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FINAL SECRETARIAL FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN REGULATORY IMPACT REVIEW L REGULATORY FLEXIBILITY ANALYSIS ! Lf for THE

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FINAL SECRETARIAL FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN REGULATORY IMPACT REVIEW L REGULATORY FLEXIBILITY ANALYSIS ! Lf for THE FINAL SECRETARIAL FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN REGULATORY IMPACT REVIEW l REGULATORY FLEXIBILITY ANALYSIS ! lf FOR THE RED DRUM FISHERY OF THE GULF OF MEXICO DECEMBER 1986 i J Prepared by the. National. Mc;trine Fisheries Ser~ic~. National Ocean,ic .and AtmosphedG Administration Departtnent of Comm¢.rce ~ SECRETARIAL FISHERY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE RED DRUM FISHERY OF THE GULF OF MEXICO DECEMBER 1986 The Secretarial Management Plan and associated documents were prepared by staff of the Southeast Regional Office, Southeast Fisheries Center, Headquarters Office of the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Office of General Counsel of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admittls..tration. Southeast Regional Office - Paul J. Leach, William N. Lindall, William R. Turner, Donald W. Geagan, Michael E. Justen, Rodney C. Dalton, Paul w. Raymond, Jeffrey J. Cunningham, and Richard C. Raulerson r Southeast Fisheries Center - Dr. Walter Nelson, Dr. Joseph Powers, Dr. Gerald Scott, Ramon Copser, Dr. Joan Browder, Dr. Andrew Kemmerer, Dr. Scott Nichols, John Poffenberger, and George Darcy NMFS Headquarters - Donald J. Leedy SERO General Counsel - Stephanie Kelley Grateful appreciation is extended to the host of secretaries who diligently worked on the plan, and to the many persons who offered comments for improving the management of this important fishery resource. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION • ••••••••••••••••• • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1-1 1.1 DEFINITIONS •..•.•...•....•.••.••..••••••••••••••••••...•••••...•• 1-2 2.0 SU}I}iARY ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 2-1 3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••3..:1 4.0 REGULATORY IMPACT REVIEW ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••4-1 5.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE STOCK( S) •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••5-1 5.1 Description and Distribution of Red Drum •••••••••••••••••••••••••5-1 5.1.1 Identity and Morphology••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 5-1 5.1.2 Larval Recruitment ......................... ~•...........5-2 5.1.3 Geographic and Seasonal Distribution.•••••...••••••••..••• 5-3 5.1.3.1 Range . ...........................................5-3 5.1.3.2 Larval Distribution..............................5-3 5.1.3.3 Juvenile and Subadult Distribution•..•••••••••.•• 5-4 • 5.1.3.4 Adult Distribution . ..............................5-4 5.1.4 Biological Description........................... .........5-5 5.1.4.1 Reproduction •••...••••••.••.•••••••..•.••.••....• 5-5 5.1.4.2 Age and Growth Patterns ••••••••••••••.••••• ••••••5-8 5.1.4.3 Length/Weight Relationships •••••••••••••••••••••5-21 5.1.4.4 Mortality Rates •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••5-25 5.2 Ecological Relationships - Red Drum •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••5-30 5.3 Maximum Sustainable Yield·••••••••••·•·•••·•·•••••••••••·•••••··5-34 5.3.1 Methods to Estimate MSY ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••5-34 5.3.2 Parameter Estimates for MSY Calculation••••••••••••••••••5-35 5.3.2.1 Growth ...............•.••.•..•.•..••....•..••...5-35 5.3.2.2 Present Inshore Loss Rate ••..•.••••••..•••••••••5-42 5.3.2.3 Migration Rates ..•••.••••..•••..•••...•••••• ~••·5-42 5.3.2.4 Offshore Natural Mortality••••••••••••• • ••••• 5-42 s.3.2.5 Inshore Natural Mortality•••••••••••••• ... • ••••• 5-43 5.3.3 Computational Methods ••••••••••••••••••• ........... ......5-43 5.3.4 MSY Estimates .. ............•.......•..•..................5-43 5.4 Abundance and Present Condition•••••••••••••••••••••••••••··••••5-47 5.4.1 Juveniles . ......................................•........5-47 5.4.2 Adults .................................. .................5-47 5.5 Probable Future Conditions ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••5-47 5.5.1 Offshore Production.••••.•.••••••.•••••••••...•••••••.•••5-48 5.5.2 Offshore Acceptable Biological Catch •••• . ........5-49 -- 5.6 Artificial Propagation and Stocking •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••5-50 6.0 DESCRIPTION OF HABITAT OF THE STOCK(S) ••• • • • • • • • • • · • • . • • • ...........6-1 6.1 Condition of the Habitat .••.••••.•..••••...••••••••...•••.•..•.••6-1 6.2 Habitat Areas of Particular Concern •••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••6-1 6.3 Habitat Protection Programs••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••6-2 7.0 FISHERY MANAGEMENT JURISDICTION, LAWS, AND POLICIES ••••••••••••••••••• 7-1 7.1 Management Institutions ............••.•.•••....•........••.......•7-1 7. 1.1 Federal Management Institutions •••••••••••••••••••••••••••7-1 7 .1.2 State Management Institutions •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••7-2 7.2 International Treaties and Agreements ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••7-4 7.3 Federal Laws, Policies and Regulations •••••••••••••••••••••••••••7-5 7.3.1 Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act ••.••••.••7-5 7.3.2 Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act •••••••••••7-5 7.3.3 Clean Water Act •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••7-5 7.3.4 Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act (Ocean Dumping) ...•............... • ....... ••.••. .......7-6 7.3.5 Oil Pollution Act •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••7-6 7.3.6 Coastal Zone Management Act ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7-6 7.3.7 Endangered Species Act •.•••.•••••••.•..•••••.•••••••••.• J.7-6 7.3.8 National Environmental Policy Act •••••• .........7-6 7.3.9 Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act ••••••••••••••••••••••••7-6 7.3.10 Fish Restoration and Management Projects Act •••••••••.•..• 7-7 7.3.11 National Park Service ••••••••••••••••••• •••·••••• •••••••••7-7 7.3.12 Lacey Act Amendment ••••••••••••••.•..••••••••••••••••..•••7-7 7.3.13 Marine Mammal Protection Act ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••7-7 7.4 State Laws, Regulations, and Policies •••.•••••••••••...•.•••...•• 7-7 State of Texas. ......... 7-9 ~- State of Louisiana •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••• ~~ •• 7-9 State of Mississippi ............................................. 7-10 State of Alabama .................................................7-10 State of Florida·•••••••••·••·•·••••••••••··•·••••·••••••••••••••7-11 8.0 DESCRIPTION OF FISHING ACTIVITIES AFFECTING THE STOCK •••••..••.•••••••8-1 8.1 History of Exploitation••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••8-1 8.2 Domestic Commercial and Recreational Fishing Activities •••••.••••8-1 8.2.1 Participating User Groups ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••·••·8-1 8.2.2 Landings/Catch Information••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••8-1 8.2.2.1 Commercial Landings/Catch••••••••••••••••••••••••8-1 8.2.2.2 Recreational Catcb •••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••.•8-6 8.2.2.3 Commercial Landings of Incidental Species ••••••.•8-6 8.2.3 Fishing and Landing Areas ••••••••••••••••••••••• •.• •••••••8-11 8.2.3.1 Commercial Fishery••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••8-11 8.2.3.2 Recreational Fishery••••••••••••••••••••••••. • •• 8-19 8.2.4 Vessels and Gear ..............•..........................8-25 8.2.4.1 Commercial Fishery ..............................8-25 8.2.4.2 Recreational Fishery••••••••••••••••••••••••••••8-33 8. 2. 5 Employment ......................................•........8-36 8.2.5.1 Employment Associated with the Commercial Harvest ................•........................8-36 8.2.5.2 Employment Associated with the Recreational Harvest . ........................................8-36 8.2.6 Conflicts Among Domestic Fishermen•••••••••••••••••••••••8-40 8.2.7 Assessment of Domestic Annual Harvesting Capacity••••••••8-40 8.2.8 Domestic Annual Processing Capacity••••••••••••••••••••••8-40 8.3 Foreign Fishing ActivitY·•••••••••·•••••••••••···••••••••·••·•••8-40 8.4 Illegal Fishing Activity ..........................................8-41 9.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FISHERY •••••••••••• 9-1 9.1 Domestic Harvesting Sector ••••••••••• ~ ••••••••••••••.•••••••..•.• 9-1 9.1.1 Commercial Fishing•••.••.••••.••••..•••••...•.•.•.•••...••9-1 9.1.1.1 Ex-Vessel Value of Landings •••••••••.••••••••••••9-1 9.1.1.2 Price and Demand Characteristics •••••••••••••••••9-1 9.1.1.3 Economic Characteristics of Fishing Craft ••••••••9-5 9.1.1.4 Fleet Organization.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••9-6 9.1.2 Recreational Fishing ......................................9-7 9.1.2.1 Value of Landing•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••9-7 9.1.2.2 Expenditures on Recreational Catch •••••••••••••••9-8 9.2 Domestic Processing Sector •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••9-9 9.3 International Trade •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••9-10 10.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS, MARKETS, AND ORGANIZATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE FISHERY ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••10-l 10.1 Relationships Among Harvesting, Brokering, and Processing Sectors ............•.•.........••.......••.•.....10-l 10.1.1 Industry Structure ••••••••.••••••••.••••••.•••.••••••••••10-l 10.1.2 Market Structure •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••.•••10-2 10.2 Fishery Cooperatives and Associations •••••••••••••••••••••••••••10-3 10.3 Labor Organizations ••......••.••...•.•••••••...•••••...•••••...• 10-4 10.4 Foreign Investment ....•.... ~ ..•...•..••.......•........••..•.•..10-4 11.0 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FRAMEWORK OF THE FISHERY •••••••••••••••••••••••••11-1 11.1 Commercial Fishery••.•.•.••••.••••.•.•.••...••.•••..•..•..••....11-1 11.2 Recreational Fishery•..••.••••.•...•.••.••..•••••••••.•••.••..••11-2 12 . 0 MANAGEMENT PROGR.AM . ..•.•.•.•....•••..•...••••...•..•.•••....•••.•..•.12-1 12.1 Definition of the Fishery•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••12-1 12.2 :t-fanagement Unit•••••••••••••••·••••••••••••••••••••••••· ••••.•.•12-1 12.3 Problems in the Fishery•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••l2-1 12.3.1
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