ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT REPORT
Public Disclosure Authorized FOR
THE SECOND PHASE OF BEILUNGANG THERMAL POWER PLANT PROJECT
i~~~~~~~~~~-it Public Disclosure Authorized Vo L
MARCH, 1993 Public Disclosure Authorized
ZHEJIANG PROVINCIAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND
EAST CHINA ELECTRICAL POWER DESIGN INSTITUTE Public Disclosure Authorized 'I,
Contents J. Introduction 1X. Basis and Principles in the Assessment 2.1 Aims of the Assessment 2.2 The Foundation of the Assessment 2.3 China's Policy and Regulations regarding Environment Assessment 2.4 Standards of the Assessment 2.5 Scope of Assessment 2.6 The Emphasis of Assessment and Major Projection Objects II. Introductionto the Construction 3.1 Project Background 3.2 Project Scale 3.3 Project Site Selection 3.4 Introductionto Phase I Project 3.5 Electricity Production Process Flow 3.6 Fuel 3.7 Water Sources and Consumption 3.8 Occupied Area and Staffing of the BTPP IV. Introduction to Local Environment 4.1 The Overall Plan of Ningbo City and the Geographic Location of the Project 4.2 Natural Environment 4.3 The Local Social Environment 4.4 Pollution Sources Around the BTPP V. The Present Conditions of the Quality of Regional Environment 5.1 The Present Conditions of the Quality of Atmospheric Environment 5.2 The Present Conditions of the Quality of Sea Water Environment 5.3 An Investigationof the Present Cultivation Conditions of the Marine Life, Fishery Resources and Shoal Algae in the Sea Area 5.4 The Present Conditions of the Quality of Noisy Environment. VI. Major Pollution Source & Potential Environmental Problems 6.1 Analysis of Major Pollution Sources 6.2 Potential Environment Problems VII. Influence of Construction upon the Environment
7.1 The Assessment of the Quality of Atmosphere 7.2 An Analysis of the Impact on Water Environment Quality in the Sea Area 7.3 An Analysis of the Influence on the Aquatic Organisms 7.4 An Analysis of the Environmental Influence o' the Ash Storage Yard 7.5 An Analysis of the Influence of Noise on the Environments VIII. Anti-Pollution Policy and Environmental Protection Investment Analysis 8.1 Measures to Prevent Flue Gas Pollution 8.2 Disposal of Production Waste Water and Domestic Sewage 8.3 Comprehensive Utilisation of Ash / Slag 8.4 Measures against Noise Pollution 8.5 Measures against Major Accidents in Operation 8.6 Afforesting the Power Plant Area 8.7 Plan for Environmental Monitoring 8.8 An Analysis of Investment on Environmental Protection IX. Public Involvement and Opinion 9.1 The Historical Development of the Region where the Power Plant Is to Be Built 9.2 Summary of Speeches Made by the Deputies of the People's Congress X. Conclusions and Suggestions 10.1 General Background of the Environment 10.2 The Environmental Impact of the Project 10.3 Anti-pollution Policy Figure 3-1 The Layout of Plant Area of Phase I & [I Projects Figure 3-2 Flow Diagram of Power Plant Electricity Generation Figure 4-1 The Geographic Location of Beilungang Power Plant in Zhejiang Figure 4-2 *The Location of Phase II Project Construction Area Figure 4-3 Rose Diagram of Wind Velocity and Direction in Beilungang Area Figure 5-1 Distribution of Sampling Points For the Sea Area and Atmosphere
Figure 5-2 Distribution of S02 Concentration Figure 5-3 Distribution of NOKConcentration Figure 5-4 Distribution of TSP Concentration Figure 5-5 The Location of Marine Life Sampling Station Figure 5-6 The layout of Environmental Noise Measuring Points at the Boundary of the Plant Area Figure 5-7 The Arrangement of Measuring Points for Generating Units Noise Figure 6-1 Flow Chart Showing Waste Water Treatment During Normal Production Figure 6-2 Flow Chart Showing Waste Water Treatment During Infrequent Production Figure 6-3 Flow Chart Showing Waste Water Treatment During Boiler Acid Cleaning Figure 6-4 Flow Chart Showing Waste Water Treatment During Ash Yard Water Discharge Figure 6-5 Flow Chart Showing Oil-laden Waste Water Treatment Figure 7-1 Distribution of SOI Surface Concentration When the Atmosphere Appears Unstable Figure 7-2 Distribution of SO Surface Concentration When the Atmosphere Appears Neutral Figure 7-3 Distribution of SO Surface Concentration When the Atmosphere Appears Stable Figure 7-3a Location of Routine Monitoring Station of Air Quality in Ningbo Urban District Figure 7-4 Using the Meteorological Data of Aug. 24'86 To Predict the Distribution of Daily Mean Concentration of S02 Figure 7-5 Using the Meteorological Data of Jan. 19'89 To Predict the Distribution of Daily Mean Concentration of SO Figure 7-6 A Sketch Map Showing the Water Area Used in the Calculation Figure 7-7 Verification of the Tidal Range, Tidal Flow and COD during Summer Figure 7-8 The Distribution of Rate of Flow in the Plane During Flooding and Ebbing Tides Figure 7-9 Verification of the Tidal Range and the Tidal Flow During Winter Low Tide Pigure 7-10 A Curve Showing the Guarabtee Rate of the Tidal Range at Zhenhai Station Figure 7-11 Temperature Rise around the Water lntake Both Vertically and Horizontally Figure 7-12 The Isotherm During Low Tide Figure 7-13 The Duration Curve of Temperature Rise at Different Points Figure 7-14 The Location of Temperature Rise Points for Comparison During Typhoon Period Figure 7-15 Distribution of CODN,Maxima Figure 7-16 Distribution of PH Maxima when the Ash Dyke Overflows (Phase I & II Projects) Figure 7-17 A Plan View Showing the Hydrological and Geological Conditions at the Ash Yard of Beilungang Power Plant Figure 7-18 A Cross-section of the Aquifers under the Ash Yard of Beilungang Power Plant Figure 7-19 Distribution of Chlorine Ion Contents in the Pressure-bearingWater in the 2nd Stratum under Ningbo Figure 7-20 Loudness Contour of Predicted Noises Table 2-1 Quality Standards of Atmospheric Environment Table 2-2 Sea Water Quality Standards Table 3-1 Quality of Coal from Northern Shanxi Table 3-2 Coal Consumption for Phase I & II Table 3-3 Fresh Water Consumption for Phase I & II Table 5-1 Statistic Data of Low Altitude Temperature Inversion in Two Seasons in the Beilun Table 5-2 Monitoring Data of Air Quality in Ningbo Table 5-3 Assessment Results of Air Quality in Assessment Area Table 5-4 The Functional Region Represented by the Atmosphere Sampling Spots Table 5-5 Contents and Methods Used in Testing Atmospheric Status Table 5-6 Summary of the Monitoring Results of the Environmental Quality of the Atmosphere in Summer of 1991 when the Units Are not in Operation Table 5-7 Summary of the Monitoring Results of the Environmental Quality of the Atmosphere in Winter of 1991 when One Unit Is in Operation Table 5-8 Summary of the Monitoring Results of the EnvironmentalQuality of the Atmosphere in Winter of 1992 when the Units Are Shut Down Table 5-9 Summary of the Monitoring Results of the EnvironmentalQuality of the Atmosphere in the Third Phase Project Table 5-10 A Comprehensive Summary of Wind Direction and Wind Speed at Beilungang Power Plant Table 5-11 Monitoring Data of Water Quality in Sea Area between Xiapu and Zhitou in Ningbo Table 5-12 Monitoring Data of Heavy Metals, Phenol and Cyanide in Seawater Table 5-13 Monitoring Data of Sediment Content in Sea Area of Ningbo Table 5-14 Monitoring Data of Bottom Mud Quality in IntertidalRange in Ningbo City Table 5-15 Statistical Data of Sea Water Quality along the Coast of Beilungang Power Plant
Table 5-16 Statistical Data of Sea Water along the Coast at the Ash Yard for Phase [I Project
Table 5-17 Assessment of Composition of Marine Life in the Sea Area
Table 5-18 Assessment of the Quantity and Concentration of Marine Life in the Sea Area
Table 5-19 Equipment Noise Measurement Data
Table 5-20 Workshop Noise Measurement Data
Table 5-21 Environmental Noise Measurement Data at Plant Site Boundary Area
Table 6-1 Project Basic Data Review
Table 6-2 Quantity of Class-1 Waste Water in Phase I & 1I Projects
Table 6-3 Quantity of Class-2 Waste Water
Table 7-1 Contents of Observations on Climatic Pollution during Phase I Project Construction
Table 7-2 The Frequency of Occurrence of Sea Wind and Land Wind in Beilun Area
Table 7-3 Wind Speed Profile Index
Table 7-4 Frequency of Occurrence of Temperature Inversions and Heights during Observation Period
Table 7-5 The Intensity of Flue Gas Emission Sources at Beilungang Power Plant
Table 7-6 Atmospheric Diffusion Parameters while the Wind is Blowing toward the Shore
Table 7-7 Atmospheric Diffusion Parameters while the Wind is Blowing along the Shore
Table 7-8 Deviation Angle of Wind Direction to Be Taken into Consideration
Table 7-9 The Average Wind Speed and the Effective Height of Flue Gas under various Stability States Table 7-10 The Distribution of Surface Concentration under Various Stability States after the Completion of Phase I & ll Projects Table 7-11 Normal Monitoring Results of the Atmosphere in Ningbo in 1990 Table 7-12 Meteorological Data Used in the Calculations of Daily Mean Concentration Table 7-13 Using Meteorological Data of Aug. 24, 1986 in the Calculation of Daily Mean Concentration for Analysis Table 7-14 Using Meteorological Data of Jan. 19, 1987 in the Calculation of Daily Mean Concentration for Analysis Table 7-15 Results of Predicting the Surface Concentration of Heavy Smoke under the Hot Inner Boundary Layer Table 7-16 Comparisons of Surface Concentration of Coals with Different Sulphur Contents Table 7-17 Comparison of surface Concentration of SO) between Single Chimney and Cluster Type Clhimney 2
Table 7-18 Distributio of Surface Concentration of SO2 due to Cumulative Effect of Flue Gas Emission from BTPP and ZPP Table 7-19 The Maximum Allowable Concentration of Atmospheric Pollution in the Protection of Crops Table 7-20 Distribution of Surface Concentration due to Cumulative Flue Gas Emissions from Both Beilungang and Zhenhai Power Plants Table 7-21 The Maximum Allowable Concentration of Atmospheric Pollutants in the Protection of Crops Table 7-22 Temperature Rise Area at Various Time of Different Tidal Patterns Table 7-23 Maximum Temperature Rise Area at Different Spots Table 7-24 Comparison of Temperature Rise with Typhoon and without Typhoon Table 7-25 The Chemical Composition of Ashes and Slags of Phase-I Project Table 7-26 The Distribution of Grain Size of Ash Particles of Phase-I Project Table 7-27 The Average Grain Size of Ashes of Phase-l Project Table 7-28 The Quality of Water at the Discharge Outlet of Ash Yards of Some Power Plants Table 7-29 Results of Ash/Slag Soaking Test of Phase-[ Project Table 7-30 The SS Values of Ash Water of Phase I Project Obtained from Different PrecipitationTime I . I it t lrodtct i on
Z7hej i ang Prov i nce i s one rr de%-e I oped reeg i otis i n coas ta I a rea of Ctlitia. For a Itong t illt!,* tlie shortnI re o*Ct elc trical power has restric ted the develitenouot iof economy and t Ihe incre.ase of tiolliestic coinsumpt ion level of e lectriei ty iln I he reg ioin. [it order toi chatng,e the situiation. the Zhejiing F.lec trical Power Bureatt has suggested the Zheiia,ng electrical power clevelopmenlt project wlhichi aims at eco1oIIinizat ion Onl power and s im I taneotts deve I opmen t of tlie cons t tuct i or or power soitt. es and pnover transmission network. The project incldtcies thle phase I I project of Bei In Por t Power Plan t. Wanijiiati-men Heat and Power Plant project. the development of transim'ission line of 500 kv main power transmission network of Zhejiang Province and the transmission of grid system in HangzhoU CitY and Ningbo) City.
The Beilun Port District has favourable conditions for the constrtictinn of large scale modern thermal powver plant. The district is one of the areas to be further opened to the otitside world approved by the Central Government. It is characterised by a more than 10 kilometres long deep water coastline with broad hinterIand where air. land and water communication lines led to all ports or Chinia. And the investiment iti enlargement of existing poweer plant is lower than that in construction of a new one in other district and it will be put into operation in a short tinie. The land used for the construction of the Phase 11 project was reserved in the construction of Phase I project of Beitlunt Port Power Plant. The need of the Phase II project was considered in the constrtLctioni of special pturpose port. fresh water stuplpIy system. cooling wvater supply and discharge system, waste water treatment system. corresponding anxiliary production facilities and welfare facilities for the Phase I project. Therefore. a large power plant in Beilun Zone is essential for the rapid development of the Zone providing more power supply itn East China and enhatncingn the econonmic development in Zhejian, and East China.
The preparation of Phase I Project started in eairly 80s. The former Ministry of Electric Power ordered the design of a suagested power plant in Beilun Port area. East Clhina Electric Power Design lnstit'ute submittecd "The Feasibil-ity Study Report on Beilurigang Power Plant" in september 1934. According to the state plan, with a total su--ested capacity of 2400 MW and 2 x 600 MW units for Phase I. The Powver Plant Enivironimerital Protection Research Institute of the Ministry of Ener,y had carried out extensive pollut ion meteornlog ical observations and proliferation the sea irn Beilun area in summer & winter 1986 and early summer 1987; and sth'biitted "The Assessment of I rnpact of Bie i ting-angPow-r PJlant on Atmospher ic Env. i ronmen Si' iin Noveinher . 1987. UWhi ch lad passed experts verification in .Juine. 1989.
I In Aigliist 1991'. Z.lejiarl.n Provinciial Elf-ctriVi Po,wer [Ill;t!aiz
(ZPEPB1) camne up w i tIt tle su.gcs ted vrc;jcv O rf Phase I 1 ror BTPP and the BTPP Construe t ion Cowpanly en trus. Ied iast ei lina Electric Powet Designt Inst i tIIte (IWE PD I w i Ell tlI' Env i ronme Ltat Prntect iin Hese,rcih Inst i tiiI e as *reI as H:CEPDI joinitly assessed thle impact o f Pha.se It Project on t he env ironiiierit.
According to state's (locttmltnt No. (86) 003 and the environinenital protection adniinistrati(n's recqiremelnt. t he "Otttline for the Assessment of Impact of BTPP Phase [[ tin the Environinent" was submitted intApril 1992 and passed tihe examinationi of the National Environmental Protection Bureatu. The assessmnent was focussed on the impact of smoke, gas, Wzarlll water discharge and ash sluicing water on atmospheric and sea environment. incILiding an analysis of noise arid sudden fauct. Through field measurements data collection, similar cases investigations and simulation experiments. etc. The assessment report was completed.
Other institutions participating in the assessment are: Zhejiang Estuarine & Coastal Construction Research Institute, Zliejiang Environment Mlonitoring Center. Nin-bo Environment NJonitoring Station, Zhejiang Marine Aquatic Products Research Institute. National No. 2 Oceanography Resear-ch Institute. etc.
2 [I. Basis and Principles in the Assessment 2.1 Objectives of the Assessment This assessment is a project assessment, its report provides the present environmental quality of the said area by monitoring and investigating the continentaL and maritime environment around the planned BTPP and predicts the possible scope and seriousness of impact on local environment due to pollutants brought about from the specific project to be completed: the report also assesses the feasibility of Phase II in the light of environmental protection, thus proposing methods of control; at the same time, the assessment will be fed back to the take project design, providing scientific basis for the power plant to take adequate measures to control pollution as well as for the government consider and decide. 2.2 The Basis of Report Preparation 2.2.1 Document No. (86) OU3 entitled: 'Administrative Measures for Environmental Protection in Construction Projects' issued by National Environmental Protection Commission, Planning Commission and Economic Commission regarding scope and contents of assessment, preparation procedure, power limit of examination and approval, etc. 2.2.2 Environment During Construction Document No. (88) 117 issued by the National Environmental Protection Bureau entitled "Some Measures Concerning Environmeatal Administration for Construction Projects". Regarding construction projects shall inplement a system of examination and approval for environmental impact and the procedure , therefore, speeding up the preparation of report and improving report quality, etc. 2.2.3 Energy Resources Safety Assurance Document No. (1990) 199 entitled "Regulations Concerning the Compilation of Outlines for the Assessment of Impact of Power Plant Projects on Environment (on trial)". Regarding the strengthening of pre-project environmental protection for thermal power construction projects; improving assessment quality so that it may follow the projects; improving assessment quality so that it may follow the prescribed specificationand may finally be standardized, etc. 2.3 China's Policy and Regulations related to Environment Assessment In September 1979, "Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China (Proposed)"was issued, stiv'ulating explicitly the 3 requirements of "Assessment of Environmental Impact" 3 things brought about at the same time 'and 'Changes shall be paid for discharging polluted sewage water". 3 According to the law. 'The report on environmental impact of construction projects' must contain the assessment of pollution produced by the project, its impact and protective measures to be taken; it shall be examined by the department in change of the project and be approved by Environmental Protection Administrative Department in accordance with the procedures. Only after the approval of the report, can the planning department approve the design assignment of the project." 2.4 Standards of the Assessment
2.4.1 GB3095-82 is applied as the quality standard of atmospheric environment; According to atmospheric environment function zoning and control targets in Ningbo City, the target of air quality in most areas of the city is to meet the second class of the standard, and that in Zhenhai Petrochemical District and Bellun Industrial District is to meet the third class of the standard. At present, the air quality in Beilun District can meet the first to second class of the standard. Since the area where this project is located is in the countryside and industrial development area, Grade II Standard is adopted; refer to Table 2-1. Table 2-1 Standards of Atmospheric Environment Quality Concentration limit, mg/Nm3 Pollutants Sampling time Grade II Standard
total suspended daily mean 0.30 particles,TSP any time' 1.00
SO2 daily mean 0.15 any time 0.50 Nitrides and daily mean 0.10 Oxides, NOx any time 0.15 anyE time is te concenrtio limit which can not b exceeded in any time sampling and analysis. When it is the real sampling, the sampling times are determined by local environmentalprotection department according to the local air pollution level, including TSP, over years. Therefore. each time sampling process is defined as any time. 2.4.2 GB3097-82 is applied as the quality standards of sea area. According to a letter, Zhejiang Environmental Protection Bureau regarding "Standards to be applied in assessing environmental protection of Beilungang Power Plant Phase II Project" Grade I Standard is applied to the sea area 2 Km off coast of the plant site and Grade II Standard to the sea area within 2 Km.
4 Table 2-2 Sea Water Quality Standards (GB3097-82) Class I Class 11 PH 7.5 -- 8.4 7.3 -- 8.8 oxygen consumption < 3 mg/I (4 mg/i temperature less than 4°C above the local temperature then oil 0.05 mg/I 0.10 mg/l inorganic nitrogen 0.10 mg/I 0.20 mg/l inorganic phosphorus 0.015 mg/i 0.03 mg/l
2.4.3 The standard for the emission of pollutants from the power plant into the air is GB13223-91; according to the same letter as stated in paragraph 2.2.2. the power plant is treated as new construction, modification or extension in the assessment. 2.4.4 The standard for noise at the boundary of power plant is GB12348-90. According,to the same letter as stated in paragraph 2.4.2, the BTPP belongs to Class III--65 dB(A) for daytime and 55 dB(A) at night. 2.5 Scope of Assessment On land: 10 Km within the radius of the chimney, that is, about 200 Km2 in area, extending 30 Km in the direction of Ningbo City properly.
At sea: 6 Km long between Beilunshan (east) and Xia5huangmao (west), 3 Km wide between north and south, about 18 Km sea area. Noise: The plant site proper and neighbouring residential areas. 2.6 The Emphasis of Assessment and Major Protected Objects 2.6.1 Emphasis of Assessment The emphasis is laid upoIl the impact on atBospheric and maritime environment, including an analysis of cinder and ash and noise.
5 2.6.2 Major Protected Objects
Xinqi Town to the southeast including its inhabitants and cultivations around the Power Plant site, the seat of Beilun District Government. and Ningbo City proper.
Since the major crops in this area are paddy rice and cotton, they are sensitive to fluorides, the fluoride emitted from the flue gas is not a major impact to the crops. therefore. in this report such impact has not been mentioned.
6 111. Introduction to the Construction 3.1 Project Background Zhejiang Province is located in the economically developed Changijang River Delta. since the implementation of reformation and opening to the outside world. Zhejiang's economy is developing rapidly. But, long term power shortage has restricted the further development of economy and the raising of domestic power consumption level, therefore, the construction of large power plant in Zhejiang Province will ease the power shortage in that region to certain extent; the rapid development of power industry will help promote the economic development. All this has practical meaning. Beilun Electric Power and Water Conservancy Economics Research Institute has used a computer program approved by the World Bank to make power source optimization studies on Zhejiang's power plant construction scheme and has submitted a report entitled 'Zhejiang Province's Power Sources Optimization Verification Report' which states that based on a study made concerning the optimized expansion plan of the power generation system and electric network in East China (3 provinces and 1 city), Beilungang Power Plant Phase II project is economically competitive after comparing various power plant sites in the whole Zhejiang and East China electric network and that if Phase II project can be commissioned on schedule, remarkable economic results can be obtained in the development of national economy in both Zhejiang and East China area. 3.2 Project Scale The total installed capacity for Phase I and Phase II projects is 2.400 MW (4 x 600 MW). Both phases involve 2 x 600 MW condensing coal-burning generator units. For Phase II, a large ash yard. a coal wharf. anothertwasto_iaLerj treatment facility-with the same size an-Jethol __ as in Phase I, and ao ther l-obasi.n-.-firte'rf.on tnn p- _EhaselIj oiLsteptoLwiJlJ. -be-bui44-t- The total investment for Phase II is about RMD 3.35 billion. The plan view for both phases is shown in Fig. 3-1. 3.3 Location Phase II project is located in the area already requisited for Phase I project. 3.4 Introduction to Phase I
7 3.4.1 Briefings The construction of the first 600 MW generator unit started in April 1988. It started operation in April 1991. The second unit started construction in Oct. 1990 and is to start operation by the end of 1993. Affiliated construction included a 30--35 thousand ton special berth for unloading coal, a 3000-ton-heavy-dytyberth, an ash yard with a storage capacity of 6.4 million m , a fresh water supply system, a circulating water supply and discharge system. a disposal system for various kinds of waste water, living quarters and welfare facilities. 3.4.2 Coal Supply and Consumption for Phase I As required in the design assignment by the State Planning Commission, BTPP burns coal from Northern Shanxi, which is rich in reserves, and coal from Shenfu and Dongsheng is as alternate type of coal. It is mostly highly-volatile long flame coal, which is ideal for power generation. An analysis of coal from Northern Shanxi is shown in Table 3-1. The quality of coal from Shenfu and Dongsheng is shown in Table 3- 2. The coal consumption for Phases I & II is shown in Table 3-3.
8 Table 3-1 Quality Analysis of Coal from Northern Shanxi Analysis of Weight Coal Percentage specitied coal minimum maximum Analysis of Elements C 58.6 50.9 65.27 H? 3.36 3.20 3.86 S 0.63 0.32 0.4 07 7.28 6.74 9.01 N2 0.79 0.58 0.79 Ash (A) 19.77 11.06 22.6 Water (W) 9.61 7.22 14.45 Industrial Analysis(as applied) Inflammable 22.02 21.5 25.84 Volatile (V) ._l Fixed Carbon 47.8 41.6 53.15 (C) Ash (A) 19.77 11.06 22.6 Water (W) 9.61 7.22 14.45 Low-heating 5360 4589 5909 value (Q7DM) Kcal/kg Hardgrove 54.81 50.3 58.0 Number
9 Table 3-2 Quality of coal from Shenfu and Dongsheng Analysis of coal unit specified coal Low-order thermal value Kcallks 5445 QYde ~~~~~~~~22.76 IndustrLal analysis KJ/kg Water content W % 14.00 Intrinsic water ctntent Wt X 8.49 Ash content A % 11.00 volatile content Inflammable radical X 36.44 Analysis of elements Carbon C % 60.33 Hydrogen HY X 3.62 Oxygen O % 9.94 Nitrogen N X 0.70 Sulfur S X 0.41 Hardgrove Number . 56
Table 3-3 Coal Consumption for phases I & II
Coal from Northern Shanxi Coal from Shenfu and Dongshe T/hr T/day 1000 T/hr T/day 1000 tons/ tons/
______~yr yr.-_. 2 x 600 MW 577.44 12703.68 375.34 548 12056 356.2 (Phase I) _ . _ 4 x 600 MW 1154.88 25407.36' 750.68. 1096 24112 712.4 (Phase I & II) . __.___'
3.4.3 The Chimneys for Phase I and Dust Removal X1o Boilers 1 & 2 for Phase I are each connected to chimney 240 m high and 7 m in internal outlet diameter. Both generator units are equipped with electrostatic precipitator with an efficiency of over 99.5%. 3.4.4 Water Sources for Phase I The BTPP is located to the south of Jintang water course. Therefore, the plant is short of fresh water but affluent in
10 sea water. The plant employs 2 water sdpply systems, one comes from fresh water and the other comes from sea water. The circulating cooling water for condensers. cooling water for water-water exchangers and vacuum pumps, ash sluicing water come from the sea; while boiler water, sealed cooling water, service water, and fire-fighting water, domestic water are fresh water.
The fresh water sources for phase I are Xinluao Reservoir and Yantai Reservoir. Qianmuao Reservoir was specially built to store water for the BTPP. Fresh water consumption for Phase I is shown in Table 3-4. Table 3-4 Fresh Water Consumption for Phase I & II Items 2 x 600 MW 4 x 600 MW Water for domestic 120 T/Hr 200 T/Hr use and dock Chemical water 130 T/Hr 260 T/Hr (include that for docks) Industrial water 380 T/Hr 600 T/Hr Others 170 T/Hr 190 T/Hr Total 800 T/Hr 1250 TJHr 19200 T/day 30000 T/Hr =6.912 million a = 10.8 million m a year a year
3.5 Electricity Generation Process Flow The process flow of the BTPP is shown in Fig 3-2 The process flow can be described as follows: Pulverized coal is burnt in the boilers to turn preheated water into high temperature high-pressure steam, which works in the turbines to propel the generators. A thermal power plant consumes large quantities of coal and water. Burning coal yields a lot of smoke, which contains sulphur dioxide and floating dust; it also turns out a lot of cinder. The resulting water after various uses is a complex mixture. For example, water from chemical treatment systems shows excessive PH: ash water shows excessive suspended substances and PH; the discharge of circulating water is a warm discharge; steam discharging is a strong noise source; etc. 3.6 Fuel According to the direction of the State Planning Commission,
11 Phase II uses the same coal as Phase I. Coal consumption for Phase II is shown in Table 3-3. 3.7 Water Source and Consumption The water source and supply method for Phase 11 remain the same as those for Phase 1. Fresh water consumption for Phase II is shown in Table 3-4.
The fresh water source for the BTPP is reliable and sufficient supply can be guaranteed. 3.8 Occupied Area and Staffing of the BTPP The plant occupies a total area of 818,000 m. Phase II will be completed as an extension of Phase I on the land already under requisition. The staffing for Phase I is 1700 persons. The Staffing for Phase II is 650 persons. The total number for 2,400 MW will be 2350 persons.
12 IV. [ntroduction to Local Environment 4.1 The Overall Plan of Ningbo City and the Location of the Project 4.1.1 The Overall Plan of Ningbo City The BTPP is located in Beilun Port area of Ningbo City, which is one of the key opening districts in China and an independentLy planned city. In November 1986, the State Council approved the - Overall Plan of Ningbo City ". according to which. Ningbo is to become a composite metropolis of independentproduction and living with the old urban area as the center and incorporationZhenhai and Beilun Development Zones. Beilun Development Zone is a national authorized opening area and will become a new large port for intercontinental entrepot trade and a port industrial base for power, building materials, ship building, and steel; a rear base for oil field in East China Sea, together with corresponding associated projects. 4.1.2 Geographic Location of the Project The BTPP is located on the east of Suanshan Village in Beilun. Ningbo, and to the south of Jintang water course from Hangzhou Bay. To its north, there is Jintang Island (Zhoushan City) across the sea; to its west, it is 1 Km from Suanshan Village, 9 Km from Zhenhai town hall, 2 Km from Quanmuao Reservoir, close to the petroleum docks of Zhejiang Refinery; to the east, it is 6.5 Km from ore transfer docks of Beilun Port. 4.5 km from Xinqi Town (Beilum District Government); to the south it is 27 km from the city proper (or 35 Km via water route). There are 1 port railway branch and 2 highways in Beilun. BTPP is situated at Lon. 121029' E and Lat. 29056'N (refer to Fig. 4-1 & 4-2 ), formerly belonging to Suanshan village of Gaotang Town and Yongfeng Villages. 4.2 Natural Environment 4.2.1 Climate The District is a typical subtropical monsoon zone, which is warm and wet, with a lot of rain and distinct seasons. In winter, it is cold because of northern cold and hot in summer because of subtropical high pressure. Since it is near the sea, there are obvious sea and land breezes. In summer and autumn, it is influenced by Pacific monsoon. During the typhoon period, strong wind and rain storms are frequent.
13 The major climatic informationis as follows (statisticstaken from the Paotan Hill nearby in 1971-80): Annual average barometric pressure: 1014.1 mb Annual average temperature: 16.3'C Annual average maximum temperature: 19.5C Monthly average maximum temperature: 31.4C (July) Monthly average minimum temperature: 2.50C (January) Annual relative humidity: 78% Annual average precipitation: 1276.7 mm Maximum daily precipitation: 145.2 mm Annual average wind speed: 5.5 mm Yearly dominant wind direction NW: (11%) Summer prevailing wind direction: ESE Winter prevailing wind direction: NW Perennial average evaporation: 1604.6 mm Annual average sunshine time: 1900 - 2100 hrs Annual average frost-free period: 235 day Fig. 4-3 is the rose diagram of wind speed and directions in Beilun Port Area. 4.2.2 Hydrology of the Sea The beach near the BTPP is located on the south of Jintang water course, which is contained by the features of the strait. The width and depth of the sea vary drastically, so that the local water flow is decided by the complex surface boundary and undulate underwater terrain. The flow reciprocates because of tides. with the flow lines of the maximum tide correspondingto the coastlines. To the north of the water course. there are Zhoushan Island and surroundingJintang, Daxie, Huangmang, Zhongzhu Islets,which serve as barriers against ocean surge. The major waves here are waves caused by local wind. The deep and rapid water course provides good water exchange during tides. There is non-regular semidiurnal tides in this area, with E-W flood tide and W-E ebb tide. According to Beilun Oceanographical Station, the average flooding time is 5.59 hours and the average ebbing time 6.23 hours. 4.2.3 Landforms The BTPP is situated in the west of the Beilun Hill bay silt plain. To the southeast, there are hills and islands, and to the northwest, seaside plain. The hills are mostly located south of Ningbo-Chuanshan highway and in Changshan-Daqi area; they are mostly below 400 m in height. The hills are densely covered by
14 vegetation, and with thick overburden. The seaside and riverside areas are all less than 6.3 m above the sea level (Wusong Datum). The flat terrain is crisscrossedby rivers and ponds. The slope to sea is less than 0.190; the ground is 1.9 -- 3.8 m above sea level. slightly lower than the flood tide. 4.2.4 Natural Resources of Beilun District The major fresh water source is the Yantai River System in which fish are raised at Xinqi and Daqi. The soils here include saline soil, tidal soil, paddy rice soil and laterites on the new neuritic sedimentary layer. The thick soil. rich in organic nutrient. is conducive to cotton production. The distribution of rice fields is mostly on the plain crisscrossed by river networks. The soil is sticky & heavy and is good for growing rice. The hills not only yield lumber, but also bamboo shoots, tea and peaches. In this area, there is no rare wild animals, nor is there any historical sites or cultural relics. The vegetation on the plain is mostly paddy rice and cotton, at the foot of the hills and hill slopes, there are mostly horse tail pine trees. Farmers usually raise pigs and poultry as a side line business. 4.3 The Local Social Environment The population of the Beilun District is 315,000 and the area covers 585.2 Km2. Beside the Beilun Port Docks, petroleum docks of the Petrochemical Complex and the BTPP, there are numerous village & town enterprises. The industrial and agricultural output value for 1990 was RMB 1.081 billion. including RMB 0.36 billion from village & town industry and RML 0.122 billion from agriculture. The average annual income of a farmer was around RMB 1000. Xinqi Township with a population of 20,000 accommodates the District Government and the residents from the docks and the BTPP. Beside farming and doing business, people of Xinqi are engaging in plastic, machinery and garment industries. 4.4 Pollution Sources Around the BTPP The Cuanshan oil terminal, situated to the u.estof BTPP. is the petroleum and oil product transfer harbor of Zhenhai Petrochemical Complex. With an annual handling capacity of 8.5 million tons/year, it empties 540.000 tons of oily waste water every year (after treatment and meeting the standard at < 10 mg/L). There are 15 also 983 village & town enterprises engaging in
chemical, plastics, machinery, building materials, printing and dyeing, brewery. food processing. electronic instruments. and garments. According to statistics, 341 of the enterprises contribute to the pollution. In 1989 the whole district emptied about 426,700 tons of industrial waste water containing about 184.5 tons of CODCr*with concentration of 432.39 mg/I. The discharge of waste water in Xinqi and Jintang towns amounted to about 43300 tons, containing CODIr about 5.9 tons (of which about 40500 tons were discharge towards the tidal flat and about 1400 tons towards the sea). The annual consumption of coal was 25,500 tons and solid waste was about 6945 tons discharged from the vilage & town enterprises.
16 V. The Present Conditions of the Quality in the Regional Environment 5.1 The Present Conditions of the Quality of Atmospheric Environment 5.1.1 Present Conditions of Air Quality in Ningbo City 5.1.1.1 Atmospheric Research Situation The project of environment assessment, planning and countermeasure study in Ningbo City region started in 1987 and completed in 1992 for 5 years. In the atmospheric subproject which was carried out by Environmental Scientific Center of Beijing University and Environmental Engineering Institute of Qinghua University. laws on ground wind, wind speed of boundary layer, characteristics of temperature variations in boundary layer,condition in mixing layer, circulation characteristics of sea and land wind and atmospheric diffusion coefficients in Ningbo City, including Beilun District, were obtained through a lot of field survey and simulation experiments in wind tunnel on pollution meteorology, which all-sidedly reflected the characteristicsand Laws on atmospheric pollution meteorology in Ningbo City. Combined with the atmospheric monitoring results for Phase I project of Beilun Port Power Plant and present assessment, there are a lot of atmospheric data and pollution meteorological research data (See Appendix). According to the hourly data on the direction and speed of wind and cloudiness data over years in 2800 Km scope and 12 routine meteorological stations around the assessment area and 10 ground wind measurement stations in the region. the investigation of pollutionmeteorological characteristics, regional flow field and laws of ground wind is carried out (Fig 4 in Appendix). Through the year. the dominating wind direction is NW. the frequency is 11%. NNE wind is with a max. wind speed of 4.2 m/s. but the pollution coefficient of NW is the maximum. with a wind speed of 3.1 m/s. The daily variations of wind speed are great. The wind speed in the morning and at night is the lowest and that from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m. is higher (Fig. 22 in Appendix). The wind speed in different seasons is varied. In spring, SSE wind prevails and pollution coefficient is higher. the frequency is 13% with a wind speed of 3.0 m/s. In summer, SSE and S wind prevail, the frequenciesof which are 18% and 19% respectively. In autumn, NW wind prevails, the ferquency is 14%. The Pollution coefficients of NW and SSW wind are high with wind speeds of 4.2 m/s and 3.5 m/s respectively. In winter. NW wind prevails. followed by NNW. The frequencies of which are 19% and 15% respectively. The pollution coefficient of NW is the highest (See Figure in Appendix). For the wind of boundary layer. S wind prevails in summer and WNW wind prevails in winter, which can be divided into three types
17 of wind. e.g. onshore. offshore and alongshore. The normal lapse rate of temperature in boundary Layer is -0.65/100 m. The top of the temperature inversion layer in winter is higher than in summer. the frequency of which is 50% (Table 5-l). The temperature inversion at low altitude is influenced by sea and land wind, which is higher than in inland in summer and conversely in winter. The height of mixing layer is between 130 and 980 m, that in winter is larger that in summer. The frequency of alongshore wind is 34% and that in spring is 39.9%. The frequency of offshore wind is 30.5% and that in summer is 45%. The frequency of onshore wind is 27.5% and those in spring and autumn are 33.5% and 32.5%% respectively. All of these determine the diffusion coefficients. According to the field measurementdata and simulation in wind tunnel and compared with Pasquill-Gifford diffusion coefficients, the coefficients in present area are one class higher, namely the class D corresponds class C. 5.1.1.2 Survey and Analysis of Air Polution Sources in Ningbo City Region 1. Survey of Pollution Sources Data on point sources and non-point sources are based on the survey results of industrial pollution sources carried out by Ningbo Environmental Protection Bureau in 1985. The point sources are all industrial pollution ones with height of more 30 metres and equivalent pollution load of smoke and dust of whic)h is more than 85% and that of S0, is more than 90%. Other industrial waste gas sources, public welfare facilities , food and drink services, organizations and domestic discharge are nonpoint sources. The linear pollution sources are the ones discharged from highway andSwailway within the city. The survey scope of non-point sources is within an assessment area with 20 x 35 squares and the area of every square is 2 x 2 square kilometers (Fig. 26 in Appendix). 2. Major air Pollutants in Ningbo City Region Air pollution in Ningbo City belongs to smoke type of pollution, air pollutants are mainly those discharged from burning waste gas. S02, TSP and NO° discharged from burning waste gas are all more than 90% of the total amount. The discharge amount of induistrialburning waste gas is far higher than that of domestic one. According to the calculation of discharge amount from pollution sources. the discharge amount of SO2 is the highest. and the pollutants are mainly discharged from point sources.
18 Table5-1 SlatisticaLdata of lowaltitude temperalure inversion intwo seasons in Beilun
SeasonRange of Ilem 2:00 5:00 8:00 11:00 14:00 15:00 20:00 23:00 thickness Lower Frequency 40 50 52 29
then - - - ___ 500 Heightof bottom, m 244 227 201 241 metres Heightof top,n = 666 437 278 391
Intensity 0.27 1.00 (degree/l10m) Winter 500 Frequency 60 40 71 40 43 12 29 40 to 1000 Heightof bottom, m 772 811 778 652 652 705 876 820 metres Heightof top,m 1309 1102 959 862 910 1211 906 1023 Intensity 0.29 0.52 0.57 1.81 2.06 0.75 2.76 I.Z9 (degree/lOOm) Lower Frequency 56 71 86 Z2 50 10 33 67 than 50o Heightof bottom,m 204 244 196 83 142 80 189 236 metres Heightof top,nm 292 432 371 321 209 170 313 358 Intensity 1.10 0.73 0.81 0.10 1.49 0.33 0.65 0.80 (degree/loOm) Summer 500 Frequency 22 10 44 38 50 33 100 to 1000 Heightof bottom, m 855 516 666 700 733 600 790 metres Heightof top,m 930 661 736 BIB 867 772 940 Intensity 0.27 0.65 0.40 0.49 0.70 0.87 0.0 (degreel!0m) 5.1.1.3 AnaIysis and Assessment of Present Condition of Atmospheric Environmental Quality in Ningbo Region 1. Monitoring of Regional Air Pollution The atmospheric task group put the emphasis on Beilun District and Zhenhai District, the major economical development district in Ningbo City, and the densely populated urban2 district of Ningbo. The area pf assessment area is 2,800 km and located frpm attitude 121'23'53' to 121'5'32' E and from latitude 29 40'59' to 304'12" N. which includes Zhenhai. Beilun, Haishu, Jiangdong and Jiangbei districts and part of neighboringcounties of Yinxian. Fenghua. Yuyao and Cixi. There were 10 monitoring spots in the assessment area. Two times of aie quality monitoring were carried out, the monitoring period was July in 1988 and January in 1989, and the pollution meteorologic observation was carried out at the same time. Every time of monitoring was carried on for 7 days. with 8 times sampling in every day. Monitoring items are SO2. NOx and TSP. The monitoring results are shown in Table 5-2. 2. Assessment of Present Condition of Air Pollution The assessment of present condition is mainly based on the results of special survey project and combined with the routine monitoring in Ningbo City, which is carried out 4 times in January, April. July and October representing four seasons. winter, spring, summer and autumn respectively. Every time monitoring continues 5 days and 4 times sampling is taken in daytime for each day. Monitoring items are S02, NO, and TSP. The single indix assessment method is used in the assessment, the assessment results are shown in Table 5-3. 3. Assessment and Analysis of Monitoring Results of Present Condition of Air Quality in Assessment Area By analysis of data of two time monitoring in July of 1988 and January of 1989 and the routine monitoring over years, the conclusions can be drawn as follows: The main pollutant discharged from industrial. domestic and communicationpollution sources in Ningbo City is S02. According to the total discharge amount, that from point sources is the largest and that from linear sources is only a few. According to the assessment of monitoring of present condition. the air in part of the area in Ningbo City, such as urban districts and Chaiqiao is slightly polluted, and the air in most of the area is clean and can meet the second class of the standard. For the polluted area, the main pollution factor is TSP at present. the major sources of which are communication and raising dust.
19 Table5-2 ilonitoFingdate of air quality In NingLo
I lonitorin In 1Xlr- Ila Neish- zhulyun 4|t Cial- so Xing- 60 Zhenhal | Zhuang|. Ihichen 9- vuxlang ir im g- Srcn Monitorin9 Xh~i~ I Nalshu qa shoaan g e spotl ningqlao ftab an I-an ann I I qI TI -hengguag chnglg -qlea *Iq I tlessclao1 ol 1 Tine Concentralion stadard iol luIant Hux. value 0.250 0.114 0.011 0.113 A 0.125 0.015 0.111 A 0.011 0.50 Range AO0.250 A-O.ur4 A-0.093 A-0. 113 a a- 0.125 a- 0.095 a-0. 177 a a0. olI SO, Max. daily 0.066 0.066 0.041 0.032 a 0.035 0.021 0.041 a 0.15 Cug'u) average 0.006 Average In 0.015 0.031 0.014 0.007 a 0.010 1.009 0.011 a 0.005 1 days _____ Su er Max.value 0.029 0.024 0.036 0.020 0.023 0.041 0.032 0.027 0.019 0.024 0.15 15-21 Range a 0.029 A-0.024 a 0.036 A 0.020 A 0.023 a- 0.041 6 0.032 a -O.OZ7 a-0.019 C- 0.024 Jul. NO,. Max.daily 0.019 0.016 0.022 0.011 0.012 0.022 0.015 0.016 0.011 0.011 0.10 191(g') average AverageIn 0.012 0.011 0.013 0.006 0.001 0.011 0.003 0.009 0.006 1 days ______0.003 Max. value 1.00 Range TSP Max.daily 0.276 0.235 0.401 0.134 0.215 0.206 0.323 0.Z65 0.126 0.141 0.30 (Cgiu') sverage AverageIn 0.122 0.124 0.363 0.384 0.091 0.017 0.01? 0.106 0.063 0.015 I days______Max.value 0.296 0.157 0.445 0.036 A 0.077 0.074 0.131 0.050 0.131 0.50 Range A-o. 296 a-0. 157 Ao0.445 AS0.036 Ia A 0.077 A 0. 074 A -0. 137 a-o. oso ao0.131 SOl Max.dAily 0.021 0.027 0.017 0.006 a 0.070 0.009 0.012 0.010 0.009 Cugiu') average AverageIn 0.172 0.0l4 4 0.242 0.001 A 0.014 0.031 0.045 0.031 0.041 0.15 Winter 7 days _ Max.value 0.133 0.045 0.050 0.024 0.024 0.041 0.035 0.031 0.016 0.031 0.15 1-14 Range AQ0.135 A0.048 AQ0.050 A 0.024 t10.024 a- 0.041 A 0.035 A 0.031 a-0.016 A 0.037 NO.. Mlx. daily 0.096 0.033 0.046 0.012 0.015 0.027 0.027 0.033 0.014 0.021 1959 (ag.s) average _ __ AverageIn 0.020 0.013 0.021 0.005 0.00i 0.009 0.009 0.011 0.006 0.013 0.10 7 days ______Max.value 1.00
Range ______TSP ML,%.daly 0.180 0.130 0.242 0.163 0.140 0.113 0.038 0.131 0.091 0.083 (9.g-') average AverageIn 7 days 0.011 0.089 0.110 0.013 0.070 0.096 0.n52 0.071 0.052 0.055 0.30 Note, A is lower thandelertlve limit.
20 Table5-z continued
Location Time SO_ NO, TSP
Delective Max.daily Total Detective Max.daily Totat Detective Max.dally TotaL range average average range average average range average average Dec.1985 <0.0l0-0.027 0.022 0.017 c0.006-0.011 0.019 0.005 <0.030-0.272 0.0 0.136
Mar. 1986 0.010-0.0190.010 0.007 c0.006-0.014 0.008 0.007 0.130-0.175 0.157 may.1986 <0.010-0.016 0.04 0.011O 0.006-0.014 0.008 0.006 0.183-0.200 0.203
Aug. 1936 <0.010-0.081 0.006 0.006 A -0.009 0.005 o.o05 0.1Z0-0.211 0.171
Xinqi Feb. 1987 * -0.011 0.00o-.0080.003 * -0.040 0.007-.016 0.011 0.031-.169 0.117 Jut.1988 0.005 0.081
Jan. 1989 0.005 0.005
Winter 1990 A -0.090 0.001-.008 0.005-0.036 0.007-.016 0.045-0.104 Summer1991 A -0.014 A-0.096 0.005 A -0.052 0.005-.030 0.014 0.035-.104 0.114
Winter 1991 A -0.012 A-O.010 0.006 A -0.024 A-o.017 0.012 0.035-0.11 0.065
21 Table5-2 continued
Location Time S02 N0. TSP
Detective Max.daily Total Detective Max.daily Total Detective Max.daily Total range average averagerange average averagerange average average
Dec.1985 <0.010-0.0660.020 0.017 0.006-0.0270.011 0.010 0.194-0.311 0.244
Mar.1986 0.010-0.0650.036 0.030 <0.006-0.0210.011 0.010 0.078-0.138 0.107
May.1986 <0.01a-0. 021 0.033 0.023 <0.006-0. 026 0.011 0.010 0.157-0.239 0.204 lJaqI Aug.1986 A -0.loo 0.015 0.005 <0.006-0.0070.006 0.005 0.062-0.228 0.145
Winter 1990 A -0.016 0.dlg A-0.012 0.009 0.066 0.066-0.254 0.175
Summer1991 A -0.031 0.016 0.006 A -0.023 0.012 0.009 0.060-0.204 0.140
Winter1991 A -0.042 A-0.024 0.013 A -0.0370.010-.025 0.018 0.098-0.280 0.172
Remakss I. Thefirst 600,000 KWgenerating set of Phase I Projectwas put into operation inApril of 1991.The monitoring data basicallyreflect the laws in each season and variation before and after the generators are put into operation. All data exceptIndividuaLs canbe meet the first class of air quality standards.
2. X isdetective limit.
3. A is lowerthan detective limit.
22 Table5-3 AssessmenLresults of airqua;iLy in assessmentarea:
SO2 NO. TSP time location 1, Class 1I Class 1, Class Xingningqiao 0.10 1 0.12 1 0.40 I Haishufangban0.21 1 0.11 1 0.41 1 Shuiyunzhai 0.09 1 0.13 1 0.54 I Chaiqiao 0.05 1 0.06 1 I.ZB I Summer Xinqi 0.03 1 0.06 1 0.31 I Zhenhaichengguan0.06 1 0.06 1 0.31 I Zhuangqiao 0.04 1 0.08 1 0.32 1 Chichen 0.07 1 0.08 1 0.35 1
Wuxiang 0.10 1 0.12 I 0.41 1 ' Jiangshan 0.04 1 0.08 I 0.28 1
Xingningqiao 0.14 1 0.20 1 0.27 1 Haishufangban0.18 I 0.12 1 0.30 1 Shuiyunzbai 0.58 2 O.ZI 2 0.58 1 Chaiqiao 0.04 1 0.04 1 0.29 1 Winter Xinqi 0.03 1 0.06 1 0.23 1 Zhenhaichengguan0.07 1 0.09 1 0.32 1 Zhuangqiao 0.04 1 0.09 1 0.26 1 Chichen 0.08 I 0.11 1 0.24 1 Wuxiang 0.20 1 0.11 1 0.34 1 Jiangshan 0.08 1 0.13 1 0.31 1
23 In light of the proceding assessment. t4e air quality in the assessment area with a scope of 2.800 km', which is mainly the urban district of Ningbo, is good.
5.1.2 The Present Monitoring of the Atmosphere Background Value and Its Result
There were three occasions in the monitoring of the atmosphere. The first and second monitoring were done respectively in summer and winter before the units began to operate. Another monitoring was done in winter when unit 1 was in operation.
5.1.2.2 Allocation of Monitoring Spots
Within the area of the assessed regions. ten monitoring spots were chosen for the assessment of the atmosphere background value. The arrangement of the mrnitoring spots is based on the consideration of the functional feature of each spot as well as the uniformity of the monitoring spots within the assessed regions. Fig. 5-1 indicates the allocation of the atmospheric monitoring spots. Table 5-4 shows the function represented by the atmosphere monitoring spots.
Table 5-4 The Functional Regions Represented by the Atmospheric Monitoring Spots Monitoring kMonitoring spot Functional property Distance spot number denomination ___ (Kin) 1 Nillgo City city mixed region 27 2 Xiaogang development region 5.4 developmzent regtion 3 Xiapu township residential area 9 4 Xinqi towvn regional government 4.5 seat
,5 jBeilungang Powver ifacto-Y section 0
______P l a n t ______6 j iWuxiang to-wnship 115 7 _ Baotong township 12.5 8 IZhenhai Oil indutstrial area 15 IChemical Factor-y
9 1Qiuyi -residential area 19 10 I Daqi town residential area 1 4 __
24 5.1.2.3 Monitoring Frequency and Mlajor MIonitoring Factors
The period of atmospheric monitoring took seven days, six to eight tijncseach day, at an interval of two hours. Each period would have 2 monitoring activities at night. Three occasions of monitoring were carried out.
The major monitoring factors are No.. S02 and TSP. At some monitoring spots, simultaneous obscrvation and monitorir.g were made oii the meteorological elements.
Sampling and analvsis (refec-to Table 5-5 ). 5.1.2.4 Results of Moniitoring
Tlie results of thc atmosphere monitoring were summarized iTn table fornm,the contents of which coveerthe concentration value and the daily mcan concentration value range, the concentratioTn of a time and the hyper-standard rate of the daily average concentration. The comparison between the concentration of polluted matters of differenit monitoring spots and different seasons is on13V considered as the comparison between identical factors. In view of the effects of meteorological cieieents on the concentration distributioni of Polluted matters. during the analysis of the atmosphiere background conditions by means of the monitoring data. a simultaneous analysis was made by the distributiorns of thc speeds and directions of wind during monitoring period. Table 5-6. 5-7 and 5-8 are a stimmiarizationiof the three occasions of monitoring results of the atmosphere:
Table 5-6 is the summarized table of the atmosphere environment quality monitoring of Beilun Power Plant before the operation of the units in summer. 1991.
Table 5-7 is the summarized table of the atmosphere environment quality monitoring of Beilun Power Plant during the operation of unit 1 in winter. 1991.
Table 5-8 is the summarized table of the atmosphere environment quality monitoring of Beilun Power Plant when the units are shut down in winter, 1992.
Table. 5-9 is the monitoring results of air quality in three occasions for comparison.
Table 5-10 is the statistics of the speeds and directions of wind as observed and monitored simultaneously during the atmosphere monitoring.
25 Table 5-5 Mlonitoring itenmsand methods of air quality Item Samipling method and Analitical method and lower ttiDie detectiocr limint
SO2 Air is pumped and Determinationi of nitrogen absorbed by KB-6A for oxides in ambient air-Griess 30 min. . onice 2 hrs. Satzman method. NOx Air is pumped and Determination of stlfer dioxide absorbed by F.B-6A for in a-mbient air - 30 mIt. , once 2 hrs. Tctrachloro-Mercurate (TCII) - pararosan i I i nie mc thocld. T'SP Air is pumped by KB- Weighl method. 120 and absorbed by filter film for 30 min.. once 2 hrs.
5.1.3 An Analysis of the Present Conditions of the QOuality of the Atmospheric Environmiient From the summarized tables of the atmospheric environment quality monitoring, we call see:
5.1.3.1 During the monitoring period. the concentration of a timc and daily average concentration of NO and S02 in the atrnosphere accorded with the nation grade 2 atmospheric environment quality standard: the daily average concentration at some moniitoring spots surpassed the grade 2 standard. The reasons why TSP exceeded the standard were due to dry weather during aonitoring and thiepositions of the monitoring SpDts which wer-c not far away from the roads, where dust raised by the motor xehicles was obvious.
5.1.3.2 From the average distribution of the concentration of the polluted matters, there was no apparent difference of absolute concentration between all the monitoring spots. nor was it visible that there was any difference betweeni the functional regions. there was almost a uniform distribution.
5.1.3.3 From the time distribution of concentration of the polluted matters, due to poor diffusion, the concentration in Winter was greater than that in summer. From an initial comparison, the av-erage concentration of S02 in winter was 2.6 times the average density in summer; NO° was 1.6 times, and TSP was 2.4 times. In a day, the wind is calm in the morning and evening, and due to smoke resulting from cooking in the morning, the concentration in the morning was higher: it reached the lowest degree at noon, and rose again at about 5 p.m., and became lower at midnight due to little humani activities at that time.
26 Table5-6 Summaryof thetesting results of theenvironmental quality of theatmospheric insumner Qf 1991 whenthe generator Nao.I of thePower Plant is in operation
Serial Nameof QuantityRate of Concentration(ng/mi) Mean Overstandard rate (% monitoringlten of number station sanples detection Onetime Grade11 of Dailynean Grade11 of value ValueaL Dailyncan Standard value Standard once value
Ningbo SO2 46 2 c0.l--0040 0.50 <0.01--0-0I0 0.15 0D007 0 0 I NO1 46 72 e.007--0.0480.15 0.008--0.020 0.10 0.013 0 0 City TSP 7 100 1.00 0.027--0.187 0.30 0.115 0
SO2 46 17 cO.0l--0.0370.50 SOz 46 2 DO.01--D.02 0.50 <0.01--0.006 0.15 0.0Q5 0 0 3 Xiapu N0O 46 35 <.001--0.02a0.15 <.007--0.010 0.10. 0.006 0 0 TSP 7 100 1.00 0n30S--.158 0.30 0.092 0 So2 46 15 e0.01--0.0140.50 '0.0i--0l0.6 0.15 0.Gu5 0 a 4 Xinjian !N0 46 13 <.007--0.05Z0.5 0.005--n.033 0.10 0.014 0 0 TS? 7 100 1.00 0.C45--0.121 0.30 5.,14 0 Isoz 46 Z e0.C--0.0450.50 I<6-o1--UG13 0.15 a0.358| a 5 Dianchang10 16 30 '.007--0.0340.15 j.005--0.017 0.10 0.011 0 0 TS? I T 103 I Q *3.40--0.110Z0.U|30 0.3714 0 /7 Table,5-6 conlinued Serial Nameof Quantity Rateof Concentration(n9/i 3) Uean Overstandard rate C nonitoringlten of_- nunber station sanples detection One tine Grade11 of Dailymean Grade11 of value Valueat Dailynean Standard value Standard once value _n [ . _ _._ SO2 46 15 c0.0I--0.0500.50 <0.01--0.013 0.15 0.006 0 0 6 H'uxiang NOx 46 30 <.007--O.O270.15 <.007--0.014 0.10 0.001 0 0 TSP 7 100 1.00 0.025--0.112 0.30 0.067 0 SO2 4fi 35 O0.I--0.0470.50 <0.Dl--9.oza 0.15 0.009 0 0 1 Baodong I'O. 46 70 c.007--o.0330.15 0.006--0.015 0.10 0.009 0 0 TSP 7 ItO 1.00 . 0.040--0.169 0.30 0.098 14 SOZ 46 7 <0.0I--0.0850.50 <0.0l--0.025 0.15 0.013 0 0 a SliihuachangN\0 46 70 <,.007--0.0550.15 O.009--0.024 0.10 0.013 0 0 TSP 7 !00 1.00 0034--0.140 0.30 0.090 0 so, 43 19 0.01--0.232 0.50 0.Cl--0.033 C 5 O.-C6 0 a 9 Qiouyi . 43 65 <.031--Q.0410.15 Q.O06--0.C2o 101 a 0 _TS? 7 IGO 1.00 0.05]--0.153 0.30 0.092 0 SO, 46 24 '0.01--0.331 0.50 <0.3i--0.0l6 0.15 | D.G^3 0 0 IO Dajian|!;0 46 83 <.007--0.923 0.15 <,.207--0.0120.10 0.009 0 0 -S? 7 log I.. Go60-2-~2914! .30 0.170 0 23 Table5-7 Sumnaryof thetesting results of theenvironmental quality of theatnospheric .nWinter Of ig99 whenthe generator No.I of thePower Plant is in operation SerialName of Quantity Rateof Concentration(ngln') Mean Overstandard rate fX) monitoringItem of number station sanples detection Onctine Grade11 of Dailyocan Grade11 of value Valueat Dailyaean monitoring_tem of ______1Standard ______value ______Standard once value 2 Ningbo So 44 59.1 502 44 45.5 <0.01--O.0550.50 <0.01--0.024 0.15 0.015 0 0 2 Xiaogang )"0K 44 84.1 <.007--0.0240.15 O.008--0.0150.10 0.012 0 0 TSP 7 100 1.00 0.044--0.153 0.30 0.091 0 S0 44 22.7 29 Table5-7 continued SerialName of QuanlityRate of 1 Concentration(ng/n') 4.ean | Overstandard rate 0. monitoringIten of . _ _ numberstation sanples detection Oneline Grade11 of Dailynean Grade11 of value Valueat Dailynean Standard value Standard once value SOZ 44 31.8 <0.0I--0.0800.50 <0.01--0.027 0.15 0.01! 0 0 6 Wuxiang NO, 44 75.0 c.007--0.0250.15 0.G07--0.016 0.10 0.012 0 0 TSP 7 100 1.00 0.022--0.150 0.30 0.083 14 SO? 44 61.4 <0.CI--0.1210.50 0.012--D.038 n.15 0.022 0 0 7 Baodong NOx 44 100 0.006--0.0280.15 0.010--0.025 0.10 0.015 0 0 TSP 7 100 1.00 0.057--0.298 0.30 0.192 86 SO' 4.. 50.0 <0.01--0.2360.50 0.010--0.05Z 0.15 0.019 0 0 a Shibuachang)i0x 44 BB.6 c.001--0.0290.15 0.011--0.G24 0.10 0.016 a a TSP 7 100 1.00 0.118--U.Z75 0.30 0.168 0 SO2 44 65.9 <0.01--0.1500.50 <0.01--0.024 0.15 0.028 0 0 9 Qiouyi NX0 44 100 0.OG9--0.0520.15 0.010--0.025 0.10 0.019 0 0 TSP 1 100 1.00 0.098--0.288 0.30 0.181 0 SOZ 43 51.2 <0.0--D. 042 0.50 30 Table5-8 Sunnaryof thetesting results of theenvironnentat quality of theatnospheric inwinter of 1992 Serial'arnc of QuantityRate of Concentration(ng/o3 ) !ean OverslanJard rate OD noniloringlRen of number station samples detection Onetine Grade11 of Dailyncan Grade11 of value Yalueat Dailycean Standard vatue Standard once value Ningbo SOZ 44 56.0 <0.01--0-0970.50 O.011--q.C38 0.15 n.023 0 0 I N.0. 44 100 0.006--0.0560.15 0.018--o.040 0.10 0.033 0 a City TSP 1 100 1.00 0.140--0.306 0.30 O.245 14 SO2 44 36.4 <0.01--0.0780.50 <0.01--0.026 0.15 0.015 0 0 2 Xiaogang NO. 44 100 0.006--0.0220.15 0.008--0.016 0.10 0.012 0 0 TSP 7 100 1.00 0.I06--0. 332 0.30 0.193 14 SOZ 44 18.2 <0.01--0.0720.50 <0.01--0.028 0.15 0.013 0 0 3 Xiapu NO. 44 90.9 c,007--0.0310.15 0.009--O.G17 0.10 0.013 0 0 TSP 7 100 1.00 0.128--0.306 0.30 0.202 28 SQ2|s' 44 45.0 S02 44 45.0 <0.01--0.0560.50 <0.01--0.034 0.15 0.018 0 0 A DianchangNO, 44 86.4 <.00l--0.0370.15 0.006--0.020 0.10 0.013 0 0 TSP 7 100 1.00 0.111--0.251 0.33 0.210 0 31 Table5-8 continued Serial Naneof CuantilyRate of Concentration(ngi/r) Miean| Overstandard rate (lc nonitoringIten of nunber station sanples detection Oneline Grade11 of Dailyinean OradeIf of value Valueat Dailynean Standard value Standard once value s02 44 63.6 <0.01--0.0830.50 0.013--0.033 0.15 0.025 0 0 6 Wuxiang NO. 44 100 0.006--0.0190.15 0.010--0.01B 0.10 0.013 a 0 TSP 7 100 1.00 0.145--0.168 0.30 0.200 86 SOZ 44 72.7 <0.01--O.0720.50 0.017--0.045 0.15 0.328 0 0 7 BaozhuangNO. 44 95.0 .D07--0.0270.15 0,009--0.020 0.10 0.013 0 0 TSP I 100 1.00 0.170--0.306 0.30 0.240 100 502 44 70.0 0.01--0.0840.50 0.012--0.037 0.15 0.026 0 0 a ShihuachangNO, 44 97.7 c.007--0.0310.15 0.01--0-084 0.10 0.017 0 0 TSP 7 100 1.00 0.128--0.289 0.30 0.216 0 S0 2 44 61.4 <0.01--0.0840.50 0.0l1--D.044 0.15 0.026 0 0 9 Qiuai Nx0. 44 95.5 c.007--0.0350.15 0.010--02.O3 0.10 0.017 0 0 TSP 7 100 1.00 0.153--0.309 0.30 0.237 14 SO2 44 34.1 <0.0I--0.0590.50 0.0ll--0.034 0.15 0.017 a 0 10 Daqi )'0o 44 95.5 <.007--D.0330.15 0.01l--0.027 0.10 0.019 0 0 TSP I 100 1.00 0.191--0.413 0.30 0.298 43 32 Table5-9 MonitoringResults of AirQuality in Three Occasions Serial Naneof Monitoring Concentration(r.gIn3 ) Mean nonitoring lien nunber station period Onetine Grade11 of Dai!ynean Grade11 of va'Lue Standard value. Standard Sunner SO2 <0.01--0.040 0.50 C.OI--0.0l0 0.15 0.007 of NOx '.007--0.048 0.15 0.008--9.020 0.10 0.013 1991 TSP 1.00 0.027--0. 187 0.30 0.115 Ningbo .WinterSO 2 <0.0l--0.267 0.50 0.011--.I1ZO0.15 0.044 of ',Ox 0.019--0.068 0.15 0.029-0.053 0.10 0.040 1991 TSP 1.00 0.174--0. 297 0. 30 0.228 City Winter S02 <0.01--0.097 0.50 0.011--0.038 0.15 0.023 of NOx 0.D06--0.056 0.15 0.Ol--0.040 0.10 0.033 1992 TSP !.00 0o.140---.3260.30 0.245 Sumner SO2 W'interS0 2 <0.01--0.078 0.50 <0.01--0.025 0.15 0.015 of NOx 0.006--O.OZ2 0.15 0.008-0.016 0.10 0.012 1992 TSP 1.00 0.106--0.332 0.30 0.193 33 TabLe5-9 continued Serial Nameof Monitoring Concentiation(mg/nm) mean monitoring Item 1 o number station period Onetime Grade11 of Dailymean GradeI of value Standard vatu.e Standaad Summer 502 <0.0l--0.012 0.50 <0.01--0.006 0.15 0.005 of NOx <.007--0.028 0.15 c.007--0.010 0.10 0.006 1991 TSP 1.0 0.030--0.l580.30 0.092 Winter SOz <0.01--0.042 0.50 <.0ll--0.015.0.15 0.010 3 Xiapu of NOc <.001--0.037 0.15 0.009--0.070 0.10 0.020 1991 TSP 1.00 0.066-0.196 0.30 0.128 WinLer S02 <0.0I--0.072 0.50 <.010--0.028 0.15 0.0I,3 of NO. <.007--0.031 0.15 0.009--0.017 0.10 0.013 1992 TSP 1.00 0.128--0.3060.30 0.202 Sunner S02 <0.0l--0.014 0.50 c0.0--0.336 0.15 0.O05 of N'Ox <.007--0.052 0.15 0.005--0.0300.10 0.014 1991 TSP 1.00 0.045--0.1840.30 0.114 Winter S02 <0.01--0.012 0.50 <0.0I--4.0io 0.15 0.006 4 Xinjian of YOx <.007--0.024 0.15 <.007--0.017 0.10 0.01 1991 TSP 1.00 0.035--0.110 0.30 0.061 Wintecr SO, c0.0--0.075 0.53 0.0I--0.031 0.15 0.015 of NO. <.097--D.019 0.15 9.008--0.0170.10 0.013 1992 TS? 1.00 0.140--0.277 0.30 0.1Z0 341 Table5-9 :onlinued SerialNane of M!onitoring Concentration(ng/n3) |ean nonitoring Iten numberstation period Onel.ne Grade11 of Dailymean Grade11 of value Standard value Standard Sunner S02 <°.0l--a.045 0.50 0.01--0l013 0.15 0.008 of NO., <.007--0.034 0.15 0.005--0.01170.1 0.011 1991 TSP 1.0D 0.040--0.1020.30 0.074 WYinterSO 2 <0.01--0.044 0.50 <.011--0.015 0.15 0.009 5 Dianchang of NO, <.007--0.028 0.15 0.008--O.022 0.10 0.016 1991 TSP 1.00 0.061--0.175 0.30 0.122 Winter S02 <0.01--0.056 0.50 0.0I--0.034 0.15 0.018 of NOx <4007--0.U37 0.15 0.006--0.020 0.10 0.013 1992 TSP 1.00 0.111--0.251 U.30 0.210 Sumjicr S02 <0.01--°.050 0.50 <0.01--0.013 0.15 O-GC6 of NO. <.007--0.027 0.15 <.007--0.014 0.10 0.007 1991 TSP 1.00 0.025--0.1120.30 0.067 Winter S02 Winter SO2 <0.01--0.083 0.50 0.013--O.033 0.15 0.025 of NIO00.006--0.019 0.15 0.010--0.018 Q.10 0.013 1992 TSP 1.00 0.145--0.168 0.30 0.200 35 Table5-9 continued SerialNane of Monitoring ConcentrationCngIn') Mean nonitoring lIen . nunber station period Onetine Grade11 of Dailynean Grade 1]of value Standard value Standard Sunner S02 0.01--0.041 0.50 0.010--l.028 0.15 0.O09 of 'AO <.007--0.033 0.15 .0.C6--0.0153.10 O.GC9 1991 TSP 1.0 0.040-0.169 0.30 0.rge Hinter S02 <0.DI--0.121 0.50 0.017.--0.0450.15 0.022 7 Baodong of NOx 0.006--O.028 Q.15 0.010--0.0190.10 0.015 1991 ITSP 1.00 0.084--0.346 0.30 0.192 Winter S02 Sunner SO2 <0.01--0.085 0.50 <0.01--0.0250.15 0.013 of l'Ox <.007--0.055 0.15 0.009--0.024 0.10 0.;3 1991 TSP 1.00 0.034--0.140 0.30 0.090 Hinter S02 C0.01--O-236 0.50 <0.01--0-9500.15 0.019 8 Shlihuachang of NOx c.007--0.0Z9 0.15 0.010--0.0250.10 0.016 1991 TSP 1.00 0.057--O.Z980.30 0.163 Winter SO2 <0.01--0.084 0.50 0.012--0.037 0.15 0.026 of N0O <.006--0.031 0.15 0.011--0.0240.10 0.017 1992 TSP 1.00 0.128--0.289 0.30 0.216 36 Table5-9 continued SerialName of Monitoring Concentration(mg/mui) mean monitoring Item number station period Onetime Grade11 of Dailymean Grade11 of value Standard value Standard Sumner SO2 c0.01--O.Z32 0.50 0.OI--0.033 0.15 0.016 of NOx <.007--0.041 0.15 0.006--0.020 0.10 0.010 1991 TSP 1.00 0.053--0.153 0.30 0.092 Winter S02 <0 DI--D.158 0.50 0.010--O.052 0.15 0.02B 9 Qiouyi of NOx 0.009--0.052 0.15 0.011--0.024 0.10 0.019 1991 TSP 1.00 0.118--0.275 0.30 0.181 Winter SO2 <0.01--0.084 0.50 0.0ll--0.044 0.15 0.026 of NO <.007--0.035 0.15 0.010--0.023 0.10 0.017 1992 TSP 1.00 0.153--0.309 0.30 0.237 Summer S02 <0.01--0.031 0.50 <0.01--0.0160.15 0.008 of Nc <.007--0.023 0.15 <.007--.012 O.10 0.009 1991 TSP 1.00 0.060--0.204 0.30 0.140 Winter S02 <0.01--0.042 0.50 <0.OJ--0.024 0.15 0.013 In Dajian of N0x <.007--0.037 0.15 0.010--0.025 0.10 0.018 1991 TSP 1.00 0.098--0.288 0.30 0.172 Winter S02 <0.01--o.059 0.50 0.011--0.034 0.15 0.017 of N0x <.007--0.033 0.15 0.011--0.027 0.10 0.019 1992 TSP 1.00 0.191--0.413 0.30 0.298 37 Table5-10 Acamprehensive sumaryof lhe wind direction andspeedat Beitun Part Power Planl Direcion MonitoringMonitoring N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW I INW N1 MN? C period spot lten Bellun Frequency00 6.5 10.9 Z6.1 19.8 4.3 2.2 8.71 2.2 4.4 _ 2.2 _ 10.9 Port Windspeed 6m/s) 1.4 1.0 1.2 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.4 1.5 1.0 0.8 Frequency00 4.3 8.7 2.2 10.923.9 19.6 10.9 8.7 Z.2 Z.2 2.2 4.3 Windspeed (0/s) l.a 0.7 I_ 0.9 1.4 1.0 1.5 0.8 1.2 0.3 0.8 Beilun Frequency00 20.5 18.2 _ . 2.3 15.9 22.7 20.5 Port Windspeed (mis) 0.7 1.8 0.3 1.5 0.8 Frequency00 43.2 4.5 4.5 2.313.6 4.5 11.4 15.9 ofI1991 Ninbo - __ - - --- Windspeed (mls) 1.2 1.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.6 Bellun Frequency0D 22.7 40.99.1 18.2 2.3 6.8 Winter Port Windspeed 6m/s) 3.4 3.1 1.7 2.6 0.8 Frequency00 8.8 8.8 2.9 2.9 5.9 8.8 35.3 26.5 of 1991 Ninbo .…_ Windspeed (m/s) 1.2 0. 01 0.8 0.1 1.9 1.7 38 5.1.3.4 It can be seen from the summarized tables of atmospheric environmental quality monitoring that the measured values of pollutants (So2 and TSP) at individual spots when a generating set suspended operation were lower than those when all generating sets were in operation. It is because that the key meteorological factors were different during the two occasions of monitoring. The average ground speed of wind when generators stopped was 1.1 m/s and that when genertors were in operation was 1.8 m/s. The dominantingwind direction when generators stopped was SW with a frequency of 40.9% and S with a frequency of 22.7%, and that when generators were in operation was NW with a frequency of 22.7% and N with a frequency of 20.5X. Therefore, it is difficult to compare the data of the two occasions of monitoring. From the data of atmosphericenvironment quality monitoring made on three occasions, the concentrations of NO . SO2 and TSP observed in Xinqi Town all accorded with the National Grade 2 Standard of the atmospheric environmental quality. The daily average concentration of TSP in Ningbo City surpassing the National Grade 2 Sta_Pdard of the atmospheric environemtal quality, by 0.006 mg/m only once. From the above analysis, the regions around Beilungang Power Plant at the present time possess rather favorable conditions of atmospheric environment quality, the concentrations of SO? and NOx was rather low, the chief pollution factor being TSP. 5.2 The Present Condition of the Quality of Sea Water Environment 5.2.1 Existing Water Quality in Sea Area of Ningbo City Water quality in sea area of Ningbo City was evaluated in the marine sub-project under local environmental assessment and planning which is the major project during the Seventh Five-Year Plan. Here is a brief introduction. 5.2.1.1 Analysis of Existing Pollution Sources of Sea Area of Ningbo City. There are three main types of pollution sources in the area. Those are pollution discharges from coastal land, marine vessels and contaminated runoff entering the sea. The amount of dischatge from Yongjiang River is the largest one in terms of COD. which accounts 60 percent of COD which are discharged from the area, the rest, about 40 percent. comes from enterprisesalong the coast and from domestic discharge according to the statistics of the arine sub-project. Major oil pollution is released from vessels. port and dock discharge, the amount of which is 71.3 percent of total oil discharge received in the area, 10.7 percent of oils from industry and domestic discharges on the land, the rest, about 17.8 percent, carried by runoff from Yongjiang River. 39 5.2.1.2 Analysis and Assessment of Existing Environmental Quality of the Sea Area. Since Beilun District and Zhenhai District are the major economic development zone in Ningbo, the sea area in those regions is treated as major area for assessment in the marine sub-project. Eight stations of continuous marine monitoring were set up in the sub-project on July and August of 1987. Assessment Area: West--from Xiepu Mountain to Muguan bounding in north terminal of Jintang Mountain; East--from Beishitou to Shenjiaomen; North--South coast of Zhoushan Island; South--Zhenhai to Beilun coastal line. There are fifty-sevenlarge area stations based on reticular distribution in the area assessed to carry out synchronised sampling measurement for chemical elements and p.llutant content in sea mwaer.- The -massurement of heavy metai' content for suspended mtter inRse_a water .and .sedimepl.on sea bottm- is performed at the same time_- (1). Sea Water Quality Monitoring and Results The results of water quality monitoring in sea area of Xiepu- Shitoujiao is shown in Table 5-11. Results of determinating for heavy metals, Phenol, Cyanide in sea water of Ningbo City's sea area are shown in Table 5-11. Results of determinating for heavy metals, phenols cyanide in sea water of Ningbo City's sea area are shown in Table 5-12. The contents of heavy metal, phenols and cyaride in sea water of assessed sea area can meet the first class of sea water standard- according to the monitoring results. Except the contents of _ni.trogen,phosphorous and oils in sea water of the sea ar_e__a;wr exceed the first- cI ofTs e-a--aterFstandard, the other parameters can meet the standards. The concentration of PO-P ranges from 0.013 to 0.033 mg/l, the average value is 0.026 mg/l which exceeds the standard. The value of concentration in the west is large than that in the east, the value in the north is large than that in the south. North-weat corner of Zhenhai's sea area is the highest concentration area, southeast of Shenjiaomen's sea area is the lowest concentration area. Therefoe, major P0-P in the area mainly comes from runoff both from Yongjiang River of Hangzhou Bay and Yangtse Rver. 40 Table 5-11 Outcomeof Water Quality monitoring in theSea Area of Xiepu-Shitoujiao, Ningbo DO COD. oi s PH PO.-P N0-N - Large Small Large j SmaLl Large Small tide tide tide tide tide tide Average 0.926 0.0412 6.17 5.42 0.99 0.60 0.1030.12 vatue Detecting 7.5 0.013 0.130 3.32 2.71 0.03 < 1.0 range -8.2 -0.033 - 0.17 - 6.9 ! - 8.18 - 3.6 Note: Unit is mg/L except for PH in ta.!e- e^ TabLe5-12 Outcomeof DeterminatingforHeavy Metals,Phenots andCyaride in SeaWater (mg/1) ParameterDetecting range | Averagevalue The first class seawater standard Cu 0.72 2.85 1.46 10 Pb 0.14 2.31 0.89 50 Zn 0.60 31.5 9.39 100 Cd 0.039 0.440 0.144 5 Cr 0.25 0.87 0.55 100 Hg lower than dect- 0.007 0.5 ive limit -0.039 Phenols 0.005 0.005 Cyanide 0.02 - 0.02 41 The content of N03-N in total nitrogen in sea water of the area is 99 percent above, its concentration ranges from 0.130 mg/l to 0.770 mg/l, the average value is 0.472 mg/l which exceeds the third class of sea water standard. The concentration of N0-N in the northwest is higher than that in the southwest. The major discharge of N03-N in the sea area comes from runoff including Hangzhou Bay, Yangtse River and Yongjiang River in local area. Both nitrogen and phosphorus in the sea area are a little high, which accord with those in East China sea area. The content of total oils during tidal time-either large tide or small tide exceeds the second class of sea water standard. The major discharge is released by vessels and docks. In the area assessed, the content in the sea area of Beilun is lower than that any where else, due to active water-exchange in this area. (2). Monitoring for Heavy Metal Contained in Suspended Matters in Sea Area. Most of heavy metals entering the sea sink to the bottom of the sea after they are absorbed by organic and inorganic gels. The order of absorbing ability for heavy metal by suspended matters is C > Pb > co > Z.; but the percentage of Cd that exists in solufle pattern in sea water is large, being about 69.9 percent. (3). Monitoring for Sediment on the Sea Bottom and Bottom Mud Quality of Intertidal Range. The results of sediment monitoring in sea area of Ningbo City are shown in Table 5-13. Itis known that there is not big difference between the content of heavy metal in sediment and that of sediment not polluted in Zhejiang compared with the clarke value. The conclusion is that l heavy metal in sediment on sea bottom of the area is almost in an not pollutted natural status. Investigation for bottom mud quality of interti-dalrange6 in Ningbo City's sea area as a whole was carried out by Zhejiang coastal zone survey in 1984. A monitoring for bottom mud quality of intertidalrange in Ningbo City is performed again by this marine subproject. Results of the monitoring are shown in Table 5-14. It is easy to see that C Z in bottom mud in Zhenhai and Beilun intervalrange is accumufatedevidently, the value which is large than the natural values: the contents of other heavy metals are lower than natural values. In respect of intertidalrange in the city as a whole, the intertidal range hasn't been apparantly suffered from heavy metal pollution. 42 Tatle5-13 Outcomeof SedimentMonitoring inSea Area of NingboCGIy Sedimenton sea Sedimentnol Clarkevalue of bottom mg/kg pollutedaLong theearth's crusl Zhejiangcoast range average mg/kg Taylor Velnertski (1964) (1962) Fe 21200 34000 39600 56300 46500 -40900 tin392-1602 736 960 950 loan Cu 7-44 29 25.4 55 47 Ni :2-4B 36 40.5 75 50 Cr 10-58 46 |100 83 Zn 43-123 49 95.3 70 83 Pb 16-28 20 | 31.9 12.5 16 Cd 0.05-.31 a o021 0.2 0.13 Table5-14 MonitoringResulls of BottoniMud Qualily of Intertidal,Kingbo Urbandistract of 1987' 1984'Coastal zone 1987'survey surveyof NingboCity range average range average Fe| 30100-46000 40000 Cu129-1099 152 9.6-49.1 29.1 Mn 573-1025 B46 Pb 18-20 23 6.1-43.3 24.7 Zn 90-2i0 151 |21-149 91.9 Cd 0.12-0-47 0.23 0.07-2.4 0.19 Cr 136-81 58 Ni t31-55 40 | 43 It is reported that there are no any pollution sources of Cu and Z along Zhenhai and Beilun coast. Either the symptom or cause of Cu and Zn accumulated need to be studied in the future. (4). Existing environmental quality of sea area of Ningbo City Except for N, P and oils with higher concentration, the other parameters can meet the first class of sea water standard. The monitoring of the present conditions of the quality of sea water environment consisted of two parts: the present conditions of sea area along the shore of the power plant and the present conditions of sea area along the shore of the ash yard for Phase II Project. 5.2.2 The Monitoring of the Present Conditions of Sea Area along the Shore of the Power Plant 5.2.2.1 The Monitoring Scope The monitoring scope covered 18 km? sea surface, with a 3 km length each side along the coast line, a 3 km width along the vertical, taking the power plant outfall as the center (refer to Table 5-1). 5.2.2.2 The Allocation of Monitoring Section In the sea area along the shore of the power plant, three sections perpendicular to the coast line were allocated, each section having three sampling spots: to the left, to the right and in the middle (refer to Table 5-1). According the ocean investigation rules, at the monitoring spot where the depth of water is greater than 10 m. both surface and deep layer water samples are taken, and where water depth is less than 10 m, Only surface wither samples are needed. According to the general report of -Ningbo City Regional Environmental Assessment, Planning and Countermeasures Study" Project, the major one in natioal five-year plan, and function zoning and targets of water quality of sea area in Ningbo City, it is permited that water quality in sea area 2 km off the shore from Xiepu to Zhitou and nearby Shipu Port can only meet the second class of marine water standards. and that in other aea area should meet the first class of standards. Small area of mixing zones are also allowed nearby the discharge outlets of the Petrochemical Factory (General) and Beilun INdustrial District. The historical function of the sea area of Zhitou section of Beilun is navigation and fishing. According to the function zoning, the navigation is the main function of the sea area, but consideration should be givern to environmental condition for activities of marine living things. The target of water quality of the sea area 2 km from the shore is class II of the marine water standards, and that of other sea area is class I of the standards. In view of the above. in present assessment, No. 1 44 spot. No. 4 spot and No. 7 spot shall adopt grade 2 sea water standard in GB3097-82, which for the other spots and the assessment region along the shore of the ash yard for Phase II project, grade 1 sea water standard will be adopted. 5.2.2.3 The Monitoring Dates and Frequencies The dates of monitoring were Nov. 29, 1991 and Nov. 30, 1991, altogether two days with cloudy weather. According to related rules, sea area sampling was taken for a period of two days, during winter neap tide (according to lunar calendar). From various tidal range periods, four periods were chosen for sampling: high level, quick fall, low level, quick rise. 5.2.2.4 Items of Monitoring and Methods of Analysis Items of monitoring: PH, salinity, water temperature, SS, DO, COD1 n. NH -N, NO -N inorganic phosphor, petroleum F , volatile phenol, .'NO 3,-V, Cr. Cd, Cu, Pb. Methods of analysis were made according to related rules. For the results of monitoring, refer to Table 5-15. 5.2.3 The Monitoring of the Present Conditions of the Shore along the Ash Yard of Phase II Project. 5.2.3.1 The Monitoring Scope and Section Allocation In the sea area between the Waiyu hill and Niluo in Yong River estuary was allocated a section with two sampling spots ( No. 10, No.11) for sampling surface water (see table 5-1). 5.2.3.2 The Monitoring Dates and Frequencies Were as above. 5.2.3.3 The Monitoring Items and Method of Analysis Were as above - - 45 Table5-15 Nwmtaringresults of waterquality in seaueulmg theshore of Bellun Port pooirPlant m11itoring Item FR salinity water OD 1. tM{- N3.-IDD NID,N Inorganic lnorganilc Oils F Cr Phe7noI d As Sus spot IIn. _ni trm phispiwur 1s (ArimswAter Clas 1 1.54.4iNot >=S 4 0.10 0.015 0.05 0.10 0.WO 0.005 0.OS 0.0! g.e quality - Ineres- -I - _ _ stardard Class 11 1.3-1. = sing4Ct >4 <4 0.20 0.031 0.10 0.50 LOIO 0(11 L 3.i 10 L1 _ Max.Vaue 1.25 12.15 15.2 1.31 2.13 0.216 O.004 O.49 0.i673 0.062 0.95 0.992 0.0045 4.002 0.O00S . 007 Q.0023 Q0J 2350 .iin. value 3.15 10.45 14.1 S.32 10.17 0.113 4.003 0.356 0.556 0.040 4c.05 0.314 46004 4.002 4.t 0l 60003 L0311 11001 113 mmn value 3.19 11.21 14.6 1.44 12.I5 0.112 0.003 0.436 0.632 0.051 0.050 0.937 0.0014 4.002 0.0OM 0.005 LOOIS LOGO u2223 O(erSta.0) 0 _ 0 0 I100 GO 100 0 0 0 0 I _0 0 - MAx. value 3.29 12.00 16.9 3.39 2.31 0.234 0.014 0.534 0.112 0.075 0.054 0.971 0.001?7<002 L0OOOOt O0SL 03021 L0006i 2au 2Hii value 3.09 10.05 13.5 7.10 0.54 0.150 4.003 0.361 0.559 0.027 4O.OS 0.164 4.0004 4L002 4c.00001 e.0001 QOOII 4.1001 521 Meanvalue 3.29 11.32 5.J 3.0 1.66 0.132 0.06S 0.457 0.613 O.OS4 0.051 0.2IS 0.0006 .0L02 .D03 0.004WL.0715 0.00021342 OverSle1(.) 0 0 O-0 100 13 0 0 0 0 O 0° 0 -1 maxvalue 1.23 11.90 16.7 1.32 2.62 0.232 0.004 0. 96 0.617 0.075 0.06190.971 4.0004 4.002 0.00022 LOII LW0030L.0003 2131 r .11n.value 3.IS 11.01 24.2 S.03 0.63 0.119 4.003 0.300 0.503 0.041 4.05 0.134 . O4U 4.002 4100001 46.0W0 Q1II 4.11031 4S Rea value 3.21 11.54 1S.5 7.32 1.46 0.192 0.003 0.3169 0.51 0.051 0.053 0.922 4. 0004 40.002 0.0000L 0.004 L0015 0. O2 1232 OverSta.QS) 0 0 0O 100 100 2S 0 0 0 | I _I I Max.value 3.20 12.30 16.0 3.40 1.A6 0.292 0.010 0.116 1.014 0.065 0.064 0.910 4.0004 4.002 L0000 L.001 LD31 L1000 19U4 t 4in.value 3.11 10.30 15.0 5.16 0.54 0.210 0.003 0.4SI 0.611 0.045 4.Os 0.394 40.0W 40.002 0.00002 6.00017L0013 4.I00I 526 4r - Meanvalue 1.23 11.36 16.0 7.66 0.1S 0.253 0.001 0.531 0.113 0.054 0.054 0.940 4600044.002 0.00009 0.004 L20011 LOO 1141 Dver Sta. Oh_0 .0 0 - / 100 100 I 0 0 0 3 OI I , Ma value 1.2S 11.50 16.3 3.20 2.20 0.215 O.OOS0.5619 0.724 0.05 0.090 0.1I6 4 0004 4.002 L00025 0.006 L 0020 L001 24tU MIA. Value 3.17 10.53 13.2 6.24 0.60 0.156 40.0030.32 0.513 0.04S 40.Os 0.50 O. 000440.002 |LOOOI 01 . W00 0.ON9 4.000 321 meanvalue 3.13 11.32 I5.S 7.31 I.So 0.137 0.003 0.421 0.116 0.050 0.064 0.927 . 00044-.002 0-00006 0.004QOOt 4 0L.OOI239 Over StI.LO) 0 .0 0 I 100 100 36 00 | I I I | 46 Aamlt J-0 tlil;Wed a Mwiltoring II. pH salinity water wD iW m.Marh 14 'Ne 2 Inorganic Inorganlc OiIs F Cr F`a3l W As Ca F ss spot _ tem. _ ni trm phosphurous_ ma. value 1.25 12.02 16.6 1.39 1.96 0.208 0.007 0.543 0.761 0.015 0.062 0.86 4. 0004 40.002 O00005 0.010 0.0c03 I 0020 2301 Mll. value 1.I 10.52 14.2 .a00 0.56 0.144 <0.003 0.320 O.09.0 0.060 40.05 0.836 4.0o4 4.002 0.0G002 4.0007 0.001314.300 320 Meanvalue 1.19 11.44 15.2 3.01 1.22 0.164 0.004 0.442 0.609 0.060 0.053 0.930 4.0004 4W.002 0.0003 IL004 0.014 0I0002 1393 OverSt l() 0 / 0 / / °a I 100 100 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 _ IMa.value 8.36 11.16 16.0 3.20 0.16 0.345 0.006 0.557 0.111 0.069 0.057 0.916 4. 0004 40.002 0.0002# 0.006 0.0023 LOOK 11ii Hirt.value 8.16 10.52 16.0 7.04 0.49 0.113 <0.003 0.375 0.514 0.044 4.05 0.114 4. 0004 4.002 0.0002 4.0001 0.0010 -'.O000 316 meanvalue 3.25 11.05 16.0 3.07 0.13 0.260 0.004 0.493 0.706 0.052 0.054 0.921 c.00014 .002 0.00009 IL010 Q0.00150.0003 656 O.erstaA() 0 / _ O 0a _ - IOD 13 0 0 0 0 a | O0 mam.value 3.30 12.12 11.O .40 1.21 0.2;0 0.201 0.631 0.501 0.060 0.013 1.010 4.0 044.002 0.00016 0.006 0.0021 0.0001 1520 MHii.value 3.15 10.05 15.0 7.26 0.61 0.166 Q.003 0.309 0.601 0.036 4.05 0.872 4*.0004 40.002 0.00002 4.W00 L0013 4C.0002 461 Meanvalue 3.32 11.49 16.0 3.01 0.31 0.301 0.034 0.477 0124 0.046 0.056 0.962 40.00044.002 .D0AWL5 004 LOOI05 OW0 156 OverSteL(Q) 0 0 0 / I - 100 100 36 0 0 0 a 0 0 aI Ax.value 1.43 11.96 17.0 3.40 1.36 0.243 0.006 0.551 0.771 0.050 0.117 1.020 0.0023 4.002 000011 0.0010 LzUll 0.300 1243 Min.value 3.11 10.61 16.0 7.94 0.34 0.156 4.003 0.21 0.556 0.030 41.05 0.04 4.004 4.002 0.00001 4.0001 0.0010 4.|D00 363 Meanvalue 1.25 11.36 16.0 3.05 0.35 0.204 0.004 0.453 0.110 0.045 0.057 0.962 0.0006 40.002 0.00004 0.004 0.0015 L.0M3 163 OverSta.h) 0 O0 0 | 100 10o 30 0 O0 | 0 0 Rawkc (1) llnit of ail prueers xceptPH aw leqerAlureIs wit (2) meansthere Is nostudard for the Itewu (3) walerqualtly at spots1, 40, r cn meetCltss I of Steid"s, others met Cluss11. 47 Table5-16 Monitoringresults ofwater quality in the seaarea along the share of ash groundof Phase11 Project lonitorinq Item PR salinity water DO COD" NHa-NNO,-N N03-N Inorganic Inorganic Oils F Cr Cd co Pb _ spot leap. nitrn phosphurous Has value 8.34 13.92 15.0 9.80 2.17 0.224 0.009 0.736 0.62 0.062 <0.050 0.162 (0.0004 0.00004 0.0022 C.0301 1418 NMi,value 8.26 9.14 15.0 1.40 0.44 0.186 c.003 0.436 0.675 0.040 4. as a.304 4.0004 0.00001 o.0012T41.0009 hhS meanvalue 8.32 11.23 15.0 8.45 1.20 0.207 0.005 0.597 .0.362 0.051 c1.050 0.131 <4.0004 0.00002 0.0017 c.000l 16 Over tS.(%) 0 - a ao _ _oo ioa a 0 0 0 I 0 ' mamvalue 8.30 10.99 15.0 1.61 2.06 0.226 0.006 0.617 0.911 0.064 4.05 0.310 0.0023 0.00010 8.0027 <0.0001 ll30 min.value 8.23 1.10 15.0 7.t2 1.02 0.196 co.003 0.427 O.6S2 0.045 <.05 0.120 <0.0004 0.00001c.0O05 meanvalue 3.27 10.30 15.0 1.34 1.33 0.212 0.004 0.512 0.712 0.053 48.01e .140 0.0003 0.00006 0.0013 40.0001 i5S OverSt.(s%) 0 0 a - _ _ 100 13 0 0 0 O0 Marinawater ClassI 7.5-1.4 i>_5Not c3 0.10 0.015 L0.0 0.10 0.005 0.01 0.05 quality - - increa- - - ______standard Class 11 7.3-8.8 sIng4C >:4 c4 0.20 0.011 0.10 0.10 0.010 0.10 1.19 48 5.2.3.4 Refer to Table 5-16 for Monitoring Results. 5.2.4 An Analysis of the Present Conditions of the Quality of Sea Water 5.2.4.1 An Analysis of the Present Conditions of the Quality of Sea Water along the Shore of the Power Plant (1). According to "Ningbo City Regiunal EnvironmentalAssessment, Planning and Countermeasures Study" Project. the present water quality in sea area of Zhitou section of Beilun is better than that in sesa area west of present area. All water quality parameters can meet the firt class of marine water standards except N. P and oils which only can meet or even exceed the second class of marine water standards. IN (2). Present Monitoring Condition The results of the monitoring of the present conditions of sea area shDwn that the PH, DO. CODR,and harmful matters such as Cr, Cd. Cn, Pb and As at various spots could meet grade 1 sea water quality standard, petroleum group could meet grade 2 quality standard, inorganic nitrogen and inorganic phosphor surpassed grade 3 sea water quality standard. Inorganic nitrogen: The monitored values at all spots were 0.469 mg/L -- 1.014 mg/L. the average values being 0.586 mg/L -- 0.803 mg/L, surpassing grade 3 sea water standard (0.3 mg/L). In the composition of inorganicnitrogen NO-3 -N, accounted for 69%. NO2- N 1%, NH3-N 30%. Inorganic phosphor: The monitored values at all spots were 0.027 mg/L -- 0.075 mg/L. the average values being 0.046 mg/L -- 0.057 mg/L. Surpassing the sea water quality standard (0.045 mg/L). Petroleum: The monitored values at all spots were 0.05 mg/L -- 0.117 mg/L, the average values being 0.051 mg/L -- 0.067mg/L, Of all the spots. No.1, No.4 and No. 7 had an average value of 0.058 mg/L. 0.054 mg/L and 0.054 mg/L respectively, all complying with the grade 2 sea water quality standard, and all the other spots had an average value ranging from 0.05 mg/L to 0.067 mg/L, all surpassing the grade 1 sea water quality standard. The major causes for the values of inorganic nitrogen and inorganic phosphor in the said sea areas surpassing the national standards were mainly the influence of continental runoffs and irrelevant to Beilun Port Power Plant. Since the bed load in this sea area was high, the water was rather turbid, the ability of light to penetrate was reduced and the photosynthesis of algae was restricted. Therefore. it was beneficial in preventing the formation of redtide'. 49 5.2.4.2 An Analysis of the Present Conditions of the Quality of Sea Water along the Shore of the Ash Yard for Phase II Project The result of monitoring the water quality of the assessed sea area along the shore of the ash yard for Phase II project indicated that the water quality conditions were similar to those of the assessed sea area along the shore of the power plant. In the water of the assessed sea area along the shore of to ash yard for Phase II project, inorganicnitrogen and inorganic phosphor surpassed grade 3 sea water standard, while all the other items were monitored to have an average value complying with grade 1 sea water quality standard in GB3097-82. From the above analysis, the quality conditions of the assessed sea area along the shore of the power plant at present can be considered as favorable. 5.3 An Investigationinto the Present Cultivation Conditions of Marine Life, Fishery Resources and Shoal Algae in the Sea Area 5.3.1 Dates and Scope of Investigations Dates of investigation were March 18-20, 1993. Scope of investigation included the sea area along the proposed ash yard for Phase II and the sea area between Beilungang Power Plant and Suanshan crude oil wharf. 5.3.1.2 Section Allocation and Collection of Samples In the sea area along the planned ash yard for Phase II project and the sea area near Beilungang Power Plant, two sections were allocated one for each (see Fig. 5-5 ) to collect samples at the three stations of each section ( Stations A, B. C and stations F. E, D). Surface water sampling method was used. There were 12 quantitative samples and 2 qualitative samples. 5.3.1.3 The Results of Investigation This investigationascertained altogether 19 species of 1 genera of diatoms of the phytoplankton. Three stations A, B, C. in the sea area along the planned ash yard, will f set up. The cell densities were respectively 8 x 10 cells/I. 4 x 103 cells/I, and 4.3 x 10 cells/I. In the sea area near Beilungang Power Plant, the prevailing species was mid-rib bone-striped alga, located at Statipn D. 30 m from shore, the quantity of which reached 40 x 10' cells/I. At Station F, its quantity reached 10 x 10 cells/I. In the sea area along the planned ash yard, the main species at Station C were snake-eyed alga, round- ornament alga, rhombuses alga and 3sea-lined alga. theiij quantities being respectively 4 x 10 cells/l. and 3 x 10 cells/I. At other stations, the quantities of phytoplanktonwere rather low. 50 The Composition of the Average Life Quantities and Species of Life of the Phytoplankton. At the planned ash yard, the average life quantity was 7.7 x 103 cells/I. The species were round-ornament alga (30%), cloth- veined alga (17%). rhombuses alga (38.9%), and sea-lined alga (12.9%). In the sea area near3Beilungang Power Plant, the average life quantity was 20 x 10 cells/l. The species were bone-striped alga at semi-salty estuar-y(83%) . round-ornament alga (6%), sea- lined alga (5%). small circular alga (1.6%). rhombuses alga (1.6),and others (2.8%e). 5.3.2 An Investigationof the Zooplankton in the Assessed Sea Area 5.3.2.1 Dates and Scope of Investigation Dates and scope of investigationare as mentioned above. 5.3.2.2 Section Allocation and Sample Collection Section allocation and samples collection are as mentioned above. The samples collection of zooplankton were done at the bottom. in the middle and on the surface (see Fig. 5-5). 5.3.2.3 The Results of Investigation The zooplankton in the investigatedarea were identified to have 17 species of 9 genera (refer to the list of animal species). The composition of life quantities and species: In the sea area at the drainage outlet of ths planned ash yard, the average life quantity was 45.83 cell/m . The prevailing species was the Zhonghuotuixu beach louse at the semi-saltx estuary, whose life quantity reached a high va6lueof 100 cell/mr at Station C and had a low value of 20 cell/mr at Station B. In the sea area near Beilqngang Power Plant, the average life quantity was 34.94 cell/mr, slightly lower than that in the planned area. The prevailing species were the Zhongzhencichunjiaobeach louse along the low-salt shore and the Zhonghuotuixu beach louse at Pengxian ettuary, whose quantities reached a high value of 50 -- 100 cell/! primarily at Station E. and had a rather low value of 20 el1'l at Station D. In the qualitative net, the prevailing species of collected zooplankton was the young uarntisshrimps. 5.3.3 An Investigationof Life in the Tidal Zone 5.3.3.1 Historical Data of Intertidal Range Organic Survey in Ningbo Sea Area 51 Contrast surveys of benthos of intertidal range at the same section were carried out by the Second Institute of Oceanography in 1977 before the Zhejiang Oil Refinery was put into operation and in 1987-10 years later. The results of benthos in part of intertidal range in Ningbo City is changing because it was impacted by land-based pollution sources. The contrast surveys of benthos of intertidal range nearby the discharge outlet of Zhenhai Petrochemical Factory (General) show that the number species and biomass of intertidal l range benthos in the region decrease evidently. One to two kinds of pollution-resisting species have dominant, biodiversity is ( losing and the ecological equilibrium begins to be destroyed. 5.3.3.2 Dates and Scope of Investigation Dates and scope of investigationare as mentioned before. 5.3.3.3 Section Allocation and Samples Collection There were altogether four sections, two of which in the sea area of the planned ash yard (Section 1 and Section 2), two in the sea area near Beilungang Power Plant (Section 3 and 4) (see Fig. 5-3). At each section. a group of samples were collected respectively during the high, middle and low tidal area. The inside and outside treatment was in accordance with the n Rules for the Investigation of Life in the Tidal Zone Made during the Comprehensive Survey of the National Seashore Belts and Tidal Flat Resources '. 5.3.3.4 The Results of Investigation The results of investigation concerning the life in the tidal zone of the two said sea areas ascertained altogether 24 species of 4 genera of animals and plants. (refer to the list of species of life in the tidal zone) Life quantities and species: beyond the planned ash dy e, life in the tidal zone had an av erage quantity of 627.74 g/m , and an average number of 547 g/m . The component species-were the crustacean (60)., the mollusc (38%), hairy animals (1.4%)Z.iNear Beilungang Power P1ant, life in the tida zi6Eihd an average 2 quantity of 360 g/m , and an average number of 1048 g/m . Table 5-17 shows the composition of life in the tidal zone of the assessed sea area. 52 Table5-17 OrganismComposition in Intertidal Range nearby the Drainage OutLet of AshGround to Be Constructedand theBeilun Power Plant 1. Ashground 2. Ashground 3. BeiLunPort 4. BeilunPort of Zhenhai of Zhenhai PowerPLant PowerPlant Uim2 Biomass 11.2 Biomass I/mn Biomass I/m2 Biomass 2 2 -GlmZG/n Glm2U/n/r G1m2/2Q2 G/mz Hairy 16 0.32 592 3.36 16 0.48 aninals MotLusc 116 2.28 300 1165 1360 6.40 16 13.92 Crust- 616 79.36 416 7.52 32 19.36 80 28.48 acean Total 748 82.96 716 1172.521984 29.12 112 42.88 5.3.4 The Present Conditions of Fishery Resources 5.3.4.1 Fishery Resources In the water of the sea area near Beilungang Power Plant, the major species of fish of economic value included salamander, malchang, baby croaker, anchovy, Bombay duck, butterfish, -swimming crab. spinetailedwhite shrimp and other small varieties oi73shrimpJellyfishi The major economic products of the bach land included mud-snail, meiclam. blue crab, sand crab. etc. With respect to the background of its impact, it is now being studied by responsibledomestic and foreign consultingCo.s aided by the World Bank under the subject of ' Study on the Sea Environment at Hangzhou Bay and Zhoushan Fishing Ground ". The fuction of the sea area of Zhitou section in Beilun is mainly navigation, and considerationwill also be given to environmental condition for activities of marine living things. Catches of economic fishes in,the sea area near Beilungang Power Plant were relatively low :-- In recent years, the eel resources of this sea area were still rather rich, the annual catches amounted to 80 -- 90 Kg. 5.3.4.2 An Investigationof Shallow Sea Fishery The shallow sea fishery of Beilun sea area was a small-scale working zone, boasting about 300 fishing ships. 5.3.4.3 Beach Cultivation There is a little seabeach cultivation in the area. Formerly there was only 50 -- 60 nu of ground for leech cultivation, with an average output of 15 x 15 km/mu. After the construction of the projects. the related department of local government will 53 make 24 economicalcompensation for fishermenand arrangement for their new job and new home. The living level of fishermen now is better than that in the past, they all express satisfaction with this. Beilun sea area cultivation ground was concentrated Daxie Island and Sunsh.arnHarbour. According to the general plan for Ningbo City, on the north side of Beilun sea area, no sea water cultivation would be developed in the future. 5.4 The Present Conditions of the Quality of Noisy-Environment 5.4.1 The Monitoring of the Present CondiLiuncsof the Quality of Noisy Environment 5.4.1.1 Dates and Places of Monitoring Monitoring dates: November, 1991 For allocation of monitoring spots refer to Fig. 5-6. 5.4.1.2 Monitoring Methods Monitoring methods are followed " Measuring Methods for Urban EnvironmentNoises - and - MonitoringRules Concerning Industrial Business Noises " (GB3222-82). a Ef b c d e III. 5-5 Allocation of monitoring spots for turbo-generatorsets Measuring apparatuses employed were the Danish B/K2209 precise acoustic gauge and the double-frequency range wave filter which was used to measure equipment noises. 5.4.1.3 Monitoring Items The equipment noises of: steam turbine of unit 1. boiler, ash pump. circulating water pump, coal mill, economizer, deaerator steam outlet, etc. 54 The environmentalnoises of workshops with rather strong acoustic sources; The environmental noises of the central control room, office building. sound proof shift room; The noises at the power plant is within its boundary region. 5.4.2 Measurement Results For the results of measurement refer to Table 5-18, Table 5-19, Table 5-20. 5.4.3 An Analysis of the Present Conditions of Noises 5.4.3.1 Noise Level of Equipment The level of noises of steam turbines, generators and exciters could all meet the prescribed values (namely standard values) of the "noise grade requirement for major equipment as set by the power plant". The level of noises of auxiliary equipment such as coal mills and ash slurry pumps were below the prescribed values. 55 Table 5-18Measured data of equipmentnoise unit: dB(A) Nameof sound sound Spectrumanalysis (Hz) equipment level level _ of A of C 31.5 65 125 250 500 Ik 2k 4k a 91.5 97 85 96 86.5 56 96.5 86.5 84.5 8Z Turbo-III generator b 88.5 96.5 84 95.5 88.5 65.5 86 53 80 79 c 89 97 84 94.5 93.5 87.5 86.5 83 80.5 79 set d 90 98.5 83.5 96.5 96.5 86.5 87.5 84 80.5 81 a 91 1D0 85.5 98 97.5 88 87.5 84 80.5 184 f 90 96.5 84 93.5 90 87 87.5 85.5 81 80 Coal-milling 94.5 95.5 83 90 83 82 *84 82 B5 92 machine Coal saving 118 121 110 117 115 113 110 108 105 103 set .5 Air blower 102 103 86 83 87 90 102.5 97 96 90 Blower 91 93 86 82 82.5 72 73 85 81 69 Mortar pump 89 90.5 80s1 77 79.5 84 86 82.5 77 Cycling 92 93.5 82 85 84 83 84.5 8B.5 89 74 water pinp Table5-19 WorkshopNoise Monitoring Data unit:LdBA) Nameof Workshop MonitoringNumber, Noise Frade Sphere steamengine house 6 B3 -- 89.5 0 m story steam engine house B 87.5-- 89.5 6 m story steam enginehouse a B7 -- 90 12m story boiLer house 8 89 -- 93 O m story boiLerhouse B 79 -- 81 IZ m story ash-dregspump house 4 R7 -- 88 centra!water pump 4 80 -- 89 house generalcontrolling 2 54 -- 55 roon shiftroom of ash- 1 61 pulppump house productiveoffice 4 63 -- 68 buiLding 57 TabLe 5-20 FactoryBorder District Environment NoisesMonitoring Data Monitoring equalefficiency acoustic grade A spotnumber daytime night I 56 55 2 57.5 49.3 3 57.5 50 4 55 51.7 5 43.5 50.5 6 51.5 59.0 1 69 70 _ 61 66.3 9 62 60 10 75.5 74.1 11 71.9 70 12 73.9 71 13 75.9 73 14 76.9 73 15 74.2 72 58 The broad frequency band noises produced by primary air fan and ID fan exceeded the prescribed value by about 10 dB(A). It is suggested that factory side ought strictly check on contract and request that the noise levels of imported equipment should meet the requirement of environmental quality standard. 5.4.3.2 Workshop Noises In the turbine house at El. 6 m and El. 12 m as well as boiler house El. 0.0 m, the noise grade values were all exceeded 85 dB(A). Thc central control room and the sound proof shift room in various workshops could all meet the prescribed values. 5.4.3.3 The Environmental Noises of the Plant Area The noise sources within the power plant were concentrated in the area where the turbine house and boiler house were located. During measurement, the power plant was not yet in regular operation. The deaerator continuously ejected steam 20 m from the ejection nozzle, the noise-grade value reached 102 dB(A). At the door of the main office building. 60 m from the ejection nozzle, the value reached 98 dB(A). Since the noise at the power plant boundary was rather far from the main building. it could meet the noise requirements of the living quarters. 59 VI. Main Pollution Source & Potential Environmental Problems 6.1 Analysis of the Main Pollution Sources 6.1.1 Source of waste gas pollutions Smoke from building coal is one of the main pollution sources at Beilungang Power Plant. The most harmful elements of such population are sulphur dioxide on the basic characteristics that the main air pollutant is S02. The dust removal design for Phase II is the same as in Phase I. that is, each 600 MW generating unit will be equipped with a five electric fields electrostatic precipitator. Its dust removing efficiency can reach above 99.5%. The chimney of Phase I is 240 meters height, the lay out is one chimney for one boiler. In Phase II. the height of remains the same, but the lay out of the chimney will be selected from designs of "one chimney for one boiler " or one combined chimney for two boilers'. From the environmental point of views, the latter can improve the thermodynamic life of smoke, and is good for reducing the ground surface concentration of pollutants. Table 6-1 shows the emission of air pollutants in Phase I & II. The parameters adopted in the related calculation are as follows: Ash of burning coal: A=19.77% . Sulphur content in burning coal: SY=0 .6 3% . Lower heating value of burning coal Q=5360 Kcal/Kg - Emission coefficient of sulphur dioxide: K=0.9 . Dust removing efficiency: =99.5% Where: Y: applied base of coal Dw: low-order thermal value a: ash content 6.1.2 Sources of Waste Water 6.1.2.1 Production Waste Water (Class-one Waste Water) 60 Class-one waste water is composed of the regeneration waste water from the chemical make-up water treatment system, the regenerated waste water from the condensatc treatment system, and mixed drainage from the auxiliary boiler house, etc. This type of waste water is mainly due to its unqualified PH value. Its quality can satisfy the requirements of the National Standard for Discharge (GB8978-88)once it has been treated with acid-base neutralization reaction. The total amount of discharged waste water per day is 987 m3 in Phase 1, which has already employed a set of class-one waste water treatment equipment, whose process flow is the same as that of the first one, is planned for Phase II (Please refer to Diagram 6-1). The tWtal amount of #1 waste water discharged per day is 902 m in Phase II. Please refer to Table 6-2 for its discharge sources. Diagram 6-1 Normal Production Waste Water Treatment Process Flow |Waste water storag zatio P-- Final monitoring pool Discharge of qualified water unqualified water returns to class-two waste water treatment system 61 Table 6-1 Basic Data Review Items unit Phase I Phase I & Remarks ______II ______I power output MW 2 x 600 4 x 600 coal ton/hr 577 3 1154 consumption ton/year 37.5 x 10 75.0 x 10 amount of smoke m3lhr 6.36 x 106 12.7 x 106 temperatur e at out ______le t: 110 0C quantity of NOx ton/hr 2.35 4.70 discharged _ quantity of S02 to/hr 6.462 12.923 discharged floating dust ton/hr 1.044 2.088 discharged quantity of ash ton/hr 130.5 261 coal ash discharged powder: 90% ______cinder: 10X' class-one waste m3/day 987 1889 Drainage water from coal water yard & class-two waste m3/year 234250 268500 burning water treatment 3 is not class-three m /year 4500 9000 included waste water waste water m3 /day 780 1560 with oil content sanitary sewage m3/day 470 700 washing water M3/hr 475 950 cooling water m3/s 35.46 70.92 Max. t emperatur e increase at outlet ______i__ _ _ _ is8l6C 62 Table 6-2 Quantity of Dischar-ed Class-one Waste Water in Phase I & II uni: m:/d class-one waste water Phase I Phase II Total regenerated waste water from 160 80 240 the make-up water treatment system _ regenerated waste water from 212 212 424 the condensate treatment system sewage 605 605 1210 waste water from laboratory 10 5 15 Total 9O7 902 1889 6.1.2.2 Infreqient Production Vaste uater (Class-tvo Waste Water) Class-two waste water refer to thlemashing 'later acid cleaning and drainage from the coal yard. etc. It is characterized by lai-ge instantaneous flow and complex uater quality; lience. %hen treating it. it besides adjusting its pH value. The process flow is shown in diagram 6-2. Diagram 6-2 Infreqtuent Production Waste. Water- Processing Flow |uaste water stora;e pool|4----- 0ixd izat i n poo!| 'olume \ = 90000 m Flocculating acents Floculatina aid Settling Dool Neutralizatiosn poni| 'Discharge (water .hat does not meet standar-d returni to oxidation pool) 63onretrat r,|nrronz=_ sludge 63 The class-two waste water treatment process is quite complicated, but often required. The 600 MW generation unit needs acid cleaning once every 2 years, and the air preheater needs washing every 6 months. Based on the maximum demand of washing water of 8000 mrnSime and the working efficiency of the treatment system of 100 m/h. we find the treatment can be completed in 80 hours which means, this treatment system has redundant capacity. The redundant capacity of waste water treatment system of Phase I can be used to satisfy the increased processing demand of Phase II. The total amount of class-two waste water produced in Phase I & 11 is shown in the below: Table 6-3 Quantity of Class-two Waste Water class-two water quantity generation annual total waste water cycle I washing water 8000 once every f4000 from the air mr/unit/time 6 months/unit m /year preheater washing water 2250 once every 4500 after boiler M3/unit/time 2 years/unit m3/year acid cleaning drainage from 100 m3/H not fixed according to the coal yard its actual L______va lu e 6.1.2.3 Boiler Acid Cleaning Water (Class-threeWaste Water) The major constituent of class-three waste water is organic citric acid. Its burning device has been installed in Phase I. Diagram 6-3 shows the flow. Diagram 6-3 Boiler acid cleaning waste water processing flow acid. alkalin lWaste water storag Fpoolrati n7-B-___inng IcabinetJ -4~~~~eBu Bunine . Considering that one boiler being acid washed once every two years,3and the amount of organic acid waste water produced is 4500 m each time, then the annual total anount of waste water generated in Phase I & 11 would be about 9,000 m. 3 The present processing capacity of the burning devices is 5 m3/h, so that device can finish its processing in about 2.5 months; therefore. this treatment system is not required to extend in Phase II. 64 of the top of the dyke is 7 m. The elevation of the top of the breakwater dyke is 9 m and that of ash pile 6.5 m. The length of the main dyke can be 1.3 Km when thc sto'age capacity is 20.09 million m . The storage yard is 4.109 m in area; when the storage capacity increase to 11.6 km and that of the conmmunic0tiondyke 2.75 km. with a yard area of 8.625 million m. 6.1.4 Sources of Noise (a) Noise from Mechanical Force The noises produced by machine operation. vibration, friction. and collision are mainly of low and medium frequencies. (b) Noises from Aerodynamic Force The noises caused by high-pressure airflow movement, expansion throttle down, exhaust and steam pipes are in high, medium and low frequencies. Noises caused by all kinds steam exhaust are supper high noise, they are most disturbing to the environment. (c) Combustion Noise It comes from fuel burning, gasification & flue gas convection inside the boiler. It belongs to loN & medium frequencies. (d) ElectromagneticNoise The noise produced by electric motors, exciters. transformers and other equipment in the magnetic field alternation movement are mainly of low and medium frequencies. (e) Traffic Noise (BTPP area) Generally, the noises made by running trucks, ships and buses and their horns & hooters can be of high, medium and low frequencies. The horns & hooters noise belongs to high frequency. (f) Other Noises They come from water power, water cooling, broadcasting and human activities, they are mainly of medium and high frequencies. Among the above six types of noises, the major source of noise comes from the noise equipment concentrated in the main power house at BTPP. 6.2 Preliminary Analysis of Potential Environmental Problems 68 6.2.1 Effects of Air Pollution According to the investigation of the same kind of power plants, the air pollution that may arise in this project mainly comes sulphur dioxide in the emission of flue gas. which may harm the residential area and vegetation bear BTPP. especially under unfavorable weather condition like temperature inversion. 6.2.2 Effect on Water Quality of the Sea Area Various kinds of production waste water. sanitary sewage (organic pollutants) and overflow water front the ash yard (basic pollutLant discharged from BTPP) may pollute the nearby sea area. According to existing monitoring data, the content of heavy metals in ash water is very low (lower than national 'l d.s.c.arge standards,., se.e_.ab.Le -2i-.,the impactiFwIiT&1FTs 7;- relatively'little. 6.2.3 Effect on the Underground Water Sources that might pollute underground water within the construction area of the project can be the ash water of high PH value from the ash yard. its permeation to the ash yard soil and its consequences. 6.2.4 Effect on the Ecological Environment This project constructed in the coastal region of Beilun. Various production waste water, sanitary sewage and circulating cooling water (warm drainage) generated in operation will be discharged into Jingtang sea area finally; and that can harm the aquatic organism in the sea area. Near BTPP is a small beach area without any cultivation. A beach area of 180 hectares within the planned Niluo Hill Ash Yard in Zhenhai will be taken over for use and the present small-scale aquatic breeding there will no longer exist when the ash yard is constructed. 6.2.5 Land Requisition and Resettlement Problems The land requisition at Beilun area totaled 104.1 hectares for Phase I; meanwhile, the dismantled houses totaled 2212.6 m (including 758.7 m? of flat houses. 422.8 M of storied buildings and 1031 m2 of sheds). The comprehensive migration fee was RMB 244,600 and 1012 persons will be settle down in Xinqi town within Beilun area. (refer to special report on resettlement for detail). Phase II is to be constructed at the same site as for Phase I, therefore, problems of land requisition and resettlement will not be involved. 69 VII Impact of Construction upon the Environment 7.1 Appraisal pon the Quality of Atmosphere 7.1. 1 The Observation of the Climatic Pollution and Its Results During the pre-construction stage of Phase I Project, the appraisal on the influence of atmosphere, organized by the Environmental Protection Research Institute of the Ministry of Energy, was concentrated on field observations, observationson. the hot inner boundary layer, and tracing tests the circulation of air with double elements SF6--1211. The data has been processed and put forward relevant parameters used in model calculation. These results have been approved by national experts. In order to link up the atmospheric appraisal of Phase II with the above-mentioned observations, it is necessary to introduce briefly the second term observations and its results for references. A: Contents of the Test Observatios of the climatic pollution in different times and the results have been listed in Table 7-1. 7.1-1 B: Major Results (a) Wind Speeds and Directions over the Earth's Surface According to the topographicfeatures of the Beilun area, the air patterns around the plant site can be divided into air flow towards the Shore (NW-NE). air flow from the Shore (SE-SW) and air flow along the Shore (ENE-ESE,WSE-WNW). The frequency of occurrence of these winds are 38%, 29% and 27% respectively. The tranquility frequency is 6%. The circulation of land & sea breeze around this area is rather pronounced. According to the observation of Zhenhai Meteorological Station which is located at 9 km west of the factory area of present project, the frequency of occurrence of the above-mentionedair circulation is detailed in Table 7-2. In general, the speed of the sea breeze is greater than that of the land breeze. The speed of the sea breeze is 3.5 m/s, and that of the land breeze is 2.1 m/s. 70 Table 7-1 Contents of observations on climatic pollution during Phase I Project Date of Major contents observation July 14 - The hour by hour wind speeds and directions Aug., 1986 over the earth's surface, the observation of which lasted for ten months from beginning to end, the essential factors of the climate over the earth's surface, the wind speed near the earth's surface, the vertical distribution of wind speed and temperature, the air circulation locus (balanceballs), diffusion parameters. January, 1987 The hour by hour wind speeds and directions over the earth's surface, the essential factors of the climate over the earth's surface, the wind speed near the earth;s surface. the vertical distribution of wind speed and temperature. May -- The hour by hour wind speeds and directions June,1987 over the earth's surface, the essential factors of the climate over the earth's surface, the vertical distribution of wind speed and temperature, the degree of stability of the atmosphere, the turbulence near the earth's surface. the tracing test with double elements SF6 -- 1211, the lifting height of flue gas, _the diffusion parameters 11 Table 7-2 The frequency of occurrence of sea breeze and land breeze in Beilun area Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Frequency 16.1 21.4 19.4 26.7 35.5 36.7 41.9 Month 8 9 10 11 12 Ave- * ~~~~~~~~~~~rage Frequency [ 48.4 43.3 35.5 30.0 22.6 31.5 71 (b) The Wind Varies according to the Changes in Height According to the analysis on the air circulationpatters, the air circulation in this area changes its direction in tour patterns according to the changes in height, they are rightwise (62%), leftwise (15%). tranquil pattern (7%) and irregular pattern (16%). According to the analysis obtained, wind speed changes in four patterns according to the changes of its height, they are increasing pattern(23%), uni-extreme pattern (38%), multi- extremes (27%) and the balanced pattern (12%). But in most cases, the wind merely increases from the earth's surface to the height of 200 meters. This can be shown in exponential form. According to statistics, the exponential indices under different stability conditions are shown in Table 7-3. Table 7-3 Wind Speed Profile Indices |Stability B, C D E Index 0.24 0.35 0.43 (c) Features of Temperature Inversion According to the analysis on the patterns obtained from observations, it is easy to obtain the features of temperature inversion in this area. The results are shown in Table 7-4. From these results, it is clear that the frequency of temperature inversion close to the earth surface is the highest when caused by the radiation cooling in winter. In summer, it is lower, the frequency of temperature inversion within the hot inner boundary layer is just the reverse. (d) The Height of Hot Inner Boundary Layer From the three observationspots vertical to the seashore, it is easy to get the vertical distribution of temperature. Through fitting, it is easy to get the relation between the height of the hot inner boundary layer and the distance away from the seashore in this area. h(x) = 3.73 xi/? Other results, such as the lifting height of the flue gas, diffusion parameters, will be described later. 72 Table 7-4 Frequency of temperature inverslon and height during observation period Month January l temperature temperature within the boundary inversion inversion hot inner layer patterns close to boundary temperature the earth layer inversion surface l average height 50 70 400 , ( 'I) ______I__ frequency of 76 20 23 occurrence month June temperature temperature within the boundary inversion inversion hot inner layer patterns close to boundary temperature the earth layer inversion ,surface average height 50 70 457 (3{) _ _ _ _ l__ frequency of 32 64 37 occurrence month July temperature temperature within the boundary inversion inversion hot inner layer patterns close to boundary temperature the earth layer inversion surface average height 50 70 550 (m) frequency of 40 64 33 occurrence Meteorological oservation jata or Phase I Project from July of 1986 to June of 1987. 73 7.1.2 Analysis of the Intensity of AtmosphericPollution Sources The intensity of flue gas dust and S02 emission source of Phase I & 11 is shown in Table 7-5. Because of the adoption of 5-field electrostatic precipitators, the dust removal efficiency can attain 99.5% and above, the granular diameter of smoke dust at outlet is less than 10 un. Therefore, the flue gas dust shown in the table is actually drifting dust. Table 7-5 The Intensityof Flue Gas Enission Source of Beilungang Volume Flue gas dust S02 (mg/s) Volume of Flue (mg/s) _ gas (m3/s) 600 MW 145000 897556 883 Phase 11 290000 1795112 1766 2 x 600 MW _ Phase I & II 580000 3590224 3566 4 x 600 MW During Phase II construction, there are two alternatives to arrange the chimneys. The first alternative is to set up a 240 m high chimney for each unit. The internal diameter of the chimney is 6.5 n (Phase I was 7 m ). The second alternative is to set up a 240 m high double-chimney for both units. The internal diameter of each chimney is 6.5 meters. There are altogether three chimneys for Phase I & II arranged in one line and Perpendicular to the coast line. The spacing between chimneys is 100 meters. They are all Northeastern in direction. In the following chapters, calculations and analysis will be made analyze basing on the second alternative and then compare with the first alternative to get the final results. According to the volume of flue gas emitted, the rate of flow can be calculated for chimneys with inner diameters of 7 m & 6.5 m, they are 23 m/s and 26.6 m/s respectively. The flue gas exhaust temperature being about 1100C 7.1.3 Selection of Prediction Mode 7.1.3.1 Concentration Prediction Mode for One Time only The geographic feature of the plant area is a coastal plain near the seashore. The calculation of surface concentration at one time (30 minutes in average) can be made by means of high point source mode recommended by National Standard (GB3840-83): 74 Q y7 He2 c(x.y) = ------exp( - -- )exp( - ---,) IC aEor 2 72 0. 7.1.3.2 Typical Daily Mean Concentration Calculation Mode Utilizing the existing space detection data, select a representative climate day, calculate the concentration 6-8 times. 30 minutes a time. hour by hour for a day and then the daily mean concentration can be obtained. i.e. Where: N-observation times in a day The formula for calculating Ci is the same as that for calculating the concentration at one time, but not all the concentrationsare on the axis. It has something to do with the wind direction. ci = e.e x = x' cos O y x' sin 9 where: refers to the subtending angle between the concentration calculation line and the axis of the smoke plume, x' is the distance from the calculation point to the source, x is the wind distance under the smoke plume axis. 7.1.3.3 The Heavy Smoke under the Hot Inner Boundary Layer According to the observation results on the hot inner boundary layer in Beilun area obtained by the Environmental Protection Research Institute of the Ministry of Energy, the height of the hot inner boundary layer caused by the intrusion of sea breeze and the distance from the sea shore relationship. h(x) = 3.73 xi/? 75 By means of this formula, it is possible to analyze and find the distance of heavy smoke produced within the hot inner boundary layer. The following formula can be used to show the dislance from the initial-rising of heavy smoke, i.e. the intersection between the lower boundary of the plume and the top of the hot inner boundary layer. h(x) = Hg- 2.150 z (x) The difference between x and x' is that the former refers to the distance away from the chimney and the latter refers to the distance away from 'he seashore. By means of the effective hetightof the flue gas obtained under stable condition, together with the formula for finding the diffusion parameters and integratingwith the relationship of hot inner boundary layer, it can be found that for single barrel chimney, the nearest distance from the chimney during the initial rise of heavy smoke is 7 Km and intersect the smoke flow axis at 23.5 Km. There is no intersection Point between the upper boundary of smoke flow and the hot inner boundary layer. For cluster type chimney, the distances are 9 Km and 31 Km respect-vely within our predicted range of 30 Km. Only slightly more than 1/2 of the smoke enters the hot inner boundary layer to form heaMw smoke, therefore, the estimate is conservative. In predicting the concenMwation of heavy smoke, it is assumed that once the smoke enters the hot inner boundary layer they combine and become heavy smoke. The formula used in the calculation is as follows: 4 t7jChCI) A7l - F >_ Oi4 '-Ie 1p_(A@t)-Ii'u)t1 where: I -diffusion coefficient under heavy smoke. The concentration between the distance (7 kilometers) where the heavy smoke originally rises to the predicted area, can be estimated by integration. The details of which will be illustrated in the chapters on predictions hereafter. 76 7.1.4 Selection of Parameters The major parameters in the imitating calculations include the degree of the atmosphericstability, diffusion parameters and the lifting height of the smoke. The diffusion parameters and the rising height of the heavy smoke hereafter are obtained according to the test results of the Environmental Protection Research Institute of Ministry of Energy. The details are described as follows: 7.1.4.1 Rising Height Unstable and neutral: (Briggs formula) A H = 2.3 Qh113 Hs213 u-1 Stable: (Briggs formula) L H 0.87 (Qh/Us)112 T Qh= 84.5 ---- Qv Ts S= (1) The various parameters used in the formula are explained as follows: u = average wind speed around the mouth of chimney ( m/s ) Hs = height of the chimney (i) Qv = rate of flow of the smoke (mls) D T = the difference of temperature between smoke and the environment A) Ts = smoke temperature (OK) 0 = Position of the layer (OK) (2) Atmospheric Diffusion Parameters The diffusion parameters are obtained according to the actual measurement results and have been revised by the Environmental Protection Research Institute of t.heMinistry of Energy. In the 77 test field observations were carried out by using balance ball and iron tower and diffusion experiments by double element tracer, the results were compared with calculated curves of P-G. Briggs and BNL, etc. The diffusion parameters are expressed in the form of ax . Table 7-6 and Table 7-7 show the diffusion parameter under the conditions of wind blowing along the shore and towards the shore. Table 7-6 Atmospheric Diffusion parameters while the wind is blowing towards the shcre stability _ _ | _ , degree ______~~a b a b A - B 0.4411 0.0601 0.4652 0.8231 C 0.4210 0.0505 0.3522 0.8217 D 0.3327 0.0011 0.2496 0.7867 E - F 0.2019 0.7912 0.1916 0.7169 Table 7-7 Atmospheric diffusion parameters while the wind is blowing along the shore stability _ __ __ degree b b A - B 0.4611 0.0001 0.3852 0.8530 C 0.4411 0.8701 0.0452 0.8331 D 0.2912 0.8212 0.2201 0.8013 E - F 0.2306 0.7918 0.2156 0.6825 Table 7-6 and Table 7-7 are taken from the n SupplementaryReport on the Appraisal of Atmospheric Environment of Beilungang Power Plant ' made by the Environmental Protection Research Institute of the Ministry of Energy. In addition, in consideration of the influenceof wind directions and the high smoke temperature. the diffusion parameters are revised as follows: = (d, -t (o XaB)237 78 The value of i is taken from Table 7-8. Table 7-B Deviation Angle of Wind Direction To Be Taken Into Consideration stability degree A - B C D E - F | AB (radian) 0.087 0.140 | 0.209 0.279 * These results are taken 'rom the supplementary report made by the Environmental Protection Research Institute of the Ministry of Energy Considering the influence of the hot buoyancy of smolteupon the vertical diffusion, Pasquill's revision method is also used to modify the vertical diffusion parameters as follows: Gc = 1 2 + ( 4H2/1O)]0 1 2 7.1.4.3 Miscellaneous Using 5-year weather data, which was obtained based on data of field measurement by using small ball, of the coastal area and by means of Pasquill Method, the monthly atmospheric stability distributioncan be shown as in Table 7-9-1. Categorizing shows the atmosphericstability in this area is mostly of D group while C and E come next. In carrying out ordinary prediction calculations, under various stability state, the average wind speed at the mouth of the chimney is taken as follows: unstable 4.3 m/s; neutral 5.2 m/s stable 2.8 m/s 12 7.1.5 Analysis on the Results of Predication 7.1.5.1 Permissible Emission of SO2 and Flue Gas Dust In accordance with the national standard n Atmospheric Pollutants Emission Standard for Coal-fired Power Plants " (GB 13223-91), the permissible emission of SO2 and flue gas dust at Beilungang Power Plant can be calculated and analysed and check whether they can meet the requirements. 79 (a) Permissible Emission of SO? Phase I & 1I belong to multi-chimney emission in which the formula used for calculating the permissible emission of S02 is taken from the national standard mentioned above. Since in the said standard, there is no parameter for the coastal area, therefore, basing on the topographic features of Beilun area, most part of which is flat, rough approximation is made taking the very area as the plain area in the countryside. 2 5 Qso2 = 3.608 UHg07 x 106 1 N Hg = H where: U. - The average wind speed at the height of C chimneys in Beilungang Power Plant have the same height, U = Ui. U here is taken as 5.2 m/s which is the average wind speed at the mouth of the chimney under neutral stability state. Hg - The equivalent source height of N chimneys. The two chimneys constructed in Phase I have the same equivalent source height. The chimneys constructed in Phase II are of clustered type. They have higher equivalent source than that of Phase I. He = Hs +AH Here, the formula for calculatingAH is as follows: ,iH = 1.427 Qh'1 3 Hs2/1 / u Qh= 1.38 VOA T According to the parametersprovided by the designing department, Vo is calculated as follows: Ve = 883 x 273 /(273 + 110) = 629 NM3 /s As for the clustered type chimneys, vo =2 x 629 NMj3/s, A T = 110 - 16.5 = 93.5 K 80 Here the environmental temperatureon the top of the chimney is 16.5iC.which was converted Irom the annual average temperature provided by Zhenhai Metorological Station. According to the above-mentioned parameters and calculation method, the chimneys constructed in Phase I is H = 458 meters. The chimneys constructed in Phase 11 are H = 578 meters. Furthermore, Hg = 740 meters, Qso2 = 17.83 T/h. As the emission of S02 in Phase I & JI Projects amounts to 12.923 TJh(detail s owwnin.3Tabl.e6-1), when burning the designe coa , nfie eiTssion of SO in Phase I & lI can meet the requirements of the National Stanlards (GB13223-91). (b) Analysis of Permissible Emission from the Chimney The following formula used in the calculation: co Csake= 1.7 K a where: K=1, a=1.7, C' = ash content of coal, being less than 20%. The permissibleconcentratioz- emitted from the chimney according to GB-13223-91 is 200mg/Nm . According to Table 7-5, the concentrationof lust emitted from Beilungang Power Plant is 164 mg/mi = 230 mg/Nm , which is larger than the acceptable volume. If the dust-removal efficiency is calculated at 99%, the concentrationof dust emitted from Beilungang Power Plant-cannot meet the requirements. It is necessary to raise the dust-removal efficiencyof the precipitatorwhich should be larger than 99.13% in order to meet the requirements. According to the design requirementsof the precipitator in Beilungang Power Plant, the dust-removal efficiency can reach 99.6%. In this case, under normal condition. the emission of flue gas dust in Beilungang Power Plant can meet the standard requirements. 7.1.5.2 Prediction of Surface Concentration at One Time (a) Prediction Results: The parameters used in the prediction and the calculated effective height of the flue gas are detailed in Table 7-9. The wind speed illustratedin this table has been converted into the height of the chimney of 240 meters. In the following analysis; clustered type of chimney is considered unless otherwise specified. 81 Table 7-9 The average wind speed and the effective height of flue gas under various stability states Item Item______|unstable neutral stable average wind speed (mWs) 4.3 5.2 2.0 effective height of the flue gas (meter) (single 784 690 571 chimney) _ effective height of the flue gas (meter) 925 806 657 (clusteredchimney) s According to the informaton of the 'nvironmenal Protection Resaserch Institute. Under shoreward wind condition, the surface concentration prediction results of various wind directions downstream of the chimney are listed in Table 7-10. The horizontal distribution of surface concentration under 3 different stability states with Phase I and 11 added together are shown in Fig. 1, 2 and 3. The Max. concentration along the axis and values exceeding standard requirements are shown in the last column of Table 7-10. From the Prediction results of surface concentration at one time, it can be seen that under normal meteorological conditions, the emission of S02 and drifting dust from Beilungang Power Plant I & II projects will not exceed the national atmospheric qualit standard. The Max. surface concentration of S02 is 0.218 mg/m (unstableatmospheric layer junction) accounting for 64.8% of the national standard value, which is overlapped with background values, estimated by medium values. in the area. The Max. concentration of drifting dust is 0.037 mg/mu. accounting for 7.4% of the national standard value. Under different stability conditions, the range of the sphere of influence is different. Under unstable condition, the Max. concentration is nearest to the rower plant, with a distance of almost 5 km, being 0.218 mg/m; while under stable condition, the Max. surface concentration is farthest from the power plant, even exceeds the city of Ninfbo where the surface concentration is the Min., being 0.132 mg/m . Under neutral condition, the Max. surface concentration is about 14 Km from the power plant, which is 0.162 mgImu. 82 (b) An Analysis of the Influence to Ningbo City Ni&gbo city is situated WSW of Beilun Power Plant, 25-28 km away. The population is 0.559 million. It is the political, economic and cultural center in this area. The data of normal atmospheric monitor in Ningbo area in recent years are detailed in Table 7- 11. which is carried out in accordance with the National Monitoring Standards, and the locations of monitoring spots are shown in Fig. 7-3a. The data show that Ningbo area has been influenced by SO, and pollutants of TSP, especially SO2 in winter. In spite of this, the quality of atmospheric in this area still meets the national atmospheric quality standtrd of grade two (GB3095), th enaximum value of S02 is 0.77 mg/i . From the results given in Table 7-10, it can be seen that the Max. concentration of S02 falling into lingbo city under unstable atmospheric conditions is 0.043 mg/m , which is only 8.6% of grade two national standard value(GB3095-82). The Max. concentration under stable condition is 0.119 mg/m3, which is 23.8% of grade two national standard value. The Max. concentration under medium condition is 0.121 mg/m3 , which is 24.2% of grade two national standard value. In the two later stable degree, it is possible to increase the contamination of SO? in the Ningbo area. But even if it is overlapped by background value monitored in urban district of Ningbo, it still can meet the second class of standards. The influence of the drifting dust can be neglected, the Max.value is only 3.9% of grade 2 national standard value. The smoke relrasing from Beilungang Power Plant may cause effects upon Ningbo city only when the wind blows in ENE direction continuously. As the distance between these two cities is more than 25 kilometers, normally, it may cause effects only when the wind direction is stable and lasts more than ninety minutes. According to the records on wind direction in Beilun area, the frequency of occurrence of ENE wind in this area in a year is 6.28%, which mainly happens in spring and autumn. The atnosphere usually diffuses and dilutes strongly during this period. According to the routine monitoring results, the city's background concentration is in a low level state at the period. Therefore, there is no obvious influence upon the city while the smoke is emitted from the power plant. 83 Table 7-11 Normal Monitoring Results of the Atmosphere in Ningbo in 1990 * ~~nameof monitoring whole spots item spring summer autumn winter year Nanjao S02 0.004 0.000 0.029 0.040 0.022 water works No 0.000 0.004 0.023 0.021 0.013 TSf 0.049 0.011 0.118 0.153 0.018 Municipal S02 0.036 0.024 0.031 0.077 0.042 government No 0.021 0.000 0.033 0.030 0.029 TSI 0.087 0.048 0.167 0.138 0.110 Haishu S02 0.010 0.007 0.055 0.050 0.032 District No 0.019 0.006 0.027 0.026 0.020 TS' 0.099 0.112 0.214 0.135 0.140 River S02 0.015 0.005 0.011 0.037 0.017 transport NO 0.016 0.008 0.046 0.022 0.022 station TSf 0.113 0.005 0.239 0.150 0.142 Yinxian S02 0.034 0.005 0.052 0.011 0.051 County No 0.010 0.005 0.000 0.034 0.014 .TSi 0.096 0.106 0.180 0.163 0.136 Atmospheric S02 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150 quality NO 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 0.100 standard TSI 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.300 0.300 (GB3095-82) grade two (c) An Analysis of the Influence to the Xinqi Town Xinqi town is the location of the Beilun District government. The Beilun Port area is just on the west of it. The Beilungang Power Plant is 4.5 km northwest of it. (refer to Fig. 4-2). The present population of Xinqi is 26,000. The majority of the inhabitants are engaged in hardware. plastic products and agriculture. The workers' living district of Beilun port is also in Xinqi town. Xinqi town borders the sea coast. The atmospheric diffusion is favourable here. According to the results obtained from the atmospheric environment monitor, (detailed in Table 5-4), the quality of atmosphere in this area conforms to the requirements of the national standard, grade two. The monitying results for SO2 shows the Max. value in winter is 0.075 mg/m , which is only 84 25% of the national standard grade two value. The Max. daily mean value of TSP in winter is 0.277mg/m * which is 92.3% of national standard, grade two value. But the average value of TiP during the whole winter monitoring period is only 0.131 mg/mr which is 40.3% of national standard, grade two value. According to the analysis of the data illustratedin Table 7-10. the most unfavourable impact of the smoke emitted from the power plant to Xinqi town which is 4.5 Km away occurs in the unstable weather conditions. Under such national standard, the Max. surface concentration of SO is 0.211 mg/l3 , which is 42.2% of the national standard. grade two value. Even added with the background concentration of that area, the value still does not surpass the national standard requirementsgrade two. Under such conditions, the Max. ;oncentrationof drifting dust at the ground surface is 0.036 mg/m , which is 7.2% of national standard, grade two value. The impact is comparatively small. Therefore, under normal conditions, the diffusion of smoke emitted from the power plant will not cause much disadvantageous effects upon Xinqi town. 7.1.5.3 The Prediction of Daily Mean Concentration (a) The Results of Prediction The variation of wind direction is great in the area, in order to predict objectively the distribution of daily mean concentration the results of the weather conditions in Beilun area obtained by the EnvironmentalProtection Research Institute through 3 month high-altitude sounding are used as the basis for this prediction. Through screening. select a representative observation day and carry out hour by hour surface concentration calculations and then added together and obtain the daily mean value. This typical weather condition, when systematic wind with relatively fixed direction prevails, is easy to cause relatively high ground concentration, therefore, it is unfavorable weather condition. The observation data of the climatic conditions near the earth surface of the 2 representative days are shown in Table 7-12. In the table, the stability class is categorized by using the data of the temperature layer junction, therefore, they can objectively reflect the actual atmospheric conditions. As for the wind speed, the average wind speed of each layer under the lifting height will be used. Three directions are considered in this prediction, they are * Ningbo. Xingqi and the direction where the concentrationon earih surface is maximum. The wind directions in the above-mentioned. two days in Ningbo and Xinqi have little influenced, only the prevailing wind direction namely the wind direction with maximum frequency which is NNE and NNW has some influence. Therefore, 85 Table 7-12 Meteorologicalparameters used in the calculationof the daily mean concentration August 24, 1986 Time Wind direc- Wind speed Temperature Stable tion (M/S) difference degree _IC/loom) 0:00 23e 4.5 -0.9 D 2:00 2B' 4.3 0.0 E 7:45 28' 2.9 -0.3 E 8:25 20' 2.6 -0.0 D 10:55 18' 4.4 -1.3 D 16:30 20" 5.7 -1.1 D 17:21 25' 5.3 -1.1 D 18:50 30' 4.4 -1.0 D 20:10 52' 3.5 -0.9 D 21:19 50 3.4 -0.8 D JM=uary 19--U.17 Time Wind direc- Wind speed Temperature Stable tion (M/S) difference degree ______('C/lOOm) 13:00 340' 7.1 -1.5 D 15:00 340 5.7 -1.3 D 16:30 330' 5.8 -0.9 D 19:00 35' 6.0 -0.6 D 21:00 24e 6.4 -0.8 D 23:00 30 5.0 -0.5 D 2:00 3400 4.8 0.6 E 5:00 330' 3.5 0.3 E 7:00 235' 1.6 1.2 E 9:00 50' 2.0 -0.4 E 10:30 125' 1.8 -1.1 D 86 the calculation results only show concentration contributive direction which are detailed in table 7-13 and table 7-14. The horizontal distribution of S02 concentration in the two typical days are detailed in table 7-4 and table 7-5. The prediction results show that the concentration of drifting dust in all directions is quite small, which does not surpass the standard value. The Max. concentration in the prevailing wind direction i Zma, which is 7% of the national standard, grade two. 90' does notIsurpass the standald limit in all locations, its Max. concentration is 0.063 mg/m , which occurs 17 Km away fron the power plant. This value is 42% of the national standard value, grade two. .>.e, , 4 The daily mean concentrationvalues have close relationshipwith the wind directions. When the wind directions are distributed in a wide range, the concentration on the earth surface is small, and the reverse is true. For example, the wind distribution range on January 19,1987 is wide than that on August 24, 1986. In this case, the daily mean concentration of the former is lower. Screened from the parameters of the climatic observations of the Environmental Protection Research Institute. (b) Analysis of the Influence to Ningbo Area: The influence of the climatic conditions in the above-mentioned two typical days upon Ningbo area is very small. But it does not mean the daily mean concentrationcan be neglected. When the prevailing wind is concentrated on the direction to the urban area, there may be some influence. Because the shortage of detailed climatic data. the analysis of the daily mean concentration in the direction to the urban area can only be done with the prediction results of the daily mean concentration obtained in those two typical ways. Ningbo city area is 25 -- 28 km away from the power plant. The results in Table 7-13 show that when the prevailing wind in certain day is mainly in ENE direction. the_contrjbutive_dAily mean concentration of3 S02 on the border districts of Ningbo city (25_kin) i 0.059 my/ If it is overlapped by background value in urban district orfNingbo, the day average concentration in winter monitored by present assessment, it will be 68.6% of the national standard, grade two value. The-dailymean concentration °f-02- in downtown (27 km _away) is 0.057,mF/m3, If it is overlapped -by background value, it is 67.3% of the national standard, grade two value. The contributive volume of drifting dust is only 7% of the national standard, grade two value. 87~~ t ' -. JLA N 87 04L;-~ ¼- oo Table 7-13 Using Meteorological data of August 24, 1987 in the calculation of the daily Mean Concentration mg/u Major wind Major wind Distance direction Distance direction (km) S02 Drift- (km) S02 Drift ing -n . ______dust dust 2 0.002 0 18 0.063 0.010 3 0.004 0.001 19 0.063 0.010 4 0.007 0.001 20 0.063 0.010 5 0.012 0.002 21 0.063 0.010 6 0.019 0.002 22 0.062 0.010 7 0.026 0.004 23 0.061 0.010 B 0.033 0.005 24 0.060 0.010 9 0.039 0.006 25 0.059 0.010 10 0.044 0.007 26 0.058 0.009 11 0.049 0.008 27 0.057 0.009 12 0.053 0.009 28 0.056 0.009 13 0.056 0.009 29 0.055 0.009 14 0.059 0.010 30 0.054 0.009 15 0.060 0.010 The max. 0.063 0.010 concentration (17km) (17km 16 0.062 0.010 and distance ) during its 0.063 0.010 occurrence 88 Table 7-14 Using the meteorologicaldata obtained on January 14. 1987 in the calculation of daily mean concentration mg/m Major wind Major wind Distance direction Distance direction (km) - (km) So Flow- so? !i;w- 22 n l______dust dust 2 0.003 0 i8 0.034 0.010 3 0.000 0.001 19 0.033 0.010 4 0.014 0.002 20 0.033 0.010 5 0.019 0.002 21 0.033 0.010 1 6 0.022 0.003 22 _ _0.032 0.010 7 0.025 0.004 23 0.032 _._1_ 8 0.028 0.004 24 0.031 0.010_l 9 0.029 0.005 25 0.030 0.010 10 0.031 0.005 26 0.030 0.009 11 0.032 0.005 27 0.029 0.009 12 0.033 0.005 28 0.029 0.009 13 0.033 0.005 29 0.020 0.009 14 0.033 0.005 30 0.027 0.009 15 0.034 0.005 The max. 0.034 0.005 concentration (15km) (15km 16 0.034 0.005 and distance ) during its 17 0.034 0.005 occurrence (C) Analysis of the Influence to Xinqi Town Xingq, town is 4.5 Km away from the power plant. The data in Table 7-14 shows that when the wind is mainly concentrated on the NW directions, the daily mean concentration in this area is 0.017 mg/m . If it is overlapped by background value, it is 21.3% of the national standard, grade two value. The volume of drifting dust is 0.002 mg/i , which is 1.3% of the national standard, grade two value. In this case. the influence of the smoke emitted from the power plant upon the daily mean pollutants is comparatively small. 89 7.1.5.4 Analysis of the Heavy Smoke under the Hot Inner Boundary layer According to the actual measurement data obtained by the Environment Protection Research Institute of the Mipstry of Energy, the distance within hot circles ( h = 3.73 xh). the shortest distance for the lower boundary of smoke cloud entering the hot inner boundary layer is 23.5 km away. In this case, only a little more than half of the smoke in the prediction range will enter into the hot inner boundary layer and become heavy smoke. The details are analyzed as follows: Within 7 km from the chimneys to the leeward wind directions, there will be no heavy smoke. The surface concentration caused by the smoke is the same as the prediction results under stable conditions. According to the above-mentionedprediction, the concentration of S02 and drifting dust on the earth surface is very small, their influence can also be neglected. From the distance of 7 km to a prediction range of 30 km, the smoke gradually enters into the hot inner boundary layer. At a location of 9 km, the smoke emitted from clustered type chimney begins to enter into the hot inner boundary layer. The volume of smoke or pollutants released from east chimney to the hot inner boundary layer can be expressed by the following formula: Q'= QA^g 5$ Qi- 11x P= ( h(x) - He) "-Z Summation method is used to calculate the smoke volume released from the chimneysat different distance, entering into smoke, the surface concentrationof smoke emitted from each chimney will be calculated separately. Finally, the actual concentration upon the earth surface is obtained by adding the above-mentioned results. C- C;- Through calculationsand comparison, in the summation term if n is taken as 13, it can meet the Precision repuirement. When n equals 14. its impact is less than 101 mg/l . The prediction results are divided in two parts: mountains and plains, which are detailed in Table 7-15. 90 The prediction results show that for3heavy smoke the Max. surface concentration of S92 is 0.428 mg/n , and that of the drifting dust is 0.069 mg/m. According to the monitoring results of atmospherif background in the area, the valuef of S02 are <0.01- 0.267 mg/u with a medium value of 0 1Q6 mg/_ those of TSP are 0.027 - 0.306 mg/m3 with a medium value of 0.194 mg/u. f it is overlapped by the medium value. the SO? is 0.534 mg/u , which exceeds the second class of national standard, and the TSP can meet the second class of standard. The location where Max. concentration of heavy smoke occurs is 26 km away from the power plant. Very unfavourable climatic conditions are considered in the above-mentionedprediction, therefore it is a bit conservative. The waste gas is considered to touch the earth surface as soon as it enters the hot inner boundary layer. Actually, the diffusion of waste gas needs some time, and the thickness of the mixed layer is increased during this period. Therefore, the above-mentionedresults may be a little higher than the actual values. As the lasting time of heavy smoke is short, only about tens of minutes, and the climatic conditions which cause the forming of heavy smoke are uncertain, its harmful effect is not so great. Table 7-15 Results of Prediction the Surface Concentration of Heavy Smoke pnder the Hot Inner Boundary Layer (mg/u) distance SO2 drifting distance S02 driftin (km) dust (km) g dust 6 0.007 0.001 20 0.383 0.062 9 0.020 0.003 21 0.399 0.064 10 0.044 0.007 22 0.410 0.066 11 0.078 0.013 23 0.418 0.068 12 0.117 0.019 24 0.424 0.068 13 0.159 0.026 25 0.426 0.069 14 0.202 0.033 26 0.428 0.069 15 0.243 0.039 27 0.427 0.069 16 0.281 0.045 28 0.425 0.069 17 0.314 0.051 29 0.420 0.068 38 0.342 0.055 30 0.428 0.068 19 0.364 0.059 91 7.1.5.5 The Influence of the Change in Sulphur Contents on the Concentration of S02 on the Earth Surface The designed coal used in the power plant comes from northern Shanxi Province. The average sulphur content is 0.63%. There are still some differences in sulphur content even in the same kind of coal, and much more differences in coals comes from different mines. Since the intensity of S02 emission source is in direct proportion to the sulphur content of the coal, if the sulphur content is doubled, the surface concentration will also be doubled, changes in sulphur content will affect directly the changes of concentration upon the earth surface. Table 7-16 illustrates the density of SO2 in different observation spots according to the calculations of sulphur contents. Taking the neutral stability state for example, when the sulphur contents changes from 0.63% to 1.2%, the effects on the surface concentrationof SO? is also great, but it still does not surpass the national standard value. even'if i t is overlapped with the background value of S0, in the area. It should be noticed tnat wh-enthe sulpnur contentiisI ~1. t,$he overlapped value of maximum concentration which is 0.415 mg/mn is 83% of the standard value. 7.1.5.6 Comparisons among the Various Alternatives of Chimney Design Two chimney design alternatives are considered for Phase II project. Cluster type chimney designs based on the analysis of concentration prediction have been detailed in the above- mentioned chapters. The adoption of cluster type chimneys can reduce the heat loss of the smoke, increase the lifting height of warm buoyancy and reduce the surface concentration. From the calculations made with the formula for determining the smoke lifting height, it can be seen that the smoke lifting height of cluster type chimney can increase 26% compared with that of the single chimney. The comparison of smoke effective source height of the two chimney alternative is detailed in Table 7-9. With other conditions remain unchanged, the distribution of ground surface concentration of S02 at one time of single chimney can be calculated, the results are shown in Table 7-17. At the same time, the comparison of predicted concentration for both single and cluster type chimneys are shown in the same table. 92 From the comparison results, it can be seen that, the use of single chimney will increase the surface concentration of SOP, especially in areas where falling concentration is large. Under unstable, neutral and stable climatic conditions, the corresponding Max. falling concentration may increase to over 17%. Table 7-16 Comparisons of surface concentration for coals with different sulphur contents Sulphur Ningbo Xingqi Max. Grade II in content Item concentra- national t%) tion on the standard earth surface (GB surface 3095-82) 0.63 concentr- 0.121 0.031 0.162 0.50 ation at one time l 0.63 daily 0.059 0.017 0.063 0.15 mean concentr- ation l 1.0 concentr- 0.192 0.049 0.257 0.50 ation at one time 1.0 daily 0.094 0.027 0.100 0.15 mnean concentr- ation 1.2 concentr- 0.230 0.059 0.309 0.50 ation at one time 1.2 daily 0.112 0.032 0.120 0.15 mean concentr- ation 93 Table 7-17 Comparison of surface concentration of S02 between single chimney and cluster type chimney distance unstable medium stable (k) compar- compar- compar- lS02 ing S02 ing SO? ing results results results 2 0.107 1.38 0.003 _ 3 0.203 1.31 0.012 1.20 4 0.249 1.23 0.030 1.37 0.001 l 5 0.256 1.17 0.056 1.33 0.002 6 0.242 1.14 0.086 1.34 0.003 8 0.200 1.09 0.140 1.28 0.012 1.33 10 0.161 1.06 0.173 1.24 0.023 1.33 12 0.130 1.05 0.138 1.20 0.050 1.35 14 0.107 1.04 0.189 1.17 0.075 1.32 16. 0.089 1.03 0.183 1.13 0.100 1.30 18 0.075 1.01 0.174 1.12 0.123 1.20 20 0.065 1.01 0.162 1.10 0.142 1.25 22 0.756 1.02 0.151 1.09 0.150 1.23 24 0.049 1.00 0.140 1.09 0.170 1.22 26 0.043 1.00 0.130 1.07 0.170 1.20 28 0.039 1.00 0.120 1.06 0.1Sw 1.19 30 0.035 1.00. 0.111 1.05 0.188 1.18 Te cmparing resuts n is able are obtaine after comparing the surface concentration on the earth surface between the single chimney and the cluster type chimney. 7.1.5.6 An Analysis of Impact on the Environment when the Flue Gas Emitted from BTPP and ZPP Has Cumulative Effect 11 km west of BTPP, there is ZPP having an installed capacity of 1050 MW. If the wind is continuously blowing in the east direction, the flue gas emitted from BTPP and ZPP will have a cumulative effect resulting in an increase of surface concentrationof pollutants on the leeward side of the plume axis to the west of the chimney, therefore. according to an estimated 94 made under unstable, medium and stable conditions, when the cumulative effect of the flue gas emitted from BTPP and ZPP occurs, the distribution fo instantaneoussurface concentration of S02 is shown in Table 7-18. From the results, it can be seen that when the cumulative effect of the flue gas Iccurs, the Max. concentration on the leeward side is 0.415 mg/m (unstablecondition). Though this value does not surpass the national standard grad,e2 value yet, it accounts for 83% of the standard value 0.5 mg/m . The reason for the high concentration is due to the fact that ZPP uses coal of higher sulphur contents (the average sulphur content being 1.36%). Under unstable atmospheric conditions, the contributive amount of Max. surface concentration of S02 caused by BTPP and ZPP is 23% and 77% respectively; under the neutral layer junction, the values become 38.4% and 61.6% respectively. According to an analysis of the geographic location of BTPP and ZPP, the direction of wind which causes cumulative effect of flue. gas is mainly easily wind. An analysis of local meteorological data shows that the annual frequency of occurrence of easily wind is 7.3%, therefore,when easily wind is blowing continuously, the environmental monitor and administration organization of the power plant must pay special attention. 7.1.5.7 An Analysis of Flue Gas Emission on Farm Products The vegetation on the vast land around the power plant is mainly paddy rice, the emission of flue gas will directly affect the normal growth of crops. According to the stipulations of National Standard " The Maximum Permissible Concentration of Atmospheric Pollutants in the Protection of Crops (GB9137-88)",paddy rice belongs to crops of medium sensitive to SO And at one time, the predicted concentration of S02 is 0.218 ng/m (unstable conditions) which is lower than the permissible value, only accounts for 31.1%; the Max. contributive daily mean concentration of SO for Phase I & II is 0.063 mg/m3, which is also lower than tie permissible limit, accounting for 25.2%; under ieavy smoke condition, the Max. concentration is 0.428 mg/m . accounting for 61.1%; moreover, when easily wind is blowing continuously,resulting in cumulative effect of the flue gas emitted from BTPP and ZPP, the Max. instantaneous concentration of SO may reaches 0.415 mg/in (unstable condition) accounting for V6.2%. From the above analysis, it can be seen that flue gas emission from power plants under normal conditions will not cause much impact on the surrounding crops, only when heavy smoke and easily wind is continuously blowing can result in certain impact, but the frequency of occurrence of the two latter conditions is low. 95 Table7-18 Distributionof SurfaceConcentration of SO1 fromdue to Cumulative Effect Of Flue Gas Emission BTPP and ZPP Stable Distance Unstable Neutral lati ve (vn) ZPP BIPP cumulat ive ZPP BTPP cumula I ive ZPP BTPP cumu 0.021 0 0.177 0.177 0 0.150 0.15 0 0.021 0.027 12 0.039 0.125 0.164 0.001 0.157 0.15B 0 0. 027 0 0.034 0.034 '*8oR XZ 13 0.201 0.113 0.314 0.010 0.161 0.171 0.044 0. 045 14 0.304 0.103 0. 407 0.040 0.162 0.202 0.001 15 0. 320 O.095 0.415 0.085 0.162 0. 247 0.003 0.049 0.052 16 D.296 0.OB71 . 383 0.133 0.161 0.294 0.007 0. 057 0.064 17 0.262 0.080 0. 342 0. 174 0.159 0.333 0.013 0. 065 0.078 18 0.229 0.074 0. 303 0.205 0. 155 0.360 0.023 0. 072 0. 095 19 0.199 0.068 0.277 0.225 0.151 0.376 0.036 0.079 0.115 20 0.174 0.064 0.238 0.236 O.147 0.383 0.051 0.086 0.137 21 0.152 0.059 0.211 0.240 0.143 0.383 0.06B 0.093 0.161 0. 184 22 0.134 0. 055 0. 169 0.239 0.130 0.369 0.085 0.099 207 23 0. 120 0.052 0.172 0. 234 0.134 0.368 0.102 0. 105 0. 0.110 0.229 24 O.107 0.049 0.156 0.227 0.129 0.356 0.119 25 0.096 0.046 0.142 0.219 0.125 0.344 0.135 0.115 0.250 26 0.087 0.043 0.130 0.210 0.121 0.331 0.149 0.119 0.268 0.162 0.123 0.285 27 0.079 0.041 0.120 0.201 0.117 0.318 0.310 28 0.072 0.038 0.110 0.191 0.113 0.304 0.174 0.126 129 0. 29 0.066 0.036 0.102 0.187 0.109 D.291 0.184 O. 313 30 0.0G1 0.034 0.095 0.174 0.105 0.279 0.192 0.132 0.3Z4 96 However, the power plant authorities should still pay enough attention, especially during mid August to mid September each year when the crops are budding leaves and stubbling. In case heavy smoke occurs and easily wind is continuously blowing, the power plant authoritiesmust pay special attention and strengthen the monitor and administration,if necessary, reduce the load in the power plant in order to protect the crops. Table 7-19 The Maximum Allowable Concentration of AtmosphericPollutants in the Protection of Crops Pollu- crop daily any . sensi- mean crops tants tivity concen- time Iration sensi- 0.15 0.50 wheatin winter and spring, tive barley,buckwheat, soybean, crops beet,sesame, spinacb, grape. s02 medium rice,corn, Chinese soghum, sensi- 0.25 0.70 oat.cotton, tobacco, potato, tive eggpltant,peach. crops anti- bean,rape, sunfLower, pollu- 0.0 0.80 wiIdcabbage, taro, ted strawbe-rry crops______97 97 7.2 An Analysis of Impact on Water Environment in the Sea Area 7.2.1 An Analysis of Impact of Warm Water Discharge on Water Environment 7.2.1.1 General Phase I a 1I projects of the power plant are all constructed at the N. side of Beilun area, Ningbo, it is situated at the S. bank of Jingtang Water Way beyond the south of Hangzhou Bay, 6 km away from the mouth of Yongjiang on the west. According to the project planning, the water supply and discharge scheme of Phase 11 is the same as that of Phase I. The sewage jL.th-c-mcoolingwater system will be drainage into Jintang Water Way, and the out-fallis--i0-Qi_away from the--shore-.-The--desgii-ed coal consumpitionset is 333 g/kwhi1 The amou-n-t-of-warmed*atir discharge of Phase 1I is the same as Phase I being 35.5 mg/lm with a maximum temperature rise 8°C. In addition, Zhenhai Power Plant (ZPP) is about 11 km west of Beilungang Power Plant (BTPP), its installed capacity is 1,050,000 KW. The designed coal consumption of the generating set is 346 g/kw. The rate of discharge of warmed water is about l, 42 m;Is, with the maximum temperature rise of 6°C. and its outfall is near Zhaobao Mountain beside the Yongjiang River. The relativesites of the two power plants are shown in Figure z.- Because the cooling water carries a large amount of waste heat, and is discharged into the sea area, this will lead to the temperature rise of sea water in the local sea area, and bring about thermal pollution. If it is serious , it will endanger the life of the aquatic organism, and may affect the vwaterquality used in the cooling system of the power plant itself. Prior to the construction of Phase I, the Cooling Water Institute of Chinese Science Academy of Water Conservancy was entrusted to carry out the mathematical model and physical model. Thev studi.d the impact of warm water discharge on the water intake. the main findings are: The impact depithox wazm eater discharge in the sea area near the water intake is within 4.0 n below the water surface. And if the top elevation of water intake roof is not higher than -5.0 m. sea water with lower temperature can be taken. Based on the studies made by the Cooling Water Research Institute, further analysis will be made on the impact of full amou--_oa.iwzrmwater discharged from the power plant on the quality of water in the sea area. an fat e same time, consideration is given_io-..he.cumulAtjve_effi-t of warm water discharged from Zhenhai Power Plant after Phaie II proJeCt has teen completed. - - - -- 98 7.2.1.1 Calculation Method The cooling water of BTPP will be discharged JirtanW Wiate way.,whose af'he-'warm water with a large amount of waste heat will dilute and diffuse in this sea area. Therefore, its dilution and diffusion process require a 2- dimension (2-D) mathematical model to describe. And the cooling Aixr--44_Z_henhai Power Plant Iwjllb dbscharged int t1e Yongjiang river, whose section width is 800 -- 1O00--mu Inerefore, its dilution and diffusion process can be described with a 1-dimension (O-D) mathematical model, compared with Jintang Water Way. Thus, a coupled of 1-D and 2-D models should be used to study the interaction of warm water discharge from the two power plants. The fields to flow, temperature and organic contaminant concentration may be described with the following working equations: =!- 0t a (1) ~~~~~7x ceQA:2l>-- i^ (2) I-D model + U - A CAE p (3) 7 t~~~ UVf VCy.v'Jjzj (6) 2-D model C JKr@V vPV^ m; 4<-- c-w (7) Olt -fit6 dK4ySu)46 i (8) dtT d 7'#l 7=;CoCC*&,r-J CH4 (9) f C- h D~ Here,eq. (1),(2),(3)and (4) are the 1-D portion while eq. (5). (6). (7) , (8) and (9) are the 2-D portion concerning water volume continuity, momentum conservation, substance conservation and heat conservation. 99 z, u. v - Random water level, velocities of flow in x, y directions - Coriolis parameter of earth rotation H. Z - water depth anidelevation of the river bed; E, Ex - turbulence diffusion coefficients in x, y direction; Cz - frictional resistance of flow with the bottom; C - concentration of contaminants T - temperature rise. c Since the contaminantsand temperaturevariation in the sea area is not vary great, they will not affect the current flow characteristics,hence, eq. (1) -- (9) may be used to calculate the flow field, concentrationfield, contaminantsand temperature field. In this paper, a partial - centered difference scheme is used based on the theory of characteristics to disperse the equations above. It's computing formula and boundary conditions in detail may be seen in reference paper [6]. Here are general formula listed to compute at internal modes. Internal nodes calculation in 1-D model portion: .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A~~~~~A Z Z A Z XaF 2 -&anyA c , ______+C Z ,. z 9-i-t , ) ...... C . t .. .) .I - ml ~~ ( (FJ(C; ~ AE) ~ a T ~ -v ~ - i u5)=g-/at*+2S (~ ~~ _(E"trAE-+ 2,,-At c (A P 14X " T. -7 -E. ^T. + A T1tt0 . Te l _ (E1"+(E)tA,(AXw-JtAXm)_ ,,3 100 Internal nodes calculation in 2-D model: ! ) i-}i_LJA,+-JU LAU ± '*.. ~ .. .2 _.. .. 2 tfNXf,- 1$ t 'I(M. -P-iZf,i)AX (AYZ6yF) (Arz +A ) ) a-~~~~~~~~~~~~~- -, -U.j - ^8-U c>-. fl;ij L ...... iJ (c-ja-c7;,,,)f ;tij*(,--cj)J A~~~~~X lit'=7^4rj- 7aX K2 - zJ 6^T7 ^yf . iAAIX =.z C HAAZ.( F) ,- +7 * (T; Aj-XT,j) 'ij ,1) ( (0 at~~~a H,-,)(-YZ-A101 -. r -- .-.. (HE)".,.rI;. jtunn J *-w+P2.,t> The coupled solution of 1-D and 2-D model at Joint modes: The velocity and level relation of l-D model at Joint nodes along the characteristic line of * > 0 has the following relations (~~xi 0 f + Ii+ (19) Where: X,= 1CfiCAtL) (zo-z:)^i-- t-ftit (A,,-AIA- Lo Because Q = 0 along the double characteristic lines in 2-D model. the water level and velocity relation of 2-D model at joint nodes is as follows: (i )z =XZI (z7'-i) (20) where: Xi= -(Ac 1 -)-2(' 2-a ? ,~ ~~A.o,-1)-V-" ZA&~ ~ ~ ~~2~ ZAXZ - jzxZ4i)A .,L.It'i At the joint nodes, the velocity solutions of 1-D and 2-D models shou!d be equal. That is to say, ul = u2. we get: ______a_____ ' (21) By substituting (21) into (19), the value of U >1 can be obtained. The values of Vn and other variables may be obtained with other characteristic directions. 102 Calculate the concentration at nodes of 1-D and 2-D modes on two conditions; During ebbing: The concentration at Joint nodes may be obtained with 1-D formula -- (12) and (13), because it is determined by the contaminants (or heat) make up at the upper reaches of the 1-D estuary. During flooding: The concentrationat joint nodes may be obtained with the 2-D formula -- (17) and (18), because it is determined by the contaminants (or heat ) make up supply in the 2-D area. The initial value and marginal values are given in the same way as in a common 1-D or 1-D model of unsteady field problem. 7.2.1.3 Verification of the Flow Field and Concentration Cield of Contaminants After the contaminantsor heat have been discharged into the sea, the prediction of their transport, diffusivity. moving locus and retention period, etc. depends on the accurate simulation of the flow field, in which two most important links are to set up the numerical model and to verify the flow field and concentration field. In the sea area near BTPP and ZPP, we have rather complete data of current velocity and contaminants which were observed simultaneously. They are: (a) Simultaneous observation data of water level, current velocity and coniaminants on Aug. 2 -- 3. 1987 near the mouth of Yongjiang Estuary which was observed by Zhejiang Provincial l1stitute of Estuarine and Coastal Engineering Research. It may represent the mean tide conditions in summer. (b) Simultaneous observation data on Oct. 24 -- Nov. 3. 1988 in the same area which was observed by the Second Institute of Oceanography. It may represent the neap tide conditions in winter. The two observation data as indicated above may be used to verify the coupled model. The verification points are as following: A1 (Zhenhai) -- water level, B (ZPP) -- velocity, C, and D1 -- velocity in sea area, A1 and E1 -- contaminant concentration. Figure 7-7 shows the comparison between computed value and observed value of water level, velocity, volume of flow and concentration (COD"")respectively in summer, which indicates that: 103 (a) The levels at Zhenhai station near the mouth of Yongjiang Estuary tally each other well. Its mean error is 0.05 m, and the maximum error is 0.10 m. This accuracy can satisfy the needs of production. (b) The mean error of current velocity ( or total flooding volume and ebbing volume )is about 10% at ZPP and point C1 and D beyond the computing sea area, and the maximum error is within 15%. It shows that the simulation of the computing area and inside the mouth of Yongjiang Estuary is accurate enough. (c) The degree of coincidence of contaminant concentration is worse than that of water level and current velocity, but the variation tendency is coincident in the whole tidal process. In other words, near the mouth, the concentration increases at the end of ebbing time because the contaminants in the upper reaches flows in and it decreases at flooding time because the clean sea water from the external area may dilute the contaminants. Figure 7-8a and 7-8b show the horizontal current field during ebbing and flooding tide. The flooding direction is about 2900 - - 310 , and the ebbing one is about 1000 -- 1100. Both of them paralleled the shore line on the whole with a little cross-shore line component leaving the shore. Figure 7-9 shows that the coincidence is also well at point C-2 during neap tide in winter, 1988 (C named C-2 in the second verification, both are at the same siMe). 'hus it can be seen that this coupled model can reflect the variations of flow field, contaminant field (including temperature field) in the 1-D estuary and 2-D sea area at the same time. Its accuracy can meet the assessment of environment in production. Therefore, it can be regarded as a tool to predict the thermal pollution, PH value in ash water and concentration of organic contaminants, etc. of BTPP and ZPP. 7.2.1.4 Determination of Computing Conditions and Computing Sets Besides, there are some critical factors in computing process which should be analyzed further. (a) Selection of Tidal Pattern After the cooling water has been discharged from BTPP and ZPP into Jintang Water Way and Yongjiang Estuary, it will be cooled and release heat, relying chiefly on the flooding current and ebbing current in the outer sea. And the tidal current is reflected usually in tidal range. Zhenhai station is a tidal station pDssessing serial observed data for 35 years, being at the mouth of Yongjiang Estuary and much close to the outer sea. 104 The tidal range-frequency diagram in this station can be drawn (refer to figure 7-10). From the figure, it can be seen that: possibility: 50% ; tidal range: z = 1.70 m possibility: 75% ; tidal range: z = 1.15 m possibility: 90% ; tidal range: z = 0.80 m Therefore, the heat diffusivity should be calculated respectively on different conditions of tidal range listed above. (b) Computation Made on the Most Disadvantage Condition like Storm Tide of Typhoon The storm tide of typhoon is demonstratedas water level rising (or falling ) both for the high tidal level or low tidal level. Because of the nonlinear effect of shallow water, the elevation of high tidal level is less than that of low tidal level, and the result is that the tidal range decreases, the gravity flow decreases and the current velocity decreases further. Another effect is that the ebbing current decreases and flooding current increases with the strengthening of wind stress. Hence, computation on the most disadvantage conditions should include these two effects. Here, we use the statisticaldata of observed data during several import typhoonperiods after 1954 to estimate these effects. Based on the data of typhoon 5691 in Zhenhai on Aug. 1, 1956. the tidal range decreased 0.7 m, and 0.3 m after typhoon 8114. On this basis, we take the drop of tidal range as 0.5 a (the average value), and wind velocity as 25 mJs (24 n/s was the maximum observed) during typhoon period in computing. (c) Determination of Boundary Value of the Outer Sea The boundaries in mathematical model should be taken at the places where the water bodies will not be polluted by the heat and organic contaminants of two power plants. In other words, they should be far enough from the power plant. But the computing area is infinitive, and the water body near the boundary condition is determined according to the calculator's experiences and through several compution in a wider range in the target area. Here, we give 0.010C to the temperaturerise at the upstream and down steam boundaries, for computing the thermal pollution, give 2 mg/l to CODn based on a large scale monitoring information in Zhoushan water area to compute the organic pollution, and give 8.27 to PH in the water area near the ash house. 105 (d) Problem of Effective Depth of Water To compute the water current, the actual water depth should be applied. But the thickness of warm layer may be much different due to different method of discharge. For example, when sewage discharges deeply. the thickness may reach 10 -- 15 m, and when sewage discharges at the water surface but the water intake is in deep water then, the thickness may be only about 5 - 7 m based on the result of physical model of BTPP cooling water conducted by Zhejiang Research Institute of Water Conservancy and Water & Electricity Science (IRIWCWES). (Figure 7-11 is the vertical distribution of temperature rise at the water intake drawn by IRIWCWES). Therefore, the latter discharge method is much beneficial because the temperature rise is much lower at the water intake, though the thermal polluted area is expanded. Because of this, we estimate the temperature rise with 7 m thickness of warm layer in the computation. (e) Arrangement of Computing Sets (1) The amount of dischafge of ZPP is 42 m3/s, and that of the Phase I of BTPP is 35.5 m/s. The temperature rise is 8°C. (2) The amount of discharge of ZPP is 42 m3/s, and that of the Phase I & II of BTPP is 71 m3/s. The temperature rise is 8°C. (3) The amount of discharge of BTPP is 35.5 m3/s, and ZPP is not operating. Study the impact of BTPP on the temperature rise in Yongjiang Estuary and at ZPP. (4) The amount of discharge of ZPP is 42 u3is, and BTPP is not operating. Study the impact of ZPP on BTPP. (5) Th_ amount of discharge of ZPP is 42 m3/s, and that of BTPP is 71 m /s. Study the temperature rise on the most disadvantage condition during storm tidal period of typhoon. We study the impact of Phase I & II Projects of BTPP on the water quality in the sea area according to the computation results of the 5 sets mentioned above and make analysis. 7.2.1.5 Analysis of Computing Results Now. we discuss the computing results of temperature rise in the former 4 sets, enumerated some items as follows: (a) Temperature Rise Area at Various Times of Different Tidal Patterns. 106 Because environment is concerned mostly with the size of areas of different temperature rises, we computed the area with temperaturerise 20C. 1.5'C. 1.0°C and 0.5 C at 4 typical times (low stand, rapid rise, high stand, rapid fall) of the mean tide ( z = 1.5 m) and neap tide ( z = 0.8 m ). The results are shown in Figure 7-12 and Table 7-20. The table illustrated that: (1) The temperature rise area at neap tide is about 2 times as much as that as mean tide. If the temperature rise of 1IC be the standard, then the temperatyre rise area is 1.2 -- 2.0 km2 at mean tide and 2.4 -- 4.3 km at reat tide; and the temperature rife area of 20C is 0.5 -- 0.8 km' at mean tide, and 1.5 -- 1.6 km at neap tide. (2) The maximum temperature rise area of 20C -- 1°C appears at the high stand or low stand time, namely, flood stand current time or ebb stand current time. The maximum area lower temperaturerise (e.g. 0.5°C) may appear at flood strength or ebb strength time, and may not be appear at stand time of the tide. The reason for this may be that the temperature rise area expands at this time with the higher temperature region spreading. (3) The isograms of temperature rise at each computing tine can , / be seen intll-''-a =- _ They show that the isogram moves down and up along the direction of flow with the tidal current. Especially, the isogram of 10C may move about 3 km both up and down. Table 7-20 Temperature rise area at various time of _different tidal patterns low stand flood high ebb l______l ______strength stand strength 2°C mean tide 0.8 --- 0.5 --- neap tide 1.5 ___ 1.6 1.5'C mean tide 1.6 1.2 neap tide 2.5 2.0 3.0 1.0 1.0°C mean tide 2.0 __ 2.0 1.2 neap tide 3.5 3.0 4.3 2.4 0.50C mean tide 5.0 6.0 7.2 5.2 neap tide 8.0 13.0 16 6.5 ote. In co puting, the scale of BTPP is Phase I & l1 while ZPP is ultimate. (b) We selected 6 points to draw up the time-temperature rise graph there in a whole tide and the hour by hour temperature rise process of several other tides. The points are discharge opening of ZPP (point A, down stream 2.7 km from point A (point B), 107 upstream 2.7 km from point A (point (c), the mouth of Yongjiang Estuary (point D), down stream 1 km from ZPP (point E) and upstream 6 km from ZPP (point F). The graph is seen in figure 7-13. It shows that: (1) The maximum temperature rise at point A appears at high stand time and low stand time. Its graph has two peaks in general. And the value at the trough appears at flood strength time and ebb strength time (with a little time lag). The maximum rise al point (B) appears at ebb time, where the temperature rise is lower at flood time. The maximum rise at point (C) (appears at flood time, where the temperature rise is lower at ebb time. (2) The temperaturerise caused by ZPP is much more stable, with variation of about 1"C. For example, the temperature rise caused by BTPP is 2 -- 3 times at peak more than that after the peak, but that caused by ZPP is 1.2 -- 1.6 times. The reason way that Zhenhai is inside the mouth of Yongjiang Estuary, and the variation of tidal volume is much smaller with less dilution effect than that at Beilun in Jintang Water Way. (3) The amplitude of temperaturerise at the mouth of Yongjiang Estuary is between those at point A (BTPP) and point B (ZPP) because it is affected both by ZPP and by the diffusive effect of sea water in Jintang Water Way. (C) The Mutual Influence of BTPP and ZPP In order to study the mutual influence of warm water discharge of the two power plants, we used this model to compute with the third and fourth sets, i.e. only BTPP without ZPP and only ZPP without BTPP is working. Table 7-21 shows the temperature rise at the six points (A,B,C,D,E,F)on these two conditions. Table 7-21 Maximum temperature rise at different spots unit: UC spots |_ T_ A B C D E F maximum set 3 3.0 1.30 1.29 0.80 0.16 0.06 valueI maximum set 4 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.81 0.29 0.75 value average set 3 0.51 0.60 0.63 0.18 0.04 0.0] value average set 4 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.33 0.81 0.34 value - - . - =8 From the table, we can see that the temperaturerise at the three points of A,B,C depends chiefly on the temperature rise of cooling waste water discharged form BTPP, by which the maximum temperature rise at point D (the mouth of Yongjiang Estuary ), point E (ZPP) and F (its upstream ) is 0.48'C. 0.016 C and 0.06uC respectively,and the average temperature rise is 0.13°C, 0.040 C and 0.01'C respectively. Their dimensions are not very large. Besides, we can see that the maximum temperature rise at point D, E. F depends chiefly on the discharge of cooling water form ZPP, by which the maximum temperature rise at point A, B, C is 0.04"C, 0.030C and 0.05'C, and the average temperature rise is 0.OJC and 0.02°C respectively. Thus it can be seen that BTPP wi!l have some influence on the temperature rise of ZPP, but the influence of ZPP on BTPP may be neglected. (d) The Effect of Typhoon Storm Tide The effect of typhoon storm tide on temperature rise is shown in the following two aspects. Firstly, the rise of low tidal level is larger than that of high tidal level. It will cause the tidal range to decrease, the ebbing current to be weakened and temperaturerise to increase. Secondly, because the wind stress abates the ebbing velocity, the temperature rise will be increased, of which the increment is varied when different tides met with typhoon. Here. we take a special neap tide as an example to compute, which is nore disadvantage. The computing results is shown in table 7-22 and figure 7-14. Table 7-22 Comparison of temperaturerise with typhoon and without typhoon point 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 with 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.4 3.6 1.4 1.34 0.77 0.87 0.5 typhoon 2 7 5 3 9 6 7 without 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.3 3.0 1.3 1.27 0.76 0.87 0.5 typhoon 2 4 1 1 1 0 2 increment 0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.07 0.01 0 0.0 3 4 2 8 6 5 From table 7-20, we can see that the increment of temperature rise may reach a maximum of 0.680Cwithin 200 m from the outfall. less than 0.2°C from 1 km to 2 km, and only about 0.0 -- 0.1°C beyond 2 km. 7.2.2 The Influence of the Discharge of Industrial and Domestic Sewage in the Plant Area 109 7.2.2.1 The Load of the Drainage After the completion of fhase Il project, the total amount of the sewage is about 6,549 m a day, in which the domestic sewage is about 700 m (refer to table 6-l). According to the design, the industrialandthe domLesticsewage should be treated separately and drained into the Jitang..wiater way. lhe qualy ofThe treated dIschiirgeshould be controlled at CODiv< l00 mg/lI.whhich meets the first class of national discharge standard (GB8978-88). In consideration of the fact that commercial facilities will be constructed around the factory area with the construction of the power plant, which will cause the increase of wastewater amount. It is decided that the total amount of the i3ndustrialand the domestic sewage should be enlarged to 8,000 m /day in the plant X area if CODav< 100 mg/l is put as the basis of the calculation. Afcording to an investigation in 1991, a drainage of 42,900 1 %, /day of industrialand domestic sewage in Zhenhai district near e (the plant was discharged into Yongijang River estuary and a I drainage of about 348,000 m3/day of the domestic sewage of Ningbo T=- City was discharged into Yongijang River (the upper reaches section). 7.2.2.2 Assessment of the Influence By using the above mentioned mathematical model of one-dimension and two-cimensioncoupling, we can simulate the distribution of the concentration field when the tEeated sewage of the plant area \ is dr_jned_off into the Jingtang sea a-rea-.The re§ulITi- shownw in figure 7-15. It is obvious that even if an increase of the drainage load is made, the COD, increases only 0.1 mg/I, which accounts for about 5% of average background value of present condition monitoring, accounting for about 5% of background concentration of the sea area in the range of 200 m near the drainage outlet, 0.08 mg/l in the area of the upper and lower reaches of 1.5 Km away from the drainage outlet, and 0.06 mg/l in the area of 4 Km away from the drainage outlet, respectively. The increment to the Yong River estuary is only 0.05 mg/l (the increment values mentioned above are the maximum values, the average values are half of( them). 7.3 The Assessment of the Influence on the Aquatic Organisms 7.3.1 The Influence of the Warm Drainage on the Aquatic Organisms Mathematical calculationpoints iut that the sea area with 0.50C temperature rise is 6.5 -- 16 Km owing to the warm drainage of the Phase I & lI Projects under rather unfavourable neap tide 310 2~~~~ condition. The Max. area is about 6.5 KRs, 16% of the area of the Jingtang water way. The area with ,'C temperature r'se is 2.4 -- 4.3 Km and the area with 2C rise is 0 -- 1.6 Km . In general, the amplitude of temperature rise is not so big. Because the influence of the warm drainage on marine organisms involves a complicated ecological problem, the variations of the biologicalspecies affected by the warm drainage will appear only after a long period of time. Regulations and discharge standards related to warm drainage have not formulated in China so far. For this reason, based on the viewpoints of some published papers and the actual conditions of Beilun sea area, we can make a qualitative analysis. 7.3.1.1 The Influence of Warm Drainage on Plankton It is a common knowledge that the influence of the warm drainage is reflected mainly on Plankton. Different plankton have different adaptability ranges to temperature. Those that have stronger adaptabilities will be the winner in the competition, so the local ecosystem may be changed. Under ordinary circumstances, the biological process of an organism must proceed at a definite temperature range. At the same time, an organism possesses the ability to fit the temperature change. It can fit the temperature change of surroundings by its physiological and biochemical regulating mechanisms. The higher the adapting ability for the temperature change, the higher resistance to the temperature it is. For instance, the LDo0 for balanns balanoides and elmitus miedestus which live in tie environment with periodically temperature change are 36.60C and 38.80C. respectively. If they live in a environmentwith constant temperature, their LD50 are only 32.3"C and 32.40C. respectively. The sea area commented by this report is characterized by high temperature difference, distinguished seasonal variation. The highest temperatureof sea water exceeds 300C in July and August, the lowest water temperature in January and February is only 3 - / - 5C. The daily temperature fluctuation sometimes exceeds 50C. V The environment with such temperature difference endowfslThe organisms living in this area with good resistance against temperature fluctuation. In fact, among 162 diatoms in the area of Beilun port, 62 species are of good temperature fluctuation resistance, which is more than these in the outer area. So the resistance of organisms in this sea area against temperature fluctuationis higher than those of in the outer sea area. Since the area of influence due to warm water discharge of Phase I and Jl Project is not large, the sea area resulting in a temperature rise of I°C during neap tide covers only 2.4 - 4.3 sq.Km 1 11 - _off the2 total area of Jintang Water Wa eareaof influence under averag-e-idiiismuchsiall-er- on the analysis of the above mentioned two factor, it is supposed that the influence of the warm drainage of the power plant on the aquatic organism is not important. 7.3.1.2 The Influence of the Warm Drainage on Fishes and Organisms in the Tidal Zone The organisms in the tidal zone of Ningbo district are bullacta exarata, moeT-lA4a-iridescens. neptunea arithritica,sinonovacula constricta,6icylla, tpotunus trituberculartus,and other small fishes and shrimps. Owing to the successive constructionof the Beilun Port, the wharf of the petrochemical works, and Phase I of Beilungang Power Plant, the tidal zone remaining in this area is small and, in fact, there is no marine breeding trade in this area nowadays. For this reason, there is no important influence of the warm drainage of Phase 11 of the power plant on the organisms in the tidal zone of this area. The behavior of fishes also depends upon water temperature, especially in this spawning period. The local change of temperature is unfavorable to spawning of fishes. Inspections show that the spawning fields of some economic fishes such as butterfisl -coiliajaasus,etc. are not seated in Zhousfinifirea. Hstorical ly. this area is the spawning field for sciaena albiflora and inegalonibea fusca, but their spawning fields have clearly moved to south and their spawning periods are in spring. / RrAciicaUly.,the warm drainage of the power plant has littleI influence on the activity of fishes. In short, the influence of the warm drainage of the power plant / on temperature rise is not big, and this area is not the spawning field of fishes with economic importance,and there is no aquatic products breeding on seabeach. so it is considered that the warm drainage of this project does not have pronounced influence on the organisms in this sea area. 7.3.2 The Influence of the Sucking Effect of Cooling Water Intake on Fishes The cooling water of the power plant is taken from the bottom of the sea. The depth of the water intake is at 5 -- 7 1 from the surface, at which the water flow rate is 0.25 -- 0.30 n/s. To prevent the sucking effect of the cooling water initakeon fishes. consideration must be given in the design of the power plant that the take in flow rate is lower than..therate_of tidal flow. At the saiime-me, two trash racks and one rotary screen are construct.ednear the iel&r intake to block mainl.ythe- aquatic 112 organisms and the solid waste materials with different sizes. One of the trash racks is constructed on the head part of the intake pipe, another trash racks and the filter screen is constructed near the pump house. In 1991, the Research Institute of Environmental Science in the Northeast Normal University and the Huabei Electric Power Design Institute made an investigation on the sucking effect of the water intake of the power plant. In their report, they concluded that under the circumstance that the fJAw-aeis lower than 0.362 mIs, there is no influence on aquatic organism. Based on the foregoing analysis, the cooling water intake of Beilungang Power Plant does not have notable sucking effect on the fishes and other aquatic organism, because a set of / preventive measures have been taken and the flow rate of the water intake is lower than 0.362 m/s. Besides, during water taking, a portion of agale may still be sucked into the heat exchange system and may cause harmful effect, but the amount of cooling water intake for power station i (Phase I and II amounts to 71 mJs) is very small compared withvI the tidal flow of this sea area, therefore, no practical impactV on aquatic production in this sea area. 7.4 The Assessment of the Environmental Influence of the Ash Storage Yard 7.4.1 The General Description of the Ash Storage Yard 7.4.1.1 The Emergency Ash Disposal Area and the Slag Disposal Area One ash yard with a storage capacity of 6,400,000 m3 has been set up on the beach between Suanshan and Beilunshan which is close to the northern part of the plant area in Phase I project and it begins to accept ashes and slags of the first generation unit of the power planar. It is Planned that this area will be used as an emergency ash/slag disposal area after the Phase 1I project has been put into operation. 7.4.1.2 Niloshan ash disposal area The ash disposal area of the Phase II project is chosen on the beach east of the Zhenhai PetrochemicalWorks (reler to Fig.4-2). This area is from Youshan outside the Zhenhai city on the south to Niloshan in Xiepu district on the north. The elevation of the beach is 0 -- 3 m (Wusong datum, the same datum will used in the following descriptions). The ash dyke will be built at 0.5 m 113 elevation, the crest elevation is 7 m.,and the height of the3ash stacking is 6.5 a. The area of the field with 20,090.000 m in volume is 4,019.000 m., which is sufficient to store the ashes of Phase I & l] projects for more than 10 years. The area of t.e field is 8.627,000 m when the stored volume is 42,450,000 mY, which can store the ashes of Phase I & 11 projects for more than.-i 20 years. U The body of the dyke is designed to be rockfall (previous type). The cross-section of which is trapezoidal. The stones may be _ Z taken from he quarries at Lanshan, Jiuedu, and Hetoncheng, etc. F/%\ They are all within 10 Km from the dyke. su- I. 7.4.2 The Sources, Amount, and Chemical Composition of the Ashes and Slags Owing to the distance between the ash disposal area and the power plant is as long as 27.94 Km, the storage capacity of Phase ] is relatively small. there is no room for extension, furthermore, for the comprehensive utilization of the ashes and slag, the ashes and the slag should be treated separately. The present ash disposal area can only be used as the slag disposal field for the Phase I & II of the project, the new Niloshan area is then used as the ash disposal field. According to the calculationwhich is based on the designed coal species, the amount of ashes and slag generated from Phase I & 11 projects are: The quantity of the slag per year is 169,600 tons; The quantity of the ashes per year is 1,528,000 tons. 7.4.2.2 The Physical Properties and the Chemical Compositions of the Ashes and Slag The chemical compit4ion of the ashes and slag of Phase I project is shown in Table 7-23.-> . In the light of the screening analysis, the particle size distributions and the average grain size of the ashes and slag of the Phase I project are shown in Table 7-24 and Table 7-25, respectively. 1]4 Table 7-23 The chemical composition of the ashes and slags of Phase I Project (%) Name SiO7 AlO Fe O CaO MgO TiO, MnO K,O NaO Slag 50.0 31.5 10.4 2.5 1.11 1.2 0.09 0.84 0.58 2 8 3- 6 _ 5 l Coarse 54.9 33.6 5.26 2.0 0.68 1.1 0.06 0.98 0.31 ash 9 5 9 2 l Fine 49.4 32.1 11.1 2.6 1.16 1.3 0.09 0.79 0.55 ash 8 3 0 3 9 emarRs: Coars and f ashTine 1S are Irom 1nhefi rst electric ield and second to fifth electric fields of electrostatic precipitator respectively. 7.4.3 The Property and the Amount of the Disposal Ash Water 7.4.3.1 The Amount of the Disposal ash Water Because of the big area of the Niloshan ash disposal field and the small amount of the disposed water generated in the early stage of the project. According to statistical data of monthly rainfall and evaporation of Xiaogang Meteorological Station from 1971 to 1980. the annual rainfall is 1276.7 mm and the annual evaporation is 1604.6 mm which is 327.9 mm larger than rainfall, the ash water is removed mainly by surface evaporation effect of the ground. As the use & time of the ash disposal field increases,the ash water can penetrate through the pervious dyke or the spill way opening of the ash storage area and discharged into the sea area. The total amount of ash water are: The quantity of ash water per day: 20.700 m; The quantity of ash water per year: 6,110,000 m3 It is calculated on the basis of Phase 1, the ratio of the ash to water is 1:4. For Phase I1, if it is calcualted on the basis of that the ratio of the ash to water is 1:1.5, the daily ani yearly ash water amount is 6990 m3 and 2.13 million m respectively. If the case of the ash store area, the volume of which is 20.09 millionm , is estamated as 40.19 m , the annuil net evaporation vilume in the store area is 1.318 million m, which accounts for 21.6% of total amount of ash water and 61.9% of total amount of ash water if it is estanated on the basis of that the ratio of the ash to water is 1:1.5. 115 Table1-24 Thedistribution of the diameler of theash particles of thefirst phase of tbeproject welash name sLas coarseash fineash residusls differentialcomulative differential comulalive differential comulalive differentialcomulative residuals residuals residualsresiduals residualsresiduals residualsresiduals dimentions C) (mm) o (%) () MX) (X) M 0 0 _ 2.50 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0.2 0.2 1.25 1.5 3.0 0.2 0.2 0 0 1.4 1.6 0.64 4.5 7.5 0 0.2 0 0 3.0 4.6 0.315 26.0 33.5 6.4 6.6 0.5 0.5 5.6 10.2 0.16 30.0 63.5 25.0 31.6 2.0 2.5 40.7 50.9 0.98 26.5 90.0 45.2 76.0 44.0 46.5 100.0 49.1 100.0 < 0.08 10.0 100.0 23.2 100.0 53.0 Remarks:After the wet ash is dried, its residual quantity after screening will be measured. Table7-25 Theaverage diameters of ashes of the first phase of theproject name slag coarseash fineash uwetash] averagediamcter (mm) 0.035 0.020 0.01) j 0.011 116 7.4.3.2 The Sturveyon the Water Quality of the Drainage of Ash Disposal Field of Similar Power Plants within the Province Dturingtrial running of the first generating unit of Beitungang Power Plants. there is not any ash water produced yet. To get the data of the quality of the ash water, we made a selective examination on the qLlality of the ash waters of some similar power-s ations which have been runntn fora~i tlme 'der-t- Tearn tihevariation scope of water quality of ash water discharged from power plant. The results is shown in Table 7-26. There are many factors that may affect the quality of the asi water, which depends on the coal species used, the combustion condition, and the grain size of the ash particles. Consequently the quality of ash water drained off from the ash yard depends also on its disposal method, the distance of its running, and the time of running, etc. From the data of Table 7-26, the indices of the discharge of ash water of those power stations are still lower than the values required by the discharge standard (GB8978-88). Among them, the PH index of the Banshan power station is higher than that required by the standard of the newly constructed power plant, but is still lower than the value required by the standard of existing power plant. Our examination points out that to control the quality of the discharged ash water, the power plant should use coals with low sulphur and fluorine contents. Some power plants possess a neutralization pond. When the PH value exceeds the standard value, it should be neutralized by acidic substance before discharge. 7.4.3.3 The Result of Soaking Test on the Ashes and Slag of > Beilungang Power Plant When the water carrying ashes and slag enters the ash yard, it has to go through a set of processes of mixing, soaking, precipitation, and absorption. The discharge of ash water of a big ash yard is, in fact, a clear water formed when the ashes and slag were soaked with sea water. To recognize the property of the discharge of ash water, a soaking test was made by soaking the ashes and slag generated from Phase I project with sea water. The ratio of the solid to liquid being 1:4. The quali-ty--of-thewater after soaking is shown in Table 7-27 and TaGle 7-28. 117 Table 7-26 The quality of water at the discharge outlet of the ash yard of some power plants (mg/1) _ PH COD CN S F_ Cu Cr Zhenhai 8.73 39.2 U 0.02 0.?? 0.05 0.020 Taizhou 8.81 37.0 U 0.03 1.01 U 0.01? Banshan 9.35 14.3 U 0.01 2.1? U 0.00? Zhakou 0.73 21.5 U 0.10 4.03 U 0.019 standard of 6.0 sewage _ discharge(GB8978- 9.0 88) grade 2 150 1.0 10 new, extension 6.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 projects - 200 2.0 15 existing projects 9.0 Cd Pb Zn Ni Hg As Zhenhai U U 0.13 0.07 0.035 0.11 Taizhou U U 0.12 0.03 0.034 0.16 Banshan U U 0.11 0.03 0.030 0.28 Zhakou UO.?' U&30t 1.41 0.01 0.027 0.35 standard of sewage discharged (GB8978-88) grade4. 2 4.0 new. extension 0.1 1.0 1.0 0.05 0.5 projects 5.0 existing projects ~~~~. -. .. . Note: U stands for 11ndetected.- c- '- 118 Table 7-27 The results of ash/slag soaking test of Phase I project Items PH CODD, Pb Cd Cu Cr As fine ash 9.27 1.72 <0.001 <0.001 0.0019 <0.001 0.022 coarse 9.36 0.37 <0.001 <0.001 0.0015 <0.001 0.022 ash I ______wet ash 9.20 0.70 (0.001 <0.001 0.0023 <0.001 0.012 slag 9.36 0.51 <0.001 <0.001 0.0068 <0.001 0.024 soaking 8.04 0.28 <0.001 <0.001 0.0014 <0.001 0.004 water standard 6-9 CODcr 1.0 0.1 0.5 1.0 0.5 l______CN F phenol salinity NO -N No -N NH -N fine ash U 2.14 <0.002 14.20 0.008 0.128 0.138 coarse U 2.25 <0.002 14.20 0.005 0.185 0.138 ash______ wet ash U 1.09 <0.002 14.35 0.009 --- 0.140 slag U 1.90 <0.002 14.20 0.008 0.180 0.138 soaking U 1.09 <0.002 14.25 0.005 0.138 U water standardi 0.5 110 i0.5 J Note:1. standard refers to the discharge standard of sewage (GB8978-88) grade 1 (new project) 2. U stands for undetected. 3. The soaking water is sea water, wet ash represents the wet ash on t.hebottom of the disposal area. ash : water =1 : 4, soaked for 24 hrs. 4. The lower detection limit of CN is 0.004 mg/l. 119 On the basis of soaking test, we conclude that: (a) The indices of the soaking water of the ashes and slag of the Beilungang Power Plant is in good agreement with the drainage standard except for the PH value of 9.20 -- 9.36, which is little higher than the standard value (9.0) for a new power plants. (b) Through one hour of precipitation and adsorption, the SS value is reduced to 1%, through 2 hours of precipitation and adsorption, the SS value approached to that of the standard. After 10 hours of precipitation, the SS value is much lower than the standard value. (c) When the discharge of the ash water enters the sea area, the main unfavorabel factors of impact PH value and SS value. The influence of the latter can be controlled if a sufficient time of precipitation is guaranteed. Table 7-28 The SS values of ash water of the Phase I project obtained from different precipitation times (mg/l) soaking time fine ash coarse ash wet ash 0 154800 164200 88600 0.5 hr 4620 3140 1850 1 hr 1630 1050 403 2 hr 356. 250 153 10 hrs 103 70 30 : ash : water = 1 : 4 7.4.4 The Impact of the Discharge of Ash Water on the Quality of Sea Water The soaking-test on the ashes and slag of the BTPP showed that the PH value of ash-flush water is 9.20 -- 9.36. Accoding to the experience of same kind of power plant in China such as Maanshan Power Plant in Anhui Province, computers can be used to control the neutralization treatment of ash -- flush water which exceeds the standard by adding H2SO in order to prevent its unfavorable impact on the sea area. If the PH of the ash -- flush water is not controlled, the mathematical model will be used to estimate its impact on the distribution of value of PH and concentration of CH4 in the sea area. The amount o ash-flushing water of the Niloshan ash disposal area is 950 in/h and the amount of slag-flushing3 water of the ash (slag) disposal area of Phase I project is 110 m /h. Taking into account the unfavorable effect of the run off in raining days, I20 at the same time. we suppose that in the mid of the operation of the ash disposal field with an area of 4,019 million m , the rainfall received by which is 5 mm/hr, the rainfall runoff with a runoff coefficient o i 0.5 produced on the ash field is estimated to be 10,000 mi/h and the PH value of it be 9.36. we could estimate the possible inmpactof the discharge on the sea area. The background value of PH of marine water is 8.2 according to field measurement. By using the iwo-dimensional mathematical model of the Jingtang water way as mentioned in paragraph 7.2.1, it is possible to calculate the maxi um increment of the PH value converted by concentration of H when the overflow water of the two ash N disposal fields is drained off into the sea area. The isopleth--V\-- of the yancrements-is shown-in Fig. 7-16--- As can be seen from Fig. 7-16 for Niloshal ash disposal area, the sea area with 0.12 PH increment is 0.1 Km , the area with 0.01 PH / increment is 4 Km2; for the ash yard of the Phase I project, V there is less impact on the sea area owing to the deep and swift flow of water in that sea area. The preceding estimation is carried out under a series of conditiond supposed to simulate the maximum impact on marine environment of PH value of ash water which is discharged directly into the sea area without any treatment to provide the results to environmental administrative department for reference. In the practical operation process, the ash water from the power plant should meet the national discharge standard PH < 9 after neutralization treatment in order to control the unfavorable impact of which on the sea area. 7.4.5 The Impact on Ground Water 7.4.5.1 The Hydrogeological Condition of the Ash Disposal Area The Niloshan ash disposal area is seated on the coastal region of the Fonghua Plain. The ground water lies deep under the ground. There are two layers of confined water. The plain and I sectional hydrogeological drawings are shown in Figure 7-17 and ' Figure 7-18, respectivel. 1 (a) The first (1) confined aquifer (alQ3 ) This layer is a deposit of the alluvial facies and iluvial facies in epipleistocene. The depth near the mountain'irsonly 230 m, which is relatively small. This layer is divided into more than two sublayers when it spreads towards the plain side. This is because of the different flow rates of the flood discharge water and the divergent effect of the substances. At the location of the ash disposal area, two layers of aquifer are seen from the filling hole. 121 (1) Confined Aquifer 11 The top of this layer Jies at 40 -- 60 m deep. The thickness of the aquifer approaches 10 n or more. The drop of the confined wfter is 2 -- 3 m. The specific pore yield reaches 400 -- 1000 m /day. The permeability coefficient is 41.1 u/day. The water is salty or semi-salty. Its degree of mineralization is 2.7 g/l on the average and 5.34 g/l at maximum. The concentration of chloride ion is 500 -- 1000 mg/l and 3222 mg/l at maximum. The highest concentration of iron is 57.5 mgll. The hardness of the water is more than 25 german degree and 114.9 at the maximum. (2) Confined Aquifer I2 The nature of the rock is the same as that of 11 except for that the grain size is little bigger than that of I1. The top of the aquifer lies at 50 -- 70 m from the surface and the thickness of the layer is 5 -- 10 m. 11 and 12 merge at the area near Ningbo City (refer to Fig. 7-18). The specific pore yield is 500 - 2000 m /day. The permeability coefficient is 50 m/day. The hydrochemical parameters are like that of IH. The concentration of the minerals is little lower than that of 11 layer, i.e., 1 - - 3.4 g/l. 2 (b) The second (I]) confined aquifer (alQ2 ). That layer is also a deposit of the alluvial facies and pluvial facies. Part of it contains clay, gravel, and sand layer. The aquifer near the ash disposal are lies at 7 -- 100 m deep. The top of the confined water is 1 -- 3 m. The permeability coefficient reaches 660 m/day. The hydrochemical parameters vary greatly. The water in the upper reaches is fresh water and the salt concentration of the water in the lower reaches (Northeast area) increases (refer to Fig. 7-19). For example, the mineralized degree of the water in Ningbo urban district is 0.43 -- I g/l, concentration of chloride ion is 50 -- 300 mg/l. At the location of the ash disposal area, the mineralized degree is 1.4 -- 1.6 g/l, the chloride concentration is 7910 mg/I. The hardness reaches as high as 205 german degree. 7.4.5.2 The Make up, Runoff, and Drainage Condition of the Ground Water (a) Replenishment On the basis of the distribution of the aquifers, the nature of the rock, and the condition of burying, it could be seen that the main replenishment source comes from the rain water of the mountain area and the runoff of the surface. 122 (b) Runoff The permeabilities of aquifer I and I] are all exceed 40 m/day. The vadose condition is good and the hydrodynamic slope is not small too, but the aquifer becomes thinner and thinner from the mountain area to the coastal area. The nature of the water changes from fresh to salty towards the coastal area. This phenomenon indicates that the salty water is diluted. (c) Drainage All the confined water involved lies more than 40 m deep under the ground surface and it can not be cut by rivers. But, when it extends to the deep sea area, it can be cut by sea water. At present, because of the large scale extraction of the ground water in Ningbo district, the hydrodynamic slope and the flow direction of the ground water has changed. It indicates that the artificial extraction behavior is the main passage of the drainage of the ground water. It was verified by the reduction of fresh water and the intrusion of salt water.in Ningbo district (refer to Fig. 7-19). 7.4.5.3 The Assessment of the Impact of Ash Disposal Area on Ground Water The Niloshan ash disposal area is seated at a newly reclaimed beach area. The examinations mentioned above point out that there is no ground water aquifer there. The confined aquifer ulnder t.he-ash disposal area is changed iFto salt, and it i- useless. Besides, the confined aquifer lies atV40 m dieep-or more. Above this layers a layer of clayey soil of which the permealitlity is as low as 0.02 m/day. Furthermore, the ash water does not possess a waterhead. Therefore, the ash water will not have any unfavorable effect on the ground water. 7.4.6 The Impact on Tidal Flat Breeding and the Utilization of Land 7.4.6.1 The Unfavorable Factors To build Niloshan ash disposal area, it is planned to requisite 2700 acres of tidal flat area east of the Zhenhai Petrochemical Works. Although there are no residents on the tidal flat, there is no problem of resettlement yet. There are 50 acres (3.3 ha.) of odd small aquatic breeding ponds. For this, the local government demand the power plant authorities to pay 500,000 Yuan for compensation. 123 7.4.6.2 The Favorable Factors The potential and most valuable prospect of constructing and using the Niloshan osh disposal area is that a land area of 1?,900 acres (8.6 Km') are formed when the volume of 40,000,000 m of space is filled up with ashes. This part of land is adjacent to the relatively developed Zhenhai district, whose land and water transportation are very convenient, and is of higher value for the development and utilization of land. If we estimate the value of these lands by the present price of 30,000 yuan/acre, the potential value of them would be more than 300,000,000 yuan. Therefore, the overall benefit of the ash yard construction is prominent. 7.5 An Analysis of the Impact of Noise on Environments 7.5.1 Calculation Model The fundamental calculation model of the noise of the Phase 11 project is predicted as follows: Q 4 Lp Lu 4 lOg … + …~ 4L-r2 ---- R where: Lp-- sound pressure level dB(A) L- sound power level (db) Q -- orientation factor r -- radius of the spherical radiation (m) R -- room constant The total sound pressure level at the point of prediction n+,t Lk + AK L lOg10= E 10 (---…k wi 10 where: Lvk-- equivalent sound power level at the center of the building n -- total number of equivalent windows k -- ordinal number of discrete sound source outside the room -- overall attenuation t = LD +LA +LB LD -- distance attenuation LA -- attenuation due to absorption of air LB -- attenuation 124 In calculation, the plant area of Phase I & 11 projects is divided into squares with 50 x 50 intervals and then calculate the noise level of each knot of these squares. 7.5.2 The Predicted Result Based on the data calculated from every knot, plot the isophonic curve with 5 dB(A) interval as shown in Fig. 7-20. The calculation shown in Fig. 7-20 points out that the environmental noise of the power plant is chiefly the result of the outward radiation of the noise generated by boundaries of the main factory building. The noises generated by auxiliary buildings, owing to its small power, attenuate within a relative small distance. The distribution of the noise level curves are radicalizedly centered at the main building. The highest value, 70 -- 80 dB(A), is in the area of 10--100 m around the main building. The sound level in the front area of the plant is 60 dB(A). The sound level in the Suanshan wharf Jiving area is 55 dB(A), which satisfies the requirement of the second class of mixed area. As for the living area of the staff and workers southwest of the power plant, the distance to the main building is more than 1000 Km. so the noise in this area are reduced to the background level except for the fortuitous noises from exhausts. 125 VIII. Anti-Pollution Policy and Environmental Protection Investment Analysis 8.1 Measures Against Smoke Pollution 8.1.3 Requirements on Dust Removal Both dust/smoke and sulphur dioxide are the major polluting factors affecting the quility of atmospheric environment. According to the intensity of smoke emission source of BTPP and "Standard on Atmospheric Pollutant Emission for Coal-fired Power Plants" of our country (GB13223-91), the dust/smoke removal efficiency of the generating plants must exceed 99.13%. Therefore, Phase II Project should adopt high-efficiency dust-removing equipment using multi-fields static electricity technique in its design. pAT`;, -I'7 LM 2 1UJ 1ati-1Pf )O0 z 8.1.2 Using Clustered Type Chimneys Clustered type chimney is a double-barrel chimney used for two units at the same time. Such method helps to raise the thermal lifting height of the original smoke and reduce the concentration of poliutants on the ground surface. According to calculation, if other factors remain unchanged, the clustered type chimneys used in Phase II will, by comparison to the traditional single-tube chimneys, increase 26% of the smoke lifting height and reduce more than 17% of the maximum ground surface concentration. Moreover, in the sight of the Project, the clustered tape chimney saves money, the cost of its pile driving, basement and chimney-tube materials is relatively low. Thus, we recommend clustered Lype chimney design for the Phase II Project. 8.1.3 Limiting the Sulphur Content of Coal and Reserved Site for Desulfurizing Jnstallation The sulphur content of coal used in the power plant strongly affects the surface concentration of S02. In order to reduce the atmospheric pollution, it is necessary for the power plant to take effective measures to strictly limit the sulphur content of the coal. If the sulphur content of raw coal supplying to the power plant is found to be higher than 1%. The power plant must use coal of low sulphur content to mix them in order to ensure the coal being supplied to the boiler has a sulphur content of lower than 1%. In order lo meet the requirement to improve the air qualityfurther, it is suggested that land should be reserved for desulfurizing installation in the design in order to construct the desulfurizing installation if it is necessary. 126 8.2 Disposal of Production Waste Water and Reserved Site for Desulfurizing Installation The projects and domestic waste waier of Phase I & ll Projects amounts to 6549 m*3/day. Physical, chemical and biological processing equipment has been considered io handle the waste water individually. The result of the similar equipment which has already been used in Phase I is on the whole satisfactory. The major task of Phase ll is to handle the non-regular production waste water ( No.2 waste water). The kind of waste water includes the rinsing water after acid-cleaning of boilers and air pre-heating equipment, and the waste water of the coal yard, etc. Such water has a large volume of instantaneous discharge and very complicated quality. It is difficult to handle it. Such water system also discharges sludge, which also demands careful attention. Besides, in order to control the oil pollution on the sea, special attention should be paid to the disposal of oil-bearing water. The oil/water separation process by the oil isolation pool only, generally spesking, cannot meet < 10 mgil requirement on " The Comprehensive Standard of Waste Water Drainage " (GB8978-88). Hence, the water should be further handled by oxidization and flocculation process in No.2 Waste Water Processing System and ensure all the indexes conform to the standard. During Phase II project, a scheme to recirculate and reuse the production waste water after having been treated should be gradually implemented (such as reuse it for flushing equipment, floor, etc.) in order to save water resources as far as possible and to reduce the discharge load. 8.3 Comprehensive Utilization of Ash/Slag 8.3.1 Neccessity of Ash/Slag Exploitation and Utilization Although the building of ash yards may solve the ash/slag disposal problem of the power plant, it is not a long term measure. Because of the capacity of a slag yard is limited, as long as the generating plant operates, large capital investment is continuously needed to enlarge or re-build the yards. The final solution of the ash/slag discharged by the plants is to comprehensively utilize the ash/slag in multiple ways, according to local conditions in order to decrease the cost of disposal and the land occupied. 127 8.3.2 The Ways to Comprehensively Utilize Ash/slag The location of the Project is near the East China Sea, and the distance to Ningbo city proper is only 25 Km. Transportation by highway, railway and water is convenient and a completed, reliable dry/wet ash conveyance system has already been set up. These conditions offer a good chance for ash/slag utilization in Ningbo District shows that local building materials, road-construction and municipal works, etc. 8.3.2.1 Its Use in Cement Production There are 11 small and medium-sized cement plants is Ningbo District now, which totally produce nearly 700,000 tons of common silicate cement every year. Most plants use slag of steel blast furnaces from Shanghai and Hangzhou as mixing materials. The coal-slag power from the power plant may achieve the same result, and will save trasportion expense and reduce the cost. If each ton of cement is mixed with 10X of coal-slag powder, 70,000 tons of coal-slag powder will be used each year, and transportation expenses of 2.8 million Yuan (RMB) can be saved, Which is estimated by an average distance from Shanghai to Hangzhou and transportation expenses of 0.2 Yuan per kilometer. 8.3.2.2 Its Use in Brick and Tile Production These are more than 200 brick and tile plants in Ningbo District now. Most of them use river or pond silt to make brick, some are still making brick by destroying farmland. If they mix some coal-slag powder, the economical results in saving mud and protection land resources are conspicuous. There are more than 40 brick and tile plants in Beilun Region and it's adjacent Nin County. The estimated annual production amounts to 700 million bricks. If every brick is mixed with 20% (0.5 kg) Of coal-slag power, 35,000 tons of coal-slag powder can be used each year. 8.3.2.3 Its Use in Road Construction Using mixtures such as coal/slag powder, Lime and crushed stones in building the base and lower base-layer of a high-standard highway or an expressway has the advantages of high strength, solid integration, non-cracking, good water stability, and anti-freeze stability. Besides, such technique is relatively mature. Ningbo District now re-builds up to 80--100 km of low-standard highway every year and needs tens of thousand tons of 128 coal-slag powder as filling layer. The Hangzhou-Ningbo Expressway which started to be built since 1992 is totally 145 Km long. Its Ningbo Section is 65 Km long, which needs huge quantity of coal-slag powder as back filling layer and roadbed. 8.3.2.4 Its Use in Filling-up Program Beilun Port Area and the adjacent Xiaogang Developing Zone are rather low topographically, the ground is only 2.5 m above the sea level. The average foundation should be filled up more than 1 D. The coal-slag power as filling materials is technically feasible. E.g. the new buildings of the Beilungang Power Plant have used coal-slag powder of their own plant as back filling materials. As the Beilun Developing Zone continues to enlarge and develop, some million tons of slag will be used to fill up the low lying ground. 8.4 Measure against Noise Pollution Phase II of BTPP is an extension project. The main factory buildings, supplementary workshops, administration buildings and workers' living quarters have been integrative designed in Phase 1. Therefore, the measures against noise mainly considered are how to reduce the noise intensity of those sound sources (For details refer to Table 5-12 and 5-13). In the purchase of the major equipment for Phase 11, attention should be paid to noise intensity. Each large-power noisy equipment must not exceed the limits required in " Standard of Noise Intensity for Chief Equipment of the Generating Plant ". Those equipment that cannot technically conform to the above standard for the time being must have noise suppressing devices or mufflers for the time being must have noise suppressing devices or muffles. The air vents of the deaerators and the safety valves of boilers should be installed with small-hole silencer with a capacity of over 30 dB(A). Primary-air fans and forced draught fans must have a sound absorbing hood, which can substantially reduce the noise over Suanshan Harbor Workers' Living quarters. Besides, in the main buildings and very noisy workshops such as boiler-rooms should install sound absorbing materials. Workshops that people regularly move about should have a soundproof room for persons on duty to ensure them a better working condition. 8.5 Measures against Major Accidents in Operation I; ; 8.5.1 The Occurrence of Accidents and Their Impact IrJ.> The production of a power plant is constantly in a high- iemeralure, high-pressure and continuousy operating state. The whole plant is a huge. complicated installation which is prone to accidents. Besides. trouble in any part or system may cause power-reduction or stoppage of the machine, and even 129 result in serious accidents such as human casualty and equipment damage. There also happened a few major accidents in domestic power plants and caused huge damages. Once an accident occurs in a power plant, in addition to its production loss, as we face constant power shortage in China now, it will have a great negative impact upon the whole society, economy and people's life. For instance, a 600 MW set can provide more than 12,000,000 kWh to the community each day, the loss of social output value is up to 8.4 million RMB yuan (1 kWh is estimated to create 7 yuan's output value). 8.5.2 Measures to Avoid Accidents There are mainly two factors that bring about faults in the power system, one is the poor quality of equipment, the other is the violation to the operation rules. Therefore, power plants must pay attention to the quality conirol over the whole process, i.e. the general design, the selection of equipment, supervision of its manufacture, installation, adjustment and operational management and strictly control the quality of coal feeding into the boiler in accordance with the designed coal requirments and try hard to eliminate accidents while they are hidden. Traditionally the power department has attachded great importance to producLion safety. It has a set of strict safety regulations, a set of technical management institutions to serve the production safety. To make it more perfect, we suggest that the power department should train a special detachment with good technique and discipline to enhance reliablity of production safety, and avoid major accidents. 8.6 Afforesting the Plant Area 8.6.1 Purpose Afforesting the plant area can beautify the environment and create a comfortable local atmosphere. Besieds, it can purify the air and reduce dust, noise, heat and injurious insects. It is beneficial to the workers' health, working condition and production efficiency. 8.6.2 Afforesting Plan The front part of the plant area is a crowded p]ace. As a center for afforesting. ornamental plants are the main choice. 130 The open space in fronl of the reception office and the administration building may have a flower terrace aind grassland, like Chinese rose, azalea, camellia, etc., may be planted, that will give the people a feeling of "flower garden plant". Around the buildings, magnolia denudata, camplior tree, yew podocarpus, etc. may be planed, mixed with shrub, lity, etc. On both sides of the main paths, some shady, dirt-resistant trees may be planted, such as camphor trees, Chinese parasol trees, willow, etc. Around the walls of the workshop buildings it is better to have a high, dense forest, e.g. metasequoia, French ilex and camphor treeas. Below these trees some fruit trees can be planted. We should utilize all the vacant land and increase afforesting acreage. 8.6.3 Afforesting Acreage In addition to those afforesting centers in the plant area, planting along the paths and inside and outside of boundary walls should not be neglected. The afforestion acreage should cover 15% of the total a.reage of the plant area. 8.7 Plan for Environmental Monitoring 8.7.1 Tasks The tasks of environmental monitoring on the power plants are the following: monitoring the pollutant emitted by the power plants at regular inter-als; be aware of the local environmental quality and its trend; supervising safety in production and management over the environment; proaiding scientific basis for pollution control and environmental purification, and in case of bad weather, suggesting measures to reduce pollutant emission to guarantee the environmental quality of the area above the standard requirements. 8.7.2 The Staffing of Environmental Monitoring Station and Their Responsibilities According to No. 299 Notice issued by the former Ministry of Water Conservancy and Electric Power in 1987. power plants must establish environmental protection and monitoring station. The number of its staff may be decided by the construction unit, technicians speciallized in analytic chemistry, environmental engineering and thermodynamics should 131 be included. The responsibility of such a station is: a) To carry out i.he documlents and instructions given by the superior departments: establish and perfect various rules and regulations regarding the operation of the station. b) To perform the supervision task set in the regulations; to monitor the pollutants at each outlet of the power plant to see whether the indices conform to the standard or not: to guarantee the monitoring quality and the statistics be typical and accurate: to increase monitoring frequency when unusual and new pollutants are fround and report to the superior departments. c) To collect classify and analyze the monitoring results and statistics and environmental indices, to establish the ,monitoringfiles. d) To maintain and adjust the environmental monitoring equipment and instruments and ensure they are always in good working condition. e) To participate in the investigation into the environmental pollution accidents of the power plant. f) To paricipate in the evaluation of the environmental qulity of the power plant. g) To prepare and submit reports on pollution monitoring and environmenal survey, according to the stipulated requirement.s. 8.7.3 Places, Items and Period of Monitoring Each month, the environmental monitoring station of the power plant should measure and calculate the quantity of waste water of each outlet and the smoke/dust emission of each boiler chimney and check periodically the following items and sites: a) Outlets of acid and alkali chemical liquid waste (after neutralization): check PH value and suspended matter during dischage. b) Outilets of ashtslag _water_jof the slag yards:check PH value, suspended dust.,rsenium> and its chemical compounds once every half month. c-) Outlets of domestic sewage: check PH value, suspended 132 < matter chemical oxygen consumption and oil content, once every month. d) Water outlets of open-air coal yards: check PH value and suspended matter, in rainy season. j e) The general water oujilets: check PH value, suspended maiter, once in ten-day periods; chemical oxygen consumption, < oil, once in a season. f) Chimney smoke: check dust and S02 concentration once year. g) Smoke purifying system and dust-removers: check dust- removing efficiency, once a year. h) Production area (including the slag yards)and workers' living quarters: check dust falling quantity and concentration of suspended dust once a year. K i} Production area and workers' living quarters: check \ environmental noise intensity, once a year. j) Measure month by month the quantity of waste water flowage of each outlet in the power plant and the smoke emission of each boiler chimney. 8.7.4 The Instruments and Expenditure " The Environmental Monitoring Regulations for the Power Plants" has definitely assigned what instruments should be equipped by the environmental monitoring station. Considering the practical needs of the EMT of BTPP and, over the past few years, the ever-enhancing level of environmental management on power plants, the detailed list of the instruments and equipment is shown in Chart 8-1. The investment on the instruments and equipment is estimated to be 850,000 yuianRMB. The cFnstruction acreage of the monitoring station is 200-- 300 m . 8.8 Estimation of Investment on Environmental Protection The investment on the environmental protection of the Phase II project is estimated as follows: 133 Electrostatic precipitator (RMB) (including building structures and installtion) 60,00,000 Ash/slag removing pipes (ditto) 85,000,000 Waste water treatment system (ditto) 2,500,000 Chimneys 20,000,000 Ash dyke 80,000,000 Environmental Monitoring Station 1,000,000 Minor items (afforesting, coal saving system, dust/noise suppressors,etc.) 1,000,000 Total 249,500,000 The investment on the environmental protection of Phase II accounts about 6% of the total investment. 134 IX. Public Involvement Opinion 9.1 The Historical Development of the Region Where the Power Plant Is to Be Built The Beilungang Power Plant is situated in the Beilun Region of Ningbo. Owing to historical reasons, this region is backward in economy. The leading livelihood of the inhabitants is agriculture and fishing. The average yearly income per capita in 1970s was less than 300 yuan RMB. However, Beilun Region has 13 Km long deep-water coastline and vast hinterland. Its railways and highway radiate in all directions. Such advantageous conditions are known and aroused attention in the world. According to " The General City Plan of Ningbo ", Beilun Development Zone is to be built into a large oceangoing relay port. Since it possesses a good deep-water harbour, the emphasis will be laid on energy and raw material industry such as electricity, steel, building materials, ship builPding.etc. Beilungang Power Plant is just an important part of the general city plan. It is of great significance to the development of Beilun Region, the solution of power shortage of East China Region and the econmic development of Zhejiang ,'7 Province as a whole. (A, ,.' The local people have expressed their appreciation and support i to this project. 9.2 Summary of Speeches Made by the Deputies of the People's Congress In the 5th session of the 9th People's Congress of Ningbo held in Feb. 1992, deputies from Beilun Region, who are elected by the public, spoke warmly in support of the national p6licy regarding Beilun Development Zone and were determined to fulfil this magnificent goal with the help of the local people. Deputy Shun Yan-biao and Deputy Pai .Zao-yang made speeches warmly supporting thn city government's operational report and said the general public were all confident to promote the construction of Beilun's industry. Deputy Song Xi-kang pointed out that Beilun Developing Zone was well-known and its 135 investment circumstance was better than ever, we should lose no time to solve a few practical issues, such as the study on the general strategy of its construction; create favorable conditions for international investment, provide favorable policy to attract more qualified personnel to Beilun. Deputy Pai Zao-yang and Deputy Zhao You pointed out, the process of reformation and opening to the outside world should be further hastened; the situation and trend of Beilun Region's construction now were very good and promising. These speeches made by the DPC show that Beilun's general public has placed great hopes on the local development, including the Beilungang Power Plant. They hope the local economy and the industry of villages and towns will thus be brought along to develop, and the living standard of the local people will be further improved. 136 X. Conclusions and Suggestions 10.1 General Situation of Environment 10.1.1 The Atmosphere Before the Phase I & 11 of the BTPP has been put into operation, the quality of the atmosphere of the region is excellent, in which, both S02 and NO2 concentration conformed to the 2nd class requirements specified in " Standard of Environmental Atmospheric Quality " (GB3095-82), only TSP in certain places exceeded the 2nd class value, mainly due to the dust on the road. 10.1.2 Sea Area The monitoring items taken from the sea area near the power plant now all conform to the second class sea water standard, except a few minor indexes. The general situation of the sea area environment is fairly good. 10.2 The Impact of the Project on the Environment 10.2.1 The Impact of Atmospheric Quality 10.2.1.1 General Influence After the Phase I & II have been put into operation, under various wind conditions, the maximum ground of both SO? and drifting dust did not exceed Class 2 of atmospheric quality stan?ard: the Max. S02 ground surface concentration was 0.218 mg/m _by adding the region's background value, the sum is V 64.8% of the -ate's s-TanidardC.- 10.2.1.2 The Effects on Xingqi Town Xingqi Town is the location of the Administration of Beilun Region and is the chief target to be protected by the Project. The worst effect on the town due to the power plant smoke is the unsteady meteorological conditions. Under such conditions, the Max. SO2 is 0.211 mg/m , adding the region's / backround concentration, the sum does not exceed the Class 2 v standard, -which accounts for 57.2% of the state standard. However, the influence of the drifing dust is very slight. 10.2.1.3 The Effects on Ningbo City Under ENE wind direction and neutral meteorological conditions, the smoke of power plant (Phase I & I]) will exert maximum effect upon Ningbo city propej. The Max. zk instantaneous SO concentration is 0.]21 mg/m , which is 24.2i -% 7 of Class 2 standard. If it is added by background \'r; concentration monitored in urban district of Ningbo, the maximum detected value is 0.267 mg/m3, it still does not 137 exceed the grade I} of the standard, which accounts for 77.6% of the standard value. -WhbIe-tem effect of drifting dcust is relatively slight. Because the distance between the power plant and Ningbo city proper is more than 25 km, and the yearly frequency of ENE wind not seriously affect Ningbo city proper. 10.2.2 The Effect of Water Quality of the Sea Area When the cooling water of Phase I & II of the Project is discharged, the maximum instantaneous temperature rise of the sea water 200 m near the outlets is 3.01 C, the daily average V is 1.50C. However, in case of violent tide or typhoon, the Max. temperature rise may be 3.69'C. In the preceding calculation, the thickness of warm water layer is estimated as 5 meters. 10.2.3 Aquatic Life and Other Ecological Influences 10.2.3.1 The Effect on Aquatic Life in the Sea Area The main factor of the Project that directly affects the aquatic life in the sea area is the warm discharge (cooling waste water), while the most affected is plankton. In Beilun sea area, because the natural water temperature varies greatly, the marine life can adapt to a wider temperature range than that in the outer sea area. The area of sea area with a rise in temperature of 1-°C is 2.4--4.3 km , which accounts for 2.4% of 'the total area of Jinfang.ualterwaY.-On -the whole, it can be concluded that the warmn disch'arg''of the project will not significantly affect the aquatic life in Beilun sea area. 10.2.3.2 The Whirling Effect When Pumping the Cooling Water To avoid the whirling and suction effect on fish when pumping the cooling water in the sea area, it has been considered in the project design to adopt a pumping speed of 0.25--0.3 m/s, which is slower than the natural tidal speed. At the same time, near the intake, two trash racks and a rotary screen are installed to exclude solid waste and marine life. According to the study on the specific subject, when the pumping speed does not exceed 0.362 m/s, there will be no apparent whirling and suction effect upon small fish. In addition, since the amount of cooling water used by power plant only accounts for lower than 1.7% of the tidal current in Jintang waterway, although part of organism such as alga may be pumped cooling water system, but it can not exert substantial impact on present sea area. 138 10.2.3.3 Utilization of Land and Resettlement Problem In Phase 1, 1561.5 mu (104.1 hectare) of 2land in Beilun Region have been requistioned and 2212.6 m of building were dismantled. The resettlement involved 1,012 persons, who have settled down right in Xingqi Town of the same region. The plant site of Phase 11 is within the scope of the requisitioned land of the Phase 1, so there is no problems of requisition of land and resettlement. According to national discharge standard and the productive ; Practice of the same kind of power plants in China, the ash \ water which exceeds the standard can be treated by " -': neutralization method by adding H2SO, and discharged into sea t)& area after the PH is lower than 9. 2 10.2.4 The Disposal of Ash and Slag 10.2.4.1 The Effect of Ash-water on Sea Water Quality 10.2.4.2 The Effect on Slag-yard Underground Water The ash water will not exert negative effect on the underground water near the slag yard. 10.2.5 The Effect of Noise The environmental noise of the power plant originates from the noise radiation of the main buildings. With a radius of 10-- 100 m the intensity of noise reaches its Max. --70--80 dB (A). The intensity of noise in front of the power plant is 60 dB(A), and the Suanshan Worker's Living quarter is 55 dB(A), V which conforms to the criteria set in ' The Standard of Environmental Noise for Municipal Area " (GB3096-82). The Living quarters southwest of the Power Plant is far away, the noise is so weak that it is within the range of the background intensity. 10.2.6 Public Involvement and Opinions Beilun Region was historically backward in economy. The average yearly income per capita was less than 300 yuan. However, favorable geographic conditions have offered it a chance to build a good deep water harbour and to develop modern industy. In the 5th session of the 9th People's Congress of Ningbo held in Feb. 1992, depu;ies from Beilun Region spoke warmly in support of the national policy regarding Beilun Development Zone and were determined to fulfil this magnificent goal with the help of the local people. 139 A COI The speeches made by the DPC show that Beilun's general public supports the project and has placed great hope on the local development, including the Beilungang Power Plant. They hope the local economy and the rural industry will thus be brought along to develop, and the living standard of the local people will be further improved. i 10.3 Anti-Pollution Policy 10.3.1 MeasuresAgainst Smoke Pollution V According to " The Standard of Atmospheric Pollutant EmissionVA,9 for Coal-Fired Power Plants"(GB13223-91). the dust/smoke' 140 During Phase {I project, a scheme to recirculate and reuse the prodtuctionwaste water atter treament should be considered in the design (such as used for fltushing eqtuipment, fool, etc.) in order to save water resource as for as possible and to reduce discharge load. 10.3.3 Comprehensive Utilization of Ash/Slag Although setting up slag yards may solve the ash/slag disposal problem in the power plant. it needs a large amount of investment and occupies a vast piece of land, which also exerts negatice ecological impact. According to a special investigation. the ash/slag discharged by the power plant is considered to have a wide-range of application in local cement and brick production, as well as in road building and for backfilling. 10.3.4 Measures to Avoid Faults Once a major fault occurs in a power plant. its impact upon the whole society, the economy and people's life would be immeasurable. From an analysis of the causes of fault, the power plant authorities must pay great attention to the quality control over the whole process. i.e. the general design, the selection of equipment, supervision of its manufacture, installation, adjustments and operation management. And stricttly control the quality of coal feeding into the boiler in accordance with the designed coal requirements. And the electric power department should train a special detachment with good techinque and discipline so as to enhance the reliability of safe production and aviod major faults. 10.3.5 Plan for Environmental Monitoring Power plants should establish an environmental protection and monitoring station which is also responsible for the environmental management. The station will monitor periodically the pollution sources such as the smoke, waste water (including domestic sewage and ash water) and noise discharged by the power plant, to see if the pollutants at each outlet conform to the standard requirements, and to provide basis for the pollution control of the local region. 10.3.6. Insist in a System of Public Involvement_. During Phase I1 project construction and after the project has been put into operation, the local people should be well informed of the contents of project planning as well as the techical measures taken in environmental protection. Public opinion and recommendations should be respected, and construction plan will coordinated. 141