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Brno University of Technology Vysoké Učení Technické V Brně BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY VYSOKÉ UČENÍ TECHNICKÉ V BRNĚ FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMMUNICATION FAKULTA ELEKTROTECHNIKY A KOMUNIKAČNÍCH TECHNOLOGIÍ DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES ÚSTAV JAZYKŮ THE USE OF ROBOTIC ROVERS TO EXPLORE MARS VYUŽITÍ ROBOTICKÝCH ROVERU K PRŮZKUMU MARS BACHELOR'S THESIS BAKALÁŘSKÁ PRÁCE AUTHOR Štěpán Pekař AUTOR PRÁCE SUPERVISOR M. A. Kenneth Froehling VEDOUCÍ PRÁCE BRNO 2017 Bakalářská práce bakalářský studijní obor Angličtina v elektrotechnice a informatice Ústav jazyků Student: Štěpán Pekař ID: 161793 Ročník: 3 Akademický rok: 2016/17 NÁZEV TÉMATU: Využití robotických Roveru k průzkumu Mars POKYNY PRO VYPRACOVÁNÍ: Mars, často označován jako "Rudá Planeta", je čtvrtou planetou vzdálenou od Slunce a je považován za planetu, která byla s největší pravděpodobností dříve obyvatelnou nebo s potenciálem pro budoucí osídlení Země. NASA vyslala několik robotických misí Rover s cílem potvrdit tyto domněnky. Cílem bakalářské práce je prostudovat literaturu o těchto misích a technologii Mars Roveru. Důraz by měl být především na zeměměřickou robotickou technologii, která učinila Rover přínosným a komunikační technologii použitou za účelem přenosu signálů zpátky na zem. Bakalářská práce přirozeně rozvede toto téma do větších detailů. DOPORUČENÁ LITERATURA: http://mars.nasa.gov/msl/mission/science/researchpapers/ http://mars.nasa.gov/msl/ http://www.marsjournal.org/ http://www.sciencemag.org/search/marsrover Termín zadání: 6.2.2017 Termín odevzdání: 2.6.2017 Vedoucí práce: M. A. Kenneth Froehling Konzultant: doc. PhDr. Milena Krhutová, Ph.D. předseda oborové rady UPOZORNĚNÍ: Autor bakalářské práce nesmí při vytváření bakalářské práce porušit autorská práva třetích osob, zejména nesmí zasahovat nedovoleným způsobem do cizích autorských práv osobnostních a musí si být plně vědom následků porušení ustanovení § 11 a následujících autorského zákona č. 121/2000 Sb., včetně možných trestněprávních důsledků vyplývajících z ustanovení části druhé, hlavy VI. díl 4 Trestního zákoníku č.40/2009 Sb. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, Vysoké učení technické v Brně / Technická 3058/10 / 616 00 / Brno ABSTRAKT Tato bakalářská práce se zaměřuje na tři vesmírné mise, a to Mars Pathfinder, Mars Exploration Rover a Mars Science Laboratory. Hlavní součástí těchto tří misí jsou čtyři rovery (Sojourner, Spirit, Opportunity a Curiosity), které byly odeslány na povrch Rudé planety. Práce se věnuje především vědeckému vybavení jednotlivých roverů, použitým technologiím a nejdůležitějším vědeckým poznatkům získaných za dobu působení roverů na Marsu. ABSTRACT This Bachelor´s thesis focuses on three space missions: Mars Pathfinder, Mars Exploration Rover, and Mars Science Laboratory. The main part of these three missions are four rovers (Sojourner, Spirit, Opportunity, and Curiosity) that have been sent to the surface of the Red Planet. The thesis is focused especially on the scientific tools of the individual rovers, the technology used and on the most important scientific knowledge gained during the missions on Mars. KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA rover, Mars, NASA, průzkum vesmíru, Sojourner, Spirit, Opportunity, Curiosity KEY WORDS rover, Mars, NASA, space exploration, Sojourner, Spirit, Opportunity, Curiosity 1 PEKAŘ, Š. (2017). Využití robotických Roveru k průzkumu Mars. (Bakalářská práce) Brno: Vysoké učení technické v Brně, Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, Ústav Jazyků. s. 1-50. Vedoucí bakalářské práce M. A. Kenneth Froehling. 2 PROHLÁŠENÍ Prohlašuji, že svoji bakalářskou práci na téma Využití robotických Roveru k průzkumu Marsu jsem vypracoval samostatně pod vedením vedoucího bakalářské práce a s použitím odborné literatury a dalších informačních zdrojů, které jsou všechny citovány v práci a uvedeny v seznamu literatury na konci práce. Jako autor uvedené bakalářské práce dále prohlašuji, že v souvislosti s vytvořením této bakalářské práce jsem neporušil autorská práva třetích osob, zejména jsem nezasáhl nedovoleným způsobem do cizích autorských práv osobnostních a/nebo majetkových a jsem si plně vědom následků porušení ustanovení § 11 a následujících zákona č. 121/2000 Sb., o právu autorském, o právech souvisejících s právem autorským a o změně některých zákonů (autorský zákon), ve znění pozdějších předpisů, včetně možných trestněprávních důsledků vyplývajících z ustanovení části druhé, hlavy VI. díl 4 Trestního zákoníku č. 40/2009 Sb. V Brně dne ………………… ……………………………. (podpis autora) 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 5 1 MISSION PATHFINDER ........................................................................................... 6 1.1 Sojourner .......................................................................................................................... 6 1.1.1 Motion .................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1.2 Navigation .............................................................................................................................. 8 1.1.3 Power ..................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1.4 Scientific instruments ............................................................................................................. 9 1.1.5 Telecommunication ................................................................................................................ 9 1.1.6 Electronics and CPU ............................................................................................................. 10 1.2 Mission ............................................................................................................................ 11 1.3 Main scientific results .................................................................................................... 13 2 MARS EXPLORATION ROVER (MER) .............................................................. 14 2.1 Spirit and Opportunity .................................................................................................. 14 2.1.1 Detailed features ................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.2 Scientific instruments ........................................................................................................... 15 2.1.3 Telecommunication .............................................................................................................. 17 2.2 Mission ............................................................................................................................ 19 2.2.1 Spirit..................................................................................................................................... 19 2.2.2 Opportunity .......................................................................................................................... 20 2.3 Main scientific results .................................................................................................... 21 3 MARS SCIENCE LABORATORY (MSL) ............................................................. 24 3.1 Curiosity .......................................................................................................................... 24 3.1.1 Power ................................................................................................................................... 25 3.1.2 Telecommunication .............................................................................................................. 26 3.1.3 Scientific instruments ........................................................................................................... 26 3.2 Mission ............................................................................................................................ 30 3.2.1 Entry, Descent, and Landing ................................................................................................. 30 3.2.2 Mission ................................................................................................................................ 32 3.3 Main scientific results .................................................................................................... 34 4 FUTURE ROVERS ................................................................................................. 37 4.1 ExoMars Program ......................................................................................................... 37 4.2 Mars 2020 Rover ........................................................................................................... 38 CONCLUISION ........................................................................................................... 41 LIST OF REFERENCES ............................................................................................ 43 LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................... 48 LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... 50 4 INTRODUCTION Exploration of Mars has always been one of the very popular topics among scientists as well as the general public. There has always been a presumption that some form of life was, or still is, on the surface of Mars. Consequently, a great number of orbiters, landers, and other
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