.33 157.81 101.58 66.30 0.00 0.00 644.52 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 27.68 72.10 95.45 153.01 108 45 102.72 67.37 0.00 0.00 626.78 1978 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.55 92.91 110.72 157.08 140.27 108.05 74.17 0.00 0.00 708.75 1979 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.61 104.45 129.40 143.74 134.80 114.12 89.24 0.00 0.00 740.36 1980 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.88 83.78 98.72 108.39 71.37 106.45 69.97 0.00 0.00 559.56 1981 0.00 0.00 0.00 29.81 110.66 125.26 144.47 118.59 87.51 59.16 0.00 0.00 675.46 1982 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.48 97.58 86.18 77.31 106 45 102.38 83.17 0.00 0.00 572.55 1983 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.28 80.97 69.10 --110.32 136.94 107.99 56.16 0.00 0.00 586.76 1984 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.81 86.58 89.98 128.66 129.60 105.92 67.10 0.00 0.00 631.65 1985 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.95 88.38 103.32 147.67 113.06 112.19 67.23 0.00 0.00 662.80 1986 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.01 104.65 85.44 122.86 121.06 113.12 66.17 0.00 0.00 634.31 1987 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.35 88.11 99.58 94.71 133.00 117.66 68.37 0.00 0.00 626.78 1988 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.74 80.91 103.45 152.88 105.99 95.78 79.37 0.00 0.00 641.12 1989 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.01 75.37 110.92 99.85 104.25 90.91 81.64 0.00 0.00 582.95 1990 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.41 85.91 112.52 156.08 113.92 83.11 67.57 0.00 0.00 644.52 1991 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.68 86.64 75.17 124.80 116.93 101.92 78.77 0.00 0.00 601 91 1992 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.74 93.85 92.78 104.19 84.58 87.11 69.77 0.00 0.00 555.02 1993 0.00 0.00 0:00 23.68 65.57 89.84 85.38 99.58 99.45 63.90 0.00 0.00 527.40 1994 000 0.00 0.00 19.01 94.98 80.17 141.20 109.19 111.99 62.90 0.00 0.00 619.44 1995 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.68 71.97 56.96 118.46 135.47 102.92 56.09 0.00 0.00 560.55 1996 j 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.21 82.11 83.91 99.25 106.12 106.52 59.23 0.00 0.00 559.35 1997 000 0.0oo 0.00 22.08 99.32 90.91 87.98 8478 96.45 61.63 u.o00 0.00 543.15 1998 o.o0 000 0.00 23.08 74.90 68.90 113.39 119.59 87.98 60.10 0.00 0.00 54794 1999 40001 0.00 0.00 22.88 99.32 90.91 87.98 84.78 96.45 63.16 0.00 0.00 545.48 2000 0000 0.00 0.00 25.07 98.20 92.67 133.81 95.94 85.20 49.94 0.00 0.00 580.83 20(01 0.000.00 0.00 21.33 80.74 77.00 154.94 104.07 87.87 65.94 0.00 0.00o 591.89 20021 0.00 000 0 00 18.40 63.54 116.94 102.87 96.67 96.54 65.07 0.00 0.00 560.03 Average 0.00 .o0 0.o00 24.82 89.81 99.91 | 130.55 123.60 106.24 6744 |.oo | o
67? 3 Table 3-13 Irrigation quota of Yinxi Plain (Unit: m /mu) -I 12 Total Year/month 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 .10 51.76 49.82 0.00 0.00 424.67 1963 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.54 38.62 68.17 125.26 72.50 8.87 0.00 0.00 454.03 1964 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.08 29.35 67.23 132.53 102.92 91.05 20.41 0.00 0.00 507.52 1965 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.81 73.90 54.03 131.87 95.71 110.79 58.76 0.00 0.00 567.75 1966 0.00 0.00 000 25.88 70.64 93.51 102.85 128.33 87.78 52.76 0.00 0.00 572.10 1967 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.48 14.01 75.84 115.19 163.62 131.20 59.96 0.00 0.00 498.32 1968 0.00 0.00 0.00 28.08 43.56 69.50 100.12 111.32 85.78 62.50 0.00 0.00 446.81 1969 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.08 34.88 68.63 102.98 101.65 56.09 15.14 0.00 0.00 364.58 1970 0.00 0.00 0.00 27.81 14.74 60.50 83.71 114.19 48.49 29.28 0.00 0.00 523.53 1971 0.00 0.00 0.00 38.42 42.82 64.23 175.82 155.28 17.68 24.35 0.00 0.00 373.39 1972 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.01 27.95 63.43 104.32 77.44 55.89 17.28 0.00 0,00 315.09 1973 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.01 0.00 66.83 75.84 117.59 15.54 14.81 0.00 0.00 405.74 1974 0.00 000 0.00 25.35 26.75 88.31 76.04 93.31 81.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 319.08 1975 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.94 10.87 76.17 99.18 71.17 41.75 10.34 0.00 0.00 348.04 1976 0.00 0.00 000 21.74 25.68 28.15 92 45 134.53 35.15 38.15 0.00 0.00 337.90 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.08 0.00 43.42 120.93 65.03 48.29 0.00 0.00 479.31 1978 0.00 000 0.00 17.88 37.02 79.71 144.21 108.85 48.62 43.02 76.37 0.00 0.00 471.83 1979 0.00 0.00 0.00 27.48 57.76 97.45 70.97 87.71 54.09 0.00 0.00 272 14 1980 0.00 0.00 0.00 19 21 13.34 37.35 64.77 30.55 76.17 30.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 324.63 1981 0.00 0.00 0.00 38.22 49.76 84.84 74.84 49.62 27.35 53.16 0.00 0.00 291.29 1982 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.68 45.76 45.76 17.68 59.16 49.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 310.82 1983 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.35 37.09 30.08 74.30 113.12 32.88 0.00 0.00 288.73 1984 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.28 21.94 26.21 62.63 82.71 42.75 29.21 0.00 0.00 375.78 1985 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.48 I 42.95 71.04 81.77 57.83 58.50 27.21 34.08 0.00 0.00 321.63 1986 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.34 55.63 41.69 67.37 83.71 19.81 38.29 0.00 0.00 316.42 1987 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.34 27.88 59.16 14.74 78.17 78 84 0.00 0.00 356.31 1988 0.00 0.00 0.00 26.28 17.94 50.29 107.92 56.56 37.69 59.63 0.00 0.00 263.59 1989 0.00 0.00 0.0c 21.14 0.00 79.17 58.03 41.15 6.67 57.43 32.42 0.00 0.00 322.83 1990 0.00 0.00 0 00 22.21 24.68 59.36 105.52 45.89 32.75 0 00 0.00 355.72 1991 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.15 19.08 45.82 102.12 69.63 45.36 49.56 0.00 0.00 331.56 1992 0.00 0.00 0.00 27.55 30.68 68.03 75.44 46.89 28.68 54.29 0.00 0.00 241.32 1993 O.00 0.00 0.00 32.08 0.00 31.15 37.15 63.70 58.63 18.61 24.35 0.00 0.00 423.54 1994 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.74 .59.23 30.88 142.87 56.49 91 98 14.21 0.00 0.00 370.19 1995 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.67 8 94 27.08 109.19 121.86 .75.24 14.81 0.00 0.00 363.66 1996 0.00 0.00 000 27.68 52.63 45.89 67.30 67.97 87.38 18.28 0.00 0.00 30209 1997 0.00 0.00 0.00 2948 4642 72.64 5563 35.95 43.69 25.35 0.00 0.00 272.15 1998 000 0.00 0.00 23.55 17,61 4796 44.09 81.71 31.88 11.67 0.00 0.00 222.97 1999 0.00 0.00 000 20.88 47.69 30.08 4949 34 15 29.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 307.08 2000 0.00 000 000 3095 74.62 24.14 8961 4581 4195 000 000 325.57 20()1 000) 1 000 1 000 g 20.84 31.25 19.37 10962 57.93 57.58 28.98 34.68 0.00 0 305.45 2002 00 0000 00 1 13.21 13.60 97.57 56.22 44.21 45.96 0 00) 36688 Average ooU o 0 o00 237'2 3218 57.27 8806 8065 54.0' 30.97 0.00
[2] Waer for animal husbandrv
68 In 2020, water use quota for pig, cattle and sheep is 30, 60 and 15 IVhead d and water consumption for animal husbandry is 1,210,0000m 3 /y.
[3] Water for others
Other water consumption mainly considers water consumption for nautical navigation ship lock and environment water utilization in the lower reaches. Based on 40,OOOm3/d, water consumption is 14,610,000m3/y.
(3) River network water quantity balance calculation
When river network water quantity balance is calculated, with no view of the incoming flow from mountainous region in the upper reaches of Jiaokou Reservoir and Xixia Reservoir, water yield of river network is composed of non-reservoir runoff and return water in plain and mountainous regions.
Calculation principle of Yinxi Plain river network water quantity balahce is: when river network water level is higher than low level, water is supplied by river network; when river network water level is lower than low level, Jiaokou Reservoir discharges water for supplementation; when river network water level is higher than high level, river network abandons water.
Water quantity balance calculation series is from 1963 to 2002, a 40-year day-by-day process. See table 3-14 and 3-15 for balance result of Yinxi Plain river network water quantity and water deficit result of Yinxi Plain.
3 Table 3-14 Yinxi Plain river network water quantity balance result (Unit: IO OOOm ) Iigation Actual Water demand Water supply Other Other Incoming Water water i Water Water Eoy Year flow loss demand irigation for animal for anima water water abandonment deficit volume quantity husbandry I husbandry demand supply
1963 31441 945 5478 4156 120 115 1460 1392 24736 1395 1696 1964 22782 948 5857 . 3456 121 112 1464 1363 16939 2511 1660 1965 29583 945 6547 4996 120 114 1460 1407 22085 1611 1696 1966 28836 945 7323 ,4814 120 104 1460 1311 21663 2676 1696 1967 13227 945 7380 2586 120 83 1460 1032 9288 5259 989 1968 20457 948 6428 3898 121 90 1464 1163 13736 2863 1612 1969 27072 945 5764 4736 120 105 1460 1317 20579 1186 1002 1970 31780 945 4703 3270 120 110 1460 1379 25381 1524 1696 1971 24410 945 6753 2789 120 106 1460 1302 19267 . 4136 1696 1972 25486 948 4817 4233 121 119 1464 1446 18740 603 1696 1973 37668 945 4065 3666 120 120 1460 1460 31586 399 1586 1183 1696 1974 30698 945 5234 4100 120 116 1460 1416 -24011 1696 1975 36797 945 4116 3773 120 120 1460 1460 30498 343 1696 i9761 29489 948 4490 1 2803 121 119 1464 1447 24172 1705 19771 40917 945 4358 j 4152 120 120 1460 I 1460 34239 206 1696 1978! 23058 945 6182 4752 120 118 1460 1446 1616J 1447 1328 19791 26353 945 6087 4150 120 109 1460 1341 19640 2068 1497 1980 27360 1 948 3510 3481 121 120 1464 1462 21229 32 1617 1690 1981 396521 945 4188 4107 120 120 1460 1460 32940 80 _12 22 _ '~2853120 1459 41 1696 1982 28533 945 3758 3718 120 120 1460 1459 22291 1983139629 945 4009 2664 120 116 1460 1422 345311 1388 164 34014 0 169 19841' 40320 948 13724 3724 121 121 1464 1464 i1693 19851 33847 945 4847 ! 4433 1 120 119 1460 1451 ! 26901 425 69 19861 26147 945 4149 L3538 120 118 1460 1432 20137 642 1669 1987 36814 945 4082 3977 120 120 1460 1460 30294 105 1688 1988 32095 948 4596 4218 121 101 1464 1232 26275 629 1008 1989 40520 945 3400 3400 I 120 120 1460 1457 34053 3 1553 1990 40294 945 4165 3646 120 117 1460 1428 34014 554 1696 1991 24096 945 4589 4132 120 119 1460 1451 18084 467 1061 1992 40446 948 4277 3476 121 117 1464 1430 34208 838 1327 1993 32506 945 3113 2891 120 120 1460 1455 26728 227 1695 1994 35594 945 5463 4458 j 120 117 1460 1443 28630 1026 1696 1995 29852 945 4775 3295 120 114 1460 1386 24245 1561 1563 1996 23815 948 4691 4512 121 120 1464 1458 16667 185 1672 1997 37699 945 3896 3407 120 118 1460 1432 31773 519 1696 1998 34487 945 3510 3510 120 120 1460 1460 28451 0 ,1696 1999 38211 945 2876 2876 120 120 1460 1460 32809 0 1696 2000 37732 948 3961 3383 121 117 1464 1426 31858 620 1696 2001 28915 945 4200 4035 120 120 1460 1460 22354 165 1696 2002 38674 945 3940 3566 120 119 1460 1451 32592 384 1696 sW-k- 31682 946 4732 3769 121 115 1461 1405 25445 1025
Table 3-15 Water deficit of Yinxi Plain river network (Unit: 10,000m) Year Jan IFeb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total 1963 0 0 0 0 0 91 717 500 87 0 0 0 1395 1964 0 0 0 0 , 0 0 1008 313 1091 99 0 0 2511 1965 0 0 0 0 0 0 438 405 768 0 0 0 1611 1966 0 0 0 0 0 239 380 1031 304 678 44 0 2676 1967 0 0 0 0 0 315 628 2097 1269 792 53 105 5259 1968 114 14 0 0 0 99 446 1026 430 602 123 9 2863 1969 0 0 0 0 0 0 448 260 281 70 44 83 1186 1970 45 0 0 0 0 0 241 1157 81 0 0 0 1524 1971 0 0 0 0 241 0 1630 2024 241 0 0 0 4136 1972 0 0 0 0 0 603 0 0 0 0 0 6,03 1973 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 399 0 0 0 0 399- 1974 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 566 5'94 0 0 0 1183 1975 0 0 0 0 0 ~ 0 0 0 343 0 -0 0 343 1975 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 1352 10 0 0 0 1705 1977 0 0 0 [0 0 0 206 0 0 .0 0 0 206 1978 0 0 0 0 0 0 1278 0 169 0 0 0o 1447 1979 0 0 10 0 0 1089 0 701 0 269 9 0 2068 1980 ItO 0 0 0 0 0 32 0 0 0 0 0 32
1981 0 0 0 1 0 0 80 0 ___ 0 0 80 1982 0 L 00 0 0 0 0 0 o 4110 0 41 1983 0 0 0 0 0 0 181 1207 0 0 1 0 0 1388 1984 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o' 0 0 -11985 0 0 0 0 30 0 395 0 0 0 1 0 0 425 70 1986 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 642 0 0 0 0 642 1987 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 0 0 105 1988 0 0 0 0 0 0 390 0 0 6 103 130 629 1989 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1990 0 0 0 0 0 0 329 225 0 0 0 0 554 1991 0 0 0 0 0 0 158 0 309 0 0 0 467 1992 0 0 0 0 0 275 263 300 0 0 0 0 838 1993 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 227 0 0 0 227 1994 0 0 0 0 0 0 1002 0 0 24 0 0 1026 1995 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 1191 0 0 0 0 1561 1996 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 0 0 0 185 1997 0 0 0 0 0 519 0 0 0 0 0 0 519 1998 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2000 0 0 0 0 620 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 620 2001 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 85 0 0 0 0 165 2002 0 0 0 0 0 384 0 01 0 0 0 0 384
4) Available water for joint operation of Zhougongzhai Reservoir and Jiaokou Reservoir
(1). Joint operation principle
[1] Water for farmland irrigation and animal husbandry in Yinxi Plain is taken from Yinxi Plain nver network.
[2] When Yinxi Plain river network can not meet the 40,000t/d plain farmland irrigation, animal husbandry and other purposes (including environmental water consumption), Zhougongzhai Reservoir and Jiaokou Reservoir discharge water for supplementation.
[2] Under the precondition that Zhougongzhai Reservoir and Jiaokou Reservoir meet the water consumption for Yinxi Plain farmland irrigation, animal husbandry and other purposes, besides supplying l0,OOOt/d water to the mountainous region (including Zhangshui Town) between Jiaokou Reservoir dam and Yinjiang Town, Zhougongzhai Reservoir and Jiaokou Reservoir will supply domestic and industrial water to Yinxi and Ningbo central urban area through joint operation to enable the residents in Yinxi and Ningbo central urban area 'to use the high quality reservoir water.
[4] When reservoir water storage is less than water supply capacity, water supply for farmland irrigation is stopped so as to ensure domestic and industrial water utilization.
(2). Available water for reservoir joint operation
Dead water level of present Jiaokou Reservoir is 37.68m. After actual landtorm measurement and hydraulic engineering water catchment building arrangement for this feasibility study. it is concluded that the dead reservoir supply water level of this water diversion project needs to be raised to 41.18m.
71 The series selected for supply and demand balance calculation is 1963 to 2002, 40 years in total. With days as calculated time period, after calculation and analysis of long series day-after-day water quantity balance, the reservoirs shall meet the average water deficit of 9,630,000m3 for irrigation of Yinxi Plain in the lower reaches, average water deficit of 60,000m3 for animal husbandry, water.deficit of 560,000m3 for other purposes and 3,650,000m3 for mountainous region in the lower reaches of the dam. Under this condition, urban daily water supply is 473,000t/d, and, considering daily water supply variation factor 1.14, maximum daily water capacity is 540,000t/d, mean annual water supply is 173,000,000rn3 and water supply factor of assurance is 95%. Considering 6% linear loss from reservoir to water works, the maximum daily water supply capacity of water works is 500,000t/d.
Water quantity balance calculation series is 1963 to 2002, a 40-year day-after-day process. See table 3-16 for water quantity balance result of joint operation between Zhougongzhai Reservoir and Jiaokou Reservoir.
Table 3-16 Supply and demand balance calculation for joint operation between Zhougongzhai
and Jiaokou Reservoirs (Unit: 1O,000m 3)
Zhougongzhai Reservoir liaoko. Reservoir
Total dmn Totalwaeo Total water de°mndfor Total water Section Totat Total Total Year demrand anna tr demnd incoffng water suprwatter watterwa Ya efnoar husbandry deFrnatnd fderrornd clowgOenlMd
igaionimo reachesle for ownpurpsesPiPS Inconueflow Waterlos,sSupply Water abandonmeWater caaiycapacWty supplyWater abandonnien Water aPacity
19032 19032 1963 1322 371 17272 68 13889 62 8134 7574 7619 12315 10898 13775 2916
20077 115 1964 2401 375 17314 101 10993 62 8906 2704 6940 9751 11172 1653 2547 20192
.2679 19247 19247 1965 1551 372 17272 53 12987 62 8413 4101 7351 11516 10835 4651
2202 20312 20312 1966 2510 382 . 17272 149 12434 62 9293 4355 6076 11027 11019 4839
18257 4639 1967 4794 402 17272 428 5760 62 11544 0 230 5108 6713 0 597 22896
14709 5834 1968 2530 397 17314 301 9462 62 6351 0 3279 8394 8358 36 597 20543
1373 18823 18823 1969 1027 381 17272 143 12553 62 8121 1182 6467 11132 10702 837
19161 19161 1970 1432 376 17272 81 14999 62 8798 5458 7147 13300 10363 7270 2498
20084 1689 1971 3964 379 17272 158 10179 62 9233 1344 6688 9028 10853 0 2019 21773
3256 18284 18284 1972 584 368 17314 18 11970 62 7664 2470 8461 10615 10621 1228
3030 18035 18035 1973 399 365 17272 0 16823 62 7454 9993 7776 14918 IQ582 14554
1974 t134 370 17272 44 14075 62 8018 4219 9553 12480 10803 1442 7485 18820 18820
17979 1975 342 365 17272 0 17649 62 7258 10467 9415 15650 10722 15395 7485 17979
2590 19385 19385 1976 1686 368 17314 17 13102 62 18528 6806 7121 11618 10858 12462
17843 17843 1977 206 365 17272 0 19637 62 17138 11704 7854 17415 10706 17813 3191
19083 19083 1978 1430 367 17272 14 11216 918391 3181 7437 9947 10692 2805 2820
I ~ l l 1 19705 19034 671 1979 1937 377 17272 11IQ 13475 62 9198 4382 7270 11950 9837 6605 12710 17712 198n 29 366 17314 2 1169'- 62 7086 4448 7371 10372 10628 4512 2392 17712
198 11 80 036 127204 162 7135 10931 92921 17778 10582 13271 7247 17717 17717
17678 1982 40 365 17272 I 13471 62 7095 8144 7962 12390 10583 14387 2812 17678
4889 19025 19025 1983 l145 370 1272 1 38 17711 1 82(r4| 8804 8603 15705 10822 11610
3494 17680 17680 1984 0 366r 17314 0 180271 62 702| 11105 8434 16024 10609 17916 |
181061 18061 1985 | 414 366 17272 | 15945 o2 7226 7825 926t 14138 10837 | 960 | 4660_ 986 611 367 17272 28 11456 62 7632 4018 9010 10159 10646 4048 4143 18278 18278
987 105 365 17272 0 16900 6' 7160 10529 8158 14986 10582 15699 3377 17742 17742
1988 378 386 17314 232 15018 62 7328 8768 7019 13318 10983 12118, 2361 18310 18310
1989 0 365 17272 3 18827 62 7056 11150 7578 16698 10584 16680 2945 17640 17640
1990 5 19 368 17272 32 19511 62 7423 10509 9095 17302 10768 15757 4231 18191 18191
991 457 366 17272 9 II101 62 7301 5020 78 12 9843 10803 5138 3153 18104 18104
1992 800 370 17314 34 19171 62 7634 1187' 7415 17000 10885 18341 2800 18518 18518
1993 221 366 17272 5 14314 62 7146 5231 9290 12694 10718 5730 4277 17864 17864
1994 1005 368 17272 17 16439 62 7681 8434 9553 14578 10981 9023 7284 18663 18663
1995 1480 372 17272 74 13785 62 8356 8380 6541 12226 10842 15145 1903 19198 19198
1996 178 367 17314 6 11073 62 7253 1685 8613 9818 10612 0 2794 17865 17865
1997 489 367 17272 28 17308 62 7556 8750 9553 15349 10600 10995 5298 18156 18156
1998 0 365 17272 0 16070 62 7055 10435 8071 14251 10582 16020 3382 17637 17637
1999 0 365 17272 0 18017 62 7055 10408 8563 15975 10582 15418 3765 17637 17637
2000 578 370 17314 38 17679 62 7667 9066 9446 15677 10634 10449 7426 18300 18300
2001 165 365 17272 12788 62 7121 5532 9520 11339 10681 8949 4667 17801 17801
2002 374 366 17272 9 18364 62 7210 11061 9553 16285 10813 15555 5644 18021 18021
Mean 963 371 17283 56 14662 62 7797 6801 13002 10552 9302 18673 18349 324
3.2 Overview of social enviroment
3.2.1 Administrative division and population
Ningbo is one of the china's opening cities and a schemning independent city, which enjoys provincial economic management purview, and a "National biggish city" as well, which has the power of constituting local iules and laws. Ningbo consists of 2 counties of Xiangshan and Ninghai, 3 prefectural cities of Yuyao, Cixi and Fenghua and 6 districts of Haishu, Jiangdong, Jiangbei, Zhenhai, Beilun and Yinzhou. The total area of the administrative region covers 9365 sqkm, in which, 2560 km2 is the urban area. The total population is 5.49million, in which there are 1.94 million actual residents in the scope of urban planning. The actual residential population within the current built-up area of the central city is 1.2045million. The total population of Yinzhou district is 0.73 million. This project runs across four administrative districts of Yinzhou, Haishu, Jiangdong and Jiangbei in Ningbo City. Land acquisition impact involves 213mu collectively-owned land of two towns in Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, which are all mountainous land. It directly affects 83 households and 291 people. The project will temporarily occupy 556.32me collectively-owned land in Yinzhou District and 1,005mu state-owned land in Haishu, Jiangbei and Yinzhou districts, affecting 189 households and 573 people for short term, the project will affect one enterprise and only involve a part of appurtenant facilities; and the project will affect 19 classes of ground fixtures and public utilities. No building demolition and relocation will be made in the scope of the project. 3.2.2 Outline of Social economy
(I ) Outline of the city
With more developed social economy. Ningbo is the important industrial base and the "window" of foreign trade of Zhejiang province as well as the production center of grain, cotton . oil, economic speciality products and aquatic products.Ningbo's GDP in year 2003 reached RMB 176.9 billion yuan with a Increase of 15.3% over the
73 previous year. The total financial revenue in year 2003 grew to 33 billion RMB yuan with a increase of 25.9%, the total general budgeted revenue climbed to 32.5 billion RMB yuan with a increase of 25.8%. In which, the local financial revenue reached 13.94 billion RMB yuan with a increase of 32.4%.
By the further adjustment of agricultural structure, Ningbo has adjust the ratio of food crops vs economic crops from 45:55 of last year to 40:60, the planting area of the economic crops including vegetable and flower has largely increased. The city agricultural added value reachs 11.2 billion RMB yuan with a increase of 4%. With the stable development of agricultural industrialization, it possesses 23 leader agricultural enterprises with output value more than 100 million RMB yuan and 327 rural economic cooperation organizations. As the result of implementing the strategy-"to flourish agriculture based on science and education", Ning bo now has 68 green agricultural products base and made the rapid growth of ecological agriculture and beneficial agriculture. The farmer's burden is lightened continuously to the per capita agricultural tax of 12.5RMB yuan.
With the obvious increase of operation quality of the industrial economy, in 2003, the city industrial added value reachs 91.01 billion RMB yuan with a increase of 18% over the last year. The total sale output of scaled industrial enterprises reachs 258.22 billion RMB yuan with a increase of 29.4%, the profit payments and tax turnover totaled up to 31.85 billion RMB yuan. The score of 11 evaluation indicators for economic performances is ranked on the top place in Zhejiang province. By quickening the structural adjustment and industrial grading, the investment for technological improvement is 26.21 billion RMB yuan with a increase of 45.8% over the last year. It got the output of high and new-technology industries of 83.3 billion RMB yuan with a increase of 35.8%.
With the speed development of various service industries including finance, tourism, material circulation, real estate, telecommunication, agency and community services, Ningbo has the third industrial added value of 65.09 billion RMB yuan with a increase of 13.3%. With the acceleration of modern circulation modes and service industries including e-commerce, chaining operation and material circulation, the total volume of retail sales of social consumption reached 52.15 billion RMB yuan with a increase of 12.7%. The per capita consumption expenditure of town dweller climbed up to 10463 RMB yuan with a increase of 11.3%, the per capita consumption expenditure of rural population 5194 RMB yuan with a increase of 15.2%. The grading of whole society consumption has an obvious trendancy focusing on house, automobile and telecommunication devices.
In 2003, the investment from the whole society for fixed assets grew to 83.76 billion RMB yuan with a increase of 39.3%. In which, the industrial investment plus real estate investment reach 69.6% of the total investment and become the major force promnoting the increase of investment from whole society for fixed assets.
With the accelerated urbanization, it has finished the new overall urban planning and will detail and improve several major regions such as the east new urban area, Yuci group and the new area of Hangzhou bay etc. With the further strengthen of the environment protection work, Ningbo has started up the ecological city construction scheme and obtained the title of -national garden city". The Ninghai county as the national ecological pilot area has passed the acceptatlon procedure.
With the integrated development of social facts, Ningbo has implemented the "No.1 project " of the strategy-strengthen the city by science and education", established initially the technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body, introduced 269 high-tech projects, attracted and co-built 31 technical development firms and bases and added 9 national major high-tech enterprises. The numbers of authorized patent and different national technical planning projects is ranked at the top place of our province. 74 (2) Social economy outline of Yinzhou district and its central area
With the approval of the State Council in april, 2002. Yinzhou district is established on the previous Yin county. As the sixth district of Ningbo city, Yinzhou district covers an area of 1,380.54 sq.km, encompasses 23 towns, 2 industry zones and has a population of 730,000. It has the cultivated area of 570,000 mu , forest of I million mu and the coastline of 24 km.
The Yinzhou district has the developed economy and is one of the 100 top counties with technological and economic strength. Its total industrial and agricultural output value and foreign trade turnover are ranked in the top places of Zhejiang province. An industrial set-up has come into being with textile and garments, machinery and electronics, auto-fittings, foodstuff as the mainstay. YinZhou District is the leading producer of garments in China with the annual output value of 10 billion yuan. "Firs" brand suits and "Youngor" brand shirts, which are listed on the top 10 garments in the country are produced in the county. It produces paddy as the main agricultural product and is the major marketable grain base of Zhejiang province.
In 2003, the district GDP reached 23.08 billion RMB yuan with a increase of 15.6% over the last year, the first industry with a increase of 8.6%, the second industry with a increase of 17.2%, and the third industry with a increase of 13.1%. The per capita GDP reached up to 31 thousands RMB yuan with a increase of 15%. The investment of whole society for the fixed assets climbed to 13.12 billion RMb yuan with a increase of 42.9% over the last year. The total financial revenue reached 3.72 billion RMB yuan with a increase of 37.6%, in which the local financial revenue with a increase of 50.9%. The annual total industrial output value is with a increase of 21.3% over the last year. The total output value from industries with certain scale reached 46.09 billion RMb yuan, the sale income of 45.8 billion RMB yuan and the profit payments and tax turnover of 4.27 billion RMB yuan, with a increase of 24.7%, 28.8% and 18.3% over the last year separately.
The central zone is the biggest image project of Yanzhou district and began to develop since March,1995, with the total planning area of 33 km2. The whole development period will last 20 years. In the initial period (1999-2002), the development will cover 12 km2 with the total population of 120 thousands. In the future period (2010), the total population involved will be 200 thousands. At present, there are 53 builtup projects and 31 project in construction. The accumulated investment for fixed assets has reached up to 1.7billion RMB yuan.
As the inland mountain land of Yanzhou district, the Zhangshui county will house the water diversion project. It has the total territory area of 111.3km 2 covcering 42 administrative villages and 218 villager teams. To the end of 2000, the population of the county was 27.5 thousands. In 2000, the annual GDP of thecounty reached 0.166 billion RMB yuan with a increase of 6.4% over the last year. The total output values of first, second and third industries were 26890 ,102990 and 35890 thousands RMB yuan separately. 3.2.3 Public facility
Ningbo has always been the water and land center of conimunications in East Zhejiang Province and has gradually formed a modernized traffic backbone integrated with dredging and transportation network
Port: Ningbo is a famous port city in Chinese Mainland and Ningbo Port governs three port areas including Ningbo, Zhenhai and Beilun port areas. At present it has 24 over-l0,OOOt berths. In 2003 Ningbo Port completed 185,000.000t cargo handling capacity, increasing 20.9% and completed 2,772,000t container handling capacitv.
75 increasing 49.2%. Its amplitude of increase ranks the first among the major coastal ports in Chinese Mainland for successive five years.
Airport: Ningbo Lishe Airport was put into operation in 1990s and has more than 30 air lines such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, 160 flights a week. In the whole year of 2002, cargo handling capacity for civil aviation reached 25,300t, increasing 22.7% compared with that of the sa~me period last year.
Railway: the Hangzhou-Ningbo railway connects the national railway network via Zhejiang-Jiangxi and Shanghai-Hangzhou railway. In 2001, Ningbo railway station transported the passengers of 3.493 million and the goods of 14.578 million tons.
Road: Ningbo has formed an external expressway network and urban road network system is complete and rationally laid out. The external road traffic is: Shanghai-Hangzhou-Yongjiang Expressway, Hangzhou Bay Highway etc trunk lines. Urban. road network is composed of fast speed road and arterial, sub-arterial and branch roads. "lh traffic area" has been built in the large downtown area. In 2002 in the whole city, traffic mileage was 5,506km, road density was 59km/IOOkm 2 including 188km expressway and 3,319km super highway and secondary highway. Twenty-one main road hubs and country and township termiinal yards were built and 32,000m2 Ningbo Road Hub Passenger Transport Center was put into operation in 2002.
3.2.4 Urban character and development objective
Nature and scale of the city
The new editiorrof general city development plan (2001-2020) confirm the nature of Ningbo as a city: The important coastal port city in East China, the economic center in south part of Yangtze Delta and historical & cultural city of national level. the key international deep water port of Shanghai International Shipping Center and the international modern city. Its main roles include the deep water terminal port for Shanghai international naviation center, the material transshipment base of the sourtheast coast, the trade and material circulation center of the sourth wing of Yangtzi delta, the major industrial base of the coast of the sourtheast china, financial center of Zhejiang province, commissioning base of new techniques and the secondary center of education, the cultural and tourism base and the ecological city with the features of water regions at the sourth of Yangtzi river.
(I) Urban population planning
2005: total population of 6.20 million living in the urban area, 1.7 million living in the central zone
2010: total population of 6.4 million living in the urban area, 2 million living in the central zone
2020: total population of 6.7- 7.0 million living in the urban area, 2.5 million living in the central zone
(2) Land use planning
2 The land use in construction of the central zone: by 2005, land of 230km will be used in construction, in which 134.5 km2 in Sanjiangpian. The per capita construction land use will be 103.5m> BNy 2010, land of 285km- will be used in construction, in which 170 km2 in Sanjiangpian. The per capita construction land use will be I lOm2
Bv 2020, land of 355kni2 will be used in construction, in which 215 kn2 in Sanjiangpian. The per capita cprnstruction land use will be I1 Om.
7h The land use in construction of urban area of counties (cities): the per capita construction land use will be controlled within 100-120 m2 .
The land use in construction of central counties: the per capita construction land use will be controlled within 95-105 m2.
Planning scope and period
(1) Planning scope
The planning scope can be divided into three levels: city territory, urban area and central city.
City territory: it means the adrninaistrative region with the total area of 9365 km2. The planning of city territory focuses on the development strategies of cities and towns, architecture of cities and towns, space configuration and structure of city, infrastructure in city territory and the major developing towns.
Urban area: it means the administrative districts of Ningbo urban area, i.e., the scope of urban planning area including 6 administrative districts( Haishu, Jiangdong, Jiangbei, Yanzhou,Zhenhai and Beilun districts) with the 2 total area of 2560 km2, in which the sea area of 469.6 km . The unified planning and management will carry out the construction and development of this area.
Central city: it includes the Sanjiang part (Haishu, Jiangdong,Jiangbei, central zone of Yanzhou, Zhuangshi of Zhenhai, Luotuo), Zhenhai part and Beilun part which is the major region focused on by this planning.
Meanwhile, the planning will define the land use scope of the urban overall planning, which means the .scope of implementing layout of urban land use and balancing the urban construction land use, its total area will be 600 km2 .
(2) Planning period
Initial period: 2001-2005
Interim period: 2006-2010
Future period: 2011-2020
Long-range prospective will be planned by the middle period of the century.
Space configuration of city territory
(I ) Urban area on the northern
Urban area: it is the major region of urbanization development of Ningbo, important industrial base of the Sourtheast coast of china, and the commissioning base of culture, education and science and technology with the teature of Zhedong culture, port culture and trade culture.
Central city: it focuses on the development of ports, industry concering to the ports and the third industry including material circulation, finance, trade, information and science and technology.
Yuci group: utilizing the advantage of location and connecting Shanghai industries, to form a base of coastal process industry and export-oriented agriculture facing to both markets, domestic and abroad.
Fenghua group: to be the tourism and garment base.
(2) Ecological developmeft area on the sourthern
77 It is not only the important ecological base but also the water sources conservation site. It focuses on the tourism and develops other industries not disturbing the ecological environment and tourism.
Overall development targets of the city
According to the Ningbo urban overall planning, the economic and social development targets of Ningbo city in the further will be that the whole city will achieve the target of Setting up a Well-off-in-all-rounds Society by 2005, take the leader in basically achieving the modernization by 2020, the major economic and social development indicators will reach or excess the level of medium developed countries at that time and establish the solid integrated economic strength with the advanced modern industrial system, highly internationalized opening configuration, harmonious ecological enviroment, social development system and obvious improvement of residents' educational level, life quality and civilization.
Water resource development and utilization plan:
(1) Under the condition of great drought with a-ten-year return period(P=90%), Ningbo's water demand will be 2.041 billion cubic meters, 2.219 billion cubic meters and 2:515 billion cubic meter by 2005,2010 and 2020 separately. In which, the sums of indurstrial and domestic water demand will be 42.9%, 49.0% and 56.4% of the total water demand in every planning period. Under the conditions of existing water source projects and great drought with a-ten-year return period(P=90%), the water deficit of Ningbo will be 156 million cubic meters by 2005, 224 million cubic meters by 2010 and 388 million cubic meters by 2020. By comprehensively performing the measures of "reducing consumption, harnesing pollution and exploring resources", appropriately transferring water from outside and making up for possible shortages with surpluses, the Ningbo's water demand in every planning period can be meet.
(2) New water source projects
Urban water supply area: in the initial period, the water projects with higher priority including Baixi reservoir water diversion project, Zhougongzhai reservoir project and Xixia reservoir project will be built. In the future, taking into account to develop the Geao, Xujiangan,Luwang and Tingxi.
Yuci region: in the initial period, Shuangxikou reservoir will begin to build; in the future, taking into account to develop the Xiangjianong (extension), Xiao, Linhai tidal flat and Zhenxu tidal flat reservoirs.
Xiangshangang region: in the initial period, beginning to build the Xixi and Shangzhang reservoirs; in the future, taking into account to develop the Sizhoutou, Liaoche and Baidun reservoirs.
(3) Water diversion projects from outside
By 2010, the Caoer and Tangpu reservoir water diversion projects will be.builtup. By 2015, the Xinchang Qicun reservoir water diversion project will be completed. It is required to coordinate actively the implementation of Fuchunjiang water diversion project.
Ecologv plannin!
(I) Ecological zoning
78 According to the urban development extent and the allocation of productive force, there are three typies of ecological zone in the city territory, including the successive township zone, open zone and ecological sensitizing zone.
The successive township zone is an area with densely distributed township, which including the central city and its peripheral areas as well as the successive township zone of the north of Yuci.
The open zone covers the agricultural areas inlucing the township points, villages, farmland, water network and coteau areas. It has the aggregated housing estates with relative lower density and the lanform mainly consisting of natural environment and green vegetation. The development strength in the open zone shall be controlled appropriately.
The ecological sensitizing zone covers the large-sized ecological elements and bodies affecting significantly the local overall ecological environment. The protection, growth and development of the ecological elements and bodies directly affect the quality of local ecological environment. The ecological sensitizing zones include the nature reserves, forest parks, water sources, large-sized reservoirs,coastal zones and famous scenic sites etc. The local development in the ecological sensitizing zone shall be controlled restrictly by strengthening the building of ecological green space. If conditions allow, local development for tourism can be carried out.
(2) Landscape space
Protecting and rebuilding the overall pattern of water system form a landscape framework of water city.
Strengthening the landscape connection of Sanjiangkou-Dongqianhu-Binhai waterpath and creating new aquatic greening coridor.
Sophisticating the space of water body, good dealing with the relations between water and greening/buildings/roads/bridges. Taking into account the scale of river course and its functions in the urban landscape system, it is required to create different water-friendly spaces combining with harnessing of water front.
Exerting the water landscape features and coordinating the pattern of buildings.
Setting up the aquatic tourinig routes to show the beautiful landscape of water area.
(3) Green space system plan
It is planned to form the ecological green space structure of "two belts, three corridors, four slices, eight cores and nine wedges" in the scope of central city.
'rTwo Belt' means the two ecological belts which start from the Dongqianhu tourism area and extend to the north and along the east-west direction.
Three Corridors" means the greening landscape axes formed with three rivers,Yuyaojiang, Fenghuajiang and Yongjiang.
"Four Slices'means the four large landscape forest lands around the planned construction area.
Eight cores" means the eight major gardens in the planned construction area.
"Nine Wedges" means the nine wedge-shaped greening belt introduced from the ecologLcal belts and landscape forestlands.
Landscape and tourism plan 79 The touring network of "One Circle and Four Belts" has the urban touring circle as the core of the network and the Yaojiang historical and cultural touring,Fenghua cultural and landscape touring, coastal touring of the eastern and spa and ancient township touring of the sourth as the so called "Four Belts".
One circle means the scope of urban touring including the central city of Ningbo, Dongqianhu lake and Dongwu. The main tour bases are central city, Sanjiangpian and Dongqianhu lake etc.
Four Belt- Touring belt of Yaojiang's history and culture
Touring belt of Fenghua's culture and landscape
Touring belt of coast at the east
Touring belt of Spa and ancient township at the sourth
Four vacation bases: Siminghu holliday village, Dongqianhu hollidy village, Ninghai spa hollidy village and Songlanshan holliday village. 3.2.5 Present situation of urban water conservancy and development objective 3.2.5.1 Present situation of municipal water saving
Since the Mayor Order No.74 "Administrative provisions of municipal water saving in Ningbo City" was issued in March 1999, water saving work in Ningbo City has made great progress.
(1 ) Total quantity of saved water in the city increases year after year. The quantity of saved water in 200 was 37,090,000m 3 , six times as much as that in 1990.
( 2) The percentage of industrial water in the total water consumption of the city decreases year after year. Water catchment per 10,000Yuan industrial output decreases year after year and repeating utilization factor of industrial water increases year after year. In 2000, water consumption for 3 3 10,000Yuan value added in the whole city was 64m , decreasing 27.3% compared with 88m in 1997, and annual rate of decrease is 8.5%:
(3) Economic benefit of industrial water saving is significant. From 1998 to 2000, the whole city saved 129,540,000m3 and 170,000,00OYuan water expense was directly saved.
(4) Experimental unit has been carried out for reutilization of reclaimed water and the reclaimed water reuti.lization project of-the city wastewater treatment plant has been put into trial operation. 3.2.5.2 Objective of municipal water saving work
The objective of Ningbo City's water saving management work is to reach the level of domestic advanced water saving cities (Tianjin, Dalian, Shanghai etc) in 2005 in terms of basic water saving management and all water saving indices and pass the national check and evaluation for water saving cities in the mid-term (2010) and to reach the level of the advanced water saving cities with the similar situation of water resources in the same period in long term (2020). See table 3-18 for relative indices.
Table 3-18 Planning index of industrial water saving in Ningbo City
n Measurement unit or Planning objective lIndication (name) of Index [ symbol mid-temi (2010) | Long-term (2020) Planned urban water rate % =95% =99%
80 Repeating utilization factor of =75% =80% industrial water ______=75______=80______Indirect cooling water % =95% =97% circulation rate Up-to-standard rate of =80% =85% industrial wastewater Water supply management rate =98% =98% of self-built facilities Rate of gage installation for water supply of self-built % =98% =100% facilities Rate of central municipal % =40% =45% wastewater treatment Central reutilization rate of =20% =30% municipal wastewater Rate of water gages for % =98%, =100% domestic water utilization __=98___100_ Loss rate of municipal supply % =8% =8% water pipe network _
3.2.6 Ningbo city water supply situation and planning 3.2.6.1 City water supply situation
Ningbo City consists of six districts: Haishu District, Jiangdong District, Jiangbei District, Beilun District, Zhenhai District and Yinzhou District. Haishu, Jiangdong and Jiangbei districts belong to old urban area of Ningbo City; some large-scale industrial enterprises are concentrated in Zhenhai District; Beilun District is a new district built and developing with Beilun Port Area; Yinzhou District was originally Yin County and was established as a district in 2002. Due to historical development reason and geographic location, administrative subjection, managerial system and urbanization development level reasons, the above six districts of different water supply structures and water works water supply managerial systems are formed.
Division of water supply enterprises: Ningbo Water Supply Company, Yinzhou Central Area Water Supply Company, water works or water supply companies in respective villages and towns in Yinzhou District, Zhenhai District and Beilun District as well as self-used water works in respective industrial enterprises.
Division of water supply scope: the built-up area in Haishu, Jiangdong, Jiangbei, Beilun and Zhehai districts and some places of the central area of Yinzhou District are the responsibility of Ningbo Water Supply Company; the most part of the central area of Yinzhou District is the responsibility of Yinzhou Central Area Water Supply Company, and respective villages and towns are the responsibility of respective village and town water works. Divided from development level and scale of water works and water supply facilities. one is large-scale city water supply works (mainly subordinated to Ningbo
Wk ater Supply Company) which have complete water supply facilities, strong management and technical force and complete personnel and organizational system with relatively great water supply safety; the other is small-scale water works in villages and towns with small water supply scale, out-of-date water supply facilities, management and technical force and water supply safety.
8I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ (1) Present situation of water supply in the central urban area of Ningbo City
City water supply task of Ningbo City central urban area is undertaken by Ningbo Water Supply Company and the present water supply scope is the built-up area in Haishu, Jiangdong, Jiangbei, Beilun and Zhenhai districts as well as some places in the central area of Yinzhou District. There are currently 5 water works with total water supply capacity of 820,000m3/d. See table 3-19 for basic situations of water supply capacity and water sources of all water works.
Table 3-19 Basic situations of water works of Ningbo Water Supply Company Name of Location of Designed capacity water water (10,000 Water sources and water quality works works m3/d) Jiangdong Jiangdong 35 Hengshan Reservoir, Class Il; Yinxi River Network Water Works District (Nantang River), Class m South Haishu Suburb 20 Shan River Class I-II District Water Works Meilin Water Jiangbei 10 Yao River Class H-IV Works District Cicheng Jiangbei 2 Yingxiong Reservoir Class H Water Works District 2_Yingxiong_Reservoir_Class_II Beilun Water Beilun Works District 15 Hengshan Reservoir Class II Total 82
To improve. city water supply sources, several long-distance water source division projects have been built successively since 1980s, which mainly are:
a. Xiao Town-Beidu w.ater division project: this project used World Bank loan and diverts water from Shan River at Xiao Town. The water sources mainly are drained water of Tingxia Reservoir and Xiao Town water division pump station, Beidu water division and booster pump station (diverting water from Nantang River and mainly are the drained water of Jiaokou Reservoir and the water from Yinxi River Network) are built together with DNI600 long-distance water conveyance pipe with design scale beinig 250.000m3 /d. With reference to national standard "Surface water environmental quality standard" (GB3838-2002), water qualitv of Shan River is Class 1-11 and water quality of Nantang River is Class Ill. At present, Xiao Town Water Division Pump Station supplies raw waier to South Suburb Water Works and Beidu Water Division Pump Station supplies raw water to Jiangdong Water Works with water amount being 250,000m3 /d
b. Hengshan Reservoir Water Division Project: water flows through DN1600 long-distance water conveyance pipe under its own gravity by means of water level of Hengshan Reservoir and the total capacity is 200,000 - 250,000m'/d, of which 150,000m3/d is supplied to Beilun Water Works and 100,000 nm'/d to Jiangdong Water Works. Water quality of Hengshan Reservoir is Class 11.
Presently. Ningbo Water Supply Company has the following projects under construction: 82 (a) 150,000 m3/d expansion project of Beilun Water Works which is under construction and is planned to be put into operation in 2004; 3 (b) Dongqian Lake Water Works, with design scale being 500,000 m /d, is in design and preliminary preparation stage;
(c) Baixi Reservoir Water Division Project, with design division volume being 600,000-700,000m 3 /d, is under construction and is planned to be put into operation in 2005. When put into operation, it will supply water to Beilun Water Works and Dongqiang Lake Water Works.
City water supply pipe network is mainly ring network and local peripheral region is branch type network. Currently there is 1057km over-DNIOOmm distributing water pipe and Jiangdong, South Suburb, Meilin and Beilun water works have realized network water supply. Water supply pressure of the city center pipe network is greater than 0.15MPa.
In 2003, water was supplied to a population of 1,265,000, annual total water supply amount (total amount of water from water-works) was 264,500,000m3, annual total water sales volume (actual charged 3 water amount) was 218,600,000m 3 , average daily water supply amount was 724,700 m /d, maximum daily water supply amount was 861,000 m3/d and variation coefficient of average annual water supply days for several years was 1.14.
Water supply amount in 2003 increased evidently than the previous year and maximum daily water supply amount reached 861,000m3 /d, 5% more than designed water production capacity of water works .(820,000 m3/d). In the 80 days from July 1 to September 18, 2003, there were 52 days in which water supply amount exceeded 800,000 m3 /d, accounting for 65% and 74 days in which water supply amount exceeded 780,000 m3 /d, accounting for 92.5%. In all the 80 days, water supply amount exceed 770,000 m3/d. It is obvious that designed water supply capacity of water works can no longer meet the need of water consumption and overload operation of water works has affected water supply safety and quality and increased the difficulty of management and dispatch.
(2) Present situation of water supply in Yinzhou District
Yinzhou District was originally Yin County and was established as a district in 2002. Due to history, relationship of administrative subordination and geographic location reasons, existing water supply in Yinzhou District has not been incorporated in the city water supply scope of Ningbo City. Except the central area of Ytnzhou District where some places receive water supply from Ningbo Water Supply Company due to adjacency to Ningbo urban area, other areas and villages and towns receive water supply from Yinzhou Central Area Water Supply Company (Central Area Water Works) and water works in respective villages and towns. According to site survev and related statistical data, currently Yinzhou District has 32 water works at the level of villages and towns with total scale being 465,500 m3/d and water supply population being 730.000. Water supply pipes have been connected to each household and running water popularization work has basically been completed. Statistics show 3 that average daily water supply amount in 2003 was 263,000 m /d 20 out of 32 water works take water from river network water source and their water supply capacity is 77%C of total water supply capacity. Quality of water sources is generally poor.
Water treatment technologv of water works in villages and towns in Y'inzhou District: the water works with 8a the water from river network as water source adopt the technology of hydraulic circulating clarification tank or inclined tube sedimentation tank with valveless filter cell and feed chlorine two times for disinfection before and after the tank; the water works with the groundwater as water source take groundwater and directly supply it after feeding chloririe for disinfection; the water works with the water from reservoir as water source take raw water which is filtered by valveless filter cell and fed with chlorine and then supplied to users. Water supply pipe network in villages and towns is mainly in the shape of branch and most pipes use self-stressing concrete pipe, some steel pipes, PVC pipes and ductile iron pipes.
(3) Present situation of water supplv of water works in villages and towns in Zhenhai District and
Beilun District
Water supply of the built-up areas in Zhenhai District and Beilun District is the responsibility of Ningbo Water Supply Company, but some places in villages and towns are still supplied by small water works in villages and towns. According to statistics, Zhenhai District and Beilun District have 14 water 3 works at the level of villages and towns at present with total designed capacity of 102,700 m /d and actual water supply amount of 90,000 m3/d.
(4) Self-used water works of industrial enterprises
Due to historical and managerial system reasons as well as city water supply capacity and water supply range, some industrial enterprises have built their own water sources and water works which are concentrated in Zhenhai and Beilun districts with total number being several dozens and total water supply scale being 460,000 m3/d.
(5) Summary of present situations of water works
The present situations of city water supply in the six districts in Ningbo City are summarized in table 3-20.
Table 3-20 Summary of present situations of city water supply works
in the six districts in Ningbo City Number Total designed Water supply enter0rises of water capacity Main water supply scope l______works )i m3/d)
Ningbo Water Supply Builtup areas in Haishu,jiangdong, Jiangbei, 5 82 Beilun, Zhenhai districts, central area of Yinzhou Company . District
Yinzhou Central Area Water | I | 8 Central area of Yinzhou District Works Water works or water supplyl companies in respective 45 I 48.8 Respective villages and towns villages and towns Total sI 138.8 .
84 3.2.6.2 City water supply planning
(I ) Quality of city domestic and drinking water fullv reaches Class I and II water body standard.
City water supply shall be first considered and arranged to ensure that Class 1-11 high quality water sources of reservoirs will be used as the source of city water supply and Hengshan Reservoir, Jiaokou Reservoir, Zhougongzhai Reservoir, Tingxia Reservoir and Qincun Reservoir etc will be listed as the basis sources of Ningbo city domestic and drinking water. At the same time, several safety reservoirs will be set up as the emergency water sources of city water supply. It is necessary to change the mode of single water source (one water system, one reservoir) supplying water to the city and adopt multi-reservoir connection in series and water system network to optimize water resources. According to the plan, Baixi Reservoir water diversion project will be completed before 2006, Jiaokou Reservoir water diversion project will be completed before 2007 and combined water diversion of Zhougongzhai Reservoir and Jiaokou Reservoir will be completed before 2008, and Qincun (Tingxia) Reservoir water diversion project will be completed before 2015.
(2) Sufficiently utilize Class III and IV to supply industrial water to large-scale industrial bases
Sufficiently utilize Class III and IV water sources from Yao River and Yindong river network and Fenghua River water system to build industrial water works and lay special pipes to supply industrial water to large-scale industrial bases and industrial zones and supply comprehensive water for fire fighting, municipal engineering, gardening and environmental sanitation to the areas along the line. According to the plan, the industrial water works that take water from Yao River will be built before 2005 and then water sources from Yindong river network, Yinxi and Beidu river network and Fenghua River will be used as corresponding industrial water sources.
(3) Construction of water works
The water supply capacity (maxinmum daily water supply amount) development scale of Ningbo City is: Ningbo city water supply capacity reach 200x 104 m3/d by 2006 including 150x 104 m3/d for domestic and drinking water and 50x 104 m3/d for industrial water; reach.260x 104 m3/d by 2010 including 170x 104 m3/d for domestic and drinking water and 90x 104 m3/d for industrial water; reach 300x 104 m3/d by 2020 including 200X f04 m3/d for domestic and drinking water and lO0x 104 m3/d for industrial water. See table3-21,3-22 and 3-23 for city water supply situation in respective planning periods:
Table 3-21 Table of Ningbo city water planning in 2006 Water supply capacity | (xl1 4 m /d) Water works D an Industrial Water source Water supplv scope Domestic and Industrial drinking water water Jiangdong Water Works 25 Beidu 25 Sangjiang area, Zhenhai area South Suburb Water Works 20 Xiao Town 20 Sanjiang area Water Water Betlun 30 Baixi 30 Beilun area, Zhenhai area W orks______Dongqian Lake 50 Baixi 25. Hengshan 25 Sanjiang area, Yinzhou area, Water Works Zhenhai area_l
85 Maojiaoping 25 Jiaokou 25 Sanjiang area, Yinzhou area Water Works Yaojiang Industrial Water 50 Yao River 50 Beilun area, Zhenhai area Works Total 150 50 200
Table 3-22 Table of Ningbo city water planning in 2010 Water supply capacity Water works (x 104m3/d) Water source Water supply scope Domestic and Industrial drinking water water Jiangdong Water 25 Xiao Town (Tingxia) 25 Sanjiang area, Yinzhou area Works South Suburb 15 Xiao Town (Tingxia) 15 Sanjiang area Water Works Beilun Water 30 Baixi 30 Beilun area, Zhenhai area Works Dongqian Lake 50 Baixi 25, Hengshan 25 Sanjiang area, Yinzhou area, Water works Zhenhai area Maojiaping 50 Jiaokou, Zhougongzhai Sanjiang area, Yinzhou area Water Wrks 50 5 ajagae,Ynhuae Yaojiang Industrial Water 50 Yao River 50 Beilun area, Zhenhai area Works YindongYidnRieNtwr Industrial Water 25 Yindong River Network Beilun area Works 25 Beidu Industrial 15 Beidu l5 Yinzhou area Water Works Total 170 90 260
8t Table 3-23 Ningbo urban water supply planning in 2020 Water supply capacity (10 ,000m3/d) Water works Domestic and Industrial Water source Water supply range drinking water water Jiangdong Water 20 Tingxia 20 Sanjiang area, Yinzhou area
Beilun Water Works 30 Baixi 30 Beilun area, Zhenhai area Dongqian Lake 50 Baixi 25, Hengshan 25 Sanjiang area, Yinzhou Water Works area, Zhenhai area Maojiaping Water 50 Jiaokou and Sanjiang area, Yinzhou area Works 50 Zhougongzhai 50 ______area, Yizhou are Beidu Water Works 50 25 Tingxia, Qin Village 50, Sanjiang area, Yinzhou area Yaojiang______Beidnd25uSasjiangtarea,rYinzhouaarea Yaojiang Industrial 50 Yaojiang 50 Beilun area, Zhenhai area Water Works Yindong Industrial Beilun area Water WorksWater Works ~~~~25 Yindong fiver network 25Belnaa Total 200 100 300 Notes: 1. Considering that Jiangdong Water Works was built early, its water supply scale is appropriately reduced so as to alleviate equipment operation pressure; 2. As West Suburb Water Works was built early and considering the water quantity balance issue of Tingxia Reservoir, after Beidu Water Works is completed, the water supply fuinction of original West Suburb Water Works is canceled and used as regional booster pump station.
(4) Major water supply project planning
There are 9 planned major water supply projects which are described below in detail:
01 Baixi Reservoir water diversion project
Designed scale of Baixi Reservoir water diversion project is 60x 104m3/d including maximum water conveyance capacity of 70x 104m3/d for the main trunk line from Baixi Reservoir to water diversion point and maximum water conveyance capacity of 35x 104 m3/d for the main trunk line from water diversion point to Beilun Water Works branch. The water conveyance line of this project is from Baixi Reservoir to Dongqian lake Water Works and Beilun Water Works and its total length is 106.215km including 99.898km of water conveyance tunnel and 6.317km of pipes. It passes through Ninghai County, Fenghua City, Yinzhu District and Beilun District. YJT[2002]No.696 document issued by Ningbo City Development and Planning Committee on November 15 2002 approved the preliminary design of Baixi Reservoir Water Diversion Project with total budgetary estimate of 95,123,000 Yuan. The project commenced at the end of 2002 and construction period is three years and 9 months.
Z)Beilun Water Works Phase 11 Project
Designed water production capacity of Beilun Water Works Phase I Project was 15- 104m3/d and presently actual water production capacity has exceeded 17 104m3/d. To meet the need of rapidlv growing water consumption in Beilun region. Beilun Water Works Phase 11 Project will increase 15' 104m3/d production capacity on the basis of Phase I project. Technological equipment will match
87 with Phase I project and it needs to make a requisition of 56mu land. YJT[2002]No.719 document issued by Ningbo City Development and Planning Committee on November 21 2002 approved the project proposal of Beilun Water Works Phase 11 Project with total estimated project investment of 69,930,000 Yuan. This project was planned to commence in August 2003 and will be put into operation in the first half of 2004.
(C)Dongqian Lake Water Works Project 4 3 The planned total scale of Dongqian Lake Water Works is 50x 10 m /d and is a water works construction project complete with Baixi Reservoir Water Diversion project. An elevated water works is planned to be built at El +40m in Yinxueling, Dongqianhu to take the advantage of height difference of mountainous reservoir to realize water flow into the water works and then flow by gravity from the elevated water works to users. Secondary pump room will not be built and energy and operation cost can be saved. YJT[2003]No.295 document issued by Ningbo City Development and Planning Committee on September 9 2003 approved the project proposal of outgoing water conveyance pipe project with total estimated project investment of 470,910,000 Yuan (note: original project proposal considered the Phase 3 I 30x 104m3/d, and now it is planned to be built on the basis of 50x104m /d). It is planned to make a requisition of land and carry out earth and stone works in 2003 and be put into operation in 2006.
(A)Jiaokou (Zhougongzhai) Reservoir water diversion and supporting water works project
This project is a sub-item of Ningbo City Water Environment Construction Project and the scale of 4 3 water diversion and water works is 50x10 m /d. Main contents of the project are: DN2500 water diversion conduit and diversion tunnel from Jiaokou Reservoir to Maojiaping Water Works with total 3 length of lOkm; newly. built 500,000m /d Maojiaping Water Works; newly laid DN2500 water distribution pipe from Maojiaping Water Works to the urban area (Haishu and Yinzhou districts) with total length of 20km. Total estimated project investment is 750,000,000 Yuan. Before Zhougongzhai 4 3 Reservoir is built, this proje6t shall first carry out Phase I 25x10 m /d of water diversion from Jiaokou Reservoir and supporting water works according to the need of water supply for southwest region of the urban area and is hopefully completed in 2006 to supply water. Phase II project with the total scale of 50x 104m3/d is planned to be completed in 2008.
.05 City water supply main trunk ring network project
This project is a large-diameter ring network project built to ensure the stable-quality and pressure of water supplied to the whole central area. The ring network is arranged as follows: east line along the Century Highway, south line along Yin County Highway, west line along Airport Road a,d north line along north outer ring road form a large ring network. Diameter of pipeline is DN2000 and total length is 40km and total estimated project investment is 550,000,000 Yuan. This project shall be planned and designed in a unified way, and shall be carried out by steps in combination with road construction and water works construction. It is planned to complete water supply main trunk ring network project for the central urban area.
l3)Qincun (Tingxia) Reservoir water diversion and supporting water works project 88 This project is an out-of-border water diversion and supporting water works construction project built to meet the need of long-term water supply development for Ningbo City. It mainly considers building Qincun Reservoir within the border of Xinchang and diverting the water source to Tingxi Reservoir with the two reservoirs combined to supply 60X 104m 3/d water resources to Ningbo City. At the same time, it is planned to build 50> 104m3 /d supporting water pi.rification plant near Beidu. This project is planned to be completed in 2015 and will be carried out as early as possible.
.L)Yao River Industrial Water Works and supporting pipe network project
This project is an urban infrastructure project with Yao River water system as water source to supply industrial water to large-sized industrial enterprises in Beilun and Zhenhai districts etc. It is a major measure of unified planning and optimized configuration to sufficiently and reasonably utilize water resources and to ensure city water supply and carry out sustainable development strategy. The main construction contents are: build a 50x 104m3/d industrial water treatment plant, lay large-diameter water conveyance pipe with total length of 75km and supporting auxiliary facilities, and rebuild emergency reserved water sources. YJT[2002]No.765 document issued on December 10 2002 approved the project proposal with total estimated project investment of 821,330,000 Yuan. Phase I project is planned to commence in the second half of 2003 and be put into operation in 2005.
(B)Yindong Industrial Water Works and supporting pipe network project
As Jiangdong Water Works no longer takes water from Yindong River Network which leads to increase of affluent water amount of Yindong River Network to a great extent, this project utilizes raw water of Yindong River Network to build a 25x 104m3/d industrial water works near Dongqian Lake and lay special pipes to supply industrial water to large-sized industrial bases in Beilun. This project is planned to be completed before 2010.
0Beidu Industrial Water Works and supporting pipe network project
According to long-term planning, Ningbo city water supply sources all take water from reservoir. thus Beidu River Network and Fenghua River water system can be used as the raw water for large-scale industrial water works to resolve industrial water for the industrial zones in southwest area in Ningbo City. This project plarns to build a 25 104 m3 /d industrial water works in Beidu and lay special pipes to supply industrial water to the industrial zones in southwest area in Ninigbo City. This project plans to complete the construction of Phase I 15x 104 m3/d industrial water works and to reach the scale of 25 10 4m'/d before 2015. For Ningbo urban water supply development planning, see figure 8. 3.2.7 Nlunicipal drainage and planning
Construction of Ningbo City wastewater discharge pipe network has experienced a course of gradual development and completion It started to lay sewer in 1940s. built rain and sewage separation svstem pipes and selected the site of wastewater treatment plant in 1980s. Particularly after the accumulation of construction over the last ten years, the central urban area has formed the drainage svstem mainly based on separation of rain and sewage. Rainwater is discharged into nearby Sanjlang River and river course, and sewaee is discharged to the wastewater treatment piant already completed or
89 under planning and construction (discharged to rivers in the near term).
By the end of 2003, the total length of wastewater pipe in the central urban area exceeded 1,200km and total discharge of wastewater was approximately 550,000m3/d. Sanjiang area has built 34 various drainage pump stations including 19 sewage pump stations, 6 rain and sewage pump stations and 9 rain water pump stations. The built main wastewater pipes are in Zhongshan Road, Jiefang Road, Renmin Road, Huancheng North Road, Zhongxing Road, Tongtu Road, Century Avenue, and Jiangnan Road etc, basically forming the framework of main drainage pipe system.
At present, the central urban area has three wastewater treatment plants with treatment capacity of 200,000m3 /d. The first one is Jiangdongbei Area Wastewater Secondary Treatment Plant with planned scale of 200,000m3/d and Phase I scale of 50,000m 3/d, and its treatment capacity after expansion has reached l00,00m 3/d. The second one is Xiaogang Wastewater Treatment Plant in Beilun area with treatment capacity of 40,000m3 /d. The third one is Yando Wastewater Treatment Plant in Beilun area with designed scale of 240,000m 3 /d and the treatment capacity of the present Phase I project is 60,000m3/d. In addition, the central urban area has the treatment capacity of 123,000m 3/d provided by enterprise wastewater treatment capacity.
According to the planning of Ningbo City, total wastewater quantity of the central city will be 1,900,000m3/d in 2010, including 1,200,000m 3 /d urban wastewater and 700,OOOm 3/d large scaled industrial wastewater; and total wastewater quantity of the central city will be 2,210,000m3 /d in 2020, including 1,410,000m 3 /d urban wastewater and 800,000 large scaled industrial wastewater.
Urban wastewater is centrally treated by area and the designed scale is controlled based on the long-range plan, and margin is reserved for long-term tertiary treatment. ( Five wastewater treatment plants are provided in Sanjiang area and is divided into five wastewater treatment systems, i.e. Jiangdongnan area, Jiangdongbei area, Zhuangshi, Yinxi and Jiangnan.
2)Zhenhai area is provided with Houhaitang Wastewater Treatment Plant, which is divided into three wastewater treatment systems, i.e. wastewater in Chengguan is collectively treated by Houhaitang Wastewater Treatment Plant, wastewater in petrochemical plant is treated by internal wastewater treatment facilities qf the plant, and wastewater in Xiepu area. is treated by the wastewater treatment system in Petrochemical Zone in Ningbo City.
la)Beilun area is provided with five wastewater treatment plants that are divided into four wastewater treatment systems. The west area is provided with Xiaogang Wastewater Treatment Plant for collective treatment, the central area is provided with Yandong Wastewater Treatment Plant and Yanxi Wastewater Treatment Plant, east area is provided with Baifeng Wastewater Treatment Plant and Daxie area is provided with Daxie Wastewater Plant for collective treatment.
4A.ndustrial wastewater treatment plant is set in combination with industrial zone.
Table 3-24 shows all wastewater treatment plants planned in the central urban area of Ningbo city.
90 Ningbo City Talble 3-24 Scale of the planned wastewater treatment plants in the central urban area of Scale of staged construction Controlled land Remarks
Designed scale (lOOOOm3/d) (hectare) Area Name Service scope (Al0,00OOm/d) ct _ _d_ present 2008 2010 2020
According to the Jiangdongbei Scientific industrial 20 10 5 5 14 planning, urban water Wastewater Treatnent Park, Jiangdongbei area, supply capacity in Jiangbei area, part of reach PlantPlant Haishui area ____ 2020 will 3,000,000il 3/d, of Jiangdongnan area, part liangdongnan Area 27 which domestic and Treatment of Haishu, central area 40 16 24 Wastewater drinking water is Plant of Yinzhou and _2,000,000m'/d Sanjiang area 40 industrial water is part 50 10 10 10 3 Zhuangshi Wastewater North of Yongjiang, 1,000,000 m /d; total Treatment Plant of Zhenhai area wastewater quantity is YniWastewater 2,2w1t0,00rqntid, of West area 35 5 30 25 Treatment Plant which total urban 20 wastewater quantity is Jiangnan Wastewater East of Sanjiang and 25 10 15 1 _ 2,401a0,000nt/d and Treatment Plant Dongqian Lake region 2 3 7 12 wastewater is Zhenhai area Houhaitang Wastewater Zhenhai area 10 wastewatm ids ______Treatmnent plant ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~800,000m'/d. __ _ _ _ Xiaogang Wastewater Xiaogang, economic 4 Plant and technical 4 4 Treatment development zone 6 34 30 Yanxi Wastewater Gaotang area 40 Treatment Plant 12 15 Beilin area Yandong Wastewater Xinqi, Daiqi 24 6 6 Trreatiroent Plant 3 9 Baifeng Wastewater Baifeng, Guoju 12 Treattnent Plant 6 9 10 Daxie Wasiewater DaxiC Island 10-15 Treatm-ent Plant 20 40 40 155 _ totall| ______Note: industrial wastewater treattment plant is not listed in the table. 91 3.3 General situation of quality of life
Since reform and opening to the outside world, with rapid economic development and stable increase of people's living standard, the living standard of urban residents is developing towards the moderately well off society. Investigation shows that in 2003, gross domestic product of the whole city was 176,990,000,00OYuan, 15.3% more than the previous year; total financial revenue was 33,000,000,00OYuan and urban residents' average disposable income reached 14,277Yuan, increasing 10.1% compared with the previous year. Rural residents' average net income was 6,221Yuan, increasing 7.9% compared with the previous.
"'straw ricebag" and "vegetable basket" commodities are in abundant supply and commodity price is 2 basically stable. In 2003 the city demolished, relocated and rebuilt 469,000m non-apartment houses in the three districts and renovated 16 old residential quarters. It built 340,000m2 economic and applicable apartments and allocated low-rent apartments to 504 households and 1,984 households were benefited. 31,000 unemployed people were trained, 130,000 work posts were created and 61,5000 unemployed people were helped to find jobs. Jiangdong Heart Weaving Station has become the most influential informal employment organization in the province. The city's registered unemployment rate at the end of year is 4.0% and the city has been listed as one of the cities with easiest employment in the country. Endowment insurance for the people whose land has been expropriated has initiated. The city has completed the training of work post changing for 25,000 farmers and the employment ability of these farmers has been improved. New system of medical insurance for urban workers has been comprehensively implemented. New rural system of cooperative medical care has started experimental spot. Social security and system is continuously perfected. Aid-the-poor development has obtained new achievement and 100 economically weak villages have taken the road to prosperity.
In the urban area of Ningbo, there are the sound environmental hygiene organizations and teams to achieve the complete collection of domestic wastes. The innocent treatment ratio of domestic wastes reaches 90%. The Fenglin refuse burning power plant has put into operation. The diffusion rate of tap water reaches 100 %. The drinking water sources for Ningbo urban area mainly include Yuyaojiang river and Dongqianhu lake where three water plants(Meilin, Jiangdong and Nanjiao) have been built-up. The water quality of drinking water sources is good and meets the requirement of II class groundwater qdality criteria.
Ningbo is a well-known cultural city with long history. There are -Tianyi-ge"-the longest historical library building, Baoguosi tample which is a wooden structure building of Song dynast, thebirthplace of the "Neolithic Hemudu Culture" showing the matriarchal clan society dating back more than 7,000 years, the memorial site of Yueyao kiln in Shanglinhu lake, Tashanyan dam which is an ancient water resource project with long history, Tiantongshi and Ayuwangsi tamples, as well as the landscape area of Xikou of Fenghua. At present, Ningbo has the 40 hotels for foreign tourists and 17 stared hotels. the total tourist income of the city in 2003 reached 16,410,000,00OYuan, increasing 8.4% compared with the previous year.
92 3.4 Cultural relic protection
Tashan Weir is situated at the outlet of Zhangxi River beside Tashan Mountain in the west head of Yinzhou Town, Yinzhou District and is collectively called, together with Zhengguao Channel, Ling Channel and Dujiang Weirs, Four Major Ancient Chinese Hydro Projects. It is magnificent and precisely architectural with perfect structure. It was published as a national key cultural relic protection unit in 1988 and was chosen as one of the ten scenic sports in Ningbo City in 1994. In ancient times, whenever spring rain period (intermittent drizzles) and autumn rain period (typhoon rain) came, flash flood occurred. The surging flood rushed to endanger common people and crop. Therefore common people in Tang Dynasty built Tashan Weir to drain floods and irrigate crops to change flood into water conservancy.
Since completion, Tashan Weir has played a huge role. Water in the upper reaches is blocked by the weir and flows into Nantang River to irrigate more than 200,000mu farmland in seven townships in west Yinzhou. In flood season, flood in the upper reaches overflows weir surface to Fenghua River and crosses over Yongjiang River to rush down into the sea from Zhenhaikou to mitigate flood situation in west Yinzhou. Site selection of Tashan Weir was rational and its design was scientific, thus it can not only prevent drought and discharge flood, but also adjust water flow into Nantang River. After over one thousand years, the weir body is still basically intact and able to exert the function of draining floods and irrigation.
For specific location of Tashan Weir, refers to figure 2 and 3.
3.5 People's health
The people of Yanjiang basin have good health. Except the usual infectious diseases such as hepatitis, bloody flux and typhoid fever, other local diseases and fulminant infectious diseases can not be found in this region. Based on the statistics by the health and epidemic prevention station of Yanxian county, in the last three years, the annual persons attacked by the above infectious diseases in Zhangshuizhen county is about 80 persons with low morbidity rate.
3.6 Overview of ecological enviroment
3.6.1 Overview of Ningbo ecological environment
Ningbo has rich vegetations with forest coverage up to 36.8% and forest reserves of7.36 million cubic meters. The forest plant is of the typical evergreen broad leaf wood. It has 10 types of.the national protection class II plant including gingko, golden larch and eucommia etc, and 25 types of the national protection class Ill plant including japanese cinnamon and Zhejiangnan. The animal resource is also rich with 950 kinds backkboned animals in which 69 kinds of beasts. 188 kinds of birds, 69 kinds of reptiles, 28 kinds of amphibians and 502 kinds of fishes. There are 9 kinds of the national protection class I animal including pangolin. asian golden cat and clouded leopard and 40 kinds of the national protection class II animal such as cowfish, otter and oriental civet cat etc.
Located on the east end of Ning-Shao plain. Ningbo has the fertile land and is the natural base of
9 a has the developed developing agriculture. With the title of "a land flowing with milk and honey", it province and agriculture, is the major base of grain, cotton, oil and aquatic products of Zhejiang produces a-lot of speciality products such as peach, orange, myrica rubra and Chinese iris. 3.6.2 Overview of ecological environment of Yanzhou district
(1) Soil resource
soil Yanzhou has many types of soil resources. The low mountain and coteau mainly consist of yellow cyanosis and red soil. The plain mainly consist of yellow spot field, cyanosis mud field and etiolated and mud field. The soil in the territory has the extensive horizontal bands, obvious vertical distribution growth of high content of nutrient. The soil texture, structure and character are more suitable for the various crops. The soil can be divided into 5 groups, 13 subgroups, 31 genuses and 58 species.
(2) Vegetation resource
The vegetation in Yinzhou territory is distributed horizontally without obvious latitudinal direction area. difference from sourth to north. The main forest vegetation, massons pine, spread over the whole the The raise crops are almost the same. The sourth area is the normal region for subtropical fruit, is central area is distributed alternatively with subtropical and temperate zone fruits, the north area distributed with the temperate zone deciduous fruits. There are higher differential vegetation along longitude direction from east to west. The east is the coastal area with natural vegetation mainly The including salty wormwood and common reed and raise crops mainly consisting of paddy and cotton. west is the coteau and mountain land with the distribution of massif vegetation.
Vegetation in the area of Jiaokou Reservoir project belongs to mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest belt and forest cover rate is over 65%. Due to frequent human activities, most indigenous The main vegetation has been damaged and most existing forests are artificial forest or secondary forest. etc; main coniferous trees are masson pine, fir, cryptomeria, golden larch, Chinese torreya and cypress red bayberry, evergreen broadleaved trees are oiltea camellia, lotus, camphor tree, holly, citrus, tea, oak, palm etc; deciduous broadleaf free, Liquidambar formosana Hance, sassafras, sinkgo, sawtooth etc; Chinese chestnut, tung tree, Chinese tallow tree, Chinaberry seed, dwarf elm, poplar and willow Rosc, shrub and forest plant are sawtooth oak, Rhododendron simsii Planch, poplar, Zingiber officinale Yangtao Actinidia, wisteria, leatherleaf milletia etc and bamboo is mainly Mao.bamboo.
(3) Wild animal
small wild Due to the more effect from human's activities, the area housing the project only has the be protected. animals accustomed to human's activities, such as mouse, no the wild animals valued to The birds mianly include some aquatic birds on Fenghuajiang river.
(4) Soil and water loss status
wind erosion. The soil and water loss in Yanzhou is mainly caused by water erosion and a certain of areas, there are The major performance of water erosion is the surface erosion of slopes. In some coteau shallow gully erosion and snmLall gully erosion.
94 The total area of soil and water loss in Yanzhou district is 18588ha equal to 13.8% of the district total land area 134560ha and 36.17% of the total coteau and mountain land area with slope over 3 degrees.
In the area of soil and water loss, the slight loss area of 124 14ha equals to 9.2% of the total land area and 66.8% of the total area of soil and water loss; the medium lossarea of 5529ha equals to 4.1% of the total land area and 29.7% of the total area of soil and water loss: the serious loss area of 552ha equals to 0.4% of the total land area and 2.97% of the total area of soil and water loss; the specially serious loss area of 93ha equals to 0.07% of the total land area and 0.5% of the total area of soil and water loss.
The regions with more loss area are mainly distributed in the larger size town in the coteau and mountain land, in which, the Hengjiezhen town has the biggest area of soil and water loss up to 3538ha. Zhangxixiang township has the max. ratio of loss area vs total land area up to 49.76%. There are 6 plain towns (Qiuaizhen, Xiayingzhen, Maoshanzhen, Zhonggongmiaozhen, Gulinzhen and Shiganzhen) without soil and water loss. The region housing the project is of the middle and low mountain land. The rain collection area and dam site of Jiaokou reservoir have the good vegetation protection situation with coverage rate more than 65%. Partial steep slopes have higher erosion level because of the landform, the soil of it succeeds to be the stony sand of mountain land. Other most areas are covered with the typical mountain land soil such as the yellow mud of mountain land and yellow mud. The thicker soil layer makes the soil and water loss slighter. At the dam site, runoff multi-yearly average suspended load sediment transport rate is 1.379kg/s, and sand content of 0.8kg/m3. After considering 20% bed load, the multi-yearly average sediment transport volume at the dam site is 26.93 thousand tons. Therefore, the calculated multi-yearly average sediment transport module will be 204t/km2 -y. Based on the relation between erosion module and sediment transport module, it is got that the soil erosion module within the basin is 440t/km a, that means the region is of slight erosion area.
The main cause of soil and water loss within the project zone is water erosion with the main present of surface erosion. The facilities for soil and water conservation within the project zone consist of coverage of forest and grass and small amount of terrace. There are no other type soil and water conservation facilities. 3.6.3 Investigation and evaluation for the present situation of hydrobiont in this environmental assessment 3.6.3.1 Arrangetnent of station
To know the present.situation of aquatic ecology in the rivers downstream of Jiaokou Reservoir, two sampling points are set up at Jinxi Bridge on Zhangxi River (upstream of Yinjiang River) and the upper reach of Tashan Weir. For specific locations, see figure 3. For higher hydrobiont and fishes, qualitative collection and collection of historical data will be the main basis. 3.6.3.2 Investigation item
Phytoplankton: specific composition, standing stock (cell count per unit water body) and species and quantity of dominate species: Zooplankton: specific composition. standing stock (number of individuals per unit water bods) and ,pecies and quantity of dominate species:
95 Benthic fauna: specific composition, standing stock (density and biomass) and species and quantity of dominant species; Higher hydrophyte: common species;
Fish: structural feature of fish community and development and utilization of commercial fishes. 3.6.3.3 Sample collection, treatment and analysis
Phytoplankton, zooplankton and zoobenthos execute "Field of investigation for lake eutrophication (Edition 2)'. 3.6.3.4 Monitoring result
(1) Phytoplankton
Quantitative monitoring result of phytoplankton is shown in table 3-25. Average cell count of phytoplankton is 157.05x104/L and average biomass is 2.236mg/L. Analyzed from quantity and composition, it is mainly composed of green algae (42.71 %) and blue algae (38.70%); and analyzed from biomass, diatom (85.64%) and green algae (6.71%) are dominant.
After preliminary examination, this water area mainly has 30 species of phytoplankton including 16 species of green algae and 7 species of diatom, sum of which accounts for 76.67% of total species number. Table 3-26 shows the dominant species of phytoplankton. The highest rate of cell count lies in Microsystis flos-aquae,
Tabellariafenestriata,Scenddesmus dimorphus, Closrerium venus and Ankistrodesmusfalcatus, accounting for 27.71 %. 13.62% . 12.86%. 9.36% tl8.02% of total cell count of phytoplankton; sum of the five species is 72.57% of total cell count; the dominant species of biomass of phytoplankton are Tabellariafenestriata,Lvyngbya limnetica, Diatoma vulagare, Navicula radiosa and Penium planum; rate of biomass of Tabellariafenestriatais 50.53% of total quantity.
Table 3-25 Standing stock of phytoplankton at stations downstream of Jiaokou Reservoir Sampling Jinxi Bridge Upstream of Tashan Weir point Standing stock Cell count Biomass Cell count (104/L) Biomass (10 4/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Cyanophyta, Cyan. 60.2 . 0.001 61.4 0.23 Chlorophyta, Chlo. 69.2 0.15 65.0 0.15 Bacillaricphyta, 31.3 2.35 22.3 1.48
_ _ B a ci.______Pyrrophyta, Pyrr. 0.6 0.02 0.6 . 0.02 Euglenophyta, 1.8 0.04 1.8 0.04 E ugl.______Total 163.1 2.56 151.1 1.92
96 Table 3-10 General situation of dominant species of phytoplankton Dominant species in quantity Dominant species in biomass Species Cell count (104/L) Species Biomass (mg/L) Microsvstisflos-aquae 45.1 Tabellariafenestriata 1.13 Tabellariafenestriata 21.4 Lyngbya limnetica 0.11 Scenddesmus 20.2 Diatoma vulagare 0.09 dimorphus Closterium venus 14.7 Navicula radiosa 0.05 Ankistrodesmus 12.6 Navicula radiosa 0.04 falcatus (2) Zooplankton Table 3-27 shows the quantitative monitoring result of zooplankton. Average number of individuals of zooplankton is 1,955.7/L and average biomass is 3.717mg/L. Standing stock of zooplankton in the upper reaches is significantly more than that in the lower reaches. The number of zooplankton is mainly composed of protozoan (51.13%) and rotifer (46-7%). In terms of biomass, rotifer is absolutely dominant and is 82.7% of total biomass of zooplankton.
Table 3-27 Standing stock of zooplankton at stations downstream of Jiaokou Reservoir (unit:
quantity: /L, biomass: mg/L)
Protozoa Rotifer Cop oda Cladocerans Total l______Quantity-| Biomass Quantity Biomass Quantity Biomass Quantity Biomass Quantity Biomass I Jinxi 1000 | 0.036 1760 5.9923 32 0.407 21.4 0.1448 Bridge 2813.4 6.9725 Upstream 1000 0.037 65 0.1547 33 0.270 0 0 of Tashan Weir l 1098.0 0.4617
After preliminary examination, this water area has 33 species of zooplankton including 10 species of protozoa, 15 species of rotifers, 5 species of cladocerans and 3 species of copepoda. The dominant species of zooplankton in quantity and biomass is Brachionus diversicornis, Trichocerca longiseta and Brachionus calyciflorus (see table 3-12). Besides the dominant species listed in table 3-12, other common species are Trichocerca elongata, Ascomorpha saltans, Filinja longiseta, Aspplanchna . sp, Keratella cochlearis, Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum, Moina macrocopa, Sinocalanus sp. And Mvlesocyclops leuckarti etc.
Table 3-12 General situation of dominant species of zoopi.ankton Dominant species in quantity Dominant species in biomass Species Quantity Species | Biorniass ( /L) | (mg/L) Brachionus 513 Brachionus diversicornis 2.563 diversicornis Trichocerca longiseta 276 Brachionus calyciflorus 0.313 Brachionzus calvciflorus I 63 Trichocerca lonzgiseta 0.110
(3) Zoobenthos
97 The river section near the two sampling points of Zhangxi Jinxi Bridge and Tashan Weir are usually gravel and coarse sand substratum and zoobenthos is very scanty. Due to blockage of weir dam in rivers near Tashan Weir, a certain area of dermarsal sediments exists. Zoobenthos is mainly composed of 2 oligosaccharide annelida. Number of individuals for Oligosaccharide is 1,305.6/M on average and biomass is 0.263gm 2 . Other river sections mainly have some species adaptive to the life of mountainous stream. Common species are aquatic insects Epeofis curvatalus, Thermicns sp, Psephenidae, Culicielae and snails Ballamya aeruginosa, Semisulcospira cancellata and Radix swinhoei etc. In addition, some small crustacean are distributed in the upper stream sections: Caridina denticulate, Rana nigomaculata, Natxix natrix, and in the river sections in the middle and lower reaches are big economic crustacean Macrobrachium nipponensis and Eriochair sinensis.
(4) Aquatic higher plant
Due to excessive gravel and coarse sand substratum near Zhangxi Jinxi Bridge, aquatic higher plant is very scanty. The river sections near Tashan Weir have relatively pure submergent plant community 2 Vallisneria spiralis and average biomass is 4.6kg/M . On the two banks are such common species: Alternanthera philoxeroidesw, Lemna. Paucicostata,Potamogeton maackianus. (5) Fish
Yinjiang is the branch in the upper reaches of Yongjiang Water system. According to data accumulated in the last 20 years, Yinjiang has 44 species of fishes and ichthyofauna composition belongs to intermediate type gradually moving from Jianghuai subregion in East China region to Zhemin subregion in South China region. The main commercial fishes are silver carp, bighead carp, grass carp, carp, crucian carp, eel, rice field eel, catfish, white fish etc. Other common fishes are opsariichthys bidens, stone moroko, Abbottina rivularus, loach, snakehead mullet, goby etc.
In the scope of this evaluation, the river section (Zhangxi River) upstream of Tashan Weir in Yinjiang is flashy stream with short source and rapid flow. Investigation shows that there is no migratory fish and fish spawning site, and only such small fishes as acrossocheilus, Chinese spined loach, goby, bitterling and stone moroko are found, thus fish resource of some economic value is not formed.
3.6.3.5 Evaluation of present situation of hydrobiont
The present situation investigation and monitoring result of aquatic ecology indicates the resource of hydrobiont in the section from Yinjiang Jiaokou River to Tashan Weir is scanty and there are no rare and precious aquatic plants and animals nor migratory fish and fish spawning site, thus fish resource of some economic value is not formed.
Affected by drainage from Jiaokou Reservoir, the characteristic of plankton community in the investigated river sections (Zhangxi River) upstream of Yinjing River is similar with Jiaokou Reservoir. As river water is often in the flowing condition, water body translucent and standing stock of plankton is low Table 3-29 shows the structural index of zooplankton anderrantia community of the investigated water area, where:
Calculation equation for composite index of phytoplankton is: Z=( blue algae+green algae+ Centricae diatom+ 98 euglenophyta)number of species/number of desmid species;
Calculation equation for zooplankton index (Kakkeri, 1978) is D=E/O (E-eutrophy species, 0-poor-nutrition species);
Calculation for abundance (Margalif, 1958) d = s-1/logN (s-number of biospecies in sample, N-total number of bion in sample);
Biological diversity index is DI =- p, Inp, ...... =1=
where DI-diversity index; Pi-existence of i genus plankton, Pi=Ni/N. Ni is the quantity of I genus plankton and N is the quantity of all planktons; s-genus number of plankton.
Table 3-29 Structural index of plankton community in Yinjiang River
Tashan Weir Jinxi Bridge Phytoplankton Zooplankton Phytoplankton zooplankton Composite index of 3.667 / 3.333 / phytoplankton (Z) / 2.000 / 2.500 Zooplankton index (E) Shannon-Wiever index (D) 1.926 1.474 2.340 1.695
Note: Z and E in 1- 5 is medium- eutrophy level, greater than 5 is extreme eutrophy level. D is light pollution for 2-3 and moderate pollution for 1-2.
It can be known from composite index of phytoplankton and index of zooplankton, that Zhangxi River in the upper reaches of Yinjiang River is in medium-upper eutrophy level, and it can be calculated from Shannon-Wiever index, that incoming water from the upper reaches incurs organic pollution to some extent.
As water exchange in the upper reaches of Yinjiang is great and water body is highly transparent, there is a certain area of submergent plant (wild celery) community, which is conducive to optimization of water body envirnment and enrichment of fishes and zoobenthos resources.
3.7 General situation of pollution sources
3.7.1 Pollution situation in the upper reaches of Jiaokou Reservoir
Due to inconvenient traffic, development of reservoir area and catchment area of Zhougongzhai Reservoir is relatively backward and industrial base is relatively weak. At present, the industry is mainly bamboo and wood byproduct processing industry. Discharge of wastewater is low and sparsely distributed and is not regarded as pollution source.
Presently in Zhougongzhai Reservoir valley, there is a population of 32.000 people, 20,000mu farmland, 29,000 pigs, 960 cattle and 5,700 sheep. The main pollution source is village life, animal husbandrv and farmland surface source pollution.
According to investigation conducted by Ningbo environmental protection department, rural 99 population discharge CODcrl28g/d and BOD5 88g/d on average, pigs discharge CODcrl80g/d (each) and
BOD5 150g/d (each), cattle discharge CODcr3617g/d (each) and BOD5675.8g/d (each); sheep discharge CODcr24g/d (each) and BOD512g/d (each). As rural animal and human excreta is mainly used to fertilize farmland and domestic wastes are often used as compost, if 15% domestic wastes and 10% animal husbandry pollutants flow into the environment, the discharge of rural domestic and animal
husbandry pollutants in Zhougongzhai River valley will be CODcrl497.lkg/d and BOD5 929kgd.
After completion of the reservoir, 2,314 people will migrate to other places and the discharge of domestic and animal husbandry pollutants from catchment area into the reservoir will be
CODcrl452.7kg/d and BOD 5898.5kg/d. See table3-30 for details of discharge of rural domestic and animal husbandry pollutants in catchment area of Zhougongzhai Reservoir.
Table3-30 Total discharge of rural domestic and animal husbandry pollutants into the
environment (unit: kg/d) ollu-0-11Iution source Person Pollutant Present Completed Pig Cattle Sheep CODcr 614.4 570 522 347 13.7
BOD5 422.4 391.9 435 64.8 6.8
In addition, nitrogen and phosphorus in domestic wastewater, farmland and soil flow into water body with mud and sand and water and are the major source of nitrogen and phosphorus in water body of the reservoir. Table 3-31 shows the discharge rate of nitrogen and phosphorus by human and various livestock and poultry. If 10% is discharged into water body, the nutritive materials brought into the reservoir by human and livestock in the upper reaches of Zhougongzhai Reservoir is lisied in table 3-32
Table 3-31 Discharge rate of nutritive material nitrogen and phosphorus by human, livestock
and poultry (unit: g/d) Item Human Pipe Cattle Sheep TN 8 30 100 20 TP 1 10 30 3
Table 3-16 Quantity of human, livestock and poultry nutritive materials into reservoir
(unit: t/a) Item Human i Pig Cattle Sheep Total TN 9.34 31.76 3.5 4.16 48.76 TP 1.17 10.6 1.05 0.62 13.44
Annual sediment discharge at dam site of Zhougongzhai Reservoir is 26,750x and erosion soil is mainly yellow soil genus, pink soil genus, stone sand soil genus, mountain land yellow genus and mountain land sand and soil genus. Total average nitrogen content is 0.13% and total phosphorus is 0.021%. With reservoir submersion in the valley deducted, there is still 19,700mu farmland- If a mu uses 123kg standard nitrogen fertilizer and standard phosphate fertilizer, then use of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer in catchment in the upper reaches of the reservoir is 2,423t and 689.5t respectively.
100 According to equation of soil nutrition loss E=aSN.P+bcdFN.P
Where: E-predicted total quantity of soil-contained nitrogen and phosphorus into reservoir;
a-consumption coefficient of nitrogen and phosphorus along its route;
b-average content of nitrogen and phosphorus in fertilizer; c-nitrogen and phosphorus utilization by crops; d-loss rate of fertilizer after entering soil and water body;
FN.P-total quantity of used fertilizer; SN.P-total quantity of soil-contained total nitrogen and phosphorus into water body
After calculation, it is concluded that total nitrogen and total phosphorus entering into reservoir with silt flow are 123.94t and 4.55t respectively. 3.7.2 Pollution source between dam of Zhougongzhai Reservoir and Jiaokou Reservoir
The river section from the dam of Zhougongzhai Reservoir to Jiaokou Reservoir is 15km and sectional area is 37km2 . In the section there is a population of 8,077 people and 3,527mu farmland. According to data provided by Yinzhou District Environmental Protection Bureau, the major pollution sources are Yin county Siming Food Factory and Yin County Chunyu Food Factory. For their discharge of wastewater, refer to table 3-33.
The present population in the section from the dam of Zhougongzhai Reservoir to Jiaokou Reservoir is 8,077 people and, after estimation, COD discharged into river course with domestic wastewater in the section is 56,604kg/a.
Table 3-33 Dischage of pollution sources in the river section from the dam of Zhougongzhai.
Reservoir to Jiaokou Reservoir
Water Water Discharge Name of factory consumptior discharge COD discharge position Remarks ______t/a j tla K gVa ______Yin County Chunyu Food Factory 1800 1500 600 Xiaojiao Annual workdays are 3C Yin County Siming Food Factory 1800 . 1500 600 Tongjia days (March, April Total 3600 3000 1200 . 3.7.3 Pollution sources in the lower reaches of Jiaokou Reservoir
Between the outlet of Jiaokou Reservoir and Tashan Weir in the lower reaches there is a population of 16.000 people According to data provided by Yinzhou District Environmental Protection Bureau, the main industrial pollution sources are Jinlei Food Factory, Zhangxing Frozen Food Factory, Shunxing Food Factory etc. For their discharge of wastewater, refer to table 3-34.
The population from the outlet of Jiaokou Reservoir to downstream Tashan Weir is 16,000 people and discharge of domestic water is 2,400 t/d. Assuming that 70% wastewater is discharged into river course, then COD discharge from domestic pollution source will be 306kg/d.
101 Table 3-34 Discharge of pollution sources in the river section from the dam of Zhougongzhai
Reservoir to Jiaokou Reservoir
Water Water COD Phenol Name of factory consumption discharge discharge discharge posibon Remarks t/a t/a Kg/a Kg/a Jinlei Food Factory 8000 5000 2000 7hangxi Rive Zhangxing Frozen Food 30000 20000 8000 lhangxi Rive F actory______Shunxing Food Factory 15000 12000 4800 ltangxi Rive Wuzhouxing Group 400000 360000 36000 7hangxi Rive Moved out by the Ningbo Shunfa Synthetic 2700 2700 12 angxi Rive end of December Material Co. 2004 Total 4500 4200 600 12
3.8 Present situation of regional environmental quality
3.8.1 Present situation of atmospheric environmental quality in the assessed area
According to Ningbo City environmental air quality function division, the region where this project is located belongs to Class II function area and executes Grade 2 standard of GB3095-1996 "Ambient air quality standard". According to "Ningbo City Environmental Quality Report 2003" by Ningo Environmental Protection Bureau, four conventional air monitoring points are set in the urban area of Ningbo City (including Yinzhou District), three of which are acid rain monitoring points to conduct routine monitoring for air S02, N02, PM10, dustfall and acid rain. See table 3-35 for monitoring result in 2003.
Table 3-35 Statistics of monitoring results of local air quality Number of effective daily Max. daily Average of Annual Item average value average vaule Average value Over limit average value in the whole (mg/m ) . index Accepted class
First 360 0.104 0.039 0 0.65 quarter aSecaonnerd 364 0.092 0.035 .0 . 0.58 uarter SO.t rhird 368 0.117 0.034 0 0.57 Class 11 quarter ourth 368 0.131 0.055 0 I 0.92 ~uarter ._ _ _ _ _ Whole year 1460 0.131 0.041 0 0.68 - lFirst 360 0.162 0.068 5.3 0.85 quarter Second 364 0.120 0.048 0 0.60 quarter INO. Third 368 0.112 0.048 0 0.60 Class 11 quarter l Fourth 368 0.178 0.068 4.9 0.85
_2.5_ _ _ l I__ _ Whole year 1460 T 0-178 L 0.058 ,| 0.73 102 First 360 0.256 | 0.094 13.9 0.94
.auarter ______Second 364 0.182 0.067 2.7 0.67 quarter __. MIO Third Class II ~ quarTeird 368 0.124 0.049 0 0.49 quarter Fourth 368 0.255 0.100 18.2 1.0
quarter ______Whole year 1460 0.256 0.078 8.7 0.78 First T 12'' 7.982' 4.95 0 0.62 quarter Second 10' 8.192' 5.01 10.0 0.63 quarter Dustfall* Third 8,412 550 16.7 0.62 Accepted quarter Fourth 12' 7.82 4.92 0 0.69
Whole year 46' 8.412 5.02 6.5 0.63 65 4.32 Acid rain Acid rain (Number of 3.64 ( yearly frequency V I samples) (Min pH) average pH) 91.5%
Note: I) Number of effective monthly average value; 2) Max. monthly average value; 3) Unit of dustfall: t/month. kM2, standard value defined by Zhejiang province is 8t/month. km2.
The monitoring results show that Ningbo's urban area has good overall air quality meeting the requirements of class II air quality in function area defined in accordance with "air environment quality standard "(GB3095-1996). With high frequency of acid rain, the monitored region is of serious acid rain area. 3.8.2 Present situation of water environmental quality in the assessed area
3.8.2.1 Water system of Yongjiang river
(1) Water quality of Fenghtiajiang, Yaojiang and Yongjiang rivers
The Yongjiang water system consists of the main stream of Yongjiang river and two Class I branches from Yaojiang river and Fenghuajiang river. Many conventional monitoring stations -in Yongjiang water system has been installed to monitor the river reaches with total length of 216.5km and provide plenty of and detailed water quality data. Therefore, during this evaluation, it is no need to perform the water quality monitoring of Yongjiang and Fenghuajiang rivers. The evaluation utilized the last two years conventional water quality monitoring data provided by Fanshidu and Chenlangyan stations of Fenghuajiang river, Qinglindu station of Yuyaojiang river and Sanjiangkou station of Yongjiang river to analyze the water environment status. For location of each monitoring station, refer to attached figure 1.
The evaluation has the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB3838-2002) adopted as the evaluation standard, in which the water quality control targets of Fanshidu and Qinglindu sections are Class III and the water qualitv control targets of other four sections are Class IV. The evaluation method is the index method of sinale evaluation criteria. For the results of water quality monitoring and evaluation, refer to Table 3-36.3-37.3-38.
103 Table3-36 Water quality of Fenghuajiang, Yaojiang and Yongjiang rivers in 2001 sncH exavalent total Ammonia reiHgLad idmiur Oil hohrs Monitored __Monitorin DO_ CODM, 0D 5 ___Cyanide I__ section date pH mg/L mg/L mg°L nitrogen Cynd.i,L chrome t L ,A mng/L phosphoru Level 7.07 4.52 4.5 2.59 0.658 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.04 0.193 period ______Pollution 0.04 0.75 0.65 0.658 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.8 0.97 _ _ _ inde y, ______Water I quality / I\ ' 1 I I T II I1 1 1 1 I I class Multipleo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 over limit Highodte 6.93 3.74 4.13 2.52 0.438 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.136 0.217 Pollution 0.07 0.68 0.63 0.438 NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.72 1.09 index__ _ _ Water quality / V II I I V IV Fanshidu class uptie ol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.72 0.09 or liv miti I _ I__ _ I__ pLowerrod7.11 5.41 3.38 2.11 0.509 2 4 ).02 2 1.75 0.05 0.153 0.235
Pollution 0.06.57 0.53 0.509 0.001 .02 1.002 0.04 :.04 0.01 3.06 1.18 index 00 Water quality _ _l _ 111 1 1 _1 I _ pI1 IV class Multiple ol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.06 0.18 over limiti Yearly 7.04 4.56 4.00 2.41 0.535 0.110 0.215 average Water quality / IV 11 I III IV I! class Level 7.65 3.45 7.00 5.50 0.986 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.073 0.246 pefiod Pollution 0.33 0.70 0:92 . 0.66 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.146 0.82 index___ Water quality I IV IV IV III I I I I I I IV IV class Multiple o 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 over limit pighwodte 7.17 3.33 5.73 4.89 1.000 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.286 0.210 Pollution 0.09 0.57 0.82 0.67 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.572 0 70 i ndex Water quality /III I IlI I I I I I I IV IR
Chenlan-yan ls _ Multiple ol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 over limit _ 0 0 0 Low-water 7.72 3.43 4.76 4.32 0.928 2 4 D.02 2 1.13 0.05 0°195 0.161 period I Pollution 0.36 0.48 0.72 0.62 0.001 .04 D02 0.04 .02 001 0390 0.54 Water I qualis-li IV III R' III I I I I I I I I
|{MuIipIe of~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 | 0 | over limi I L - I - 0 Y|early 7.51 340 5.83 4.90 0971 | 0Il85 0206 I ! ~~averalge quallt I - IIIIl1 I IIl 1 1 1class' ! _ _ _ 1 ______104 pH 0D ~~~~~Ammoniasei gexavalent addt Olposphru lMonitored Monitrin HDO COJ)m-0D 1 5 Amogni Cyanide rn Hg chrome Pead idn-um Oi phosphors section date mgLmg/L mg/L mirgen pgIL Lig/L 1g/L g/ / m/
LEepid7.53 993 14.42 4.76 0.476 <0.004 <7 <0.05 <4 - <0.10 251 0.078 7.42 6.35 6.2 0.304 <0.004 <7 <0.05 <4 <0.10 25 0.113
pr-wW 7.26 6.99 4.12 2.92 0.469 <0.004 <7 <0.05 <4 <0.10 25 0.065
Qinglindu 7.40 7.76 4.91 4.08 0.42 <0.004 <7 <0.05 <4 <0.10 25 0.085 7olto.40 7.76 4.9 4.8 042 43_ Pindeot 0.20 0.38 0.82 1.02 0.42 0.01 0.07 0.25 0.04 0.01 0.50 0.43 Water quality I I III IV II I I I I I _II class _ _ _ _ _ Level 7.66 3.26 5.92 3.52 1.083 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.302 0.195 period __ __ Pollution 0.33 3.26 0.592 0.587 0722 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.604 0.650 index 0.33 3.26 0.592 0.5 0.722 N A NA NA NA NA Water quality I I v I III rvIV Ir r I I v III class I Multiplieol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 over limiit igh- water 7.23 3.38 5.48 3.75 1.178 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.342 0.139 peniod I_I_I Fansh |Pollution 0.12 3.38 0.548 0.6251 0.785 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.684 0.463 index Water quality I Iv III III 1V I I I I I . v III Sajing ou class I__I___ __I Moultipleo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 over limit I I Low-water 7.47 3.41 4.37 3.91 1.032 2 4 .02 2 1.44 0.05 0.150 0.130 _period -- _ Pollution 0.24 3.41 0.437 0.6501 0.688 0.01 .04 .02 0.04 .-029 0.01 0.300 0.433 index ___ _ _ Water quality I IV 111 III Iv I I I I I I IV III class I______I_ _ _ Multiple o 0 0 100 050 0 0 0 0 0 over limfit I__ "Yea7ly 5 3.35' 5.26 3.72 1.10 0.26 0.15 average -- Water quality / l' I III IV IV III class ______
Table3-37 Water quality of Fenghuajiang, Yaojiang and Yongjiang river in 2002 Amonia ea n oa Monitored Monitoring DO COD,, BOD5 iroe Cyanide H Lead Cadn.uum eAavseniccrmphosphru section date mg/L m/L mgl.mgf/I. 1g/L vW pg/ V/ rseni chrome phophru Fanshidu Lel 5.01 4.22 3.65 0.4 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.137 Pollution 0.70 0.91 0.4 I / / I I0.69 index ______IWater quality II II H I / I / I I I class ______MultYpe of 0 0 0 / . /0 over irruit _ _ _ I__ i ~ High-water 4.92 3.77 2.79 0.96 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.162
Pollutio 0.63 0.69 0.96 / / / / / / 0.81 Water quality 11 I~ I I class _ _ _4_ _ _ _ Multipleo0 0 0 0 / / /0 _ _ _ _ ~over linuit_ _
105 sectioni Monitoring DO CODM, BOD, Aremonia Cyanide H Lead Cadmium Arsenic chrme phosphorust secn datemg/L mg/L mg/L mgL /lg/L Low-water 5.85 4.24 3.62 0.58 0.002 0. 02 0.003 0. 07 0.003 0.002 0.178 Pollution 0.71 0.91 0.58 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.07 0.06 0.2 0.89 index ___ Water quality 111 _ _ III I 1 1 III class Multiple of _ O O O O O O O O O over limit0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 Yearly 5.26 4.08 3.35 0.65 0.002 0. 02 0.003 0. 07 0.003 0.002 0.159 -W-ater quality III III m]I I I I I I I III class ______oed 3.83 5.91 5.58 0.65 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.172 Po 5ution 0.99 1.395 0.65 / / / 0.86 index ______quality IV III IV IV / / / class ______Multiple of 0 0.395 0 /-/ I I / / 0 over limit ______High-water 4.38 4.44 3.82 1.16 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.225
llution 0.74 0.96 1.16 / / / / / .1.13 index ______quality IV III III IV / / / IV
Chenl ngyar class ______Chenlangyan Multi le of 0 0 0.16 / / / / / I 0.13 v~er'int owe-water 2.97 6.18 6.91 1.1 0.003 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.005 0.002 0.177 nution 1.03 1.73 1.1 0.6 0.6 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.2 0.89 index______quality V IV V IV I I I I I I III class ______MultiPleotf 0.03 0.73 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 over 3 mit ______3.73 5.51 5.43 0.97 0.003 0.03 0.002 0.05 0.005 0.002 0.201
quality IV III IV m I I I I I I Nv ______class _ _ 6.77 4.54 4.26 0.39 NA NA NA NA 0.005 NA 0.108
iPg -wadter 5.24 5.61 4.76 0.85 NA NA NA NA NA .NA 0.141 Low-water 9.34 3.83 1.94 0.25 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.11 0.004 0.002 0.08 pe eriod ______Qinglindu Yearly 7.11 4.66 3.65 0.5 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.11 0.004 0.002 0.11 4 P~~-oTFution .. _ index
quality _I III II I 11 I I I III class __ 4 yevel 3.67 6.54 4.81 0.82 NA. NA NA NA NA NA 0.176
pher 4.12 4.74 3.09 0.97 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.27 Low-water 4.93 4.93 5.04 0.91 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.06 0.003 0.002 0.16 Sanjianggu eT 4.24 5.4 4.32 0.9 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.06 0.003 0.002 0.202
index _ _ I . quality IR III R1I II I I l I I\ , ______t class
106 Table 3-38 Water quality of Fenghuajiang, Yaojiang and Yongjiang rivers in 2003
Monitored Monitoring DO CODM, IOD, Ammonia Cyanide rsenic Hg exava Lead Cadmium mgiL nirogen pg/L pg/L pg/L crme pg/L pg/L section date pH mglL | mg/L m 'Lg/L
Levenl 4.58 5.74 4.12 1.05 0.002 0.02 0.001 0.05 0.002 0.003 0.264 period__ __ Pollution 0.97 1.03 1.05 0.01 0.2 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.06 1.32 index . Water IV I IV RI I I, I I IV
quality class ______Multiple of 0 0.03 0.05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.32 over limit . High-water 4.67 6.62 4.85 1.05 0.002 0.02 0.001 0.06 0.003 0.002 0.223 period Pollution 1.10 1.21 1.05 0.01 0.2 0.02 0.012 0.06 0.04 1.12 index I_
Water IV IV IV IV I I I I I I IV Fanshidu quait_cas FMulipetof u 0 0.21 0.05 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0.12 over limit. Low-water period 5 7.9 7.07 0.98 0.002 0.02 0.002 0.05 0.003 0.002 0.269 polluion Pollution 1.32 1.77 0.98 0.01 0.2 0.04 0.01 0.06 0.04 1.35 index ._ Water III lV IV II I I I I I I IV quality class _ Multiple of 0.77 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.35 over lintut Yearly 4.76 6.77 5.41 1.03 0.002 0.02 0.002 0.05 0.003 0.002 0.252 average Water quality class v IV TV IV I I I I I I _
Chenlangyan Level 3.46 5.85 5.04 1.15 0.002 0.02 0.003 0.07 0.003 0.003 0.193 peliod Pollution 0.59 0.84 0.77 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.014 0.03 0.06 0.64 index Water I I I I I III uaiycas IV III [V IV ____ J ~~quality class .__ .___ Multiple of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 over limit 0 0 High-water 3.49 7.88 6.39 1.29 0.002 0.02 0.001 0.21 0.005 0.002 0.247 'period ______Pollution index 0.79 1.07 0 86 0.01 0.2 0.02- 0.042 0.05 0.04 0.82
Water quality class I_ I|vi' II X
Mulotple o 0 0.07 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.13 ) ~~~overlimit _ 1
Low-water 1 3.56 7.64 1 7.56 1.18 0.002 0.02 0.003 0.05 0.005 0.002 0.27 period 3 7 7 18 0.0
Pollution [ 0.76 1.26 0.79 0.01 0.2 0.06 0.01 0.05 0.04 09 index Water 1I quality class
i Multiple of | _ _0 - 0.26 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 | ~~~overlirnut i i i
eay 3.51 1 3 6.33 11 1 0002 0.02 0.002 01 02 0.237
107 ______- ~~~~~Ammuonia lexavalent Monitored Monitoring pH DO CODMl IOD5 nitrogen Cyanide rsenic Hg chrome Lead Cadmium section date mg/L mg/L mg/L pg/L pg/L pg/L pg/L pg/L ___ - pg/I. pg/ pg/L pg/Img. Water R' IV V 1 I l I quahity class _ _ _ .______Levepfid 6.60 4.60 3.50 0.90 0.002 0.02 0.002 0.13 0.003 0.002 0.119 High-water 6.13 5.54 2.93 0.86 0.002 0.02 0.001 0.05 0.003 0.002 0.098 period I_I_I_I _I ___j!ELt 7.95 4.43 3.43 0.9 0.002 0.02 0.002 0.13 0.003 0.002 0.062 Qinglindu Yeadymuyge 6.89 4.85 3.29 0.89 0.002 0.02 0.002 0.1 0.003 0.002 0.093 Pollution 0.81 0.82 0.89 0.01 0.2 0.04 0.02 0.06 0.04 0.47
index __ Water quality class I _1 Level 4.02 5.85 4.80 1.27 0.002 0.02 0.002 0.15 0.003 0.002 0.211 period ____ High-water 3.6 7.1 5.82 1.3 0.002 0.02 0.001 0.19 0.005 0.002 0.26 period ____ Low-water 3.89 7.54 6.47 1.12. 0.002 0.02 0.002 0.08 0.005 0.002 0.285
Sanjiangkou Yearly ____ SYeenarldy3.86 6.80 5.68 1.22 0.002 0.02 0.002 0.14 0.004 0.002 0.252 average Pollutio°n 0.68 0.95 0.81 0.01 0.2 0.04 0.028 0.04 0.04 0.84 index I___I__I Water I I RI IV I I I I I I IV
__ __quality class _" I j I _~III I
It can be known from the m6nitoring data in the last three years, that water quality of the Fanshidu cross-section of Fenghu River in 2001 reached Class IV standard of GB3838-2002 "Environmental quality standard for surface water" and the main standard-exceeding indices are DO, petroleum and total phosphorus. It tended to change better in 2002 and all indices met Class III water quality requirement of GB3838-2002. But in 2003 water quality in different stages exceeded standard to different extents and total water quality was Class IV. Except BOD5 exceeded standard slightly in 2001, other indices of Qinglindu Section of Yaojiang River met Class III water quality requirement of GB3838-2002. Except were up to standard BOD5 exceeded standard in 2003, other indices of Chenglang Weir of Fenghua River in different years. Water quality of Sanjiangkou of Yongjiang River meet the Class IV water standard required by the plan and has not exceeded standard in all stages.
(2) Water quality of tributary streams of Fenghuajiang river
The evaluation utilized the 2002 ,2003 conventional water quality monitoring data provided by Jiaokou reservoir outlet station and Liangqiao station of Yanjiang river, Jiangkou station of Yanjiang river, Changting station of Xianjiang river and Xiwu station of Dongjiang river to analyze the water environment status. For location of each monitoring station, refer to attached figure 1.
The evaluation has the "Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard" (GB3838-2002) adopted as the evaluation standard, in which the water quality control target of Jiaokou reservoir outlet section is Class 1. the water quality control target of Lianyqiao section is Class III and the water quality control targets of Jiangkou and Xiwu sections are Class IV The evaluation method is the index method of single evaluation criteria. For the results of water quality monitoring and evaluation, refer to Table3-39,3-40.
J0s Table 3-39 Result of conventional water quality monitoring of tributary streams of
Fenghuajiang river in 2002 Ammnonia exavalent total iMonitored onitorinn DO ODM, BOD5 Aro Cyanide Hg Lead Cadmium Arsenic cxrome poshr section date mg/L mg/L mg/L nirgen pg/L p g/L p g/L pg/L pg/L chrome phosphorus
evel period 7.45 3.62 2.19 0.26 / / / / / / 0.068
iigh-water 6.56 2.19 1.12 / = - - / / 0.072 period_ ow-water 7.14 3.08 2.25 0.41 0.002 0.02 0.003 0. 25 0.004 0.002 0.072
Jiangkou Yearly 7.05 2.96 1.85 0.31 0.002 0.02 0.003 0.25 0.004 0.002 0.07 averageI Pollution 0.49 0.46 0.31 0.01 0.20 0.06 0.05 0.08 0.04 0.35 index Water quality 11 11 I II I I I I I I 1I ______class evel period 3.99 3.31 1.22 0.48 _ 0.099 iigh-water 5.1 2.33 1.12 = _ _ / = 0.091 period 1 pow-waer 4.09 3.25 1.45 0.89 0.002 0.09 0.002 0-25 0.004 0.002 0.051
Changting Yearly 4.39 2.96 1.26 0.61 0.002 0.09 0.002 0.25 0.004 0.002 0.08 average I____I_ Pollution 0.30 0.21 0.41 0.01 0.9 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.27 index ______Water1 qculalsity [V 11 I III I III I I I I/ I ______class / evel period 5.47 4 3.15 0.21 . 0.063 periodater 6.35 1.98 1.07 / / / / 0 053
period 5.39 3.9 3.03 0.44 0.002 0.02 0.005 0.25 0.004 0.002 0.068
Xiwu Yearly 5.73 3.29 2.42 0.29 0.002 0.02 0.005 0.25 0.004 0.002 0.061 average ___ I___ .Pollnudtioxn 0.55 0.61 0.29 0.01 0.20 0.1 0.05 0.08 0.04 0.31 index______Water quality II II I II I IIIII class ______eveil period 8.75 1.47 0.79 0.95 0.002 0.02 0.005 0. 5 0.004 0.002 0.02 iigh-water 6.36 1.77 0.59 0.12 0.027 period ____ Outletofw-wter 9.49 1.56 0.82 0.06 0.002 0.02 0.005 0.05 0.004 0.002 0.016 IOutlet of period ___ reservoir Yearly 8.2 1.6 0.73 0.37 0.002 0.02 0.005 0.05 0.004 0.002 0.021 Pollution inllutexn i 0.8 0.24 2.47 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.08 0.2 1 05 Water1
class I I 11 I I 1 1 1 .1 1 _evel perloa 6.42 3.23 1.6 2.17 0.002 0.02 0.005 0.5 0.004 0.002 i I I -ugyh-water| 621 2.25 1.02 0.19 0 0 0 0 117 Low-water 8.26 4.13 3.13 0.33 0.002 0.02 0.005 0.5 0.004 0.002 0.057
_period__ __ Lian'qiac 'teary 6e96 3.2 1.92 0.89 0.002 0.02 0 005 0.5 0.004 0.002 0 095
F'ollunon | 08 | 0.64I 0.89 004 04 0.5 0! 0.08 0.04 095
109 qualilxIll Ii ii I {0.08~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Table 3-40 Result of conventional water quality monitoring of tributary streams of
Fenghuajiang river in 2003 Ammonia exavalent total Monitored donitoring DO OD,,, BOD5 nitrogen Cyanide Hg Lead Cadmium Arsenic chrome phosphonis section date mg/L mg/L mg/L g pgnL pgL pg/L pg/L pg/L pg/L mg/L Level period 6.62 4.29 2.48 0.40 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.075 period High- water 5.76 3.36 2.65 0.65 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.079 period I_ ,ow-water 6.65 4.39 2.73 0.48 0.002 0.03 0.002 0.04 0.004 0.002 0.091 Jiangkou Ypenrod Yearly 6.34 4.01 2.62 0.52 0.002 0.03 0.002 0.04 0.004 0.002 0.082 average ______Polndexon 0.67 0.66 0.52 0.01 0.3 0.04 0.0008 0.08 0.04 0.41
Water quality class .__
Lervield 4.13 4.23 2.53 0.89 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.091
High- 3.6 3.39 3.36 0.8 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.144 ater period Low- 3.91 4.52 3.61 0.62 0.002 0.03 0.002 0.04 0.004 0.002 0.114 C .hangtingater period Yearly 3.88 4.04 3.16 0.80 0.002 0.03 0.002 0.04 0.004 0.002 0.116 average Pollution 0.4 0.79 0.53 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.0008 0.04 0.04 0.39 index__ _ _ Water quality IV III III III I I I I I I 111 class evel period 6.08 4.34 3.02 0.40 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.080 igh-water 5.31 3.8 3.13 0.65 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.101 period ,ow-water 5.37 4.52 3.65 0.56 0.002 0.03 0.003 0.04 0.004 0.002 0.088 period ._ Xiwu Yearly 5.59 4.22 3.27 0.53 0.002 0.03 0.003 0.04 0.004 0.002 0.090 average . ._._.
Polltiond 0.70 0.82 0.53 0.01 0.3 0.06 .0.0008 0.08 0.04 0.45 index Water quality II Ill II IllI I 1 1 11 class _ _ _ ±_
JOutletof Level 10.21 1.73 1.10 0.11 NA NA NA NA A NA. 0.011 Jilaokou period _| i | reservoir pgh-water 6.5 1.54 1.85 0.14 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.023 l ~~~pLeriod . Low 1 -water 8.81 1.47 1.04 0.03 0.002 0.02 0.005 0.5 0.004 0.002 0014 period ! I IL! _ Yearly av|erace 1 8.51 1.58 1.33 0.09 0.002 0.02 0.005' 0.5 0.004 0.002 0.016 average i
| index i 0.79 1 0.44 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.08 0.2 0.8
110 Amimoniaexvln toa phosphorus Monitored 4onitoring DO ODM, BOD5 nitrogen Cyanide Hg Lead Cadmium Arsenic exavale section date mg/L mg/L /L m mLg g/L pgL g/L pg/L cgLpgL mg/L Water quality I I I I I I I I I I
_ _ _ class.
Leverlod 6.29 5.03 2.50 0.83 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.083
High- 4.59 3.67 2.83 0.94 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.211 ater period od 6.41 3.83 2.8 0.92 0.002 0.02 0.005 0.5 0.004 0.002 0.204 pern od ______Liangqiao Yearly 5.76 4.17 2.71 0.90 0.002 0.02 0.005 0.5 0.004 0.002 0.166 average . II_ _ Pollution 1.04 0.90 1.8 0.04 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.08 0.04 1.66 index Water quality IIl III I 111 I I 1I I I 111 claXss _
According to monitoring results, estuary cross-section of Yanjiang River, cross-section water
quality of Changting cross-section of Xianjiang River and Xiwu cross-section of Dongjiang River meet
the water quality requirement of functional area in the last two years whether in level period, high water
period or low water period. Water quality of outlet of Jiaokou Reservoir (Zhangxi River) is Class II in
2002 and exceeded the requirement of Class I functional area. The main standard-exceeding substances
are ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus. But in 2003 it changed better and all indices met the water
quality requirement of functional area. Present water quality of Liangqiao cross-section of Yinjiang
River was Class III and exceeded the requirement of Class II functional area. The main
standard-exceeding substances are ammonia nitrogen, DO and CODmn ect. Heavy metals such as
mercury, lead, tin, arsenic, hexavalent chrome and cyanide of all cross-sections in 2003 were in the
water quality range of Class I surface water.
3.8.2.2 Water quality of inland rivers
Table 3-41 shows the monitoring result of water quality of inland rivers in 2003.
Table 3-41 Monitoring result of water quality of inland rivers in 2003. BODAmmoni Cad ~~~~~~~lexavaletotal nt phosph Monitore Monitoring DO CODMn 5 anurna cyanide Hg Lead Arsenic d section date mg/L mg/L nitrogen mg/L ag/L mg p/L pg/L chrome orus mg/L mg/ gLmgIL m~
Yan Level period 5.39 4.81 2.73 1 10 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.119 xi High-water 3.10 7.43 3.52 0.94 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.131 I ~~Iver pernod .___.__ Inetw Low-water ork Che period 9.05 5 2.02 0.56 0.002 0.02 0.005 0.5 0.004 0.002 0.385
Inja Yarely 5.84 5 75 2.76 0.86 0.002 0 02 0.005 0.5 0.004 0.002 0.522 o0 average _ _ 1.l PollutionI i olulndex 1 44 0.92 1.72 0.04 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.08 004 5.22
ualit class I I I I I I
Shi Level period 4.79 6 64 L5.05 2.63 NA L NA - NA NA NA NA 0.291
IiII Cad lexavale total BOD1 Amnmoni1 nt phosph Monitore Monitoring DO CODMn B 5 a cyanide Hg Lead rium Arsenic orns d section date mg/L mg/L nitrogen mg/L pg/L mg/L pg/L chrome mg/L mg/ gLmg/L -p/
1.154 gan High-water 2.81 9.69 6.29 2.91 NA NA NA NA NA NA period Low-water 8.87 6.39 6.98 4.08 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.5 0.004 0.002 0.555 period Yarely 5.49 7.57 6.11 3.20 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.5 0.004 0.002 0.689 average _____ Pollution 1.26 1.53 3.20 0.01 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.08 0.04 3.45
Water _II _ _ quality class I 0.303 Level period 1.34 7.68 6.3 5.11 NA NA NA NA NA NA High-water 2.76 9.44 6.54 3.79 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.645 pernod ______
Low-water 4.92 7.06 3.93 4.13 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.5 0.004 0.002 0.278 Wa period I 0.409 ngc Yarely 3.00 8.06 5.59 4.34 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.5 0.004 0.002 hun average I Pollution 1.34 1.40 4.34 0.01 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.08 0.04 2.05 index I Water IV IV IV aboveV I I I I I I aboveV quality class Level period 3.27 7.25 4.79 5.87 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.311 High-water 6.38 8.95 7.81 3.7 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.429 period . Low-water peLod- 5.53 8.35 6.61 3.82 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.5 0.004 0.002 0.326 _ _ _ _ _ Pan - _ _ 0.002 0.355 huo Yarely 5.06 8.18 6.40 4.46 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.5 0.004 average Pollution 0.04 1.78 indextion . 1.36 1.60 4.46 0.01 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.08
Water , o V quality class IV V aboveV I I I Level period 1.93 9.25 7.59 7.28 NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.153 High-water 3.66 10.41 5.67 4.15 NA NA NA NA NA NA 47 period . .8 0.764 Yan Low-water 4.87 7.41 5.84 6.11 . 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.5 0.004 0.002 xi. Cian period 0.002 0.588 river zho Yarely 3.48 9.02 6.37 5.85 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.5 0.004 netw ng average . . 0.04 2.94 ork Pollidutixon 1.50 1.59 5.85 0.01 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.08 index Water IV IV V aboveV I I I I I I aboveV quality class I Level period 2.79 8 81 16.68 6.81 NA NA NA A NA NA 0.325
6 2 High-water 3.39 11 7 | .5 3 43 NA NA NA A NA NA 0.636 | period I - pLow-water 543 8 15 5.91 1.78 0.002 0.02 0.005 0.5 0.004 0.002 0.372
4eix - period 1 i I |u |Yarely 3.87 9.55 46.38401 0.002 0.02 0.005 0.5 0.004 0002 0.444 _ | ^ > average I | i Pollution 0 1 *10.| 008 0.04 2.22 It Pollutlon | | 1 59 1i60 4.01 0.01 02 1 1 1 j _ j aI tyclasidex V _ _ 1 e IV IV V aboveV I I I I I I aboveV l I I [ qualityclass l l _ 1 l l 1 l l l It can be known from the monitoring result in 2003 that the overall water quality of the Chenjiao, Shigan and Wangchun cross-sections of Yinxi river network and Meixu, Panhuo and Xiezhong cross-sections in Yindong river network exceeded Class V. With reference to the requirement of functional water quality objective for water environment, the six stations all exceeded standard. Compared with 2002, up-to-standard rate did not change, but
water body exceeding Class V increased to some extent. The main standard-exceeding factors are: CODmn, BOD5 , anmmonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and DO.
3.8.2.3 Water quality of reservoirs
According to the classification of environmental protection areas of the surface water, Miyan of Yanjiang river (water outlet of Jiaokou reservoir) is defined to be the water source protection area with water quality of Class I, other river reaches to be the multifunction areas with water quality of Class II and the Grade I or n water source protection areas for providing centralized or domestic drinking water with quality of Class I.
Based on the monitoring data of water quality of Zhougongzhai dam sites and Xiaojiao (located on the end of Jiaokou reservoir) in 1996 and 1999, and of the outlet of Jiaokou reservoir and Liangqiao of Yanjiang river in 1997, which is provided by the environmental protection monitoring station of Yanzhou district, it is found that the quality of water entering Zhougongzhai reservoir is Class 11, the quality of water entering Jiaokou reservoir Class II and the quality of water discharging from Jiaokou reservoir Class 1. For details, refer to Table 3-42.
table3-42 water quality status of Yanjiang river basin \Item 1 -- Water Year Sec n DO pH CODMf BOD5 TP TN CN- Hg Pb Cd As Crf' qualit
______~~~~~~~~~~~~yclass.
Zhougon .g 7.18 2.50 1.66 <0.025 <0.004 <0.05 <5.0 <0.5 <7 <4 .. 11 1996 zhai _
_____ Xiaojiao 7.05 2.01 .1.64 <0.025 <0.004 <0.05 <5.0 <0.5 <7 <4 II Zhougong 10.21 7.18 2.54 1.48 <0.025 0.25 11 1999 zhai . I I Xiaojiao 9.98 7.05 2.01 1.64 <0.025 0.32 _ Outlet of 2003 Jiaokou 8.51 1.58 1.33 0.016 -- <0.002 <0.05 <5.0 <0.5 <4 <2 1 reservoir _
Note: Except pH, the last five items have the unit of ug/l, others is mg/L.
Ningbo station of the national water quality monitoring network for urban water supply has sampled and analyzed periodically the water quality of Jiaokou reservoir. Table 343 shows the monthly measured values of main indexes of water quality in 2002, Table 3-44 shows all water quality indexes rrieasured once per half-year from 2001 to 2003. These measured values indicate the water quality of Jiaokou reservoir on -the whole. Comparing with the values specified in the national standard of "surface water quality standard"(GB3838-2002), the water quality of Jiaokou reservoir meets the water quality criteria of Class 1- II water bodies, and conform conforms with the requirements on water quality of water sources specified in the national standard of "sanitation specification of domestic drinking water ". Therefore, the Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou reservoirs can be used as the water sources for the water plants of this project.
Table 3-43 Nlain indexes of water quality of Jiaokou reservoir in 2002 113 Measured item January March May July September November PH 6.99 7.32 6.89 6.89 7.01 7.20 Suspended matter( mg/L <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 Total hardness (mg/L) 15.7 16.5 17.2 21.0 19.0 24.1 Dissolved oxygen( mg/L) 10.7 11.2 6.30 7.15 5.56 8.27 Potassium permanganate 1.76 1.25 1.68 1.58 1.96 1.36 content (mg/L) 171218__963 Biochemical oxygen 0.61 0.79 0.78 0.54 0.64 1,03 demand ( BOD) (mg/L) Total nitrogen (mg/L) 1.50 1.48 1.55 0.97 2.50 1.38 Ammonia nitrogen . 0.09 0.10 0.39 0.06 0.17 <0.05 (mg/L) Nitrite (mg/L) 0.020 0.022 0.007 / I / Nitrate (mg/L) 0.82 0.91 1.14 / 1.39 1.25 Volatilized phenol <0.002 / / / <0.002 (mg/L) Total cyanide (mg/L) <0.004 / / / / <0.004 Total arsenic (mg/L ) <0.007 / / / / <0.007 Total Hg (mg/L) <0.00005 / / / t <0.00005 Hexavalent chrome <0.004 / / / / <0.004 ( mg/L.)___ Total lead (mg/L.) <0.01 / / / / <0.01 Total cadmium (mg/L) <0.001 / / / / <0.001 Total phosphorus 0.017 0.014 0.025 0.026 0.028 0.015 (mg/L ) Coliform bacteria flora 940 220 490 5400 490 1300 (piece/L ) Total bacterial count 380000 60000 88000 240000 39000 320000 (piece/L) Fluoride (mg/L) <0.05 <0.02 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Petroleum (mg/L) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Table 3-44 All water quality indexes of Jiaokou reservoir
Sample received on 2001.5.10 2001.10.8 2002.5.13 2002.11.22 2003.5.12 2003:10.1
Colority (platinum Degre 8 <5 7514 10 diamond as the reference) e Turbidity NTU 0.79. 2.14 0.55 1.30 0.57 1.80 Odor and smell . No No No No No No Visible matters by naked No No No No No No eyeNo NNo NNoo PH. 6.9 7.0 7.1 6.8 6.9 7.1 Total hardness (CaCO3 mgA 17 20 :19 40 22 35 Phvsical counting) properties and Iron ( Fe counting) mg/l <0.05 0.05 0.25 <0.05 <0.05 0.08 common Manganese (Mn counting) mg/I <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 chemical Copper (Cu counting) mg/I <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 Zinc (Zn counting) mg/l 0.03 <0.03 <0.03 < 0.03 <0.03 0.10 IVolatilephenols (CuHi OH g/l <0.002 <0 002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.5 <0.5 counting) ____ Detergent (alkyl benzene mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 sulfonic acid counting) Sulfate t S04 counting) mg/l 8.6 10 5.7 11 8.3 9.9 Chloride (Cl -counting) mg/l 5.1 3 5 8.2 4.8 5.5 Total dissolvable solids mg/l 71 113 58 118 82 148 Toxiclogical Fluoride (F countin- mg/I <0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 I ~ ~ ~ C. an d C co ni o ______1 _ _ I______indxes |Cyanide (CNmcounfing) ng/l <0.002 <0002 <0.002 <0.002 <3.3 <33
______|Arsenic (As counting) pgl/ <10 <10 <10 <0.02 <0.02 1 _0.24_ | 114 Sample received on 2001.510 2001.10.8 2002.5.13 2002.11.22 20035.12 2003.10.1
Selenium (Se counting) pggA <5 <5 <5 0.38 <0.02 0.03 Hydrargyrum (Hg upg/ <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.084 0.02 0.08 counting) Cadmium (Cd counting) ,pgA <0.01 <0.01 <0.03 <0.03 0.27 0.03 chrome chromium (Cr mg/I 0.006 0.003 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 <0.004 (VI) counting) Lead (Pb counting) pg/I 3.3 <0.4 1.9 12.5 2.2 <0.4 Aluminum (Al counting) mg/I <0.1 <0.1 < 8.0 0.016 <0.008 <0.008 Nitrate (N counting) mg/I 0.8 1.0 0.8 3.8 1.6 1.3 Chloroform pg/I <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 Carbon tetrachloride pg/I < I < I < I < I < I < I Benzopyrene (a) mg/I <0.001 <0.5 < 12 <6.0 <6.0 DDT pg/I <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Benzenehexachloride pg/I <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 piece/ Total bacterial count ml 3000 4000 3300 6200 120 2100
Bactenological Total coliform group Group 4000 6000 100 8000 2200 16000 indexes ~~~~~~~/L Unbounded residual mg/ / / / / / chlorine mg__ Radiological Total aradioactivity Bq/A <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 indexes Total 0 radioactivity Bq/A <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 13.1 15.5 Total alkalinity (CaCO3 mg/I 13.5 12.8 10.8 20.0 counting) Nitrite (1 N counting) mg/I <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.08 0.2 0.1 Ammonia nitrogen (N mg/I <0.025 < 0.02 0.39 0.11 0.22 0.13
oxygen consumption (0, 2 counting) (Mn) mgA I.5 2.5 2.4 1.2 1.04 1.44 Dissolved oxygen (02 mg/I 2.35 6.16 8.86 5.11 5.9 10.1 Other indexescounting) Other indexes Water temperature)C 21.1 21.5 16.5 16.1 19.3 22.6 0.75 2.5 2.0 BOD5 (20'C) mg/I 1.06 2.6 0.73 Total Kjeldahl .nitrogen mgA / 0.9 1.63 0.8 0.10 0.20 (N counting) Total phosphorus (P Totphosphorus in P mg/I 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.14 0.02 0.04 counting)_____ Chemical oxygen demand (Cr) mg/I <2.0 7.3 15.7 3.0 4.1 15.5 Silicon dioxide mgA / 20 7.26 11.2 6.66 6.19 Unconvention Silver ugA 0.1 0.2 <0.1 <0 1 al indexes Sodium mg 20 4 4 4 Beryllium pg/I 0.09 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 Nickel pgA/ 1.6 < 1.4 1.6 1.5 Barium pgA 18.0 81.8 17.8 25.0 Cobalt pg/ < 1.2 < 1.2 5.1 3 7 Hexachlorobenzene pgA <0.6 <0.6 . <0.6 <0 6 Dichloromethane pgA <0.35 1.84 <0.35 <0.35 I. I dichlorethylene pgA <0 57 <0.57 <0.57 <0.57 Perchlorethylene pgA <0.51 <0.87 <0.51 <0.51 Trichloroethylene pg/I <0.87 <0.51 < 1 <0.87 Boracium mg/I 0.07 | 0.046 0.14 <0. I Dichlorovos pgA/I <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 <0.9 Dantox pg/I < 0.5__ <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Parathion pgA | <04 <04 <04 1 <04 methyl parathion pg/l <04 <0.4 <~0.4 < 0 4 Nitrofen P0 <0.6 ! <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 Anthou pgA | <0.6 | 0 <0.6 115 Sample received on 200i.5.10 2001.10.8 2002.5.13 2002.11.22 2003.5.12 2003.10.1
Conductivity us/cm 63.2 126.4 63.9 80.7 Calcium mg/l 6 II 6 9 Magnesium mO I 3 2 3 Phenol pgA/I <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 4-nitrophenol pg/l ' <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 3-methyl phenol pg/I <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 Dichlor phenol pg/I <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 0.7 Trichlorophenol pg/A <0.6 <0.6 1.0 <0.6 Pentachlorophenol pg/I .. <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 1, 2-dichlor ethane pg/I <0.35 <0.35 <0.35 <0.35 1 1, Itrichloroethane pg/I <0.34 <0.34 <0.34 <0.34 1, 1, 2-trichloroethane pg/I <0.81 <0.81 < I <0.81 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloroethane pgA <0.54 <0.54 <0.54 <0.54 Bromoform pg/A <0.35 <0.81 < I Paradichlorobenzene mg/I <0.24 < I <1 < 1 mnineral oil mgA <0.10 0.14 <0.1 <0.1 Antimony pg/A <4 <4.0 <1.0 <2.0 Molybdenum p g/I < 2.0 Vanadium pg/I < I <2.0 < 3.0 <3.0 Naphthalene ng/A < 12 <6.0 <6.0 <6.0 Fluoranthene ng/A < 6.0 < 3.0 < 3.0 < 3.0 Benzo fluoranthene (b) ng/A <4.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 Benzo fluoranthene (k) ngA_ <6.6 <3.3 <3.3 <3.3 Benzopyrene (a) ng/I <2 <6.0 <6.0 <6.0 Benzopyrene (g.h.i) ng/A < 10 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 Indeno pyrene ( 1, 2, 3-cd) ng/A < 13 <6.5 <6.5 <6.5 Stercoraceous streptococcus CFU/ 15 8 420 160 Spore bacterial deoxidized CFU/ 10 50 12 220 by sulfite _ Stercoraceous coliform CFU/ 120 60 230 100 bacteria dichloroacetic acid pg/I <0.054 < 0.054 trichloroacetic acid pg/I <0.054 <0.054 Heptachlor pg/I 0.019 <0.003 heptachlor epoxide pgA <0.083 <0.083 Chlorthalonil pgA <0.4 <0.02 Hexachlorobutadiene pgA < 0.02 <0.02 Lindane pg/I <0.4 <0.02 Systox pg/I <2.5 <2.5 Malathion pgA/ < 2.5 < 2.5 Microcapsule algal poison pg/I <0.01 Deletamethrin pg/I <2.0 . < 2.0 Metoalchlor pgA . < 1.5 < 1.5 Asulam pgA <0.5 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic pgA <0.2 acid. . Benzene pg/I <0.4 < I Molybdenum pgA < 1 0.24 Thallium pgA 0.23 <0.05 Formaldehyde mg/A <0.05 < I ; Acrylamide pg/lI <0.15 <0.15
3.8.3 Investigation and evaluation on the status of acoustic environment
In addition to utilize the available monitoring data, we implemented the status monitoring along the project
h(ne to provide more detail data for this acoustic environment evaluation.
116 3.8.3.1 Analysis of available monitoring data
(I ) Noise of functional area
According to the Ningbo environmental quality report of 2003 prepared by Ningo environmental protection bureau, the day noise levels in every functional area of Ningbo generally reached the standard and the night noise level at some time over the limits. In which, the noise levels of residents' cultural and educational area are over the limit up to 2.8dB, the noise levels of both sides of main traffic arteries over the limit up to 10.4dB. The noise levels of the industrial and mixed areas are conform with the criteria.
(2) Local environmental noise
According to the Ningbo environmental quality report of 2003 prepared by Ningo environmental protection bureau, the built-up area of Ningbo was divided into 216 grids with dimension of 500mxSOOm, the measured average equivalent sound level of local environment noise in 2003 is 53.3dB (A) which is lower than that in 2002 of 53.4dB(A). The equivalent sound level of environmental noise in the urban area of Ningbo City has been controlled below 56dB(A) for successively 8 years. In 2003, regional environmental noise in Ningbo City ranked the fifth among the 47 key environmental protection cities in the country, one position ahead compared with 2002.
In respect of the sound source constituent of noise, the constituent ratio of domestic noise is the highest up to 51.4%, traffic noise take second place up to 35.6%, therefore, the domestic noise becomes the main noise source of Ningbo city.
3.8.3.2 Investigation and evaluation of current acoustic environment
(1) Monitoring point allocation and monitoring date
Due to the extensive construction scope and in order to highlight the key points, 11 monitoring stations has been setup at different places for this evaluation, such as the boundary of Maojiapin water plant, Jiaokou reservoir (proposed site for water tower) and within the area crossed by the pipeline, to monitor the environmental noise levels in day (8:00- 22:00) and night (after 22:00). For the details of monitoring point locations, refer to attached figure "Layout of noise monitoring points ".For monitoring point, see figure 3.
The monitoring date is 31,Mar, 2004. The monitoring frequency is one time per day and night.
(2) Monitoring result and status evaluation
Generally, the pipeline of this-project will be laid along roads. The environmental noise of areas on both sides of main traffic roads will be evaluated in accordance with the Class IV specified in 'standard of environmental noise within urban area". The environmental noise of plant sites and Jiaokou reservoirs (proposed site for water tower) will be evaluated reference to Class I criteria and that of other areas reference to Class 11 criteria for mixed area.
For the result of noise monitoring and evaluation, refer to Table 3-45.
Table 3-45 Noise monitoring and evaluation result I ~~~~~~~~~~~~Evaluation Monitoring point Time Lo | L50 Ls | LACq Criteria rEsult
? I Day 54.0 48.0 45.0 51.8 55 Pass
117 (proposed site for water tower of Night 46.5- 43.5 42.0 44.7 45 Pass Jiaokou reservoir) ? 2 Day 55.0 52.5 51.0 53.4 55 Pass (east plant boundary) Night 49.5 41.5 40.5 45.0 45 Pass . 3 Day 55.0 52.5 50.5 53.3 55 Pass (south plant boundary) Night 46.0 42.0 41.0 43.6 45 Pass ? 4 Day 53.0 47.5 46.5 51.4 55 Pass (west plant boundary) Night 46.5 43.0 40.5 44.5 45 Pass ? 5 Day 55.5 48.0 44.5 54.5 55 Pass
boundary ) Night 47.0 44.0 42.5 45.0 45 Pass ? 6 Day 79.5 72.0 65.0 77.9 70 Over limit (Yujia of Yanxian highway) Night 73.0 69.0 64.0 70.2 55 Over limnit ? 7 Day 73.0 68.5 62.0 69.0 70 Pass (Airport road) Night 67.0 63.0 60.5 64.5 55 Over lirmit
? 8 Day 68.0 60.0 56.5 64.3 70 Pass (Fenjiacun of north outer ring road) Night 65.0 55.0 49.0 60.5 55 Over lirnit ? 9 Day - 74.0 69.5 64.0 70.0 70 -Pass (Jiangnancunxiao of _ _ Shiji road) Night 67.0 62.5 58.0 64.1 55 Over limnit ? 10 Day 56.0 53.5 51.5 54.3 70 Pass (Yanxianerdao highway) Night 53.0 51.0 49.5 51.5 55 Pass ? 11 Day 72.0 64.5 61.0 68.3 60 Over limit (Fenaodongcun of Hengyan road) Night 65.5 60.5 57.0 62.2 50 Over limit
The Table 3-45 shows that, the plant site of Maojiapin water plant and Jiaokou reservoir (proposed site for water tower) now have good acoustic environment quality, noise in day and night meets the Class I criteria specified in "Standard of Environmental Noise within Urban Area"(GB3096-93); except that the day and 'night noise level of Chuxianerdao highway is accepted, other monitoring points measured the night noise level over limit with different extent due to the effect of traffic noise; the noise levels measured at Fenaodongcun of Hengyanlu road and Yujia of Yanxiandadao road also are over limit.
l's 4.0 Expected environmental impact and corresponding mitigation measure
4.1 Social and environmental impact analysis for project site selection and its mitigation measure
4.1.1 Social and environmental impact analysis for project site selection
This project will permanently make a requisition of 213mu collectively owned land including 200mu for Maojiaping Water Works (of which 140mu is occupied) and 13mu for tunnel portal.
Land requisition will affect 30mu orchard in Meixi Village that is planted by Yongxing Group by leasing mountain land in Meixi Village Yinjiang Town and other 183mu is forest land contracted by farmers. The project will temporarily occupy 1,561.32mu land in total for six months 556.32mu of which is collectively-owned land including 77.32mu forest land, 459mu paddy field and 20mu fritillary land and 1,005mu of which is government property including 955mu green belt. This project will affect one enterprise, Ningbo Fumao Machinery Co. Ltd, located in the extension of Airport Road and will not involve house demolition and relocation. It only affects some auxiliary facilities including 70m enclosing wall and 200m2 green land other than normal production and operation activities of this enterprise. According to social economic investigation, this project directly affects 83 households and 291 people, completely by land acquisition. It totally involves 3 villages (Daoqiao Village, Meixi Village and Jiaao Village) in Yinjiang Town Yinzhou District and 3 villages (Miyang Village, Zhang Village and Zhengjia Village) in Zhangshui Town. This project temporarily occupies a land of 1,561.32mu including temporary occupation of 556.32 collectively-owned land and affects 189 households and 573 people temporarily, involving 4 towns (Yinjiang Town, Zhangshui Town, Gulin Town and Hengjie Town) in Yinzhou District which includes 10 villages (Daqiao Village, Meixi Village, Jiaoao Village, Miyan Village, Yanshan Village, Hejiang Village etc). It temporarily occupies 1,005mu government property, mainly being green belt on one side of road. In the principle of impact minimization, the project will take appropriate measures to reduce impact during construction, e.g. pass by residefttial houses, push pipe construction for crossing road, bridge pipe technology for rivers etc. It will only involve ground appurtenance such as trees other than building demolition and relocation and specific population. Additionally, the project affects totally 19 types of ground appurtenance and public utilities. 4.1.2 Mitigation measure
(1) Compensation for land requisition
Land for this project is mountain land, 183mu forest land and 30mu orchard. Forest land is currently contracted by 10 households of the affected village and its labor service fee for protection of mountain and forest is paid by the village. The orchard affected by the project is the collectively owned mountain slope land in Meixi Village and has not been allotted to farmers. The land was leased by Yongxing Group in 2000 and used as peach growinm base for canned food. Lease term is 15 years for 200-300Yuan/mu. Totally 70mu is leased and 30mu will he affected. This part of orchard is attended by 3-4 employees of Yongxing Group. After land acquisition, these
119 In addition, after 30mu employees will be arranged by Yongxing Group to other posts and will not lose their jobs. fill the shortage and its land requisition is made, Yongxing Group will purchase peaches from other regions to normal production and operation will not affected. with the villagers' When social economic investigation is made, Water Supply Company made an agreement and compensate the committee and Yongxing Group to compensate Yongxing Group for loss of young plants villager's conmuittee for land compensation fees and relocation subsidy. and land 95% incomes of the laborers affected by this project are in the secondary and tertiary industries enterprises and income requisition will not have great impact on them. They can be arranged to work in nearby from working will be more than the cost for them to maintain pinery. fee and The seven villages affected by land requisition can obtain 6,390,00OYuan as land compensation used for welfare relocation subsidy. After approved by 2/3 villagers, 3,834,00OYuan of land compensation can be These residents, of all villagers and 2,556,00OYuan of relocation subsidy can be granted to the affected population. work in enterprises. after receiving relocation subsidy, can use the subsidy to develop self-employment items or to the cost for the If the settlers want to change from agricultural to non-agricultural status in household registration, change will be borne by the government. These Around the village affected by the project are several enterprises with good economic benefit. laborers. enterprises have promised that they can provide some appropriate job opportunities for village
(2) Restoration plan for temporarily occupied land land, The project will temporarily occupy 556.32mu collectively-owned land including 77.32mu forest affected farmers can 495mu paddy field and 20mu fritillary land and involve quite a few towns and villages. The The project receive young crops compensation fee for temporarily occupied land according to related regulations. as two quarters) will temporarily occupy the land for six months (one quarter; more than one quarter is calculated compensation fee and the loss will be 60OYuan/mu based on loss of one-quarter land production value. Therefore is greater than actual loss and villagers' life will not be affected by temporary land occupation. has As for restoration of temporarily occupied land, the affected village and implementation organization leveling and will reached a preliminary agreement that construction team will be responsible for earth piling and will pay all loosen and level the land compacted by construction machinery. The implementation organization resource facilities villages the fees for secondary plowing and the villages themselves are responsible for water occupation so as to and soil improvement. These contents will be included in the agreement of temporary land occupied land. define the responsibilities of the two parties in law and ensure secondary plowing of temporarily
(3) Relocation of enterprises and institutions some of its This project will affect one enterprise. Laying of pipe network will only temporarily occupy and operation green land and enclosing wall in the relocation part and will not affect its normal production compensated in the activities. Therefore after negotiation with the property owner, the property owner will be the project. form of currency and construction organization will help it restore the land after completion of
(4) Affected infrastructure and ground appurtenance compensate the For the affected infrastructure and ground appurtenance. the project organization will property owner and the property owner shall restore and rebuild it. 120 The restoration measures for the demolished and relocated facilities must be planned and arranged in advance. In actual operation, it is necessary to adjust measures to local conditions and realize safety, high efficiency, promptness and accuracy and to try to reduce the adverse effect on nearby people. For affected city public utilities, removers shall carry out demolition and relocation work according to road pile position drawing and construction drawing of this project and shall try to reduce relocation provided the project construction is not affected. For demolition and relocation of the affected pipes and lines, the removers shall rebuild them before demolishing them while ensuring the normal life of residents (including those who do not need relocation) along the line is not affected. The total cost for land acquisition relocation and resettlement of affected residents in the project range is 91,729,00OYuan RMB, which has been listed in the total project cost. All capital recourses are home bank loans and financial appropriations.
4.2 Environmental impact assessment and corresponding mitigation measure during construction period
4.2.1 Atmospheric environmental impact analysis and prevention and control measure during construction 4.2.1.1 Atmospheric environmental impact analysis during construction period
The project in construction period has a centralized impact on the atmosphere and atmospheric pollution mainly comes from dust nuisance and construction waste gas generated in construction. The construction waste gas here mainly refers to the waste gas generated from oil burning machinery, such as waste gases ermitted from wheel loader, dump truck and excavator etc and the tail gases emitted from transportation vehicles.
1) Dust nuisance impact analysis during construction period
(1) Raw water catchment and conveyance project and water purification plant project Many links during the construction of raw water catchment and conveyance project and water purification plant project may generate construction dust nuisance, such as construction of raw water catchment tower and tunnel, construction blasting process of water purification plant, concrete mixing station and earthwork loading and unloading during construction of raw water catchment tower and tunnel, as well as improper protection of excavalion waste dump. Construction of water purification plant may also generate dust nuisance to have impact on the surrounding atmospheric environment of the construction site.
For major sources of dust nuisances during construction, see table 4- 1.
Table 4-1 Major sources of dust nuisances during construction Major dust nuisance sources [Percentage of all site dust nuisances Site road dust nuisance 62% 86% Concrete mixing dust nuisance 24% Material handling 14% Earthwork and sandstone piling dust Minor nuisance _ Construction operation dust nuisance Minor Decoration dust nuisance Minor It can be seen from the above table that to reduce dust nuisance is mainly to reduce site road dust nuisance.
121 What can generate the minimum dust nuisance is cement road, then solid earth road, and then ordinary earth road, and the poorest is earth road with much quick soil, whose ratio of particulate concentration is 1:1.17:2.06:2.29 in turn. Its major impact range is 50m area on the two sides of the road. Besides site road dust nuisance, the dust nuisance generated from concrete mixing generates serious pollution to the environment. According to analog data, dust nuisance pollution in front of mixing shed can exceed 27 mg/m3, 28.1 times more than the standard. With increase of distance from mixing shed and rapid decrease of TSP concentration, the average value at 50m away is 1.14 mg/m3, 0.6-0.8 times more than control point. Therefore its impact range is mainly in the 50m area around mixing shed. The degree of dust nuisance is somewhat related to the magnitude of wind and climate. Ningbo City belongs to typical subtropical monsoon climate and it is characterized by significantly alternate monsoon in winter and summer. It is mild and humid in the whole year with distinct four seasons, abundant precipitation and long sunlight. Annual prevailing wind is NW and SSE and the mean annual wind speed is 2.9m/s. Ningbo City has abundant precipitation which may slow down the dust nuisance impact range, and the most adverse impact time period of dust nuisance mainly occurs in gale weather.
(2) Clean water conveyance main pipe project and urban water distribution ring network
For clean water conveyance main pipe project and urban water distribution ring network, as construction area is relatively near residential area or in the urban fringe, the dust nuisance generated from construction will not only have direct impact on the atmospheric environmental quality, but also have adverse effect on the living of urban residents. Dust nuisance leads to the sharp increase of suspended particulate matter in air, seriously affecting townscape and landscape. Construction dust nuisance will make nearby buildings and houses covered with dust and cause impact on the tidiness of residential area environment. During pipeline construction, road excavation, pipe material transportation and handling as well as site repair and construction will generate dust nuisance to cause impact on surrounding atmospheric environment. The dust nuisance generated from construction will generate some impact on the living of residents and growing of vegetation along the line, and the impact on the atmospheric environment can be reduced through strengthening construction management. Dust nuisances during pipeline construction period mainly come from the following aspects: [I] Sqil turning during large-quantity earth excavation and filling process generates dust nuisance; [2] Surface vegetation damage and soil looseness in large-area excavation zone generates dust nuisance; [3] Poor construction detour, vehicle rolling and vegetation and soil damage generate-dust nuisance; [4] Bad sealing of such wastes as spoil and waste materials during transportation leaks dust; [5] The dust spilled on construction site, constructipn detour and surrounding area forms secondary pollution of ground dust fall when vehicles run through or wind blows. According to analogy investigation analysis, it can be regarded that: [1] Pipeline construction has dust nuisance pollution problem and the major impacted area is construction and surrounding area: TSP and dust fall exceed standard to some extent; [2] The impact degree of dust nuisance in different operation processes is greatly different, the construction process that has greatest impact is earthwork excavation and filling and earth and stone transportation, unloading and levelingz through construction detour, and the construction process with the smallest impact is pipeline I 22 laying; [3] Dust nuisance is related to environmental management and environmental protection scheme during construction period. When pipeline is constructed in the section near residential area, it is necessary to promptly spray water to reduce the impact of construction dust nuisance on the living of urban resitients; when pipeline is constructed in the farmland section, if it is in crop flowering pollination period, it is also necessary to take appropriate environmental protection measure to prevent the impact of construction dust nuisance on the production of crops.
2) Waste gas impact analysis during construction period
Major sources of construction waste gases include: waste gas emission from various oil burning machineries such as wheel loader, dump truck and excavator, tail gas generated by transportation vehicles and waste gas emission from cooking range in temporary canteen for construction team. Major pollutants of construction waste gases are: NOX, CO and hydrocarbon (HC) etc. The discharge amount of these pollutants is small and it only has some impact on construction personnel and has minor impact on regional environment. 4.2.1.2 Atmospheric pollution prevention and control measure during construction period
(1)Dust nuisance prevention and control measure
Raw water catchment and conveyance project and water purification plant project During construction of raw water catchment and conveyance project and water purification plant project, it is necessary to: Q0imnplement construction process environmental monitoring system and project tendering contract must contain the clauses of dust prevention and refuse burning prohibition; (Orationally organize construction and schedule to reduce piling time of temporary excavated earth, (a)spray some water to the surface of earth piles to prevent dust nuisance when continuous fair weather is encountered during construction or in case.of wind and construction company shall implement cleaning system, A)Tharden temporary road and construction site and site thickness and strength shall meet the need of construction and vehicle running. Site and road shall be flat and smooth with appropriate environmental protection measures and environmental signs provided; (C_periodically compact ground ahd spray water to clean ground so as to reduce dust pollution to the surrounding environment for the unhardened location due to other reasons; 'Prationally set the location of excavation waste dump and plant vegetation in the exposed area of excavation waste dump. Clean water conveyance main pipe project and urban water distribution ring network proiect Besides the dust prevention measures taken for raw water catchment and conveyance project and water purification plant project, clean water conveyance main pipe project and urban water distribution ring network project shall take the following measures in urban ring network:
I1Clean water conveyance main pipe project and urban water distribution ring network shall use wind shield, such as corrugated sheet or polypropylene sheet on the two sides of pipe network construction area, on the two sides of construction section in urban area to prevent dust nuisance spreading from causing impact on
123 residents in urban area; 02 When construction is carried out in the road section where vehicles and residents pass by, it is necessary to separate the temporary excavated earth to avoid vehicle rolling; 03 In the construction site in the planned urban area, densely populated area, scenic area, summer cottage area, and national, provincial and municipal culture relics protection areas, it is necessary to formulate water-spray dust reduction regulations and equip sprinkler equipment and appoint special person to be responsible for it. In the seasons when dust nuisance tends to occur, it is necessary to spray water to reduce dust. (AAlways spray water to reduce dust nuisance pollution when demolishing old buildings. (®)Whentransportation vehicles enter urban area, they must be washed clean before going to the road. (®)Thedust emission cause by wind in dry season and machinery during contraction will influence the residential areas and factories along the project. Water should be sprayed on the accumulated earth in clear days with wind to prevent the influence of dust emission on environment around. The construction companies should establish sweeping system on the site. OThe cement and other fine practical material that are subject to fly should be stored in house or covered tightly. Their transportation should avoid leak and emission. Their handling should be carried out with water spreading or in the storage house. (2) Construction waste gas prevention and control measure Prevention and control measures for construction waste gas include: c.DAII fume exhaust facilities such as furnaces, kilns, cooking ranges and power generators must use acceptable products and emission of harmful gases must conform to related national standard. (®Refuseburning is prohibited on construction site. )The construction process in which hannful gases and dusts are ernitted shall use enclosed production equipment and technology and install ventilation, dust absorption, purification and recovery facilities. The content of harmful gases and dusts in work environment must conformn to the regulations of national industrial hygienic standard. (A)Strengthen construction vehicle service and maintenance and prohibit the use of the vehicles that are beyond service and whose tail gases exceed standard. Try to use the construction vehicles with low oil consumption and small emission and try to select and use high quality fuel oil to reduce emission of harmful gases from machinery and vehicles. 4.2.2 Water environmental impact analysis and pollution prevention and control measure during construction period 4.2.2.1 Water environmental impact analysis during construction period
1) Environmental impact analysis of production wastewater
(1) Raw water catchment and conveyance project and water purification plant project Construction and production wastewater of raw water catchment and conveyance project and water purification plant project is mainly produced from sandstone production system and concrete mixing system as well as construction machinery maintenance and washing wastewater. Sandstone production wastewater is mainly material washing wastewater with great quantity and sand content can reach 4-70kgim,. Concrete mixing wastewater and concrete placement wastewater are the strongly alkaline wastewater generated from the process of
124 concrete production and its main pollution control indices are SS and pH. SS can be removed after sedimentation and can basically reach the standard and be discharged. Washing wastewater for machinery and vehicle maintenance mainly contains mud and sand and oil stain and its main pollution control indices are SS and petroleum.lf production wastewater is not treated, water resource will be wasted and environment will be polluted.. According to estimation, wastewater discharge is about lOOm3/d. Treatment devices are located in concrete mixing system, grit processing system and construction machinery maintenance parking station in the seven construction areas. Production wastewater can reach the standard and be discharged after treatment and has small impact on water environment. Construction of water inlet is in Jiaokou Reservoir. As there is cofferdam, production wastewater will enter the reservoir to pollute reservoir water. Therefore construction and production water at water inlet must be recovered and undergo sedimentation treatment to reach standard before distharge. Production wastewater is not allowed to enter reservoir. In addition, This project is in the river valley in mountainous region and seepage water exists. In addition, there are construction waste water and massif water seepage in tunnels. It is necessary to always use ZBl9 water pump to pump drain the water during construction period. The pollutants in the discharged wastewater mainly are suspended matters with small water quantity and will be discharged after preliminary treatment.
(2) Clean water conveyance main pipe project and urban water distribution ring network project
The construction wastewater impact of clean water conveyance main pipe project and urban water distribution ring network project includes the impact of pipe cleaning wastewater and the impact of river course construction on river water quality.
Sectional pressure test pipes during pipe construction need to be cleaned after pressure test is passed. Water used for cleaning must be clean and all openings of the cleaned pipe section must be plugged to prevent secondary pipe pollution. When cleaning, it is necessary to clean pipes in the pipe slope direction to discharge contaminated water. When the whole pipe is cleaned, it is necessary to ensure that discharged cleaning water does not contain sand beads and discharged water quality approximates washing water quality. Discharged cleaning water shall not leak into pipe foundation ditch and foundation. Mud valve on pipes can be used to discharge water to nearby streams. The main pollutants of cleaning wastewater is suspended matter and basically contains no organic matter and inorganic salt, thus it can directly enter urban wastewater pipe.
Pipes will undergo final flushing after backfilling. Flushing shall be made by utilizing the reachable flow rate in the pipe until the water at the inlet is the same as the water at the outlet through. visual observation. Depending on actual situation, final flushing water shall be reutilized as much as possible to be used for road water spray or other purposes.
In addition, pipe bridge work needs to build bearing pile loundation and construction needs to be done in
river course, thus it has some impact on water quality of river course. This impact is mainly agitation of bottom material which increases SS content of river water, but SS can settle naturally. If construction is carried in the bed mud part that may cause serious pollution, it is necessarv to pay attention to the disposal of pollution soil.
2) Environmental impact analysis of domestic wastesvater personnel Construction domestic wastewater is produced by management personnel and construction wastewater are BOD5, entering the site during construction period. The main pollution control indices of domestic construction period, CODCr, NH3-N and SS etc and its discharge is regular. Based on 1,600 people in peak 3 3 of domestic water consumption per person everyday is 0.05m , 80m in total, and average daily discharge 3 project, water domestic wastewater is 56m . The domestic wastewater of raw water'catchment and conveyance with integrated purification plant project and clean water conveyance main pipe shall be collected and treated domestic domestic wastewater treatment equipment to reach the standard and be discharged; construction wastewater in urban area can be directly discharged into urban wastewater pipe.
(3) Analysis of the impact of water works construction on Maojiaping Reservoir reservoir was Maojiaping Reservoir is situated southwest of the water purification plant site and this small of rural once the drinking water source for nearby villages (Daqiao Village, Meixi Village). After reconstruction (belonging to water network, drinking water for nearby villages is all supplied by rural water supply network detour and site Yinjiang Town). When this water works is constructed, the disposal of spoil for construction construction is leveling is in the northeast of the works site. As long as management is strengthened, civilized downstream river network carried, production and domestic wastewater is properly disposed and discharged into and transported and after treated to be up to standard, and domestic waste is centrally collected and cleared the construction disposed by local environmental sanitation department through entrustment during construction, period will not cause pollution impact on it. 4.2.2.2 Water pollution prevention and control measure during construction period
1) Production wastewater prevention and control measure
Construction production wastewater prevention and control measures for this project include: contract must Implement construction process environmental monitoring system and project tendering contain clauses of water pollution prevention;
Wastewater of Maojiaping Water Works shall try to be treated by the dynamic treatment method; mixer and the When mixing work is carried out on site, it is necessary to set sedimentation tank in front of be discharged to transportation vehicle cleaning location, and wastewater shall undergo sedimentation and then urban wastewater pipejine or recovered for water spray dust removal; for warehouse, When oil materials are stored on site, it is necessary to carry out leakage prevention treatment polluting water and storage and use shall have measures to prevent leakage and dripping 6f oil materials from body; bottom by Construction of river course shall be made by using cofferdam method to reduce agitation of river construction;
Construction of river course shall be carried out in dry flow period.
2) Domestic wastewater prevention and control measure can be Construction drainage must conform to drainage regulations. Domestic wastewater in urban area to directly enter directly discharged into urban wastewater system and the domestic wastewater that is impossible urban wastewater system must be treated to reach the standard before discharge. 126 Dumping of refuse and waste residues to all water areas is forbidden so as to protect such water areas as river, lake, sea and reservoir around the project.
(3) Protection measure of Maojiaping Reservoir
Wastewater and domestic refuses are not allowed to be discharged into Maojiaping Reservoir at will. In case of continuous sunny days or wind during construction period, it is necessary to spray water to temporary road and earth piles to prevent dust and at the same time, construction organization shall carry out cleaning system to try to reduce SS increase of the water in Maojiaping Reservoir due to dust nuisance.
Water purification plant is situated on hillside and smooth blasting method will be used to excavate side slope and fill ravine. As estimated by feasibility study, the quantity of earth and stone generated from side slope excavation is almost equal to that for ravine filling, thus waste spoil will not be produced basically. However, due to excessive excavation, some working faces may be provided with temporary excavation waste dump. It is suggested that waste spoil be transported promptly and not be thrown into reservoir. 4.2.3 Noise impact analysis and prevention and control measure during construction period 4.2.3.1 Main noise source during construction period
Construction noise generated from the project is mainly the noise produced from various construction machineries and transportation vehicles. The noise generated from explosion is sporadic noise that lasts for short time and will not affect the people out of the explosion safe distance.
Accordinig to analogy investigation, noise emission results of various construction machineries and vehicles are shown in table 4-2.
Table 4-2 Analogy result of construction noises Main construction machinery Test distance Noise value dB (A.) Hand held pneumatic drill 5 86 (manual excavation) . Air compressor 5 82 Winch 5 73 Excavator 5 78 Wheel loader 5 80 Concrete mixing station 5 76 Concrete'vibrator 5 88 Dump truck 5 82 Blasting construction 50 82 Water pump 5 78
4.2.3.2 Noise impact analysis during construction period
1) Raw water catchment and conveyance project and water purification plant project
Main construction work of raw water catchment and conveyance project and water purification plant project is far from cities and there is only a small quantity of residents nearby. According to noise prediction, the predicted noise values at different distances are shown in table 4-3.
Table 4-3 Predicted noise values at different distances during construction period
127 Noise analogy Main construction value dB(A) Predicted noise value at different machineries vat Sm) distances dB(A) (at 5m) 10 20 80 16 65 m m m Om 0 Hand pneumatic drill 86 80 74 62 56 44 (manual excavation) Air compressor 82 76 70 58 52 40 Winch 73 67 61 49 43 31 Excavator 78 72 66 54 48 36 Wheel loader 80 74 68 56 50 38 Concrete mixing 76 70 64 52 46 34 station Concrete vibrator 88 82 76 64 58 46 Dump truck 82 76 70 58 52 40 Water pump 78 72 66 54 48 36
Referring the above predicted value to "Noise Limit for Construction Site" (GB12523-90), impact distance of construction machinery noise in daytime is usually 40m and basically reaches standard value (55 dB(A)) at 200m at night. Water purification plant is situated on hillside and is 200m from the nearest sensitive point, thus it is not greatly affected by construction noise and the environmental noise can meet the Class I daytime standard (55 dB (A)) in the "Standard of environmental noise of urban area" (GB3096-93). However, in order to prevent construction noise at night from disturbing residents, it is necessary to strengthen management and strictly observe the regulations and requirements in "Noise Limit for Construction Site" (GB12523-90). It is suggested that advanced construction technology and low noise equipment be adopted and construction time be reasonably arranged to try to avoid concurrent construction of a large number of high noise equipment and to arrange noisy construction in daytime. For the noise resulting from explosion when massif blasting is conducted during construction, as it is sporadic and lasts for a short time, people outside the explosion safety distance will not be affected. Therefore, as long as blasting is not carried out at night, it will not have great impact on surrounding acoustic environment. 2) Clean water conveyance main pipe project and urban water distribution ring network project Clean water conveyance main pipe project needs to run through Hengjie Town and Guilin Yujia Village. Noise during construction period mainly comes from construction machinery, transponation of building materials and construction pipe foundation treatment. Construction noise may have some impact on the residents in Hengjie Town and Guilin Yujia Village, and especially at night construction noise will cause resident interference problem to some extent and affect the work and rest of nearby residents. As urban water distribution ring network project is carried out in city, many passengers come to and go from construction site, and there are such sensitive points as residential areas and schools, some of which are only 5m from construction area. construction noise will affect people's normal living environment.,
128 According to regulations in "Noise Limit for Construction Site" GB12523-90, daytime noise limit is 65-85dB and night noise limit is 55dB. After prediction and analbgy analysis, it is concluded that construction machinery noise in daytime at 40m from construction site can reach the standard limit value and can basically reach standard value (55 dB(A)) at 200m at night. Pipeline of this project is basically laid along highway and environmental noise on the two sides of highway executes Class IV standard in the "Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Area" (GB3096-93) (i.e. 70dB (A) in daytime and 55dB (A) at night), thus impact on relatively close sensitive points along the line is relatively small in daytime, but environmental noise at night will greatly exceed standard and cause great disturbance to the rest of residents along the line. Therefore in the area where the project passes by residential buildings, construction work that may produce noise pollution to residents' living environment shall be prohibited at night (after 22:00). In case continuous work is necessary due to special need, the certificate issued by people's government above county level or by other competent departments must be obtained and residents must be informed with bulletin to obtain their understanding. 4.2.3.3 Noise control measure during construction period
Noise at construction site has great impact on environment, thus the construction company shall take noise prevention and control measures. Noise control in construction stage must meet GB12525-90 "Noise Limit for Construction Site" to minimize the impact of noise on surrounding residents. For different sub-projects, the key points of prevention and control measures are different.
1) Raw water catchment and conveyance project and water purification plant project
(1) When formulating construction plan, it is necessary to try to avoid simultaneous use of a large quantity of high-noise equipment for construction. In addition, high noise construction shall try to be arranged in daytime to reduce construction work at night. Night piling and transportation shall be prohibited. When vehicles pass by villages, try not to use horns. (2) Avoid the arrangement of a large quantity of power mechanical equipment in the same construction location to avoid locally over-high noise. If conditions permit, try to keep high noise equipment away from sensitive areas. (3) In equipment type selection, try to adopt low noise equipment such as substitution of hydraulic machinery for oil burning machinery and use of high frequency vibrator. For stationary mechanical equipment and earth excavation and transportation machinery.such as excavator and bulldozer, noise can be reduced by using exhaust pipe silencer and by separating engine vibrating parts. Power mechanical equipment shall be periodically repaired and maintained. Equipment operation noise level is often increased due to vibration of loose parts and silencer. Idle equipment shall be immediately stopped and transportation vehicles shall slow down and reduce the use of horn when entering the site. (4) Try to reduce the use of whistle, clock and horn for direction of work and use modernized communication equipment to substitute for them. Operate mechanical equipment according to regulations and reduce manmade noise. (5) A small quantity of blasting work may be encountered in earthwork excavation. Although blasting work * has instantaneous impact, blasting noise is great and has great impact on site construction personnel and nearby villagers. Therefore blasting work is prohibited at night.
129 2) Clean water conveyance main pipe project and urban water distribution ring network project
As pipeline of this project needs to pass through residential areas such as Hengjie Town and the sensitive points such as schools and hospitals, it is necessary to ensure the following treatment and control measures:
cPublicize environmental protection requirement in construction section and set up and publicize hot line for customers' complaints about project interference;
(Z)Selection of construction time. Construction is prohibited from 10:00 PM to 6:00 AM in the construction section where there are residents within lOOm along the pipeline .
&Limit the use of high noise construction equipment.
®)Compensation for the residents near construction location.
(5) Transport vehicle horn, engine sound, concrete mnixer sound and pile driving for foundation treatment etc will cause impact of environmental noise. In order to ensure the quality of acoustic environment in residential area and effectively control the environmental noise pollution in construction site and surrounding areas, it is necessary to carry out construction by stages and try to shorten construction period. In the area near residential area, it is necessary to use advanced construction technology and low noise equipment and rationally arrange construction time to safeguard the people's health in noise sensitive areas. 4.2.4 Solid waste impact analysis and prevention and control measure during construction period 4.2.4.1 Solid waste impact analysis during construction period
Main solid wastes during construction are construction domestic refuse and construction waste residues. Construction waste residues include building waste materials, waste earth and other solid wastes. If domestic refuses in construction area is not properly managed, it will cause propagation of mosquitoes and flies and even breakout of epidemic diseases to workers in construction area, and additionally nearby residents will be affected by mosquitoes and flies, odor and diseases. Construction wastes will be collected, cleared and transported by the construction company to the designated location for treatment. This section mainly analyzes the environmental impact caused by construction wastes of this project.
1) Raw water catchment and conveyance project
As raw water catchment and tunnel conveyance project has many buildings and needs to excavate tunnel, a great deal of earthwork may be produced during project construction and the main construct waste is waste earth.
The main buildings of this project are water inlet, intake tunnel and collecting well etc. The total excavation of earth and stone during construction of raw water catchment and tunnel conveyance project is 246,800m3, including 50.000m3 earth, 48,400m3 open cut stone and 148,400m3 tunnel rocks. Considering stone bulk factor 1.3, the total waste will be 305,800m3, of which 195,100m3 from water inlet, Jiangao, Wangjiaao and Daoao working faces is transported out and used for urban construction of Ningbo City, l0,000m3 is utilized for this water diversion project and construction waste residues are 100,600m3.
For waste spoil produced from construction, its main environmental impact is the occupation of some land. This project will build four excavation waste dumps for mucks, which occupy 61mu land. and present land is forest land. Land occupation by excavation waste dump will affect the growth of vegetation in the muck stacking area and weaken the original water and soil conservation capability accordingly. in case heavy rain washes away
130 mud and soil, water and soil erosion will be exasperated and dust nuisance will be produced. If no necessary prevention measure is taken for the site, the mucks may be washed by rainwater and flood into river course to cause river course siltation in thunderstorm season and raise water level to affect flood safety. Therefore it is necessary to well carry out water and soil conservation work for excavation waste dump.
2) Water purification plant project I
As water purification plant is situated on hill side, smooth blasting is used, side slope is excavated and ravine reclamation is made. Although a large quantity of earth and stone is produced during project construction, waste residues will not be generated as the quantity of earth and stone from side slope excavation is basically same as that from ravine reclamation.
During construction of water purification plant, waste building materials, industrial surplus materials and leftover refuses will be produced. These solid wastes will be collected and reutilized by the construction company and the owner and those unable to be utilized can be transported to the designated location for safe landfill.
3) Clean water conveyance main pipe project and urban water distribution ring network project
The main solid wastes produced by clean water conveyance main pipe project and urban water distribution ring network project during construction period are temporary construction earth piles and domestic refuses.
In project construction, temporary earth piles may be made on the two sides of channels due to earthwork excavation. If management is improper, dust nuisance and sandstorm may be caused in case of wind to affect the environment. Pipeline construction belongs to linear engineering without wide-range excavation surface and temporary piled earth will be used for backfill and original land function will be restored. After completion of construction, temporary piled earth will not generate environmental impact. 4.2.4.2 Solid waste prevention and control measure during construction period
1) Treatment of construction waste residues and earth
To reduce soil erosion caused by waste residues, it is necessary to try to reduce land occupation by waste residues and temporary waste residues during construction. The excavated earth and stone shall be sufficiently utilized. Design of this project has made preliminary balance for earth and stone, and earth and stone from tunnel excavation shall try to be used as concrete aggregate. For the redundant part, this project will set four excavation waste dumps for treatment. Considering land occupation and transportation, excavation waste dumps are arranged near residue outlet so as to reduce land occupation by temporary construction road and transportation distance and alleviate environmental pollution and ecological damage. Table 4-4 shows the situation of the four planned excavation waste dumps.
Table 4-4Situation of four planned excavation waste dumps Capacity of 1 Floor area No. Location dump Waste residues (source of earth) (10.00Dmrn) Nlountain flatland NonaI engfia 3 Excavated earth and rocks from #1 I# i near Zhengjia 3.1 cosrcinai 18 jVillaize : 131 Village __l_l___l l Lmountain flatland l 4t mntainfan Excavated earth and rocks from #1 10 n Village construction adit flatland Vmountainmountain flatland Excavated earth and rocks from #I l 4# near Songxiang 4.2 i d5. l______Village construction adit Total 10.3 61 In order to reduce soil and water erosion of excavation waste dump, grouted rubble retaining wall for blocking will be built outside the excavation waste dump before waste residues are discarded to maintain the basic stability of excavation waste dump. Layered waste discarding is made and compaction is made while discarding. In order to reduce erosion to waste residues by surrounding accumulated water, drainage facilities will be built around the excavation waste dump to discharge the surrounding accumulated water. The top and side slope of excavation waste dump will be leveled, covered with soil and completely restored to forest land or be protected by means of landscaping after completion of waste discarding. For the specific prevention and control measures of soil and water erosion for the four excavation waste dumps, refer to 4.2.7 "Soil and water erosion impact analysis and prevention measure during construction period". 3 The total waste of this project is 305,800m and design of this project has made preliminary balance for earth and stone, and earth and stone from tunnel excavation shall be used as concrete aggregate. This project and 3 Ningbo urban construction will utilize totally 205,100m waste residues and the remaining part will be transported to the above four excavation waste dump for disposal. As excavation waste dump will occupy forest land, improper protection of waste soil will cause dust nuisance and possibly soil and water erosion etc, it is suggested that waste residues be comprehensively utilized as much as possible. Waste residues mainly come from stones produced from tunnel excavation of raw water catchment and tunnel conveyance project and can be used to fill and level up road and bottom.land for the building construction and road construction of the projects being built and planned in Dongqiao Town in Yinxi area where the project is located. For earth work, as it is excavated fresh soil uncontamninated by construction, it can be used to repair farmland and green belt or cover refuse site to reduce the quantity of waste residues as much as possible. 2) Treatment of building wastes and industrial surplus materials The solid wastes such as building wastes and industrial surplus materials during construction are from diversified sources'and of various kinds. Construction organization and the owner shall first consider reutilization or sales. If not possible, construction organization shall contact local waste soil office to deliver it to the designated location for disposal. 3) Treatment measure of construction domestic refuses Construction organization will provide domestic refuse container, collecting equipment and transport vehicles. Construction organization shall appoint cleaning personnel to collect, clear up and transport construction domestic refuses to the location for disposal designated by local environmental sanitation department 4) Other measures I 32 When poisonous and harmful wastes are encountered during construction, temporarily stop construction and contact local environmental protection and sanitary authorities. When they have taken treatment measures, construction can be continued. Vehicle overloading is prohibited. Vehicles carrying solid wastes shall prevent spillage of wastes. 5)Disposal of wastes in construction site Engineering construction need a large number of workers and the quantity of actually needed workers depends on the degree of mechanization of construction company. Construction of water purification plant may be possibly divided into several parts which are carried out simultaneously. Construction company will provide temporary accommodation for workers in temporary working area. Project developer and construction company shall contact local environmental sanitation department to timely clear away domestic wastes in construction site. Construction company shall strengthen education for construction personnel not to litter about wastes so as to ensure the sanitary quality of workers' working and living environment. 6) Advocacy of civilized construction Construction company is required to try to reduce the impact on surrounding residents, factories and schools during construction, advocate civilized construction, and realize "people caring project". It is necessary to hold liaison meeting with Construction Company, sub-district office and the owner to promptly coordinate and resolve environmental impact problems in construction. 7)Formulation of waste treatment and transport plan Construction Company, jointly with the department concerned, will formulate disposal plan for wastes of this project. It can contact related transport department for transport plan and vehicle transport shall avoid rush hours. Project developer, jointly with transport department, shall carry out professional ethics education for drivers to make them transport the wastes according to specified lines, and shall check plan execution at irregular intervals. If poisonous or hazardous wastes is encountered during construction, it is necessary to stop construction temporarily and promptly contact local environmental protection and sanitation departments and continue construction after they have taken treatment measures. 4.2.5 Ecological environmental impact analysis and prevention, and control measure during construction period 4.2.5.1 Ecological environmental impact analysis during construction period Impact of this project on ecological environment during construction period mairly includes the impact of raw water catchment and conveyance project construction on reservoir aquatic ecosystem. impact of excavation waste dump on forest land ecology, impact of tunnel construction on temporarily used forest land, impact of permanently occupied land by water purification plant project, and impact of clean water conveyance main pipe and urban water distribution ring network project on forest land ecosystem, agricultural ecosvstem, river aquatic ecosystem and soil ecology. 1) Impact analysis of reservoir and river aquatic ecosystem 133 During construction of raw water catchment and conveyance project, some mud and sand may enter reservoir to affect reservoir water quality and ecological environment. When pipes run through rivers and fish used ponds, they may cause some impact on bottom materials of rivers and fish ponds if pipe sinking method is for for construction. When running through Huangzhi River, underwater excavation and burying method is used construction in river course, which will disturb bottom materials of rivers and cause some impact. after Impact on aquatic ecosystem is mainly because content of suspended substances in water increases of entry of mud and sand or agitation of bottom materials. From aquatic ecosystem point of view, increase of suspended substances weakens euphotic layer thickness in water body so that it reduces primary productivity of living water body and causes decrease of phytoplankton biomass, which generates impact on the quantity suspended beings in the higher-level biological chain, e.g. reduction of fish biomass. At the same time, excessive test result substances generate significant inhibiting effect on the survival of caridoid larva. With reference to the generate of suspended sediment toxic effect on aquatic organisms, when suspended sediment reaches 9mg/l, it will some impact on the survival rate of zooplankton and photosynthesis of phytoplankton. 2) Impact analysis of forestry ecosystem and agricultural ecosystem The main impact of this project on forest ecosystem and agricultural ecosystem is mainly manifested in the Land land occupation by raw water catchment and conveyance project and water purification plant project. occupation by the project is divided into permanent land occupation and temporary land occupation. This project will make a permanent requisition of 213mu collectively owned land including 200mu for land Maojiaping Water Works (of which 140mu is for plant area) and 13mu for tunnel portal. Temporary occupation is totaly 1,561.32mu, of which 11 Imu is for raw water catchment and conveyance project, including is for 50mu for construction site such as living buildings, warehouses and construction shop facilities, and 61mu The present excavation waste dump, including 78mu mountain forest, 22mu farmland and I Imu fritillary land, land of excavation waste dump is forest. Permanent land occupation directly changes original surface configuration and present land utilization to situation and causes permanent loss of biological productivity, ecological environment being impossible damage recover. Temporary land occupation changes the original surface configuration and results in vegetation farmland and farmland deterioration in a certain penod. Its direct impact on agricultural ecological environment is ecological occupation and resultant agricultural loss. With project retirement and manual landscape and restoration, the biological productivity and original land utilization function can be restored to some extent. very Although this project occupies some land, the proportion of various land occupation in existing land is utilization low Therefore land occupation by this project will not bring significant adverse effect on local land structure. 3) Vegetation damage and animal impact Vegetation damage and animal impact during construction can be divided into permanent habitat damage, habitat disturbance and temporary habitat disturbance. (1) Permanent habitat damage l134 Excavation of intake tunnel involves 12 working faces and will permanently occupy some forest land. Plants will be felled and vegetation will be affected, causing damage to bird habitat. The region where site of water purification plant is selected belongs to low mountain hill and existing hillside vegetation coverage is sparse and is mainly shrubbery. Construction may cause unrecoverable damage of some habitats, for example, felling plants causes damage to bird habitat. During project construction, if original vegetation in the selected site area is basically damaged, the birds, insects and reptiles (e.g. snake) that rely on these plants as habitat will completely disappear. (2) Habitat disturbance During project construction, activities of the construction company and construction noise may disturb the living beings in the scope of work. Due to disturbance by human activities, some animals may temporarily leave to evade human activities and vegetation damage in construction area will force animals to leave for surrounding areas. Such disturbance will not cause reduction of animal species and quantity and its impact is transient. (3) Temporary habitat disturbance Some sudden manmade incidents during construction will cause disturbance to ecological environment in this region, but such disturbance is recoverable. Generally, covering soil on top of pipes is usually 2.0-2.5m deep. Therefore as long as restoration of vegetation above pipes after pipe burial is carried out, original habitat will not be greatly affected. During construction of clean water conveyance main pipe, in order to lay pipes, excavation and backfill will be made to forest land and farmland and excavation will cause impact on vegetation ecological environment. After backfilling, forest land and farmland can be basically restored to original ecological level. 4) Construction impact on soil environment Main soil type along the line of the planned project is clay. Soil is a type of complicated complex of inorganic and organic substances and is composed of mineral substances, water, air and living organism while good condition of water, manure, air, heat and cultivation determines the extent of soil fertility. Construction activities will surely affect soil physicochemical property and soil structure to cause soil environment. (1) Impact on soil structure Soil structure is the combined situation of various soil layers in soil profile, and characteristic and physicochemucal property of different soil layers differ greatly. As long as structure is concerned, top soil density is moderate with better micro aggregate structure and good hair canal performance and bottom subsoil is relatively tight and heavy. In terms of nutrient, top soil is much better than subsoil layer and it has high content of organic matter, total nitrogen, and rapidly available phosphorus and potassium nutrients. Its density and oore situation is moderate and it has strong soil workability, and active microorganisms. Pipe construction will surely disturb and orniinal soil structure and make original soil layer combination disordered, causing mixing of immature soil mellow soil, aggregate structure damage, soil capillary breakage, adverse change of microorganism species and quantity and inability to well decompose and release soil nutrients. As a result, soil nature is deteriorated and ground vegetation growth is further affected and even difficult to restore. 135 (2) Impact on soil density density. Excessively loose When pipes are backfilled after buried, it is usually difficult to restore original soil layer apparently collapse to form backfill will cause infiltration of irrigation and precipitation and make and infiltration of water. As a result, groove; and excessively dense backfill will affect growth of plant root system is difficult to restore into the production soil productivity level above pipe and adjacent section will decrease and level before construction. personnel and rolling by material In addition, during pipeline construction period, treading by construction of top soil on the two sides of pipes and transportation vehicles and heavy machinery will also cause over-density on the growth of plants. reduce soil permeability and water permeability, generating adverse impact 4.2.5.2 Prevention and control measure 1) Aquatic ecological environmental protection measure generate some impact. Therefore Construction in river course will disturb bottom material of rivers and the selection of construction time and during river construction period, it is necessary to pay attention to operation time and restore original construction method. River excavation shall be in dry flow period to shorten river appearance as soon as possible. impact on river water quality. Agitation absorption type dredger shall be used in river dredging to reduce to prevent machinery oil stain Underwater construction machinery shall be kept clean during construction restore natural ground and carry out from polluting water body. After completion of construction, immediately waste materials and surface cleanings river obstacle clearing work to facilitate river flood drainage. Construction transported or disposed according to shall not be dumped near water body and shall be promptly cleared and regulations. measure 2) Forestry ecological environmental and agricultural ecological protection (1) Forestry ecological environmental protection measure to reduce the resultant forest Earthwork excavation area in tunnel construction shall be strictly controlled strictly according to forest felling land damage. During construction, it is necessary to clear surface vegetation at will. plan and not to increase felling quantity and area and change felling object shall be taken to compensate for At the same time, the measure of forest restoration in different location forest loss caused by construction. and the top and side slope of Waste residues will be comprehensively utilized as much as possible restored to forest land or be protected by excavation waste dump will be leveled, covered with soil and completely of water purification plant, it is means of landscaping after completion of waste discarding. After completion plant various trees, climbing plants and necessary to increase in-plant forestation area, well conduct landscaping, On the interior of enclosing wall of herbal plants and arrange building ornament to improve landscaping quality. area. Plant area forestation rate is 307 plant area, shrubs with strong absorption are arranged to form an isolated (2) Agricultural ecological environmental protection measure 13h Optimize configuration scheme of construction detour to reduce temporary land occupation and quantity of occupied farmland. During construction in farmland section, construction vehicles shall try to utilize existing road so as to build as few construction detours as possible and shall run strictly according to designed construction detours to protect crops and surface vegetation. To reduce impact of construction dust nuisance on agricultural production, construction activities shall try to avoid crop pollination period. If it is difficult to avoid the period, it is necessary to spray water to construction site. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen construction management and actively advocate civilized construction. Construction period shall try to avoid rush period (mainly seedling time and harvesting time). If it is difficult to avoid such period, arrange traveling route in advance for farmers' agricultural production and set conspicuous guide sign on temporary route. Vehicles transporting road materials and waste earth must be covered with tarpaulin to prevent occurrence of dust nuisance. Road materials piled on construction site shall also be covered with tarpaulin. Excavation work is forbidden in gale and heavy rain weather. 3) Vegetation and animal protection measure In construction, try to retain the vegetation in the selected site area and ensure work is carried out in the range of red line diagram to prevent enlargement of ecological interference zone and alleviate ecological interference degree. Landscaping shall be made in the selected site area for tunnel construction and water purification plant and additionally land for buildings and roads shall try to use as less existing open space as possible to reduce manmade impact on space. The area near water purification plant must undergo ecological restoration work, which is mainly to rebuild suitable vegetation and biocommunity, restore ecological landscape and avoid and mitigate aesthetic defect and natural environmental damage. Build environmental protection responsibility system, perfect management system, and determine management and supervision personnel to carry out effective supervision for and prevention from the rough construction and the behaviors against operating rules. 4) Soil environmental protection measure To reduce impact of pipe trench excavation and filling on soil, the construction method of layered excavation, layered piling and layered earth covering can be used and pollution prevention and control measure can be taken to eliminate the impact of waste material and wastewater on soil during construction. Therefore. although this project has relatively great impact on the soil in the construction work range during constructiol and needs some time to restore the soil, these impacts can be reduced to the acceptable degree by taking strict management measures. In addition, pipeline construction work is usually limited to the narrow strip shaped range and work tinme is short. thus it will not involve surrounding areas and has small impact on regional ecological environment. Furthermiore, on the north of water works is massif higher than the elevation of water works. Considerin2 flood prevention safety of the water works, flood prevention trench is provided outside the enclosing wall on the 137 north of the water works to collect and discharge rain water to the low valleys on the two sides of the water works. This is also conducive to the prevention of soil erosion. 5) Mitigation measure for ecological impact on construction site Generally, the covering soil depth for pipeline is 2.0 - 2.5m. Therefore, it will have little impact after recovering the vegetation after backfilling. Some measures may also used to relieve their impacts on ecological system. Measures must be taken to protect the water and soil resources during construction with reducing the damage on vegetation to minimum. The construction companies must take compensative measures to correct or recover the damages on ecological environmental. All the temporary facilities must be removed while the site must be clean before the withdrawal from site. The plantation activities should also be performed. 6)Maojiaping Water Plant The measures taken are to increase green belts in all possible way with planting of multiple kinds of trees, climbing plants and grass. The landscape building should also be arranged to improve the landscape. The shrubbery with strong absorption ability and resistance to pollutant should be planted along the inside perimeter of the enclosure to form an isolation belt. The stipulated plant ratio in plant area is 30%. The plantation task undertaken by construction companies must be detailed stipulated in contractual term with guarantee on living ratio. 4.2.5.3Tacking and monitoring of recovering of ecological environment The tracing and monitoring should be performed on the vegetation community ecological index after the taking of relieving and recovering measures on ecological environment to collect information on the recovering results, especially on the improvement of soil erosion. The ecological situations in this area may measured with the status of biodiversity and biological mass. 4.2.6 Groundwater environmental impact analysis and prevention and control measure during construction period 4.2.6.1 Groundwater environmental impact analysis during construction period According to the project composition analysis, impact.may be caused to the groundwater environment during construction of water catchment, conveyance tunnel, clean water conveyance line and urban water distribution pipe network. 1) Raw water catchment and conveyance project During construction of water catchment and conveyance tunnel, mainly the groundwater existing in lithoclase seeps to the construction working faces to cause water accumulation in working faces and affect construction. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out special drainage. Pumping drainage of groundwater may possibly cause drop of groundwater level. As rock mass fissure development degree in the project area is low and rock stratum water containment is poor, fissure water is made up by atmospheric precipitation and water quantity is small. In addition, after completion of tunnel construction, grouting is carried out on the inner wall of tunnel. Grouting is carried out in the sequence of first backfill and then consolidation. Backfill grouting is carried out using the method of sequential compaction after lining concrete reaches 70% design strength and is constructed in two steps. Consolidation 138 grouting is constructed by the method of inter-ring sequence and intra-ring compaction and in-hole circulating one-time grouting method is used to avoid tunrrel water leakage. Thus it can be seen that manual pumping drainage of groundwater in tunnel construction will cause great drop of regional groundwater level. As the quality of groundwater drained out from tunnel is usually good, it can be discharged into nearby streams after simple sedimentation treatment. However the groundwater containing waste oil produced from oily construction shall not be directly discharged into nearby rivers and needs treatment before discharge. As waste residues piled in excavation waste dumps contain no poisonous and harmful substances, they will not pollute groundwater after anti-seepage and anti-leakage measures are taken. 2) Clean water conveyance main pipe and urban water distribution ring network project During groove excavation for clean water conveyance main pipe and urban water distribution pipe network, groundwater may seep into grooves in the local section where groundwater level is shallow (less than 2m) and drainage is needed. As groove excavation depth is usually in 2m range and groove leak water is mostly phreatic water in loose sediment, it is made up by atmospheric precipitation and water quantity is small. Similarly, manual pumping drainage of groundwater will cause great drop of regional groundwater level and the discharged groundwater is usually discharged into nearby surface streams. 4.2.6.2 Groundwater pollution prevention and control measure during construction period The project area is situated in the South river network region and surface water and groundwater are closely related, thus polluted groundwater is even more difficult to control. During construction, particularly domestic wastewater must be treated before discharge and shall not be treated by way of seepage pit to avoid pollution of groundwater. During exploration and tunnel construction, if aquifer uncovering and penetration is needed, it is necessary to strictly carry out differential *shut of water and hole sealing work according to requirement of related specification to prevent pollution-of groundwater. For waste residues piled in excavation waste dumps, it is necessary to confirm whether they have poisonous and harmful and dangerous solid wastes and take anti-seepage and anti-leakage measures. 4.2.7 Soil erosion impact analysis and environmental protection measure during construction period 1) Impact analysis In the construction section (including transportation detour), due to treading by construction personnel and destruction of machinerv operation to surface vegetation and soil structure, area-by-area exposed land will be caused and soil erosion (including wind erosion and water erosion) will occur in case of rainstorm and gale weather. During construction, various working surfaces (including material yard detour) tend to cause wind erosion under the action of wine force especially gale, which appears mainlv as construction dust nuisance. Cumulous soil generated from construction tends to cause sand dust by gales in spring and autumn due to soil looseness and cause soil and water erosion. 139 Due to loose earthwork in working face during excavation and filling work in construction period, new soil and water erosion tends to be caused under the action of rainwater and flood washing. The present land of excavation waste dump is forest land. Land occupation by excavation waste dump will affect the growth of vegetation in the muck stacking area and weaken original water and soil conservation capability accordingly. In case heavy rain washes away mud and soil, water and soil erosion will be exasperated and dust nuisance will be produced. When this construction is completed, as restoration of soil structure and natural vegetation in construction area needs some time, soil and water erosion along the line will continue. But with extension of time, change of soil structure, restoration of surface vegetation and completion of some protection such as forestation measure, revetment and other protection work, the range and impact degree of soil and water erosion will be gradually reduced. (2) Prevention and control measure For temporarily occupied land for the construction, after completion of construction, it is necessary to clean up the site and plant climbing. woody plant-bindwood-on the slope toe of cut surface of outlet and inlet of water conveyance tunnel and construction lateral tunnels. Earth produced from excavation of burial pipes shall be piled up on the nearby open space. Time for temporarily piled earth is relatively short and it is necessary to conduct temporary protection to prevent soil erosion. After earth is completely utilized for backfilling or discarded on excavation waste dump, it is necessary to carry out land re-cultivation to recover land resources. Coffer dam protection is needed at the inlet and outlet of respective tunnel sections to prevent water from flowing into tunnel to ensure safety of tunnel construction. Pipe construction for Jiangao section, Wangjiaao section and Daoao section shall adopt staged diversion by coffer dam and incoming water flows through narrow rivers. Coffer dam 3 uses straw bag coffer cam with amount of works being 1,500m . When this project is completed, it is.necessary to well carry out landscaping and beautifying work in the temporarily occupied land and project management area and promptly level the site and.plant trees to conserve water and soil and optimize ecology. To reduce soil and water erosion caused by waste residues, it is necessary to reduce land occupation by waste residues and temporary waste residues during construction. New built road to the plant shall adopt the method of excavation and filling balance and try to reduce the production of waste residues. Design of this project has made preliminary balance for earth and stone, and earth and stone from tunnel excavation shall try to be used as concrete aggregate and the remaining part is discarded in nearby excavation waste dump. The project plans to build four excavation waste dumps. Respective excavation waste dumps will be provided with different protection means depending on the quantity of piled waste residues. 1) #1 excavation waste dump (situated in the col near Zhengjia Village) To facilitate handling of waste residues and try to reduce land occupation by construction, the total 30,000m3 (natural m') waste residues excavated from the working face of Zhenjia adit can be piled in the col near Zhenjia Village. Piling area is 1.2hm- and piling height is 2.5m. At the tinme of piling, a lOOmL x 2.OmH x 0.5m T(op)W grouted rubble retaining wall shall be first built outside the excavation waste dump with 1:0.1 external 140 side slope and 1:0.4 intemal side slope. Height of ground part is I Sm, buried depth of foundation is 0.5m, and 3 maximum bottom width is .25m. It needs 195m block stone and 50kg Dichondra, greening grass seeds. 3 According to the greening need of excavation waste dump, the 2,500m excavated surface planting soil can be piled in an unoccupied land within the range of excavation waste dump and temporary straw bag protection be made. When all waste residues are piled, pile the excavated surface planting soil on the waste residues and level it up and then plant greening grass. 2) #2 excavation waste dump (situated in the col near Jianao Village) To facilitate handling of waste residues and try to reduce land occupation by construction, the total 3 3 15,000m (natural m ) waste residues excavated from the working face of Jianao adit can be piled in the col near Jianao Village. Piling area is 0.53hm2 and piling height is 2.8m. At the time of piling, a 70mL x 2.OmH x 0.5m T(op)W grouted rubble retaining wall shall be first built outside the excavation waste dump with 1:0.1 external side slope and 1:0.4 internal side slope. Height of ground part is 1.5m, depth of foundation is 0.5m, and maximum bottom width is 1.25m. It needs 136m3 block stone and 50kg Dichondra, greening grass seeds. According to the greening need of excavation waste dump, the l,lOOm3 excavated surface planting soil can be piled in an unoccupied land within the range of excavation waste dump and temporary straw bag protection be made. When all waste residues are piled, pile the excavated surface planting soil on the waste residues and level it up and then plant greening grass. 3) #3 excavation waste dump (situated in the col near Jianao Village) To facilitate handling of waste residues and try to reduce land occupation by construction, the total 15,OOOm3 (natural m3) waste residues excavated from the working face of Jianao adit can be piled in the col near Jianao Village. Piling area is 0.66hm2 and piling height is 2.3m. At the time of piling, a 70mL x 2.OmH x 0.5m T(op)W grouted rubble retaining wall shall be first built outside the excavation waste dump with 1:0.1 external side slope and 1:0.4 internal side slope. Height of ground part is 1.5mn, depth of foundation is O.Sm, and maximum bottom width is 1.25m. It needs 136m3 block stone and 50kg Dichondra, greening grass seeds. According to the greening need of excavation waste dump, the 1,300m3 excavated surface planting soil can be piled in an unoccupied land within the range of excavation wastte dump and temporary straw bag protection be made. When all waste residues are piled, pile the excavated surface planting soil on the waste residues and level it up and then plant greening grass. 4) #4 excavation waste dump (situated in the col near Songxiang Village) To facilitate handling of waste residues and try to reduce land occupation by construction, the total 50.000m' (natural rn') waste residues excavated from the tunnel.outlet and surge shaft can be piled in the col near Songxiang Village. Piling area is 1.66hm2 and piling height is 3m. At the time of piling, a 120mL x 2.5mH x O.Sm T(op)W grouted rubble retaining wall shall be first built outside the excavation waste dump with 1:0.1 external side slope and 1:0.4 internal side slope. Height of ground part is 1.7m. depth of foundation is 0.8m, and maximum bottom width is 1.35m. It needs 320m 3 block stone and 60kg Dichondra, greening grass seeds. According to the greening need of excavation waste dump, the 13,20m' excavated surface planting soil can be piled in an unoccupied land within the range of excavation waste dump and temporary straw bag protection be made. When 141 and then all waste residues are piled, pile the excavated surface planting soil on the waste residues and level it up plant greening grass. it is As excavation waste dump will occupy forest land and may possibly cause water and soil erosion, excavation of suggested that comprehensive utilization be made as much as possible. Stones produced from tunnel land for the raw water catchment and tunnel conveyance project can be used to fill and level up road and bottom Town in building construction and road construction of the projects being constructed and planned in Dongqiao by Yinxi area where the project is located. For earth work, as it is excavated fresh soil uncontanminated of waste construction, it can be used to repair farmland and green belt or cover refuse site to reduce the quantity residues as much as possible. 4.2.8 The affection on labor's health during construction (1) Impact on people's health labor of The average labor number used during the construction of this project is 1200 person/day with peak one year. 1600 person/day. The total labor used is about 400,000 workdays. The total construction period is about densely During the construction, the bursting out of the contagious diseases is very easy happened because of the Therefore, used large amount of labors, limited construction site, unfavorable living conditions in working site. attention must by paid on the hygiene conditions in working area. (2) Mitigation measure and During construction of the project, it is required to set medical and sanitary facilities in living quarters in water well conduct medical and sanitary work in the construction area; strengthen quarantine management of catchment and canteen to disinfect and monitor supply water sources and ensure environmental sanitation prohibit the construction area; carry out comprehensive physical exarmiination for construction personnel and diseases personnel having infectious diseases from entering construction site. The personnel having infectious canteen shall be separated and treated and the people around them shall be treated with prophylactic inoculation; diseases and staff shall undergo periodic physical examination and shall be treated if found to have epidemic transferred. from canteen to prevent outbreak of infectious diseases. 4.2.9 Social impact analysis and mitigation measure during construction period 4.2.9.1 Social impact analysis during construction period which During construction period, it will cause short term impact on the social environment along the line, mainly includes: of (I) Construction occupies farmland and road, which increases the load of existing road and affects travel nearby villagers; (2) Construction vehicles frequently pass by such densely populated areas such as villages and schools. which may possibly cause hidden trouble for local traffic accidents, (3) Uncivilized behaviors of some construction personnel may cause impact on local residents and crops. of The above impacts can be avoided to a great extent or completed eliminated through rational arrangement perfect construction plan and civilized construction. Therefore the construction company shall formulate construction plan and strictly require construction personnel to alleviate social impact caused by construction. 142 4.2.9.2 Mitigation measure for social impact caused by construction period (1) Formulate traffic control plan in advance, issue announcement, rationally set combination of cross roads for the principal part of project and pipeline construction as well as temporary bypass road and minimize the enclosed construction period of major cross roads. Engineering construction will inevitably affect the traffic in this area. Project developer shall sufficiently consider this factor when formulating implementation scheme and shall avoid rush hours for the special bumper-to-bumper traffic road (e.g. adopt night transport to ensure smoothness in day time). (2) Reserve detour at the organizations, markets, farmland and residential areas on the two sides of the line as well as connection to other road networks, smooth passengers and vehicles to prevent traffic jam or use other means to notify related organizations of changing to other roads in advance and set conspicuous sign for temporary bypass route at main road junctions. (3) When construction is made in urban residential area and villages and towns, it is necessary to set duty post at construction road section to smooth traffic and ensure travel safety of passengers. (4) If culture relics, historic site or cultural heritage is found during construction period, immediately stop construction and seal up them on the spot and promptly contact local cultural relic management department for negotiation and treatment. (5) If strong vibration construction is needed near villages, monitor adobe residential houses near construction site to prevent accidents. 4.3 Environmental impact assessment and environmental protection measure during operation period 4.3.1 Impact on regional water resource optimizing allocation and source water protection measure 4.3.1.1 Impact on optimizing allocation of regional water sources Analysis of the project water resource demonstration report has sufficiently showed that water sources in Ningbo City are not evenly distributed in term of time and space and must be adjusted by reservoir and water diversion project. Thirty percent of the water supplied by Ningbo's water plants is necessary living water for residents. Forty percent of it will be used by industrial production. The average water consumption rating of Ningbo's industry enterprises reaches the most advanced water utilization level in China with high unit production value and reasonable structures due to the good industry foundation of Ningbo City. The enlarged water supply will helps the production of highet economic and social benefits. According to the evaluation on the existing water environment in Ningbo City, the water quality of reservoir is better than that of the river; the quality of branch of Yongjiang River is better than mainstream; the quality of nver is better than internal waterway network. The project follows the water source configuration principle that used better source water for high grade demands. In addition, there are following problems in the water supply for urban and country town area of Ningbo Cito: I ) The water supply capacity of central city cannot meet the demand of present and future development The water suppl\ demand of central city is already 861,000 m3/d in 2003. The designed total supply capacitv is only 820.000 m3/d for water plants, which cannot meet the present demand. The capacity of existing 143 water plant is far from the demand of this area with the further development of the econmomy and resident's living level in the central city ( 2) The water quality of the water plants in urban area is unsatisfied Meiling Water Plant (designed output of 100,000 m3/d) use Yao River as water source. But the water quality of Yao River is classified as I1I-IV, which is not qualified for living and drinking water resource. Partial the raw water (250,00 m3/d) of Jiangdong Water Plant is supplied from the Nantang River water resource from Jinxin Waterway Network. In dry seasons, the water quality provided by the water plant will be influenced due the degradation of raw water quality with the increased concentration of pollutant in the waterways. a. The water quality of the water plants built in 1960- 1970 is difficult to meet the water quality criteria of existing national "Hygiene Code for Living and Drinking Water". The water plant can only increase the dosage of coagulant and chlorine to meet existing quality criteria. This method increases the concentration of aluminum and chlorine in the water that influence safe drinking. b. The existing coagulating- precipitating - filtering - disinfecting process and facilities encounter many difficulties in meeting the requirement on water quality and water planted stipulated in the "Hygiene Code for Drinking Water and Living Water" issued by Ministry of Public Health in 2001 and in the "Standard Guidelines for Modern Water Plant of Zhejiang Province (Draft) ". (3) The water supply quality of most of the township water plants cannot meet the existing national standard for living and drinking water with bad water source, small capacity, simple facilities and equipment. a. The quality of the surface water sources used by these water plant doesn't meet the national standard Besides the water plants use reservoir or underground water as water source. There are about 30 township water plants use the water in Jinxin, Jindong, Zhenhai and Beilun waterway networks. The water quality of these waterways at observation stations all fails to meet the criteria for Class II as the centralized water sources for living and drinking. b. Township water plants features small capacity, simple and low-graded equipment and facilities 3 Known from the statistics data, the total output of 41 township water plant is 488,000 m /d and only 3 3 11,900 m3/d in average. The smallest output is only 1500 m /d and largest output of 40,000 m /d. With the small scale and aimed at provide tap water, these water plants didn't pay enough attention on water quality. The purification equipment or facilities mostly are out-of-date and simple that cannot guarantee the water quality and safety. c. Lacking of professional management and technical staff with unqualified inspection method The township water plants are under the administration of township government. The professional management and technical staff are impossible for these small plants. The low management level of them also influence the water supply safety and improvement of water quality. Most plants don't have the instrumentation and technician for complete standard water quality inspection tests. Generally, only the turbiditv and residential chlorine will be inspected. It is not enough for overall understand of water quality. d. Serious leakage in pipe network 144 The leakage ratio in the distribution network in towns cannot be calculated with problems on the management and metering. There is no plan and design for these network that are mainly use concrete pipe. The lacking of professional design and construction leads to serious leakage with unqualified pipelines. The situation is changed in recent years. The nodular cast iron pipes have been used in the network with more attention paid on this issue. (4 ) The growth rate of the water distribution network in central city lag behind the growth rate of the urban construction and water demands With the increase of the supply volume and enlarging of water supply scope, the problems on the pressure and safety of the urban network are increased. ( 5 )The long-existed self-service water source of industrial enterprises make the unreasonable utilization of water resource During the construction of some enterprises, they had to build their self-service water supply facilities due to their demands cannot be met with the insufficient capacity of the Ningbo City. There are several dozens enterprise use self-service water resource with total capacity of 460,000 m3/d. Most of these self-service facilities use reservoir as water resource. It is not favorable for the comprehensive utilization of the water resources in Ningbo. With the implementation of. the Zhougongzhai, Jiaokou Reservoir diversion and urban water distribution loop network project, the optimization of the regional water resources will be accomplished to effectively resolve the existing problems on the water supply for the urban and rural residents and industries. 4.3.1.2 Jiaokou Reservoir source water protection measure This project will use Zhougongzhai Reservoir and Jiaokou Reservoir as water source to jointly assume the task of supplying water to Ningbo City. Therefore it is necessary to strengthen water quality monitoring and pollution source investigation and promptly grasp the water quality condition of the reservoirs and catchment area, and well carry out water source protection work according to the "Administrative provisions for pollution prevention and control of Ningbo Drinking water source". At the same time, to protect water resources of Ningbo City, Ningbo Water Environmental Treatment and Control Leading Group Office has compiled the "Study of Ningbo Water Environmental Treatment and Control Countermeasure" which proposes the definite protection measures for drinking water head site in Ningbo City, and presently Ningbo Water Environmental Treatment and Control Leading Group Office is trying to make fund available and implementing various specific measures. The Municipal Government has decided that since January 2004, it will draw a certain percentage from existing water rate specially use it for environmental treatment and protection of water head site. Since the beginning of this year, the city has invested 12,000,000Yuan fund to implement protection project for the water head site of the four major drinking water source reservoirs including Jiaokou Reservoir and the fund is mainly used to collect and dispose the refuses and feces in upstream rain accumulation area and around downstream water catchment and as subsidy for water conservation forest in upstream rain accumulation area, which has gained significant result. Additionally, in order to strengthen environmental protection of water head site, standardize the use of special fund for water source protection and practically realize special fund for special use, the government also has formulated the "Management suggestions on the special fund for special use for the protection of Ningbo water resource protection'". The specific measures involved with the protection of water head site Jiaokou Reservoir of this project are as follows, and the same method is also adopted for Zhougongzhai Reservoir 145 I) Water control according to law Present water pollution prevention and control in Ningbo City is mainly to formulate the method for the pollution of Yaojiang River water resources and it does not involve drinking water protection, thus bringing difficulty to the protection work of water resources. According to national water environmental prevention and control law and experience of domestic brother cities, Ningbo City plans to formulate water pollution prevention and control law for water head site as soon as possible. It will define some water area and land area in domestic and drinking water head site as grade I protection zone and define some range as grade II protection zones outside the grade I protection zone. Protection zones at various levels shall have definite geographical boundary. The law specifies that it is prohibited from discharging wastewater into grade I protection zone for domestic and drinking water surface water source and conducting tourism, swimming and other activities that may pollute water body; it is prohibited from building and expanding the projects unrelated to water supply facilities and water resource protection; the set pollution discharge ports shall be demolished or treated within specified time under the instruction of the people's governments above county level according to authority specified by the State Council. 2) Policy management Establishment of reservoir headstream and reservoir area protection agency: present reservoir management bureau in our city is basically based on engineering management including flood prevention, power generation and irrigation etc. As pollution in the upper reaches of reservoir area is not easy to control, pollution situation is complicated. The cleanness maintaining responsibility assumed by the reservoir management bureau can not cover the towns (townships) in the upper reaches, thus daily management agency is established and special personnel are equipped to control and supervise the pollution in reservoir area and the upper reaches in the principle of "who pollutes pays". The reservoir management bureau can assume the responsibility of cleanness maintenance in reservoir area and the responsibility of supervision for cleanness maintenance in the upper reaches, sign cleanness maintenance responsibility agreement with the town (township) governments in the upper reaches to better supervise local towns (townships) to fulfill the responsibility of cleanness maintenance, and cooperate with other cleanness maintenance projects and measures to carry out control in management. 3) Adoption of engineering and technical measures (I) Comprehensive planning for water resource has listed the protection of drinking water head site as an important planning item. As water quality is directly related to the health of.the people and mass, the protection of water head site is drawing more and more attention from governments at various levels at present. It is in urgent need to protect the key water head sites in Ningbo City through strict planning and special treatment to meet the water demand for people's living and production. (2) Carry oui construction of water quality monitoring station and grasp the water quality change situation of water head site. Water quality monitoring is the basic work for water resource department to grasp the water quality condition of water head site and river network area. At present, water resource department of Ningbo City has not developed this work. In order to link up with the provincial water quality monitoring network, with reference to the planning of water quality monitoring network in advanced cities, .Ningbo City water quality monitoring planning has been compiled and has passed examination recently. It is required to implement this planning as soon as possible to more and more comprehensively grasp water quality data and change situation. 146 4) Planned projects (I) Refuse treatment project Centralized refuse treatment of Jiaokou Reservoir: refuse is the biggest pollution source in the upper reaches of reservoir. There are many villagers in the upper reaches of Jiaokou Reservoir and refuse output is relatively many. At present the water quality of this reservoir has dropped to some extent. Therefore from 2003 to 2007, Zhangshui Town in Yinzhou District and Luting Township in Yuyao City will adopt the practice of towns and villages in the upper reaches of Hengshan Reservoir (see table 4-5) to carry out centralized treatment for refuses as follows: [I] Project investment: supporting projects include demolition of outdoor cesspool and building of public toilet (including I septic tank). If cost of a public toilet is 60,00OYuan and each administrative village has one such toilet, Zhangshui Town needs an investment of 1,800,00OYuan and Luting Township needs 2,340,00OYuan to basically resolve the water quality pollution caused by feces; wastewater pipe system will be built in the long term (after 2007) and the investment needs to be further estimated. In addition, refuse treatment project needs an investment of 2,340,00OYuan (can be implemented by steps; it is suggested that 70% be completed from 2004 to 2005 and all completed from 2006 to 2007). [2] Operation investment If monthly income of one sanitary worker is 600Yuan, wage expenditure will be 1,000,00OYuan/y; after 2007, due to construction of wastewater treatment system, it is necessary to increase management personnel and equipment maintenance personnel, and preliminary estimation of operation cost will increase to 1,200,00OYuan/y. It is suggested that local government contribute capitals and some capitals be taken from water charge in combination with reconstruction of villages in the upper reaches. Tabre 4-5 Configuration of refuse treatment personnel and equipment Sanitary Fixed Mobile Temporary Refuse Hand worker refuse box refuse box yard stansfer buggy Forklift Tractor St truck One village 2 persons I10 8 1. 1 Zhangshui 60 300 . 240 30 1 30 1 4 _ Luting 78 390 312 39 1 39 J 5 (2) Wastewater treatment project With reference to the wastewater treatment practice of Baixi Reservoir and "as treatment is made for domestic non-point source pollution, the main engineenng measures are as follows: [II Anaerobe or aerobe filter cell: anaerobe treatment can adopt anaerobe filter cell with easy management and low operation cost. Aerobe treatment can adopt aerobe contact method with high treatment degree, but its operation cost is high, thus it can be determined according to the distance from reservoir, population, and ecological condition and management level of various villages [2] Public toilet: water flush toilet is used. Those with high treatment capability of septic tank can reach discharge standard. It is advisable to connect the outlet water of septic tank to water treatment svstem and treat the 47 wastewater before discharge. 13] Biomass pool: settling matters in -toilet outlet water settle in biomass pool and undergo anaerobic digestion treatment under natural condition. Additionally, domestic organic refuses can be treated. _ -- - ______~ Rural domestic wastewater treatment process flow chart is as follows: hypochlorite generator ~-Sodium Ij I)5J(omestic water M'Nhijttj: Preliminary sedimentation tank FAtAf ) _ t Anaerobe (or aerobe) treatment iX ijAf: Secondary sedimentation. tank ~Disinfection ~Al:Filtration MR[k: Discharge Irrigation -A*: in*7l(: Tap water *,i4iUJPfi,: Water flush toilet ftiziI: Septic tank iT.-A: Biomass pool iME*:DManure iU ':Marsh gas Domestic energy > tfr-;-<1e iTa iiX it.§ t- C tY Feces are used as manure after anaerobic digestion and decomposition '&lii t Y5i71 'h1 } T S i)t : Rural domestic wastewater treatment process flow chart (3) Breeding of hydrophyte and hydrobiont (The fish breeding method for large- and medium-scaled reservoir such as Jiaokou Reservoir and Hengshan Reservoir uses the common breeding method. The bred fish species in Jiaokou Reservoir are mainiv Brocaded and carp and white carp in the ratio of 7:3 and released density is 25kg/mu. It is contracted by fishery team supervised by reservoir management bureau. As breeding ratio of the two fish species has some impact on water 148 quality, it will increase the pollution of water quality in case of disproportion and will facilitate the improvement of water quality in case of proper proportion. That is why this reservoir experiences occurrence of blue algae each May and June. In order to effectively inhibit the breakout of blue algae in the reservoir, according to breeding experience of related reservoirs in our country, we can use the means of "fish protecting water" for protecting drinking water source to purify reservoir water quality. Silver carp and bighead carp that prey plankton can be put into reservoir to lick up blue algae so as to protect water quality- According to over three years of follow-up research by Chinese Academy of Science, silver carp and bighead carp can absorb and digest 50kg plankton such as blue algae in order to increase one kilo body weight. The occurrence of blue algae in reservoir can be effectively controlled to make water quality of drinking water source be gradually improved.) (4) Control of soil erosion Within the rain collection range of Jiaokou Reservoir, medium and slight soil erosion is great. Through closing the land for reforestation, complementary planting trees in extremely sparse forest land and self ecological rehabilitation of plants themselves, the medium and slight soil erosion can be basically controlled; however due to high mountains and steep slope in the drainage basin, once serious soil erosion occurs due to manmade destruction, it will be very difficult to restore. Therefore first it is necessary to carry out large-area forest reservation and return the cultivated hillside for farming to forestry and grass. For gentle land necessary for farmers, it can be treated by using various measures such as changing the slope to terrace. See table 4-6 for planned soil erosion project of Jiaokou Reservoir. 2 Table 4-6 Jiaokou Reservoir soil erosion and treatment objective (unit: kM ) Na.heof drainage Extremely basin Slight erosion Medium erosion Serious erosion serious Intensive erosion basin______erosion Rain collection area of Jiaokou 55.83 31.38 2.37 0.31 Reservoir Name of drainage Extremely basin Slight erosiori Medium erosion Serious erosion serious Intensive erosion .______erosion Economnic Closing and Grass planting Forest reservation Building bench terrace Ecological forest forest complementary planting 0.3 55.8 0.56 1.2 . 0.79 8.73 Operation cost for management and protection of forest -Ttlcs reservation Total cost Invested capitals 1,200,000-1,500,OOOYuan 38,650,00OYuan (5) Resettlement of affected residents See table 4-7 for population in the built drinking water head site of Ningbo City in the range of rain collection. 149 Table 4-7 Population statistics and ecological resettlement quantity in the upper reaches of main drinking water head site (unit: person) Hengs Tingxi Jiaoko Baixi Siming Sanxipu Lidu Xinlu hana u ~~Lake . ae Total Year Reser L Reservoi L Reserv Others Project reserv Reser Reser v Reservoi Reservoi oir quantity oir voir voir r r o_r 1I00,0 Permanent 2003 21055 10300 28060 11796 34000 6794 2400 2181 > 10000 I 0 population 2007 80,000 (3-5% decrease annually) (person) 2020 30,000-50,000 Invested 2003- If each person is compensated for 30,000-40,00OYuan, totally caItalstfor 20007 600,000,000-800,000,00OYuan is needed and about 160,000,00OYuan is needed capitals for 200 annually. resettlemen After If each person is compensated for 30,000-40,00OYuan, 80,000,00OYuan is needed 2007 annually. From the present situation, the population in the rain collection area in the upper reaches of the five major reservoirs in Ningbo City has exceeded 100,000 people. The effective means to protect water head site is to strictly control the pollution due to concentration of population. The planned resettlement of the affected residents is the most complete method. As situation in all aspects is complicated, it is necessary to move the residents by batches and by stages. Moving can be carried out using the method of first moving the key water head site and then others through reference. Compensation for resettlement is carried out with reference to flowage damage when the water source project is prepared. The residents moving down from mountains can be compensated by means of material objects or capitals. For the residents moving down from mountains by batches, the moving can be carried out as per 3-5% decrease of total population in recent five years. After 2007, the rate will drops to 2.3%. When population drops to an appropriate level, the annual moving quantity of residents can be reduced: 4.3.2 Impact on hydrological regime in the lower reaches and water catchments According to the supply and demand balance calculation result completed by the project water resource demonstration report, the selected series is from 1963 to 2002, 40 years in total. With days as calculated time period, after calculation and analysis of long series day-after-day water quantity balance, the reservoirs shall meet the average water consumption of 9,630,000m3 for irrigation of Yinxi Plain in the lower reaches, average water consumption of 60,000m3 for, animal husbandry, water consumption of 560,000m3 for other purposes and 3,650,000m3 incoming flow for mountainous region in the lower reaches of the dam. Under this condition, urban daily water supply is 473,000t/d, and, considering daily water supply variation factor 1.14, maximum daily water capacity is 540,000t/d, mean annual water supply is 173,000,000m3 and water supply factor of assurance is 95%. Considering 6% linear loss from reservoir to water works, the maximum daily water supply capacity of water works is 500,00Ot/d. The controlled drainage basin area of Jiaokou Reservoir is 259km2, mean annual runoff is 281,000,000m3, and water diversion quantity of this project is 183,000,000m3. Mean annual runoff is greater than water diversion quantity. According to distribution of monthly runoff in the year under mean annual condition, runoff and water diversion in respective months are shown in table 4-8 and figure 4-1. 150 Table 4-1 Comparison of monthly runoff volume and diversion volume tem Runoff volume Diversion Difference between runoff and diversion 3 3 month (in 10,000 m3 ) volume(in 10,000 m ) (in 10,000 m ) 1 927.3 1550 -622.7 2 1461.2 1400 61.2 3 2585.2 1550 1035.2 4 2191.8 1500 691.8 5 2472.8 1550 922.8 6 3681.1 1500 2181.1 7 2669.5 1550 1119.5 8 4018.3 1550 2468.3 9 4692.7 1500 3192.7 10 1742.2 1550 192.2 11 983.5 1500 -516.5 12 730.6 1550 -819.4 TotalIAveg. 28100 18250 9850 ,,,, ^ R., ,. o ~tf \ 1 2 U 4 hI 7 8 4 1( I I Figure 4-1 Comparison between runoff and water diversion of Jiaokou Reservoir It can be seen from table 4-8 and figure 4-1, water diversion quantity is 65% of natural runoff, which means that water diversion reduces 65% of Jiaokou Reservoir sectional flow. Therefore this project will lead to great change of hydrological regime of the rivers in the lower reaches, or has great impact on the hydrological regime of the nvers in the lower reaches. Under mean annual condition, the monthly runoff in November, December and January is greater than the water diversion quantity of the corresponding month. For this reason, it is necessary to meet the demand of water diversion quantity through joint operation of Zhougongzhai Reservoir and Jiaokou Reservoir. The water balance achievement of joint operation of Zhougongzhai Reservoir and Jiaokou Reservoir is shown in table 4-9 and the discarded water quantity of Jiaokou Reservoir is equal to the&total drainage flow minus mak-eup water quantity for irrigation in Yinxi Plain in the lower reaches and the lO,OOOin3/d incoimnm flow in the mountainous region in the lower reaches of the dam. For the 30-year series measured drainage flov. from 1974 to *2003after completion of Jiaokou Reservotr, see table 4-10. To help analyze the drainage flow of Jiaokou Reservoir under different factors of assurance after completion ot this project, on the basis of 40-year balance calculation data from 1963 to 2002 and assurrune drainage tlo%k downstream of Jiaokou Reservoir dam conforms to PIll curve, the monthly average drainage flow before and after water diversion under different factors of assurance P=50%, P=75% and P=90% is given. See table 4-11 and 151 figure 4-2, 4-3 and 4-4. 4 () _ - --A I t e t a t e i /\ ~~~~~~~~~~di , e r.:8 (,n 1()()() ,?/ \ ~~~~~---hel'orev' e r s -onwaler * '/ \ J ~~~~~~~iver s zfl 20())0 - 1 2 :1 4 3 6 7 8 9 10 1 1 12 Figure 4-2 Drain flow change of Jiaokou Reservoir before and after water diversion at P=50 % 150() - 75 '1000 - 35()00 3 000- -rAfter water 25()0 - diversion - * Belore w.ter 200() c d i v, r5 on 15()0 -r 100() - .500 - 0 1 2 3 4 . 6 7 8 9 1() II 12 Figure 4-3 Drain flow change of Jiaokou Reservoir before and after water diversion at P=75% 6000 - 90 5000 4000 After water diversion 3000 Before- water 2000 diversion 1000 0- 1 2 3 4 .5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12- Figure 4-4 Drain flow change of Jiaokou Reservoir before and after water diversion at P=90% 152 3 Reservoirs (Unit: 10,000mi ) TFable 4-9 WVater diversion quiantity balance table of' Zho ugongzhai and Jiaokou liaokou Reser'voir 'rf l iti- Totalwaee Zhougongzhai Reservoir water Section Total watter- demand for- Total WtrTotal water- Total water denmand for inoig Wtr Yeari demand for- aninial demiand for acincfomin Water Wbandneter pct eian tp irripionh~bandy and town other Incomiing Water loss Water Water apc t lw supy anoneiCact de nd spl lower!eaches purposes flow supply abandonment 7619 12315 10898 13775 2916 19032 19032 1322 371 17272 68 13889 62 8134 7574 1963 20077 8906 2704 6940 9751 11172 1653 2547 20192 1964 2401 375 17314 101 10993 62 4101 7351 11516 10835 4651 2679 19247 19247 1965 1551 372 17272 53 12987 62 8413 4355 6076 11027 11019 4839 2202 20312 20312 1966 2510 382 17272 149 12434 62 9293 0 230 5108 6713 0 597 22896 18257 1967 4794 402 17272 428 5760 62 11544 0 3279 8394 8358 36 597 20543 14709 1968 2530 397 17314 301 9462 62 6351 1182 6467 11132 10702 837 1373 18823 18823 1969 1027 381 17272 143 12553 62 8121 5458 7147 13300 10363 -7270 2498 19161 19161 1970 1432 376 17272 81 14999 62 8798 1344 6688 9028 10853 0 2019 21773 20084 1971 3964 379 17272 158 10179 62 9233 2470 8461 10615 10621 1228 3256 18284 18284 1972 584 368 17314 18 11970 62 7664 7776 14918 10582 14554 3030 18035 1.8035 399 365 17272 0 16823 62 7454 9993 1973 ['8820 8018 4219 9553 12480 10803 1442 7485 18820 -1974 1134 370 17272 44 14075 62 10467 9415 15650 10722 15395 7485 17979 17979 342 365 17272 0 17649 62 . 7258 1975 19385 19385 62 8528 6806 7121 11618 10858 12462 2590 1976 1686 368 17314 17 13102 7854 17415 10706 17813 3190 17843 17843 2016 365 17272 0 19637 62 7138 11704 1977 19083 19083 62 8391 3181 7437 9947 10692 2805 2820 1978 1430 367 17272 14 11216 4382 7270 11950 9837 6605 2710 19705 19034 1979 1937 377 17272 119 13475 62 9198 7086 4448 7371 10372 10628 4512 2392 17712 17712 1981) 29 366 17314 2 11697 62 7135 10931 9292 17778 10582 13271 7247 17717 17717 -1981 - 8(1 - 365 17272 0 20049 62 7962 12390 10583~ 14387 2812 17678 17678 40 365 17272 I 13971 62 7095 8144 1982 19025 8204 8804 8603 15705 10822 11610 4889 19025 1983 1345 370 17272 38 17710 62 11105 8434 16024 10609 17916 3494 17680 17680 1984 0 366 17314 0 18070 62 7072 7825 9266 14138 10837 9960 4660 18061 18061 1985 414 ------366 17272 9 15945 62 7226 4018 9010 10159 10646 4048 4143 18278 18278 1980 611 367 17272 28 11456 62 7632 17742 17742 62 7160 10529 8158 14986 10582 15699 3377 1987 105 365 . 17.272 0 16900 8768 7019 13318 10983 12118 2361 18310 18310 1988. 378 386 17314 232 15018 62 7328 11150 7578 16698 10584' 16680 2945 17640 17640 1989 0 365 17272 3 18827 62 7056 10509 9095 17302 10768 15757 4231 18191 18191 1990 519 368 17272 32 19511 62 7423 5020 7812 9843 10803 5138 3153 18104 18104 1991 457 366 17272 9 11101 62 7301 11872 7415 17000 10885 18341 2800 18518 18518 1992 800 370 734 34 1917l 62 7634 5730. 4277 176 184 5 14314 62 7146 523:1 .9290 12694 10718 193J 221 36 . 77 153 18663 8434 9553 14578 10981 9023 7284 18663 1005 368 17272 17 16439 62 7681 1994 1903 19198 19198 62 8356 8380 6541 12226 10842 15145 1995 1480 372 17272 74 13785 8613 9818 10612 0 2794 17865 17865 367 17314 6 11073 62 7253 1685 1996 178 18156 8750 9553 15349 10600 10995 5298 18156 489 367 17272 28 17308 62 7556 1997 17637 17637 7055 10435 8071 14251 10582 16020 3382 1998 0 365 17272 0 16070 62 8563 15975 10582 15418 3765 17637 17637 365 17272 0 18017 62 7055 10408 1999 0 18300 9066 9446 15677 10634 10449 7426 18300 578 370 17314 38 17679 62 7667 2000 4667 17801 17801 62 7121 5532 9520 11339 10681 8949 20(I 165 365 17272 12788 9553 16285 10813 15555 5644 18021 18021 366 17272 9 18364 62 7210 11061 200? 374 18673 18349 7797 6801 13002 10552 9302 avciage 963 371 17283 56 14662 62 respective months Jiaokou Reservoir (excluding water diversion of Zhougongzhai) in Table 4-10 Statistical table of total discharge water quantity of 3 of past years (unit: IO,000n ) 9 10 . I 12 4 5 6 7 8 _l _ 2 3 26427 1603 8438 941 926 6750 3605 402 1851 1235 243 .79 354 74 3798 27909 1773 3479 7952 983 4417 1149 75 1287 861 3 12 2195 745 672 1214 3607 30090 138 2170 2182 1038 8166 4397 3059 76 2702 187 30329 4776 3022 9331 6013 7955 285 77 19 602 738 750 2651 1399 2000 276 20205 237 1932 2671 3778 3809 3604 78 142 270 147 24132 1493 12889 3098 1448 249 1247 481 131 142 112 1124 1718 79 103 22806 2192 3911 5413 1332 537 509 80 553 166 1498 1833 4819 14076 2219 3042 1182 33143 56 461 2436 2037 1239 1703 3975 81 717 29512 5543 9653 1363 975 109 218 2418 547 3266 2688 1680 1052 82 1022 32873 6283 9036 1992 1915 4518 2082 83 224 428 -508 1977 2888 6449 3151 826 295 427 34098 1172 2410 3749 3101 7292 5082 84 142 29626 1144 5915 3643 3556 1594 1314 591 364 4683 2883 2812 1127 85 1664 22254 1288 1572 2857 4987 1829 1359 86 646 551 49 2764 2688 6657 4774 6272 2618 698 674 31492 1199 51 1177 3408 2322 1642 87 266 29877 4125 3529 8805 2655 596 325 88 994 41 3191 3598 1752 10110 9244 1556 843 414 34683 198 397 1272 2218 3278 4832 89 321 2549 35578 1517 4306 4726 13221 1534 452 90 157 1325 2758 1220 1711 1221 2054 739 579 22992 272 1553 2246 2799 2639 - 3224 3469 91 2 197 34109 1964 5343 6135 10718 1143 484 1855 92 31- 331 986 2289 2549 4661 2448 1142 1602 1232 26673 2090 1941 1914 1328 1684 6044 93 587 1789 27941 5576 4570 2239 2097 1427 1148 94 1099 886 2439 2479 2192 1085 641 31986 4520 4671 5522 2868 1306 966 l_ 995 2660 1885 2259 3603 154 29 73 1 97 752 II 1 311 1)2 56. 1786 2161 15 1167 2536 90 5S4 2441 30516 1533 7639 8261 1960 1100 1272 97 _78 6_5 1084 2031 173 2738 2951 2288 1451 666 31659 4017 3364 3453 2571 2104 2731 98 3325 880 34301 4463 7049 4357 4020 1614 1480 99 1178 355 2004 3961 2940 2878 8317 2884 4145 1916 30844 922 877 2499 1887 1502 942 2075 2000 1862 25894 2693 4206 2906 1567 2336 2195 2001 1432 2373 2306 1142 876 3879 4564 1737 1209 2331 33176 878 1076 2660 3566 1940 7473 2002 1863 15300 1072 1141 785.5 634.4 334.9 312.5 2597 1207 2412 2114 1731 958.5 2003 1371 28869 2760.9 4152.4 5288 4029.8 1921.9 1383.8 arermge 1069.6 839 33 1684.7 2116.8 2250.2 14076 7955 6750 3798 83475 4683 3961 4819 8166 9036 12889 max 3325 4017 103 4215 354 1072 1141 745 537 109 __i_ 19 41 3 12 79 10,000 i') and after water diversion under different factors of assurance (unit: Table 4-11 Monthly average drainage flow of Jiaokou Reservoir before Facto ofot Month I(l I12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a sm-ance Stattis - 1 2 81 919. 57 9410. 78 1452. 55 1544.09 1894.54 2849. 39 3628.64 2765. 26 1318. Monthly diainage flow after water 733.96 575.95 1156.05 ._.) 50 diversion (l,OOOm') 3. 66 :3. 51 5.60 5.76 7.31 10.64 13.55 10.67 1. 92 Monthly average drainage flow after 2. 74 2.38 4.32 water diversion (ml/s) 1148 1789 2479 2192 5576 4570 2239 20)97 1127 Monthly drainage flow before water 1099 886 2439 i . diversion (10,000mn) 33 1. 43 6. 68 9. 56 8. 18 21. 51 17. (16 8. 36 8. (19 5. Monthly average drainage flow before 4. 10 3. 66 9. 11 _.____ water diversion (ml/s) 59 618. 2 612.48 945.66 1005.26 1233.41 1855.05 2362.37 1800.28 858. Monthly drainage flow after water 477.84 374.96 752.63 I 75 diversion (10,OOOmn3) 2. 29 3. 75 4. 76 6.93 8. 82 6. 95 3. 21 2. :39 average drainage flow after 1. 78 1. 55 2.81 3. 65 Monthly _____ water diversion (nm/s) . 2195 1862 1142 876 2693 42(16 2906 1567 2336 Monthly drainage flow before water 1432 2373 2306 diversion (10,000111m) 72 8. 47 6. 95 4. 41 3.27 10.39 15. 7(0 10.85 6.05 8. Monthlly average drainage flow before 5.35 9.81 8. 61 (ni /s) water diversion 1026. 12 489. 38 352. 36 :319. 1 72 428.98 5:39. 01 572.98 703.02 1057. 34 1346. 5 Mlonthly drainage flow after water 27 . :3f6 213. I _ 90( diver-sion ( 10,000m&) 1.83 1. 36 1.30) 1.60 2. 08 2. 14 2. 71 3.95 5. 03 3.96 NMonthly average drainage flow after 1. 02 (.88 i water diversion (m /s) 509 103 1833 4819 2192 3911 5413 1332 537 NMonthly drainage flow before water 553 166 1498 . | diversion (10,000m) I I Monthly average drainage flow before 20. 21 4.97 2. 00 1.90 0. 39 0. 62 5. 59 6. 84 17.99 8. 18 14. 60 _____ water diversion (m'/s) . ()6 155 It can be seen by comparing the above table 4-l1 and figure 4-2, 4-3 and 4-4 that after completion of this water diversion project, water quality will decrease under different factors of assurance, maximum drainage flow lags behind compared with reservoir incoming flow, and hydrological regime of the lower reaches will change relatively greatly. In addition, it indicates that the joint operation of Zhougozhai and Jiaokou Reservoirs embodies the reservoir adjustment function. According to the project water resource demonstration report, balance calculation of water diversion project includes the total IO,OOOm3/d water consumption at respective water catchments from Jiaokou Reservoir to Tashan Weir and the irrigation makeup water quantity in Yinxi Plain. These two parts of water will be drained from reservoir through river courses to water catchments and Yinxi river network in the lower reaches. When this project is completed, it will have very small impact on the river courses in the lower reaches and river network water catchments. In addition, in the lOOkm2 catchment area from Jiaokou Reservoir to Tashan Weir there are a series of small streams flowing to Zhangxi River. There is a stream flowing into the river at lkm downstream of the dam. See figure 4-5 (dark blue lines are tributaries in the figure) for water system distribution of this section. Furthermore, when the drainage flow in respective months in table 4-9 (discarded water quantity of Jiaokou Reservoir) is converted to monthly average flow, the minimum monthly average flow in low flow years (P=90%) can reach 0.88m3/s. Thus it further indicates that although hydrological regime in the lower reaches of Jiaokou Reservoir can change to some extent due to water catchment from Jiaokou Reservoir to Tashan Weir, this river section will not incur discontinuous flow of river course in the lower reaches due to water diversion. 4.3.3 Minimum ecological and environmental water consumption analysis of the rivers in the lower reaches 4.3.3.1 Minimum environmental water consumption analysis of the rivers in the lower reaches The frequency analysis for average monthly drainage flow of Jiaokou Reservoir from 1974 to 2003 shows that in the low flow year with p=90% (typical year is 1980), the minimum average monthly flow occurs in December and flow-is 0.39n3/s. According to Ningbo ground water environmental function area division, the water environmental function area of Jiaokou to Tanshan Weir river section belongs to Class 11 water source protection area and the calculation design water flow condition of its environmental capacity (pollution receiving capacity) shall be the low flow year with p=90% (typical year was 1980) and the minimum average monthly flow at this time is 0.39m3/s. Therefore this flow is the minimum environmental water consumption of the river section in the lower reaches of Jiaokou Reservoir. However the evaluation result of the present water quality of this river section shows that some water quality monitoring sections between Jiaokoti Reservoir and Tashan Weir are Class IlI and can not meet the Class 11 water quality requirement of present function area. This indicates that the present pollution discharge quantity of this river section is greater than the pollution receiving capacity of river section. It should be noted that Figure 4-6 is the annual distribution comparison diagram of annual runoff value for three years theoretically calculated at approximately p=90% among the 30 years of measured drainage flow from Jliaokou Reservoir. The year 1980 is most approximate to theoretical calculated value. Furthermore, according to description of annual distribution characteristic of water quality in Yongjiang River value in this report, selection of 1980 as typical year is basicallv reasonable after comparison of the three years. 156 a~~ a .~~~~~~~ I - a El Figure 4-5 Situation of drainage of Jiaokou Reservoir to Tashan Weir water system 22 Annual distribution comparison diagram of monthly runoff of three years (80, 86 and 91) at p=90% annual r noff 20r w 18 16 J0 14 , 91 12 - 6 - . 4- 2 0 ------__ _ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Figure 4-6 Annual distribution comparison diagram of monthly runoff of three-years at p=90% annual runoff 4.3.3.2 Minimum ecological water consumption analysis of the rivers in the lower reaches The investigation and monitoring result of aquatic ecology shows that there are no valuable and rare animals and plants and no migration fishes and fish spawning ground in the river section between Yinjiang Jiaokou reservoir and Tashan Weir, thus it has not formed the fish resources of some economic value. The present research for related ecological water demand indicates that the minimum ecological water demand of rivers in a region 157 generally shall be greater than or equal to the minimum natural flow in the low flow period of the dry year. In addition, the analysis of measured flow from Jiaokou Reservoir from 1794 to 2003 also shows that the measured minimum monthly average drain flow in 30 years was 0.012m3/s (for details refer to table 4-3 "Statistical table of total water flow from Jiaokou Reservoir in the months of past years" and this indicates that the situation of almost discontinuous flow has happened to this river in the previous years. Viewing from present situation of aquatic ecology, the ecological water demand of the river section from Jiaokou Reservoir to Tashan Weir is relatively small. After completion of this project, Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou Reservoirs will operate jointly, which has the function of retaining water in high water period and supplementing water in low water period as well as adjusting drainage flow in low water period. Table 4-11 gives monthly drainage flow and average drainage flow before and after water diversion under different factors of assurance. It can be seen from the table that in the low flow year after joint operation of Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou Reservoirs (factor of assurance is p=90%), the minimum 3 at drainage flow is still 0.88m /s and in combination with the practice of our country's ecological protection 3 present, the lowest water monthly average flow at .p=90% after water diversion, i.e. 0:88m /s, is selected as the minimum ecological water demand. 4.3.3.3 Analysis of minimum ecological environmental water demand in the downstream river course The minimum ecological environmental water demand takes the greater of the minimum environmental and water demand and the minimum ecological water demand. After the above analysis, 0.88m3/s is determined this flow value is also the minimum drainage flow of reservoir. 3 As this project has considered the water consumption, i.e. 10,00Om /d, of water catchment between Jiaokou course as Reservoir and Tashan Weir in the balance calculation, this water consumption will be drained from river 3 flow from water consumption, corresponding to 0.11 m /s. In practice, the minimum monthly average drainage 0.88 m3/s Jiaokou Reservoir is the sum of the above determined minimum ecological environmental water demand 3 3 and the water compensation 0.11 m /s at water catchment, i.e. 0.99 m /s, corresponding to 11.1% of annual 3 of average flow 8.9 m /s. Therefore the drainage flow after completion of this project can meet the requirement ecological environmental water demand in the river course in the lower reaches. Reservoir It is considered that the thee parts of water supply, including water quantity supplied by Jiaokou 3 and to existing water consumers downstream of the dam, economic environmental water demand (0.88 m /s) River farmland irrigation and animal husbandry supplementary water in Yinxi Plain, will be drained to Zhangxi Reservoir after power generation by existing power station in Jiaokou Reservoir. The installed capacity of Jiaokou 3 /s. In Power Station is 3 i 1600kW units, totally 4800kW, and reduced flow rate of power generation is 17.64m of water order to enable the drainage flow from Jiaokou Reservoir to Zhangxi River to meet the above three parts water supplv while urban water supply is ensured, power generation by a half unit may be carried out. The tail flow after power generation can make river course downstream of Jiaokou Reservoir maintain sufficient ecological environmental water demand and Jiaokou Reservoir can discharge water to supplement it if necessary. 4.3.4 AnalVsis of impact on water environment of river course in the lower reaches 4.3.4.1 Impact analysis From the above analysis of hydrological regime. the hydrological regime of river sections in the lower reaches of Jiaokou Reservoir will change greatly after completion of this project, but the change of hydrological model reyime will surely cause the change of water environment of river courses. This article uses mathematical 15 approach to predict the impact on the water environment of river sections in the lower reaches of Jiaokou Reservoir. According to the requirement of the Engineering Instruction for National Water Resource Protection Planning completed in 2002 and in order to compare with the function area division achievement of Zhangxi River given in the Zhangxi River Valley Water Resource Protection Planning compiled in 2002, this article selects chemical oxygen consumption (CODCr) as prediction evaluation factor. The river section for water quality prediction evaluation is the section from downstream of Jiaokou Reservoir dam to Tashan Weir with total length of 9.5km. See figure 4-7 for prediction calculation range. The blue lines in the figure are simulated river sections, which are narrow flashy streams with river width of less than 100m. To better predict the change of water quality of the river section from Jiaokou Reservoir to Tashan Weir after completion of this project, this project has collected detailed present hydrology, water environment and other research findings of the river section from Jiaokou Reservoir to Tashan Weir and has conducted survey for pollution source of this river section. See table 3-34 for the investigation findings of pollution source of river sections. The domestic pollution source of river section is estimated as follows: there are seven villages on the two banks of Zhangshui Town and domestic wastewater discharge is 2,400t;d, assuming that 70% wastewater is discharged into river course, COD discharge of domestic pollution source is approximately 306kg/d after calculation. Figure 4-7 Simulation calculation river section The incoming water of simulated river section is the drainage quantity of Jiaokou Reserv-oir and additionally there are five small streams flowing the river along the route. The drainage flow of Jiaokou Reservoir uses the 3 previously determined minimum ecological environmental water consumption 0.88m /S. The five streams in the section is in accordance with the data provided by this project water source demonstration report and the river inflow of each stream is given accordingz to its catchment area. 0.32m3/s in total. Besides tributary afflux in the section, there is r-iver inflow pollution discharge port. For simplification, the river inflow pollution discharge ports are divided into industrial and domestic types. Locations of pollution disch-arge ports are in Zhangzxi Town river section and are 2.4km and 3.0km from Jiaokou Reseroir respectiveI\ 159 The height of water of simulated prediction river section is about 30m and slope of river bed is relatively great, being 3%0. Due to limitation of measured large cross-section data, the calculation generalizes the whole river cross-section to be narrow trapezoidal cross-section. What needs to be explained is that the outlet water quality of Jiaokou Reservoir fully meets Class 11 water quality standard according to the water quality monitoring result of Jiaokou Reservoir. To increase the reliability of calculation result, this analog calculation takes a relatively poor monitoring value from the monitoring results in recent years, i.e. CODcr concentration 12mg/L (meeting Class 11 water quality standard), as the drainage water quality of Jiaokou Reservoir. Due to lack of the inflow water quality monitoring result of the five tributaries, only estimation can be made. For simulated river section, there is no new pollution source except Zhangshui Town, and CODcr concentration of the five inflow tributaries (the most conservative estimation) shall meet Class 1I water quality standard. This analog calculation takes the most conservative estimated value, i.e. CODcr concentration takes l3mg/L. CODcr concentration of pollution discharge ports in Zhangshui Town are 127mg/L and 150mg/L respectively. By analyzing various conditions including landform and hydrology of Zhangxi River in the simulated river section and based on the knowledge and understanding of water flow quality characteristics, the elements affecting water flow quality are rationally generalized and tributaries and water catchments and discharge ports are generalized as source sink terms. The impact of various physical and chemical and biological action processes on water quality is collectively generalized to be comprehensive attenuation and is represented by comprehensive attenuation coefficient K. Through a series of rational generalizations, the one-dimensional steady flow mathematical model that describes water quality of river section is established: aQ aA ax at Q2 A ah gQIQI |A + gAah + = 0 2 ax aX C AR a2c ac D--v--KC+S=O (1) ax 2 ax h(x)l =h, Q(x) =q C(x) = Cl Where: Q-Flow (m3/s); A Cross-section area (m); 3 Q-Source sink term (m /s); a Distribution coefficient of flow speed in vertical direction; h- Water depth (m): C Chezy coefficient; R Hydraulic radius (mi); G Gravity acceleration (m2 /s); 160 3 hi, q1 Boundary water depth (m) and flow (m /s); ? Boundary; C . Pollutant concentration (mg/l); D Dispersion coefficient (m2/s); ? Overall mean velocity (m/s); K- Comprehensive attenuation coefficient; S- Source sink term (mg/m.s); cl Boundary concentration (mg/1). On the basis of establishment of water flow quality mathematical model, numerical value derivation is conducted for water flow quality model. 500m space step length is selected to divide river section into 33 water level and flow nodes and water calculation nodes are 33. According to the project feasibility study report and with reference to Ningbo City water quality research findings, river section flow roughness coefficient is taken from 0.030- 0.035, dispersion coefficient is in 5- 20 and CODCr attenuation coefficient in 0.06- 0.08. Simulated prediction calculation designed two conditions and see table 4-12 for details. Table 4-12 two predicted design conditions of simulated river section water quality Design condition CODcr total quantity reduced Remarks Condition I Present discharge not reduced Condition 2 Total quantity reduced for 25%4 Corresponding to up-to-standard discharge Under the two design conditions and at different distances from Jiaokou Reservoir, the prediction calculation results and evaluation results of the simulated river section water quality is shown in table 4-13. Water quality evaluation According to GB3838-2002 surface water quality Class II standard, single factor standard index method is used to evaluate the prediction results. Figure 4-7 shows the change of simulated river section water quality at different distances from Jiaokou Reservoir under the two designed conditions. It can be seen from table 4-13 and figure 4-7: The water quality of river section downstream of the dam of Jiaokou Reservoir is mainly controlled by pollution discharge of Zhangshui Town and the situation that water quality exceeds Class I functional area exists under current pollution discharge. If total quantity is -reduced for 25%, the water quality of the water section from Jiaokou Reservoir to Tashan Weir can meet the requirement of Class II water. After completion of this project, through joint regulation of reservoirs and with a certain drainage flow ensured, it is possible to basically maintain present river water quality. However, to change the situation that water quality exceeds Class II functional area, it is necessary to reduce present total pollution quantity. Reduction of 25% total pollution discharge can meet the requirement of Class II functional area water quality standard of river section downstream of the reservoir. Reduction of 25% total pollution discharge corresponds to collection and treatment of presently discharged wastewater and it is enough to reach the requirement of grade I discharge standard. 161 In addition, in accordance with the data of actual drainage flow from the Jiaokou Reservoir within 30 years after its completion, this article determines the minimum 3 environmental flow of the river section downstream of Jiaokou Reservoir to be 0.39 m /s and this flow value represents the actual flow of downstream river course in low flow period in low flow year under present condition. According to the above established simulation model of water quality and with 0.39 m3/s as the drainage flow from the reservoir before completion of this project, the water quality of river section between Jiaokou Reservoir and Tashan Weir is predicted and calculated under the condition that the present pollution discharge and total quantity are reduced for 25% (corresponding to up-to-standard discharge from pollution discharge outlet of river section). See table 4-14 and figure 4-8 for results. Compared with the predicted result of the water quality at 0.39 m3/s before completion of this project and of the water quality at 0.88 m3/s after completion of this project, it can be seen that after completion of this project, the water environment of downstream river course in low flow period will be improved to a certain extent owing to the function of water accumulation in high water period and water supplementation in low water period. Under the same condition of pollution discharge, the water quality of downstream river course after completion of this project will be one class better than that before the completion of this project. 162 Table 4-13 evaliation of prediction results of water quality at different distances from Jiaokou Reservoir under the two designed conditiotis for simulated river quality prediction (Unit:mg/l,Class 11 water quality standard evaluation) Distance fromn 9500 Jiaokou Reservoir n 47.5 950 1213 1175 1738 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8375 8750) 9125 Present discharge 12 2 12 11. 9 12. 1 11. 5 13.5 12.8 15.7 16.2 16.3 16.4 16 16 15.7 15.7 15. 6 15. 5 15.5 15. 5 15. 4 15 14. 8 Total quantity reduced for25% 1. 12 12 12.1 I11. 6 13.1 12. 7 14.6 14.9 14.9 15 14.8 14.8 14.6 14.5 14.5 14.4 14.4 1.4 141.:3 1H.9 1.3.8 Class If water______quality standard IS IS 15 15 IS 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 IS 15 Class III water 2 quality standard 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 21) 2() t ------i- .- - -- Present discharge + -- +_+_+- Total qLiantity reduced for 25% EI18S '---CIass 11 water quality standard Class III water quality standard 0 0 10 17 950 1213 14 75 1738 2000 2500 3000 35(00 4000 41500 5000 5500 6000 6500 70)00 7500 8001) 8375 8750 9125 9500 Distance from Jiaokou Reservoir Cmi) Figuire 4-7 Change of simnulated river section water quality at different distances froim Jiaokou Reservoir under two designed conditions 163 of the results of water quality of downstream river course at p=90 before and after completion Table 4-14 Comparisoni between predicted 3 project (drainage flows are 0.39 m3/s and 0.88 m /s respectively) listance Fron Jiaokou __ 8000 8375 8750 9125 9500 2500 3000 3500 000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 Reser voir (t) ___ 4 75 950 1213 1475 1738 2000 19.33 18.72 17.84 17.56 13.33 21.66 23.18 23.23 23.80 21.75 21.73 20.29 20.13 19.53 19.38 19.27 IPresent discharge at 0.39 mr/s 12 I1 96 12.01 11.90 12.25 10.97 15.37 25% total quantity reduction at 16.43 15.66 15.41 18.56 19.52 19.54 19.89 18.57 18.55 17.62 17.50 17.11 17.00 16.91 16.96 0.39 rnt/s 12 11.96 12.00 11.92 12.18 11.23 14.48 13.26 15.50 15.40 15.00 14.80 12.80 15.70 16.20 16.30 16.40 16.00 16.00 15.70 15.70 15.60 15.50 15.50 IPlesent dischalrge at 0.88 mn/s 12 12 00 12.00 11.90 12.10 11.50 13.50 25% total quantity reduction at 14.40 14.30 13.90 13.80 14.60 14.90 14.90 15.00 14.80 14.80 14.60 14.50 14.50 14.40 14.40 )88 11m,/s 12 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.10 11.60 13.10 12.70 14,11 13.45 13.23 15.28 15.79 15.80 15.93 15.36 15.32 14.92 14.85 14.66 14.60 14.52 14.57 0% total guantit reduction 12 11.97 11.99 11.95 12.07 11.63 13.11 12.38 115 15 15 155 I 15 IS 15 15 I1 15 IS 15 15 lass 11water uality standard I IS IS 15 15 IS 15 15 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 lass Ill water quality standard 20 20 _20 120 0 20 20 20 I - [1ieseit d schai ge at 0. 391113/s| '2 R(Rdut i0n of total qnant itv at 0. 39%3/s Plresent dlischaige at 0.88il3/s 2 Reduction of total qwuantitv at 0. 88ai3/s + ( lass II watei quality standalrd --1 C(lass 111 water qualitv standard - + i -'--,------2 0 - ! ~ - -, - + ~-t -2 ()j.I 0~~~~~~~~~~~~ <1 8 / t i' ~ f 0 a i'S ol1 6500 7000 7500 8000 8375 8750 9125 9500 0 475 950 1213 1475 1738 2000 2500 3000. 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 Distance from Jiaokou Reservoir (im) before and after completion of the project Figure 4-8 Comparison of predicted results of water quality in upstream river course at p=90 (drainage flows are 0.39 m3/s and 0.88 m3/s respectively) 164 4.3.4.2 Environmental protection measure In order to ensure the water quality of downstream river course, it is necessary to ensure a certain drainage flow from Jiaokou Reservoir. It is considered that the thee parts of water supply, including water quantity supplied by Jiaokou Reservoir to existing water consumers downstream of the dam, economic environmental water demand (0.88 m3/s) and farmland irrigation and animal husbandry supplementary water in Yinxi Plain, will be realized through power generation by a half unit in the existing Jiaokou Reservoir. The tail water flow after power generation can make river course downstream of Jiaokou Reservoir maintain sufficient ecological environmental water demand and Jiaokou Reservoir can discharge water to supplement it if necessary. Meanwhile, it is necessary to control the total quantity of pollutant discharge strictly in accordance with the own environmental capacity of river course. According to Ningbo urban water discharge planning, in order to avoid and improve pollution of urban rivers, the following urban water treatment plants are already planned and constructed: five wastewater treatment plants will be built in Sanjiang area, which are divided into five wastewater treatment systems, i.e. Jiangdongnan area, Jiangdongbei area, Zhuangshi, Yinxi and Jiangnan. It is recommended that pollution discharge treatment in Zhangshui Town be incorporated in Yinxi Wastewater Treatment Plant and treatment of the wastewater can ensure the elimination of pollution discharge into this river section and the maintenance and improvement of water environmental function of the river section. 4.3.5 Impact on hydrobiont in downstream river section and on river shoal wet land (1) Impact on hydrobiont in downstream river section According to the result of present hydrobiont investigation and evaluation and in combination with the comprehensive analysis of operation and dispatch method of water diversion project, after completion of Jiaokou Reservoir Water Diversion Project, water exchange of Zhangxi River in its lower reaches will be reduced, which may cause reduction of benthic fauna and fish species laying viscid eggs. As the investigated river section is flashy stream with short source and rapid flow and resource of hydrobiont is scanty without rare and precious aquatic plants and animals or migratory fish and fish spawning site, the fish resource of some econon-mic value is not formed. And additionally, as most animals have short life cycle and early sexual maturity and can reproduce at I year age, they can be quickly restored under the conditions of environmental extremes and serious resource destruction. Therefore the impact of Jiaokou Reservoir. Water Diversion Project on the resources of hydrobiont species is very small. (2) Impact on river shoal wet land The river section (Zhangxi River) upstream of Tashan Weir in Yinjiang within the range of this evaluation is flashy stream with short source and rapid flow and sudden and sharp rise and fall of water quantit\ and flow changes significantly with seasons and water discharge from Jiaokou Reservoir. On the two banks of Zhangxi River are provided with riverbank mainly consisting of such bottom materials as gravel and coarse sand and hvdrobiont is very scanty and there is no sectional wetland resource. In some river shoal wetlands only weed is seen and there is no aquatic breeding, bird habitat and migratory bird migration area. It can be known from the above analysis that after completion of this project, drainage flow from the river will be 165 report of this reduced at different factor of assurance. However, according to the water resource demonstration consumption of totally project, the balance calculation of the water diversion project includes the water 3 the irrigation lO,OOOm /d at respective water catchments between Jiaokou Reservoir and Tashan Weir and via river water supplementation in Yinxi Plain, and these two parts of water will be drained from the reservoir OOkm2 catchment area course to the water catchments and downstream Yinxi river network. lI addition, in the River. The rninimum from Jiaokou Reservoir to Tashan Weir, a series of small streams flow into Zhangxi 9 key protected monthly average drainage flow in low flow year (p= 0%) can reach 0.88m3/s and there is no certain drainage flow wetland in the evaluated range, thus impact on river shoal wetland is not great provided a is ensured. 4.3.6 Analysis of water discharge on water environment and environmental protection measures increase to some After completion of this project, total water supply of Ningbo Water Supply Project will works will decrease extent. But the prelirninary statistics shows that water supply capacity of water this project 240,000m3/d due to production stop of at least 16 water works (see table 4-15 for details). Actually 3 as 75% supply will increase supply water quantity of 260,000m /d. If the wastewater produced is calculated situation, The main water increase, the wastewater increased will be 187,000m3/d. But from the present river network are tidal pollution receiving river Yongjiang River and its tributaries in Ningbo City water system is less than 25%. As a river reaches, the treatment capacity is far less enough and wastewater treatment rate rivers without treatment result, a large quantity of industrial and domestic wastewater is directly discharged into in Ningbo City, and causes pollution of water body to be increasingly serious. For tidal river section reaches is controlled by the runoff amount in the upper reaches is great in high water period and water level of rivers is seriously polluted. upper reaches. Pollutants move to the lower reaches and river water in the lower reaches to water flow by tide In dry season, movement of pollutants is under the action of amplitude of setup applied affect water quality in and pollutants drift around in river network. Pollutants in the lower reaches may possibly the increased the upper reaches or other rivers. After this project is completed and put into production, system. wastewater discharge quantity will have impact on the rivers of the whole Ganchao water Table4-15 List of water plants putting out of service Intaking volume No. Water Plant Name Water source .______(in 10,000 m3) Yinxi network I Gaoqiaozheng Water Plant 2.8 . network 2 Macheqiao Water Plant 0.25 Yinxi network 3 Huxi Water Plant 0.15 Yinxi network 4 Dongqiaozheng Water Plant 1.5 Yinxi network 5 Guling Water Plant 1.25 Yinxi network |6 Buzheng Water Plant 1.5 Yinxi network 7 Development Zone Water Plant 1.5 Yinxi network |8 Shenjiao Water Plant 0.6 Yinxi network 9 Quyi Water Plant 4 Yindong water I10 Xiashui Water Plant 0.2 Underground Network l .t11 Xianxiang Water Plant 3.5 12I Jishigang Water Plant 2.0 Yinxi network 166 13 Dongwuzheng Water Plant 1.2 Underground water 14 Tiantong Water Plant 0.3 Underground water 15 Xinjiang Water Plant 1.2 Underground water 16 Hengjie Water Plant 1.0 Underground water Total 23.95 According to Ningbo urban water discharge plan, in order to avoid and improve pollution of urban rivers, the following urban water treatment plants are planned to be constructed: CO Five wastewater treatment plants will be built in Sanjiang area and be divided into five wastewater treatment systems, i.e. Jiangdongnan area. Jiangdongbei area, Zhuangshi, Yinxi and Jiangnan. (2) Houhaitang Wastewater Treatment Plant is set in Zhenhai area and is divided into three wastewater treatment systems, i.e. wastewater in Chenguan is collectively treated by Houhaitang Wastewater Treatment Plant, wastewater of Petrochemical Plant is treated by its own internal wastewater treatment facilities, and wastewater in Xiepu area is treated by Ningbo City petrochemical area wastewater treatment system. 0 Five wastewater treatment plants are provided in Beilun area and are divided into four wastewater treatment system. West area is collectively treated by Xiaogang Wastewater Treatment Plant, central area is provided with Yandong Wastewater Treatment Plant and Yanxi Wastewater Treatment Plant, east area is provided with Baifeng Wastewater Treatment Plant and Daxie area is provided with Daxie Wastewater Treatment Plant for collective treatment. (J)Industrial wastewater treatment plant is provided in combination with industrial zone. By 2020, the scale of all planned wastewater treatment plants in the central city of Ningbo will reach 2,550,000m3/d. While according to planning, urban water supply capacity in 2020 will reach 3,000,000m3/d and total wastewater quantity will be 2,210,000m3/d, thus wastewater treatment rate will reach 100%. In addition, while this project is completed in 2008, Jiangdongnan Area Wastewater Treatment Plant and Zhenhai Houhaitang Wastewater Treatment Plant will all be completed (World Bank loan, scales are 160,000m3/d and 30,000 m3/d respectively). Obviously, the planned wastewater treatment plants will receive the additional water returning quantity of this project. As a result, the impact of water discharge quantity on Ningbo City water environment will be reduced and water environment will be treated and improved. In general, although the tide of main pollution receiving rivers makes pollutants easily diffuse in water, after completion of this project, 16 small water works with 240,000m3/d water catchment quantity will be shut down and the actual additional wastewater quantity of this project will be 187,000m3/d. Furthermore according to the overall urban development planning for Ningbo City, construction of a series of wastewater treatment plants is speeding up while this project is under construction, and Ningbo City's increased wastewater treatment capacity in 2008 will be able to receive the additional water return of this project. Therefore water return will have only small impact on water environment after completion of this project. 4.3.7 Impact of water purification plant sludge and wastewater discharge on water environment 4.3.7.1 Impact of water purification plant sludge on environment I) Impact anaiysis As the sludge produced from water treatment process of Maojiangping Water Purification Plant contains much water, it will undergo anhydration treatment first. Sludge will be delivered to sludge balancing tank and 167 is dewatered by plate frame dewaterer, and the dewatered dry sludge is conveyed to sludge shed or is utilized as back fill. The dry sludge quantity of Maojiangping Water Purification Plant is 17.8t/d and sludge shed can store sludge for seven days with maximum storage being 124.6t. If the sludge is discarded in a random way, it will become potential pollution sources for surface water and ground water both in the near term and in the long term. However the sludge composition of water purification plant is different from that of wastewater treatment plant that basically contains no poisonous and harmful substances. It is stored in sludge shed and anti-seepage and anti-leakage measures are taken for sludge shed and irrational piling is avoided, thus it has small impact on the environment. The treated dry sludge is used as backfill or utilized for farmland after stabilization and non-harmful treatment. Due to stabilization and non-harmful treatment, dry sludge will have small impact on soil environment. Dry sludge shall be rationally piled and not allowed to cover vegetation, otherwise it will affect ecological environment. Sludge produced from this project will be first recovered as resource and comprehensively utilized and the remaining part will be transported to landfill as mulching soil. As long as secondary pollution is prevented during transport and utilization, its impact on environment is small. 2) Disposal and comprehensive utilization of water purification plant sludge (According to related domestic and foreign data, sludge produced from the production of .tap water is is mainly used as resource and is mostly for landfill or building materials after anhydration and agricultural use also encouraged. But sludge from most water purification plants in our country is mainly discharged without dewatering, thus sludge has not been rationally utilized. This project will anhydrate sludge to greatly reduce output of sludge. As the main constituent of dry and sludge is organic -fertilizer and basically contains no poisonous and harmful substances, resource comprehensive utilization will the best way to resolve dry sludge. When resource and comprehensive utilization can not be realized, sludge can be used as backfill for depressed land. Dry sludge of this project is stored in sludge shed for seven days. Sludge composition is basically the sary,e as soil composition and can be used as road paving muck so as to sufficiently utilize resources or be used for agricultural purposes. In' addition, to realize rational utilization of sludge, water purification plant shall and contact local manufacturers or Muck Office of Ningbo Municipal Government and make an appointment registration in advance to arrange comprehensive sludge utilization approaches and avoid unordered sludge accumulation. In general, treatment of dry sludge shall first consider resource recovery and comprehensive utilization. If utilization condition is temporarily unavailable, sludge can be used as backfill to protect limited soil resources. If sludge can not be promptly utilized or comprehensively utilized, it can be used as mulching soil for refuse landfill and unordered accumulation is not allowed so as to realize rational storage of excessive sludge.) In this proiect. sludge will be dewatered and dried to greatly reduce the production of sludge. As dry sludge basically contains no poisonous and hazardous substances, consideration of resource recovery and 168 comprehensive utilization will be first given to the disposal of dry sludge. The approaches of comprehensive utilization are as follows: (I) For brick making by admixture and solidification. As verified by Ningbo Technical Supervision Bureau, sample bricks containing 15% sludge can meet national standard in terms of various indices. Therefore water purification plant shall contact local brick and tile factory as early as possible and sign related agreement to avoid secondary pollution during utilization. (2) Dry sludge produced from this project will be stored in sludge shed for 7 days. Composition of sludge is almost the same as that of soil, thus it can be used as paving mucks so as to sufficiently utilize resources or be used as agricultural earthfill. At the same time, in order to reasonably utilize sludge, the water purification plant shall contact Ningbo Waste Soil Office and make appointment and registration in advance to arrange comprehensive utilization approach of sludge and avoid unordered accumulation of sludge. (3) Used as mulching soil in refuse landfill to realize rational storage of excessive sludge. The requirement of refuse landfill for the soil quality of mulching soil: (1) attaining the requirement of sanitary landfill, and (2) giving consideration to the final utilization of the land in refuse landfill and restoring the utilization value of land. Quality of dewatered mud cake from water purification plant generally can meet the requirement of mulching soil for refuse landfill. Nevertheless the soil source in existing refuse landfill is deficient, thus it is obvious that sanitary landfill of dewatered mud cake has a broad prospect of application. In summary, utilization of dewatered sludge as resource is positive and the water purification plant shall contact local brick and tile factories etc as soon as possible for the approach of comprehensive utilization. Even the excessive part is transported to refuse landfill as mulching soil, agreement of acceptance shall be signed and safe and reliable transport scheme shall be available to avoid secondary pollution. 4.3.7.2 Impact of wastewater from water ptirification plant on environment It can be known from project analysis that wastewater from water purification plant is mainly backflush water in filter cell and sludge discharging water in sedimentation tank and additionally domestic wastewater, of which production wastewater is 13,900 m3/d including 7,900 m3/d backflush wastewater, 6,000 m3/d process wastewvater produced from sludge discharging water after concentration and dewatering; 30m3/d domestic wastewater. Wastewater can be treated to be up to standard and eventually flow into Yinxi river network through Xiaoxi Port near the water purification plant. Yinxi river network water function belongs to Class Ill function area. The main pollutant of process wastewater produced from this project is SS and contains no other toxic and hazardous substances. See figure 2-1 for treatment process. According to analogy investigation made to Ningbo Beilun Water Works (with Hengshan Reservoir as water source and treatment process of water purification plant is basically the same), and the quality of discharge water after treatment of sludge discharging water in sedimentation tank is 70mg/I SS and 73mg/l COD, but backflush water in this water works is reutilized and continued to be used as source water for the water works. This indicates that the qualitv of this part of water is better than that of discharge water from sludge discharging water in sedimentation tank. For domestic wastewater, the design proposes to use the in-plant small type buried wastewater treatment equlpment 16'9 to treat domestic wastewater. Considering this treatment equipment can not bring water quality to be up to standard in winter, this environmental assessment suggests the adoption of powered wastewater treatment facilities and after water quality is treated to reach the grade I standard in GB8978-1996 "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard", part of tail water is utilized for greening of mountain land and the excessive part is introduced via pipe to nearby river course (Xiaoxi Port) outside the works. Xiaoxi Port is flashy stream with short source and rapid flow and sudden and sharp rise and fall of water quantity and flow changes significantly with seasons. In usual time, water flow is relatively small and is almost dry or completely dry in dry season and in case of flood, water flow increases sharply and its main function is to drain flood and irrigate and there is no environmentally sensitive objects such as drinking water source protection zone. Therefore wastewater produced from this project will not have great impact on water quality of Xiaoxi Port after treated to be up to standard and will not make water environment of water network exasperate and can supplement water demand for irrigation. However, to reduce discharge of wastewater and save water resource, this environmental assessment proposes to reutilize backflush water. 4.3.8 Analysis of noise impact of water purification plant on surrounding environment Noise produced from operation of water purification plant is mainly the noise produced from operation of various water pumps that are mostly arranged under the ground of structure or in the rooms of buildings. After sound insulation and vibration reduction treatment, the noise attenuates greatly when it transmits to external environment. At the moment, noise is below 6OdB(A) and can be reduced for 2OdB(A) after 10 distance attenuation, thus it basicaUy has no impact on the external acoustic environment of the water purification plant (and sensitive villages near the water purification plant is 200m away from the plant). According to plan layout of water purification plant, in-plant landscaping area is great and various trees, climbing plants and herbal plants are planted and building ornament is arranged to improve landscaping quality. On the interior of enclosing wall of plant area, shrubs with strong absorption are arranged to form an isolated area. These measures are conducive to the reduction of noise impact on surrounding environment. 4.3.9 Assessment of environmental risk due to chlorine and ammonia leakage 4.3.9.lEnvironmental risk assessment for chlorine leakage (1) Physical and chemical characteristic of chlorine Physical characteristics:According to the information in "New Safety Manual of Hazardous Substance", chlorine is green-yellow gas with strong penetrating odor under normal conditions, toxic, 2.5 times of the specific weight of air. The chlorine may be compressed into amber liquefied chlorine with specific weight of 1.5 and supplied in cylinder with pressure of 0.6 - 0.8Mpa. One kilogram liquefied chlorine may change into 0.3 1m3 chlorine gas after gasification. Chemical characteristics:Chlorine has strong active chemical characteristics. h can be replaced from bromine or iodine. It can has displacement reaction and addition reaction with organic and inorganic substance 170 The dried chlorine has lower activity. Wet chlorine may combined with most elements. It becomes hydrochloric acid after solved into water. Chlorine can not combust in air. However, most of normal combustible substance may combusted in chlorine just like in oxygen. The normal combustible gas or vapor may also form explosive mixture with chlorine. Chlorine can react strongly with many chemicals, such as acetylene, terebinth, aether, ammonia, fuel gas, hydrocarbon, hydrogen, metal powder etc with explosion or generate explosive substance. It may have corrosive reaction with metal and non-metal substance. (2) Hazardous characteristics Chlorine has extreme irritability on the mucous membrane of eyes and respiratory systems. It will generate nascent oxygen and hydrochloric acid after contact with moisture air. Both substance will all cause serious inflammation on body tissues. The harmful effects of chlorine are similar with ammonia and nitric oxide. It will mainly effect on the mucous membrane cells of respiratory tract. The entering of chlorine from the respiratory tract will firstly cause damage on it mucous membrane. It will solute into the water in the mucous membrane to become hydrochlorous acid that will strongly oxidize the tissues. The generated hydrochloric acid will stipulate the mucous membrane by inflame swelling. In this way, the swelling of respiratory tract with large amount of mucus secreted will cause dyspnea. The mild intoxication will cause acute cough with bad sensation in respiratory tact even with stuffy feeling or pains in the chest. The serious symptom will cause pulmonary edema that will cause death with failure of respiratory tract. According to the stipulations in national "Maximum Permitted Concentration of Harmful Substance in the Atmosphere of Residential Area", the maximum permitted concentration of chlorine in atmosphere should not over O.lmg/m3. The national "Design Hygiene Standard for Industrial Enterprises" stipulates that the maximum allowed concentration of chlorine in workshop is I lmg/m3. (3) Emergence and fire fighting measures Fire fighting measures:Whenever chlorine leakage happens, fireman with respirator and all covered protective suit should shut off the valve of cylinder immediate to cut off the supply of chlorine to reduce the fire. Water should be sprayed to keep the cooling of vessels in fire site and provide protection on the fireman who shut off the valve. First aid measuresThe person inhale chlorine should be retreated from the polluted area for rest and keeping them warmung. The serious affected person should be send to hospital for emergency treatment. The irritated eyes should be flushed with clean water and seek doctors' help if it is acute. The contacted skin should be flushed with clean water firstly then rinse with soap completely. The burning should be treated in hospital. (4)Requirements on storage and transportation The toxic chlorine should be stored at special warehouse with shady, dry and well-ventilated conditions. It should be kept awav from the heat and fire sources and avoid direct sunlight. The liquidized chlorine is a kind of substance with severe toxicity, which should be kept ventilated and isolated with combustible substance. organic substance or other substance subject to oxidization. Special attention should be made on isolation with acetylene. terehinth. aether, ammonia, fuel gas, hydrocarbon, hydrogen. metal powder etc. The safety cap and 171 should anti-shocking rubber ring on the cylinder must be assembled before handling. The damages of the vessel In be prevented without rolling and shock. The tightness of valve should be checked with soap water regularly. addition, the chlorine leakage in warehouse should be checked. (5)Leakage treatment off. The respiratory and all-covered protective suit should be wore firstly. All fire source should be put The leaking valve should be shut off immediately. The leaking cylinder should be removed from the warehouse be send to to open area and put into solution of siacked lime to prevent poisoning. The discharged air should water scrubber or draught cupboard connected with the scrubber with discharging fans. (6)Demonstration on the measures used in the project make To avoid any possible leakage of chlorine, the selection of chlorine-adding equipment should be advanced carefully firstly. The automatic all vacuum chlorine-adding equipment with reliable safety and the performance is selected in the design. It can reduce the chlorine leakage to a minimum level to increase safety of chlorine-adding procedure. also The detection and alarm system for the chlorine leakage is installed at the chlorine-adding room. It is treatment equipped with neutralization equipment for leaking chlorine. The circulated alkaline liquid in the equipment will be used for the neutralization of leaking chlorine with the tail gas discharge into atmosphere not bring after checked for qualifications with treatment. In this way, the chlorine leakage in water plant will damages to environment. According to the physical and chemical characteristics in "New Safety Manual of Hazardous Substance" measures and hazard analysis, the precautions in storage and transportation are proposed with the anti-leakage is taken in Maojiapingwater purification plant, it is considered that the environmental protection measures measures effective with the highly recognized by the water purification plant on the hazards of chlorine. The also meet the requirements in the "Safety Manual". 4.3.9.2 Evaluation of environmental risk due to ammonia leakage 1) Physical and chemical property of ammonia Molecular formula: NH3, relative density of gaseous ammonia (air= 1): 0.59 Molecular weight: 17.04, relative density of liquid ammonia (water= 1): 0.7067 (25 C) Self-ignition point: 651.1 PC Melting point ( C): -77.7, explosion limit: 16% - 25% Boiling point ( C): -33.4, 1% aqueous solution pH: 11.7 Vapor pressure: 882kPa (200) 2) Route of contact and hazard I Toxicity and poisoning mechanism Human per os of liquid ammonia TDLo: 0.15mlI/kg Human inhalation of liquid anmmonia LCLo: 5000ppm/5m 172 After entering into human body, ammonia can block tricarboxylic acid cycle and reduce the action of cytochrome oxidase to cause increase of brain ammonia and produce neurotoxic action. High density ammonia can cause histolysis and necrosis. () Route of contact and symptom (1) Inhalation: inhalation is the main route of contact. Ammonia pungency is a reliable hazardous concentration alarm signal, but due to smell fatigue, it is difficult to be conscious of low concentration ammonia after prolonged contact. A. Ammonia poisoning due to slight inhalation is manifested by rhinitis, pharyngitis, trachitis and bronchitis. Patients may have pharynx causalgia, cough, expectoration, emptysis, chest distress and ache behind breast bone etc. B. Acute ammonia poisoning due to inhalation is mostly caused by fortuitous events such as pipe breakage and valve burst. Acute ammonia poisoning is manifested by mucous membrane irritation and ambustion of respiratory tract and its symptom depends on ammonia concentration, inhalation duration and personal receptivity. C. Serious inhalation poisoning may cause laryngeal edema, glottis stenosis and mucous membrane desquamation of respiratory tract and trachea blockage and suffocation. Inhalation of high concentration ammonia can directly affect permeability of pulmonary capillary to cause pulmonary edema. (2) Skin and eye contact Low concentration ammonia can quickly generate stimulary function to eye and humid skin. Contact of humid skin and eye by high concentration ammonia gas can cause serious chemical burn. Skin contact can cause serious ache and burn and result in coffee like stain. Corroded location appears colloidal and soft and can cause deep tissue damage. High concentration vapor is strongly stimulant to eye, causes ache and burn, results in significant inflammation and may possibly cause hydrops, epithelial tissue damage, nubecula and iritis. Gentle case generally can be released and serious case may last for a long time and incur such complications as continuous hydrops, scar, permanent nubecula, eye bulge, cataract, eyelid and eyeball accretion and blindness. Multiple and continuous contact of,ammonia can cause conjunctivitis. 3) Cause of risk The main cause for risk of accidents in water purification plant is equipment failure. After consultation of information in respective aspects, almost no report of ammonia (chlorine) leakage in water purification plant is found, indicating that equipment in water purification plant has reached very reliable degree. Another-cause of possible accident is operation against rules and the phenomenon of operation against rules can be avoided owing to automatic dosing equipment in water works. 4) First aid treatment il Removal of contamination 173 If the patient only has contacted ammonia gas and has not had stimulation symptom of skin and eye contact, it is not necessary to clean up contarmination. Assuming that liquid ammonia is contacted and clothes is contaminated, the patient shall take off and put clothes into double layered plastic bags. In case of eye contact or eye irritating sensation, it is necessary to wash for more than 20 minutes with plenty of clean water or normal saline. In case of blepharospasm at the time of washing, it is necessary to put into 1-2 drops of 0.4% oxybuprocaine and continue to wash it sufficiently. Should patients wear contact lenses that is easy to be removed and will not damage eye, it is necessary to take off contact lenses. Skin and hair in contact with ammonia shall be washed for 15 minutes with plenty of clean water. Care shall be taken to protect eyes when skin and hair are washed. Q) Resuscitation of patient Immediately move patient out of contaminated area and carry out three step method of resuscitation for patient (air passage, respiration and circulation): Air passage: ensure air passage is not blocked by tongue or foreign matter. Respiration: check whether patient respires or not. If not, pocket mask etc shall be used. Circulation: check pulse and if there is no pulse, carry out cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. ( Preliminary treatment There is no specific toxicide for ammonia poisoning and support treatment shall be adopted. If contact concentration is =SOOppm and symptom such as eye irritation and pulmonary edema occurs, the following measure is recommended: first spray dexamethasone 5 times (using metered-dose inhaler) and then spray two times every five minutes until the patient is delivered to emergency department of hospital. If contact concentration is =1500ppm, it is necessary to establish vein passage and intravenously inject 1.Og methylprednisolone or equivalent dose of steroid. Ammonia inhaler shall be provided with humidified air or oxygen. In case of anoxia, humidified oxygen shall be provided. If the patient has respiratory distress, endotracheal intubation shall be considered. When the condition of patient makes it impossible to conduct endotracheal intubation, thyrochondrotomy shall be performed if possible. The patient having bronchospasm can be treated with spray of bronchodilator such as terbutaline- Skin in contact with ammonia may cause chemical burn, which can be treated as thermal burn: fluid replacement shall be properly made, anodyne shall be given, body temperature shall be maintained and disinfection pad or clean bed sheet shall be used to cover trauma. In case skin is in contact with high pressure liquid ammonia, care shall be taken to prevent frostbite. 5) Treatment of leakage l Slight leakage Evacuate all personnel in the area and prevent vapor inhalation and contact with liquid or gas. Treatment personnel shall use respirator. Entry into limited space where ammonia gas may possibly a&cumulate shall be prohibited and ventilation shall be increased. Leak stoppage can be made only when safetv is ensured. Leaked 174 container shall be moved to safety area and valve can be opened to release pressure only when safety is ensured. Such inert absorbing material as soil and vermiculite can be used to collect and absorb leaked materials and the collected leaked materials can be put in labeled enclosed container for disposal. -2 Heavy leakage Excavate all unprotected personnel in the area and transfer them to upper drift area. Leakage treatment personnel shall wear full length protective clothing and breathing apparatus and eliminate nearby fire source. Report to local government and "119" as well as local environmental protection department and public security and traffic police. Content of report shall include organization incurring accident; accident happening time and location, name of chemicals and leakage quantity, hazard level, personnel injury and death as well as name and telephone of reporter. Contact with or crossing over leaked liquid ammonia shall be prohibited. Leaked material shall be prevented from entry into culvert and sluiceway and ventilation shall be increased. Smoking and open fire shall be prohibited in the area. With safety ensured, it is necessary to stop or turn over leaked container to avoid leak-out of liquid ammonia. It is necessary to spray mist water to suppress vapor or change flow direction of fume cloud, but it is necessary to prohibit using water to directly impact leaked liquid ammonia or leakage' source. Prevent leaked materials fromn entry into water body, sewer, basement or enclosed space. Prohibit entry into limited space of possible accumulation. After washing, it is necessary to clean and disinfect all protective clothes and equipment before storage and reuse. 6) Disposal of combustion explosion 0 Characteristic of combustion explosion At ambient temperature, ammonia is a kind of combustible gas but is difficult to ignite. Explosion limnit is 16% - 25% and the easiest ignition concentration is 17%. The concentration at maximum explosion pressure is 22.5%. -2 Fire treatment measure Dunng storage, transportation and use, the following measures shall be taken in case of fire: (4) Alarm: promptly report to "119" fire control and the government. Content of report shall include organization incurring accident; accident happening time and location, name of chemicals and leakage quantity, hazard level, personnel injury and death as well as name and telephone of reporter. (2) Isolate, excavate and transfer personnel at risk to safety area. Establish 500m caution area and carry out traffic control on the main highway to accident site. Nobody except fire fighters and emergency treatment personnel is allowed to enter caution area and unrelated personnel shall be promptly excavated. 03 Before entry into fire scene, fire fighters shall wear chemical-proof suit and positive pressure respirator. Ammonia gas can easily penetrate clothes and is easy to dissolve in water. Fire fighters shall take care to protect the body parts where perspiration is great, such as reproductive organ. axilla and anus. (4) Dry powder or CO2 extinguisher shall be used in case of small fire and water curtain. spray waler or conventional foam can be used. 175 (5) When fire occurs to storage tank, try to extinguish fire from remote distance and remote control water gun or water cannon shall be used. (6) Never directly spray water to leakage port or safety valves to prevent freezing. (7) When safety valve gives sound or changes color, excavate as soon as possible and never stay on the two sides of storage tank. 7) Demonstration of measures taken for the Proiect The following measures are taken for the project: Q Chlorine (ammonia) dQsing room is externally provided with gas mask, rescuing materials and tool box. Gas mask shall be tightly sealed and stored to avoid failure. Lighting and ventilating equipment shall be provided with outdoor switch. (®) Chlorine (ammnonia) dosing room shall be separated from other work rooms and be provided with the following measures: (1) Doors directly to outside and opens outwards; (2) Observation window shall be provided; ©)Chlorine (ammonia) dosing room and its warehouse shall be provided with ventilation equipment that exchanges air 8-12 times per hour. Q For feed water pipe to chlorine (ammonia) dosing room, uninterrupted water supply shall be ensured and stability of water pressure in the pipe shall be maintained as much as possible. (5) Pipe and fittings for dosing chemical agent for disinfection shall be corrosion resistant material and ammnonia dosing pipe and equipment shall be copper material. $) Chlorine and ammonia dosing equipment and its pipes shall have spares depending on actual situation. The above measures conform to the requirement of environmental protection design for water purification plant in the use of liquid ammonia and these measures are practicable. 4.3.9.3 Demonstration of liquid chlorine disinfection technology this According to information provided by design institute, the clean water conveyance distance of project is long. To ensure the effect of disinfection, chlorine and amrnonia-disinfection method is recommended. As for the reason that chlorine dioxide is not used for disinfection, the following points are considered: (i) Related research shows that the disinfectant of chloramines generated from chlorine and ammonia has conveyance a better antiseptic power than chlorine dioxide, which is favorable to the long distance clean water of this project. (2) Disinfection of chorine dioxide generates inorganic disinfection by-product chloranion (CIO' ) and (CIO3 ) that are of some toxicity. Chlorine dioxide itself is hazardous particularly in high concentration. (3) Chlorine dioxide is very unstable and tends to explode and its storage and transportation are both difficult. Theretore site production is often carried out. but production and use of chlorine.dioxide still have some technical problems remained to be solved. Its production process and operation are complicated and requires much more for the operation management of water works. (4) At present the price of materials (sodium hypochlorite or sodium chlorite) for production of chlorine dioxide is relatively high. (5) Current national standards have specified the criterion for evaluation of chlorine dioxide disinfection. To meet the requirement of residual chlorine test, even though chlorine dioxide is used for disinfection, some chlorine gas still needs to be implemented to enable outlet water and pipe network water to attain national standard. (6) Presently the water works that use chlonne dioxide for disinfection are basically small sized ones and no report shows its application in large scaled water works which lack the experience of operation and management. (7) Raw material for this project is reservoir water and water quality reaches grade l-II, thus it is of no need to worry about liquid chlorine disinfection by-product. To sum up, liquid chlorine is the most widely used, cheap and effective method of disinfection and as the distance of clean water conveyance distance for this project is long, liquid chlorine is used for disinfection. 4.3.IOPipeline's affection on water quality and The water distribution pipeline in this project is mainly tunnel. The laid steel pipe will be used when cross the flat sections. The water quality during the transmission will not be affected because there is no pollutants will be solved from the rock of the tunnel. 4.3.11 Analysis of impact on Tashan Weir (1) Analysis of impact on water conservancy function of Tashan Weir Tashan Weir is situated at the outlet of Zhangxi River beside Tashan Mountain in the west head of Yinzhou Town, Yinzhou District and is collectively called, together with Zhengguao Channel, Ling Channel and Dujiang Weirs, Four Major Ancient Chinese Hydro Projects. It was published as a national key cultural relic protection unit by State Council in January 1988 and was chosen as one of ten scenic spots in Ningbo City in 1994. After Tashan Weir was built, it has played a huge role. Water in the upper reaches is blocked by the weir and flows into Nantang River to irrigate more than 200,000mu farrnland in the seven townships in west Yinzhou. In flood season, flood in the upper reaches overflows the weir surface into Fenghuai River, and rushes through Yangjiang River down to the sea at Zhenhaikou so as to alleviate flood situation in west Yinzhou. Site selection of Tashan Weir is rational and its design is scientific. It can both fight against drought and regulate water quantity into Nantang River. More than a thousand years has been past. Weir body is still basically intact and it can still exert the function of "blocking salty water. storing fresh water. draining flood and diverting water" from the present situation. For this project, as taking water from reservoir may cause decrease of river drainage flow, water flow erosion to upstream weir body is reduced accordingly. But Tashan Weir is still basically intact after a thousand i77 reaches years, which indicates its structure is rational and solid and reduction of incoming water from upper adverse should not basically cause impact on Tashan Weir. Therefore the project construction will not cause impact on Tashan Weir. It can still exert the function of "blocking salty water, storing fresh water, draining flood and diverting water". Tashan Weir is a hydraulic structure of special cultural relic value in Zhangxi River. As a hydraulic function of structure, it is because Tashan Weir is in a position and is of a certain structure that it has the of this "blocking salty water, storing fresh water, draining flood and diverting water". During construction Weir project, any structure of Tashan Weir will not be changed. The time and quantity of flow through Tashan of may be reduced to a certain extent and function of flood drainage may be relatively weakened only because water from the reduction of incoming water from upstream of the weir in flood season. More incoming blocking upstream of the weir will blocked and enter into Yinxi Region for irrigation, but the function of seawater salty tide will not be reduced. In general, construction of this project will not greatly affect water conservancy function of Tashan Weir. (2) Analysis of impact on landscape effect of Tashan Weir of From the above analysis, drainage flow from the reservoir will be reduced at different factors this assurance after completion of this project. But according to the water resource demonstration report of of project, the balance calculation of water diversion project has included the total water consumption 3 water lO,00Om /d of water catchments between Jiaokou Reservoir and Tashan Weir and the supplementary water quantity for irrigation in Yinxi Plain. These two parts of water will be drained from the reservoir through 2 area course to water catchments and downstream Yinxi river network. In addition, in the 100km catchment and the from Jiaokou Reservoir to Tashan Weir, there is a series of streams flowing into Zhangxi River 3 after minimum monthly average drainage flow in low water year (p=90%) can reach 0.88m /s. Therefore from completion of this project, although the function of flood drainage is weakened, more incoming water function of upstream of the weir will be blocked and enter into Yinxi Region for irrigation. Furthermore, the blocking salty seawater tide will not be changed. and its impact on landscape is not great. 4.4 Conclusion of. environmental impact assessment and environmental protection measure for Zhougongzhai Reservoir The Environmental Impact Report of Ninbo City Zhougongzhai Reservoir, the serially linked reservoirs Provincial in the upper reaches of water catchment source for this project, has been completed by Zhejiang project Design Institute of Environmental Protection Science in November 2001 and the background if this environmental assessment and the main evaluation conclusion for its environmental impact are as follows. 4.4.1 Nature of Zhougongzhai Reservoir and situation of surrounding environmental background (1) Nature of Zhougongzhai Reservoir of Zhougongzhai Reservoir is in Daojiao Stream in the upper reaches of. Yinjiang River, a tributarv Zhangshui Fenghua River. 7.5km upstream of Jiaokou Reservoir. The dam site is in Zhougongzhai Village, 178 Town, Yin County (present Yinzhou District) and the power generation plant is on the right bank of the river 350m upstream of Duao Village at 2km in the lower reaches of the dam site. Zhougongzhai Reservoir is a comprehensive utilization reservoir combining water supply, flood control and power generation. In terms of water supply, under the precondition that water utilization in Yinxi Plain is not affected, it operates jointly with Jiaokou Reservoir to supply high quality water source to Ninbo City urban area to the greatest extent. In terms of flood control, it operates jointly with Jiaokou Reservoir to make flood control standard in the lower reaches of Jiaokou Reservoir reach once every 20 years. In terms of power generation, it supplies peak load power to power grid. 2) Surrounding environment of Zhougongzhai Reservoir (1) River water system: Yinjiang River is in the west of Yin County (present Yinzhou District), Ningbo City and is a tributary of Fenghua River. It originates from the south foot of Longyan Hill in Siming Mountain at the junction of the three cities and counties of Fenghua, Yuyao and Yin County and its total length is 59km. Its main stream Dajiao Stream is 42.5km in total length and drainage basin area is 169km2, and it joins with the tributary Xiajiao Stream (river length 24km and drainage area 90km2) and then enters Jiaokou Reservoir. The lower reach of Jiaokou Reservoir is Yinjiang River (also called Zhangxi River). This drainage basin belongs to flashy stream with short source and rapid stream and scanty hydrobiont resources and there is no rare and valuable wild hydrobiont. (2) Terrain and landform: Dajiao Stream is a part of low mountain hill region in east Zhejiang and belongs to Siming Mountain, a branch of Tiantai Mountains The surface relief inclines from southwest to northeast and watershed elevation is mostly 300-900m with peak being 976m. In the drainage basin, chain of mountains stretch long and unbroken and ravines run in length and breadth. River fall head is great and river source is short and steam is rapid. The river valley in dam site is in the "V" shape and two banks are relatively symmetrical. Width of low river valley is 30-60m, width near dam top is 360-390m, average slope of left bank is 35-37 , average width of right bank is 36-40 , and ridges in dam site are 60m higher than the top of dam. (3) Engineering geology: the location where the reservoir is situated in the second umbo of neocathaysian macrotectonics southeast of secondary cathaysian structural belt on the west edge of Ningbo Basin. Affected by Siming Mount Xiepu NE direction structural belt and Huangtan-Dayin NNE direction secondary structural belt, the survey area is mainly based on NE direction fracture with NNE direction as secondary and there is certain dense zonal zonality. The nodal region of this project is between secondary structural belts and structural influence is relatively weak. The basic earthquake intensity of the reservoir is VI degrees. Massif is abundant around the reservoir and is impervious stratum. Underground watershed-is much higher than designed water level of the reservoir and residential points and farmland are sparse. No valuable mineral resources have even been found in the reservoir and there will be no water leakage or submersion after the reservoir is completed. 14) Soil vegetation: soil distributed in the reservoir drainage basm mainly is red earth. yellow red earth sub&roup and paddy soil. Red earth is distributed below 200m elevation line of low mountain hill. yellow earth 179 earth. Paddy above 500m and between 200-SOOm is transitional red yellow subgroup interpenetrated with red soil is distributed in the farmland on the two sides of deans. forest Vegetation in the drainage basin belongs to mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest belt and and most coverage is over 65%. Due to frequent human activities, most indigenous vegetations are damaged red pine, fir, existing forests are manmade forests or secondary forests. Main conifer trees are Chinese camphor tree, cryptomeria and golden larch etc; main evergreen broad-leaved trees are oil tea camellia, lotus, sassafras, Qinggang, holly and palm etc; deciduous broadleaved trees are Liquidambar formosana Hance, simsii gingko, china grass, Chinese chestnut etc; shrub and between-forest vegetation are oak, Rhododendron Planch, oriental blueberry, poplar and wisteria; and bamboo is Mao bamboo. The (5) Present situation of soil erosion: the relief type of reservoir area belongs to low relief terrain. coverage is present vegetation in the reservoir catchment area and dam site is well protected and vegetation type of relatively high. Soil erosion modulus in this area is 440 t/km2-a and belongs to slight erosion area. The soil erosion is mainly hydraulic erosion and the main form is surface erosion. District, (6) Social economy: reservoir catchment area includes Zhangshui Town (a small part) in Yinzhou people and Zhangxi Township, Dalan Town and a part of Siminshan Town with total population of 32,000 with inconvenient 20,000mu farmland. The project area belongs to economically backward Simningshan region economy is traffic. Except water resource and forest resource, other resources are deficient in this region. Local industry mainly mainly based on crop and plant cultivation and forestry and a small part is extensive processing manufacturing based on forest product, such as bamboo processing, bamboo shoot can processing and tea etc. industry. Agriculture is mainly based on planting such as paddy, wheat, soybean and sweet potato (7) Resettlement and relocation Government, According to the resettlement plan of affected residents proposed by Yin County People's is 2,373, by the planned level year. 2005, the total number of people moving out of Zhougongzhai Reservoir Village, 287 in including 2,331 agricultural population and 42nonagricultural population: 993 in Zhougongzhai 277 in Wukeng Waian Village, 332 in Lian Village, 245 in Taokeng Village, 199 in Jiangjiashan Village, Village, 6 in Maohuo Village and 34 in Baiaodong Village. Implementation of resettlement plan is the responsibility of local Zhangshui Town People's Government. and others 1,000 agricultural population and 42 nonagricultural population are arranged in Zhangshui Town and 148 to move out to adjacent townships and towns, e.g. 500 people to Dongqiao Town, 670 to Gulin Town Jishigang Town. 4.4.2 Environmental impact after completion of reservoir 4.4.2.1 Favorable influence and 1 I ) Construction of this project will alleviate the situation of supply water shortage in Ningbo City rapid increase flood prevention and control ability in Yinxi Plain. It is of great importance to promoting further city, economic development of this city and achieving the goal of building Ningbo into the important industrial heavv petrochemical base, foreign trade port in East China and the economic center in Zhejiang. 180 ( 2) This reservoir has significant flood storage and peak clipping function for the flood occurring once every twenty years and is very conducive to the safe operation of Jiaokou Reservoir and flood control safety of Yinxi Plain. ( 3 ) The reservoir changes the natural discharge process of the dam site. Drain flow decreases in high water period and increases in low water period, thus it homogenizes the incoming runoff of Jiaokou Reservoir, increases the regulating and storing capacity and can better meet the requirement of water utilization. (4) When two reservoirs jointly supplies water, flow to the lower reaches of Jiaokou Reservoir will decrease and cause deterioration of watercourse water under adverse hydrological conditions. The reservoirs shall drain some water to supplement ,and maintain the function of watercourse water body. (5) When Zhougongzhai Reservoir is completed, water quality of the reservoir can reach Class 1-2 surface water standard and nutritional level of the reservoir is medium. (6) The project will have some effect on the climate after its completion. It will increase humidity in reservoir region and annual average air temperature and reduce annual air temperature difference and rainfall, but the degree of impact is small. 4.4.2.2 Adverse effect ( I ) When the reservoir is completed, temperature of drain flow is low and it has some impact on some farmland between Zhougongzhai and Jiaoku reservoirs. The impact can be avoided by taking agricultural measures. (2) During relocation of people from reservoir area, the living and production conditions of the settlers will be improved. They will have more job opportunities and their living standard will be increased to a large extent. It will have small impact on the environment in the relocation area. Number of relocated people is small and their means of production is basically not affected, because construction of houses will occupy some forest land and impact on the people's living standard is very limited. After technical training and policy support, their living standard can be maintained as present or be improved, but it is greatly different compared with externally migrated people. Soil erosion may be caused to some extent during relocation. (3) Soil erosion will be caused to a great extent during road construction. Waste residues will be comprehensively utilized, but still a part of it will be discarded, causing some adverse effect. on the environment. 4 ) Waste water, waste gas, water residue and noise during project construction will have adverse effect on the environment and the health of construction personnel and nearby residents. Adverse effect can be reduced bv taking measures of dust suppression. wastewater treatment, sound tnsulation and other non-engineering measures. 5 ) The project is very unlikely to cause earthquake and effect of peripheral earthquake on the project area is grade 4. Reservoir bank is stable and has no immersion effect. k 6 ) Excavation, landfill. road construction and resettlement of affected residents will damage vegetation and cause adverse effect on ecology, but it will not affect the living environment of valuable and rare animals and plants. 181 4.4.2.3 Conclusion of comprehensive assessment In summary, construction of this project is very significant to the economic development of Ningbo City and its economic benefit is obvious. Reservoir submersion, project construction and operation will cause adverse effect on water, air and acoustic environment and ecological environment. However as long as we strictly execute related national environmental protection laws and regulations and environmental standards and take necessary environmental protection measures, we can minimize its adverse effect on the environment and achieve the environmental protection goal in the report. Therefore, construction of this project is feasible from the environmental protection point of view. 4.4.3 Environmental protection countermeasure 4.4.3.1 Reservoir water quality protection measure After completion, Zhougongzhai Reservoir will assume the task of water supply to Ningbo City jointly with Jiaokou Reservoir in the lower reaches. Therefore it is necessary to strengthen.water quality monitoring so as and pollution source investigation and promptly grasp the water condition of reservoir and catchment area to provide basis for water source protection. To further strengthen water quality protection and monitoring II force, it is suggested that Zhougongzhai Reservoir be determined to be Grade I protection zone for Class quality drinking water head site with area of 2.3km2 and 4.Okm2, the 0.5km range around the reservoir be be Grade n1 protection zone for Class 11 quality drinking water head site, and other areas in the catchment area quasi-protection zone for Class II quality drinking water head site, and the following water quality protection measures be taken: (1) Conventional water quality monitoring cross-section is set at Zhougonghai Reservoir head, power station tail water outlet, Jiaokou Reservoir head and reservoir water outlet to periodically monitor water quality every year. (2) Do not discharge wastewater into water body in the Grade I protection zone; do not set dock unrelated in to water supply and do not allow ships to berth; do not stack or store wastes such as feces; do not engage planting and breeding fowls and livestock and strictly control cage culture; forbid all tourism activities and other activities that may possibly pollute water sources. Do not build or expand construction projects that discharge pollutants into water body in the Grade ni protection zone. Reconstruction projects must reduce discharge quantity of pollutants; original pollution zone discharge ports must reduce discharge quantity of wastewater to ensure that water quality in protection meet the specified Class 11 water quality standard. Direct or indirect discharge of wastewater into water body from quasi-protection zone must conform to national and local wastewater discharge standard. When total quantity can not ensure that water quality in protection zone meets the specified Class II water quality standard, pollution discharge load must be reduced. (3) Use of highly toxic and high residue pesticide is forbidden in farmland in protection zones at various and levels and use of phosphoric washing powder is forbidden. Encourage the use of farmyard clay manure reduce the use of chemical fertilizer to reduce flow of nutritious substances into reservoir. (4) Some fishes that rely on plankton as food such as grass carp. crusian carp and silver carp (no bait) can be farned to prevent reservoir eutrophication. 182 (5) Strengthen the protection of water and soil resources in the upper reaches of reservoir area to reduce water and soil erosion. (6) Strengthen transportation management of poisonous and harmful materials on road in the reservoir area to prevent occurrence of pollution incidents. (7) Carry out control of total discharge quantity of pollutants from upstream of Zhougongzhai Reservoir and Jiaokou Reservoir and ensure water in related areas attain the functional requirement. 4.4.3.2 Environmental protection during construction period 1) Construction wastewater treatment Treatment of wastewater from sandstone system: two compartments of sand settling basins in parallel are set (one compartment is standby with effective volume of 40m3). Outlet water from sand settling basins is settled through horizontal sedimentation tank (each should have two compartments with effective volume of 160m3) and supematant is reutilized. Bottom settlings shall be cleared out periodically and enter into excavation waste dump. Grade I discharge shall be strictly implemented. Treatment of flushing wastewater from concrete system: it is required that appropriate sedimentation tank (effective volume of 65m3) be set at discharge port of wastewater from mixing system and wastewater is discharged after sedimentation process. Bottom settlings are periodically cleared out and transported and piled in excavation waste dump. Treatment of automobile washing water: automobile washing water mainly contains oil and mud and sand etc. automobile washing yard shall be concentrated on barrage area and a 5m3 sand settling and oil separation tank is provided to collectively treat waste oil and to prevent washing about from polluting the environment. Treatment of machinery washing water: wastewater mainly contains oil and alkali. It is required that oil and water separator be set in repair shop to control oil content of wastewater to below 10mg/L before discharge. 2) Treatment of construction domestic wastewater Treatment of domestic wastewater: a buried type powerless wastewater treatment system is set in dam area, plant area, construction area and living area and disinfection is made periodically. The wastewater cleared out can be used as fertilizer for nearby farmland or be cleared out by local municipal environmental sanitation department. Treatment of wastewater from canteen: oil and water separator is set in canteens of all areas to treat wastewater before discharge. 3) Atmospheric environmental protection Construction personnel in seriously polluted dam construction area and intake tunnel shall strengthen labor protection and wear dust masks. Operation in tunnel shall try to use wet drill and strengthen air draft to improve working condition. Major construction roads shall be equipped with sprinkling trucks to timely spray 183 water to reduce dust nuisance. For working face with serious dust pollution such as concrete mixing system, dust guard shall be used or high pressure atomization device be provided to remove dust. 4) Noise protection Construction personnel working in dam area, tunnel and construction road with serous construction noise pollution shall wear ear plug. Main high noise mechanical equipment shall be provided with noise insulation facility. Operation of sound source with strong noise level is \rbidden at night, and automobiles should not use horns and shall run at slow speed when passing by residential areas. 5) Treatment of domestic refuse Two domestic refuse collection points are set in residential areas and domestic refuses are periodically cleared out by nearby municipal environmental sanitation department (e.g. Zhangshui Town) once a day in summer and once two days in other seasons. 6) Epidemic prevention and quarantine The construction company shall assign full-time medical care personnel to carry out health care and epidemic prevention and quarantine work for construction personnel, conduct physical examination for canteen staff every year, and well carry out health administration in work area and establish epidemic situation reporting system. When infectious disease is found, besides reporting to higher level department, medical care personnel shall immediately take appropriate measures to control development of diseases, For high risk groups who contact wastewater and harmful substances and whose quarantine result is highly positive, they shall undergo health inspection depending on situations to prevent occurrence and spreading of infectious diseases. 7) Water quality monitoring Water quality monitoring points are arranged according to monitoring plan to strengthen water quality monitoring and control force during construction period and to prevent pollution of water quality of Jiaokou Reservoir and construction domestic water. 4.4.3.2 Environmental protection for resettlement area of affected residents in Zhougongzhai Reservoir I) Soil and water erosion prevention and control during resettlement and relocation Vegetation damage shall try to be reduced during resettlement and relocation. Foundation leveling shall adopt the method half excavation half fill to eliminate discarding of residues at will. New resettling area shall carry out landscaping plan and "landscaping of nearby places" and use bamboo, orange and camphor trees as landscaping trees for courtyard and nearby places so as to restore vegetation, conserve soil and w'ater, improve ecology and attain combination of environmental beautification with increase of farmers' income. 2) Environmental supervision During resettlement and relocation, it is necessary to carry out environmental supervision to reduce environmental damage. 3) Water quality protection measure 184 During construction of resettling area, it is necessary to well conduct wastewater treatment and centralized discharge according to new rural construction standard so as to reduce impact on reservoir water quality. 4.4.3.3 Ecological protection countermeasure and soil and water conservation measure Reservoir construction will cause damage of soil and water conservation facilities due to reservoir area submersion, construction excavation and compression of waste earth and residues to weaken original soil and water conservation capability. When heavy rain washes out earth, soil and water erosion will be aggravated to cause adverse effect on ecological environment. If there is no necessary protection measure for the site, flushed by rainwater and flood in rainstorm season, earth may be washed to river course to cause aggradation, increase water level and affect flood control safety. Therefore it is necessary to restore vegetation during and after construction as much as possible. Construction organization and management along the line of reservoir area shall be strengthened, rare and valuable plants in reservoir area shall be properly treated once found and transplanted by forestry and environmental protection departments; wild animals shall be protected and returned to the nature and catching and killing is forbidden. The permanently occupied land for construction shall be leveled and reconstructed and restored to forest land or farmland except those covered with buildings. To reduce or avoid the impact of permanent land occupation for the project and temporary land occupation in construction period on land utilization, it is necessary to take the following measures: (1) Try to reduce temporary land occupation during construction period. (2) Restore vegetation and farmland as soon as various temporary land occupation projects are completed and realize using while leveling and landscaping while second plowing; (3) When waste land or other idle lands are used, they shall be promptly cleared and treated to restore vegetation and prevent soil erosion. (4) Reduce damage to farmland and vegetation around the working area. Construction camps shall not be set in farrmland and forest land. Construction personnel shall be educated not to destroy forest or damage surface soil and vegetation outside camp site. (5) Strictly control forest felling quantity and prohibit the felling of forest out of the range of land requisition. Reduce the felling of or do not fell the forest in the range of temporarily used land. (6) Totally II over-one-hundred-year ancient trees will be flooded in the reseryoir area. It is suggested that these trees be relocated to the higher elevation or moved out for protection. During project construction, excavation and filling of main works, road reconstruction (expansion), material vard exploitation and resettlement will cause soil and water erosion, thus protection and landscaping must be carried out. The main measures are: (1) Except those covered with buildings. the occupied land in dam site shall be leveled and reconstructed and restored to forest land. Land leveling: 87,707m2; earth covering: 3.5OOm3; tree planting: 10,088 185 Liquidambar formosana Hance, 10,088 Chinese red pines, 700 bamboos; broadcast sowing grass seeds: 64,861m2, spray sowing grass seeds: 852m2, planting Boston ivy: 330 pieces. (2) The project temporarily occupies 106mu land, of which 56.66mu will be restored to paddy field and the rest will plant tea tree, Liquidambar formosana Hance and Chinese red pine. Tea tree: 3,330 pieces, Liquidambar formosana Hance and Chinese red pine: 7,794 pieces respectively (93.53mu), broadcast sowing khuskhus: 54,12 I m2. (3) Plant area needs to lay 3D vegetation net, plant grass 3,400m2 and plant lawn 734m2. For in-plant road, 100 camphor trees, 1,521 red woods, 45 bamboos are planted. Land leveling: 14,092rm-2, earth excavation for cut slope: 2,100m3, earth excavation for drainage ditch: 103.3m3, and grouted slabstone: 76.8m3. (4) Excavation waste dump needs to build grouted rubble retaining wall on the side of river. When discarding of residues is completed, the top platform of excavation waste dump is leveled and covered with earth, and then completely restored to forest land. (5) Waste residues for reconstructed road needs to be transported to the special waste dump and inside exposed surface along the road shall be greened with ivy and kudzu and grass seeds be broadcast sowed. (6) Reservoir bank protection forest shall be planted on the bank around the reservoir with total area of 29,145m2, 1,554 Liquidambar formosana Hance, fir and Chinese red pine trees are planted respectively and grass seeds are broadcast sowed for 25,482m2. (7) The excavated grit gravel material yard in the lower reaches of the dam will be restored to farmland for 90mu by utilizing originally stripped earthwork. (8) Reconstruction of other special facilities and construction of management area shall undergo soil and water erosion treatment according to the requirement of soil and water conservation scheme. 4.4.3.4 Water quality protection for river course in the lower reaches of Jiaokou Reservoir (1) After completion of Zhougongzhai Reservoir, with urban water supply ensured, Jiaokou Reservoir shall properly consider the environmental water utilization requirement in the lower reaches. When water quality in the lower reaches exceeds standard, it shall discharge water to meet the requirement of Class 11 water quality function area. It is suggested that valve relief hole be set in the dam to release water at any moment when river course in the lower reaches needs environmental water consumption. (2) Total quantity control shall be realized for discharge of pollutants on the two banks of river course to avoid water quality deterioration caused by economic development. 4.4.3.5 Guarantee measure for water utilization in the lower reaches of reservoir (1) Duao Village water supply compensation measure As domestic water for approximately 2,000 people in Duao Village downstream of power station is diverted from original Zhougongzhai Reservoir, 300m3/d is needed on the basis of 0.15m3id water consumption per capita. Tap water source can not be ensured during project construction period, thus it is considered that overfalls are built from the tributary upstream of Duao and Nianao Vilages as water source compensation and is connected through with original water supply system. The catchment area of this tributary 186 is 1.797km2, mean annual flow is 0.064m3/s, daily water quantity is 5,530m3, and daily average water quality in the driest month (P=90%) is 588m3, sufficient for the water demand by villagers. (2) Guarantee measure for water utilization in the lower reaches when power station shuts down abnormally When power station shuts down abnormally, reservoir emptying hole (controlled with valve) can discharge water to ensure the domestic and production water for residents in the lower reaches of Zhougongzhai Reservoir. There is 1,000mu farmland from downstream of Zhougongzhai Reservoir to Jiaokou Reservoir, and water for 3,000 people is taken from Dajiao Stream. If Im3/s water is discharged in irrigation period and 0.05m3/s discharged in non-irrigation period plus catchment in the section, it can meet the water utilization requirement on the two banks of river course. 4.4.3.6 Early-warning measure for water discharge downstream of the dam Water flow of river course in the lower reaches of Zhougongzhai Reservoir is mainly drainage flow from Zhougongzhai Reservoir. As generation time of power station is mainly peak power (08:00-22:00) time and drainage of water quantity is not uniform, in order to prevent sudden change of river course water quantity from affecting the lives and belongings of residents along the river, discharge caution plate is established on the river bank downstream of the reservoir, showing discharge time and precaution for operation on riverside. One caution plate is set for each kilometer and 15 plates are needed. 4.4.3.7 Pollution prevention and control measure for power plant area Main pollution source during operation period of power station shops is domestic wastewater and domestic refuse produced by operation management personnel and is in small quantity. Domestic wastewater is treated with powerless buried type treatment facilities and domestic refuses are provided with refuse box and collectively cleared and transported by municipal environmental sanitation department. 4.5 Environmental impact analysis conclusion in water resource demonstration report and protection measure 4.5.1 Environmental impact analysis 1) Impact on Zhangxi Stream runoff downstream of Jiaokou Reservoir dam When Zhougongzhai Reservoir is completed, it will operate jointly with Jiaokou Reservoir to realize reservoir pondage action, thus the spatiotemporal distribution of runoff in the lower reacdes of the reservoir will be changed. Flood retention and peak reduction in flood season reduce the peak discharge of river course. In non-flood season, due to power installation in reservoir, tail water flow from power generation can make river section downstream of Jiaokou Reservoir maintain sufficient ecological environmental water qualitv arid, if necessarv, Jiaokou Reservoir will discharge water for supplementation. Intake tunnel of Maojiaping Water Works is designed based on 500,000m3/d water supply scale and flow Q=6.13 m3/s (6/C' water loss already considered). After water diversion project is built, runoff in the section between Jliaokou Reservoir and Yinjiang Town will decrease shghtly due to adoption of water intake from 187 tunnel in reservoir area. After water conservancy computation, irrigation water after completion of the project will basically not be affected. 2i Impact on other water users (1) Present water supply situation of Jiaokou Reservoir Jiaokou Reservoir is a large scaled (2) hydro project integrated with water supply, flood prevention and power generation. It is situated near Miyan Village in Zhangshui Town, Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, with total storage capacity of 119,800,000m3, and dam catchment area of 259krn2.Zhougongzhai Reservoir under construction in the upper stream of design drainage basin is situated upstream of Jiaokou Reservoir near Zhougongzhai Village in Zhangshui Town, Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, with total storage capacity of I12,000,000m3, and dam catchment area of 132km2. Jiaokou Reservoir assumes the task of village and town water supply and farrmland irrigation water supply in Yinxi region, Yinzhou District. In addition, water catchment of Beidu Water Works in Ningbo City is Zhangxi Stream river course in the lower reaches of Jiaokou Reservoir. Within the irrigation range of Jiaokou Reservoir, Yinxi Plain has 103.5 km2 paddy field (155,700mu) and 6.5 km2 (9,750mu) dry land in 2001. With urban and traffic construction and development, farmland will decrease year after year. According to the prediction of planning and development, paddy field will be 83.3 km2 (124,950mu) and dry land will be 5.4 km2 (8,100mu) in 2020. Area of dry land is relatively small and water demand is in low proportion, thus reduction coefficient is used for simplified calculation and it is considered that 2mu dry land amounts to Imu paddy field. The mean annual irrigation water demand in 2020 will be 47,320,000m3. Water use quota for pig, cattle and sheep will be 30, 60 and 151/1-d in 2020 and water consumption for animal husbandry will 1,210,000m3/y. Calculation and analysis of long series day-after-day water quantity balance shows that before completion of Zhougongzhai Reservoir, under the precondition that Jiaokou Reservoir meets the water supply for irrigation and animal husbandry in Yinxi Plain in the lower reaches, the urban average daily water supply quantity will be 200,000t/d, considering daily water supply variation factor 1.14, maximum daily water capacity is 230,000t/d, mean annual water supply is 73,000,000m3 and water supply factor of assurance is 95%. (2) Impact of water resource development and utilization by the project on other water users [I] Impact on domestic water Domestic water in Yinxi Region in the lower reaches of Jiaokou Reservoir is mainly taken from the river course in the lower reaches of Jiaokou Reservoir. After this project is built, it can supply domestic and industrial water to various villages and towns in the lower reaches. which increases high quality supply water and improve water supply factor of assurance. 12] Impact on irrigation and environmental water utilization downstream of the dam Analysis and calculation shows that before completion of Zhougongzhai Reservoir, under the precondition that the farmnland irrigation in Yinxi Plain is met, the maximum daily water supply capacity is 230,000t/d, mean annual water quality quantity is 73,000.000rm3 and water supply factor of assurance is 95%. 188 After completion of Zhougongzhai Reservoir, it will operate jointly with Jiaokou Reservoir and can meet the requirement of daily water supply capacity of 500,OOOt/d. Water quantity balance analysis shows that this project after completion will not cause impact on agricultural water utilization in Yinxi. As presently water catchment of Beidu Water Works is in the river course in the lower reaches of Jiaokou Reservoir, after Maojiaping Water Works directly takes water from Jiaokou Reservoir, it will affect water catchment by this waier works. According to ring network project, water supply range of Beidu Water Works will be replaced by Maojiaping Water Works, thus it will not cause impact on original water users of Beidu Water Works. Water catchment sources of Beidu Water Works is planned to move to Tingxi Reservoir. When this project is built, water diversion scale will be 500,OOOt/d and flow will be Q=6.13m3/s (6% water loss already considered), accounting for 68.9% of mean annual flow of Jiaokou Reservoir. As diversion of runoff leads to decrease of runoff in the lower reaches, environmental capacity of river course also decreases, causing some adverse effect on water environment and water supply function of the river courses in the lower reaches. When Zhougongzhai Reservoir is completed, domestic water consumption in the lower reaches will be lO,OOOm3/d with consideration of environmental water demand in the lower reaches and water consumption of Zhangshui Town in the section, and additionally irrigation supply water passes Zhangxi River, therefore it is conducive to the improvement of water environment and water supply function of river courses in the lower reaches through reservation regulation. (3) Impact on hydrobiont When the project is completed, it will not cause great impact on hydrobiont etc and will not cause great adverse effect on fishery production. This project after completion will have very small impact on hydrological regime, water quality and water temperature in the lower reaches. Even under the most adverse condition, water temperature decrease is less than l1C and can return to normal at 1-2km downstream. It will not cause great change to present ecological environment in natural reserve and will not have significant impact on water resource protection. 4.5.2 Water resource protection measure 1) Pollution prevention and control and countermeasure during construction periods (1) Construction and production wastewater treatment During construction period, it is necessary to carry out protection work for various cut surfaces and excavation waste dumps. Discarding of waste residues at will is forbidden. Waste residues shall be plied in the designed location. Protection measures shall be provided according to soil and water conservation scheme to reduce adverse effect on soil and waste residue erosion on river water quality. Construction wastewater such as wastewater from sandstone system, flushing water from concrete mixing system and machinery washing waster shall be treated through the following treatment process flow: Wastewater * Grating ' Regulating pond * Sedimentation tank outlet water discharge External transportation of bonomn settlings 189 I I I I I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~f As construction wastewater can be produced during construction period, a construction wastewater river treatment process can be established. Outlet water from sedimentation tank can be directly discharged into and courses in the lower reaches after reaching the discharge standard. Dry sludge shall be periodically cleared transported ahd can be collectively cleared together with domestic refuses by urban environmental sanitation department to prevent secondary pollution. (2) Construction domestic wastewater treatment Each toilet shall be provided with septic tank and outlet water of septic tank can be used as fertilizer for nearby farmland or collectively treated with domestic washing water, sanitary and canteen wastewater. A set of powered buried wastewater treatment device is provided near construction arrangement area of dam site to treat domestic wastewater. The specific treatment process is as follows: pond Wastewater-_Grating _ Regulating pond - preliminary sedimentation tank -- contact oxidation _ sedimentation tank _ discharge When domestic wastewater is treated, outlet water can reach grade I discharge standard of "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard" and be discharged into nearby water body. (3) Solid waste treatment during construction period Solid wastes during construction period are mainly discarded earth and residues from construction works, domestic refuses and sludge generated from wastewater treatment. To improve environment and reduce soil and water erosion, it is required that vegetation damage be reduced as much as possible during construction, excavated earth and stone be used sufficiently and such measures as collective piling and discarding, protection and grass planting and landscaping be taken to reduce adverse effect on the environment. Several temporary refuse stations are set in the living quarter and local environmental sanitation department shall promptly collectively clear and transport refuses to prevent refuse putrefaction from propagation of various harmful substances secondary pollution. Bottom settlings produced from wastewater treatment shall be collectively treated by local environmental sanitation department. Besides the above three points, pollution prevention and control during construction period shall well carry out protection work 'for all cut surfaces and excavation waste dumps during construction. Discarding of waste residues at will is forbidden, waste residues shall be piled in the designated location and protection measures shall be provided according to the requirement of soil and water.conservation scheme. 2) Pollution prevention and treatment and countermeasure during operation period (1) Reservoir and river course water quality protection countermeasure [I] One year before impoundment of Zhougongzhai Reservoir. it is necessary to clean reservoir according to the requirement of "Planning and design specification for hydraulic power project reservoir submersion treatment'' and all cleaning work shall be finished three months before impoundment of reservoir and be accepted according to -Technical requirement of reservoir area cleaning''. 12] Conventional water quality monitoring cross-section is provided at reservoir head and water catchment and near dam site to periodically conduct water quality monitoring according to the requirement of 190 national monitoring specification. [3] It is prohibited from discharging untreated wastewater to water body, dumping industrial waste residues, municipal refuses and feces to water body and all tourism activities and other activities that may possibly pollute water sources. [4] Strength the management of rational fertilization for planting by farmers in all villages and towns in reservoir catchment area and in the upper reaches of the reservoir and control pesticide amount of application. Never use highly toxic and high residue pesticide in farmland in catchment area, do not misuse chemical fertilizer. Encourage the use of farmyard clay manure and reduce the use of chemical fertilizer to reduce flow of nutritious substances into reservoir and prevent pollution to water quality of reservoir and downstream rivers. [5] While sufficiently exerting reservoir benefit, reservoir management department shall attach great importance to reservoir water quality and give careful consideration to the development of tourist items and selection fish species to avoid damage of ecological balance and food chain. Some fishes that rely on plankton as food such as grass carp, crusian carp and silver carp (no bait) can be farmed to prevent reservoir eutrophication. [6] Strengthen the natural vegetation protection and ecological construction in the reservoir catchment area and forbid arbitrary felling, deforestation, opening up wasteland, and unrenewable felling headwater forests, protect natural vegetation and headwater forest and reduce eroded water and soil from entering water head site. (2) Management area pollution prevention and control countermeasure [I] Domestic wastewater pollution prevention and control When the project is completed, domestic wastewater produced by operation management personnel can be treated with buried powered wastewater treatment system and the specific treatment process flow is as follows: Wastewater Grating -. Regulating pond _-. preliminary sedimentation tank -_ contact oxidation pond lo sedimentation tank _ discharge Domestic wastewater is treated to reach grade I standard in the "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard" (GB8978-1996) before discharged into downstream river network. .To better save environmental protection investment, domestic wastewater treatment device in construction period can be used to treat domestic wastewater produced in operation management period. [2] Noise pollution prevention and control To better reduce noise impact on employees life, the following prevention and control measures can be taken: a. When selecting the type of equipment, try to select high quality low noise equipment. b When installing equipment. such auxiliary facilities as vibration isolating pad and silencer can be used. c. Wall materials in workshops can select sound absorption materials. [3] Solid waste pollution prevention and control During operation management period, a refuse station will be set in the livine management area at the 191 by dam and the produced solid wastes shall be collected into the refuse station and cleared and transported environmental sanitation department. (3) Water environmental protection measure While sufficiently exerting reservoir benefit, it is necessary to attach importance to the protection of reservoir water quality and water resource project shall carry out tourist item development and commercial and aquiculture to avoid destruction of ecological balance and food chain, forming of algae spreading aggravation of water eutrophication level. Strengthen the natural vegetation protection and ecological construction in the reservoir catchment area and forbid arbitrary felling and deforestation and opening up wasteland, protect natural vegetation and headwater forest and reduce eroded water and soil from entering water head site. Strength the management of rational fertilization for planting by farmers in all villages and towns in reservoir catchment area and in the upper reaches of the reservoir and use more organic fertilizer to reduce and discharge of animal and human excreta and efflux of nitrogen and phosphorus in chemical fertilizer efflux of suppress the increase of water body eutrophication level; control the use of pesticide, reduce poisonous and harmful pesticide and avoid pollution to water quality of reservoir and downstream rivers. During low flow period, water in the lower reaches is in shortage and the reservoir can discharge water project is according to water demand to meet the need of water utilization in the lower reaches. When the and completed, it is considered that water consumption of Zhangshui Town in the lower reaches is 1O,OOOt/d pollution additionaly, it will be needed to make up water to navigation ship lock in Yinxi Plain and municipal function flushing water. Therefore it is conducive to the improvement of water environment and water supply of Zhangxi River downstream of Jiaokou Reservoir. (4) Soil and water erosion prevention and control measure The areas directly affected by soil and water erosion of this project include such water conveyance line. plant area, excavation waste dump and block stone yard. Exposed cut surface of intake tunnel shall be protected and excavation slope shall be rationally determined according to cut surface during construction. In the temporarily occupied land, mainly auxiliary enterprises, warehouses, office area and living quarter are arranged. When construction is completed, first clear up the temporary construction facilities in the area soil. including demolition of temporary buildings, removal of concrete floor and re-loosenipg of compacted After completion of construction, most occupied land will be used as project management area and a small part will be returned to farmland after leveling. Selection of excavation waste dump shall try to use as less farmland and forest land as possible and the site with convenient traffic and transportation and low surface relief shall be selected. During discarding of take waste residues, it is necessary to maintain the stability of side slope around the excavation waste dump and the practical protection countermeasure combining engineering measure and vegetation measure to reduce soil and water erosion during discarding of waste residues. After completion of the project. excavation waste dump shall be leveled and rolled and some area can be covered with earth and restored to dry land. Surface covering earth can be taken from farmland to in submersion area. 192 Cut surface of block rock yard shall form appropriate slope and shall try to occupy less or no farmland. For the areas where soil and water erosion may be caused, engineering and vegetation measures etc shall be taken for protection. 4.5.3 Conclusion and suggestion 1) Conclusion When Zhougongzhai Reservoir is completed, under the precondition that farmland irrigation and environmental water utilization in Yinxi is ensured (irrigation factor of assurance reaches 85%), through joint operation of Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou Reservoirs, and with the water utilization of Yinxi Plain and Zhangshui Town satisfied, the reservoir can supply 173,000,OOOm3/t to Maojiangping Water Works, a public water works in central city of Ningbo. The design water supply capacity is 500,000t/d and water supply factor of assurance is 95%. Farmnand occupation due to excavation and filling during construction will generate some impact on agricultural production, but after rational resettlement and compensation measures are taken, the adverse effect of construction on surrounding environment can be reduced or eliminated. Project construction will disturb original landform and damage vegetation, causing local soil and water erosion, which will not have significant adverse effect on ecological diversity. According to surface water environmental protection function area division, Minyan in YinJin (outlet of Jiaokou Reservoir) is Class I quality headstream protection zone and other river sections are Class II quality multifunction areas and Class II quality centralized or domestic and drinking water source grade I and II protection zone. Present water quality: Zhougongzhai Reservoir inflow water quality is Class II, and Jiaokou Reservoir inflow water quality is Class and its outlet water quality is Class I. Reservoir area is determined to be drinking water source protection zone. Through implementation of water resource protection measure, its water quahty will be worse than present water quality and can meet the requirement of catchment water quality of this project. During operation period, water quality downstream of the reservoir will drop slightly and it is needed to control pollution source, reduce pollution discharge and consider some drained ecological environmental flow of the reservoir. In general, in the long run, the favorable influence of this project is major and adverse effect is munor and local. Its adverse effect can be reduced and eliminated by taking appropriate measures and there exist no major adverse factors that restrict project construction. Obviously, from environmental point of view, the construction of this project is feasible. In summary, the Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou Reservoir Water Diversion Project will utilize water resources and conform to the principle of rational development, economical utilization and effective protection, and water catchment of the project is rational. 2) Suggestions Through rational regulation of the two serially linked reservoirs Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou, well deal with project water utilization process and water qualitr balance problem. meet the requirement of all water 193 users and improve water utilization factor. Strengthen environmental protection management work, determine reservoir to be a drinking water source protection zone to effectively protect it, completely and rationally implement various environmental protection measures and ensure the implementation of various water resource protection measures. When this project is completed, local governmental sectors' shall coordinate the relation between industrial economic development and environmental protection, control the construction of polluting and river enterprises in reservoir area and on the two banks of river in the lower reaches to prevent reservoir water quality deterioration, and set water quality monitoring points to observe change of water quality. '94 5.0 Analysis of Alternatives 5.1 Alternative scheme of engineering system 5.1.1 Brief description of scheme It is planned to utilize Zhougongzhai Reservoir and Jiaokou Reservoir as the water source of the project in consideration of the existing conditions of water resources, overall planning of the water resources of Ningbo City and the analytic demonstration of the supply volume and water quality of Zhougongzhai Reservoir and Jiaokou Reservoir. The supply target of the project of is the towns of western Jinzhou region and the water distribution loop network of central city. The 3 alternatives of the water system of the project will be compared with determined locations of the water source and the water distribution loop network of central city. The similar part, such as Water catchment and distribution loop network, will not be included in the comparison. (1 ) Alternative No. I ,hougongzhai Reservoir liaokou Reservoiraojiain Water PlantI --- ain distribution loop network in central cityl |estern Jinzhou Region| In alternative No. 1, the water plant will be built on the hill northeast to Maojiaping Reservoir. The source water from Jiaokou Reservoir will flow by gravity into Maojiaping Water Plant. The treated water after treatment will flow by gravity to the main distribution loop network in central city through pipelines. Partial flow of the treated water will be distributed to country towns in the western region of Jinzhou District. Alternative No. I is shown in attached Figure 3. (2) Alternative No.2 hou gongzhai Reservoi iaokou Reservoi Maojiaping Water Plant --- | oost pump station in reservoi ai distribution loop |Western iinzhou Region |etwork in central citx 19' plant will go The differences with Altemative No.1 are followed: the treated water output from water through an additional boost pump station in reservoir before entering the main distribution loop network in as central city. The flow rate of the treated water flows by gravity to the boost pump station will be controlled flow rate of the normal hours of the day with largest demand. The conditioned and boosted water with the boost pump station of the reservoir will be delivered to the main distributi6n network at the flow rate at highest hour of the day with largest demand. The diameter of the main pipeline for treated water may be decreased by distributing water to western Jinzhou region at the intermediate output of the pipeline. In this alternative, one additional boost pump station in the reservoir have to be built. Alternative No.2 is shown in attached figure 9. (3) Alternative No.3 Vhougongzhai Reservoi Aiaokou Reservoir.Beidu Water Plan M ain distribution loop network in central city| western Jinzhou Region In Alternative No.3, the water plant will be built at Beidu. The raw water flows by gravity from Jiaokou The Reservoir to Beidu Water Plant, which located at terrain and has the same elevation with NingBo City. of western clean treated water will be supplied to the main distribution loop network in central city and towns is shown region of Jinzhou respectively after boosted by the pump stations in the water plant. Alternative No.3 in the attached figure 10. 5.1.2Comparison and selection of alternatives are The major points and economic parameters used for the comparison and selection of the alternatives shown in table 5-1. Table 5-1 Major points and economic parameters of water system alternatives No.3 Item i Altemative No. I Altemative No.2 Altemative Intaking I intaking tower he same with left. the same with lehf (D2.8m tunnel 9.04km Raw water distribution he same with left 2[N 1800 steel pipe 25km DN2500 steel pipe 0.54km. Plant |Water treatment plant I Maojiaping Water Plant I Maojiaping Water Plant I Beidu Water N1800 steel pipe 29.60km sN1400 steel pipe 7.30km N 1800 steel pipe 7.30km DN1600 steel pipe 13.3km !1800 with design capacity of 350.0r s p I |m '~ ~ ~ ~~~~/d DN2200 steel pipe 4.87km DN2200 steel pipe 4.87km DN2200 steel pipe 10.43km iMajor water distribution loop DN2000 steel pipe 19.33km DN2000 steel pipe 13.83km DN2000 steel pipe 15.27km network DN 1800 steel pipe 22.50km DN 1800 steel pipe 28.00km DNI 800 steel pipe 21.00km Total length 46.70km Total length 46.70km Total length 46.70km lntaking 1709.12 1709.12 1709.12 Raw water 8426.75 8426.75 37856.00 distnbution Treated wate 30818.12 34828.99 23696.08 plant Treated water Treated water 30364.29 25346.00 13041.00 pipeline Static Boost pump investment station for treated0 4400.00 (mn1000D water RMB) Water distribution 41923.03 41197.09 43099.61 loop network Moditcazion cost fbi 0 2800 1200 township wate plant Other cost 13136.68 13474.11 15315.23 project reserve projec reserve 12637.80 13218.21 13591.70 funds otal 139015.80 145400.26 149508.74 Electnicity charge for 196.20 1373.15 1569.00 operation (10000 RMB/y) Total present value (in 1o0 141266.21 161150.29 167505.17 RMB) Note: 1. The total investrnent of the project is.the static investment of the project, including construction cost, other construction cost and reserve fund for construction factor, excluding initial circulating fund and interest during construction. 2. The construction cost of the boost pump station included in Alternative No.2 and Alternative No.3 is an estimated cost. 3. The electricity charges for water treatment are not included due to they are the same in all Alternatives. The electricity charges for operation listed in above table includes the charges for raw water boost pump station, secondary pump station in water plant and the boost pump station in reservoir. The differences on the electricity charge are calculated with 0.60 RMB/kwh. 4. The total present value is calculated with 20 years and rate of return of 6% The major advantages and disadvantages are listed in table 5-2. 197 Table 5-2 Analysis on the advantages of disadvantages of the water system alternatives Item Alternative No.1 Alternative No.2 Alternative No.3 Water system Straight route without Straight route without Large turning in route, route reversed distribution. reversed distribution. longer distribution route Low land use fee with Low land use fee with Use farmland in terrain with upland. upland. higher value and larger Few environmental Few environmental environmental imparts. Location conditios.impact without use of impact without use of Difficult geologic condition farmland. Larger rock farmland. Larger rock but plain landform. and earth excavation and earth excavation volume volume Shorter route, high Shorter route, high safety Longer route with pipeline Raw water distribution safety and lost cost with and lost cost with tunnel for distribution. tunnel for distribution. for distribution. Intaking for Boost pump station is No need for pump No need for pump station watakerg for required for boosting station for boosting of for boosting of intaking. treatment plant when the reservoir level intaking. treatment plant is low. Water Saving electricity charge Large electricity charges Large electricity charges for dist ibution without boosting for all output water have all output water have to be distribution to be boosted boosted Large diameter Small diameter Large diameter determined Treated water determined base on the determrined base on the base on the highest hours of pipeline highest hours of highest normal hours of highest highest demand day. demand day. demand day. Boosting No. Output pump station in No Needed pump station the water plant is needed Direct supply with Boosting in reservoir is Boosting is needed. Longer flexible routing needed. Multiple supply pipeline. Reversed Supply for boosting pump stations supply method will be Western have to be built. Larger heavily used. Jinzhou project investment and Region electricity charge. Reversed supply will be _ adopted. Fewer management Maximum management Many management points I, I Operation point that facilitate the points with large with large management management management difficulties volume Total environmental Minimum Large Maiximum impacts _ _ _ _ _ As we know from two tables listed above. Alternative No.3 has unreasonable water system, larger I 98 volume of works and highest investment & present value. Compared with Alternative No.2, Alternative No.1 has low project investment, operational cost and lowest total present value calculated in 20 years. It has the most advantageous economic parameters and a reasonable technical design. In addition, the safety of the water supply of Alternative No. I is analyzed as below: ( I) Putting out of service of raw water distribution tunnel After the finishing of the project, the total water supply capacity of Ningbo City will be 1.7 million m3/d. The regulation capacity of the Beilun Water Plant under faulty conditions is limited and should not be taken into consideration because only small part of its' 300,000 m3/d supply capacity can be utilized by the central urban area. As the result, the total water supply capacity for central urban area should be considered as 1.4 million m3/d. Whenever the tunnel of the project is put out of service, supply capacity will be reduced to 900,000 m3/d. The water supply ratio will be 64.3%, which is lower than the 70% stipulated in National Standard. According to the experiences in the world, the possibility for the tunnel fault is very low and with far more safety than normal water distribution pipeline. In addition, the guaranteed water supply ratio can be increased with appropriate increase of the supply volume of other water plants and partial volume supplied from Beilun Water Plant. After the putting into operation of Beidu Water Plant, the water supply capacity will be reduced to 1.2 million m3/d from 1.7 million m3/d whenever the tunnel of the project is put out of service. The guaranteed water supply ratio will be 70.6%, which meets the requirement of National Standard. For the western Jinzhou region, the major loop network for water distribution and output pipeline for treated water included in the project can be utilized to supply water from east to west to meet the water supply demand whenever Maojiaping Water Plant is put out of service. In addition, the diameter of the tunnel is determined to be 2.8m with designed velocity of 1.00 m/s to meet the requirement on non-silting velocity. The flow velocity will still meet the requirement on non-silting velocity when the actual flow rate is lowered to 70%. In this way the frequency of the putting out of service of the tunnel will be further reduced. In conclusion, the safety of the project is high when one raw water distribution tunnel is used. In fact, even the raw water distribution tunnel is put out of service, the guaranteed water supply ratio of the city will basically meet the requirement of National and Standard in the intermediate term or meet the requirement in long term. (2) Treated water output pipeline It is planned to use two output pipes for the output of treated water. The two pipes will be connected with crossover pipe and valves. When one of them is broken, the supply capacity of 350,000 m3/d (70%) can be guaranteed. In the mediate term, the total supply capacity for the urban area will be reduced to 1.25 million m3/d from 1.4 million m3/d, which reach the ratio of 89.3%. In the long term, the total supply capacity for the urban area will be reduced to 1.55 million m3/d from 1.7 million m3/d, which reach the ratio of 91.2%. 3 ) Major urban loop network for water distribution The major urban loop network for water distribution in this project is single-pipe loop network. According to the Feasibility Report, the guaranteed water supply ratio is over 70% even the breaking of the loop network happens in the least favorable section. In conclusion. Alternative No. I has higher safety. which can meet the requirement on water suppiv safety whenever any section is faulty or being put out of service. It also has the lower investment and operation cost. 199 less management difficulties and less comprehensive environmental impacts. We recommend that Alternative No.1 to be used due to its' advantages on the aspects of project construction, economic parameters, water supply safety and operational management etc. 5.2 Alternative scheme of water catchment 5.2.1 Brief description of scheme Alternative No.1: Multi-layered intaking with vertical well (two layered) The multi-layered intaking well is located on the left bank and about 1000 meter from the end of the dam. The well with concrete lining will be excavated. The intaking inlets of the two layers will be opened at the upstream side. Based on the lowest water supply level and normal water supply level, the elevation of the intaking inlet of the bottom layer is determined to be 36m, which is 45 meter away from the well; the elevation of the intaking inlet of the top layer is determined to be 51m, which is 20 meter away from the well. The intaking inlet and the well will be connected with intaking tunnel with 2.8meter diameter (inner diameter). The bottom elevation of the well is 36m. The elevation of service platform is 69m. The elevation of the opening-closing platform is 78.5m. In the well, there are two steel flat gate with orifice size of 3 x 3m for water supply, one steel flat gate for service with orifice size of 3 x 3m and two removable steel trash screen with orifice size of 3 x Sm and opening-closing machine room on them. Alternative No.2: Multi-layered intaking with intaking tower (two layered) The multi-layered intaking tower will be located on the left bank of the dam and about lOOOm away from the left end of the dam. The tower is constructed with cast in place concrete. There are two intaking inlets on the tower. Based on the lowest water level and normal level of the reservoir, the elevation of the inlet of bottom layer is 36m with orifice size of 3 x 3m; the elevation of the inlet of the top layer is 49m with orifice size of 3 x 3m. There are two steel-structure flat water supply gates, one steel-structure service gate with orifice size of 3 x 3m. The fixed trash screen -will be install on the upstream. The service platform in the tower has the elevation of 69m and the opening-closing machine platform has the elevation of 78.5m. The room for opening-closing machine will be at the upper part of the tower. Alternative N6.3. Deep layer, intakin2!with vertical well (single lavered) The multi-layered intaking well is located on the left bank of dam and about 1000 meter from the end of the dam. The well will be excavated beside the bank and constructed with concrete lining. The bottom elevation of the well is 36m. The intaking inlet will be 45m away from the well and with bottom elevation of 36m. The intakine inlet will be constructed with underwater rock plug blasting and collecting of-broken rock. The intaking inlet and the well will be connected by intaking tunnel with 2.8meter diameter (inner diameter). In the well. there are steel-structure flat water supply gate with orifice size of 3 x 3m for water supply, one removable steel trash screen. The elevation of service platform is 69m. The ele%ation of the opening-closing platform with opening-closing machine room is 78.5m. 200 5.2.2 Comparison and selection of alternatives The comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the three altematives for intaking are listed in table 5-3. Table 5-3 Comparison table for intaking alternatives ernative Alternative No. I Altemative No.2 Altemative No.3 . ~~Item\ Multi-layered intaking well Multi-layered intaking Deep intaking well (single g type (in two layers) tower (in two layers) layer) Investment 5.54 million RMB 8.28 million RMB 3.92 million RMB Good raw water may be Good raw water may be Underwater rock plug obtained with varied levels obtained with varied levels blasting will be used for the and facilitate the operational and facilitate the construction, which avoids regulation. operational regulation. the empting of the reservoir. The construction of the Saving more earthwork; bottom inlet will use Least investment. underwater rock plug blasting, which avoid the empting of the reservoir. The construction of top inlet may be - carried out during the Advantages non-flood period when the lever is low (The requirement of the level of the reservoir is only 50m); Saving more investment; The construction of the intaking will not affect the reservoir's functioning on the irrigation of downstream farmland, water supply, power generation etc. The rock plug blasting has Largest investment; The rock plug blasting has high requirements on the The reservoir is required to high requirements on the landform and geology of the emptying to lower than landform -and geology of intaking; 36m. The cofferdam has to the intaking; Larger investment than be built for construction. The lower intaking will I Alternative No.3. The issues on flood period affect the quality oT supply Disadvantages during construction should water. I also be considered; The affection on the irrigation of downstream farmland is large during' the construction. 201 According to above comparison, although the investment for the deep intaking with vertical well in Alternative No.3 is the least, the water quality obtained is bad due to the lower intaking level, which is not suitable for water supply project. The multi-layered intaking with vertical well method used in Alternative No. I combined the advantages of multi-layered intaking with tower and deep intaking with vertical well. The construction work in Alternative No.2 is easy. It utilize the low level in non-flood period (the level of the reservoir can merely be reduced to 50m). The construction work may be carried out with cofferdam for construction after taking consideration of the requirement during flood period. During the whole process of the construction, there are little affect on the irrigation of downstream farmland, water supply and power generation. This alternative has two inlets in different level that can introduce water with different quality to ensure the quality of the raw water. The investment of Alternative No.2 is between that of the Alternative No.1 and Alternative No.3. Therefore, we recommend Alternative No.1 (Mulii-layered intaking with vetical well) to be used. 5.3 Alternative scheme of water diversion line 5.3.1 Brief description of scheme The comparison on water distribution route alternatives will be made with the condition that select Maojiaping (Migangdi) as the location of the water treatment plant. (I ) Scheme 1: Water diversion by tunnel Tunnel water catchment is arranged on the left bank of Jiaokou Reservoir dam and is about 1,OOOm from the left jetty head. After entering the tunnel, water passes through Huangnigang to Jiangao where water exits and the length of this tunnel length is about 783m with width of Jiangao being 80m and with buried steel pipe used; water enters tunnel from Jiangao throught Zhujia Mountain to Wangjiaao where it exits and tunnel length being 1,070m and length (width) of Wangjiaao being 150m and with buried steel pipe used; water passes Wangjiaao and then enters into Ganghang Mountain to Daao where it exits and the length of this tunnel section is about 2,530m with 260m buried steel pipe set at Daao; Water passes Daao and enters into Heshang Mountain and Fenghuang Mountain to Maojiaping Water Works (Migangdi) where it exits from tunnel and the length of this tunnel section is about 4,640m. As the tunnel is long and affects construction progress, two adits are specially set in Zhengjia Village and Jianao with length being 150m and lOOm (horizontal length) respectively. When adits are set, the 4,640m main tunnel is divided into three sections: the first tunnel section is 1,280m long, the second is 1,900m and the third is 1,460m. The total length of water diversion route for this scheme is about 9,529m including 9,030m tunnel with tunnel diameter (ID) being 2.8m; buried steel pipe is 490m long with pipe diameter being DN2500mm and total length of adit is 490m. 2) Water diversion by tunnel This scheme is to arrange tunnel water catchment on the left side of Scheme I and the course trend is basically the same. Water catchment is arranged on the left bank of the dam and is about 1,200m from the jetty head. Water enters Huangnigang and exits from tunnel at Jiangao, and then it enters Zhujia Mountain. Ganghang Mountain. Daaoling and Fenghuang Mountain and exits from tunnel at Maojiaping Water Works (Migangdi) with the length of water diversion being about 9.340m. According to arrangement of the route, an adot is set at Wangjiaao and Daao respectively and the two adits are both I 80m long, and buried steel pipe is set 202 at Jiangao with the length being lOOm. The longest tunnel section for this scheme is 4,540m and single-side tunnel entry is 2,270m. The total water diversion route for this scheme is about 9,340m including 9,240m tunnel with tunnel diameter (ID) being 2.8m. Buried steel pipe is about lOOm with pipe diameter being DN2500mm and adit is 360m long. (3) Combination of pipe and tunnel Water catchment is arranged on the left bank of the dam and is lOOm from the jetty head. It passes through 200m tunnel and exits from tunnel near Miyan Chemical Plant. Then it is connected to steel pipe which is arranged along the road. The pipeline passes through Wangjia Chetou to go to hillside, and passes through Zhang Village and Zhangxing to enter tunnel at the hillside of Lingxia Village and passes through Heshang Mountain and Fenghuang Mountain to exit from tunnel at Maojigping Water Works (Migangdi). The total route length for this scheme is 9,800m including 6,400m pipeline with pipe diameter being DN2500mnm. Tunnel length is 3,400m respectively with tunnel diameter (ID) being 2.8m. In addition, adit is set at Jianao with the length being l OOm. See figure 11 for arrangement of water diversion line scheme .5.3.2 Comparison and selection of alternatives The comparison on the three altematives is shown in table 5-4. Table 5-4 Comparison of distribution route alternatives n ative. Alternative No.1 Alternative No.2 Alternative No.3 Total length: 9529m 9340m 9800m Tunnel 9039m 9240m 3400m Steel pipe 490m lOOm 6400m Lateral tunnel 250m (two places) .360m (two places) lOOm (one place) Max. tunnel 2530m . 4540m 1600m section Diameter: Tunnel ID 2.8m 2.8m 2.8m Steel pipe ID DN2500mm DN2500mm DN2500mm Investment 74.52 million RMB 70.61 million RMB 111.22 million RMB Construction pe.-iod One year Two years One year period Advantages Advantages: easy for Advantages: shortest route; Advantages: easy for and construction with shorter least investment. construction with short disadvantages construction period. Disadvantages: Large construction period. Disadvantages: slightly difficulties for construction; Disadvantages: largest larger investment longest construction period investment As we see from above table, the investment of Alternative No.3 is significant larger (the fees for the handling of pipeline routing problems according to national policies are not included in the investment estimation). Although the investment of Alternative No.2 is less than Alternative No.1, it has long construction period that can not meet the urgent requirements on the water supply of western Jinzhou region. The slightly 203 larger investment of Alternative No.1 will bring the shortest construction period and relatively smaller environmental impart. The target proposed by the Jinzhou District Government to supply raw water in last year can be met with alternative No. 1. Therefore, we recommend Alternative No. I to be adopted. 5.4 Alternative scheme of water purification plant site 5.4.1 Brief description of scheme The area supplied by the project is the western Jinzhou region (about 15 m3/d) and the main loop network of the city (about 35 m3/d). Therefore, the location of the water treatment plant should be selected between Jiaokou Reservoir and western Jinzhou region to be supplied, i.e. the front end of the western Jinzhou region. In principle, reversed supply method will be adopted. The elevation of the water plant should be high to utilize the level of Jiaokou Reservoir. Otherwise, the locations of the lateral tunnel for construction of the untreated water diversion tunnel should also be taken into consideration. The location alternatives for the water plant are listed as below: ( I ) Alternative No.1: On the hill northeast to Maojiaping Reservoir (referred as Maojiaping Location) In this alternative, the plant will be located on the hillside northeast to Maojiaping Reservoir, which is close to Maojiaping Reservoir. The elevation of existing landform is between 144m to 25 m (the Yellow Sea Elevation, the same below). The elevation of the planned site is 125- 40m with low and plain landform. (2) Alternative No.2: Laoyingyan south of Maojiaping Reservoir (referred as Laoyingyan Location) In this alternative, the plant will be located 400 meter to the south of Maojiaping Reservoir. The elevation of existing landform is 118-70m with large irregularity. This location is close to Maojiaping Location and has similar conditions with it. (3) Alternative No.3: On the two hills southeast to Jianao Village (Jianao Location) The two closely located hills are Ikm away from Maojiaping Location. The elevation of one, of them is about 40-lOOm. Another is about 40 -7m. According to site investigation, they both have 500kv high-voltage power transmission tower on them. The towers are both located in the planned area for the water plant. (4) Alternative No.4: Dofugang southwest to Jinjiang Town (Dofugang Location) In this alternative, the water plant will be located at the southwest of Jinjiang Town closely. The elevation of existing landform is about 44-102m with large irregularity. This location is 6km away from Maojiaping Location. The water source, water plant and target area are located at the three points of a triangle. The distribution route of raw water and treated water are both increased largely. And this location will make it impossible to build the rav% water distribution tunnel. The project cost is increased because the raw water has to be distributed by pipeline instead of tunnel. The relative locations of above four alternatives are shown in figure 5-1 below 204 K$~~ FtiL Figure 5-1 The map with the locations of the four alternativ-es 5.4.2 Comparison and selection of alternatives The major features of the 4 location alternatives are summarized in table 5-5. 205 Table 5-5 Analysis and comparison of the plant location alternatives Iternative Laoyingyan Ite Maojiaping Location L .aon Jianao Location Dofugang Location Surface Surface 14040 118-70 100-40 102-44 elevation (m) Transmission Existing Transmission tower exist; tower located in building & No influence on the plant No the planned No structure plant area Farmland or Farlan o Few Few Few Many economiic crops Traffic + Convenient Convenient Convenient conditions Power supply Go PowerGood supply Good Good Good conditions Raw water dRab n A 9 Approx. 10.00 Approx. 10.8 Approx. 15.1 km distribution Approx. 9.58 km tunnel km tunnel km tunnel pipe route Treated water distribution Approx. 19km Approx. 20km Approx. Approx. 24km ~~~~~~~~~~~20.5km route route Straight and Straight and Features related Straight and smooth route smooth route smooth route Reversed route with to supled easy for branching to easy for easy for long distance to supplied area towns branching to branching to branches for towns towns towns Earthwork Small Large Small Small Far away from residential area and industrial area. Environmental No need for removing; No Small Smal Small impacts occupying of farmland and small environmental impact. As we can see from above table, the Dofugang Location has reversed route and larger investment, which is unreasonable when viewing from the system in comparison with other alternatives. The earthwork volume of Laoyingyan Location is larger than Maojiaping Location with longer route on raw water and treated water distribution. It is not as reasonable as Maojiaping Location on economic aspect. The Jianao Location has less earthwork volume. But it has longer water distribution route. The high-voltage transmission tower located in the planned area is impossible to be moved, which brings unfavorable influence on the construction, operation and power supply safety of the water plant. Maojiaping Location has convenient traffic conditions, suitable location for lateral tunnels for the construction of raw water tunnel and shorler route. There is no need for removing in the planned area. It will not occupy farmland. It also has less earthwork volume and smaller 206 environmental impacts. It locates far away from centralized residential area and industrial area and meets the requirement for the development of the urban area. Therefore, we recommend Maojiaping Location to be adopted. 5.5 Alternative scheme of clean water pipeline direction 5.5.1 Brief description of scheme location of water treatment 4 Three alternatives treated water route are planned according to the determined plant and targeted water distribution loop network: (1) Alternative No.1 The pipeline (double pipes) for treated water goes out from Maojiaping Water Plant to the east along the access road of the plant until Jinheng Road. Then it goes to north along Jinheng Road until Hengjie Town. After going out of Hengjie Town, one of the double pipe goes to east along Jinxian Road to the Airport Road and connect with the water distribution loop network of the city. Another pipe goes to east along the planned Liangfeng Road until the Liangfeng Road Intersection on the Airport Road and connect with connect with the urban water distribution loop network. The route of Alternative No. I is shown in the attached figure 3. (2) Alternative No.2 In this alternative, one distribution pipe will goes along the extension section of Liangfeng Road (the same with Alternative No.1). Another pipe from water treatment plant will be goes along the existing road between Jinheng Road to Guling Road after it reaches the Jinheng Road. It goes along the existing road to the west of Guling Town and turns to north until Jinxian Road. It then goes along the Jinxian Road to Airport Road and connected with the urban water distribution loop network. The route of Alternative No.2 is shown in attached figure 12. (3) Alternative No.3 In this alternatives, one distribution pipe will goes along the extension section of Liangfeng Road (the same with Alternative No.1 and Alternative No.2). The first part of another pipe is the same with Alternative No.2. The second part of it will goes to east after Guling Town in the existing farmland. It goes by the south of the existing Lishe Airport. Then it goes to the intersection of Jinzhou Road and Airport Road and connects with urban water distributi6n loop network. The general route of Alternative No.3 is shown in attached figure 13. 5.5.2 Comparison and selection of alternatives The comparison on the advantages and disadvantages of the 3 treated water pipeline are listed in table 5-6 207 Table 5-6 Route alternatives for treated water pipeline Xtrnative \ Alternative No.1 Alternative No.2 Iternative No.3 temr\ (1) Double pipes will be used aftef Partial modificatio Smooth supply route with shorter Hengjie Town, which reduces the on the original rout distance. earthwork and construction cost; along Jinxian Roa (2) The section from Maojiapin hat shorten the route. Water Plant to Hengjie Town will be laid in the farmland along th both sides of the Jinheng Road an the farmland between the west sid of linheng Road to mountains. This area is not the planned land for th construction of town. Therefore, i Advantages has no violence with planning; (3) The pipeline basically g through the central part of th westem Jinzhou region tha facilitates the branching; (4) The pipe route goes along the najor supply direction with easonable system; (5)The extension section o Liangfeng Road is unde construction, which facilitates th laying of the pipe. The pipeline along Jinxian Roa Two pipes can not be he pipeline has to go thoroug will slightly inclines to the laid in the same ditch. uling Town, which bring man southeast, which makes th which cause the ifficulties and large influence on the ipeline have some turns during i ncrease of earthwork. iving of the residents. The access with slightly increase on the length road has to be built for the laying of the pipeline. works performed in the. farmland afte.r uling Town. The most serious problem is the route will go through |Disadvantage the planned area for the enlarging of ishe Airport, which will bring large influence on the enlarging and flighq safety of Lishe Airporf. If the pipelinei doesn't go into the planned area ford lLishe Airport, it has to moved to the south and turns back to north after the airpot, which cause more seriousj I______l______jreversed route than A lternative N o. 1. 208 As summarized in the table, each of the alternatives has its' particular advantages. We will not recommnend Alternative No.3 due to its' larger difficulties as it has impacts on Lishe Airport. There is no much difference between Alternative No.1 and Alternative No.2 with the similar route. But the route of Alternative No.2 will go through towns and planned industrial park areas and has larger contradictions with their planning. Therefore, we recommends Alternative No.l to be adopted. 5.6 zero Solution The environmental impacts are following if this project solution is canceled: Increase water shortage in Ningbo city The water supply volume for central city is already 861,000 m3/d in 2003. The designed total supply capacity is 820,000 m3/d for water plants that cannot meet the demand. The water plants have to work overload, which reduce the safety of water supply and water quality they provide. The management for water delivery is also increased. The water demand in the scope supplied by existing water plants will increase in the future with the development of urban area of central city and raising of residential living standards. Under the present situations, the water supply capacity of the existing water plants is far from the meeting of increasing water demands. It is very hard to resolve the water shortage in central city if this project is canceled. Little possibility to improve supply water Qualitv The Meiling Water Plant (designed output of 100,000 m3/d) under Ningbo Water Utility Company use water source from Yao River. It is decided to supply water for industrial application because the water quality of Yao River is III-IV that are not qualified for living and drinking water resource. Part the raw water (250;00 m3 /d) of Jiangdong Water Plant is supplied from the Nantang River water resource from Jinxin Waterway Network with water quality of Class III. In dry seasons, the water quality provided by the water plant will be influenced due the degradation of raw water quality with the increased concentration of pollutant in the waterways. In the five water plants under Ningbo Water Utility Company, Beilun Water Plant has advanced purification process and design criteria. But other four water plants are all built between 1960- 1970 and designed according to the national design codes for water supply project and water quality criteria for drinking water applied at that time. Their water quality is difficult to meet the water quality criteria of existing national "Hygiene Code for Living and Drinking Water". Such as the representative index' for turbidity has been gradually increased from 5 NTU to 3NTU, then to I NTU. The water plant may only increase the dosage of coagulant and chlorine to meet existing quality criteria. This method increase the concentration of aluminum and chlorine in the water that influence safe drinking. Therefore, the actual water output have to reduce to increase water quality. The existinu coagulating- precipitating - filtering - disinfecting process and facilities encounter many difficulties to meet the requirement on water quality and water planted stipulated in the "Hygiene Code for Drinking Water and Living Water" issued by Ministry of Public Health in 2001 and in the "-Standard 209 Guidelines for Modern Water Plant of Zhejiang Province (Draft) ". This water plant should be modified gradually to increase high-level purification procedures. The.cancel of this project or resolve the water supply problems in Ningbo may resolve the shortage of water supply. However, the overall improvement of water quality is still a big problem that is very hard to be resolved. Difficulties in the shutdown of out-of-date water supply facilities The present water plants in Jinzhou District and most of the water plants in towns under it should be gradually shut down. The bad water resource, small output, low-grade equipment and facilities make the quality of the water them provided couldn't meet the existing national criteria on living and drinking water. ( I ) The quality of surface water resource cannot meet the national criteria These water plants use reservoir or underground water resource have relatively better water quality. Generally, the quality of waterway network resource are low-graded. The waterway networks used include Jinxin, Jindong, Zhenhai and Beilun waterway networks. The water quality of these waterways at observation stations all fails to meet the criteria for Class II as the centralized water sources for living and drinking. The five Class III water body account for 38% and eight Class IV - Class V water body accounts for 62%, which are unqualified for the national criteria for drinking water and have serious influence on the water quality of these water plants. (2) Small output and low-graded equipment and facilities for township water plant With history and economical development differences on towns, these water plants are built diversely with one or multiple water plants in a town. Known from the statistics data, the total output of 41 township water plant is 488,000 m3/d and only 11,900 m3/d in average. The smallest output is only 1500 m3/d and largest output of 40,000 m3Jd. With the small scale and aimed at provide tap water, these water plants didn't pay enough attention on water quality. The purification equipment or facilities mostly are out-of-date and simple that cannot guarantee the water quality and safety. (3) Lacking of professional management and technical staff with unqualified inspection method The township water plants are under the administration of township government. The. professional management and technical staff are impossible for these small plants. The.low management level of them also influence the water supply safety and improvement of water quality. Most plants don't have the instrumentation and technician for complete standard water quality inspection tests. Generally, only the tunrbidity and residential chlorine will be inspected. It is not enough for overall understand of water quality. (4) Serious leakage in pipe network The leakage ratio in the distribution network in towns cannot be calculated with problems on the management and metering. There is no plan and design for these network that are mainly use concrete pipe. The lacking of professional design and construction leads to serious leakage with unqualified pipelines. The situation is changed in recent years. The nodular cast iron pipes have been used in the network with more attention paid on this issue. 210 The township water plants have many problems. They should be replaced by regional large-scale water plant and distribution system with the economical development, speeding up of urbanization and raising of living standard of residents. Influences on citizen's health in Ningbo region With the cancel of this project, the tense water supply situation will be intensified, the low grade water source have to be used that will finally influence citizen's health. Obviously, construction of this project can meet the demand of water quality growth, improve supply water quality, raise the living standard of residents in urban and rural areas in Ningbo City, ensure the health of residents, improve the safety of urban water supply system and effectively exert the function and investment results of other construction projects. It is fully essential. 211 6.0 Economic break-even analysis on environmental impacts 6.1 Economic break-even analysis of the project The major purpose of the project of the Ningbo's water diversion from Zhougongzhai (Jiaokao) Reservoir and urban water distribution loop network is to provide urban infrastructures to service the society. It is an absolute necessary production conditions for the production sector and a necessary condition for resident's living. Besides the partial economic benefits (water charge of the water treatment plant) can be evaluated with certain amount of money, the benefits of the project are mainly the social benefits that are difficult to be calculated with money. According to its' feasibility report, the major economical indexes of the project are listed in table 6-1. Table 6-1 Major technical and economic indexes No. Index Unit Quantity Note Including: Construction works: 967,305,700 RMB; . . 10,000 Installation works: 65,949,100 RMB; I roject total investment 141073.65 urchasing of equipment and tools & pparatus: 101,521,400 RMB; Other costs: 27,5960,200 RMB. Financial income 10,000 II . RMB 28308.20 Financial charges . 10,000 427785.84 The interest period is 23 years with RMB construction period of 3 years. Financial benefits 10,000 100522.36 RMB m Economic evaluation indexes All investmen % 6 .49 Financial internal rate o0 return (FIRR) Domestic 9.48 2 investment %- 3 All investmen Year 13.55 _- Pay off period (start from 2005) Domestic 11.42 (start from 2005) investment Year 1 5 Asset-liability ratio % 35.84 6 Ratio of return of investment % 16.01 7 Ratio of profit and tax of investment % 17.22 21? As we can from above table, the Financial Internal Ratio of Return of the project is higher than the reference ratio of return of this sector; the pay off period is less than the reference pay off period of this sector. In addition, the sensitivity analysis demonstrate that the project have certain risk-prevention possibility. The break-even point will be reached only with 54.05% of the designed annual capacity, i.e. annual capacity of 270,300 m3/d. Therefore, the project is feasible with certain economic benefits when viewed from the aspects of financial analysig and national economic assessment. 6.2 Estimated investment on environmental protection and environmental benefits 6.2.1 Estimation and proportion analysis on the initial investment on the environmental protection measures The investment on the environmental protection of the project is mainly used on the environmental protection measures taken during the construction period (such sewage treatment of workers, noise prevention, handling of disposal earth) and for the water treatment plant during operation period (sewage treatment and sludge treatment), landscaping, environmental assessment, monitoring cost etc. The investments on them are estimated as Table 6-2 below. Table 6-2 Environmental protection investment and environmental benefits Investment No. Item Scope or estimation method (in 10,000 Environmental benefits RMB) Environmental monitoring Collecting information of existing . Environmental reparation of Environmenta environrnent, prediction on 1 assessment an ..pact Assessment Report 30 environmental impact, targeted design Environmental engineerin pollution control, optimization of . esign environmental After pipe laying is complete Plantationland the ecological condition i Reducing air and noise pollution with Plantation an 2 landscape 2 andscapeoriginal green belt an ~~~~1 plantation;~ ~~~1291 r.tection gricultural planting wil plantation on side slope to prevent l protection restored; greening rate of wate soil erosion purification plant will be 30%. Dust nuisance prevention and control (sprinkler car) | Noise prevention and control (of l (low noise equipment) C-ost of iEnvironmental Spoil disposal and water and soslo water and Reduce air pollution; prevent soil rotection soil conservation (four soil erosion; recovery of ecological I~~measures dunng excavation waste dumps are conservatio system; reduce water pollution lconstruction lIprovided with grouted rubble I retaining wall and landscaping nIS 1.500,000 i, protection etc). Yuan) Wastewater treatment (sedimentation tank, oil 213 separation tank, temporar living facilities etc) Noise reduction (vibration isolating pad, silencer) Wastewater treatment (I set of powered wastewater treatment facilities) Ensure satisfied results in scope o Sludge and domestic refuse the plant. Environmental treatment (sludge transport Discharge waster water mee protection truck) 100 standards; measures dunng Liquid chlorine risk prevention Innocent treatment of solid rubbish; operation (chlorine gas test and alarm Prevention of chlorine leakage; system, neutralizing treatment, Ensure water quality of the wate gas mask etc) esource Reservoir area water qualit protection (wastewate treatment facilities in management area) The envirornmental training on relevant staff of construction Improve the competency and 5 Training company, managemen 11 emergency treatment ability of the institution and emergency environment management staff rescue team. Monitoring on environmental 6 Environment Environment monitoring 60 management and implementation of monitoring charges the environmental protection measures Final acceptance of environmental Final acceptanc Working cost for fina 7 of environmental cceptance of environmenta 35 , protection rotection of various environmental protection protection protection . . . ~~~~~~~~~~~measures 8 EmrgnEmergency Reserved fund for monitorin 5 Monitoringoioigo of emergencymrec measures of emergency Total 1832 As seen from the table, the environment investment of the project is about 18.32 million RMB and account for 1.3% of the total investment of the project (1,410,736,500 RMB). 6.2.2 Estimation on operation cost of environment protection facilities The estimation results of the operation costs for environment protection facilities and environment-monitoring cost are listed in table 7-3. After the finishing of the project, the cost for the maintaining of the operation of the environment protection facilities is 800,000 RMB; the training cost for the environment protection facilities is 70,000 RMB; the annual environmental monitoring fee is 40.000 RMB: the environment harnessing cost (the harnessing plan will be prepared according to the monitoring results of 214 operation period) is 200,000 RMB. The total is 1.41 million RMB, which accounts for 0.1% of the total investment of the project. Table 6-3 Operation cost of environmental protection facilities No Item Cost (in 10,000 RMB) Annual maintenance fee for environment protection 80 I facilities 2 Training cost for management staff of environment 7 l______protection facilities 3 Annual environment monitoring fee 4 4 Environment harnessing cost (determined by the 50 harnessing plan according to monitoring results) 5 Total 141 6.2.3 Effectiveness analysis of environmental investment (1 ) Construction period During the construction, certain controlling measures will be taken on the treatment of pollutants, such as domestic sewage of construction works, other construction sewage, domestic disposals, construction noise and dust etc, to efficiently reduce the discharge volume of pollutants and unfavorable affection on the environment. The damages on the ecological system and soil erosion will be prevented and reduced with promp5t transport and effective treatment of disposed earth to recover the vegetation damaged during construction. For example, as for the controlling of domestic sewage, the labor used in the construction is about 400,000 workday, which produce COD about 12 tons. The reduction ratio of COD of the pollution prevention measures can be calculated with 50%, which has good environmental benefits with reduction of 6 ton COD. (2) Operation period. During the operation, effective sound insulation and noise reducing measures will be taken to ensure the noise level in the scope of the water treatment plant meet the relevant standard. The normal operation of the related facilities with the treatment of sewage and sludge will be ensured by frequent or regular maintenance and inspection to guarantee the discharge of wastewater meet the applied standard. At the same time, more efforts will be made on the pollution prevention to implement all protection measures for the portable water source to ensure the water quality in Zhougongzhai Reservoir and Jiaokou Reservoir to ensure the healthy of residents. 6.3 Social benefits In recent years. the population of Ningbo City and Jinxin terrain is kept on increasing The water supply demand will be largely increased with the speedup of the economical development of Ningbo City and increase of population The project will diverse the water from Jiaokou Reservoir to Maojiaping Water Plant by the distribution tunnels and laid steel pipe. It will not only efficiently improve the portable water quality to resolve the %sater supply difficulties in Ningbo City, and also plays an important role in the sustainable development of 215 the economy in urban areas. The beneficial area of the project including 6 districts: Jinzhou District, Haishu District, Jiangdong District, Jiangbei District, Zhenhai District and Beilun District with beneficial population over 200,000. (I ) The water supply capacity will be increased after this project. It will play important role on the improve of the regional water quality and relieving of the water supply difficulties and stimulating the development on industrial production. (2) The water supply condition is one of the preconditions for a good investment environment. With this project, the attraction of investors from overseas and domestic will be improved. (3) It will meet the demand of enlarged urban water supply area. Nowadays, the water supply of the most of the town area of Jinzhou District are still supplied by the small water plants of these town. These water plants have many problems. According to the Ningbo General Planning and requirements of municipal government, the small water plants will be put out of service gradually. The town area will be included in the water supply scope of urban area. After the finishing of this project and Dongqianhu Water Plant, part of their output will be supplied to the west and southwest town areas of Jinzhou District to solve their water supply demands. This project will improve and meet the water supply demand of the these towns of Jinzhou District. (4) This project allows the existing large and medium water plants decrease their output to improve the water quality and meet requirements of the new issued national "Hygiene Standard of living and portable water". (5) It will improve the water quality and ensure the healthy of residents with quality reservoir resource. (6) The combined regulation ability of the existing water distribution network is insufficient. A large area will be affected and safety of water supply network will be decreased if one of the water plants is put out of service due to fault. At the meantime, the pressure of the water distribution network decrease annually with the increase of the water demand of central urban area. With this project, the distribution capacity with multiple water resources in urban area will be improved. It will improve the safety of the water supply and distribution and increase the water supply pressure of the network. (7) Improving comprehensive investment benefit with coordination with water resource project The construction of Zhougongzhai Reservoir Project had began after the approval of Ningbo municipal government, which will be used as.the water supply source for Ningbo urban area and will be finished in 2007. This project will utilize the Zhougongzhai- Jiaokou Reservoir as water source and fully utilize the comprehensive investment benefits of Zhougongzhai Reservoir. The water quality and demand of Ningbo City will also be met with the utilization of quality water resource. In conclusion, the project will meet the requirements for the economical and social deyelopment of Ningbo City and the increasing demand on water supply. It will improve the water supply quality and the living level of the urban and rural area of Ningbo City; improve healthy of residential; enhance safety level of the urban water supply system; effectively utilizes the function and economic benefits of other project, It will helps the sustainable development in econom), society and environmental with its' good economical benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits. 21t 7.0 Economic management plant Project environmental protection management and monitoring means that the Builder, the Designer and the Construction Company must abide by related national, provincial and municipal environmental protection laws, regulations, policies and standards in project feasibility study, project design, project construction and operation, take various mitigation measures planned to adopt in the environmental impact assessment report, and ensure the normal operation of project environmental protection facilities and implementation of related environmental protection regulations. Environmental management plan is to formulate environmental protection agency construction and protection responsibility, implementation progress, monitoring items and report procedures according to the features of construction project so as to determine capital investment and resources. Receive supervision and instruction from local administrative department in charge of environmental protection during project construction period and operation period and cooperate with the administrative department in charge of environmental protection to complete the "three simultaneity" examination of construction project. 7.1 Project environmental management agency and responsibility The environmental management of Ningbo City Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou Reservoir Water Diversion . Project shall be incorporated in the management agency of Ningbo water environment construction project by utilizing World Bank loan. The environmental protection work of this project can be divided into management agency and implementation supervision agency. See figure 7-1 for its organizational framework. 7.1.1 Management agency Environmental Management Agency is composed of Zhejiang Provincial Construction Department, Ningbo City World Bank Water Environment Project Office and Ningbo City Water Supply Company. The specific responsibilities are: Ningbo Municipal City Management Bureau is fully responsible for managing project environmental protection work, organizing project construction feasibility study, formulating project environmental protection work plan, coordinating environmental management work between various competent authorities and the Builder and instructing the Builder to implement all management measures; environmental protection department of Ningbo City World Bank Water Environmental Project Office is responsible for environmental protection plan and design stage environmental management: preparatory department of the Project Office is responsible implementation and management,.of construction period environmental actions; and Ningbo Water Supply Company is responsible for implementation and management of operation period environmental measures. See figure 7-1 for its organizational framework. 217 Highest Environmenta State Environmental World Bank 1 Protect ion llI Stupervision | ~Zejiang NingboN government Routine ZIFK Environmental Ningbo Ningbo Water Supply Ningbo Municipal City Management Supervision I I i Yinzhou District | __| Ningbo Water Supply Co. Environmental (Two environmental protection Environmental Design and construction period period Figure 7-1 Sketch of Ningbo City Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou Reservoir Water. Diversion Project Environmental Protection Organizational Framework 7.1.2 Supervision agency Envtironmental Super-vision Agency is composed-of State Environmental Protection Administration, World Bank , Zhejiang Environmental Protect ion Bureau, Ningbo Environmental Protection Bureau and Yinzhou District Environment,al Protection Bureau. Supervision Agency carries out work by stages: I ) Feasibility study stage: is the responsibility of State Environmental Protection Adnministration, Zhejiang Environmental Protection Bureau, World Bank and Ningbo Environmental Protection Bureau. State Environmental Protection Adtiinistration is the highest competent administrative department that exercises unified supervision and management for national routine environmental protection work, is fully responsible for project environmental management work, examtines environmental impact outline, approves environmental impact report, instructs 7Zhejiang Environmental Protection Bureau and Ningbo Environmental Protection Bureau respectively to execute various laws and regulations and Is responsible for completion acceptance of environmental protection facilities. Zhejiang Environmental Protection Bureau and Ningbo Environmental Protection Bureau are responsible for supervision and managiement of project environmental protection work; organizing and coordinatina related 218 agencies to provide service .for project environmental protection work; supervising the implementation of project environmental action plan; completion acceptance of project environmental protection facilities; confirming the environmental management laws and regulations and standards to be implemented for the project; and instructing Yinzhou District Environmental Protection Bureau to conduct environmental supervision and management for project construction period and operation period. (2) Design stage: is the responsibility of the environmental protection department of Ningbo City World Bank Water Environment Project Office. ( 3) Construction stage: is the responsibility of the environmental protection department of Ningbo City World Bank Water Environment Project Office (2 persons), Ningbo Environmental Protection Bureau and Yinzhou District Environmental Protection Bureau. Ningbo Environmental Protection Bureau and Yinzhou District Environmental Protection Bureau work under the instruction off Zhejiang Environmental Protection Bureau, supervise the Builder to implement environmental action plan and related environmental management laws and regulations and standards; coordinate all departments to well carry out environmental protection work, and is responsible for construction, completion acceptance, operation inspection, supervision and management of project environmental protection facilities. ( 4) Operation stage: is the responsibility of Zhejiang Environmental Protection Bureau, Ningbo Environmental Protection Bureau and Yinzhou District Environmental Protection Bureau and Ningbo Water Supply Company. Ningbo Water Supply Company is responsible for implementing environmental protection laws and regulations and standards, formulating environmental protection rules and regulations and supervising its implementation, knowing project environmental condition, establishing easy-to-examine environmental quality control objective, proposing treatment measures, reporting them to higher level environmental protection department and relevant leading departments, organizing environmental protection personnel to participate in examination of work by certificate and personnel training, and conducting environmental technology exchange and scientific research. (5) Environmental monitoring in construction period and operation period is carried out by Ningbo Environmental Monitoring Center. During construction period of this project, Ningbo City World Bank Water Environment Project Office plans to provide two environmental supervision engineers to be responsible for the environmental supervision in the project area and for supervising the environmental protection measures planned in EAP and tendering document. When this project is completed. Ningbo Water Supply Company will assign full-time personnel to be in charge of the project environmental protection work. Fire fighters and rescue workers are coordinated and managed bs Yinzhou District in the unified way. 7.2 Training of environmental protection personnel The project will conduct training for related environmental protection personnel, which is divided into domestic traininz and overseas training. The major environmental protection personnel of Ningbo City World Bank Water Environment Project Office shall undergo overseas training to know and introduce the ne\w method and new technology in the water diversion projects of advanced countries and be responsible for environmental protection work of the whole project. Domestic training personnel such as environmental management 219 personnel and emergency handling personnel shall undergo on-the-job training to improve the level of management technology. Seven persons are trained: I for overseas training, 3 environmental management persons for domestic training, 2 environmental supervision engineers and I emergency handling person. An expenditure of 200,000 Yuan is needed. See table 7-1. Table 7-1 Environmental protection personnel training plan Cost Number of Total number Stage Class Time (10,000 persons of persons Yuan) Ningbo City World Bank Water Environment Project Project Office management I person 2004 8.0 Environmental 1 person protection personnel Enviroinental Ningbo Water Construction Supply management 2 persons 2004 1.0 period personnel Company 2 persons Environmental supervision engineer 2 pergons 2 persons 2004 - 1.0 Emergency handling personnel I person I person 2004 1.0 Sub-total 11 Ningbo Water Environmental Supply 2006- 2020 | Operation management Company I person lperson/2 7.0 Operation personnel I person years Sub-total 7.0 Total 7 persons 18 220 7.3 Environmental protection supervision plan See table 7-2 for project environmental protection supervision plan. Table 7-2 Environmental protection supervision plan Stage Agency Supervision items Supervision objective State 1. Environmental assessment Environmental contents is comprehensive, Protection Administration specific subject is properly set (U and prominence is given to the key points; z Zhejiang 1. Audit environmental assessment Environmental outlin;.2. Ensure all the significant and _2 Environmnental outline; >1 .potential problems possibly _ Protection Bureau 2. Audit environmental impact report; ._ 3. AuditAudlt EAP. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~causedrfetd by this project are World Bank 3. Ensure that environmental Ningbo impact mitigation measures has Enviro.nental specific and practicable Protection Bureau implementation plan. 1. Strictly implement the "three 1. Audit environmental protection simultaneity" system; State prtcin 2. Ensure environmental Enviro.nental prelim.inary design and EAP; Envlron2mIspctwhthrenvrometa protection investment; Protection 2. Inspect whether environental 3. Ensure these areas meet Administration protection investment is available; environmental protection 3. Inspect whether excavation waste .q.m. zhejiang Provincial dump is suitable; r Zhejiang Provincial 4. 'Inspect dust and noise pollution 4. Reduce construction impact | Construction 4 on surrounding environment and Ci control measure and determine Department . t implement related o ~~~~~~~construction time; -_, .. . . . environmental protection laws 2 . . 5. Inspect emission of air pollutants; _ Ningbo City World and regulations and standards 6. Inspect the discharge and disposal of Bank Project 5. Ensure that Jiaokou Reservoir n . ~~~~sewage and waste machine oil in Office s a and river course in the lower . c ~~~~~~~~~~constructionsite;.- construction site; reaches are not seriously v Ningbo 7. Restoration and treatment of borrow Ningbopoltd l .~nirnena pit and spoil ground; poltd Environmental pit and spoil ground; 6. Ensure. landscape and soil 8. Inspect the "three simultaneitv' of Protection Bureau resources are not seriously environmental protection facilities and d determine finial completion time limit; soil e nd Yinzhou District.ofsierin Yinzho District 9. Inspect whether environmental Environmental 7. Ensure the "three Protection Bureau protection facilities reach standard ! Protectron Bureau . simultaneity' system I ~~~~~~~~requirement . 8. Accept environmental protection facilities. 21 Ningbo Cultural 10. Inspect whether there is 10. Protect cultural relic Relic Protection Office underground cultural relic. resource from damage. 1. Inspect EPA implementation in operation period; 2. Inspect implementation of monitoring 1 plan;~~~~ 1. Lmplement EPA;l plan; ~~~~~~~2.Implement monitoring plan; I 3. Inspect the sensitive points necessary proec,praticably to take further environmental protection . Cit y (D istrict) e lomn measures (possible occurrence of environment; Environmental 4. Strengthen environmental X ~~~~~~unexpected environmental problems); X Protection Bureau, management and practicably t , ~~~~~~~4.Inspect whether environmental c City World Bank protectpeople's health; o* quality in environmentally sensitive p CZ Project Office, City . 5. Ensure that wastewater c) ~~~~~~pointsmeet their corresponding quality m- (District) Public discharge meet discharge O ~~~~~~~standardrequirement; Security and Fire s r standard; 5. Strengthen supervision, prevent Departments 5 6. Eliminate accident potential sudden accidents and fire accident and avoid occurrence of VICIOUS potential and predetermine emergency environmental pollution handling scheme so as to promptly incident. elirninate danger and leakage of extremely toxic substances once accidents occur. 7.4 Environmental monitoring plan 7.4.1 Monitoring objective Environmental monitoring includes two phases: construction period and operation period. Its objective is to comprehensively and promptly grasp the pollution trend of the planned project, know the degree of change and sphere of influence of the project construction for the environmental quality in the project region and the environmental quality trend in operation period and promptly feed back information to competent authorities so as to provide scientific basis for the environmental management of this project. 7.4.2 Monitoring organization It is recommended that environmental monitoring during construction period and operation period be undertaken by the environmental monitoring department in Zhejiang Province. Ningbo Environmental Monitoring Center Station has passed national environmental quality monitonng certification and it has complete equipment and abundant technical force, and can complete the assumed environmental monitoring task satisfyingly. 7.4.3 Monitoring To folloxv up and monitor the pollution during the project construction period and operation period, monitoring items shall choose noise, air environmental quality and water environment that have great impact on the environment. Monitoring factor is equivalent sound level A, TSP, CODCr and SS etc. Monitoring and analysis method will adopt that of corresponding items of "Technical code for environmental monitoring" 22, issued by State Environmental Protection Administration. Assessment standard executes the national standard confirmed for this environmental impact assessment. Environmental monitoring plan is formulated as table 7-3. 7.4.4 Monitoring equipment, monitoring cost and monitoring report system 7.4.4.1 Monitoring equipment and cost Monitoring of this project can be incorporated in environmental management work and Ningbo Environmental Monitoring Center Station can be entrusted to carry out the work. Monitoring equipment necessary for execution of the project monitoring plan is owned by the monitoring organization and the project owner shall pay appropriate equipment depreciation charge, which is not separately set and is included in the monitoring cost. Monitoring cost during construction period is 35,00OYuan/yearx4year= 140,00OYuan, monitoring cost during operation period is 40,00OYuanl/yearx2Oyears=800,00OYuan and reserved monitoring cost for unexpected accidents is 50,00OYuan. 7.4.4.2 Monitoring report Monitoring report during construction period is compiled by Ningbo Water Supply Company based on the environmental monitoring result of the project construction and its contents shall include project progress, major construction items and methods, monitoring result, environmental impact description and mitigation measure of environmental impact. In addition, in combination with the monitoring report of other World Bank loan sub-projects, the "Annual report of Ningbo water environment construction project construction environmental monitoring by utilizing World Bank load" shall be compiled and submitted to Ningbo World Bank Water Environment Project Office, which will submit the report to Ningbo Environmental Protection Bureau and World Bank. Ningbo Environmental Monitoring Center Station will compile annual environmental monitoring report during operation perjod and submit it to Ningbo Environmental Protection Bureau. The main contents of the monitoring report.shall include: ( I )Monitoring time, frequency, point position, monitoring item and method and quality control scheme; ( 2) Monitoring data and statistic analysis result; ( 3 ) Brief descnption of operation of water purification plant during monitoring period; (4) Description of abnormal dischatge. 223 Table 7-3 Environmental monitoring plan Monitoring _ __Monitoring Monitoring Responsible Monitoring Phase Monitoring location Monitoring item Monitoring time . . elenient frequency organization organization organizationi Reidntal araConstruction period, Nnb Ningbo Water Ningbo constrmction htie3months/TSP Once in the morning Environmental p Environmental c r near Protection Center Spl area, side of2dy/tm TSP 2days/ltime ~~~~~~andevening SainCompany Protection Bureau < s U o constriictioli road Stationn c Construetion site Twice a day during _wv.phere there is Continuous ound construction, once in E Ningbo Water Ningbo equivalent sound ltime daytime and at night Protection Center Supply Environilental sensitive-isensitive ragIday/point ItinmePrtcinC te U °2 within the range of level A respectively in case of Station Company Protection Bureau _x2 50m night construction S n 2006 (Phase 1), 2008 Z ; Surrouinding area of (Phase 11) Daytime: Ningbo the boundary of Contiuous 4times/year, 10:00 11:00 Environmental eNviro water purification equivalent sound Iday/2times Night: Protection Center Supply Environmental U plant level A Itime in daytime and 22:00- 23:00 Station Company Protection Bureau O . at night respectively DOJ.ReriSS, petroleum, tOnce a year (dry Ningbo flow period), 5days a onsrution Environmental Ningbo Water Ningbo JiaokoLu Reservoir animonia time (ihre-daoProectintCeterSupply Environmental nitrogen,CODCr . NnbStation NingboCompany Water NingboProtection Bureau JioourseviC-) DO, SS, petroleum,Iieqatr(-dy_ _ _ e_da_ _ a)_Satio______. _ _ _ _ . ______efecti Jokureservoir PO, SS, petroleum Itime/quarter (3-day NingboNigoWtr inb O Waterpurifcto Wammonianitrogerquant effectiveidatatforyDuringoperai Environmental Ningbo Water Ningbo Zhangxi River- anoi irgn efcie dt o uigoeainpro Protection Center Supply Environmental CODCr I time) SainCompany Protection Bureau 0. ~~ ~ ~ O~SNigoNingbo Water Ningbo Roluiveo eciignc I time/quarter During operation period EnvionmetalEnvironmental ~~ pollution. ammionia nitrogen Protection Center Spl ______TP Station ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~CompanyProtection Bureau W0te pLurification Wastewater quantity Ningbo Ningbo Water Ningbo plant , CODcr Itime/quarter During operation period Protection Center Sply Environmental Wastewater SS CompanytProtection Burea ______discharge port Station ComanyPrtecio _Buea 224 7.4.5 Construction site patrol To effectively control the environmental impact caused by construction activities, the environmental monitoring group must take effective measures to identify the possible problems before they occur rather than only rely on the monitoring data that reflects present situation. After confirming the potential problems, the environmental monitoring group shall report the builder and recommend it to take proper mitigation measures: The following work shall be carried out: ( I ) Examine the construction procedure of construction organization According to experience, it is difficult for construction organization to predict specific construction activities several months before construction and construction plan often deviates from project progress. Therefore it is important to obtain and inspect the construction organization's working plan for the next month each month in construction activities. This enables the environmental monitoring group to know the situation of work area, used equipment and equipment use plan and location, pay attention to the possible problems and remind the construction organization of potential problems and possible solutions. For example, re-formulate equipment use plan to reduce potential noise impact. The environmental monitoring group must modify the supervision and audit plan according to construction organization's construction plan for the next month to allow for some adjustments of monitoring time and point positions so as to meet the need of construction activities in the next month and report it to the competent department of environmental protection for approval. ( 2 ) Site patrol The environmental monitoring group shall periodically carry out unannounced site investigation to supervise and audit the construction organization in their implementation of environmental protection measures in environmental assessment and preliminary design and the "clauses of pollution control contract" to know whether environmental problems exist and to identify potential environmental problems. It shall record all observed results on site, and take photos if necessary. If there is any nonperformance or existing or potential environmnental problem and solution, it shall notify the builder and competent administrative department of environmental protection. (3) Special monitoring When carrying out site patrol, the environmental monitoring group, if necessary, shall be equipped with portable dust tester and portable noise inspector to carry out necessary special monitoring. This can help identify pollution source on site and this type of identification is helpful to finding the nght solution. All special monitoring data shall be recorded. 22s 8.0Public participation 8.1 Objective According to our country's environmental protection laws and regulations, management rules and World Bank environmental assessment policy (OP4.01), carry out public participation work during environmental impact assessment to make environmental impact assessment of the construction project be more democratized and public and enable the broad mass directly or indirectly related to this project to participate in the environmental impact assessment, propose their own attitude towards this construction project, and express their own opinions for the impact of this construction project on surrounding environment in the their own interest and public interest so as to realize perfection and justice of assessment work and ensure the implementation of sustainable development strategy. 8.2 Principle Public participation in investigation is carried out in the principle of combining pertinence and randomness to realize justice without having subjective problems such as investigator's inclination and individual passion. 8.3Form Public investigation will adopt the forms of questionnaire issuance, random consultation, interlocution and announcement through local people's government to seek opinions and suggestions from all social circles directly or indirectly related to the project area or this project, such as staff of government agencies (including the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference etc), township (village) cadres, enterprises workers, farmers and teachers, and extensively collect the records of this project in shoot on paper and construction and the record of negotiation and opinion exchange between various design institutes and builders and construction companies and local government as well as the record of public participation. 8.4 Work organization situation The environmental assessment organization solicits suggestions and opinions from personages of all circles in the project area to consider and compensate the benefit of the public and social groups that may be affected This project will carry out two runs of public participation. The specific procedure for the first run is to issue 45 social questionnaires focusing on town government, villagers' committee, rural residents in the location where reservoir and water works are situated as well as the public and individuals directly or indirectly related to this project along the water supply network line.: Issuing 55 social questionnaire for the second run of public participation, while we enquired suggestions from experts with Ningbo Environmental Protection Bureau, Yinzhou District Environmental Protection 226 Bureau, Ningbo Environmental Sanitation Department, Ningbo Water Conservancy Bureau, Ninbo Jiangdongbei District Wastewater Treatment Plant and Ninbo City Planning Preliminary Stage Office, holding the symposiums two times where the project is located, and conducted information disclosure. The specific procedure of information disclosure is: publish announcement in "Ningbo Daily" and project location to advise the public that they can look up "Environmental impact report" of this project and related information on Net and in related locations and feed back opinions and suggestions. See table 8-1,8-2 for summary of public investigation.organization 8.5 Summary of questionnaire issuance 8.5.lContents of public participation This investigation is planned to adopt the form of questionnaire issuance, random consultation, symposium etc. Questionnaire is designed to firstly choose the problems most related to public relations as investigation contents and then answer the questionnaire by simply ticking off the questions, not only saving time but also facilitating the counting. When issued, questionnaire is attached with brief introduction of the project, major environmental problems, planned pollution prevention and control measures, and impact on the environrment so that the respondents have a better understanding for the project. See table 8-3 for specific form. 8.5.2 Findings of investigation The key investigation area this time is in Zhangshui Town where the reservoir is located, Yinjiang Town where water works is situated and other regions along the water supply pipe network. The investigated subjects are public official, NPC and CPPCC representatives, administrative village cadres, enterprise workers, farmers, teachers and other people. This public participation totally issued 100 questionnaires (Including questionnaire complementarily issued in the second round) ,97 of which were returned, return rate being 97%. In the table of the returned 97 questionnaires, composition of the respondents is shown in table 8-4 and statistical result of investigation opinions is shown in table 8-5. 227 Table 8-1 Summary of questionnaire issuance and public symposium organization It _ lem _____ Organizer Participant Time Location Ningbo Environmental Government officials, NPC deputies, CPPCC and Draft public questionniai're Protection Science deputies, village cadres, peasants, workers, 2004.3-2004.5 Ningbo urban area DraftquesionnaireResearch-& pulic Design teachers, self employed laborers, others Yinzhou District Institute Ningbo Environmental peasants, Ningbo urban area and Protection Science Government officials, village cadres, District Revised public questionnaire Research & Design workers, teachers, self employed laborers, others 2004.6-2004.8 Yinzhou Institute Yinzhou.Construction 1. Representatives of peasants that use the river Reservoir to irrigate Zhangshui Town, Bureau course downstream of Jiaokou Ningbo Public meeting I NnbWaeSupy farmjand* 2004.8 Yinzhou District, Ningbo Water Supply fman;City Company 2. Representatives of fishery personnel that rely on incoming water from Jiaokou Reservoir to breed aquatics; Ningbo Water Supply 3. Part of personnel affected by land requisition and Meixi Village, Yinjiang Puiblic mieeting IICmayreoain 2004.10 Town, Yinzhou District, 4. Representatives of villagers and residents near Ningbo City ______sensitive points in construction period. Table 8-2 Summary of information disclosure organization ltem Organiier Time Publication location Location of document Ningbo Environmental Meixi Village, Yinjiang Town where Draft informatioe Protection Science 2004.6 Maojiaping Water Works is located; Room 301, Ningbo Environmental Protection Institute diSCIOSire Research & Design . Ningbo urban area (Ningbo Water Supply Science Research & Design Institute Company) Room Ningbo Environmental Reading room of Bao Yugang Library, Protection Science 301 of Ningbo Environmental Protection Revised inforimiation Research & Design 2004.9 o D Science Research & Design Institute and (discIosure Institute ,0. Ningbo Daily Website: www.nbepb.gov.cn/publication Ningbo Water Supply bulletin; www.nbwater.com/bulletinboard ______Company 228 Table 8-3 The public involvement of the project of water supply in NingBO Gender Occupation \Iale I Female Cadre Worker Farmer Teacher Self-living individuals Others Age Resident place Educ ated grade I l Technic Juni * I ~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~alSenior or 36 to 60 Over 60 proNecta the project Over junior college seconda high high Be school !35 ~~~~ryschool scho sho projectthe project ~~ ~ l I l_I_ school ol | The investigation content No. Questions Choice Have . Learn thoroughl Learn a little J Don't know Have you ever learned this proect The approach in which you learn this project: News, Government meeting, your friends, before? by._introduced the relative person in char-e of thee project, or others 2 What is the key factor that affects the Environment Shortage of water Public Getting a Others living condition in this region? pollution supply security job 3 What is the key environment issue in Air pollution Noise pollution Vater pollution Ecosystem Others this region? issue 4 Doyou think this project has an Yes, it has. Air pollution Noise Ecosystem Others 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~______pollution issue impact on your life? No, it hasn't. Is it reasonable about the place of the Reasonable water treatment plant? Unreasonable The reason is: What sort of effect do you think will 6 be brought up with the water supply The water qualfty Ecosystem issue The underground water Others_ from reservoir? Airopollution Air pollution 7 What are the most worried things Collapse The underground Abandoned and noise from about tunnel? water quality dregs exploding construction 8 What is the major environment issue . . . . . on the process of construction? Construction noise Air pollution Ecosystem Issue Pipelne break 9 What effect this project has on local Positive Negative No impact _ economy after completion? I What effect this project has on your Improving Degraded No impact | living after completion? ImromgDerde_N_lnpc What effect do you think this project Has impact A little impact, but can be accepted No impact I has on environment in general? I 12 IWhat is your opinion on this project? Support Be not care Object I I Please give us your suggestion and proposal that should be paid on the process of construction here: XNote: I Please answer the questions and draw v on your choice above. 2 The attached is the introduction of the project etc. Table 84 Composition of individual respondents Occupation Cadre Worker Farmer Teacher Selfemployed Others ______I_ I I orker Other Niumber of persons 21 25 - 19 6 I 14 12 Percent (%) 21.6 1 25.8 19.6 6.2 14.4 | 12.4 1 Educational I . I -iIh Technical attainment Pr chool Junior high Senior high secondary Junior college and above school school school Number of persons 4 15 26 12 40 Percent (%) 4.1 15.5 26.8 12.4 41.2 Age years) 18-35 36-60 >60 Sex Male Female Number of persons 4.4 49 4 Number of 63 34 I I I persons ______9 35_1 Percent (5) 45.4 50.5 4.1 iPercent (%/r) 64.9 T 35. 2 2Q Table 8-5 Statistical result of individual investigation No. Questions Answers No. and Percentage (%) Learn thoroughly 12 (12.4) Hav yo evrlane 1his*veyou prjevbeorlear Learn a little 63 (64.9) Don't know 22 (22.7) Environment pollution 21 (21.6) What is the key factor that Shortage of water supply 37 (38.1) 2 affects the living condition Public security 12 (12.4) in this region? Getting a job 18 (18.6) Others 9 (9.3) Air pollution 13 (13.4) What is the key Noise pollution 17 (17.5) 3 environment issue in this Water pollution 39 (40.2) region? Ecosystem issue 21 (21.6) Others 7 (7.2) Air pollution 5 (5.2) Noise pollution 4 (4.1) Do you think this project issue 3(3.0) 4 has an impact on your life? Ecosystemisu3(.0 Impacted indirectly 45 (46.4) No impact 43 (44.3) Is it reasonable about the Reasonable 94 (96.9) 5 place of the water treatment plant? Unreasonable 3 (3.1) What sort of effect do The water quality of downriver 32 (33.0) 6 you think will be brought Ecosystem issue 43 (44.3) up with the water supply Ground water issue 25 (25.8) from reservoir? Others 5(5.2) Collapse 22 (22.7) What are the most The underground water quality 19 (19.6) 7 worried things . about Abandoned dregs 43 (44.3) tunnel? Air pollution and noise from exploding construction 20 (20.6) Construction noise 38 (39.2) What is the major Air pollution 5 (5.2) 8 environment issue on the process of construction? Ecosystem issue 42 (43.31) Pipeline break 12 (12.3) What effect this project Positive 65 (67.0) 9 has on local economy Negative 9 (93) after completion? No impact 23 (23.7) What effect this project Improving 69 (71.1) 10 has on your living after Degraded 7 (7.1) completion? No impact 21 (21.6) Has impact 14 ( 14.4) What effect do you think Hasimpact 14____ II this project has on A little impact, but it can be accepted 68 (70.1) environment in general! No impact 15 (15.5) l Support . 86 (88.7) What is your opinion on 8 l1i212 thispNot care 4 (4.1) this project. Objective 7 ( 7.2) 230 It can be known from table 8-4 that although the percentage and distribution of occupation composition and education composition of the respondents this time are uneven, it involves many aspects and has a good representativeness. In terms of occupation, it includes people at various social classes such as cadre, teacher, worker, farmer and self-employed worker, 21.6% of whom are cadres including leading cadres (cadres of local government sectors, neighborhood committees and villages) and common cadres; in terms of educational attainments, most of them are at junior college (including junior college) level and the investigation covers all levels from primary school to above college level; the age ranges from above 18 to below 70. It can be know from the investigation result of individuals in table 8-5, that most respondents know or very much know this project and only 22.7% had not known this project before they were told about this investigation; 38.1% respondents think the main factor affecting the living conditions in this region is water shortage; 96.9% respondents think the location of Maojiaping Water Works is rational; 67.0% think this project has a positive effect on local economy and most respondents (7 1.1%) think the project, after completion, will be conducive to the improvement of their own quality of life. For the environmental impact caused by water diversion from reservoir of this project in the questionnaire, the public are most concerned about ecological problem, then impact on water quality in the lower reaches of reservoir and then impact on groundwater, degree of concem being 44.3%, 33% and 25.8% respectively. The most concern about tunnel water diversion is waste residues (44.3%) and collapse (22.7%) caused by this project. In addition, most respondents (70.1%) think the overall impact of this project on the environment is small and acceptable, but hope civilized construction is carried out and the project is completed as scheduled; 15.5% think this project has no impact on the environment. The investigation result also shows that 88.7% respondents support the construction of this project, 4.1% are indifferent and 7.2% object the construction of this project, mainly being the fritillary farmers of Zhangshi Town in the lower reaches of Jiaokou Reservoir, who worry that ecological environment will be affected due to reduction of river flow after water diversion, which directly affect production, life and economic income (mainly comes from fritillary growing). They hope that effective measures are taken to ensure the domestic and production water for the people in the lower reaches of Jiaokou Reservoir and they are compensated so as to ensure social stability. In addition, while issuing social questionnaire, we enquired suggestions from experts with Ningbo Environmental Protection Bureau, Yinzhou District Environmental Protection Bureau, Ningbo Environmental Sanitation Department, Ningbo Water Conservancy Bureau, Ninbo Jiangdongbei District Wastewater Treatment Plant and Ninbo City Planning Preliminary Stage Office. Experts from Ningbo Environmental Protection Bureau think that Maojiaping Water Works is far from residential area and environmental impact is small in construction period and operation period. Its site selection is basically rational. The main pollutant of its wastewater discharge is SS and SS content of raw water is relatively low, thus it will not cause water quality deterioration when discharged into nearby river network after treated to be up to standard. Experts from Ningbo Water Conservancy Bureau point out that it is necessary to well carry out water resource demonstration report an(l ensure that downstream ecological environmental will not be damaged while resolving the problem of water supply. Experts from Ningbo Environmental Sanitation Department proposes. in combination with present sludge disposal of wastewater treatment plant. that sludge from water purification plant shall be first 2'H dewatered and dried and comprehensive utilization shall be considered as much as possible to reduce the quantity of landfill and sludge shall not be discarded at will. Other experts also express support for this project. 8.6 summary of symposium investigation situation 8.6.1 Summary of the first symposium On August 23, 2004, Yinzhou Construction Bureau and Ningbo Water Supply Company organized to hold the first symposium in Zhangshui Town where the project is located and 19 people attended the meeting: (I ) Farmer representatives who use the rivers (mainly Zhangxi River) in the lower reaches of Jiaokou Reservoir to irrigate farmland; (2) Fishery representatives who rely on water from Jiaokou Reservoir to breed aquatics; (3) Some people affected by land requisition and relocation; (4) Villager and resident representatives near sensitive points during construction period. See table 8-6 for specific arrangement of the public conference. The attendants generally think that construction of this project can increase quantity of supply water to meet the requirement of water consumption for urban construction, economic development and improvement of residents' living standard. Substitution of high quality reservoir water sources for present water works in villages and towns can improve supply water quality and safeguard residents' health andthe safety of urban water supply system and effectively exert the function and investment results of other construction projects. Therefore construction of this project is of great importance. However they also pointed out that this project will generate some adverse effect. (1) Representatives of peasants who use the river course (mainly Zhangxi River) downstream of Jiaokou Reservoir think that direct catchment from Jiaokou Reservoir will result in the reduction of water flow in Zhangxi River, the change. of water quality, and thick growth of weeds on riverbed, affecting environmental appearance and causing ecoiogical imbalance; furthermore it will affect the production of fritillary and the drainage and irrigation equipment in villages, therefore they are worried. (2) People engaged in aquaculture in the low reaches think that reduction of drainage flow from Jiaokou Reservoir will cause the reduction of water flow of downstream river network, but the impact should not be great as aquaculture is forbidden in Zhangxi River and downstream fish pond is relatively far from the project. The problem of greatest concern is income reduction due to impact, thus they hope to be compensated in case their income is affected. (3) People affected by land acquisition think that Maojiaping Water Works should be proper as it is determined by related departments after consideration of various aspects. The most impact caused by this project is that they will have no source of income or their income will be reduced after land acquisition. Therefore thev think reasonable arrangement and compensation shall be carried out for land acquisition and relocation due to construction. (4) Representatives of villagers and residents near sensitive points in construction period think that construction of water supply pipeline shall avoid water head site and cultural relic protection zone and avoid residential areas and agricultural planting areas as much as possible. The environmental problem of most 322 concern in construction period is construction noise followed by dust nuisance. They hope that appropriate measures will be taken and those most affected will be compensated properly. Representatives attending the symposium express support for the construction of this project, but they also propose sonie suggestions and requirements: I ) Enough compensation is given to the residents whose production, life and income may be affected by land requisition (including temporary land occupation) and construction according to related regulations; ( 2) Some drainage flow is ensured so as not to affect the residents' life and production water in the lower reaches of liaokou Reservoir; ( 3 ) Attention is paid to the ,noise during construction and some effective measures are taken in the locations where residential buildings are densely located; (4) Loss of fritillary land is maximized during construction, impact on traffic and residents' trip is reduced and the project is completed as scheduled; ( 5 ) Capitals are rationally and effectively utilized as the project investment is great; (6) Ecological welfare forest protection is strengthened and enlarged in the upper reaches of the reservoir region and vegetation protection capital is allocate to ensure water quality of water sources. 8.6.2 Summary of the second symposium On October 12, 2004, Ningbo Water Supply Company organized to hold the second symposium in Meixi Village where the project is located and 21 people attended the meeting. They were mainly part of people affected by land requisition and representatives of villagers and residents near sensitive points during construction period. Participants showed attention to the impact in construction period. What is of most concern for the sensitive points along the line is noise. In design, it is necessary to try to avoid residential areas and use pipe jacking method to lay. the pipe when it is -necessary to pass through residential areas so as to reduce construction impact on residents. In addition, the builder and the construction organization shall reasonably arrange construction time and prohibit night construction in residential areas and use low noise construction equipment. Concurrent use of high noise equipment shall be avoided. Participants express their understanding for the reason that impact is unavoidable and hope the construction period is shortened. Furthermore they require that appropnate measures be taken for dust nuisance and spoil etc during construction to avoid excessive impact and hope that construction period will not affect road access. Villagers incurring relativelv much land requisition are concerned most about compensation and hope that occupation of farmland (including temporarily occupied land) shall be as little as possible- Land requisition and relocation will be carried out according to relatecd national laws and policies for resettlement of affected residents and special migration agencv will be established. With the effort of ensuring that migrants can obtain compensation for all losses, the living standard ot the affected residents will be improved. The affected residents hope that this objective can be finally achieved Representatives basically approve of the construction of this project and think that the resultant favorable influence is donunant and adverse effect is local and temporary and can be mitigated to some extent through corresponding environmental protection measures and compensation. 233 8.7 Information disclosure 8.7.1 Content of information disclosure According to the requirement of World Bank environmental assessment policy and actual need, we conducted information disclosure in the second round of public participation. (1) When the first draft of environmental impact assessment report for this project was completed, we put up announcement in Meixi Village, Yinjiang Town where Maojiaping Water Works is situated and Ningbo urban area (Ningbo Water Supply Company) to advise the public that they can look up "Environmental impact report" (first draft) of this project and related information in related locations and feed back opinions and suggestions, and provided feedback mail box and hot line telephone to listen to the opinions and suggestions of the public. The time of announcement was from June 4 to June 14. For content of announcement, see appendix and photos. (2) Before normal review, "announcement" was published in "Ningbo Daily" on September 5, 2004 to let the broader social organizations and the masses know and participate in Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou Reservoir Water Diversion and Urban Water Supply Ring Network Project and advise the public that they look up "Environmental impact report" (for approval) of this project and related information on Net and in related locations. In addition, we provided feedback mail box and hot line telephone to listen to the opinions and suggestions of the public. The specific placement location and time was as follows; Data placement location: Bao Yugang Library reading room, Room 301, Ningbo Environmental Protection Science Research & Design Institute Net: www.nbepb.gov.cn/announcement; www.nbwater.com/Callboard Date placement time: starting from September 3, 2004 8.7.2 Information disclosure and feedback According to periodic enquiry for feedback mail box and return visit to data placement location, we did not find feedback left words from the public in mail box and opinion book. Therefore we enquired the attendants in the reading room of Bao Yugang Library and they though that most staffs in the library enquire their needed information purposefully and only some staffs read the information on this project without leaving words. The main reason is: (I) Due to rapid living tempo and busy work, time is very precious. They did not think the project is closely related to them, thus they did not provide.any opinions; (2) The public expressed that this project is urban infrastructure, its objective is to serve the society and is benefwial to the people. thus nobody has any complaint and they did not leave words. 234 Iab)le 8-4 P'ublic conil'erelice arrangement Conferenonfecenc l . . __ _ . _____ Planned questions No Tnie Parlicipants . subject When this project is put into production after completion, it will cause reduction of you think it will affect agricultuiral water? Representative of farmers who use Impact on drainage flow from Jiaokou Reservoir. Do conversion scale of this project is appropriate? I 2004.8 the river COurse in the lower reaches agriculture Do you think the water of Jiaokou Reservoir (mainly after water What is the environmental problem of this project mostly worrying you? Zhangxi River) diversion Do your approve construction of this project? When this project is put into production after completion, it will cause reduction of it will affect fishery production? Representative of fishery people Impact of this drainage flow from Jiaokou Reservoir. Do you think scale of this project is appropriate? 2 2004.8 who rely on Jiaokou Reservoir to project on Do you think the water conversion project mostly worrying you? breed aquatics fishery What is the environmental problem of this Do your approve construction of this project? Whether Do you think the location of Maojiaping Water Works is appropriate? satisfactory Are your satisfactory with the resettlement plan of affected residents? of this project construction on you? 3 2004.9 Som}e people affected by land with the plan What is the greatest impact requisition and relocation of resettlement of affected What is the environmental problem of this project mostly worrying you? residents? Do you approve this project construction? What sensitive areas do you think should be avoided in the construction of water supply area, c. water head site, d. cultural relics Representative of villagers and pipeline? a. residential area, agricultural planting in Environmental residents wear sensitive points protection area of construction period mostly worrying you? 4 2004.8 . . . . What is the environmental problem residents in the lOOm range on the construction after knowing the environmental impact two sides of the sensitive points period Are you worried about the impact of this project of this project? Do you approve the listed in table 3. 1 mitigation measure planned for the construction period construction of this project? 235 8.8General conclusion The return ratio of the questionnaires foi this public participation investigation is 97%, indicating the public in the assessed region is very concerned about this project and has relatively strong environmental protection consciousness The responders for this public participation represent different social strata and the result shows that most mass stand up for, approve and support this project construction. As a social public welfare project, this project will play an important role in meeting and promoting Ningbo's economic and social development and extending water supply range, improving the living standard of the residents in urban and rural areas in Ningbo City and improving the safety degree of urban water supply system. It is suggested to compensate the economic loss caused by relocation of residents and land requisition, well carry out pollution prevention and control work in construction period and rationally and effectively utilizing construction capital. 2 3 9.0 CONCLUSIONS 9.1 Present status of environmental quality on the constructed region 9.1.lAir quality In general the air quality is good, and accord with the class 11 of functional partition, but acid rain occurs frequently in the city of NingBo, the region is belongs to heavy acid rain area. 9.1.2 Water quality of reservoir, river and river network Water quality of reservoir, particularly the water quality of Jiaokou Reservoir, is good. According to the measured value of major monthly water quality indices in 2002 and the measured value of all water quality indices measured in the first half year of 2001 to 2003 every year and with reference to the "Environmental quality standard for surface water" (GB3838-2002), water quality of Jiaokou Reservoir has attained Class I - 11 water body quality standard and conform to the source water quality requirement of national "Sanitation Specification of Domestic and Drinking Water'. The water quality of Fanshidu section of Fenghuajiang river reached the Class IV defined in the Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard, the main over limit indexes are DO, oil and total phosphorus, but, in 2002, with tendency to better, all indexes met the requirements of Class III water quality defined in the Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard; all last two years indexes of the water quality of Qinglindu section of Yaojiang nver met the requirements of Class III water quality defined in the GB3838-2002 except that the index of BOD5 in 2001 was slightly over limit; Except BODs exceeded standard in 2003, other indices of Chenglang Weir of Fenghua River were up to standard in different years. Water quality of Sanjiangkou of Yongjiang River meet the Class IV water standard required by the plan and has not exceeded standard in all stages. For estuary cross-section of Shanjiang River, a tributary of Fenghua River, Changting cross-section of Xianjiang River and Xiwu cross-section of Dongjiang River, cross-section water quality conforms to the requirement of water quality for functional area whether in level period, in high water period or in low water period over the last two years. Respective indices of outlet water from Jiaokou Reservoir (Zhangxi River) in 2003 conformed to the requirement of water quality for functional area. Present water quality of Liangqiao cross-section of Yinjiang River was Class III and exceeded the requirement of Class 11 functional area. The main standard-exceeding substances are ammonia nitrogen, DO and CODmn ect. Heavy metals such as mercury, lead, tin, arsenic, hexavalent chrome and cyanide of all cross-sections in 2003 were in the water quality range of Class I surface water. Evaluation of present situation of water environment indicates that reservoir water quality is better than river water quality and the water quality of Jiaokou Reservoir meets the requirement of source water quality for the water works of this project. Water quality of Yongjiang River changes from good in the upper reaches to bad in the lower reaches and tributary water quality is better than trunk stream water quality and changes from Class 11 to Class IV. Water quality of river is better than that of inland river network. 217 9.1.3 Urban environmental noise According to the Ningbo environmental quality report of 2003 prepared by Ningo environmental protection bureau, the built-up area of Ningbo was divided into 216 grids with dimension of 500mx500m, the measured average equivalent sound level of local environment noise in 2003 is 53.3dB (A) which is lower than that in 2002 of 53.4dB(A). The equivalent sound level of environmental noise in the urban area of Ningbo City has been controlled below 56dB(A) for successively 8 years. In 2003, regional environmental noise in Ningbo City ranked the fifth among the 47 key environmental protection cities in the country, one position ahead compared with 2002. In respect of the sound source constituent of noise, the constituent ratio of domestic noise is the highest up to 51.4%, traffic noise take second place up to 35.6%, therefore, the domestic noise becomes the main noise source of Ningbo city. The present noise monitoring result of this environmental assessment indicates: the plant site of Maojiapin water plant and Jiaokou reservoir (proposed site for water tower) now have good acoustic environment quality, noise in day and night meets the Class I criteria specified in "Standard of Environmental Noise within Urban Area"(GB3096-93); except that the day and night noise level of Chuxianerdao highway is accepted, other monitoring points measured the night noise level over limit with different extent due to the effect of traffic noise; the noise levels measured at Fenaodongcun of Hengyanlu road and Yujia of Yanxiandadao road also are over limit. 9.1.4 Ecological environmental quality This area has been under the influence of human activities for a long history. The original natural ecological system is all damaged. The low hilly area on west of the water plant is planted with artificial forest. The east of the plant is terrain with farrmland and artificial buildings. Yinzhou District in the project location has a good ecological environmental quality, vegetation coverage is high and soil erosion is small. The investigation and monitoring result of present situation of aquatic ecology indicates that Zhangxi River section from Jiaokou Reservoir in Yinjiang to Tashan Weir is flashy stream with short source and rapid flow. The resource of hydrobiont.is scanty and there are no rare and precious aquatic plants and amumals nor migratory fish and fish spawning site, thus resource of a certain economic value is not formed. 9.2 General situation of project and engineering analysis 9.2.1 General situation of project Project name: Ningbo City Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou Reservoir Water Diversion and Urban Water Supply Ring Network Project (hereinafter referred to as Ningbo Water Supply Project) Project nature: one of the sub-projects of Ningbo Water Environment Construction Project by utilizing World Bank loan, new built city infrastructure project Project undertaker: Ningbo Water Supply Company Project investment: total project investment is approximately 1,400,000,000Yuan (RMB); 60(),000,00OYuan (RMB) is planned to be borrowed from World Bank, 340,000OOONYuan (RMB) from dornestic bank and other 460.000.00OYuan (RMBI is self-raised by the enterprise. 238 Project construction period: 3 years Construction period of project: three years, completely put into production in January 2008. Geographic location: Ningbo City Composition of project: see table below. Composition of loan project Name of project Item project Contents of project Remarks 3 Ningbo City Raw water A 500,000m /d water catchment tower is Water conveyance Zhougongzhai and Catchment and provided in Jiaokou Reservoir to take raw branch pipes are led Jioakou Reservoir conveyance water from Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou from along clean water Water Diversion work Reservoirs, which flows through 9.58km main pipe to all villages and Urban Water DN2800 tunnel to Maojiaping Water Works. and towns in Yinxi Supply Ring Water A 500,000m 3/d water purification plant is built region and water Network Project purification in Maojiaping. Conventional treatment quantity scale is 3 plant work technology is strengthened and future 150,000m /d. This part advanced treatment land is reserved. I'he of work has been water works occupies a land of 9.35 hectares separately initialized by (140.3mu) including 20mu reserved for Ningbo City and is not advanced treatment. included in this project. Clean water Outgoing clean water mains are two Water flows by gravity conveyance DN2000- DN18000 pipes and total length from water works to and urban ring from Maojiaping Water Works to main water main distribution ring network work distribution pipe network is 36.90km; urban network and villages water distribution ring network is divided into and towns in Yinxi four sections with total length being 46.70km. region. 9.2.2 Major pollution source and pollutants of the engineering project (1) Raw water catchment (catchment tower) and conveyance project 10 Construction period Noise pollution and dust nuisance (or ground dust) etc may be produced during construction period. Domestic refuses and domestic wastewater caused by construction personnel and water and soil erosion etc caused by rainstorm runoff. Discarded earth and stone from water inlet tunnel; the expected production of waste residues will be 100,000m3 '9) Operation period The impact of raw water catchment and conveyance project on ecological environment mainly is the reduction of runoff volume of river section downstream of Jiaokou Reservoir and the reduction of water environmental capacity of downstream river section. (2) Clean water conveyance project A1,ConstrLction period 239 Construction dust nuisance (or ground dust), noise produced by construction machinery and transport vehicles, domestic refuses and domestic wastewater produced by construction personnel, water and soil erosion caused by rainstorm runoff etc. C2) Operation period Generally, covering earth above pipes is 2.0-2.5m thick. Vegetation will be restored after burial of water conveyance pipes, thus this impact on ecology is small. (3) Water purification plant project ©1Construction period Leveling of construction site for water purification plant involves a great quantity of earth and stone, but basic balance of earth and stone can be realized. As there a large number of construction personnel, impact on environment during construction period will be: construction dust nuisance (or ground dust), noise generated by construction machinery and transport vehicle, domestic refuses and domestic wastewater produced by construction personnel, water and soil erosion caused by rainstorm runoff etc. (® Operation period Pollution source in operation period is mainly the noise produced by equipment. Noise of water purification plant mainly comes from various pumps and operating equipment and its value is approximately 60-9OdBA. In addition, discharge of sludge dewatering and backflush water and a small amount of domestic wastewater will be produced. After calculation, the produced dewatered sludge is 17.8t/d (dry sludge). Risk of chlorine and ammonia leakage may exist in operation period. (4) Main water distribution ring network project 01 Construction period Construction dust nuisance (or ground dust), noise generated by construction machinery and transport vehicle, domestic refuses and domestic wastewater produced by construction personnel, impact on landscaped vegetation. 02 Operation period Due to use of gravity flow water conveyance, main water distribution ring network project will not have significant environmental pollution problem during operation period. 9.3 Project's environmental impact on the assessed area 9.3.1 Assessment of environmental impact during construction 9.3.1.1 Analysis of atmospheric environment impact during construction period (I ) Analysis of dust emission during construction period In the process of construction of water catchment towers and tunnels, blasting work and construction of water purification plant, and installation of pipelines. if proper protection measures are not adopted for the concrete mixing plant, earthwork handling and waste dumps, dust enmission will occur during excavation work. 240 transportation and handling of pipes, ground finishing and construction. The results of analogy investigation show the dust emission is mainly from the temporary road for construction in the job sites and its coverage will be 5t0m-wide areas both sides of the road. To some extent, the coverage of dust emission is related with the wind strength and climate. The most adverse effect caused by dust emission mainly presents in the windy weather. Therefore, during construction period, when continuous fair weather is encountered or windy weather will be coming, the sprinkling measures for the temporary road for construction, work yard and earth deposits should be performed to prevent dust emission, the sprinkling equipments should be provided and operated by the dedicated personnel, in addition, the construction contractor should implement the cleaning regulations; the cement and other fine particle loose material should be stored indoor and covered properly to prevent from missing and flying upward in transportation; for the waste dump, the conservation of soil and water should be done well to prevent dust emission. (2) Waste gas impact analysis during construction period Major sources of construction waste gases include: waste gas emission from various oil burning machineries such as wheel loader, dump truck and excavator, tail gas generated by transportation vehicles and waste gas e-emission from cooking range in temporary canteen for constr uction team. - Major pollutants of construction waste gases are: NOX, CO and hydrocarbon (HC) etc. The discharge amount of these pollutants is small and it only has some impact on constnrction personnel and has minor impact on regional environment. In order to minimize the adverse effect, all units exhausting fume employed during construction period, such .as furnace and kiln, cooker and power generator, should be the acceptable products, the emission of harmful gas should be meet the requirements specified in national standard; strengthening the inspection and maintenance of vehicles for construction, it is not allowed to use the vehicle beyond its service life or with emission exceeding accepted values specified in standard; the vehicles for construction should be with lower oil consumption and less ernission, and supplied with high quality fuel oil as far as possible, to minimize the harmful waste gas emission from machineries and vehicles. 9.3.1.2Analysis of water-environment impact during construction period (I ) Analysis of environmental impact caused by production waste water (W Raw water catchment and conveyance project and water purification plant project Construction and production wastewater of raw water catchment and conveyance project and water purification plant project is mainly produced from sandstone production system and concrete mixing system as well as construction machinery maintenance and washing wastewater. Sandstone production wastewater is mainly material washing wastewater with great quantity and sand content can reach 4-70kgIm 3 Concrete mixing \wastewater and concrete placement wastewater are the strongly alkaline wastewater generated from the process of concrete production and its main pollution control indices are SS and pH. . Washing wastewater for machiner\ and vehicle maintenance mainlv contains mud and sand and oil stain and its main pollution control indices are SS and petroleum-If production wastewater is not treated, water resource will be wasted and environment 'will be polluted According to estimation, wastewater discharge is about 100m'/d 241 Treatment devices are located in concrete mixing system, grit processing system and construction machinery maintenance parking station in the seven construction areas. The production waste water should be treated to meet the requirements of standard prior to drainage to the river network of downstream, so, it makes less adverse effect to the water environment. Construction of water inlet is in liaokou Reservoir. As there is cofferdam, production wastewater will enter the reservoir to pollute reservoir water. Therefore construction and production water at water inlet must be recovered and undergo sedimentation treatment to reach standard before discharge. Production wastewater is not allowed to enter reservoir. In addition, This project is in the river valley in mountainous region and seepage water exists. In addition, there are construction waste water and massif water seepage in tunnels. It is necessary to always use ZB 19 water pump to pump drain the water during construction period. The pollutants in the discharged wastewater mainly are suspended matters with small water quantity and will be discharged after preliminary treatment. (2)Clean water conveyance main pipe project and urban water distribution ring network project The construction wastewater impact of clean water conveyance main pipe project and urban water distribution ring network project includes the impact of pipe cleaning wastewater and the impact of river course construction on river water quality. Sectional pressure test pipes during pipe construction need to be cleaned after pressure test is passed. Water used for cleaning must be clean and all openings of the cleaned pipe section must be plugged to prevent secondary pipe pollution. When cleaning, it is necessary to clean pipes in the pipe slope direction to discharge contaminated water. When the whole pipe is cleaned, it is necessary to ensure that discharged cleaning water does not contain sand beads and discharged water quality approximates washing water quality. Discharged cleaning water shall not leak into pipe foundation ditch and foundation. Mud valve on pipes can be used to discharge water to nearby streams. The main pollutants of cleaning wastewater is suspended matter and basically contains no organic matter and inorganic salt, thus it can directly enter urban wastewater pipe. Pipes will undergo final flushing after backfilling. Flushing shall be made by utilizing the reachable flow rate in the pipe until the water at the inlet is -the same as the water at the outlet through visual observation. Depending on actual situation, final flushing water shall be reutilized as much as possible to be used for road water spray or other purposes. In addition, pipe bridge work needs to build bearing pile foundation and construction needs to be done in river course, thus it has some impact on water quality of river course. This impact is mainly agitation of bottom material which increases SS content of river water, but SS can settle naturally. If construction is carried in the bed mud part that may cause serious pollution, it is necessary to pay attention to the disposal of pollution soil. (2) Environmental impact analysis of domestic wastewater Construction domestic wastewater is produced by management personnel and construction personnel entering the site during construction period. The main pollution control indices of domestic wastewater are BOD5, CODCr, NH -N and SS etc and its discharge is regular. Based on 1,600 people in peak construction penod, 3 domestic water consumption per person everyday is 0.05m , 80m~' in total, and average daily discharge of 242 domestic wastewater is 56m3. The domestic wastewater of raw water catchment and conveyance project, water purification plant project and clean water conveyance main pipe shall be collected and treated with integrated domestic wastewater treatment equipment to reach the standard and be discharged; construction domestic wastewater in urban area can be directly discharged into urban wastewater pipe. 9.3.1.3Analysis of noise impact during construction period (1) Raw water catchment & conveyance work and water purification plant project The reach distance of noises generated from various construction machineries normally is approx. 40m by daylight, basically, the noise at 200m at night will be the standard value of 55dB(A). The water purification plant located on the hill has a distance of 200m from the nearest sensitive point, therefore, less effect caused by noise during its construction can meet the class I daytime limit (55dB(A)) specified in the ((Standard of environmental noise of urban area)) (GB3096-93) . However, in order to avoid the construction at night disturbing residents, it is necessary to strengthen management and strictly follow the requirements specified in the ((Noise limits for Construction Site)) (GB12523-90). It is recommended to apply advanced construction processes and low-noise equipments and reasonably arrange construction time to avoid many high-noise equipments operating simultaneously and arrange the work generating high noise in daylight. For the noise occurred during massif blasting in construction is sudden with short duration, anyone outside of safety distance of blasting will not be affected basically. Therefore, so long as do not arrange the blasting at night, the effect on periphery noise environment will be less. (2) Clean water conveyance main pipe project and urban water distribution ring network project During the construction of clean water conveyance main pipe project, the noises are mainly generated from the construction machineries, transportation of building material, and treatment of pile foundation. Because the pipeline will across some residential areas such as Hengjie Town, the construction noise will have some effect on the residents' production and living environments, especially, at night, it will disturb the residents to some extent. Since .the urban water distribution ring network project will be implemented in the urban, more passengers through the job sites, there are such sensitive points as residential areas and schools near the job sites, and some sensitive poirnts is only 5m from the job site, the construction noise will have some adverse effects on people's normal life. According to the ((Noise limits for Construction Site))(GB12523-90) , noise limit in the daytime is 65- 85dB, that at night 55dB. By forecasting and analogical analysis, it is expected the n6ise from machineries for construction in the daytime will reach the specified limit at 40m far from the job sites and at night. the distance will be 200m for the standard value (55dB(A)). The pipeline will be laid along the highway. the noise on both sides of highway refers to the class IV limits specified in the ((Standard of environmental noise of urban area)l GB3096-93) . that is to say, 7OdB(A) in the daytime and 55dB(A) at night. Therefore, noises in the daytime have less effect on the sensitive points near the pipeline. but the environmental noise at night will exceed the limit greatl) so as to seriously disturb the rest of residents along the pipeline Thus, on the sections along the pipeline there are residential buildings, it is not allowed to carry out the construction work- which will cause noise pollution 243 to residents' living environment. For the special work needs to be done continuously, the approval certification issued by the people's government at the county level or above or relevant authorities should be available, and it is necessary to inform the affected residents for understanding. 9.3.1.4Analysit of solid waste impact during construction period (I) Raw water catchment & conveyance work Because of more buildings in the raw water catchment and tunnel water conveyance project as well as excavation of tunnels, a large quantity of earthwork may be produced and the main construction garbage is the waste residues. The project will place four waste dumps with a total surface area of 61mu, the current land status is woodland. The waste dumps occupying the land will affect the vegetation growing on the places so as to weaken the previous conservation of water and soil. When it is raining heavily, water and soil losses will be intensified and dust emission will occur. If no necessary prevention and protection measures are adopted, soil will be eroded by rainwater and flood and carried to the river course resulting to accumulation of mud and raise of water level so as to adversely affect the safety of flood. Therefore, the water and soil conservation for waste dumps should be well done. The output of waste residue of the project totals to 305,80Om3. The earthwork balance has been completed preliminarily in design procedure. The excavated stone from tunnels will be used as the concrete aggregate as much as possible. The waste residues used for the project and Ningbo urban construction totals to 205,100m3, the surplus will be transported to above mentioned 4 waste dumps. Because the waste dumps will occupy the woodland, improper protection measures for waste residues will result in dust emission, even the water and soil losses. It is suggested to comprehensively utilize the waste residues to the utmost extend. The waste residue mainly include the stone from excavation of tunnels of the raw water catchment and tunnel water conveyance project. Considering many projects under construction and proposed to be implemented in the project site, Dongqiao town of Yinzhou, the waste residues can be used as the filling materials for buildings and roads construction of these projects. The excavated earth is generally the fresh soil unpolluted by construction, therefore, it can be used for farmland repair soil, green belt soil and covering soil of landfills to minimize the waste residue- quantity. (2) Water,purification plant project As water purification plant is situated on hill side, smooth blasting is used, side slope is excavated and ravine reclamation is made. Although a large quantity of earth and stone is produced dufring project construction, waste residues will not be generated as the quantity of earth and stone from side slope excavation is basically same as that from ravine reclamation. During construction of water purification plant, waste building materials, industrial surplus materials and leftover refuses will be produced. These solid wastes will be collected and reutilized by the construction company and the owner and those unable to be utilized can be transported to the designated location for safe landfill. (3) Clean water conveyance main pipe project and urban water distribution ring network project 244 The main solid wastes produced by clean water conveyance main pipe project and urban water distribution ring network project during construction period are temporary construction earth piles and domestic refuses. In project construction, temporary earth piles may be made on the two sides of channels due to earthwork excavation. If management is improper, dust nuisance and sandstorm may be caused in case of wind to affect the environment. Temporary earth piles in pipeline construction will be back filled during late construction stage and original land function will be restored. When construction is completed, temporary earth piles will not generate environmental impact. 9.3.1.5 Ecological environmental impact analysis during construction period (1 ) Impact analysis of reservoir and river aquatic ecosystem During construction of raw water catchment and conveyance project, some mud and sand may enter reservoir to affect reservoir water quality and ecological environment. When pipes run through rivers and fish ponds, they may cause some impact on bottom materials of rivers and fish ponds if pipe sinking method is used for construction. When running through Huangzhi River, underwater excavation and burying method is used for construction in river course, which will disturb bottom materials of rivers and cause some impact. Impact on aquatic ecosystem is mainly because content of suspended substances in water increases after entry of mud and sand or agitation of bottom materials. From aquatic ecosystem point of view, increase of suspended substances weakens euphotic layer thickness in water body so that it reduces primary productivity of water body and causes decrease of phytoplankton biomass, which generates impact on the quantity of living beings in the higher-level biological chain, e.g. reduction of fish biomass. At the same time, excessive suspended substances generate significant inhibiting effect on the survival of caridoid larva. With reference to the test result of suspended sediment toxic effect on aquatic organisms, when suspended sediment reaches 9mg/l, it will generate some impact on the survival rate of zooplankton and photosynthesis of phytoplankton. (2) Impact analysis of forestry ecosystem and agricultural ecosystem The main impact of this project on forestry ecosystem and agricultural ecosystem is land occupation by the project, which is divided into permanently occupied land and temporarily occupied land. Permanently occupied land of this project is mainly the land occupied by water purification plant and the permanently occupied land is 9.35 hectares. This project temporarily occupies 11 Imu land, of which 50mu is for construction site including construction plant facilities and 50mu for excavation waste dumps. The temporarily occupied lanid includes 78mu mountain forest, 22mu farm land and I Imu fritillary land. Permanent land occupation directly changes original surface configuration and present land utilization situation and causes permanent loss of biological productivity, ecological environment being impossible to recover. Temporary land occupation changes the original surface configuration and results in vegetation damage and farmland deterioration in a certain period. Its direct impact on agricultural ecological.environment is farmland occupation and resultant agricultural loss. With project retirement and manual landscape and ecological restoration, the biological productivity and original land utilization function can be restored to some extent. 245 Although this project occupies some land, the proportion of various land occupation in existing land is very low. Therefore land occupation by this project will not bring significant adverse effect on local land utilization structure. (3) Vegetation damage and animal impact Vegetation damage and animal impact during construction can be divided into permanent habitat damage, habitat disturbance and temporary habitat disturbance. (I)Permanent habitat damage Excavation of intake tunnel involves 12 working faces and will permanently occupy some forest land. Plants will be felled and vegetation will be affected, causing damage to bird habitat. The region where site of water purification plant is selected belongs to low mountain hill and existing hillside vegetation coverage is sparse and is mainly shrubbery. Construction may cause unrecoverable damage of some habitats, for example, felling plants causes damage to bird habitat. During project construction, if original vegetation in the selected site area is basically damaged, the birds, insects and reptiles (e.g. snake) that rely on these plants as habitat will completely disappear. (g)Habitat disturbance During project construction, activities of the construction company and construction noise may disturb the living beings in the scope of work. Due to disturbance by human activities, some animals may temporarily leave to evade human activities and vegetation damage in construction area will force animals to leave for surrounding areas. Such disturbance will not cause reduction of animal species and quantity and its impact is transient. () Temporary habitat disturbance Some sudden manmade incidents during construction will cause disturbance to ecological environment in this region, but such disturbance is recoverable. Generally, covering soil on top of pipes is usually 2.0-2.5m deep. Therefore as long as restoration of vegetation above pipes after pipe burial is carried out, original habitat will not be greatly affected. During construction of clean water conveyance main pipe, in order to lay pipes, excavation and backfill will be made to forest land and farmiand and excavation will cause impact on vegetation ecological environment. After backfilling, forest land and farmland can be basically restored to original ecological level. (4) Construction impact on soil environment Main soil type along the line of the planned project is clay. Soil is a type of complicated complex of inorganic and organic substances and is composed of mineral substances, water, air and living-organism while good condition of water. manure, air, heat and cultivation determines the extent of soil fertility. Construction activities will surelv affect soil physicochemical property and soil structure to cause soil environment. O)Impact on soil structure Soil structure is the combined situation of various soil layers in soil profile, and characteristic and physicochenucal propertv of different soil layers differ greatly. As long as structure is concerned, top soil density is moderate with better micro aggregate structure and good hair canal performance and bottom subsoil is relativelk 246 tight and heavy. In terms of nutrient, top soil is much better than subsoil layer and it has high content of organic matter, total nitrogen, and rapidly available phosphorus and potassium nutrients. Its density and pore situation is moderate and it has strong soil workability, and active microorganisms. Pipe construction will surely disturb original soil structure and make original soil layer combination disordered, causing mixing of immature soil and mellow soil, aggregate structure damage, soil capillary breakage, adverse change of microorganism species and quantity and inability to well decompose and release soil nutrients. As a result, soil nature is deteriorated and ground vegetation growth is further affected and even difficult to restore. 02 Impact on soil density When pipes are backfilled after buried, it is usually difficult to restore original density. Excessively loose backfill will cause infiltration of irrigation and precipitation and make soil layer apparently collapse to form groove; and excessively dense backfill will affect growth of plant root system and infiltration of water. As a result. soil productivity level above pipe and adjacent section will decrease and is difficult to restore into the production level before construction. In addition, during pipeline construction period, treading by construction personnel and rolling by material transportation vehicles and heavy machinery will also cause over-density of top soil on the two sides of pipes and reduce soil permeability and water permeability, generating adverse impact on the growth of plants. 9.3.1.6 Groundwater environmental impact analysis during construction period During construction of water catchment and conveyance tunnel, mainly the groundwater existing in lithoclase seeps to the construction working faces to cause water accumulation in working faces and affect construction. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out special drainage. As rock mass fissure development degree in the project area is low and rock stratum water containment is poor, fissure water is made up by atmospheric precipitation and water quantity is small, after completion of tunnel construction, grouting is carried,out on the inner wall of tunnel. Grouting is carried out in the sequence of first backfill and then consolidation, Consolidation grouting is constructed by the method of inter-ring sequence and intra-ring compaction and in-hole circulating one-time grouting method is used to avoid tunnel water leakage. In addition, during groove excavation for clean water conveyance main pipe and urban water distribution pipe network, groundwater may seep into grooves in the local section where groundwater level is shallow (less than 2m) and drainage is needed. As groove excavation depth is usually in 2m range and groove leak water is mostly phreatic water in loose sediment, it is made up by atmospheric precipitation and water quantity is small. Similarly, manual pumping drainage of groundwater will cause great drop of regional eroundwater level and the discharged groundwater is usually discharged into nearby surface streams. In a word, the underground water can not disturb the construction seriously The pump drainage of water under working face has a little effect on water environment. 247 9.3.1.7 Soil erosion impact analysis during construction period In the construction section (including transportation detour), due to treading by construction personnel and destruction of machinery operation to surface vegetation and soil structure, area-by-area exposed land will be caused and soil erosion will occur in case of rainstorm and gale weather. During construction, various working surfaces (including material yard detour) tend to cause wind erosion under the action of wine force especially gale, which appears mainly as construction dust nuisance. Cumulous soil generated from construction tends to cause sand dust by gales in spring and autumn due to soil looseness and cause soil and water erosion. Due to loose earthwork in working face during excavation and filling work in construction period, new soil and water erosion tends to be caused under the action of rainwater and flood washing. The current land status of waste dump is woodland. The waste dumps occupying the land will affect the vegetation growing on the places so as to weaken the previous conservation of water and soil. When it is raining heavily, water and soil losses will be intensified and dust emission will occur. When reconstruction is completed, as restoration of soil structure and natural vegetation in construction area needs some time, soil and water erosion along the line will continue. But with extension of time, change of soil structure, restoration of surface vegetation and completion of some protection such as forestation measure, revetment and other protection work, the range and impact degree of soil and water erosion will be gradually reduced. During construction period, it is necessary to try to reduce vegetation damage; waste sand, sand and earth shall not be dumped into trenches out of storage area; after completion of the project, it is necessary to plant trees and grasses on the exposed land of borrow pit, excavation face and waste sand, stone and earth storage area to prevent soil erosion. In order to minimize the water and soil losses of waste dumps, the retaining wall made of mortar and stone should be built along the outside of waste dump before disposal of waste residues to maintain the waste dump basically stable. When disposal, the waste residues should be disposed by layers and compacted immediately after disposal. To minirnize the erosion by collected water around the dump, the drainage facilities should be built around the dump to lead the collected water. After disposal of waste residues, the top and slope of waste dump should be laid with covering soil, leveled and restored to be the woodland or protected by other greening methods. 9.3.1.8 The affection on labor's health during construction (I ) Impact on people's health The average labor number used during the construction of this project is 1200 person/day with peak labor of 1600 person/day. The total labor used is about 400,000 workdays. The total construction period is about one year. During the construction, the bursting out of the contagious diseases is very easy happened because of the densely used large amount of labors, lirmted construction site, unfavorable living conditions in working site. Therefore. attention must by paid on the hygiene conditions in working area. (2) Mlitigation measure 248 During construction of the project, it is required to set medical and sanitary facilities in living quarters and well conduct medical and sanitary work in the construction area; strengthen quarantine management in water catchment and canteen to disinfect and monitor supply water sources and ensure environmental sanitation of construction area; carry out comprehensive physical examination, for construction personnel and prohibit the personnel having infectious diseases from entering construction site. The personnel having infectious diseases shall be separated and treated and the people around them shall be treated with prophylactic inoculation; canteen staff shall undergo periodic physical examination and shall be treated if found to have epidemic diseases and transferred from canteen to prevent outbreak of infectious diseases. 9.3.1.9 Social impact analysis during construction period During construction period, it will cause short term impact on the social environment along the line, which mainly includes: (X) Construction occupies farmnland and road, which increases the load of existing road and affects travel of nearby villagers; (2) Construction vehicles frequently pass by such densely populated areas such as villages and schools, which may possibly capse hidden trouble for local traffic accidents; ® Uncivilized behaviors of some construction personnel may cause impact on local residents and crops. The above impacts can be avoided to a great extent or completed eliminated through rational arrangement of construction plan and civilized construction. Therefore the construction company shall formulate perfect construction plan and strictly require construction personnel to alleviate social impact caused by construction. 9.3.2 Environmental impact assessment during operation period 9.3.2.1 Impact on optimizing allocation of regional water sources Analysis of the project water resource demonstration report has sufficiently showed that water sources in Ningbo City are not evenly distributed in term of time and space and must be adjusted by reservoir and water diversion project. Thirty percent of the water supplied by Ningbo's water plants is necessary living water for residents. Forty percent of it will be used by industrial production. The average water consumption rating of Ningbo's industry enterprises reaches the most advanced water. utilization level in China with high unit production value and reasonable structures due to the good industry foundation of Ningbo City. Thle enlarged water supply will helps the production of higher economic and social benefits. According to the evaluation on the existing water environment in Ningbo City, the water quality of reservoir is better than that of the river; the quality of branch of Yongjiang River is better than mainstream; the quality of river is better than internal waterway network. The project follows the water source configuration principle that used better source water for high grade demands. With the implementation of the Zhougongzhai, Jiaokou Reservoir diversion and urban water distribution loop network project, the optimization of the regional water resources will be accomplished to effectively resolve the existing problems on the water supply for the urban and rural residents and industries. 249 9.3.2.2 Impact on hydrological regime in the lower reaches and water catchments after completion of this water diversion project, water quality will decrease under different factors of assurance, maximum drainage flow lags behind compared with reservoir incoming flow, and hydrological regime of the lower reaches will change relatively greatly. In addition, it indicates that the joint operation of Zhougozhai and Jiaokou Reservoirs embodies the reservoir adjustment function. In addition, in the lOOkm2 catchment area from Jiaokou Reservoir to Tashan Weir there are a series of small streams flowing to Zhangxi River. There is a stream flowing into the river at I km downstream of the dam. Furthermore,, from the analysis of discarded water quantity of Jiaokou Reservoir, converted to monthly average flow, the minimum monthly average flow in low flow years (P=90%) can reach 0.82m3/s. Thus it further indicates that although hydrological regime in the lower reaches of Jiaokou Reservoir can change to some extent due to water catchment from Jiaokou Reservoir to Tashan Weir, this river section will not incur discontinuous flow of river course in the lower reaches due to water diversion. According to the project water resource demonstration report, balance calculation of water diversion project includes the total lO,OOOm3/d water consumption at respective water catchments from Jiaokou Reservoir to Tashan Weir and the irrigation makeup water quantity in Yinxi Plain. These two parts of water will be drained from reservoir through river courses to water catchments and Yinxi river network in the lower reaches. When this project is completed, it will have very small impact on the river courses in the lower reaches and river network water catchments. 9.3.2.3 Minimum ecological and environmental water demand of downstream river course (1) Minimum environmental water demand of downstream river course The frequency analysis for average monthly drainage flow of Jiaokou Reservoir from 1974 to 2003 shows that in the low flow year with p=90%, the minimum average monthly flow occurs in December and flow is 0.39m3/s. According to Ningbo ground water environmental function area division, the water environmental function area of Jiaokou to Tanshan Weir river section belongs to Class II water source protection area and the calculation design water flow condition of its environmental capacity (pollution receiving capacity) shall be the low flow year with p=90%,(typical year is 1980), At this time, the minimum month-average flow rate will be 0.39m3/s, i.e., the minimum environmental water demand of river course downstream of Jiaokou reservoir. (2) Minimum ecological water demand of downstream river course The investigation and monitoring result of aquatic ecology shows that there are no valuable and rare animals and plants and no migration fishes and fish spawning ground in the river section between Yinjiang Jiaokou reservoir and Tashan Weir, thus it has not formed the fish resources of some economic value. The present research for reiated ecological water demand indicates that the minimum ecological water demand of rivers in a region generally shall be greater than or equal to the minimum natural flow in the low flow period of the dry year. In ,addition, the analysis of measured flom from Jiaokou Reservoir from 1794 to 2003 also shows that the measured minimum monthly average drain. flow in 30 years was 0.012m+/s (for details refer to table 4-3 "Statistical table of 250 total water flow from Jiaokou Reservoir in the months of past years" and this indicates that the situation of almost discontinuous flow has happened to this river in the previous years. In respect of present situation of aquatic ecosystem, the reach between Jiaokou reservoir and Tashanyan dam has less ecological water demand. After completion of the project, the Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou reservoirs jointly put into operation have functions of not only ensuring the water supply of 5OO,OOOm3/d to Ningbo city, but also adjusting the let-down flow rate in low flow season. After analysis of monthly let-down flow rate and average let-down flow rate before and after water adjustment under the conditions with different assurance factors, it is concluded that the min. let-down flow rate after adjustment is still 0.88m3/s in the low flow year (assurance factor p=90%). Considering the current situation of ecological protection in our country, the average flow rate of lowest flow months after adjustment under the condition of p=90% should be selected as the minimum ecological water demand, i.e. 0.88m3/s. The minimum ecological and environmental water demand will be the higher of minimum environmental water demand and minimum ecological water demand, that is 0.88m3!s. Meanixhile, the value is also the minimum let-down flow rate of the reservoir. When performing the balance calculation of the project, the water consumption of intakes between Jiaokou and Tashanyan reservoirs (i.e., 10000m3/d ) has been taken into account, therefore, the amount of water will flow downward as the compensation water, equivalent to 0.1 lm3/s. Actually, the minimum moth-average let-down flow rate of Jiaokou reservoir should be the sum of above mentioned min. ecological and environmental water demand of 0.88m3/s and intakes' compensation flow rate of 0.1 lm3/s, i.e., 0.99 m3/s. This value is equivalent to 11. I % of yearly average flow rate of 8.9m3/s. Therefore, after completion of this project, the let-down flow rate can meet the ecological and environmental water demand of downstream river course. 9.3.2.4impact on water environment of river course in the lower reaches Under the two design. conditions and at different distances from Jiaokou Reservoir, the prediction calculation results and evaluation results of the simulated river section water quality shows that: The water quality of reaches downstream of Jiaokou reservoir is mainly controlled by sewage drainage from Zhangshui town. Under the current situation of sewage drainage,, there are functional areas exceeding class 11 limits. If the total sewage drainage decreases 25%, the water quality of reach between Jiaokou and Tashanyan reservoirs can meet the requirement of class II water. After completion of the project, current water quality can be maintained basically through joint adjustment of reservoirs and assurance of certain let-down flow rate. If it is intended to make the water quality of functional areas not exceeding the class 11 limit, only one solution is decreasing the total sewage.drainage. 25% decrease of total sewage drainage will make the water quality of reaches downstream of reservoir meet the class 11 limits for functional areas. 25% decrease is equivalent to collection and treatment of current waste water drainage and make it meet the requirements of Grade I discharge standard. In addition. according to the actual let-down flow rate data dunng 30 years after completion of Jiaokou reservoir, this study report defines the min. environmental flow rate of reach downstream of Jiaokou reservoir is 0.39m3/s which represents the actual flow rate of downstream reach in low flow season of dry year under current status. Based on the water quallty model above mentioned, when 0.39 m3/s is selected as the let-down flow rate of 251 reservoir before completion of the project, under the different conditions of current sewage drainage and 25% decrease (equivalent to discharge up to the standards at sewage drainage outlet of reach), the water quality of reach between Jiaokou and Tashanyan reservoirs has been calculated and forecasted. After comparing the water quality forecasted under the let-down flow rate of 0.39 m3/s before completion of the project with that under the let-down flow rate of 0.88 m3/s after completion of the project, it is observed that the water environment of downstream reach in low flow season will be improved to some extend after completion of the project by the joint adjustment of reservoirs, under the same sewage drainage condition, the water quality class of downstream reach after completion of the project will be the next higher class than that before completion of the project. 9.3.2.5 Impact on aquatic organisms of downstream reach and river beach & wetland According to the investigation and assessment on the aquatic organism status, comprehensive analysis combined with water diversion operation and dispatch modes shows that Zhangxi riverlet downstream of Jiaokou reservoir after completion of the water diversion project has less water exchange resulting to the decrease of species resources such as bottom fauna and adhesive-egg fish. Because the investigated reach is the mountainous river with short river head and rapid flow, resource of aquatic organism is poor, no valuable and rare aquatic animals and plants, no migration fish and spawning ground for fish, no fish resource with economic value. In addition, most animals are the biological group with short life cycle and early sexual maturity (procreation when one year old), which recoveries rapidly in the extreme environment with damaged resources. Therefore, water diversion of Jiaokou reservoir has less impact on the species resources of aquatic organism of Zhangxi riverlet upstream of Yanjiang river. In the scope of assessment, the reach (Zhangxi riverlet) upstream of Yanjiang river and Tashanyan dam is the mountainous river with short river head and rapid flow. The flow rate will obviously change along with the season change and water discharge of Jiaokou reservoir. There are riverbanks at both sides of Zhangxi riverlet, which have the bed material of gravel stone and coarse sand. The aquatic organism is poor and no continuous wetland resource. There.is. weed on parts of river beach and wetland, no cultivation yard, bird's habitat and transient's migration post. From the above analysis, it is concluded that the project has less impact on hydrological regime downstream, there is no mainly protected wetland in the assessed region. The project has less impact on the river beach and wetland by ensuring proper let-down flow rate. 9.3.2.6 impacet of water discharge on water environment Although the tide of main pollution receiving rivers makes pollutants easily diffuse in water, after completion of this project, 16 small water works with 240,000m3/d water catchment quantity will be shut down and the actual additional wastewater quantity of this project will be 187,000m3/d. Furthermore according to the overall urban development planning for Ningbo City, construction of a series of wastewater treatment plants is speeding up while this project is under construction, and Ningbo City's increased wastewater treatment capacity in 2008 will be able to receive the additional water return of this project. Therefore water return will have only small impact on water environment after completion of this project. 9.3.2.7 Impact of water purification plant sludge and wastewater discharge on water environment (I) Impact caused by sludge from the water purification plant 252 As the sludge produced from water treatment process of Maojiangping Water Purification Plant contains much water, it will undergo anhydration treatment first. Sludge will be delivered to sludge balancing tank and is dewatered by plate frame dewaterer. The dry sludge quantity of Maojiangping Water Purification Plant is 17.8t/d and sludge shed can store sludge for seven days with maximum storage being 124.6t. If the sludge is discarded in a random way, it will become potential pollution sources for surface water and ground water both in the near term and in the long term. However the sludge composition of water purification plant is different from that of wastewater treatment plant that basically contains no poisonous and harmful substances. It is stored in sludge shed and anti-seepage and anti-leakage measures are taken for sludge shed and irrational piling is avoided, thus it has small impact on the environment. The treated dry sludge is used as backfill or utilized for farmland after stabilization and non-harmful treatment. Due to stabilization and non-harmful treatment, dry sludge will have small impact on soil environmtent. Dry sludge shall be rationally piled and not allowed to cover vegetation, otherwise it will affect ecological environment. The project plans to dewater the sludge to greatly decrease the output of it. Because the sludge does not contain the toxic and harmful rnatters, resource recycle and comprehensive utilization should be considered firstly when the dewatered sludge is treated. The recycled sludge is intended to be used for producing brick after mixing and hardening procedures and used as muck for pavement of road and filling for farmland. The surplus will be used as covering soil for landfill of refuse. The balance of sludge should be placed properly. The resource utilization of dehydrated sludge is active. The water purification plant should contact with appropriate factories such as local brick and tile factory as early as possible to find out the ways of integrated utilization. For the surplus as covering soil for landfill of refuse, the receiving agreement also should be signed and define the safe and reliable transportation plan to avoid secondary pollution. (2) Environmental impact caused by waste water from the water purification plant The waste water from water purification plant mainly consists of backwash water from filter basin and sludge discharging water from settling basin in production process, and the domestic waste water. In which, the production wastewater is 13900m3 /d including the backwash water of 7900 m3/d and process waster water of 6000m3/d from the settling basin, the domestic wastewater is about 30 m3/d. The main pollutant contained in the production waste water is SS. There is no any other toxic and harmful matter in it. According to the analogy investigation to Ningbo Beilun water treatment plant which has the similar purification treatment processes and its water source is the Hengshan reservoir, the water quality of drainage after sludge discharging treatment contains 70 mg/l SS and 73 mgl COD, the backwash water in the plant is reused as the water source, that means its quality is better than the quality of process waster water after sludge.dewatefing treatment of settling basin. For the domestic waste water, it is planned to adopt the small buried sewage treatment device. Considering the acceptable water treated by the device in winter can not be obtained, the environmental assessment study suggests applying the motor waste water treatment facilities. After the appropriate treatment, the water quality can reach the grade I limits specified in the ((Integrated wastewater discharge standard)' XGB8978-1996) . the tail water should be reused for greening of mountainous land, the surplus should be conveyed to the river course (Xiaoxigang) outside of plant through the pipeline. Xiaoxigang is a mountainous 253 along river with short river head, rapid flow and sudden change of water level, its flow rate changes obviously with the season change. At ordinary times, the riverlet has lower flow rate even dries up in the summer. However, the flow rate will increase greatly when flood occurs. It has the main functions of flood discharge and irrigation, and is classified to class II function area. Additionally, there is no nearby sensitive point such as the protected drinking water source. The treated water reaching the standard in the project will have less effect on the water can quality of Xiaoxigang riverlet and can not make the water environment of water network worse. it also save complement the irrigation water consumption. However, in order to reduce the drainage of waste water and water resource, it is recommended to reuse the backwash water in the study. 9.3.2.8 Analysis of noise impact of water purification plant on surrounding environment Noise produced from operation of water purification plant is mainly the noise produced from operation of After various water pumps that are mostly arranged under the ground of structure or in the rooms of buildings. external sound insulation and vibration reduction treatment, the noise attenuates greatly when it transmits to environment. At the moment, noise is below 6OdB(A) and can be reduced for 2OdB(A) after 10 distance plant attenuation, thus it basically has no impact on the external acoustic environment of the water purification of (and sensitive villages near the water purification plant is 200m away from the plant). According to plarr layout plants are water purification plant, in-plant landscaping area is great and various trees, climbing plants and herbal of planted and building ornament is arranged to improve landscaping quality. On the interior of enclosing wall to plant area, shrubs with strong absorption are arranged to form an isolated area. These measures are conducive the reduction of noise impact on surrounding environment. 9.3.2.9 Assessment of environmental risk caused by chlorine and ammonia leakage After The main cause of risks and accidents occurred in the water purification plant is failure of equipments. been search in available data, it is found that almost no chlorine (ammonia) leakage in water purification plant has accidents is reported. That means the water purification equipments is reliable and stable. The additional cause for so the improper operation. However, the water purification plant general employs the automatic dosing devices, water in the improper operation risk also can be avoided. Because of the longer conveyance distance of clean ammonia project, after comparison and demonstration, it is acknowledged that application of chlorine and sterilization is reasonable to ensure the effectiveness of sterilization. 9.3.2.10 Pipeline's affectfon on water quality and cross The water distribution pipeline in this project is mainly tunnel. The laid steel pipe will be used when will the flat sections. The water quality during the transmission will not be affected because there is no pollutants be solved from the rock of the tunnel. 9.3.2.11 Analysis of impact on Tashan Weir Tashanyan dam is located across the Zhanxihe river and a hydraulic structure with special value of cultural relic. As a hydraulic structure, the special location and structure make it with the functions of "obstructing seawater and accumulating freshwater, discharging flood and carrying irrigation water". During construction of season this project, any structure of Tashanyan dam should not be changed. However, the water upstream of flood dam becomes less, the duration and flow rate passing Tashanyan dam will decrease, its flood discharging function 254 is weakened. More water from upstream of the dam will be obstructed to access Yanxi region for irrigation. The function of obstructing seawater will not change at all. Therefore, the project will have less effect on Tashanyan's hydraulic functions. According to the water resource verification report of the project, the balance calculation for the water diversion project includes 10000 m3/d water consumption from every intakes between Jiaokou reservoir and Tashanyan dam and water compensation for irrigation of Yanxi plain. The two kinds of water from the reservoir will flow down to the intakes and downstream Yanxi river network through river courses. In addition, in the 1OOkm2 catchment area between Jiaokou reservoir and Tashanyan dam, there are a series of small riverlets flowing into Zhanxihe river, the min. moth-average let-down flow rate in low water year (P=90%) will reach 0.88m3/s. Thus, the project will not have more effect on its landscaping. 9.4 Public precipitation This public investigation was conducted through local people's government and by using various forms, e.g. issuance of questionnaire, random enquiry, talk, publication (bulletin) etc. to solicit suggestions and opinions from various social circles directly or indirectly related to this project, such as government officials (including NPC, CPPCC), township (village) cadres, enterprise workers, peasants and teachers, and extensively collect record of consultation and opinion exchange, and of public participation, between respective design institute, builder, construction organization and local government during engineering exploration, design and construction. The final feedback result shows: the public in the assessed region is very concerned about this project and has relatively strong environmental protection consciousness. The responders for this public participation represent different social strata and the result shows that most mass stand up for, approve and support this project construction. As a social public welfare project, this project will play an important role in meeting and promoting Ningbo's economic and social development and extending water supply range, improving the living standard of the residents in urban and rural areas in Ningbo City and improving the safety degree of urban water supply system. It is suggested to compensate the economic loss caused by relocation of residents and land requisition, well carry out pollution prevention and control work in construction period and rationally and effectively utilizing construction capital. 9.5 The feasibility from the angle of environment the project will meet the requirements for the economical and social. development of Ningbo City and the increasing demand on water supply. It will improve the water supply quality and the living level of the urban and rural area of Ningbo City; improve healthy of residential; enhance safety level of the urban water supply system; effectively utilizes the function and economic benefits of other project; It will helps the sustainable development in economy, society and environmental with its' good economnical benefits, social benefits and enyironmental benefits. A certain adverse effect exists during project construction, for example, some pollution exists in construction period. But these pollution impacts are local and temporary and can be basically brought under control and be mitigated after environmental management is strengthened and appropriate measure is taken. during the operation period the water quality of lower reach river of reservoir may decline, thus the rational 255 distribution of reservoir water need to be prepared as to minimize this kind of impact. In general the positive effect is major, and negative impact is minor and local. The construction of this project is feasible from the angle of environment. 9.6 Suggestions ( I ) This project can improve supply water quality and safety degree, satisfy, at the same time its operation can reduce the water environmental capacity of upriver, the suggestion is that Yinzhou and Zhangxi region of upriver be retrieved by consider the angle of Regional balance. For example, implement and construct wastewater treatment facility project as soon as possible. ( 2 ) Through rational regulation of the two serially linked reservoirs Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou, well deal with project water utilization process and water quality balance problem, meet the requirement of all water users and improve water utilization factor. (3) Try to perfect and implement corresponding urban wastewater treatment plant project as soon as possible to eliminate impact of water discharge generated from water supply on water environment. (4 ) local governmental sectors shall coordinate the relation between econormic development and environmental protection, control the construction of polluting industrial enterprises in reservoir area and on the two banks of river in the lower reaches to prevent reservoir and river water quality deterioration. It is suggested to define and adjust drinking water source protection zone of Zhougongzhai Reservoir and Jiaokou Reservoir and strengthen environmental protection management work to ensure the implementation of various water resource protection measures. (5) During the project implementation period take the system of environmental monitoring, in order to reduce the impact of environmental impact in construction pefiod. 25b Examiniation and Approval Registration Form of Construction Project Environmental Protection Filling-in organization (seal): Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Filling-in person (signature): Project undertaker(signature): P_olect na_i e Ningbo City Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou Reservoir Water Diversion Construction location Ningbo City and Urban Waster Supply Ring Network Project Construction location_Ningbo_ _ _ _ _ Construction A 500 000mIl/d water catchment tower is built in Jiaokou Reservoir, Nature of scale and a 500,000m'/d water purification plant is built in Maojiaping. construction Class of Class of environmental indu.try Municipal infrastructure p Report industry .protection Constr-uc management tnon Environmental Project Total 1,400,00,000 Yuan protection investment 1832 Percentage 1.3 imvestment. . (100OOOYuan) (%) Project Time of initialization National Development and Reform Commission Registered number of FGTZ(2004)No. 1101 project 2003.6.14 department . approval; initialization Examnnation and appmval S E P A Registered number of Time of Envinonmen tal Protection Administration apoa;apoa departmentdepariiien oftifState .approval; approval __ _ report _ .______Organization Ninbo Water Supply Company Tel: 0574-27878611 Organization Chinese Research Academy of Tel: 010-84915436 0574-87288406 name Assess_name Environmental Sciences Commilnicati No 180 Yonggang South Road, Postcode 315040 ment Communicati No.8, Dayangfang, Beiyuan, Anwai, Postcode 100012 BLuildeI on address Ningbo City organi on address Beijing ... Corpor ate Contact zation Certificate Evaluation representiativ Zhang Qinghao Lpersoni Wenbo Non GHPZJZ No. 1001 expenditure 300,000 Yuan Present Environment Ambient air: GB3095-1996 grade 2 Surface water: GB3838-2002 Class 11,111, Ground water: Environmental noise: water purification plant GB3096-93 Class I envioro al quality Seawater Soil: Others: ental grade conidition of the Characteristi where c of ? Drinkinig water source protection zone ?Nature reserve ?Famous scenic spot ?Forest park ?Protective zone of basic farmland ? Ecological function protection zone envifonimienit ' Key water and soil erosion prevention and control zone ?Ecological sensitivity and weakness zone ?Densely inhabited district ?Key historical and cultural sites under government l poin actal protection * Acid rain control zone ?Taihu Lake ?The Three Gorges reservoir region project Is sensnxvny 2 loicated __ _._._ (already built + being built and (planned) Over___Overalproject c + lanned) Regional F.xisting project (already built + being built) This project ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~DrivingPbalance . _ __ Predicted Verified the old with Predictid Verified Discharge Altebnative Actual Perniissible Verified Predicted Permissible increment quantity of Quantity of On total total ,. total total Poisehaine dischatotel total discharge discharge icag n euto quantity of dshre icage the new" icag dischare and reduction disciiiitgeconcentratiddischargege.oncestratie. quantity coiicentrationentntai production reduction dischar geQdieuantity L conictntrat quantity quantity quantity decremtent on ononityquantity coce0rl ion on ~~~~quantity oonreduction 508.4 +508.4 w, _=508.4 r = 0 508.4 wasle Wate l 371.5 +371.5 Cbemilical oxygeti <100 100 373.7 2.2 371.5 _ dernand*_ Pet ro leuLnl _ L Waste gas r =- _ _8roke ~dust- Industrial dust' *_____ 0.62 0.62 0 _0 0 __ _I_Ndusial solId was-te*--=---- Characteristic PIt9luatI ______plollutlant )_2_ during the Tenth Fiver Year Plan period. is the pollutant for which total quantity control is carried out by the State 2. Discharge increment and decrement: (+) increase, (-) decrease. waste -l0,000t/y; quantity of waste gas -10,000 normal m3; emission quantity of industrial solid 3. Measuremrnent unit: discharge quantity of wastewater -10,OOOt/y; emission 3 -t/y. ; discharge quantity of water pollutant -t/y; discharge quantity of air pollutant discharge concentration of water pollutant -mg/I; air pollutant discharge density-mg/m 258 I lV 5 It I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~