Name ______Per. _____ Date ______

Bacteria, Virus, Protist, Fungi Exam Review

1. List the 8 levels of classification in order:

kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

2. Describe the characteristics of each kingdom: a. Protista: eukaryotic, cell walls of cellulose, uni/multicellular b. Fungi: eukaryotic, cell walls of chitin, uni/multicellular

c. Eubacteria/Archaea (Monera): prokaryotic, cell walls, unicellular

3. What makes bacteria prokaryotic?

lack a cell nucleus

4. What is a pathogen?

a. disease causing agent, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites

5. Describe how a bacterial infection is treated: antibiotics to kill the bacteria.

6. What are the differences between the following:

a. Archaebacteria: larger, ancient, inhabit hostile environments

b. Eubacteria: smaller, found everywhere, unicellular prokaryotes

7. Sketch and describe the three bacteria shapes. (Cocci, spirilla, and bacilli) round, rod, spiral

8. Sketch and describe the three arrangements of bacteria. pairs, clusters, chains

Name ______Per. _____ Date ______

What are methods of movement for bacteria?

flagella, cilia

9. Describe the three ways bacteria use energy. autotrophic or heterotrophic chemo … use chemicals photo … use light

10. Describe the importance of bacteria for the following:

a. Decomposers: eat dead organisms b. Nitrogen Fixers: fix nitrogen to plants can absorb the nutrients c. Human uses: foods, clean oil spills, antibiotics

11. Draw and describe Binary Fission: One cell splits into two cells, offspring are genetically identical to parent.

12. Draw and describe Conjugation: A form of sexual reproduction where bacteria exchange genetic information before dividing, offspring have new genes (and new traits).

13. Are viruses living? Why/Why not? NO. • Acellular, contain no organelles. • Cannot carry out metabolism without host cell. • Cannot reproduce without host cell. • Possess DNA or RNA but not both.

Name ______Per. _____ Date ______

14. Compare and Contrast Viruses and Cells:

Characteristic Virus Cell

Structure (Sketch & Describe)

Cellular division, fission, Reproduction (How) Host cell conjugation

Genetic Code DNA or RNA, not both DNA & RNA

Growth & Development N Y (Y/N)

Obtain & Use Energy Y Y (Y/N)

Respond to Environment Y Y (Y/N)

Change over Time Y Y (Y/N)

15. What is a retrovirus and what does it cause? a group of RNA viruses that insert a DNA copy of their genome into the

host cell in order to replicate, most notably the HIV virus that causes AIDS. 16. How does a virus attach to a cell? Do all viruses have the same attachment mechanism? Why or Why not?

virion protein(s) binding to specific host surface molecule(s) such as membrane proteins, lipids, or carbohydrates; very specific only one fits together. Name ______Per. _____ Date ______

17. Sketch/Describe the Lytic AND Lysogenic cycles. How are they different?

18. Compare and Contrast Protists and Fungi: Protists Fungi

cell walls of eukaryotic cell walls of cellulose chitin

cell walls sexual spo res

uni /multi cellular autotroph sessile

asexual flagella, cilia, pseupod i a decomposers

producers, heterotroph comsumers