Towards the Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from End-Of-Life Products: Hydrometallurgical Routes and Mathematical Modelling of Extraction Systems
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Contents 2009
INNEHÅLLSFÖRTECKNING/CONTENTS Page Forssberg, Eric, Luleå University of Technology Energy in mineral beneficiation 1 Acarkan N., Kangal O., Bulut G., Önal G. Istanbul Technical University The comparison of gravity separation and flotation of gold and silver bearing ore 3 Ellefmo, Steinar & Ludvigsen, Erik, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Geological Modelling in a Mineral Resources Management Perspective 15 Hansson, Johan, Sundkvist, Jan-Eric, Bolin, Nils Johan, Boliden Mineral AB A study of a two stage removal process 25 Hulthén, Erik & Evertsson, Magnus, Chalmers University of Technology Optimization of crushing stage using on-line speed control on a cone crusher 37 Hooey1, P.L., Spiller2, D.E, Arvidson3, B.R., Marsden4, P., Olsson5, E., 1MEFOS, 2Eric Spiller Consultants LLC, 3Bo Arvidson Consulting LLC, 4, 5Northland Resources Inc. Metallurgical development of Northland Resources' IOCG resources 47 Ikumapayi, Fatai K., Luleå University of Technology, Sundkvist, Jan-Eric & Bolin, Nils-Johan, Boliden Mineral AB Treatment of process water from molybdenum flotation 65 Johansson, Björn, Boliden Mineral AB Limitations in the flotation process 79 Kongas, Matti & Saloheimo, Kari, Outotec Minerals Oy New innovations in on-stream analysis for flotation circuit management and control 89 Kuyumcu, Halit Z. & Rosenkranz, Jan, TU Berlin Investigation of Fluff Separation from Granulated Waste Plastics to be Used in 99 Blast Furnace Operation Mickelsson1, K-O, Östling2 J, Adolfsson3, G., 1LKAB Malmberget, 2Optimation AB Luleå, 3LKAB Kiruna -
The Rare Earths II
Redis co very of the Elements The Ra re Earth s–The Con fusing Years I A gallery of rare earth scientists and a timeline of their research I I James L. Marshall, Beta Eta 1971 , and Virginia R. Marshall, Beta Eta 2003 , Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5070, [email protected] The rare earths after Mosander. In the pre - vi ou s HEXAGON “Rediscovery” article, 1p we were introduced to the 17 rare earths, found in the f-block and the Group III chemical family of Figure 1. Important scientists dealing with rare earths through the nineteenth century. Johan Gadolin the Periodic Table. Because of a common (1760 –1852) 1g —discovered yttrium (1794). Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1779 –1848) and Martin Heinrich valence electron configuration, the rare earths Klaproth (1743 –1817) 1d —discovered cerium (1803). Carl Gustaf Mosander (1787 –1858) 1p —discovered have similar chemical properties, and their lanthanum (1839), didymium (1840), terbium, and erbium (1843). Jean-Charles deGalissard Marignac chemical separation from one another can be (1817 –1894) 1o —discovered ytterbium (1878) and gadolinium (1880). Per Teodor Cleve (1840 –1905) 1n — difficult. From preparations of the first two rare discovered holmium and thulium (1879). Lars Fredrik Nilson (1840 –1899) 1n —discovered scandium earth element s—yttrium and ceriu m—the (1879). Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1838 –1912) —discovered samarium (1879) and dysprosium Swedish chemist Carl Gustaf Mosander (Figure (1886). 1b Carl Auer von Welsbach (1858 –1929) 1c —discovered praseodymium and neodymium (1885); 1, 2) was able to separate four additional ele - co-discovered lutetium (1907). -
National Instrument 43-101 Technical Report
ASANKO GOLD MINE – PHASE 1 DEFINITIVE PROJECT PLAN National Instrument 43-101 Technical Report Prepared by DRA Projects (Pty) Limited on behalf of ASANKO GOLD INC. Original Effective Date: December 17, 2014 Amended and Restated Effective January 26, 2015 Qualified Person: G. Bezuidenhout National Diploma (Extractive Metallurgy), FSIAMM Qualified Person: D. Heher B.Sc Eng (Mechanical), PrEng Qualified Person: T. Obiri-Yeboah, B.Sc Eng (Mining) PrEng Qualified Person: J. Stanbury, B Sc Eng (Industrial), Pr Eng Qualified Person: C. Muller B.Sc (Geology), B.Sc Hons (Geology), Pr. Sci. Nat. Qualified Person: D.Morgan M.Sc Eng (Civil), CPEng Asanko Gold Inc Asanko Gold Mine Phase 1 Definitive Project Plan Reference: C8478-TRPT-28 Rev 5 Our Ref: C8478 Page 2 of 581 Date and Signature Page This report titled “Asanko Gold Mine Phase 1 Definitive Project Plan, Ashanti Region, Ghana, National Instrument 43-101 Technical Report” with an effective date of 26 January 2015 was prepared on behalf of Asanko Gold Inc. by Glenn Bezuidenhout, Douglas Heher, Thomas Obiri-Yeboah, Charles Muller, John Stanbury, David Morgan and signed: Date at Gauteng, South Africa on this 26 day of January 2015 (signed) “Glenn Bezuidenhout” G. Bezuidenhout, National Diploma (Extractive Metallurgy), FSIAMM Date at Gauteng, South Africa on this 26 day of January 2015 (signed) “Douglas Heher” D. Heher, B.Sc Eng (Mechanical), PrEng Date at Gauteng, South Africa on this 26 day of January 2015 (signed) “Thomas Obiri-Yeboah” T. Obiri-Yeboah, B.Sc Eng (Mining) PrEng Date at Gauteng, South Africa on this 26 day of January 2015 (signed) “Charles Muller” C. -
Stillwater Mine, 45°23'N, 109°53'W East Boulder Mine, 45°30'N, 109°05'W
STILLWATER MINING COMPANY TECHNICAL REPORT FOR THE MINING OPERATIONS AT STILLWATER MINING COMPANY STILLWATER MINE, 45°23'N, 109°53'W EAST BOULDER MINE, 45°30'N, 109°05'W (BEHRE DOLBEAR PROJECT 11-030) MARCH 2011 PREPARED BY: MR. DAVID M. ABBOTT, JR., CPG DR. RICHARD L. BULLOCK, P.E. MS. BETTY GIBBS MR. RICHARD S. KUNTER BEHRE DOLBEAR & COMPANY, LTD. 999 Eighteenth Street, Suite 1500 Denver, Colorado 80202 (303) 620-0020 A Member of the Behre Dolbear Group Inc. © 2011, Behre Dolbear Group Inc. All Rights Reserved. www.dolbear.com Technical Report for the Mining Operations at Stillwater Mining Company March 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.0 SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................... 1 3.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 3.2 EXPLORATION ................................................................................................................ 1 3.3 GEOLOGY AND MINERALIZATION ............................................................................ 2 3.4 DRILLING, SAMPLING METHOD, AND ANALYSES ................................................. 3 3.5 RESOURCES AND RESERVES ....................................................................................... 3 3.6 DEVELOPMENT AND OPERATIONS ........................................................................... 5 3.6.1 Mining Operation .................................................................................................. -
Gravity Concentration in Artisanal Gold Mining
minerals Review Gravity Concentration in Artisanal Gold Mining Marcello M. Veiga * and Aaron J. Gunson Norman B. Keevil Institute of Mining Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 21 September 2020; Accepted: 13 November 2020; Published: 18 November 2020 Abstract: Worldwide there are over 43 million artisanal miners in virtually all developing countries extracting at least 30 different minerals. Gold, due to its increasing value, is the main mineral extracted by at least half of these miners. The large majority use amalgamation either as the final process to extract gold from gravity concentrates or from the whole ore. This latter method has been causing large losses of mercury to the environment and the most relevant world’s mercury pollution. For years, international agencies and researchers have been promoting gravity concentration methods as a way to eventually avoid the use of mercury or to reduce the mass of material to be amalgamated. This article reviews typical gravity concentration methods used by artisanal miners in developing countries, based on numerous field trips of the authors to more than 35 countries where artisanal gold mining is common. Keywords: artisanal mining; gold; gravity concentration 1. Introduction Worldwide, there are more than 43 million micro, small, medium, and large artisanal miners extracting at least 30 different minerals in rural regions of developing countries (IGF, 2017) [1]. Approximately 20 million people in more than 70 countries are directly involved in artisanal gold mining (AGM), with an estimated gold production between 380 and 450 tonnes per annum (tpa) (Seccatore et al., 2014 [2], Thomas et al., 2019 [3], Stocklin-Weinberg et al., 2019 [4], UNEP, 2020 [5]). -
RBRC-32 BNL-6835.4 PARITY ODD BUBBLES in HOT QCD D. KHARZEEV in This ~A~Er We Give a Pedawwicalintroduction~0 Recent Work Of
RBRC-32 BNL-6835.4 PARITY ODD BUBBLES IN HOT QCD D. KHARZEEV RIKEN BNL Research Center, Br$ookhauenNational Laboratory, . Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA R.D. PISARSKI Department of Physics, Brookhaven National Laboratoy, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA M.H.G. TYTGAT Seruice de Physique Th&orique, (7P 225, Uniuersitc4Libre de Bruzelles, B[ud. du !t%iomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium We consider the topological susceptibility for an SU(N) gauge theory in the limit of a large number of colors, N + m. At nonzero temperature, the behavior of the topological susceptibility depends upon the order of the reconfining phrrse transition. The meet interesting possibility is if the reconfining transition, at T = Td, is of second order. Then we argue that Witten’s relation implies that the topological suscepti~lfity vanishes in a calculable fdion at Td. Ae noted by Witten, this implies that for sufficiently light quark messes, metaetable etates which act like regions of nonzero O — parity odd bubbles — can arise at temperatures just below Td. Experimentally, parity odd bubbles have dramatic signature% the rI’ meson, and especially the q meson, become light, and are copiously produced. Further, in parity odd bubbles, processes which are normally forbidden, such as q + rr”ro, are allowed. The most direct way to detect parity violation is by measuring a parity odd global seymmetry for charged pions, which we define. 1 Introduction In this .-~a~er we give a Pedawwicalintroduction~0 recent work of ours? We I consider an SU(IV) gau”ge t~e~ry in the limit of a large number of colors, N + co, This is, of course, a familiar limit? We use the large N expansion I to investigate the behavior of the theory at nonzero temperature, especially for the topological susceptibility. -
Hexagon Fall
Redis co very of the Elements The Rare Earth s–The Beginnings I I I James L. Marshall, Beta Eta 1971 , and Virginia R. Marshall, Beta Eta 2003 , Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-5070, [email protected] 1 Rare earths —introduction. The rare earths Figure 1. The “rare earths” are defined by IUPAC as the 15 lanthanides (green) and the upper two elements include the 17 chemically similar elements of the Group III family (yellow). These elements have similar chemical properties and all can exhibit the +3 occupying the f-block of the Periodic Table as oxidation state by the loss of the highest three electrons (two s electrons and either a d or an f electron, well as the Group III chemical family (Figure 1). depending upon the particular element). A few rare earths can exhibit other oxidation states as well; for These elements include the 15 lanthanides example, cerium can lose four electrons —4f15d 16s 2—to attain the Ce +4 oxidation state. (atomic numbers 57 through 71, lanthanum through lutetium), as well as scandium (atomic number 21) and yttrium (atomic number 39). The chemical similarity of the rare earths arises from a common ionic configuration of their valence electrons, as the filling f-orbitals are buried in an inner core and generally do not engage in bonding. The term “rare earths” is a misnome r—these elements are not rare (except for radioactive promethium). They were named as such because they were found in unusual minerals, and because they were difficult to separate from one another by ordinary chemical manipula - tions. -
On the Association of Palladium-Bearing Gold, Hematite and Gypsum in an Ouro Preto Nugget
473 The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 41, pp. 473-478 (2003) ON THE ASSOCIATION OF PALLADIUM-BEARING GOLD, HEMATITE AND GYPSUM IN AN OURO PRETO NUGGET ALEXANDRE RAPHAEL CABRAL§ AND BERND LEHMANN Institut für Mineralogie und Mineralische Rohstoffe, Technische Universität Clausthal, Adolph-Roemer-Str. 2A, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany ROGERIO KWITKO-RIBEIRO§ Centro de Desenvolvimento Mineral, Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, Rodovia BR 262/km 296, Caixa Postal 09, 33030-970 Santa Luzia – MG, Brazil RICHARD D. JONES 1636 East Skyline Drive, Tucson, Arizona 85178, U.S.A. ORLANDO G. ROCHA FILHO Mina do Gongo Soco, Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, Fazenda Gongo Soco, Caixa Postal 22, 35970-000 Barão de Cocais – MG, Brazil ABSTRACT An ouro preto (black gold) nugget from Gongo Soco, Minas Gerais, Brazil, has a mineral assemblage of hematite and gypsum hosted by Pd-bearing gold. The hematite inclusion is microfractured and stretched. Scattered on the surface of the gold is a dark- colored material that consists partially of Pd–O with relics of palladium arsenide-antimonides, compositionally close to isomertieite and mertieite-II. The Pd–O coating has considerable amounts of Cu, Fe and Hg, and a variable metal:oxygen ratio, from O-deficient to oxide-like compounds. The existence of a hydrated Pd–O compound is suggested, and its dehydration or deoxygenation at low temperatures may account for the O-deficient Pd-rich species, interpreted as a transient phase toward native palladium. Although gypsum is a common mineral in the oxidized (supergene) zones of gold deposits, the hematite–gypsum- bearing palladian gold nugget was tectonically deformed under brittle conditions and appears to be of low-temperature hydrother- mal origin. -
The Geological Occurrence, Mineralogy, and Processing by Flotation of Platinum Group Minerals (Pgms) in South Africa and Russia
minerals Review The Geological Occurrence, Mineralogy, and Processing by Flotation of Platinum Group Minerals (PGMs) in South Africa and Russia Cyril O’Connor 1,* and Tatiana Alexandrova 2 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Minerals Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa 2 Department of Minerals Processing, St Petersburg Mining University, St Petersburg 199106, Russia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Russia and South Africa are the world’s leading producers of platinum group elements (PGEs). This places them in a unique position regarding the supply of these two key industrial commodities. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comparative high-level overview of aspects of the geological occurrence, mineralogy, and processing by flotation of the platinum group minerals (PGMs) found in each country. A summary of some of the major challenges faced in each country in terms of the concentration of the ores by flotation is presented alongside the opportunities that exist to increase the production of the respective metals. These include the more efficient recovery of minerals such as arsenides and tellurides, the management of siliceous gangue and chromite in the processing of these ores, and, especially in Russia, the development of novel processing routes to recover PGEs from relatively low grade ores occurring in dunites, black shale ores and in vanadium-iron-titanium-sulphide oxide formations. Keywords: Russia; South Africa; PGMs; geology; mineralogy; flotation Citation: O’Connor, C.; Alexandrova, T. The Geological Occurrence, Mineralogy, and Processing by Flotation of Platinum Group Minerals (PGMs) in South 1. Introduction Africa and Russia. -
NI 43-101 Report Template
Report to: Technical Report on the Magino Property, Wawa, Ontario Document No. 1295890100-REP-R0001-02 1295890100-REP-R0001-02 Report to: TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE MAGINO PROPERTY,WAWA,ONTARIO EFFECTIVE DATE:OCTOBER 4, 2012 Prepared by Patrick Huxtable, MAIG (RPGeo) Todd McCracken, P.Geo. Todd Kanhai, P.Eng. PT/JW/jc 1295890100-REP-R0001-02 Report to: TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE MAGINO PROPERTY,WAWA,ONTARIO EFFECTIVE DATE:OCTOBER 4, 2012 “Original document signed by Prepared by Patrick Huxtable, MAIG (RPGeo)” Date October 4, 2012 Patrick Huxtable, MAIG (RPGeo) “Original document signed by Prepared by Todd McCracken, P.Geo.” Date October 4, 2012 Todd McCracken, P.Geo. “Original document signed by Prepared by Todd Kanhai, P.Eng.” Date October 4, 2012 Todd Kanhai, P.Eng. “Original document signed by Reviewed by Jeff Wilson, Ph.D., P.Geo.” Date October 4, 2012 Jeff Wilson, Ph.D., P.Geo. “Original document signed by Authorized by Jeff Wilson, Ph.D., P.Geo.” Date October 4, 2012 Jeff Wilson, Ph.D., P.Geo. PT/JW/jc Suite 900, 330 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5H 2S8 Phone: 416-368-9080 Fax: 416-368-1963 1295890100-REP-R0001-02 REVISION HISTORY REV. PREPARED BY REVIEWED BY APPROVED BY NO ISSUE DATE AND DATE AND DATE AND DATE DESCRIPTION OF REVISION 00 2012/09/20 Patrick Huxtable Jeff Wilson Jeff Wilson Draft to Client for review. Todd McCracken 01 2012/09/27 Patrick Huxtable Jeff Wilson Jeff Wilson Draft to Client for review. Todd McCracken 02 2012/10/04 Patrick Huxtable Jeff Wilson Jeff Wilson Final to Client. -
Scavenging Flotation Tailings Using a Continuous Centrifugal Gravity Concentrator
Scavenging Flotation Tailings using a Continuous Centrifugal Gravity Concentrator by Hassan Ghaffari B.A.Sc. & M.A.Sc. Department of Mining Engineering, Technical Faculty Tehran University, Iran, 1990 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Applied Science in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF MINING ENGINEERIG THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA We accepted this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA August 2004 © Hassan Ghaffari, 2004 THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES Library Authorization In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. H ASS A A/ GrMFFAR I 31 ,o%2t>4 Name of Author (please print) Date (dd/mm/yyyy) Title of Thesis: Degree: /l/l-A S C Year: Department of The University of British Columbiumbia ^ u c/ Vancouver, BC Canada grad.ubc.ca/forms/?formlD=THS page 1 of 1 last updated: 31-Aug-04 11 Summary A study was conducted to evaluate the Knelson Continuous Variable Discharge (CVD) concentrator as a scavenger for coarse middling particles from flotation tailings. The goal was to recover a product of suitable grade for recycling to the grinding circuit to improve liberation and aid subsequent recovery in flotation. -
The Elements.Pdf
A Periodic Table of the Elements at Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory's Chemistry Division Presents Periodic Table of the Elements A Resource for Elementary, Middle School, and High School Students Click an element for more information: Group** Period 1 18 IA VIIIA 1A 8A 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 2 1 H IIA IIIA IVA VA VIAVIIA He 1.008 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 4.003 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 Li Be B C N O F Ne 6.941 9.012 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 3 Na Mg IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB ------- VIII IB IIB Al Si P S Cl Ar 22.99 24.31 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B ------- 1B 2B 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95 ------- 8 ------- 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 39.10 40.08 44.96 47.88 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.47 58.69 63.55 65.39 69.72 72.59 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5 Rb Sr Y Zr NbMo Tc Ru Rh PdAgCd In Sn Sb Te I Xe 85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 (98) 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3 55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 6 Cs Ba La* Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt AuHg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn 132.9 137.3 138.9 178.5 180.9 183.9 186.2 190.2 190.2 195.1 197.0 200.5 204.4 207.2 209.0 (210) (210) (222) 87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116 118 7 Fr Ra Ac~RfDb Sg Bh Hs Mt --- --- --- --- --- --- (223) (226) (227) (257) (260) (263) (262) (265) (266) () () () () () () http://pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/ (1 of 3) [5/17/2001 4:06:20 PM] A Periodic Table of the Elements at Los Alamos National Laboratory 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Lanthanide Series* Ce Pr NdPmSm Eu Gd TbDyHo Er TmYbLu 140.1 140.9 144.2 (147) 150.4 152.0 157.3 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0 175.0 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 Actinide Series~ Th Pa U Np Pu AmCmBk Cf Es FmMdNo Lr 232.0 (231) (238) (237) (242) (243) (247) (247) (249) (254) (253) (256) (254) (257) ** Groups are noted by 3 notation conventions.