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NIWA's Freshwater Fish Collection and Catalogue Data Recovery

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NIWA's Freshwater Fish Collection and Catalogue Data Recovery NIWA's Freshwater Fish Collection and Catalogue data recovery Prepared for TFBIS September 2012 Authors/Contributors : Nelson Boustead Graham Fenwick For any information regarding this report please contact: Graham Fenwick Principal Scientist Marine Biodiversity and Biosecurity +64-3-343 8051 [email protected] National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd 10 Kyle Street Riccarton Christchurch 8011 PO Box 8602, Riccarton Christchurch 8440 New Zealand Phone +64-3-348 8987 Fax +64-3-348 5548 NIWA Client Report No: CHC2012-116 Report date: September 2012 NIWA Project: DOC12505 2 NIWA's Freshwater Fish Collection and Catalogue Contents 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 5 2 Treatment of specific issues ...................................................................................... 7 2.1 Collecting locality ................................................................................................. 7 2.2 Collecting dates .................................................................................................... 7 2.3 Labels .................................................................................................................. 7 2.4 Preservatives ....................................................................................................... 7 2.5 The nature of lots in the collection ........................................................................ 7 2.6 Identifications ....................................................................................................... 8 2.7 Reliability of identifications ................................................................................. 10 2.8 Type specimens ................................................................................................. 11 2.9 Freshwater Fish Collection Catalogue records in the Freshwater Fish Database ............................................................................................................ 11 3 .Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 13 4 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................... 14 5 References ................................................................................................................. 14 Tables Table 2-1: Current valid scientific names, common names and other names variously assigned to some species of New Zealand freshwater fishes, as used in the Freshwater Fish Database. 9 Figures Figure 2-1: Collecting localities (red and blue dots) of freshwater fishes held in NIWA’s Freshwater Fish Collection and Catalogue, showing localities of those also recorded in the New Zealand Freshwater Fish Database (red dots). 12 Reviewed by Approved for release by Paul Sagar Jochen Schmidt 1 Introduction Conservation and management of New Zealand’s freshwater fish biodiversity requires data on the distribution of species, backed by accurate identifications and archived specimens that can be accessed in perpetuity. NIWA’s valuable freshwater fish collection, with some material dating from 1929, includes collections made by the late Dr RM McDowall, New Zealand’s foremost freshwater fish taxonomist and biogeographer. The collection was inadequately maintained and uncatalogued, yet comprised the largest set of distribution records backed by actual specimens. Their on-going availability is important for verifying historical identifications and distributions in a changing landscape, and as new molecular methods reveal increasing complexity within the Galaxias species (e.g., Waters & Craw 2008; Crow et al. 2009; Wallis et al. 2009). This report and catalogue describes NIWA’s Freshwater Fish Collection which comprises approximately 38,000 specimens representing 58 indigenous taxa. These numbers have been boosted by several collections of large numbers of whitebait (young galaxiids, captured entering freshwater). The collection comprises 1985 jars of fish collected from throughout New Zealand, including Chatham and Stewart islands. The earliest specimens were collected in 1929 and most recent in 2012. The collection was a valuable resource for the late Dr Robert McDowall and is now available for bona fide researchers, primarily for taxonomic and systematic investigations. The collection includes specimens obtained by or for Dr McDowall, as well as his predecessors and contemporaries (e.g., CS Woods, John Cranfield, Tony Eldon, Peter Todd, Keith Maynard). It also includes specimens from other institutions and workers, such as Donald Scott (University of Otago), the University of Canterbury, Richard Allibone, Department of Conservation, and members of the public. Several specimens (collected and retained only to confirm identifications) from Canterbury by the former Fisheries Research Division’s Water Abstraction Team during the late 1970s and 1980s are also held in the collection. The collection is considerable, occupying 17 square metres of shelf space. With the limited resources available for this project, work focussed on cataloguing all lots 1 under unique Freshwater Fish Collection Catalogue (FFCC) numbers; adding Freshwater Fish Collection labels with a unique catalogue (lot) number (plus a summary of other label information) printed on archival quality paper using standard museum methods were placed into each container (original and other labels within each container were retained with the lot); placing specimens in museum quality, leak-proof, glass containers ; and, where possible, data matching lots with records in NIWA’s Freshwater Fish Database (FFDB; http://www.niwa.co.nz/our-services/online- 1 Following standard museum terminology, a lot is a group of specimens from the same collection locality, collected on the same date by the same collector, usually kept within a single container. As the specimens are identified, they are still associated as a sample, but are broken into separate lots based on identifications (i.e., phylum, class, order, family, genus or species). services/freshwater-fish-database) and adding lot details (FFCC numbers) to that database. The catalogue includes all available relevant information for each lot: the freshwater fish collection lot number, the species identification, the identifier (where available), number of specimens, collection location, date and collector. In addition, any map references and information on any type specimens retained in the collection were recorded. 6 NIWA's Freshwater Fish Collection and Catalogue 2 Treatment of specific issues 2.1 Collecting locality Localities given on the original labels were reproduced in the catalogue. Many were imprecise and may only include the river or stream name. Such coarse geographic definition precludes assigning geographic co-ordinates and was considered inadequate for entry into the Freshwater Fish Database. Others lacked sufficient detail to be useful. For example, several jars were labelled as Totara Creek. Excluding North Island locations, there are three different Totara creeks in Otago and, while the label probably referred to Totara Creek at Poolburn, this is not stated. 2.2 Collecting dates In some cases, original labels recorded a range of dates over which the lot was collected. Where this was the case, the date of the most recent collecting day was recorded in the catalogue. No date or a partial date of collection only was recorded on the labels for some lots. Where the whole date or year was missing and not otherwise determinable, the lot was not catalogued, unless there was a compelling reason to do so. For example, a few lots comprising recently describedspecies of galaxiids lacked any date of collection, but were catalogued because of the scarcity of records and specimens of these species. Lots labelled with the month and year of collection were usually kept and catalogued, particularly for newly described species and lots collected several decades ago. 2.3 Labels All original labels within each lot were retained and placed in the new container with the specimens. In addition, new labels were generated from the database and laser-printed onto Resistal archival paper. Printed labels were then heat treated for at least 30 minutes after printing to set the ink into the paper. These new labels were supplementary to existing lot labels and were placed within the jar or other container holding each lot. An example label follows: NIWA Freshwater Fish Collection FFnum: FF0010 Species: Geotria australis Date: 5/05/1978 Location: Kakanui River 2.4 Preservatives In almost all cases the preservative was not specified on the label. A very few jars were labelled with “formalin” and that was retained. Advice from collectors indicated that most of the collection is in 70% ethanol. Some lots had been initially preserved in formalin and then transferred to alcohol. Where necessary, jars were topped up with 70% ethanol. 2.5 The nature of lots in the collection The number of fish specimens in each lot was recorded in the database. These numbers were actual counts for lots comprising up to five specimens. Numbers in lots comprising more than five specimens were estimated, so should be treated as such. NIWA's Freshwater Fish Collection and Catalogue 7 Almost all lots are now in glass containers. Larger jars have white polypropylene lids with liners. Some smaller containers were glass vials with push in plastic seals or universal
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