Bodies and Voices Ross Readings in the Post / Colonial C Ultures Literatures in English 94
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Bodies and Voices ross Readings in the Post / Colonial C ultures Literatures in English 94 Series Editors Gordon Collier Hena Maes–Jelinek Geoffrey Davis (Giessen) (Liège) (Aachen) Bodies and Voices The Force-Field of Representation and Discourse in Colonial and Postcolonial Studies Edited by Merete Falck Borch, Eva Rask Knudsen, Martin Leer and Bruce Clunies Ross Amsterdam - New York, NY 2008 Cover design: Gordon Collier and Pier Post Cover painting: Albert Eckhout, “Tapuya War Dance” (c.1641–43), oil on canvas Ethnographic Department, ©Nationalmuseet, Copenhagen, inv. no. N.38B. (wall painting for Vrijburg, the palace of Johan Maurits outside Recife, Brazil.) The paper on which this book is printed meets the requirements of “ISO 9706:1994, Information and documentation - Paper for documents - Requirements for permanence”. ISBN: 978-90-420-2334-5 ©Editions Rodopi B.V., Amsterdam – New York, NY 2008 Printed in The Netherlands Table of Contents P REFACE: R EMEMBERING A NNA R UTHERFORD xi I NTRODUCTION: B ODIES AND V OICES T HE F ORCE-FIELD OF R EPRESENTATION AND D ISCOURSE xvii AFRICA Martyred Bodies and Silenced Voices in South African Literature Under Apartheid A NDRÉ V IOLA 3 Postcolonial Disgrace: (White) Women and (White) Guilt in the “New” South Africa G EORGINA H ORRELL 17 Identity: Bodies and Voices in Coetzee’s Disgrace and Bouraoui’s Garçon manqué B ENAOUDA L EBDAI 33 From “Cutting Without Ritual” to “Ritual Without Cutting”: Voicing and Remembering the Excised Body in African Texts and Contexts C HANTAL Z ABUS 45 A Woman’s Body on Fire: Yvonne Vera’s Butterfly Burning M AYA G. V INUESA 69 Ritual Theatre: Bodies and Voices R OSA F IGUEIREDO 81 The Clothing Metaphor as a Signifier of Alienation in the Fiction of Karen King–Aribisala E LEONORA C HIAVETTA 93 Representations of Africa and Black Africans in the Poetry of Noel Brettell G REGORY H ACKSLEY 103 ASIA Of a ‘Voice’ and ‘Bodies’: A Postcolonial Critique of Meena Alexander’s Nampally Road A PARAJITA N ANDA 119 Can Women Speak? Can the Female Body Talk? Speech and Anatomical Discourse in Githa Hariharan’s When Dreams Travel M ARIA S OFIA P IMENTEL B ISCAIA 127 Unpacking Imperial Crates of Subalternity: The Indian Immigrant Labourer of Colonial Malaya S HANTHINI P ILLAI 137 Tinggayun: Implications of Dance and Song in Bajau Society S AIDATUL N ORNIS H AJI M AHALI 153 “Keeping Body and Soul Together”: Rukhsana Ahmad’s Critical Examinations of Female Body Politics in Pakistan and Britain C HRISTIANE S CHLOTE 163 Arthur Waley’s The Way and Its Power: Representation of ‘the Other’ H SIU- CHEN J ANE C HANG 175 THE SETTLER COLONIES Bodies and Voices in Michael Ondaatje’s The English Patient and Anil’s Ghost C ARLA C OMELLINI 187 Blurring Bodies/Blurring Borders: David Cronenberg Strikes Back M ARTA D VORAK 197 “Never Forget that the Kanakas Are Men”: Fictional Representations of the Enslaved Black Body C AROLE F ERRIER 205 Metamorphic Bodies and Mongrel Subjectivities in Mudrooroo’s The Undying A NNALISA O BOE 225 Voicing the Body: The Cancer Poems of Philip Hodgins W ERNER S ENN 237 A Voice of One’s Own: Language as Central Element of Resistance, Reintegration and Reconstruction of Identity in the Fiction of Patricia Grace U LLA R ATHEISER 251 Suffering and Survival: Body and Voice in Recent Maori Writing J ANET W ILSON 267 THE CARIBBEAN Postcolonial Education and Afro-Trinidadian Social Exclusion D ERREN J OSEPH 285 Voice as a Carnivalesque Strategy in West Indian Literature: Sam Selvon’s The Lonely Londoners and Moses Ascending G ISELLE R AMPAUL 309 The Representation of Oppressed (Corpo)realities: Cripples, Dwarfs and Blind Men in the Plays of Edgar Nkosi White N ÚRIA C ASADO G UAL 321 BRITAIN AND EIRE Between Aphasia and Articulateness – Alien-Nation and Belonging: National/Ethnic Identities in Selected Black British Novels S USANNE P ICHLER 333 (Re)membering the Disembodied Verse: Constructs of Identity in Contemporary Irish Women’s Poetry C ARMEN Z AMORANO L LENA 349 “Scotland, Whit Like?” Coloured Voices in Historical Territories C ARLA R ODRÍGUEZ G ONZÁLEZ 363 OTHER PERSPECTIVES The Smeared Metaphor: Viscosity and Fluidity in Bataille’s Story of the Eye J OSÉ M ARÍA DE LA T ORRE 381 Confrontational and Sociometric Approaches to Reform Strategy in German and Nigerian Prisons: Convergences and Divergences E MMAN F RANK I DOKO 389 Can the Postcolonial Critic Speak – And If So, Who Is Listening? M ARC C OLAVINCENZO 405 The Quest for Identity as a Pattern of Postcolonial Voices J ESÚS V ARELA–ZAPATA 413 N OTES ON C ONTRIBUTORS AND E DITORS 433 I NDEX 441 IN MEMORIAM ANNA RUTHERFORD PRIMUM MOBILE b. 27 November 1932, Mayfield, New South Wales d. 21 February 2001, Newcastle, New South Wales Preface Remembering Anna Rutherford FIRST HEARD ABOUT ANNA RUTHERFORD in the fabulous summer of 1968, just before I went to Copenhagen to take up a posi- I tion as Engelsk lektor at the university there. Anna was already in Denmark, having been appointed in 1966 to a position at the University of Aarhus by Professor Grethe Hjorth. That name, anglicized to Greta Hort, was dimly familiar. In another life, I had heard it on the lips of senior acquain- tances who circulated in Melbourne’s Bohemia in the age of Angry Penguins. Only much later did I discover that in the decade (1937–47) when she was Principal of Melbourne Women’s College, Greta Hort was one of the city’s leading intellectuals, accomplished in philosophy and biblical studies as well as literature. After a career which had taken her from Copenhagen to Cam- bridge, Melbourne and Prague, she had returned in 1957 to her homeland to take the chair of English at the University of Aarhus, where, along with culti- vating her wide-ranging interests, she pioneered the study of Commonwealth and, particularly, Australian literature. Her appointment of Anna Rutherford to a lektorat in Commonwealth lite- rature was a fortunate and far-sighted decision. Following Grethe Hjorth’s un- expected death in 1967, the task of developing the subject was bequeathed to Anna (as she put it in her contribution to A Shaping of Connections1). She was, as Grethe Hjorth probably foresaw, exactly the right person at the right moment, when what was needed to advance the subject beyond the pioneering stage was someone with Anna’s qualities; intellectual power, knock-down candour, and a generous feeling for literature, along with vision, superlative energy, and a confident belief in the project she was undertaking. At the time that was very rare, and I confess I did not share it until Anna showed me the 1 ”Why Aarhus?” in A Shaping of Connections: Commonwealth Literature Studies – Then and Now, ed. Hena Maes–Jelinek, Kirsten Holst Peterson & Anna Rutherford (Syd- ney & Mundelstrup: Dangaroo, 1989): 33. xii B ODIES AND V OICES ½¾ light; an unforgettable experience, as others who have seen the light through Anna’s ministrations can testify. In a career dedicated to developing the study of Commonwealth literature, she brought distinction to the English Institute at the University of Aarhus, and her presence there made it a leading centre for scholarship in the subject. It became a crossroads for writers and scholars from all corners of world, though informal meetings were more likely to take place in the signalman’s house beside the railroad where Anna lived with Kirsten Holst Petersen. Anna, a generous host, assumed that its address and telephone number, with an invitation to stay, was posted on neon signs visible to all passengers departing to European destinations from Australian airports. Even when equipped with that information, however, only the most intrepid travellers were likely to find their way to the house without a guide, unless they took the risk of jumping off a speeding train. It was in Aarhus that I eventually met Anna, when I went to the conference on Commonwealth Literature which she organized in 1971. Though she had put it together, with the help of friends and students, in a mere two or three months, she managed to bring to Aarhus a number of major Commonwealth writers, and most of the scholars who were beginning to investigate the complex development of writing in the English language in the world beyond Britain and America. They had come for no other reason than a love and en- thusiasm for what they were doing, and this spirit pervaded formal and infor- mal meetings, and even debates and disagreements. Among the participants I remember writers whose works were the subject of our discussions: Randolph Stow, Wilson Harris, Samuel Selvon, and Mordecai Richler, for example. Also present were the scholars who were pioneering the discipline, among them Hena Maes–Jelinek, whose scholarship on the work of Wilson Harris pointed the way to postcolonial studies, Gerald Moore, one of the first schol- ars of African literature, whom I remember for his learned interventions in a running controversy on the reputation of Karen Blixen, and Paul Edwards, whose recovery of the writings of Equiano and Sancho was revealing the sub- ject’s historical depth. The polyglot Welsh scholar Ned Thomas, one of the first to write about the poetry of Derek Walcott, surprised us with a paper on the Welsh writer Saunders Lewis which foreshadowed the linguistic, political and geographical complexities that only emerged much later, as postcolonial studies developed. At the centre of it all was Anna, supported by friends and students waiting to do her bidding. She ran a conference like a great jazz musician; not a flashy, attention-seeking soloist, but like one of those rare leaders who give the ensemble direction, shape it, and hold the whole improvisation together on the fine, outer edge of coherence.