2013 978-3-200-03394-8

figures.data.indicators 2013 figures.data.indicators

www.statistik.at www.bmi.gv.at www.integration.eu www.integrationsfonds.at www.oeaw.ac.at/kmi www.gfk.at figures.data.indicators 2013

Compiled by

Statistik Austria Kommission für Migrations- und Integrationsforschung der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften

Vienna 2013

This project is being co-financed by the European Integration Fund and the Austrian Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI). Foreword

Austria is a country with a widely diverse The statistical yearbook makes a significant contribution towards The integration of migrants in Austria is a Representing integration processes through cultural and historic heritage. This diversity making this debate on integration more objective and is an inte- central requirement for the successful fu- statistics is a major challenge. Following is also reflected within our society. In order gral component of the Integration Report 2013. The information ture of Austria. In order that integration can up the work undertaken by Statistik Austria to make the positive effects and challenges provided here is not just relevant to the general discussion on succeed, the commitment of the migrants in preparing the statistical yearbooks on of this diversity visible and apparent, the integration policies, but is also important to the day-to-day as well as objective information from the “migration & integration”, the Austrian annual statistical yearbook on migration activities of the State Secretariat for Integration. receiving society about the opportunities and National Action Plan “Integration” defined and integration is published. Integration represents both an opportunity and a challenge. If we challenges of migration and integration are a frame of 25 statistical indicators. Us- Even after more than two years since the further develop a fact-based, positive outlook with regard to in- required. ing readily available information, Statistics establishment of the Austrian State Secretariat for Integration, tegration, then this will mean that we will be able to unlock the The “migration & integration” statistical yearbook makes a valuable Austria has brought indicators to life. To this end, it was neces- the topic of integration is still sometimes treated in a very one potential of everyone – with and without a migration background contribution to the fact-oriented discussion on migration and integra- sary to combine and concentrate available data on one particular sided way. But the reality of life shows just how complex the is- – to the benefit of Austria as a whole. A migration and integration tion. Integration indicators with a scientific basis illustrate develop- population group, namely on immigrants and their descendants sue of integration actually is. In order to contribute to a multilevel, policy managed according to the needs of Austria requires a ments in the integration sector and can provide information on the in Austria. Owing to the use of various sources as well as the dispassionate debate, we need to put emotional disputes to one well-grounded monitoring system, which exists in an updated success of integration measures. enrichment of existing data, it has been possible to generate sig- side and concentrate on the facts, so that we can make an honest form here in the statistical yearbook. Therefore, the statistical yearbook also forms an important basis for nificant information covering all statistical fields. Statistics Austria appraisal of the challenges represented by integration policies. the work of the Austrian Integration Fund and enables us to develop once again met this challenge and has now produced, for the target-oriented service and support programmes for migrants, and fourth time in this form, an integration indicator report. It aims at professionally support their integration process from the very begin- presenting to the interested public objective information on a con- ning. Because: Only if we consciously perceive and promote the po- temporary issue, while at the same time supporting politics and tential of migrants can we write a success story for Austria together. public administration in taking fact-based decisions.

Sebastian Kurz State Secretary for Integration

Franz Wolf-Maier Dr. Konrad Pesendorfer Director of the Austrian Integration Fund General Director of Statistics STATISTICS AUSTRIA Contents

Integration in outline 06

Population 20 Immigration and emigration 32 Language and education 40 Work and employment 50 Health and social issues 62 Security 70 Housing and regional distribution 74 Identification 80 Subjective views of integration 86 The Austrian federal states in overview 100

Glossary 112 Imprint 119 Integration in outline

6 Demographic parameters

As part of the National Action Plan for Integration, specific inte- followed by nationals from Romania and Hungary (almost 13,400 Iran (761), Algeria (575), Iraq (491), Somalia (481), India (401), and 35.1 years of age. However, within the population with foreign gration indicators have been defined in order to make it possible and 13,100), Poland (7,100) and Slovakia (almost 6,000). About Nigeria (400). In comparison with other EU countries, Austria was origin, the age structure was extremely heterogeneous. People to evaluate the various dimensions of the integration process 48,400 immigrants in 2012 (35% of all immigrants to Austria) came in sixth place with regard to the absolute numbers of asylum appli- from the EU tended to be older than the overall population, while within Austria and to monitor this process over the long term. from third countries. Of those some 15,500 immigrants came from cations received in 2012. However, per capita, Austria was in fourth immigrants from third countries were considerably younger. With the help of the 25 specified integration indicators ( 1 – 25 ) former Yugoslavia, while the number of immigrants from Turkey at place (after Malta, Luxembourg, Sweden and Belgium). – in particular, the five core indicators (see page 15) – and tak- 4,100 people was rather small. About 28,900 people migrated from Birth rate ing into account demographic parameters and subjective views, other third countries. the current status of immigration and integration in Austria in Increase in the size of the immigrant population • In 2012, there were 78,952 children born, while 79,436 people 2012/2013 and the main changes that have occurred here since • The positive migration balance of around +43,800 people in 2012 died. The natural population change (the difference between live the previous year can be summarised as follows: exceeded that of 2011 by 42.6%. The biggest contribution to this • At the beginning of 2013, there were 1,004 million foreign citizens births and deaths) was thus slightly negative at -484 cases. There came from Hungary with a positive balance of +6,600, followed by resident in Austria (11.9% of the population), an increase of about were, however, considerable differences with regard to the birth Germany (+6,200), Romania (+5,400), Poland (+3,400) and Slova- 52,800 people compared to the beginning of 2012. This increase rates among national groups in Austria. The non-Austrian population kia (+2,400). The migration balance was also positive in the case of is the result of of 51,200 for foreign citizens and a birth surplus of recorded a birth surplus of 9,924 people, while the Austrian popu- Immigration increases citizens of former Yugoslavia (almost +5,000) and other third coun- 9,900 (over deaths) – despite a slightly increased number of natu- lation displayed a death surplus of 10,408 people. 8 tries (+13,600) as well as Turkey, albeit with a low migration gain ralisations (7,043 cases). In 2012 in Austria, there were some 1,579 9 • In 2012, more than 140,400 people immigrated to Austria while of just +900. The significance of the countries having acceded to million people living with a migration background (18.9% of the pop- • Women living in Austria on average gave birth to 1.44 children in nearly 96,600 people left the country. This resulted in a migration the EU in 2004 and 2007 – particularly Hungary, Poland, Slovakia ulation). They were made up of about 1,167 million people having 2012 (2011: 1.43). Austrian women had an average of 1.34 chil- balance of around 43,800 people. In comparison with 2011, the and Romania – as countries of origin for net migration to Austria is been born abroad forming the “first migration generation”, while dren, while women of foreign origin had an average of 1.82 children percentage of people leaving Austria rose by 2.8% while the per- still high, as well as that of other third countries. However, the pos- the remaining 412,200 individuals were born in Austria as the chil- (women from Turkey: 2.08 children, women from former Yugoslavia: centage of immigrants entering Austria increased by 12.6%. This itive migration balance of Austria with Germany declined slightly. dren of foreign-born and belonged to the “second generation” of 1.94 children). Foreign-born women with Austrian citizenship drew meant that migration gains (due to the low reference value) also Net migration losses again acurred, as in previous years, for Aus- immigrants). closer to the average fertility rate and had 1.45 children, considerably grew by 42.6%. This augmentation can be attributed to the rel- trian citizens. In 2012, almost 22,200 Austrian citizens emigrated fewer than women retaining foreign citizenship (1.95). The average atively positive economic situation in Austria and the associated abroad but only 14,800 returned to Austria. • If disaggregated by citizenship, Germans form by far the largest age of mothers at birth to their first child was 29.1 years in 2012 rise in demand for labour, a higher number of students at Austria’s group of migrants. On 1 January 2013, about 157,800 German for native Austrians and 27.2 years for women of foreign origin. institutes of higher education, an increase in the number of asylum • The number of incoming asylum seekers also increased. While nationals lived in Austria, followed by nationals of Turkey (113,700), Women from Turkey were the youngest at giving birth to their first seekers and the ever stronger integration of Austria in a common in 2011 around 14,400 asylum applications were submitted, this Serbia (111,300), Bosnia and Herzegovina (89,900), Croatia (58,600) child (25.3 years) while women from the EU and EEA were the old- European migration area. increased to around 17,400 in 2012. In comparison to 2011, the and Romania (53,300), if ranked by size. The largest migrant group est (28.9 years). proportion of proceedings in favour of asylum seekers also in- of non-European origin were citizens of Afghanistan with about • Of almost 140,400 people moving to Austria from other coun- creased from 21% to 23%. Most asylum seekers originated from 12,400 nationals, followed by around 10,200 Chinese. tries, 14,800 were returning Austrian citizens while another almost Afghanistan (4,005), the Russian Federation (particularly Chechnya: 77,200 were citizens of other EU member states. With almost 3,091), Pakistan (1,823) and Syria (915). Larger numbers of asylum • The average age of citizens born and living in Austria on 1 January 17,800 immigrants, the largest group again came from Germany, applications were also received from individuals originating from 2013 was 42.0 years, while the average age of foreigners was only Fields of action and integration indicators

Education and language schools of general education (Neue Mittelschulen). Special needs (35%). For second-generation immigrants, the educational level 7• Individuals with a migration background less frequently have a paid People with a migration background living in Austria have a signifi- schools (Sonderschulen) continue to be attended by the largest comes closer to that of the native population, which is reflected occupation. The employment rate among people with a migration cantly different educational profile in comparison with those with no proportion of immigrant children (18.4%). The proportion of chil- in a lower proportion of people who only finished their mandatory background aged between 15 and 64 years was 66% in 2012, such background. Immigrants are thus overproportionally represent- dren whose day-to-day language is not German is increasing at all schooling (21% versus 30% in the first generation) and a strikingly while for those of the same age without a migration background, ed in both the highest and lowest education levels, while the native types of schools, particularly at those concerned with vocational higher proportion of graduates from vocational and professional it stood at 74%. This difference is mainly the effect of low employ- Austrian population most commonly holds an intermediate level of education (vocational educational schools (BMS) and vocational colleges (50% versus 34%). ment rate among female immigrants (59% in comparison to 70% vocational and academic qualifications. This difference has remained educational colleges (BHS)). of women without a migration background). Employment rates relatively constant over time, although there has been a significant •6 Action is required in the case of young people who do not have for women originating from other EU countries (67%) and former increase in the level of education of both the native Austrian and the •4 The number of foreign students attending university in Austria and any educational qualifications whatsoever. Some 13% (2008: Yugoslavia (60%) only differ moderately, while the difference for immigrant population. In the case of the immigrant population, this thus also the proportion that these represent in the student body 15%) of school children whose day-to-day language is not German Turkish women is considerable (43%). improvement was mainly the result of to the arrival of highly qualified as a whole have increased. In winter term 1991/92, some 20,000 in 2010/2011 did not continue in education (at least, not in Austria) people from other EU countries. foreign students were matriculated at Austrian universities; this after completing the 8th grade at a lower level secondary school 8• Occupied people without a migration background in 2012 worked number had grown to 64,000 by winter term 2011/12. 72% of (Hauptschule). In contrast, only 4% of their German-speaking mainly in white collar and public service posts (together 62%), 1• Education starts at kindergarten. Although non-Austrian children the foreign students come from EU and EEA countries, the larg- schoolmates left school before completing 9th grade and thus only 23% were in blue collar occupations. People with a migration 10 of preschool age are less likely to attend a nursery school, kinder- est proportion being from Germany (24,300 students). For some failed to graduate. background predominantly had blue collar occupations (45%), in 11 garten or similar childcare facility than native Austrian children, students, the programme of study was itself the reason for their particular immigrants from former Yugoslavia (excluding Slovenia) this situation was actually reversed when it came to children of move to Austria; others were already resident in Austria before and Turkey (63% each). The occupational status of the second mi- compulsory school age. However, the differences are minor – on- attending university. An equally large group of students (7,400 in- “Gainful employment” and unemployment grant generation of immigrants is similar to that of the population ly in the case of three-year-olds is the difference more prominent. dividuals) are of Italian nationality and originate mainly from South Besides the education system, paid employment is usually seen as without a migration background. For example, blue collar workers In 2011, the proportion of 2-year-old Austrian children in childcare Tyrol. Students with citizenship of one of the successor states of impetus for integration. It enables contact and interaction, but also among first generation immigrants make up 47%, but only 30% was 44%; for foreign children of the same age, this was 40%. former Yugoslavia (excluding Slovenia) tend to be less common structures every-day-life. Due to ever more rapid changes in economic in the second generation. People with a migration background in with a proportion of about 10% of all foreign students. This is also structures and also driven by cyclical variations, the integrative effect 2012 were also slightly more frequently self-employed (exclud- •2 The language skills monitoring survey conducted in 2008 showed the case for students with Turkish citizenship (5%). of gainful employment is less effective for a part of the native and for- ing agriculture) than the Austrian population (9.4% versus 9.0%). that 90% of German-speaking children in the age range 4 1/2– eign population. Levels of unemployment are rising, particularly among 5 1/2 years attending a nursery school had language skills consist- •5 In 2012, some 30% of people aged 25 - 64 years without migra- people with lower formal qualifications, and there are fewer people 9• With an overall unemployment rate (national definition) of 7% in ent with their age, while 58% of children in the same age range tion background had a university entrance qualification (Matura) in paid occupations, which is a sign of adecreasing capacity of the la- 2012 (+0.3 percentage points in comparison to 2011), the unem- whose first language was not German required remedial help. or academic qualification; among those in the same age group bour market. It must be emphasized, however, that there is less effect ployment rate of foreigners was considerably higher (with 9.7%) with a migration background, however, the corresponding figure for well-qualified immigrants from EU countries who have settled in than that of Austrians (6.5%). Unemployment among Turkish and •3 Immigrant children relatively infrequently attend schools at which was 35%. While only very few individuals from former Yugosla- Austria in previous years but greater impact on the less well-educated citizens of other third countries was twice as high (13.8% and a university entrance qualification (Matura) can be obtained; via (excluding Slovenia) and Turkey held a university degree, there immigrants who moved here in the past. The following findings con- 15.8%) as that of Austrians. The unemployment rate among citi- they are more likely to attend a lower level secondary school was a high proportion of academics among those from other EU tinue to show potential challenges: zens of EU and EEA countries as well as Switzerland (6.7%) was (Hauptschule), a polytechnic school or one of the new mid-level countries (26%) as well as immigrants from other third countries only slightly higher than that of Austrians. Fields of action and integration indicators

•10 More than one quarter of the working population born outside long-term health problems and less frequently take advantage of ear- 16• According to the microcensus survey in 2011, 42% of 15 to 18• In 2012, 23.4% of all crime victims were foreign nationals. As Austria (28%) felt overqualified in 2008, while this was only the ly recognition and preventative examinations. The following general 64-year olds had at least one long-term health problem. Employed they constituted only 11.6% of the population, immigrants were case for 10% of those born in Austria. In general, women were conclusions can be drawn: people with a migration background from former Yugoslavia (51%) thus almost twice as likely to fall victim to a crime as Austrians. more frequently employed in posts in which they were overqual- and Turkey (48%) were significantly more affected. In addition, Particularly affected were African citizens, while citizens of EU- ified; this was particularly the case for women originating from 13• Earned income of the immigrant population is below average. people of Turkish and ex-Yugoslav origin tend to take advantage member states before 2004 and of former Yugoslavia were the the countries that have joined the EU since 2004. It is difficult for Foreign nationals in continuous employment throughout the year of curative rather than preventive medical services. This is also least affected. many migrants to have qualifications obtained abroad recognised earned 18,798 EUR (median) in 2011, which translated into only shown by the less frequent utilisation of early recognition and in Austria and to get into appropriate employment. In 2012, ENIC some 84% of the mean net annual income in Austria (2010: 83%). preventative services by people of Turkish and ex-Yugoslav origin, NARIC Austria, the national information centre for academic rec- While citizens of EU-countries that joining before 2004 earned particularly in the case of mammographies, cervical cancer smears Living conditions and segregation ognition, evaluated 2,665 foreign qualifications. only slightly less than average, citizens of countries joining the and the PSA test for early recognition of prostate cancer. The income situation limits the opportunities of migrant households EU since 2004, of former Yugoslavia and of Turkey earned from on the housing market, added by different perspectives of staying or 11• It is worth noting that long term unemployment is lower for non- around a sixth to nearly one fifth. returning to the country of origin. The majority of the migrant popu- Austrian citizens than for Austrian nationals (1.2% versus 2.3%). Security: Immigrants as victims and offenders lation lives in rented apartments and not in owner-occupied accom- 14• On average between 2009 and 2011, 12% of the population was The integration monitoring also contains indicators depicting immi- modation. Expenditure for accommodation represents a much high 12 13 12• Statistics provided by the Austrian Public Employment Service at risk of sliding into poverty; with 6% of the population being con- grants as crime victims and offenders. Analysed are the occurence proportion of household income; however, this is less attributable to (AMS) relegate to different levels of youth unemployment. Overall cerned with manifest poverty. The risk of poverty is significant- of crime among the immigrant community with a differentiation be- high rents than to limited income. Due to these structural conditions, 7.6% of 15 to 24-year-olds were unemployed (national definition) in ly higher for non-Austrians (26%) than for Austrians (11%), with tween those suspected and convicted of a crime as well as between people with a migration background are not evenly distributed within 2012. However, foreigners were more affected with a rate of 8.9%. Turkish citizens being especially affected (44%). imported crime and offenses originating from the foreign population their resident municipality and throughout Austria as a whole, but are Young people from a successor state of Yugoslavia faced even in Austria. In addition, the likelihood for immigrants to become vic- largely concentrated in districts with Gründerzeit-era rental houses. higher unemployment rates (9.5%), while youth unemployment 15• Austrian citizens born in Austria had a life expectancy at birth of 78.2 tims of crime and racist attacks was calculated. Details are as follows: for Turkish citizens was below average (8.5%). years for men and 83.2 years for women in 2012. This represents 19• In 2012, average per capita living space was approximately 44 m². an increase of 0.2 years for men and a decrease of 0.2 years for 17• Foreigners made up 31.1% of suspected offenders in 2012, while People with a migration background, had only 31 m² living space women in comparison with 2011. People of foreign origin had a their proportion for newly imprisoned people was 54.8% and 33.2% per capita, about 1/3 less than the average. While citizens of Health and social issues slightly higher life expectancy of 78.5 years for men and 83.4 years for judicial convictions. Corrected for “crime tourism”, foreigners EU-countries prior to 2004, the EEA countries and Switzerland General findings for “health and social issues” seem contradictory. for women. When comparing life expectancy by origin, people actually residing in Austria accounted for 24.6% of all suspects, a had above average living space, equivalent to 49 m² per capita, On the one hand, in view of lower education levels of at least part from former Yugoslavia and Turkey have a lower life expectancy much higher share than that of the foreign population as a whole citizens of former Yugoslavia (excluding Slovenia) and Turkey lived of the foreign population, it could be expected that low-paid employ- than the native population, while people from the EU and EEA (11.6%). Based on the population of the same citizenship aged 14 in much more cramped conditions with 25 m² and 21 m² respec- ment would be more wide-spread, connected to a greater risk of countries and other third countries have a higher life expectancy. and more, the share of convicted foreigners (1.4%) is almost four tively per capita. poverty. Larger household sizes and less female employment further It has not yet been completely clarified, if higher life expectancy of times that of Austrians (0.4%). Adjusted for age – 15 to 40-year- reduce per capita income and increase poverty risks. On the other people with a foreign origin is a statistical effect of under-reporting­ olds, who are the age group most likely to commit crimes, have a 20• Housing cost burden is above average for people of non-Austrian hand, the non-Austrian population has a comparatively long life expec- of deaths abroad or the result of selective immigration of people 40% higher share in the foreign population than among Austrians origin. On average for 2009 to 2011, 19% of the population as a whole tancy. Yet, people with migration background suffer more often from with particularly good health. –, the share of convicted foreigners is reduced to a factor of 2.5. spent more than 25% of household income on accommodation. The five core indicators

Indicator Indicator Indicator However, for non-Austrians the share was 35%. Turkish nationals Level of education of people aged 25 – 64 Employment rates 2012 Unemployment rates 2012 were particularly affected, with 50% spending more than 25% of 23• In 2012, there were a total of nearly 38,600 marriages in Austria 5 years in 2012 by migration background status 7 by age and migration background status 9 by nationality their household income on accommodation. – 6,700 (17%) of which were between Austrian and foreign part- Total 16% 54% 15% 15% 100 ners. Somewhat more than 4,000 marriages (10%) were between Total 7.0% No migration 90 21• The higher accommodation costs of immigrants are also attribut- partners who were both of non-Austrian origin. For more than 12% 58% 15% 15% background 80 Austrian 6.5% able to the lower rate of home ownership in this group. In 2012, half (54%) of bi-national marriages, the non-Austrian originated With migration 29% 36% 18% 17% 70 more than half (55%) of households with a native Austrian as their from another EU / EEA country, with marriages involving people of background Non-Austrian 9.7% 60 main representative owned their accommodation, but only 25% German origin being by far the most frequent (27%). In contrast, EU/EEA/CH 10% 41% 23% 26% 100 Form. Yugoslavia 50 90 EU/EEA/CH 6.7% of migrant households. However, the second generation (35% of marriages between Austrians and partners of Turkish origin con- 36% 45% 14% 5% (excl. Slovenia) 40 Form. Yugoslavia No migration background 80 10.9% all households) were much more likely to live in ownership occu- stituted a considerably lower proportion (8%) of mixed marriages. Turkey 64% 25% 8% (excl. Slovenia) 30 EU/EEA/CH 70 pation than the first generation (24%) in 2012. Form. Yugoslavia (excl. Slovenia) 13.8% Other countries 23% 21% 21% 35% 20 60 Turkey 24• In 2012, there were 7,043 naturalisations, particularly from former Turkey 0 20 40 60 80 100 % 10 Other countries 50 Other countries1) 15.8% 22• The immigrant population in Austria tends to be concentrated in Yugoslavia (excluding Slovenia) (40.3%) and Turkey (17%). On the Completed level of Compulsory school vocational school (AHS, BHS, college) background migration same with age same of population of % In 0 40 15–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 Years 0 5 10 15 20 % relatively few geographical areas. For example, about two thirds other hand, only 11% of naturalisations involved people from other education: Apprenticeship, higher Tertiary education 30 0,00 0,05 0,10 0,15 0,20 14 vocational school (BMS) 15 (62%) of people of foreign origin live in the 26 Austrian municipal- EU countries (mostly the member states since 2004 or 2007). 20 S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, Labour Force Survey (Microcensus), S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, Labour Force Survey (Microcensus), S.: AMS Austria, employment market survey/stats; special analysis – ities with more than 20,000 inhabitants, with almost 40% alone More than a third of naturalised citizens (36%) were actually born average of all weeks of a year – Population in private households average0,0 of 0,2all weeks0,4 of a year0,6 – Population0,8 in private households 1) Without10 people of unknown nationality residing in Vienna. In addition to cities like Salzburg, Wels, Bre- in Austria. Of foreigners living in Austria for more than ten years 0 genz and Traun, tourist centres like Sölden and Bad Gastein and only 1.1% were naturalised in 2012. Indicator Unemployment rate 2012 Indicator Net annual income1) 2011 Indicator At risk of poverty & manifest poverty certain towns and communes near borders provide refugee ac- 9 by nationality and level of education 13 by nationality 14 2009/2011 by nationality commodation are also locations in which people of foreign origin form a significant section of the population. Compul. Apprentice- AHS, BHS, Austrian 22,764 EUR At risk of In manifest Nationality schooling ship, BMS University Nationality poverty (rate) poverty (rate) Non-Austrian 18,798 EUR Total 15.5% 5.9% 3.7% Total 12% 6% Part of EU/EEA Social and identificatory dimension: Marriages and Austrian 14.4% 6.0% 3.8% pre-2004/CH 22,235 EUR Austrian 11% 5% Non-Austrian 18.1% 5.5% 3.4% EU accession countries Non-Austrian 26% 16% naturalisations 2004/2007 18,687 EUR EU/EEA/CH 19% 8% The social dimension of integration consists of personal relationships EU/EEA/CH 13.8% 5.8% 3.7% Form. Yugoslavia 18,197 EUR (excl. Slovenia) that range from marriage through friendship to recreational behaviour. Form. Yugoslavia 17.1% 5.4% 2.0% Form. Yugoslavia 17% 11% Turkey 18,132 EUR A large number of mixed marriages can be seen as an indicator of (excl. Slovenia) (excl. Slovenia) mutual acceptance. In addition, the share of naturalisations related to Turkey 21.4% 5.1% 2.6% Other countries 16,568 EUR Turkey 44% 27% Other countries1) 26.6% 3.9% 4.0% Other countries 47% 36% the number people entitled to apply for citizenship is an indicator of 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 EUR the extent to which immigrants identify with Austria. Legal aspects S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, income tax data – Social-statistical S.: AMS Austria, employment market survey/stats; special evaluations. – 1) Median of net annual income of continously 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 also play a role here. Details are as follows: 1) analysis – Without people of unknown nationality non-self employed people (excl. apprentices). S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, EU-SILC 2008–2010. Subjective views

25• How does the population perceive the status of integration in Aus- Austrians were asked whether they thought there had been any A fourth group of questions concerned the mental attitudes of both the native and immigrant population more willing to reject tria? In 2013, only 4.2% believe that integration is working very changes with regard to coexistence with immigrants over recent Austrians and immigrants – covering similarities and differenc- each other’s point of view. When the influence of age is taken well; 8.6%, on the other hand, consider that integration does not years while the immigrant population was asked whether their es. The survey of the population without a migration background into account, views differ. Austrians’ attitude towards immigrants function at all. If we add to this the 46.4% who see integration as personal circumstances had improved or deteriorated over the focussed on determining to what extent they thought adaptation tends to become increasingly negative with increasing age; immi- “not very effective” this means that the majority of the population past five years. Again, responses of people with a migration back- was needed and if what intolerant or xenophobic attitudes predomi- grants, on the other hand, get more willing to identify with their is dissatisfied with the current integration process. However, a ground were more optimistic and positive than those of native nated. The immigrant population was asked whether they approved counterparts with increasing age and length of stay. There were comparison with the results of the surveys conducted in previous Austrians. Some 28% of those surveyed without migration back- of the way that most people lived in Austria. The results were un- significant correlations with country of origin. While the vast ma- years shows that there has been a continuous improvement in the ground believed coexistence had deteriorated, while some 25% expected, and contradicted the pessimistic attitude to integration jority of former Yugoslavians very rapidly identify with Austria and way these are viewed that is not attributable to random statisti- stated that they thought it had improved. Of all people with migra- documented elsewhere. Nearly 23% of respondents without a Austrians, this process takes considerably longer for people of cal effects. While in 2010, 17.9% still felt that integration policies tion background, 21% claimed that their personal circumstances migration background rejected in part or whole all intolerant or xen- Turkish origin. were working very badly, the corresponding figure was down to had deteriorated over the previous five years, but 37% said that ophobic statements, while only 3.3% agreed in part or whole with 13.1% in 2011 and was only 12.0% in 2012. Thus between 2010 their circumstances had improved while 43% stated, their circum- these. The overwhelming majority of the population thus does not In general, the responses to questions relating to the current and 2013, the proportion of “integration pessimists” has halved. stances had remained more or less the same.Since the surveys see immigrants merely as a source of labour that should be sent status of integration documented an improved mood and a At the same time, the percentages of respondents considering were carried out for the first time, Austrians have become less home as soon as jobs become scarce and who should also be remarkable change in attitudes. Austrians have accepted that the 16 integration to work very well or quite well increased. Pessimis- pessimistic with regard to integration, while the optimism of the excluded from political processes in Austria. What, however, most old “guest worker” model – foreign workers come, do their work, 17 tic views of integration can be found within all population groups, immigrant population had grown. saw as necessary on the part of immigrants was a greater willing- and go home again without being permitted to participate in so- but this attitude is particularly noticeable among people aged 60 ness to “adapt their way of life better to that of Austrians”. cial processes – is not longer viable. They have learned to accept years and over, those on low incomes, those with poor qualifica- Contact with immigrants has become an everyday experience. migration as a part of demographic reality. The 2013 survey con- tions and poorly skilled and unskilled manual workers. About 59% of respondents said that they had contacts with immi- Respondents with migration background were asked whether they firms this trend. grants. Of those almost 24% thought that immigrants to be under- approved or disapproved the way of life in Austria. This question The immigrant population does not share this pessimistic outlook. One privileged (“Are you in personal contact with immigrants who you was designed to determine differences in mental attitudes, this question asked in the survey was: “Do you feel comfortable and/or at think are experiencing discrimination in Austria because of their time from the point of view of the immigrants. Approximately 25% home in Austria?” The vast majority (82.0%) claimed to feel completely origin or see as being less well treated than Austrians without a fully approved the way most people in Austria lived, and agreed or mostly at home in Austria. Only 10.5% claimed to feel less at home migration background?”). More than three quarters of respond- with their values and aims; another 52% largely approved of these. while 7.5% said they did not feel at home at all. In comparison with ents had contacts with immigrants but did not think they were Only 8% totally disapproved the Austrian way of life; 15% were 2012, the feeling of being at home in Austria has decreased by about encountering discrimination. The response of the immigrants with somewhat disapproving. In comparison with previous years, fully 5%, but still remains dominant. The optimistic view of integration is regard to this aspect was more critical. About one third of people approving and fully rejecting opinions have increased, while the determined by various factors: the gender of respondents, their level with migration background had the feeling that they tended to be proportion of undecided people has become smaller. of education, their household income and their period of residence. or were often discriminated due to being immigrants, while two Females and respondents with a higher income, better qualifications thirds felt they did, rarely or never encountered discrimination. The basic demographic structural profiles for xenophobia on the and better opportunities in the labour market as well as those resid- one hand and rejection of the Austrian way of life on the other ing in Austria for a longer period feel more at home here than others. were very similar. Lack of education and poor qualifications make Integration trends

As the definitions of the 25 integration indicators remain consistent In winter semester 2010/11, some 59,000 foreign students were Health and social issues 20• There were also no changes to the housing cost quotient. from year to year, it is possible to compare results with those of the matriculated at Austrian universities; this number had grown to 13• Since 2005 differences in wage levels between Austrian and Between 2008 and 2010, 35% of households with a foreign previous year and determine trends within the integration process 64.000 by winter semester 2011/2012. This increase is mainly non-Austrian citizens have increased: While the net annual in- household representative had to spend more than a quarter of and changes in attitudes. Most indicators represent structural charac- attributable to students from other EU and EEA countries, come of Austrians has increased by 15%, thst of non-Austrians their household income on housing. Between 2009 and 2011, teristics of the population (such as level of education, poverty, health), particularly students from Germany. has only risen by just over 9%. The lowest wage increase affect- this was also the case. and detectable alterations may only be noticeable in the medium to 5• There were only minor changes to the level of education of the ed Turks (6%) and other third country nationals (4%). 22• The percentage of foreign nationals in Austria living in municipal- long term. Hence the indicators are likely to reflect only minor chang- population; the number of qualifications obtained each year is low 14• Manifest poverty has increased by one percent. Among foreign ities in which immigrants constitute more than 25% of the pop- es over each 12 month period. The case is different for indicators rel- in relation to the population as a whole and has little effect on nationals, the increase in manifest poverty was more than this, ulation remained unchanged in 2012 at 53%. The 25% level was evant only to sections of the population (e.g. school attendance), are educational profiles. whereby considerable differences could be seen by citizenship. exceeded in Wels, Traun, Hallein, Kufstein, Ansfelden, Bludenz subject to cyclical fluctuations (e.g. immigration and unemployment) 6• The percentage of children whose first language is not German Manifest poverty slightly decreased for migrants from Former and Wörgl and was exceeded to a far greater degree in the state and reflect attitudes as these can exhibit major variations. It is also who did not continue their education in Austria after 8th grade fell Yugoslavia (excluding Slovenia), but increased considerably in the capitals of Linz, Salzburg, Innsbruck and Bregenz. important to avoid freely extrapolating the results of indicators based from approx. 15% in 2008 to approx. 13% in 2012. case of Turkish nationals. on surveys with a small sample size, as they can be within the statis- 15• In 2012, the life expectancy of Austrian citizens born in Austria Social and identification aspects tical range of fluctuation. Provided in the following is an overview of Work and employment was 0.2 longer for men and 0.2 shorter for women than in previ- 23• From 2011 to 2012, there was a slight decrease in numbers 18 19 the main changes to integration indicators that can be deduced from •7 The employment rate of people with a migration background ous years. The life expectancy of non-Austrian women increased of marriages between two non-Austrian partners, but a slight in- a comparison of the results for the last two years: only increased by one percentage point between 2011 and 2012. by 0.1 years, while there was a decline of 0.5 years for non- crease in marriages between Austrian and non-Austrian partners There were also no major changes to numbers of women in em- Austrian men. and a somewhat stronger increase in those with two Austrian Education and language ployment. partners. •1 In comparison with 2010, there was an increase in 2011 in num- •8 The evolution of the share of self-employed people (excluding Security 24• The number of naturalisations has increased slightly in 2012 to bers of 2-year-old Austrian children attending nursery school and agriculture) with migration background showed no clear trend 17• The percentage of foreign nationals resident in Austria suspected 7,043, in comparison with the previous year. However, the number kindergarten from 40% to 44%; this number also increased from (2010: 9.4%, 2011: 8.6%, 2012: 9.4%). of an offence increased from 29.6% in 2011 to 31.1% in 2012, of naturalisations of people entitled to acquire Austrian citizen- 31% to 40% in the case of non-Austrian children in the same •9 Similarly, between 2011 and 2012, a slight increase in unemploy- while the proportion in newly imprisoned people rose from 52.8% ship in view of their length of stay in Austria declined slightly in age range. ment figures (in total +0.3 percentage points) could be seen for to 54.8% and the number of foreigners sentenced by Austrian all groups of origin. •3 The percentage of non-Austrian children attending schools leading both the foreign and native population. courts rose from 31.9% to 33.2%. to tertiary education increased from 6.8% (2010/2011) to 7.2% 10• No changes could be determined in the structure of employment 18• There was a continued increase in the percentage of foreign Subjective views (2011/2012). The slight increase is mainly attributable to the pres- by the highest achieved education. nationals affected by offences/crimes (number of victims: 2010: 25• The trend, which has emerged in previous years, of evaluating ence of children from other EU and EEA countries and Switzer- 11• The long term unemployment rate increased slightly for both 1.48%; 2011: 1.61%; 2012: 1.73%). integration more positively is continuing. In 2010, 69% of those land, while the percentage of children of Turkish nationality or non-Austrians and Austrians. asked thought that “the integration of immigrants was working from a successor state of former Yugoslavia at such schools has 12• From 2011 to 2012, the youth unemployment rate rose slightly (by Housing and regional distribution quite badly or very badly”, while this value had decreased to about remained unchanged. +0.3%). This increase was mainly to the detriment of non-Austrian 19 21• There were no changes to the average living space per head or 55% by 2013. There was a corresponding increase in the percent- •4 The number of non-Austrian students in Austria and the pro- citizens, namely from 8.5% in 2011 to 8.9% in 2012. in the proportion of home owners among the foreign resident ages of those who believed that “integration is working quite well portion they represent of the student body continue to increase. population. or very well” from 31% in 2010 to 45% in 2013. Population

20 Who has a ”migration background“? The Austrian population of ”foreign origin“ and with a ”migration background“ in overview

Second immigrant generation First immigrant generation actually born in Austria actually born abroad Population groups with a “migration back- were 1,518 million people of foreign origin 412,162 1,166,755 ground” or of “foreign origin” can be defined living in Austria on 1 January 2013. This rep- 4.9% 14.0% on the basis of their nationality or the country resents 18.0% of the population of Austria of birth of their parents. as a whole. Population without migration background Population with migration background Parents born in Austria Parents born abroad Foreign nationals Population with migration background 6,772,805 1,578,917

Foreign nationals are all those people in On the basis of international definitions, the 2012 average Annual 81.1% 18.9% Austria who are not Austrian citizens. On 1 population “with migration background” is January 2013, this definition applied to more made up of all people whose parents were Population living in private households Microcensus (survey in private households) households) private in (survey Microcensus than one million residents of Austria. This is born abroad, irrespective of nationality. On av- 8,351,722 equivalent to 11.9% of the overall population erage, there were some 1,579 million people 100.0% of the country (8,452 million). About 40% of living in Austria in 2012 with a migration back- 22 resident foreign nationals had been living for ground (equivalent to 18.9% of the popula- 23 Total population on 1 January 2013 at least ten years, with a further 24% residing foreign passport while 38% had Austrian na- tion). Of these, 1,167 million are of the “first 8,451,860 in Austria for five years. On the other hand, tionality (largely through naturalisation). immigrant generation” in that they them- 100.0% almost 37% of foreign nationals have only selves were also born abroad but have since moved to Austria since 1 January 2008, and Population of foreign origin moved to Austria. The remaining 412,200 in- Austrian nationals Foreign nationals In Austria for 10 years so residing for less than five years in Austria. When calculating much of the statistical data dividuals are the children, born in Austria, of 7,447,592 1,004,268 or longer of 1 January 2013

contained in this brochure, the two attributes parents born abroad. These are known as the 88.1% 11.9% 398,741 People born outside Austria “nationality” and “country of birth” were com- “second immigrant generation”. 4.7% The origin of an individual can be defined on bined, so that, in addition to foreign nationals, Born in Austria Born abroad Born in Austria Born abroad In Austria for between 5 the basis of their country of birth. This, unlike those people who were born abroad but have 6,933,596 513,966 153,493 850,755 Population statistics (based on civil and 10 years nationality, which can be changed by means acquired Austrian citizenship are also taken registration records) 82.0% 6.1% 1.8% 10.0% 238,272 of naturalisation, is a permanent distinguish- into account. This means that the combined 2.8% ing feature of an individual. On 1 January group of people with foreign nationality and In Austria for less than 2013, there were some 1,365 million indi- those born abroad but with Austrian citizen- 5 years People of foreign origin viduals resident in Austria who had been ship are thus here together designated as the 367,255 (Foreign nationals and those born abroad) born outside the country; this is equivalent population of “foreign origin”. 4.3% to 16.1% of the population. More than three According to the population statistics derived 1,518,234 fifths of those born outside Austria held a from residential registration records, there 18.0% Migration balance in Austria 1961–2012 Development of the population of foreign The effect of immigration on population (immigration minus emigration) nationals in Austria since 1961

100,000 % 12 11 80,000 10 Population increase due to immigration It was only in the 1990s that there was a Incomers of Turkish origin formed by far the 9 60,000 since 1961: approx. 914,000 people renewed growth in the immigration rate, and largest body among the immigrants who re- 8 7 The population of Austria increased by approx. foreign nationals came to represent more than mained in Austria for longer periods: Three balance migration Overall 40,000 914,400 people as a result of immigration 8% of the population. More stringent laws quarters of all Turkish immigrants who ar- 6 from 1961 to 2012. Over the last 50 years, about the employment of foreign nationals rived in 2002–2007 stayed in Austria for at 20,000 5 4 around 311,500 more Austrian nationals emi- and residence resulted in a brief stagnation least 5 years. 12 0 3 11 grated abroad than returned to live in Austria of immigration figures in the second half of 2 -20,000 10 from other countries; the population increase the 1990s. With the dawn of the new millen- Migration as the decisive factor 1 9 due to the influx of foreign nationals since the nium however, immigration again increased, in population development 0 -40,000 8 1960s is equivalent to approx. 1.225 million mainly from the countries of the extended According to current forecasts, immigration 1961 1961 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2012 7 individuals. European Union. On 1 January 2013, there will represent the predominant factor when S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population development, population 6 were more than a million foreign nationals it comes to future population development S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population development, migration statistics; revised data from 2007 to 2011. statistics; revised data from 2007 to 2011. 5 24 25 Significant increases in the proportion resident in Austria, representing 11.9% of trends in Austria. If immigration and birth 4 of foreign nationals in the early 1970s the population as a whole. rates remain at the level they are today, Immigrants 2002–2007 with a period of residence 100000 Predicted population developments in Austria to 2075 3 and early 1990s the population of Austria would reach 9 mil- exceeding 5 years by foreign origin 90000 based on selected forecast scenarios 2 1 In 1961, there were just over 100,000 foreign In general, 47% of immigrants do not lion citizens by 2030. This would mean that 80000 70000 0 nationals resident in Austria; this was equiva- remain in Austria for more than 5 years the population would increase by 10.7% to Population of foreign origin (total)EU 60000 12

52.8% Mio. lent to approx. 1.4% of the overall population. Of the foreign nationals who moved to Austria approx. 9.3 million by 2050 (main forecast 50000 countries pre-2004 (14) 50.9% 40000 In the second half of the 1960s and in the in 2002–2007, a little less than half (47%) left scenario). However, if there is no migration EU accession countries 2004 (10) 41.1% 30000 10 early 1970s, targeted recruitment of work- the country again within 5 years, while 53% surplus, predictions are that the population EU accession countries 2007 (2) 39.3% 20000 EEA, with EU-affil. minor countries, CH 51.1% 8 ers from the then Yugoslavia and from Turkey of the immigrants of foreign origin remained would fall by 1.5% to 8.3 million by 2030 and Form. Yugoslavia (excl. Slov.) 59.4% 10000 resulted in an increase in the absolute num- in Austria for 5 years or longer. continue to fall to 7.6 million by 2050. Turkey 75.0% 0 -10000 6 bers and the proportion of foreign nationals Other European countries 63.6% Africa 51.7% -20000 Main scenario living in Austria. By 1974, the population of The period of residence of those from other North America -30000 4 28.5% Main variant without migration foreign nationals had increased to 311,700 EU countries – particularly those from the Latin America 50.6% -40000 High rate of migration people (4.1% of the then population). There countries that joined the EU in 2004 and 2007 Asia (excl. Turkey, Cyprus) 53.2% 2 12 Australia and Oceania 30.2% Low rate of migration was very little change to the number and per- – was below average. The same applies to Stateless/no info./unknown 55.9% 0 10 centage of the population of foreign nationals immigrants from North America, Australia 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 % in Austria over the following 15 years. and Oceania, of whom less than one third 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 2060 2065 2070 2075 8 remained in Austria for longer than 5 years. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, migration statistics. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population forecast 2012. 6

4

2

0

0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 Population with a migration background Population with a migration background Proportion of Austrian citizens among Regions and countries of origin 2012 by immigrant generation since 2008 population with a migration background 2012

Total 1,800 A good third of the population with a 43% of the population with a migration Germans are the largest group of Total 43% Pre-2004 EU 1,600 First generation 33% migration background in Austria comes background has already been naturalised foreign nationals Other countries countries (14) Second generation 69% 15.1% 14.4% 1,400 from the EU In terms of nationality, 57% of residents of If foreign nationals living in Austria are clas- 404.6 415.4 412.2 By birth country of parents:

People (in 1,000s) (in People 385.5 1,200 363.4 Pre-2004 EU countries1800000 (14) 26% In 2012, about 1,579 million people with a foreign origin also remain foreign nationals sified by nationality, Germans are by far the Turkey EU accession countries 2004 EU accession countries (10) 46% 17.4% 2004/2007 (12) 1,000 1600000 migration background lived in Austria, about while 43% of these have become natural- largest group. On the cut-off day of 1 January 2007 EU accession countries (2) 32% 20.2% 10% more than four years prior to this (2008: ised Austrians. In the case of first generation 2013, about 157,800 people from Germany 800 Former Yugoslavia (excl.1400000 Slovenia) 43% Turkey 60% 1,441 million). A little more than a third (35%) immigrants, virtually exactly a third (33%) lived in Austria. Former Yugoslavia EEA/Switzerland 1,166.8 1200000 600 1,078.1 1,082.6 1,138.7 1,153.3 Other European countries came from another EU or EEA country and have already been naturalised, while almost In second place were the almost 113,700 (excluding Slovenia) 0.5% 19% 32.4% 400 1000000Africa 54% Switzerland. A further 32% came from the 70% of the second generation already have Turkish nationals. Third place went to almost North America 11% 800000 successor states of Yugoslavia (excluding an Austrian passport. 111,300 people of Serbian nationality. The 200 Latin America 36% Asia (excluding Turkey, 600000Cyprus) 42% Slovenia) and about 17% came from Turkey. In terms of migrants from the 14 other long- 89,900 people from Bosnia and Herzegovi- First generation 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0 20 40 60 80 % About 15% of the population with a migration term EU countries, the proportion of Austrian na were in fourth place, while fifth place was Pre-2004 EU 400000 Other countries countries (14) First generation Second generation 200000 background came from other countries, citizens is considerably less than people from occupied by 58,600 Croatians. This was fol- 16.5% 16.8% whereby more than half of this number came the ten countries which entered the EU in lowed by almost 53,300 Romanian nationals, S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, microcensus on workers 2012, annual S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, 0microcensus on workers 2012, annual 26 Türkei average over all weeks. – Population in private households average over all weeks. – Population in private households 27 from Asia (8%). 2004. This is predominantly down to the high whose number has increased greatly since 13.8% EU accession countries If a differentiation is made between the first number of citizens from the East-European Romania entered the EU in 2007. In seventh to 2004/2007 (12) 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 21.9% and second immigrant generation, there are accession countries who were already nat- tenth place were Polish, Hungarian, Russian Former Yugoslavia Foreign nationals – top 20 nationalities on 1 January 2013 considerable differences in the structure of uralised before entry into the EU. The pro- and Slovakian nationals. (excluding Slovenia) EEA/Switzerland origin: While almost four tenths (39%) of first portion of naturalised citizens from the 14 Other European nations with high numbers 30.4% 0.6% Germany 157,793 Turkey 113,670 generation migrants came from other EU and long-standing EU countries is below average. of citizens living in Austria were Macedonia, Serbia 111,280 Bosnia and Herzegovina Second generation 89,925 EEA countries and Switzerland, this figure The proportion of Austrian citizens among Kosovo, Italy and Bulgaria. Outside of Europe, Pre-2004 EU Croatia 58,619 was less than a quarter (23%) for the second people with a Turkish or African migration about 12,400 Afghan nationals represented Other countries countries (14) Romania 53,261 Poland 45,965 11.1% 7.6% generation. On the other hand, the proportion background is above average (60% and 54% the largest group, followed by 10,200 Chi- Hungary 37,004 of people with roots in former Yugoslavia or respectively), while only 11% of North Amer- nese nationals. EU accession countries Russian Federation 27,343 2004/2007 (12) Slovakia 25,333 Turkey was considerably higher for second ican migrants are naturalised. 15.6% Macedonia 19,377 Kosovo 17,943 generation migrants than for the first gener- EEA/Switzerland Italy 17,831 ation. These results reflect both the different Turkey 0.1% Bulgaria 14,144 27.5% Afghanistan 12,380 phases of the Austrian migration history as Former Yugoslavia Czech Republic 10,232 (excluding Slovenia) China 10,191 well as the different birth rates of the individ- 38.2% Slovenia 9,592 Switzerland 7,421 ual immigrant groups. Iran 7,196 0 40,000 80,000 120,000 160,000 S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, microcensus on workers 2012, annual average over all weeks. – Population in private households S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics 0 20000400006000080000100000120000140000160000 Population on 1 January 2013 by age, gender and origin Population with migration background 2012 The age structure of the population by age groups

Population of Austrian origin Men Age in years Women 100 Population by age groups 95 Total population 0 to 19 20 to 39 40 to 64 65 and Young adults of working age form Average age of foreign nationals Immigrants from Turkey and Africa are 90 (in 1,000s) years years years older 85 the majority of the population with is 35 years particularly young 80 Total population 8,352 20.4% 26.2% 36.1% 17.3% 75 migration background The average age of the overall population of Immigrants from third countries represent- 70 No migration background 6,773 20.1% 24.4% 36.6% 18.9% The age structure of the population of Austria Austria was 42.0 years on 1 January 2013. ed a particularly youthful population group. 65 60 With migration background 1,579 21.6% 33.8% 34.2% 10.5% reflects the major historical and demographic In comparison, people of foreign origin were The average age of people from the succes- 55 First generation 1,167 7.0% 37.9% 42.7% 12.4% events of the past century; the Second World slightly younger, with an average age of 40.3 sor states of Yugoslavia (excluding Slovenia) 50 45 Second generation 412 63.0% 22.0% 10.1% 4.9% War, the baby boom in the early 1960s and years. However, the average age of foreign was 40.3 years while that of Turkish immi- 40 35 the subsequent long term fall in birth rates nationals was markedly lower with 35.1 years grants was 36.8 years. The average age of 30 25 over the last three to four decades have all than that of naturalised immigrants (50.4 the population of African origin was even low- 20 S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, microcensus employment figures 2012, annual average over all weeks. – left their mark. years). er (34.9 years), whereby those from Ethiopia 15 Population in private households 10 In addition, immigration also has an effect on (22.9 years) and Somalia (23.4 years) were 5 the age structure of the population, as mi- Population originating from particularly young. People of Russian origin 0 Average age of population with foreign origin % 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 % 28 grants tend to be a younger population group: EU countries tends to be older (mostly refugees from Chechnya) had a simi- on 1 January 2013 29

While 55.5% of the Austrian population with- Age structures within the population of for- larly low average age (29.6 years). Population of foreign origin out a migration background were already 40 eign origin were relatively heterogeneous. Total population 42.0 Men Age in years Women Population of foreign origin 40.3 years or older in 2012, a virtually comparable People from other EU member countries tend- 100 Immigration from abroad is helping to Foreign nations 35.1 Foreign nationals 95 Foreign nationals proportion (55.4%) of people with a migra- ed to be older than the population as a whole. offset “demographic ageing” in Austria, 90 People with Austrian 50.4 citizenship born abroad tion background were less than 40 years old. For example, the average age of German i.e. the fall in the proportion of children Austrians 85 Austrians 80 By region of origin A total of 61% of people without a migrant immigrants was 43.6 years, of Italians was 75 and young people and the simultaneous Pre-2004 EU countries (14) 43.6 70 45.9 past were in the main age of employment 50.6 years and of people with a Slovenian increase in the number of elderly people 65 2004 EU accession countries (10) 2007 EU accession countries (2) 36.9 between 20 and 64 years, but this group in- origin was 53.3 years. The population of in the population. According to some es- 60 -0,012-0,011-0,010-0,009-0,008-0,007-0,006-0,005-0,004-0,003-0,002-0,001 0,0000,0010,0020,0030,0040,0050,0060,0070,0080,0090,0100,011 55 EEA/Switzerland 44.6 cluded almost 68% of people with a migra- Czech origin was particularly old, with an timates, the average age of the popula- 50 Former Yugoslavia (excluding Slovenia) 40.3 tion background. A reverse relationship was average age of 61.9 years. However, these tion will increase to approx. 44.8 years 45 Turkey 36.8 40 Other European countries 31.6 by 2030 and to 46.9 years by 2050. With- 35 produced among older people: almost 19% were mostly displaced people from the peri- Africa 34.9 out immigration, it is possible that there 30 of the domestic population but only 10% of od after the Second World War and refugees North America 38.7 might be a much more marked increase 25 people with a migration background were 65 who had fled to Austria from the then Czech- 20 Latin America 37.1 in the average age of the population, so 15 Asia 36.2 years old and older. oslovakia on the suppression of the Prague 10 that it could reach 46.8 years by 2030 and Australia and Oceania 39.4 Spring in 1968. 5 50.9 years by 2050. 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 % 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 % Average age in years 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics.

-0,012-0,011-0,010-0,009-0,008-0,007-0,006-0,005-0,004-0,003-0,002-0,001 0,0000,0010,0020,0030,0040,0050,0060,0070,0080,0090,0100,011 Birth and mortality rates and birth/death Average number of children per woman (total fertility rate) 2012 Births and deaths balance 2012 by nationality by origin of the mother

Birth rate (births per 1,000 of the population) 2.5 Birth/death balance causing rise Foreign mothers have more children ‰ 20 Mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 of the population) in population of foreign nationals than Austrians 2.0 20 18 17.6 2.08 2.09 In Austria in 2012, there were 78,952 live On average, women living in Austria had 18 1.95 1.94 16 1.5 1.82 births and 79,436 deaths. The birth/death bal- approx. 1.44 children in 2012. Native Austrian woman per Children 1.44 16 1.45 1.50 14 13.3 1.34 ance (the difference between the birth rate women had an average of 1.34 children while 12.8 13.2 1.0 11.8 14 and mortality rate) was thus slightly negative women of foreign origin had an average of 12 10.2 0.5 12 10 9.4 9.4 (-484). There was a marked mortality surplus 1.82 children. The nationality of the mother 8.8 0 10 in the case of Austrian nationals (-10,408 peo- had a considerable influence on childbirth 8 Total 8 Turkey ple) and marked birth surplus in the case of rates. While Turkish women had an average 6 Foreign origin Austrian origin Switzerland Other countries foreign nationals (+9,924 people). of 2.08 children and women from former 4.0 6 Foreign nationals Austrianborn citizens abroad 4 3.2 3.1 EU countries, EEA, Former Yugoslavia 2.6 2,5 At 13.3‰, the birth rate of foreign nationals Yugoslavia (excluding Slovenia) gave birth zerland were on average 28.9 years old when 4 (excluding Slovenia) 2 1.8 was significantly higher than that of Austri- to an average of 1.94 children, the average they had their first child; hence there is no 2 2,0 0 S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, demographic indicators ans (8.8‰). The birth rates among citizens of number of children born to women from EU significant difference in this respect between 0 1,5 former Yugoslavia (11.8‰), the EU and EEA and EEA countries (1.50) was only slightly this group and Austrian mothers. 30 Age of mother on birth of first child 2012 Percentage of live births (out of wedlock) 31 Total 1,0 Turkey countries (12.8‰) and Turkey (13.2‰) were above the average for Austrian women. It is Austrian

Non-Austrian Switzerland by origin of mother 2012 by origin of the mother Other countries not quite as high as those for nationals from interesting to note that women of foreign Austrian mothers are more frequently EU countries, EEA, Former Yugoslavia 0,5 (excluding Slovenia) other countries (17.6‰). The mortality rate of nationality have significantly more children unmarried than women of foreign origin 12,000 10,000 0,0 Total Total foreign nationals resident in Austria was ex- (1.95) than immigrant women who have There were major differences between 9,924 28.7 41.5% 8,000 tremely low (3‰) – about one third of the cor- been naturalised (1.45). Austrians and women of foreign origin with re- Austrian origin 29.1 Austrian origin 50.2% responding figure for Austrians. gard to children born out of wedlock in 2012. 6,000 Foreign origin Foreign origin This is partly attributable to age structures as Foreign mothers are younger on the Nearly 50% of children of Austrian mothers 4,000 27.2 21.7% 3,868 2,000 Foreign nationals 26.6 Foreign nationals 21.7% immigrants are on average younger than the birth of their first child were born out of wedlock. The percentage of 2,305 2,549 -484 12000 population as a whole. Naturalisations and re- In 2012, the average age of mothers on giv- children born out of wedlock to mothers of 0 1,202 Austrian citizens Austrian citizens born abroad 10000 27.2 born abroad 21.5% turns to the country of origin in old age also ing birth to their first child was 29.1 years in foreign origin was considerably lower at on- -2,000 EU countries, EEA, 8000 28.9 EU countries, EEA, 34.0% reduced the number of more elderly foreign the case of native Austrians; women of for- ly 22%. Turkish mothers gave birth to by far -4,000 Switzerland Switzerland Former Yugoslavia 25.6 Former Yugoslavia 14.8% nationals in Austria, thus also reducing the eign origin were almost 2 years younger on the lowest percentage of children born out -6,000 (excluding Slovenia) 6000 (excluding Slovenia) relevant mortality rate. bearing their first child. Women from Turkey of wedlock (5%). -8,000 Turkey 4000 25.3 Turkey 4.7% -10,408 were by far the youngest when giving birth -10,000 Other countries 2000 27.5 Other countries 22.5% to their first child at an average of 25.3 years, -12,000 0 20 022 24 26 28 30 0 10 20 30 40 50 % followed by women from former Yugoslavia Birth/death balance (births minus deaths) -2000 Age in years (excluding Slovenia) at an average of 25.6 -4000 years. Women from the EU, EEA and Swit- S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, statistics of natural population change. S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, demographic-6000 indicators S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, statistics of natural population18 20 change.22 24 26 28 30 -8000 -10000 -12000

0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 Immigration and emigration

32 Immigration: Structures and trends Immigration from and emigration to countries outside Austria 1996–2012 Immigration in EU/EEA countries 2001–2011 in ‰ of the population Immigration of third country nationals Emigration of third country nationals Luxembourg 31.5 Cyprus 23.3 160,000 Immigration of EU/EEA nationals Emigration of EU/EEA nationals (excl. Austria) (excl. Austria) Switzerland 18.9 Net increase in population due to Ireland 14.8 Immigration in Austria relatively 140,000 Immigration of Austrian nationals Emigration of Austrian nationals Spain 14.2 immigration in 2012 approx. 44,000 persons high in European comparison 160000 Austria 12.5 120,000 Belgium 12.3 In 2012, almost 140,400 individuals moved At 12 people per 1,000 of the population, 140000 Malta 12.0 to Austria while nearly 96,600 people left Norway 10.9 the immigration rate in Austria in the 100,000 120000 Denmark 9.9 the country. The net increase in the number years 2001 - 2011 was in the top third of Greece 9.4 80,000 Sweden 9.1 of people coming to live in Austria was thus that for Europe as a whole. Higher rates 100000 Slovenia 8.6 43,800. In the case of foreign nationals, of immigration were registered in Lux- 60,000 UK 8.3 80000 Germany 7.6 125,600 moved here while 74,400 left Aus- embourg (31‰), Cyprus (23‰), Swit- Italy 7.1 40,000 The Netherlands 7.0 tria, giving a net migration surplus of 51,200 zerland (19‰), Ireland (15‰) and Spain 60000 Czech Rep. 6.3 (14‰). Immigration rates in Germany 20,000 France 3.3 foreigners. 40000 Hungary 2.4 (8‰) and Italy (7‰) were markedly low- Slovakia 1.9 0 Poland 0.5 The extent of the migration surplus in 2012 er. There were particularly low immi- 20000 gration rates in the countries that have 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 ‰ was considerably higher than in previous joined the EU since 2004, such as Poland S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, migration statistics. S.:0 EUROSTAT. 34 years, which can be attributed to the in- 35 (0.5‰), Slovakia and Hungary (both 2‰). creased immigration from nationals of the Alone the Czech Republic (6‰) had an Immigration to and emigration from Austria 2012 by nationality 2004/2007 EU accession countries. For 2004 and 13,100 respectively). A further 7,100 immigration rate similar to that of accession countries, the access restrictions to Italy (7‰). immigrations came from Polish citizens and the Austrian job market were lifted on 1 May almost 6,000 from Slovakian citizens. Immigration to Austria 2012 Emigration from Austria 2012 2011. While more Austrians have emigrated Total: 140,358 Total: 96,561 abroad than returned in all years, the aver- More than half of immigrants In 2012, only one third (approx. 48,400) of Other countries 28,859 14,753 Austria Other countries 15,255 22,167 Austria age net migration surplus in 2002–2005 came from the EU immigrants originated from third countries. was 47,100 people and in 2006–2010 was Of the roughly 140,400 who moved to Aus- This included 15,500 from former Yugoslavia 17,774 Germany Turkey 3,151 30,000 people (revised results). In total, tria from other countries, almost 14,800 (excluding Slovenia), almost 4,100 from Turkey Turkey 4,088 some 426,700 foreign immigrants more have were returning Austrian citizens while an- and 5,100 people from other parts of south- Former Yugoslavia 10,530 7,105 Poland come to Austria than have left the country other 77,200 were nationals of other EU/ ern and eastern Europe; 15,700 immigrants Former Yugoslavia 15,480 (excl. Slovenia) 10,398 Germany since 2002. EEA countries and nationals of Switzerland were nationals of Asian countries, 3,800 came (excl. Slovenia) 13,066 Hungary who were able to use their right to freedom from Africa and 3,700 from the American Other EU countries/ 12,228 3,686 Poland EEA/CH 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 of movement to take up residence in Aus- continent. Other EU countries/ 19,914 5,957 Slovakia 6,457 Hungary tria. The largest of these groups was made EEA/CH 13,362 Romania Romania 8,004 3,538 Slovakia up of Germans (17,800), followed by Roma- nian and Hungarian nationals (almost 13,400 S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, migration statistics 2012. Asylum Asylum applications and grants of asylum in Austria 2003–2012 Asylum decisions in Austria 2012

35,000 Total 16,303 Further increase in the number of 30,000 Asylum applications number of first time asylum seekers Shelved/ Recognition of Positive asylum applications in 2012 was actually considerably lower. In rela- 25,000 Redundant refugee status 23% Over the years 2003–2012, almost 176,227 tive terms with regard to population size, 11% 20,000 individuals applied for asylum in Austria. In Austria was in fourth place in terms of the number of asylum seekers in the EU 15,000 2012 alone, 17,413 applications for asylum 35000 were recorded. In the years of 2006 to 2010, countries. The highest numbers of appli- 10,000 cations per 1,000 of the population were 30000 Negative there were comparatively fewer applications 5,000 66% for asylum. The decrease in comparison with submitted in Malta, Sweden, Luxem- 25000 bourg, Austria, Belgium and Cyprus. The 0 the very high values of 2001–2005 (over 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 number of applications per head of the 20000 20,000 to almost 40,000 asylum applications S.: BMI, asylum statistics 2003–2012. – There is no significant correlation between the S.: BMI, asylum statistics 2012. – There is no significant correlation between the number population was considerably lower in number of positive decisions and the number of applications submitted in any one year. of cases processed15000 and the number of applications submitted in any one year. yearly) can be attributed to the accession to France, Germany and Italy than in Aus- with 2011 (3,572). Two thirds (66%) of all asy- the EU of many central and eastern Europe- tria, and the same applies to the neigh- lum proceedings completed in 2012 were 10000 Asylum applications in EU/EEA countries Asylum applications in Austria 2012 People granted asylum in Austria 2003–2012 an countries in 2004 and 2007 and to chang- bouring countries to the east. dismissed, while 23% of all rulings were pos- 5000 es in the relevant legislation. But after 2010, itive. In the case of 11% of applications, the 2012 per 1,000 of the population by nationality by nationality 36 the number of asylum applications increased Most asylum seekers came from decision was neither positive nor negative; 0 37 Malta 4.9 again. In the last decade (2003–2012), asy- Afghanistan and the Russian Federation the procedure was shelved or had become Afghanistan 4,005 Russ. Federation 16,738 Sweden 4.7 lum was granted in 38,237 cases. In 2012, In 2012, most asylum seekers came from redundant as the asylum seeker had left Aus- Russ. Federation 3,091 Luxembourg 4.0 Afghanistan 6,020 the number of applications granted was at a Afghanistan (4,005), the Russian Federation tria. In comparison with 2011, the number of Switzerland 3.4 Pakistan 1,823 similar level to 2008 with 3,680. (particularly Chechnya: 3,091), Pakistan (1,823) asylum applications that were approved rose Austria 2.1 Syria 915 Iran 2,644 Norway 2.0 Iran 761 Serbia, Monte- and Syria (915). But a greater number of appli- slightly from 21% to 23%. Liechtenstein 1.9 1,901 Algeria 575 negro, Kosovo cations was also received from people from Over the last decade (2003–2012), 38,237 Belgium 1.7 In a comparison of asylum appli- Cyprus 1.5 Iraq 491 Iraq 1,569 Iran (761), Algeria (575), Iraq (491), Somalia people have been granted asylum in Austria. Denmark cations in 2012 among the EU member 1.1 Somalia 481 Syria 1,363 (481), India (401), and Nigeria (400). In com- A good two fifths of these (almost 44% or France 0.9 India 401 countries, Austria was in sixth place. Greece 0.8 Nigeria Somalia 1,346 A total of 296,690 asylum applications parison with 2011, there were considerably 16,738) were nationals of the Russian Fed- Germany 0.8 400 were submitted to EU member countries more applications from Pakistan, the Russian eration (mainly from Chechnya), while 6,020 The Netherlands 0.5 Morocco 354 Turkey 1,093 UK 0.4 Armenia 346 in 2012. The highest number of applica- Federation, Syria, Afghanistan and Iran. came from Afghanistan. 2,644 refugees were Armenia 555 Italy 0.3 Kosovo 314 Poland 0.2 tions within the EU was submitted to granted asylum from Iran, with a total of 1,901 Georgia Georgia 451 Hungary 0.2 300 Germany in 2012 (64,540), followed by Number of people granted refugee positive asylum applications from Serbia, Serbia Slovakia 0.1 292 Dem. Rep. Congo 401 France (54,940), Sweden (43,890), Great status remains constant Montenegro and Kosovo in total. The number Slovenia 0.1 Turkey 273 Total: 17,413 Azerbaijan Total: 38,237 Britain (27,410) and Belgium (18,520). A total of 3,680 people were granted asylum of applicants who were granted refugee sta- Czech Republic 0.05 China (PR) 235 316 However, this included the numerous in Austria in 2012. The granting of applications tus from Iraq (1,569), Syria (1,363), Somalia 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 ‰ 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 subsequent applications, meaning the remained largely constant in comparison (1,346) and Turkey (1,093) is also noteworthy. S.: UNHCR (2013): Asylum Level and Trends in Industrialised Countries 2012. S.: BMI, asylum statistics 2012 S.: BMI, asylum statistics.

0 1 2 3 4 0 5 1000 2000 3000 4000 05000 5000 10000 15000 20000 Residence Forms of immigration to Austria 2012

14,753 1,193 Returning Austrian Highly-skilled workers 2) nationals from third countries 77,178 Immigrants from EU/ Nationals of third countries (see Glossary) Immigration rates in 2012 largely EU Blue Card in accordance with the new cri- EEA countries/Switzerland2) who plan to reside for more than 6 outside legal quotas teria-based immigration system (in 2011, this 11,112 1) months in Austria require a residence title In 2012, some 28,000 initial residence titles was still 900). A little over 12,500 nationals Other immigrants from third countries appropriate to their reason for residing. were granted to nationals of third countries. from third countries came as the dependants For such people, the relevant Austrian There were also 17,400 refugees who applied of Austrians and nationals of third countries legislation stipulates the conditions that for asylum in Austria in the same year. to Austria. Some 11,100 people, mainly 17,413 Asylum seekers 7,800 must be met to acquire residence permit school pupils, students, clergy, au-pairs and 12,525 Seasonal workers in the form of provisional residential sta- Other incomers were 1,200 highly-skilled researchers were granted an initial residen- 5,000 Family dependants from third countries people from third countries tus and the provisions under which tem- workers who acquired a residence title in the tial permit. There were also some 6,200 sea- porary and permanent residence titles form of Austria’s Red-White-Red Card or the sonal workers who came to Austria over the S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, migration statistics; BMI, settlement, residence and asylum statistics; AMS, employment market data – 1) Mainly residence permits (apprentices, researchers, au-pairs) and people can be issued. In general, a temporary 2) course of 2012. with private assets as well as deviations between the data sources due to different survey methods. – According to migration statistics. 38 residence title allows the holder to re- 39 side in Austria for a period of 12 months. Residential status of third country A permanent residence permit may be Population of foreign origin in Austria on 1 January 2013 by residential status granted to foreign nationals who have nationals living in Austria on 1 January 2013 been continuously resident in Austria for Foreign nationals resident in Austria on 1 January 2013 Residential status of nationals of third countries on 1 January 2013 at least 5 years. Some three fifths of the foreign nationals liv- (according to residential registration data: 1,004,268 people) ing in Austria on 1 January 2013 were nation- Others (i.e. refugees, seasonal workers) Provisional residential status Citizens of the EEA and Switzerland and als of third countries. Of these, 58% were Third country nationals 12% 4% their dependants who are resident in entitled to a permanent residence title. 22% 579,599 Asylum seekers were entitled to a temporary residence ti- 58% (on-going procedures) Austria for longer than 3 months must Nationals of EU/EEA countries and CH 4% apply for a residence certificate or resi- tle while 4% were granted provisional res- 424,669 dence card. After a period of 5 years of idential status. A further 4% were asylum 42% Temporary residential status legally recognized and continuous resi- seekers whose applications were being pro- 22% dence in Austria, citizens of the EEA and cessed, while 12% were people with refu- Switzerland and their dependants ac- gee status, seasonal workers and people quire the right to permanent residence. with other forms of residential status. Permanent residential status Asylum seekers and their recognised (> 5 years) refugees are not required to obtain any 58% form of residence authorisation. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA – population statistics. S.: BMI, Asylum and foreign nat. statistics; AMS, employment market data. Language and education

40 Indicator Children attending preschool facilities 2011 Children attending childcare facilities (all age groups) 2011 Use of childcare facilities 1 by age and nationality by nationality, presence and the employment status of mothers

% 100 Non-Austrian children of preschool age Non-Austrian mothers less likely 2008. This showed that 90% of German- Austrians 90 Presence at facility Employment status of mother tend to less frequently attend a nursery to be in work speaking children attending a nursery school Non-Austrians 80 Mornings Afternoons Not school or kindergarten 1 Just under two thirds of Austrian moth- had language skills consistent with their age, Nationality Children All day only only Full-time Part-time employed 70 The percentage of Austrian children who ers with children in day care facilities were so that only 10% required remedial help. Total 321,931 44.4% 41.2% 14.4% 25.3% 37.3% 37.4% attended a nursery school, kindergarten or in paid occupations compared with 49% of Some 58% of children whose first language 60 Austrian 279,958 43.6% 42.1% 14.3% 25.0% 39.6% 35.4% similar form of childcare facility was slight- mothers of foreign nationality. The percent- was not German required remedial help to 50 Non-Austrian 41,973 50.0% 34.8% 15.1% 26.7% 22.2% 51.2% ly higher than that of children of foreign na- age of working Turkish mothers – 37% – was achieve (German) language skills consist- 40 Former Yugoslavia 12,013 51.1% 34.7% 14.2% 29.4% 24.8% 45.8% 0,9 tionality. For example, in 2011, around 44% particularly small. ent with their age. Linguistic deficits were 30 Turkey 6,346 43.8% 40.7% 15.6% 18.3% 18.6% 63.1% of all 2-year-old children whose parents As more Austrian mothers (40%) than moth- most prominent in the case of Turkish chil- 20 0,8Other 23,614 51.2% 33.3% 15.5% 27.5% 21.8% 50.7% were Austrian attended a nursery school; ers of foreign nationality (22%) work part dren (82%). Only one in two of Bosnian, Ser- 10 0,7 this was the case for only 40% of children time, fewer Austrian than foreign children bian and Croatian children required such help. 0 0,6 of parents of foreign nationality. This situa- require all day care. Q.: STATISTIK AUSTRIA, Kindertagesheimstatistik 2011. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0,5 tion was reversed when it came to children Attendance at kindergarten improves Age in years 0,4 of compulsory school age, so that more 6 One in four of children in day care language skills Indicator Children requiring remedial language help 2008 42 0,3 43 to 11-year-olds with foreign parents attend- facilities a non-German speaker The percentage of children who were not 2 by colloquial language and attendance at kindergarten ed childcare or mixed age day care facilities In 2011, slightly more than one quarter attending a kindergarten at the time of the S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, children‘s day care facility statistics 2011. 0,2 than their Austrian peers. (26%) of children in day care facilities were survey but were looked after by a childmin- 0,1 15.6% from non-German-speaking homes. At near- der or stayed at home and who required Percentages of children with a mother tongue other than 0,0 German 10.0% ly 32%, the percentage was considerably remedial language help was generally higher, German attending childcare facilities 2010–2011 Non-German 79.7% higher among children attending mixed at 50%, than that of children attending a kin- 58.1% age day care facilities than those at nurs- dergarten (23%). % 35 2010 2011 Bosnian, Croatian, 71.0% ery schools and kindergarten. In comparison Some 16% of children with German as first 30 Serbian 49.2 % 30.9% 30.7% 31.6% 0,35 with the previous year, there has only been language who did not attend a childcare facil- 92.8% 25 28.9% Turkish a rise in the proportion of children from non- ity required remedial help; the corresponding 26.2% 25.6% 26.3% 0,30 81.7% 24.1% 24.5% 23.9% 20 77.7% German-speaking homes at mixed age day figure for children with another first language 0,25 Other first language 55.0% care facilities, while there has been a slight was considerably more at 80%. There was a 15 0,20 80.0% decrease in the other childcare facilities. catch-up language requirement in the case of 10 Multilingual 93% of Turkish children and in the case of 71% 0,15 29.6% 5 Children whose day-to-day language is not of Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian children. 0,10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 % 0 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0 German need more remedial language help 2 Total Nursery schools Kindergartens Crèches Mixed-age 0,05 Children already attending a kindergarten A language skills monitoring survey of children facilities 0,00 Children who had not yet attended a kindergarten aged 4 ½–5 ½ years was conducted in spring S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, children‘s day care facility statistics 2010–2011. S.: BIFIE, language status survey (spring 2008); http://www.bifie.at/buch/455/5. Indicator Pupils at school in the school year 2011/2012 School pupils with a colloquial language other than Schooling and educational pathways 3 by type of school and nationality German 2007/08–2011/12 by type of school

Foreign school pupils less likely to of pupils at the new mid-level general educa- School pupils of foreign nationality Total Including attend schools providing a university tion schools (Mittelschulen). 21.3% Other entrance qualification (Matura) 3 In the school year 2011/2012, 25% and 22% Total school EU/EEA/ Form. Yugoslavia foreign Elementary school 23.2% A tenth of all pupils at school in the school respectively of pupils at elementary and sec- Type of school pupils Absolute In % CH (excl. Slovenia) Turkey countries 24.8% 1) year 2011/2012 were foreign nationals. ondary schools came from a non-German- All schools in total 1,119,009 111,441 10.0% 2.9% 3.5% 1.5% 2.0% 19.6% The percentage of foreign pupils at special speaking background. The proportion of pupils Elementary school 328,121 37,150 11.3% 3.4% 3.6% 1.7% 2.6% Secondary school 20.9% schools was nearly twice that (more than with a non-German-speaking background Secondary school 163,659 20,212 12.4% 2.6% 4.6% 2.5% 2.6% 21.7% Special school 13,748 2,530 18.4% 3.3% 6.2% 4.7% 4.1% 18%); these were predominantly nationals who attended schools providing a university 27.2% Polytechnic school 18,022 2,801 15.5% 3.1% 5.9% 3.0% 3.5% of former Yugoslavia (excluding Slovenia) entrance qualification was well below aver- Special school 27.8% and Turkey. The proportion of foreign pupils age (AHS: a good 15%, BHS: almost 14%), Mid-level gen. ed. school (Mittelschule) 56,615 8,345 14.7% 3.1% 5.3% 3.2% 3.1% 29.4% at schools providing a university entrance although the proportion of these pupils in Higher school of general education (AHS) 199,890 15,473 7.7% 3.6% 2.1% 0.5% 1.5% 20.6% Vocational school 134,282 9,622 7.2% 2.1% 3.1% 1.2% 0.8% Polytechnic qualification was well below average (AHS: these schools is gradually increasing. 23.2% Mid-level vocational school (BMS) 56,398 5,638 10.0% 2.5% 4.3% 1.4% 1.7% school 8% and BHS: 7%). Foreign nationals from es) was considerably smaller. Less than 1% 25.5% the EU, EEA and Switzerland attending the 13% of pupils with a non-German-speaking of German-speaking pupils and approx. 2% Higher level vocational school (BHS) 148,274 9,670 6.5% 2.0% 2.9% 0.6% 1.0% 1) 44 higher schools of general education (AHS) background leave school without of youngsters with a non-German-speaking S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, school statistics. – Not including teacher-training schools and healthcare schools 45 and academies. New 27.5% outnumbered pupils from former Yugoslavia obtaining a school leaving certificate 6 background attending this type of school left ”Mittelschule“ 27.4% (excluding Slovenia) and Turkey. Looking at the school attendance of pupils school before 9th grade and thus did not ob- Indicator Pupils leaving after 8th grade 2008 and 2011 after the 8th grade, it is apparent that there tain a school leaving certificate. 12.5% 6 by colloquial language and type of school AHS 14.1% Pupils whose day-to-day language are major differences with regard to the final In the past three years, the proportion of 15.3% is not German form particularly high type of school attended and the colloquial students, who have not continued their ed- % 18 Pupils not completing any further academic educa- 8.1% percentage in special schools language of the pupils. Around 13% of pupils ucation after the 8th grade, has decreased tion in the 2008/09 school year after completing 16 Vocational school 8.8% The type of school attended frequently corre- with a non-German-speaking background considerably. This concerns non-German- the 8th grade in the 2007/08 school year 10.6% 14 14.9% lates with the German language skills of the who completed 8th grade in 2010/2011 at a speaking students more significantly than Pupils not completing any further academic educa- 12 children of immigrant families. Children who secondary school did not continue their edu- German-speaking students. For example, the 12.9% tion in the 2011/12 school year after completing 15.7% 10 do not use German at home at the time of cation in 2011/12 (at least not in Austria). In the proportion of “secondary school dropouts” the 8th grade in the 2010/11 school year BMS 18.2% 8 enrolling at school are thus often forced to case of their German-speaking peers, only 4% with a non-German language decreased by 20.3% 6 2007/08 begin their education at a special school rath- left education before completing 9th grade 2% between 2008 and 2011, while this fig- 10.0% 4 2009/10 er than a standard elementary school. More and thus failed to obtain a school leaving. ure was only 0.5% among German-speaking 4.5% 4.0% BHS 0,16 11.7% 2 1.0% 0.8% 2011/12 2.7% 1.7% 0,14 13.6% than 29% of all pupils at special schools in young people. 0 the school year 2011/12 came from non- The proportion of early school leavers among German Other language German Other language 0 0,12 5 10 15 20 25 30 % 0,00 0,05 0,10 0,15 0,20 0,25 0,30 German-speaking families. They also consti- those who attended 8th grade at a higher Secondary school AHS (lower classes) 0,10 0,08 tuted a similarly high proportion (a good 27%) school of general education (AHS, lower class- S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, school statistics. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, school statistics. 0,06 0,04 0,02 0,00 Numbers of foreign students at public universities Degrees of foreign students 2010/11 Indicator Regularly matriculated foreign students at Students at institutes of higher education and universities of applied sciences 1991/92–2011/12 by field of study 4 public universities in winter semester 2011/12

Numbers and proportions of foreign and Slovakia. Also among the foreign stu- Foreign students most frequently study 70,000 Non-European countries Germany Regularly matriculated foreign students at Theology 29% 10% 38% Other European countries students in Austria increased sharply dents were about 10% from the successor theology and medicine 60,000 public universities Veterinary medicine 27% 3% The number of foreign students studying states of Yugoslavia (excluding Slovenia) and In the 2010/11 academic year, a total of about Foreign students at universities of applied sciences Medicine 23% Turkey in Austria has been continuously on the in- 5% from Turkey. A good 10% of all foreign 27,400 students completed their education 50,000 Natural sciences 21% 5% crease in the past. There was a brief decline students, or 6,500 individuals, came from at academic universities in Austria. Among Former Yugoslavia 40,000 Humanities 18% in numbers when tuition fees were intro- much further afield to acquire qualifications these were 4,700 foreign nationals (17%). Social and (excl. Slovenia) 17% 10% duced in 2001. While there were somewhat in Austria. The largest proportion was made There was a particularly high proportion of 30,000 economic sciences Technology 15% more than 20,000 foreign nationals attend- up of nationals from Asian countries (some non-Austrians among the graduates of the- 20,000 Italy Natural resources 13% Other EU/EEA/CH ing an Austrian university in the early 1990s, 4,400 students) followed by students from ology (29%), veterinary medicine (27%) and and life sciences 22% 12% Mining and metallurgy 7% the current figure is more than three times America (almost 1,300 people). medicine (23%). However, the number of 10,000 Law 6% S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, institutes of higher education statistics as high. In winter semester 2011/12, almost non-Austrians was also above the average 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 % 64,000 foreign students were matriculated at Number of German students has of all degree branches in the field of natural 70000 1991/921993/94 1995/96 1997/98 1999/00 2001/022003/042005/062007/082009/102011/12 Foreign students in tertiary education 2010 in Austrian universities; this represents a good increased five-fold over the past 10 years sciences. On the other hand, particularly few Winter semester 23% of all students studying in Austria. In Over the last 10 years, there have been sig- foreign nationals completed a law degree 60000selected European countries 46 S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, institutes of higher education statistics. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, institutes of higher education statistics 47 2011/12, there were also a further 5,200 for- nificant increases in the numbers of foreign (6%) or a mining and metallurgy degree (7%). 50000 eign students enrolled at universities of ap- students of almost every nationality. Thus, in Indicator Regularly matriculated foreign students at public universities Liechtenstein 88.6% plied sciences, representing 13% of the 2011/12, there were almost twice as many 40000 Luxembourg 53.0% The attractiveness of studying in 4 2001/02–2011/12 by nationality Cyprus 34.6% student body at these institutes. Turkish nationals and nationals of successor Austria from the point of view of for- Switzerland 21.7% 30000 UK 21.6% states of Yugoslavia at Austrian universities eign students is apparent in European Austria 19.6% 25,000 71% of foreign students come from in comparison with the situation 10 years comparison. In 2010, foreign students 20000 Belgium 12.4% 24,333 France 11.6% EU and EEA countries 4 ago. Most apparent was the increase in the at the tertiary level (i.e. beyond the uni- 2001/02 10000 Denmark 10.9% 20,000 Germany 10.3% In winter semester 2011/2012, some 45,500 number of German students. There were al- versity entrance qualification level) in 2011/12 Sweden 9.9% students originating from EU and EEA coun- most five times as many as there were in Austria constituted almost 20% of the 0 Czech 25000 Republic 8.0% tries and Switzerland attended public Aus- winter semester 2001/02. This effect is not students studying in this country. There 15,000 The Netherlands 7.5% 7.0% were higher percentages only in the ti- 13,737 Norway trian universities. The majority was German so much attributable to greater utilisation of Spain 5.3% (24,300 students); they represented approx. the tertiary education options by the German ny principalities of Liechtenstein (89%) 10,000 20000 Portugal 5.0% and Luxembourg (53%) and also in Cy- Hungary 4.7% 38% of all foreign students in Austria. Another nationals already living in Austria but rather to 8,527 Greece 4.2% 7,381 prus (35%), Switzerland and UK (both al- 6,538 Slovakia 3.6% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 large group was made up of Italians, who the appeal that the idea of studying in Austria 5,000 5,880 6,441 15000 most 22%). 4,806 Italy 3.5% 1.9% mainly originated from South Tyrol (7,400 has for German students. 1,464 3,190 3,342 Slovenia 2,649 613 2,161 Poland 0.9% students). But there were more than 1,000 0 10000 Germany Italy Other EU/EEA countries Former Yugoslavia Turkey Other countries Non-European 0 20 40 60 80 100 % students in each case from the EU member (including Switzerland) (excl. Slovenia) in Europe countries countries Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania 5000 S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, institutes of higher education statistics S.: EUROSTAT. 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 0 Indicator Level of education of the population in the age range 25–64 years in 2012 Educational level of immigrants 5 by migration background status

With migration background No migration First Second Form. Yugoslavia Other Total population background Total generation generation EU/EEA/CH (excl. Slovenia) Turkey countries Absolute (in 1,000s) 4,675.8 3,707.1 968.6 864.4 104.2 476.9 330.6 151.2 155.6 Level of education of the population in the same age range. A good 17% of im- Level of education of the second Compul. schooling 15.6% 12.0% 29.3% 30.3% 21.0% 9.5% 36.4% 64.2% 23.3% People with a migration background living in migrants had acquired a qualification at a generation becoming aligned with Apprenticeship, BMS 53.6% 58.3% 35.8% 34.1% 50.0% 41.2% 45.3% 25.0% 20.7% Vocational school (AHS, BHS, college) 15.4% 14.8% 17.7% 17.7% 18.1% 23.0% 13.8% 8.0% 20.8% Austria have a significantly different educa- university, university of applied sciences or that of the Austrian population 5 University, UAS, academies1) 15.4% 14.9% 17.2% 18.0% 10.9% 26.3% 4.5% (2.8%) 35.2% tional profile in comparison with those with academy; this was the case for only approx. Although the educational profile of the first Absolute, males (in 1,000s) 2,326.4 1,868.5 457.8 403.4 54.4 216.6 161.5 78.1 71.7 no such background. Immigrants are thus 15% of the population without migration generation differs greatly from that of those Compul. schooling 11.4% 8.0% 25.3% 26.3% 18.2% 7.5% 27.8% 55.1% 23.4% overproportionally represented in the strata background. Only very few immigrants from without a migration background, the level of Apprenticeship, BMS 59.1% 63.1% 42.5% 41.1% 53.5% 45.5% 55.5% 33.8% 22.7% with both the highest and lowest levels of ed- former Yugoslavia (excluding Slovenia) and education of the second generation is already Vocational school (AHS, BHS, college) 15.0% 14.6% 16.5% 16.2% 18.5% 22.2% 12.9% 8.7% 20.3% ucation, while the native Austrian population Turkey had a university degree, but there clearly becoming aligned with that of the University, UAS, academies1) 14.6% 14.3% 15.7% 16.5% (9.8%) 24.9% 3.7% (2.4%) 33.7% most commonly has an intermediate level of was a high proportion of academics among Austrian population. Hence, the percentage Absolute, females (in 1,000s) 2,349.4 1,838.6 510.8 461.0 49.8 260.3 169.2 73.0 83.9 education in terms of vocational and academ- people from other EU/EEA countries and of members of the second immigrant gener- Compul. schooling 19.7% 16.1% 32.8% 33.8% 24.0% 11.3% 44.6% 73.9% 23.2% ic qualifications (which is specifically charac- Switzerland (26%) and from other countries ation aged 25–64 years who had only com- Apprenticeship, BMS 48.2% 53.4% 29.7% 27.9% 46.0% 37.6% 35.5% 15.7% 19.1% Vocational (AHS, BHS, college) 15.8% 15.0% 18.9% 19.0% 17.8% 23.7% 14.6% (7.2%) 21.2% 48 teristic of Austria). (35%). pleted mandatory schooling was 21%; this 49 University, UAS, academies1) 16.2% 15.6% 18.6% 19.3% 12.2% 27.4% 5.3% (3.2%) 36.5% This difference with regard to education has percentage is much lower than that of their remained relatively constant over time, al- Twice as many immigrants tend to have parents (30%). The percentage with profes- S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, microcensus employment figures 2012, annual average over all weeks. – 1) Incl. university courses. – ( ) Figures based on samples of less than 6,000 people are subject to a high level of random error and cannot be accurately interpreted statistically. though there has been a significant improve- only a school leaving certificate 5 sional and vocational qualifications was much ment in the level of education of both the Immigrants are also overrepresented at the higher in the case of those with migration Changes to level of education of the population aged 25–64 years in 1971–2012 by nationality native Austrian and the immigrant population. opposite end of the educational spectrum, background born in Austria versus those not In the case of the immigrant population, this that of poor educational qualifications. While born in Austria (50% and 34% respectively), improvement in the years 1991–2012 was in 2012 just 12% of Austrians aged 25–64 and was not far off the corresponding per- 1971 57.4% 34.0% 5.9% 2.8%

mainly attributable to the arrival of highly years had only a school leaving certificate centage (58%) among the population with Austrians 1991 32.2% 51.7% 9.3% 6.8% qualified people from other EU countries. as best qualification, this was the case for no migration background. The percentage more than twice as many people with a of members of the second generation hold- 2012 13.8% 56.7% 15.0% 14.6% Highest qualification from: More than a third of immigrants hold a migration background (with a good 29%). ing a university entrance or academic qualifi- University, UAS, academy 1971 69.2% 17.1% 9.3% 4.4% university entrance qualification 5 Most immigrants from Turkey (64%) had not cation differed only slightly from that of the AHS, BHS While around 30% of 25- to 64-year-olds progressed beyond mandatory schooling. population without migration background; at Non-Austrians 1991 58.6% 22.7% 10.4% 8.3% Apprenticeship, BMS without a migration background had a univer- But a good 36% of people in the same age nearly 29%, this was lower than the corre- 2012 27.2% 34.2% 18.1% 20.4% Compul. schooling sity entrance qualification or academic qual- range from former Yugoslavia (excluding Slo- sponding figure for the first immigrant gen- 0 20 40 60 80 100 % ification in 2012, this was the case for 35% venia) had also not progressed beyond the eration (36%). of all people with a migration background mandatory schooling stage. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, censuses (1971 and 1991), microcensus employment figures 2012, annual average over all weeks.

0 20 40 60 80 100 Work and employment

50 Indicator Employment rates 2012 Indicator Employment rates among women aged 20–59 years in 2012 Employment 7 by age and migration background status 7 by lifestyle and migration background status

100 100 90 Lower employment rates among background (70%). Only a minority of Turk- rate in this age group among people from EU/ 90 34% 36% 30% 37% 80 80 42% 43% immigrants 7 ish women (43%) and roughly half of women EEA countries and Switzerland (49%), while 55% 56% 49% People from a migration background less fre- from other third countries (54%) together it was particularly low among the population 70 70 60 100 60 quently have a paid occupation than Austrians. with 60% of those from former Yugoslavia with a Turkish migration background (24%), 33% 50 90 50 28% 42% The employment rate among people aged (excluding Slovenia) had paid occupations. especially in the case of women (13%). 19%

In % of women of same age with 45% 40 No migration background 80 40 35% 36% 15–64 years with a migration background in status background migration same 22% 22% 30 EU/EEA/CH 70 30 2012 was 66%; that of the population with- Fewer mothers with migration back- Form. Yugoslavia (excl. Slovenia) An analysis of employment figures 20 20 37% Turkey 60 35% 32% out a migration background was 74%. This ground in work 7 23% in the rest of the EU shows that the em- 10 Other countries 50 10 20% 23% 19% 24% 21% difference can be mainly attributed to the In 2012, of women in the age range 20–59 ployment rates of 15- to 64-year-old non- 0 40 0 lower rate of female employment among im- EU citizens in 2012 in the Czech Republic years, about 20% without migration back- 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 years Total No MH With MH Total No MH With MH Total No MH With MH In % of population of same age with same migration background status background migration same with age same of population of % In 30 Total women Women with children Women without children 100 migrants (59% versus 70%), although em- and Cyprus (both 73%) and in Estonia, ground but 35% with migration background 20 Latvia and Slovenia (between 61% and S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, microcensus employment figures Full time Part time Not in Work 90 ployment is also slightly lower among male were not in work. There were also more Aus- 2012, annual average over all weeks. – Population in private 10 households. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, microcensus employment figures 2012, annual average over all weeks. – Population in private households. 80 immigrants (73% versus 79%). However, 63%) were particularly high. The cor- trian women in part time employment (36% 0 52 the population with a migration background responding rate in Austria (60%) was of all women) than immigrant women (28%). 70 53 is a very heterogeneous group. The employ- above the average for the EU (54%). In Women with children more frequently had Indicator Employment rate of women 2012 Indicator Employment rates 2012 60 ment rate among those from EU/EEA coun- some instances the employment rates of part time jobs (42%) than women without 7 by age and migration background status 7 by gender and migration background status 50 non-EU citizens were considerably lower, tries and Switzerland (with 72%) together children (22%). There were significant differ- 40 as in Belgium (36%), Sweden (44%) and 30 with people from former Yugoslavia (66%) ences with regard to employment status be- France (46%). 100 100 20 was considerably higher than that of people tween mothers without and with a migration 90 90 Total Men Women 100 10 with a Turkish migration background (56%). background. Nearly one third of all mothers, 80 80 90 0 The employment rate of people from other Age-related differences in employment irrespective of migration background status, 70 70 78% 79% 78% 73% 74% 73% 80 70% 72% 72% 69% 70% third countries was 61%. rates 7 were in full time employment. Mothers with- 60 60 67% 66% 67% 66% 70 59% 60% 61% The employment rate of the population aged out migration background were far more 50 50 56% 60 54% Relatively few Turkish women have paid less than 55 years with a migration back- commonly in part time employment (45% 40 40 No migration background 50 43% occupations 7 ground was below that of the corresponding vs. 33% in the case of immigrant mothers); 30 EU/EEA/CH 30 40 The participation of women in the employ- group of Austrians. Only in the age range a large proportion of mothers with a migra- 20 Form. Yugoslavia (excl. Slovenia) 20 Turkey 30 ment market varied by country of origin. 55–64 years was the percentage of immi- tion background were not in work (37% vs. 10 % status in background migration same the with 10 Other countries 20 On the one hand, the employment rates of grants in work (41%) similar to that of the 19% in the case of Austrian mothers). 0 0 In % of women of same age with same migration background status 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 Jahre 10 women from EU/EEA countries and Switzer­ corresponding group without migration back- Total No migration With migration EU/EEA/ Form. Yugoslavia Turkey Other countries

0 and gender same the population of working the of Percentage background background CH (excl. Slovenia) 100 land (67%) were only slightly lower than ground (43%). This applied both to men and S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, microcensus employment figures 90 that of Austrian women without migration women. There was a higher employment 2012, annual average over all weeks. – Population in private households. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, microcensus employment figures 2012, annual average over all weeks. – Population in private households. 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Occupational status of those with paid occupations in 2012 Occupational status of those with paid occupations in Occupational status by migration background status 2012 by immigrant generation

Turkish and ex-Yugoslav immigrants Austrians (14%) in 2012. However, the rate Employed Self-employed Public First immigrant generation work mainly in manual trades of self-employment among people from EU/ service off./ In 2012, people with a migration background EEA countries and Switzerland was similar In work Manual Office Contract Ind. Not in In Total Total Workers Workers Workers Contractors Total Agriculture Agriculture Self-employed not were largely (45%) employed in manual to that of people without a migration back- in agriculture Migration background status in 1.000s in % of all people with paid occupations and same migration background status Self-employed in trades, while manual workers without a mi- ground. Looking at rates of self-employment 10,0% Total 4,183.8 86.7% 27.2% 47.9% 10.6% 1.0% 13.3% 9.1% 4.2% Independent contractors agriculture 0,3% gration background accounted for just 23%. outside agriculture only (the percentage of No migration background 3,419.5 85.9% 23.3% 49.2% 12.4% 1.0% 14.1% 9.0% 5.1% 1,4% Public service officials, Among those without a migration background, immigrants in this sector is extremely low), With migration background 764.3 90.3% 44.7% 41.9% 2.8% 1.1% 9.7% 9.4% 0.2% occupations such as white collar workers and there is no overall difference in the rate for contract workers EU/EEA/CH 282.9 85.1% 25.3% 54.8% 3.3% (1.7%) 14.9% 14.4% (0.4%) 2,0% public servants prevailed (62% in total). immigrants and that of the population with- EU/EEA/CH 260.0 96.1% 62.6% 31.2% (2.0%) (0.4%) 3.9% 3.9% (0.0%) Manual workers There were particularly high percentages out migration background (both 9%). It was Turkey 111.1 92.4% 62.7% 27.6% (1.8%) (0.3%) 7.6% 7.6% (0.0%) of manual workers from Turkey and former only in the case of immigrants from former 47,0% Other countries 110.3 88.1% 34.0% 48.0% (4.3%) (1.8%) 11.9% 11.6% (0.3%) Office workers Yugoslavia (excluding Slovenia; 63% each). Yugoslavia (4%) that self-employment was 39,0% Q.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, microcensus employment figures 2012, annual average over all weeks. – Population in There were also considerable gender-specific particularly uncommon, especially among private households – ( ) Figures based on samples of less than 6,000 people are subject to a high level of random differences in professional occupation among women. and 39% of women from the first generation error and cannot be accurately interpreted statistically. 54 the immigrant population: About half of immi- of immigrants are manual workers, this pro- 55 grant women (51%) worked in a white col- The occupational status of the second portion decreases in the second generation Indicator Rate of self-employed people1) 2012 lar position, while this was only about a third generation is becoming aligned with that of immigrants to 43% of men and just 16% 8 by migration background status and gender Second immigrant generation (34%) in the case of immigrant men. On the of the population without a migration of women. The convergence of the structure Self-employed not Self-employed in other hand, male migrants were consider- background of occupational status between the second % 20 Total Males Females in agriculture agriculture ably more frequently employed as manual The occupational status of those with paid generation of immigrants and the popula- 6,0% 0,3% Independent contractors workers (52%) than their female counter- occupations in the second immigrant genera- tion without a migration background is also 15 parts (36%). This is also quite a similar case tion is very different from that of the first gen- seen in the proportion of civil servants: While 2,0% Public service officials, among the population without a migration eration and is becoming aligned with that of 12% of the population without a migration contract workers 10 Manual workers background. The proportion of male manual the population without migration background. background are civil servants, this proportion 6,0% 30,0% 2) workers without a migration background was For example, the percentage of those in man- is only 2% in the first generation of immi- 31%, while women without a migration back- ual trades in the population without migration grants, but is at already 6% in the second 5

2) Office workers ground accounted for just 15% of manual background is 23%: The corresponding figure generation. The percentage of women work- 2) positions. for the first immigrant generation is 47% but ing as public service officials is higher in both 0 57,0% Total No migration With migration EU/EEA/CH Form. Yugoslavia Turkey Other the second generation only 30%. However, the first and second immigrant generations background background (excl. Slovenia) countries Fewer self-employed immigrants 8 the lower number manual workers in the sec- (3% to 1% in the first and 7% to 4% in the People with migration background (10%) ond generation of immigrants is a very gender- second generation of immigrants). S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, microcensus employment figures 2012, annual average over all weeks. – Population in private were far less frequently self-employed than specific phenomenon: While 54% of men households – 1) Self-employed people not in agriculture. – 2) Figures based on samples of less than 6,000 people19,999998 are S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, microcensus employment figures 2012, subject to a high level of random error and cannot be accurately interpreted statistically. annual average over all weeks. – Population in private households.

14,999998

9,999999

4,999999

0,000000 Those with paid occupations in 2012 Proportions of employed people with a migration background in 2012 Occupations and sectors by sector, migration background status and immigrant generation as a percentage of all employed people by sector and gender

Those with paid occupations Without With migration background Men migration Total Employment of foreigners in Austria slightly different. They also worked most Industry background Total First generation Second generation Women Manufacturer In 2012, 13% of those in paid occupations frequently in manufacturing (16%) and com- Total (in 1,000s) 3,419.5 764.3 652.8 111.6 in Austria were of foreign nationality, among merce (15%), followed by the construction All sectors 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Commerce which the greatest groups included foreign industry (12%) and hospitality and gastrono- Manufacturing 15.7% 16.3% 16.6% 14.7% Health and social care nationals from the 26 EU countries and peo- my (12%). But there were major differences Commerce 14.9% 15.1% 13.5% 24.6% Construction ple from former Yugoslavia (5% respectively) between the generations. First generation Health and social care 9.4% 9.5% 9.5% 9.4% 1) Public administration, defence and Turkey (2%). immigrants worked most commonly in man- Construction 8.4% 12.2% 12.6% 10.0% In 2012, 18% of those in paid employment ufacturing (17%), commerce (14%), the con- Public administration, defence 7.6% 2.0% 1.7% (3.8%) Education had a migration background; 16% belonged struction industry (13%) and tourism (13%), Hospitality, gastronomy 5.1% 11.9% 12.9% 6.4% 1) Agriculture and forestry 1) to the first immigrant generation and 3% to while those of the second generation more Education 6.8% 4.2% 4.2% (4.2%) Liberal professions, science, technology the second immigrant generation. frequently had jobs in commerce (25%) and Liberal professions, science, technology 5.6% 4.7% 4.4% 6.3% less commonly in the construction industry Hospitality, gastronomy Transport 4.8% 5.9% 5.9% 5.4% 56 (10%), the health sector (9%) and gastron- 57 The quota regulations that applied to the Agriculture and forestry 5.8% (0.6%) (0.7%) (0.2%) Transport employment of nationals of third coun- omy (6%). Financial services and insurance 3.9% 2.1% 2.0% (2.6%) Financial services and insurance tries in Austria were replaced in 2011 Service industry 2.4% 6.7% 7.0% (5.2%) by the Red-White-Red Card system. Major differences in rates of employment Information, communication 1) Personal services 2.6% 2.4% 2.4% (2.0%) This is designed to facilitate the entry of foreigners in the various sectors Information, communication 2.7% 1.5% 1.4% (2.0%) Service industry of highly-qualified workers in shortage The service industry, including sectors such industry (22%); this was the case for women Arts and entertainment 1.7% 2.1% 2.1% (1.7%) Personal services occupations, other skilled workers, uni- as industrial cleaning, temping agencies and in the manufacturing industry (22%). Sectors Water and power supply and disposal 1.2% (0.6%) (0.5%) (0.7%) versity graduates and self-employed vehicle leasing, was again in 2012 the sector with low numbers of foreign workers were Art, entertainment Real estate 0.9% 0.9% 0.9% (0.7%) skilled workers. 1) with the highest proportion of workers with the finance and insurance industry (11%), Water and power supply and disposal Household personnel 0.2% (0.5%) (0.6%) (0.1%) 1) a migration background (38%), whereby the public administration and defence (6%) and 1) Real estate First and second immigrant generations percentage of women (43%) here was sig- agriculture and forestry (2%). Mining 0.2% (0.1%) (0.2%) (0.0%) 1) 1) work in different sectors nificantly greater than that of men (30%). In International organisations (0.0%) (0.6%) (0.7%) (0.1%) Mining 1) Those in paid occupations without a migration the tourist industry, the sector with the sec- Household personnel 1) 0 10 20 30 40 50 background in 2012 worked most frequent- ond largest proportion of immigrant workers 0 10 20 30 40 50 % ly in manufacturing (16%), commerce (15%), (34%), men predominated (41% vs. 30% health and social care (9%) and the construc- women). Men with a migration background S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, microcensus employment figures 2012, annual average over all S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, microcensus employment figures 2012, annual average over all weeks. – tion industry (8%). The corresponding profile were overproportionally represented in the weeks. – Population in private households – Sectors listed by numbers of person employed. – Population in private households – Sectors listed by numbers of person employed. – 1) Figures based of those with a migration background was construction industry (26%) and the transport ( ) Figures based on samples of less than 6,000 people are subject to a high level of random on samples of less than 6,000 people are subject to a high level of random error and cannot be error and cannot be accurately interpreted statistically. accurately interpreted statistically. Indicator Unemployment rates in 2012 Indicator Employment rates in 2012 Qualifications 9 by nationality and qualifications 10 by nationality and highest level of education

Compul. Apprentice- AHS, BHS, 3% 3% Nationality Total) schooling ship, BMS university % 100 Employed people from Turkey and ex-Yu- was particularly the case for women from 15% 7% 20% 13% goslavia tend to be less well qualified 10 countries that had joined the EU since 2004 Total 7.0% 15.5% 5.9% 3.7% 30% 80 15% 18% 38% In 2012, only one third (34%) of those in paid (40%) and women from the countries of for- Austrian 6.5% 14.4% 6.0% 3.8% 18% occupations and of foreign nationality had mer Yugoslavia (36%). Overqualification is Non-Austrian 9.7% 18.1% 5.5% 3.4% 43% 60 25% 17% completed an apprenticeship or acquired a more common in the first immigrant gener- EU/EEA/CH 6.7% 13.8% 5.8% 3.7% 57% 34% mid-level vocational qualification; this was ation than in the second (29% vs. 15%) and Form. Yugoslavia (excl. 10.9% 17.1% 5.4% 2.0% 40 72% 22% considerably lower than the correspond- women are again more frequently affected in Slovenia) 37% 41% ing figure for Austrians (57%). The percent- this respect than men (33% vs. 26%). Turkey 13.8% 21.4% 5.1% 2.6% 20 27% 2) 23% age of foreign nationals in paid occupations Other countries 15.8% 26.6% 3.9% 4.0% 14% 8% 0 who held only a school leaving certificate Recognition of foreign qualifications 1) S.: AMS Austria, employment market survey/statistics, employment market monitoring. – Austrian Non-Austrian EU/EEA/CH Former Yugoslavia Turkey Other countries was more than twice that (27%) of Austrians foreigners with an education not exceeding The National Information Centre for Academic 1) AMS employment market data. – 2) Excluding people of unknown nationality. (excluding Slovenia) (14%). Some 72% of those of Turkish origin mandatory schooling were affected by un- Recognition, ENIC NARIC Austria, is the offi- University AHS, BHS Apprenticeship, BMS Compulsory schooling and 41% of those from former Yugoslavia employment, but only 14% of the Austrian cial welcome desk and contact point for all is- Evaluations of foreign university degrees in 2010 S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, microcensus employment figures 2012, annual average over all weeks. – Population in private (excluding Slovenia) had only a school leaving comparative group. Rates of unemployment sues of international recognition of academic and 2012 by nationality households aged 25–64 years, including those doing military and civilian service – 1) Excluding people of unknown nationality. 100 58 certificate. were particularly high among Turks (21%) and qualifications and titles. It is part of the in- 59 There was also a marked difference with re- those of other nationalities (27%) who had ternational ENIC network (European Network Percentages of overqualified working people in 2008by gender and migration background status Hungary 55 80 spect to the proportions of academics among completed compulsory schooling only. With of Information Centers, founded by Europarat 284 Russian Federation 158 the working populations of foreign nationals 6%, the unemployment rate of immigrants and UNESCO) and NARIC (National Academ- 233 % 40 Romania 111 60 and Austrians. While 30% of citizens of other with better qualifications was in a similar ic Recognition Information Center, founded 196 Total Poland 94 EU countries working in Austria and 38% of range to that of the corresponding Austrian by the European Union). 181 Men Serbia 62 33% 40 those from non-EU countries held academic population. In 2012, ENIC NARIC Austria carried out 155 30 Women 32% Bosnia and Herzegovina 26 29% qualifications, rates higher than that for Aus- 2,655 evaluations of foreign university de- 101 28% 26% Slovakia 61 trians (15%), the corresponding percentages High percentage of overqualified workers grees (2011: 2,073; 2010: 1,396). The most 95 25% 20 20 Bulgaria 60 among Turks and those from former Yugosla- among the immigrant population frequent countries of origin in 2012 were 85 Turkey 48 via were very low (3% each). More than one quarter of the working pop- Hungary (284 degrees), the Russian Feder- 74 17% 0 15% 15% ulation in 2008 born outside Austria (28%) ation (233), Romania (196), Poland (181) and Germany 165 14% 72 10 13% 12% 11% Unemployment rates higher for was overqualified; only 10% of those born Serbia (155). Furthermore, an above-average Egypt 46 10% 66 8% foreign nationals despite higher level in Austria felt that they were in an occupa- proportion of graduates from Bosnia and Iran 32 53 Evaluations 2010: 1,396 of education 9 tion that was not consistent with their quali- Herzegovina, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Turkey and Spain 30 Evaluations 2012: 2,665 0 Irrespective of their level of education, foreign fications. In general, women were employed Germany had their university qualifications 44 Total No With First Second 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 migration background migration background immigrant generation immigrant generation nationals tend to be more frequently unem- more frequently in jobs for which they were evaluated. ployed than Austrians. For example, 18% of overqualified than men (32% vs. 25%). This S.: BMWF, ENIC NARIC Austria – National Information Centre for S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, microcensus employment figures, ad hoc module “Work and living status of immigrants in Academic Recognition Austria” – second quarter of 2008. 0,40 0,35 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0,30 0,25 0,20 0,15 0,10 0,05 0,00 Indicator Unemployment rates 2008–2012 Indicator Long term unemployment 2008–2012 Indicator Youth unemployment 2008–2012 Unemployment and retraining 9 by nationality 11 by nationality 12 by nationality

Immigrants more frequently Higher rates of youth unemployment In addition to providing better qualifications, % 16 % 4 % 20 unemployed 9 among foreign nationals 12 retraining courses also cause a fall in the un- 14 The overall unemployment rate (national The unemployment rate (national definition) employment rate as those on such courses 12 3 15 definition) was 7.0% in 2012 (up by 0.3 per- of those aged 15–24 years was 7.6% in 2012, are not included in the unemployment sta- 10 Austrian Austrian Austrian Österreich centage points on 2011). However, the unem- up by 0.3 percentage points on the previous tistics. This course-related fall was more Non-Austrian Non-Austrian Non-Austrian 8 2 Nicht-Österreich 10 ployment rate among foreigners (9.7%) was year. Non-Austrian nationals suffered the marked among immigrants (2.3 percentage EU/EEA/CH EU/EWR/Schweiz EU/EEA/CH Österreich EU/EEA/CH Österreich 6 Nicht-Österreich Nicht-Österreich much higher than that of Austrians (6.5%). most from the increase in the youth employ- points) than among Austrians (1.5 percentage Form. Yugoslavia Türkei Form. Yugoslavia Form. Yugoslavia ehem. Jugoslawien (ohne Slowenien) EU/EWR/Schweiz EU/EWR/Schweiz (excl. Slovenia) (excl. Slovenia) (excl. Slovenia) Irrespective of nationality, men are more fre- ment rate; this rose from 8.5% in 2011 to points). There was a particularly relevant ef- 4 1 Sonstige Staaten Türkei5 Türkei quently unemployed than women (7.4% vs. 8.9% in 2012. In the case of Austrian nation- fect in the case of Turkish job seekers (3.3 Turkey Turkey ehem. Jugoslawien (ohne Slowenien) Turkey ehem. Jugoslawien (ohne Slowenien) 2 Sonstige Staaten Sonstige Staaten 6.5%). The unemployment figures for Turks als, the rate was only 0.2 percentage points percentage points) and nationals of other Other countries1) Other countries1) Other countries1) 0 0 0 and nationals of third countries were twice above that of the previous year, at 7.4%. Of third countries (6.4 percentage points). 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 that (13.8% and 15.8% respectively) of the the young people from a state of former Yu- 16 20 corresponding figure for Austrians. Nationals goslavia (excluding Slovenia), 9.5% were out S.: AMS Austria, employment market survey/statistics, special S.: AMS4 Austria, employment market survey/statistics, special The overall unemployment rate in S.: AMS Austria, employment market survey/statistics, special analysis – Proportion registered unemployed people out of work analysis. – Proportion of 15–24 year olds registered unemployed 1) 14 1) 1) from countries of former Yugoslavia (exclud- of work, while this figure was 8.5% for those Austria in 2012 according to the inter- analysis. – Excluding people of unknown nationality. for more than 365 days to all employed people. – Excluding to employed people of the same age. – Excluding people of 60 people of unknown nationality. unknown nationality. 61 ing Slovenia) had an unemployment rate of of Turkish nationality. In comparison with the national definition was 4.4%; 3.8% in 12 3 15 10.9%. The 6.7% unemployment rate of na- low rate of unemployment for young people the case of Austrians and 8.8% for for- Indicator 10 tionals of EU/EEA countries and Switzerland from the EU, EEA and Switzerland (5.8%), eign nationals (6.5% for EU citizens and Unemployment rate 2012 People on retraining courses in 2012 8 2 10 was only slightly higher than that of Austrians. the rate for people from other third countries 10.7% for non-EU nationals). The unem- 9 by gender and nationality by nationality was particularly high (18.5%). ployment rate for foreign nationals in 6 Long term unemployment less common Austria is clearly below that for the EU % 12 4 1 Course participants Unemployment rate 2012 5 as a whole (17.8%). There were unem- among foreign nationals 11 More frequent retraining of unemployed 2 ployment rates similar to that in Austria 10 Without With On the basis of the national definition, 2.1% foreign nationals Change course course 9.7% 9.8% 9.7% 0 0 for immigrants in its neighbouring coun- Nationality 20110 2012 in % participants participants of all those registered as unemployed in Aus- After a severe decline of 13.6% in the num- 8 tries Switzerland (7.5%), whereby the Total 63,231 66,602 5.3 7.0% 8.6% tria in 2012 were without work for more than ber of people attending retraining courses be- 7.4% rate in Hungary (11.1%) and Germany 6 7.0% 6.9% Austrian 50,683 50,981 0.6 6.5% 8.0% 12 months (2011: 2.0%). Foreign nationals tween 2010 and 2011, there was an increase of 6.5% 6.5% (10.5%) was considerably higher. 6.0% are less frequently in long term unemploy- 5.3% between 2011 and 2012. This was pre- Non-Austrian 12,190 15,134 24.2 9.7% 12.0% 4 EU/EEA/CH 3,235 4,111 27.1 6.7% 8.0% ment than Austrians (1.2% vs. 2.3%). The dominantly due to the growth in non-Austrian Total long term unemployment rate among Turks jobseekers (+24.2%). 27.1% of people were 2 Former Yugoslavia 3,161 3,643 15.3 10.9% 12.8% Austrian (excluding Slovenia) was 1.4% and among people from former affected from EU countries, while the total Non-Austrian 0 Turkey 2,195 2,529 15.2 13.8% 17.1% Yugoslavia (excluding Slovenia) was 1.2%. from former Yugoslavia (excluding Slovenia) Total Male Female Other countries1) 3,600 4,851 34.8 15.8% 22.2% and Turkey was 15% each. 12 S.: AMS Austria, employment market survey/statistics, special analysis; own figures. – S.: AMS Austria, employment market survey/statistics; special analysis. 1) Excluding people of unknown nationality. 10

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0 Health and social issues

62 Indicator Net annual income1) (median) of those employed throughout Percentages of working population in the lowest income decile of Income and poverty 13 the years 2005, 2011 by nationality net annual incomes1) 2006, 2011 by nationality

25,000 13 % 20 Immigrants with lower income levels income of Austrians grew by almost 15% citizens of other third countries (36%) had 2005 2011 2009 (first decile = 9,458) 2010 (first decile = 9,445) 25000 0,20 Foreign nationals who were in continuous between 2005 and 2011, the corresponding the highest proportions here. These groups EUR 18.0%18.0% EUR

20,000 EUR employment throughout the year earned EUR figure for foreign nationals was only just 9%. of people were also particularly affected by 15 15.1% EUR 22,764 EUR 22,346 EUR 22,235 18,798 (median) in 2011. This was just 84% The lowest wage growth affected Turkish na- the increase in manifest poverty in compari- 15,000 EUR 20000 0,15 EUR 20,289 EUR 20,289 13.0% 19,745 EUR 19,422 EUR 12.2% 12.7% 18,798

18,687 10 of the mean net annual income in Austria tionals (6%) and other third countries (4%). son with 2006–2008. 18,197 11.4% 11.3% 11.4% 11.5% 18,132 11.3% Mean annual income in EUR in income annual Mean 17,305 EUR 17,305 17,279 EUR 17,078 EUR

16,750 EUR 16,750 15000

16,568 9.9% (EUR 22,346). Austrian nationals had EUR 10,000 15,926 EUR 9.7% 9.7% 0,10 22,764 at their disposal, while citizens of People of foreign nationality at greater Welfare payments help prevent poverty, 5 5,000 10000 countries that joined the EU before 2004, the risk of slipping into poverty 14 also among foreign nationals 0,05 other EEA countries and Switzerland earned On average in 2009–2011, 12% of the pop- The welfare system halved the risk of poverty 0 05000 only slightly less than the average income. ulation was at risk of poverty and about 6% in Austria on average in 2009–2011. While Total Austrian Non- EU countries pre EU accession Form. Yugos- Turkey Other Austrian Non- EU countries pre EU accession Form. Yugos- Turkey Other Austrian 2004/EEA/CH countries lavia (excl. countries 0 Austrian 2004/EEA/CH countries lavia (excl. countries 0,00 The net annual income of nationals of the were affected by manifest poverty. In com- there was a 24% risk of poverty prior to pay- 2004/2007 Slovenia) 2004/2007 Slovenia) countries that had joined the EU since 2004, parison with the average for 2006–2008, the ment of welfare benefits, this fell to 12% S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, basis: data from general income report. – 1) Gross annual income per of former Yugoslavia (excluding Slovenia) and percentage at risk was unchanged, while the thereafter. The extent to which welfare pay- S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, basis: data from general income report. – 1) Gross annual income per Art. 25 Art. 25 Austrian Income Tax Laws less total social security contributions and income tax; excluding of Turkey had incomes that were about one percentage of people living in manifest pov- ments prevented poverty differed according Austrian Income Tax Laws less total social security contributions and income tax; excluding apprentices. apprentices. 64 sixth to almost one fifth lower than the av- erty increased by 1%. to nationality: There was a particularly high 65 erage. Nationals of other third countries had The population of foreign nationals was at effect on Turkish nationals (reduction of the Indicator Poverty risk and manifest poverty (rates) Poverty risk prior to and after receipt of welfare payments the lowest income (EUR 16,568 or 74% of considerably greater risk of poverty in 2009– risk of poverty from 74% to 44%) and on 14 2006–2011 by nationality 2006–2011 by nationality the average income). 2011 (26%) than the native Austrian popula- people from former Yugoslavia (excluding The income of 13% of foreigners who were tion (11%). The risk of slipping into poverty Slovenia) (reduction of 44% to 17%). % 80 Poverty risk prior to receipt of welfare payments employed throughout 2011 was in the low- was particularly high in the case of Turkish At risk of poverty Manifest poverty 70 Poverty risk after receipt of welfare payments est income decile (net annual income of less nationals (44%) and people from other third Nationality 2006/2008 2009/2011 2006/2008 2009/2011 60 than EUR 9,723); this was the case for only countries (47%). In comparison with 2006 to Total 12% 12% 5% 6% 50 slightly less than 10% of the Austrian popu- 2008, the increase in potential poverty was Austrian 11% 11% 4% 5% 40 lation in work over the full 12 months. Those particularly marked in the case of the Turkish Non-Austrian 25% 26% 13% 16% 30 with the lowest incomes working all year population, while the risk of slipping into pov- were frequently Turkish (15%) or came from erty for nationals of the successor states of EU/EEA/CH 15% 19% 6% 8% 20 other third countries (18%). Yugoslavia has decreased considerably since Former Yugoslavia (excluding Slovenia) 21% 17% 12% 11% 10 Turkey 38% 44% 15% 27% 0 this time. 2006/ 2009/ 2006/ 2009/ 2006/ 2009/ 2006/ 2009/ 2006/ 2009/ 2006/ 2009/ 2006/ 2009/ Wage gap has opened further A good 16% of foreign nationals were living Other countries 38% 47% 24% 36% 2008 2011 2008 2011 2008 2011 2008 2011 2008 2011 2008 2011 2008 2011 Since 2005, the differences in the wage levels in manifest poverty in 2009–2011, a figure Total Austrian Non-Austrian EU/EEA/CH Form. Yugoslavia Turkey Other countries (excl. Slovenia) between Austrian and foreign nationals have more than three times that for Austrian na- increased considerably: While the net annual tionals (just 5%). Turkish nationals (27%) and S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, EU-SILC 2006–2011. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, EU-SILC 2006–2011. 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,0 Indicator Life expectancy in years in 2012 Stillbirths and infant mortality 2012 by origin of the mother Life expectancy and mortality rates 15 by origin ‰ 8 10 Life expectancy at birth Stillbirths (for each 1,000 live births) 7 88 9 88 Infant mortality rate (for each 1,000 live births)

Years 8 6 86 86 7 5 84 5,5‰ 5,3‰ Life expectancy higher for those of In the comparison of life expectancy by ori- mortality rate among mothers from Turkey 84 5,1‰ 6 4 4,2‰ 82 4,4‰ 5 foreign origin 15 gin, people from EU and EEA countries and was particularly high with 5.1‰. On the other 82 88 4,0‰ 3 3,6‰ 4 Austrian citizens born in Austria had a life ex- Switzerland and from other third countries hand, the infant mortality rate associated 3,3‰ 3,2‰ 3,2‰ 3,1‰80 80 3,0‰ 86 pectancy at birth of 78.2 years (men) and 83.2 had a higher life expectancy than the native with mothers from EU/EEA countries and 2 2,7‰ 2,7‰ 3 78 78 2 years (women) in 2012. This represents an in- Austrian population. On the other hand, peo- Switzerland was only slightly higher than that 1 84 76 1 crease of 0.2 years (men), but a decline for ple from former Yugoslavia (excluding Slove- of Austrian mothers with 3.1‰. 76 0 82 women of 0.2 years in comparison with 2011. nia) and Turkey – apart from Turkish women Total Austrian Non- EU/EEA/CH Form. Yugoslavia Turkey Other countries 0 74 74 In 2012, people of foreign origin had a life ex- – had somewhat lower values in 2012 than Lower mortality rate of immigrants Austrian 80(excl. Slovenia) 0 72 pectancy of 78.5 years (men; i.e. slightly higher the native Austrian population. People from The mortality rate of people of foreign origin Men Women S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, statistics of natural population change – T78he infant mortality rate is that of infants who than that of Austrian men) and 83.4 (women; other third countries had the highest life ex- between the “employable” ages of 15–64 die within 12 months of birth. 76 i.e. slightly higher than that of Austrian wom- pectancy: 80.0 years for men and 85.8 years years is significantly lower than the native Life expectancy of population at age 65 years 24 66 67 en). While there has only been an increase of for women. Austrian population. For men, the difference 24 Relative age-specific mortality rates of people 2374of Austrian and foreign origin, Years 0.1 years for women in comparison with 2011, The differences in life expectancy of 65-year- is greatest in the age group 35–44 years; this average rates 2010 –2012 2272 there has been a decline of 0.4 years for men. olds were similar to those at birth. People difference is apparent in the case of women 22 21 from other third countries had an above- only in the 15–24 year age group. Only at 1.1 2420 average high life expectancy, while nationals age 65 years and over is the mortality rate 20 It has long been the subject of debate Reference population: Males and females of the same age 19 1.0 23 whether the statistically higher life ex- for the successor states of Yugoslavia (ex- of women of foreign origin higher and this of Austrian origin 2218 pectancy of people of foreign national- cluding Slovenia) had a below-average life is the case for men only at age 85 years and 18 0.9 17 ity is attributable to a failure to register expectancy. older, although the differences are not statis- 21 16 deaths that occur abroad or whether tically significant. 16 0.8 20 there is a so-called “healthy migrant ef- More stillbirths and higher infant 1915 0.7 fect”; in other words, immigrants are mortality rates in the case of mothers 0 1814 Men Women more healthy on average than the na- of foreign origin 0.6 17 tive population when they arrive as a re- With 3.6 stillbirths and 4.2 deaths during the Austrian origin Form. Yugoslavia (excl. Slovenia) 16 Women of foreign origin sult of selection processes. When deaths 0.5 first year of life for every 1,000 live births, Foreign origin Turkey 15 Men of foreign origin abroad of people who are normally res- the mortality rate of children of mothers of ident in Austria are taken into account, EU/EEA/CH Other countries 0.4 14 non-Austrian origin in 2012 was higher than 15–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65–74 75–84 85–94 Years the difference in life expectancy be- that of children of Austrian women (stillbirths tween those born outside and in Austria S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, statistics of natural population change; HV, statutory S.: STATISTICS AU1,1STRIA, statistics of natural population change Note: For an explanation of how the is reduced. 3.2‰ and infant mortality 2.7‰). The infant social security mortality register. – Including deaths outside Austria. “relative mortality rate” of people of foreign origin is calculated, see Glossary. 1,0 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 Indicator Percentage of population with viable People of working age with health-related Long-term health problems in people of Health 16 inoculation protection 2007 restrictions in their working life 2011 working age 2011 by migration background by origin by migration background Health-related restrictions with ... More frequent health-related limitations Less use of preventative health services Austrian origin. The largest differences were (multiple answers) in the working life of workers with a by people of foreign origin 16 apparent with regard to TBEV inoculation: Back problems Number of working hours1) Type of work2) migration background People of Turkish or former Yugoslavian ori- 75% of Austrians, but only 32% of people TBEV In % of working people3) Problems with legs A total of 42% of people aged between gin reportedly failed to make use of early rec- from Turkey and former Yugoslavia (exclud- Total 5.9% 7.8% 15 and 64 years had at least one long-term ognition and preventative examinations such ing Slovenia), had up-to- date inoculation pro- Circulatory problems No migration background 6.0% 7.7% With migration background 5.7% 8.2% health problem in 2011. Gainfully employed as mammography, cervical cancer smears tection. Hepatitis B Problems with arms First generation 6.0% 8.3% people with a migration background were and the PSA test for early recognition of pros- Own country of birth: Severe headaches affected to an above-average degree: 51% tate cancer. Foreign nationals more often do not Austria 5.9% 7.7% 16 Problems with EU-27 3.6% 5.4% of immigrants from former Yugoslavia and While 76% of female Austrians aged 40 and make necessary medical appointments Hepatitis A digestive system 48% of those from Turkey had a long-term older have undergone a mammography in Although only 1–2% of the population in Aus- Former Yugoslavia 8.0% 11.4% Austria Skin diseases excluding Slovenia) health condition. Irrespective of the migration the last three years, only 55% of female mi- tria has no health insurance, it is often the Turkey, former Yugoslavia Problems with Turkey 10.0% 12.6% background, back problems affected virtual- grants have done likewise. 56% of 15 to 60 case that people with illnesses will fail to visit respiratory organs Other countries (4.6%) (5.0%) Influenza (excl. Slovenia) Without migration background Second generation (4.2%) 7.1% ly a quarter of people in the main working year old female Austrians have had a cervi- a physician or dentist. In 2009–2011, twice Other Depression With migration background age range. On the other hand, people with cal cancer smear, but this figure is only 32% as many third country nationals than Aus- S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, microcensus employment figures “Employment of people 68 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 % 0 5 10 15 20 25 % with health problems” 2011. – 1) Figures based on samples of less than 6,000 69 a migration background more frequently had among the same-aged women from Turkey trians failed to contact a physician despite people are subject to a high level of random error and cannot be accurately problems with their legs (14% vs. 11%), or former Yugoslavia (excluding Slovenia). existing health problems. The attendance S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, microcensus employment figures, interpreted statistically. – 1) Number of hours which can be worked per week. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, Austrian health survey 2006/07. ad hoc module “Employment of people with health prob- 2) E.g. when carrying heavy loads, when working outdoors, with long periods of arms (11% vs. 8%), circulatory problems 52% of male Austrians aged over 40 years rate for dental treatment was particular- Figures standardised by age. lems” (2011). sitting down. – 3) International definition of working status, ILO concept. (13% vs. 10%) and headaches (9% vs. 6%) have had a PSA test, in comparison with just ly low: Despite a relevant problem, a good than people without a migration background. 30% of men of Turkish or ex-Yugoslavian or- 8% of third country nationals, almost 5% Indicator Use of medical early detection and screening services 2007 Failure to seek medical/dental treatment despite The resulting restrictions in working life af- igin. Other preventative health screenings, of EU citizens and almost 4% of the native 16 by gender and origin health problem 2009–2011 by nationality fected people with and without a migration such as early recognition of intestinal cancer Austrian population failed to seek dental background, with considerable differences and the preventative health check-up have al- treatment. % 9 Mammography last 3 years, age 40+ between the groups of immigrants: Work- so been used much less frequently by people 8 Austria 8,4% ers from Turkey and former Yugoslavia more of foreign origin. Cervical smear test last 12 months, age 15-59 7 EU countries Third countries frequently reported limitations due to their PSA – prostatic cancer screening last 3 years, age 40+ 6 health problems in the number of working Immigrants less commonly seek 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 5 Men, Austrian Colorectal cancer screening last 3 years, age 40+ 4 4,6% hours (10% and 8% respectively vs. 6%) and preventive inoculation Men, Turkish, ex-Yugoslavian (excluding Slovenia) 3 3,8% 3,6% in the type of work they carried out (13% and According to their own statements, people Women, Austrian 2 2,6% 11% respectively vs. 8%) than Austrian-born of foreign origin less frequently seek preven- General health examination last 12 months, age 20+ Women, Turkish, ex-Yugoslavian (excluding Slovenia) 1 1,8% employees. Employees born in an EU coun- tive inoculation against diseases, for example 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 % 0 try were considerably less frequently restrict- against influenza, TBEV (tick-borne encephali- No doctor’s appointment despite problem No dental appoint despite problem ed in their working lives, on the other hand. tis virus) and hepatitis A and B than people of S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, Austrian health survey 2006/07. Figures standardised by age. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, EU-SILC. – Average 2009–2011.

9 8

0 7 5 10 15 20 25 6 5 4 3 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 2 1 0 Security

70 Indicator Level of criminality 2012 Proportions of foreign nationals among suspects, Security 17 by age and nationality convicted and imprisoned people 2002–2012

Criminality among foreign nationals 17 High rates of imprisonment of % 7 % 55 Austrian 50 Of those suspected of committing offences foreign nationals 6 Non-Austrian 45 or crimes investigated by the police in 2012, Of those committed to prison in 2012, 54.8% EU countries pre 2004/EEA/CH 5 40 24.6% were foreign nationals resident in were foreign nationals. This includes a large EU accession countries 2004/2007 35 4 Austria; this rate was higher than the per- proportion of people on remand (including Form. Yugoslavia (excl. Slovenia) 30 Turkey centage which the foreign population repre- criminal tourists). However, more foreign na- 3 25 sented of the Austrian population as a whole tionals are remanded in custody than Austrians Other countries 20 2 In custody 0,55 (11.6%). Another 6.5% of those investigated because there is a higher risk that the former 15 Sentenced 0,50 were tourists or illegally in Austria, so that might abscond. A larger proportion of foreign- 1 10 0,45 5 Suspects 0,40 31.1% of those investigated by the police ers in detention in Austria are also illegal im- 0 0 were foreigners. migrants awaiting deportation. 14–17 18–20 21–24 25–39 years 40 years 0,35 years years years and older 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 33.2% of those sentenced by Austrian courts 0,30 0,25 in 2012 were non-Austrians. Relative to the Immigrants more frequently victims of S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, criminal sentencing statistics, population statistics. – Criminality rate = S.: BMI, police crime statistics; BMJ, penal system statistics; STATISTICS AUSTRIA, 0,20 population with the same nationality over the crime 18 sentenced people as a percentage of the population of the same age and same nationality. legal criminal statistics 72 0,15 73 age of 14 years (the minimum age for sen- In 2012, 23.4% of all victims of crime in Aus- 0,10 tencing in Austria), nearly four times as many tria were foreign nationals. As they represent- Identified suspects in Austria 2012 Indicator Crime victim rates 2002 and 2012 0,05 18 0,00 foreign nationals were sentenced by Austri- ed some 11.6% of the general population, by nationality and residential status by0,07 nationality (all offences) an courts (1.4%) in comparison with Austri- this means that immigrants were affected by ans (0.4%). Higher level of criminality of crime about twice as often as the population % 5.0 0,06 Suspects as a % The largest proportions were citizens of certain age groups as a whole. The number of times nationals of the population 0,05 2002 2012 Proportion of the same 4.0 the countries that have joined the EU since It is age that determines the probability of African countries became victims of crime 0,04 2004 (2.1%) and nationals of third countries of whether an individual is more likely to was above the average, while the crime vic- Residential status Absolute (in %) nationality (2.3%). The rate of those found guilty among commit an offence or crime. People aged tim rate among citizens of the 14 pre-2004 Total 259,923 100.0% 3.1% 3.0 0,03 Austrians 179,049 68.9% 2.4% immigrants from former Yugoslavia and Tur- between 14 and 40 years are particularly fre- EU countries and of former Yugoslavia was 2.0 0,02 0,050 key (both 1.2%) was significantly lower. With quently likely to offend. When adjusted for the lowest among the foreign population. In Foreign nationals resident 63,960 24.6% 6.5% 0,045 in Austria 0,01 regard to the interpretation of these figures, age (15- to 40-year-olds constitute 50% more the last ten years, the crime victim rate has 1.0 0,040 Tourists 12,681 4.9% n.d. 0,035 it must be borne in mind that certain offenc- of the population of foreign nationals in com- increased for all groups of nationalities. Illegal immigrants 4,233 1.6% n.d. 0,00 es (e.g. Austria’s aliens’ law, forging of doc- parison with the native Austrian population), 0 0,030 Total non-Austrians 80,874 31.1% n.d. 0,025 uments) that are connected with residence the percentage of non-Austrians sentenced Total Africa Austrian Turkey 0,020 EEA/CH Non-Austrian legislation are mainly committed by nation- as part of the reference population is reduced EU pre 2004/ Other countries 2004/2007 Form. Yugoslavia 0,015 als of third countries. by 1.4% to 0.9%, and is thus only 2.5 times S.: BMI, police crime statistics; EU accession countries (excl. Slovenia) 0,010 the corresponding figure for Austrians. STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics; own figures. S.: BMI, police crime statistics 2002, 2012. STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics – 0,005 crime victim rates = victims of crimes relating to population of the same nationality 0,000 Housing and regional distribution

74 Indicator Per capita living space 2012 Indicator Legal position of housing 2012 Housing 19 by migration background status 21 by migration background status of the household representative

Living space m² % 100 9% 10% 6% 6% 5% 7% 9% 6% 2% 6% First Second 15% People with a migration background Foreigners have higher housing Home ownership less frequent among 25% 24% 21% 17% Migration background status Total generation generation 80 29% have one third less living space 19 cost quotients 20 people with a migration background 21 35% 37% 50% Total 44 - - 55% In 2012, average per capita living space was The housing cost quotient (i.e. the percent- The high accommodation costs of immi- 60 approximately 44 m². People with a migra- age of household income that is spent on grants are also attributable to the low rate of No migration background 47 - - Other (company hou- 83% 77% sing, with relatives/ tion background, on the other hand, had on- accommodation) is above the average in the home ownership in this group. While more With migration background 31 30 37 40 69% 73% 70% 62% in-laws) 61% 57% 0,8 ly 31 m² living space per capita, almost one case of non-Austrians. On average in the than half (55%) of households that includ- EU countries pre 2004/EEA/CH 49 49 47 Owner-occupied 20 41% 35% third less than the average. While nationals years 2009–2011, about 19% of the popu- ed a native Austrian as main representative EU accession countries 2004/2007 37 36 50 (house, flat) 0,6 of countries that were part of the EU prior to lation as a whole spent more than 25% of owned their own homes in 2012, this was Rented Form. Yugoslavia (excl. Slovenia) 25 24 32 0 2004, other EEA countries and Switzerland household income on accommodation. How- the case for only 25% of households with Turkey 21 20 24 Total 0,4 had above average living space, equivalent ever, 35% of non-Austrians had to spend the a migration background. However, in 2012, Turkey Other countries 29 29 32 No migration backgroundWith migrationbackground First generation Other countries to 49 m² per capita, nationals of former Yu- same proportion of their household income the second immigrant generation were much 2004/2007Former Yugoslavia 0,2 Second generationEEA/Switzerland (excl. Slovenia) EU countries pre 2004/EU accession countries goslavia (excluding Slovenia: 25 m²) and of for this purpose. more likely to own their own home (35% S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, microcensus housing 2012, Turkey (21 m²) lived in much more cramped of all households) than the first generation annual average over all weeks. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, microcensus housing 2012, annual average over all weeks. 0,0 76 conditions. Particularly affected by high accommodation (24%). Households with a household repre- 77 costs were people from Turkey, of whom half sentative from Turkey and former Yugoslavia Indicator Households with a housing cost quotient equivalent to more Percentages of households in substandard accommodation 2012 Second immigrant generation has more had to spend more than 25% of their household mainly lived in rented accommodation (83% 20 than 25% of household income 2006–2011 by nationality by migration background status of the household representative living space than the first 19 income on accommodation. Above-average and 73% respectively). In general in 2012, immigrants of the first gen- proportions of EU, EEA and Swiss nationals % 60 % 10 eration tended on average to live in smaller (38%) and immigrants from former Yugosla- People with a migration background 2006/2008 2009/2011 50 8 accommodation (30 m² per capita) than the via (excluding Slovenia; 22%) also had high more frequently live in substandard 50% 8.2% 47% second generation (37 m²). The difference housing cost quotients; the 16% of Austrians accommodation 40 44% 7.1% 6 38% between immigrant generations was most in this situation was somewhat below the In 2012, only 1.4% of the population still lived 35% 30 33% 34% 33% 5.4% 10 pronounced in the case of people from the average. in substandard accommodation (category D: 5.0% 4 4.4% 9 20 25% post-2004 EU accession countries; here the In comparison with 2006–2008 the propor- no own toilet). First generation immigrants 22% 3.7% 8 18% 19% first generation had 36 m², and the second 50 tion of foreigners with high housing cost lived more frequently (5.4%) in category D 10 16% 16% 2 7 0.7% 2.2% m² living space. In the case of people with a quotients rose from 33% to 35%. Turkish accommodation than second generation im- 1.4% 0.5% 6 0 0 Turkish migration background, the difference nationals were by far most significantly af- migrants (2.2%). Particularly high numbers of 5 Total Total 4 between the two generations was minimal fected by the hike in housing costs (increase those living in poor conditions had a migra- Austrian Turkey Turkey Non-Austrian No migration 3 (20 m² vs. 24 m²). from 33% to 50%). But for citizens from the tion background from former Yugoslavia and Other countries backgroundWith migrationbackground First generation 2004/2007 Other countries Former(excl. Yugoslavia Slovenia) Second generation Former(excl. Yugoslavia Slovenia) 2 EU/EEA/Switzerland EEA/Switzerland successor states of former Yugoslavia, a de- Turkey; a good 7% and 8% of these respec- EU countries pre 2004/EU accession countries 1 cline was actually seen. tively lived in substandard accommodation. S: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, microcensus housing 2012, annual average over all weeks. – S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, EU-SILC 2006–2011. 0,6 Substandard accommodation = category D: no own toilet. 0 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,0 Population on 1 January 2013 Indicator Population on 1 January 2013 living in municipalities in Regional distribution and segregation by origin and proportion of population of local municipality 22 which immigrants constitute1) more than 25% of the residents by origin

Total 18.9% 23.6% 19.7% 8.7% 8.6% 20.6%

Austrian Austrian origin 24% More than one in three people living in The relative ratios were reversed in commu- origin 21.3% 25.9% 20.3% 8.3% 7.7% 16.4% Vienna is of foreign origin nities with smaller populations. Nearly half Foreign origin 53% On 1 January 2013, 18.0% of the population (47%) of all Austrian citizens born in Austria Foreign origin 7.5% 13.4% 16.8% 10.1% 12.4% 39.7% EU/EEA/CH 46% of Austria was of foreign origin. Within Aus- lived in a community with fewer than 5,000 tria itself, there were major differences with inhabitants at the beginning of 2013 while 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 % EU countries pre-2004 (14) 41% regard to distribution. The percentage of peo- only 21% of the population of foreign origin Municipalities with < 2,000 inh. 5,000 to < 20,000 inh. Graz, Linz, Salzburg, Innsbruck ple of foreign origin living in Vienna (34.6%) lived in communities of this size. EU accession countries 2004 (10) 53% 2,000 to < 5,000 inh. 20,000 to < 100,000 inh Vienna was nearly twice that of the average for Aus- The percentage of residents of foreign origin EU accession countries 2007 (2) 48% tria as a whole. There were also above aver- of the total that formed the population of 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 age concentrations of foreigners in the states towns with more than 20,000 inhabitants S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics. EEA, EU affil. minor countries, CH 32% of Vorarlberg (20.4%) and Salzburg (18.5%). (30%) was thus three times that forming the THIRD COUNTRIES 59% 78 On the other hand, in Styria and in Burgen- population of smaller communities with less Proportion of population of foreign origin on 1 January 2013 79 by federal states land, only 11.2% and 10.1% of the popula- than 5,000 inhabitants (9%) On 1 January 2013 more than half (53%) Form. Yugoslavia (excl. Slovenia) 57% tion was of foreign origin. of all Austria’s immigrants lived in these 44 More than one in two persons of municipalities with a high immigrant popula- Turkey 56% Vienna 35% Majority of population of foreign origin foreign origin live in municipalities in tion, while only a quarter (24%) of the na- Other European countries 59% lives in larger cities which immigrants constitute more tive Austrian population lived there. There Vorarlberg 20% At the beginning of 2013, almost 40% of than 25% of the population 22 was a lower concentration of people from Salzburg 19% Africa 68% Austria’s population of foreign origin lived in In 44 of Austria’s 2,354 municipalities, the EU/EEA countries and Switzerland (46%) Austria 18% America 55% Vienna, while only 16% of native Austrians population of foreign origin constituted more than of people with third country nationality Tyrol 17% lived in the capital. Other large cities in Aus- than 25% of their total population at the be- (59%) in these municipalities with a high im- Upper Austria 14% Asia 70% tria also had a significant proportion of resi- ginning of 2013. In addition to cities such as migrant population. There was a particularly Lower Austria 12% dents of foreign origin. Some 62% of people Vienna, Salzburg, Wels, Bregenz and Traun, high concentration of people of African and Australia and Oceania 45% Carinthia of foreign nationality and/or who were born tourist centres such as Solden and Bad Asian origin (70% and 68%) in municipalities 11% Unknown/unclear/stateless 77% outside Austria lived in towns and cities with Gastein and certain towns and municipalities with a high immigrant population. Styria 11% more than 20,000 inhabitants. Only about near borders that provide refugee accommo- Burgenland 10% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 % 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 one third of people of Austrian origin lived in dation are also locations in which people of 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 % communities of this size. foreign origin form a significant section of the population. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics. – 1) Proportion of population of foreign origin of the S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics. population as a whole.

0,00 0,05 0,10 0,15 0,20 0,25 0,30 0,35 0,40 Identification

80 Indicator Marriages 2012 Indicator Marriages between people of Austrian and foreign origin 2012 Marriages and family forms 23 by origin of the couple 23 by origin of the foreign spouse

Both partners Africa 42% 58% Austrian man/foreign woman of foreign origin Both partners 3,935 Austrian woman/foreign man Three in ten marriages involve a from one of these countries. But there were Austrian/non-Austrian couples more of Austrian origin America 73% 27% 10.2% 27,971 foreign partner 23 also mixed marriages with Asian and Ameri- often remain childless Man only 72.5% Asia 82% 18% Some 38,600 marriages took place in Austria can partners in which the woman was of for- In the case of more than half (55%) of Austrian/ of foreign origin 2,455 in 2012. In seven out of ten instances, both eign origin in the vast majority of instances. non-Austrian couples, there were no chil- Turkey 29% 71% 6.4% spouses were of Austrian origin. A total of The situation was different in the case of dren living in the same household. There Woman only Form. Yugoslavia 6,700 marriages (17%) involved an Austrian marriages with partners from Africa or Tur- were slightly fewer childless households (excl. Slovenia) 57% 43% of foreign origin and a non-Austrian partner. About 4,000 key. In the majority of these marriages, the in the case of partners with no migration EU accession countries 4,231 83% 17% marriages (10%), on the other hand, were be- woman was Austrian and the man of foreign background (47%). However, the lowest 11.0% 2004/2007 (12) EU countries tween partners who were both of non-Aus- origin. percentage of childless households (32%) pre-2004 (14) 56% 44% trian origin. In the case of more than half was associated with partnerships between 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200 2,400 (54%) of the marriages between an Austri- A quarter of all partnerships involve two people who both had a migration back- an and non-Austrian partner, the non-Austrian a foreign national ground. Irrespective of the origin of partners, S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, marriage statistics S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, marriage statistics 82 originated from another EU country or EEA In 2012, a quarter of all partnerships (marriag- non-married couples were more often child- 83 country, whereby marriages with a partner of es and cohabitations) involved at least one less than married couples. Average size of households 2012 by migration Partnerships 2012 Couples without children in household German origin were by far the most common person with a migration background. Mixed background, status and household reference person by migration background of partners 2012 by migration background of partners (1,783 marriages, or 27%). 17% of mixed partnerships involving an Austrian partner Turks tend to live in larger family groups Austrian/non- Austrian marriages involved a made up 11% of all partnerships, whereby a In 2012, the average size of a household in 4.0 % 100 % 80 Total Married Unmarried 14.8% 8.3% couples couples couples 0 200 400 600 8001000120014001600180020002200 90 16.1% 0,8 partner from former Yugoslavia (excluding female immigrant cohabited with a man with- Austria was 2.3 people. The native Austrian 3.5 70 3.6 14.5% 62.8% Slovenia) while 8% were between partners out a migration background (in about 6% of population without migration background 80 10.6% 9.8% 60.0% 0,7 3.0 Both partners 60 55.3% 70 54.7% 52.4% of Austrian and Turkish origin. couples) more frequently than the converse tended to live in smaller households (2.2 peo- without migration 0,6 2.5 2.8 60 background 50 46.6%44.8% situation. With 15%, the proportion of part- ple) than people with migration background People per private household 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 One partner without 0,5 2.0 2.3 2.2 50 40 Austrian men more frequently marry nerships, in which both partners have a mi- (2.6 people). But there were also marked var- and one partner1,0 32.3% 2.0 40 29.5% 0,4 foreign women gration background was greater. In terms of iations within these parameters. While only 1.5 74.6% 74.1% 77.2% with migration0,9 30 30 background 0,3 Marriages between an Austrian man and a cohabitations, in which partners live together 2.0 people lived in the average household of 1.0 0,8 20 4,0 20 Both partners woman of foreign origin are far more com- without being married, this proportion (8%) immigrants from the EU, EEA or Switzerland, 0,7 0,2 10 0.5 10 with migration mon (63%) than the converse situation was considerably lower, while it was actu- an average of 3.6 people lived in a Turkish 3,5 background0,6 0,1 0 0 0 (37%). This applies in particular to marriages ally higher (with a good 14%) in the case of household. 3,0 Total Married Unmarried 0,5 Both partners wi- One partner without Both partners Total 0,0 Turkey couples couples couples 0,4 thout migration and one partner with with migration with partners from countries that joined the Austrian/non-Austrian relationships than was 2,5 No migration EU/EEA/CH background migration background background With migrationbackground 0,3 EU in 2004/2007; in 83% of these cases, it the case in all relationships. background First generation Form. Yugoslavia Other countries Second generation (excl. Slovenia) 2,0 was an Austrian man who married a woman S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, microcensus employment 20120,2 S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, microcensus employment 2012 S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, microcensus employment 2012 (annual average). (annual average) (annual average). 1,5 0,1

1,0 0,0

0,5

0,0 Naturalisations Naturalised people1) and naturalisation rate2) 1961–2012 Naturalisation rate by countries 2001–2011

48,000 6 % % 12 Austria Rate of naturalisations Germany 40,000 5 10 Switzerland Naturalised people Slovenia Hungary 32,000 4 8 Czech Republic One of the main requirements for natu- in 2012. The quota for people from EU coun- 24,000 3 6 ralisation, alongside the stipulations that tries was very low (less than 0.5%) – with the applicant must have sufficient lan- the exception of Bulgarian and Romanian 16,000 2 4 guage skills and pass the citizenship test, nationals, of whom 1.6% were naturalised. is that the applicant must have been con- From former Yugoslavia (excluding Slovenia), 8,000 1 2 tinuously and legally resident in Austria 1.1% of people with more than ten years’ for at least ten years (since 30 July 2013, residence in Austria were naturalised, with 0 0 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 this has been shortened to six years). somewhat more undergoing naturalisation 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2012 S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, naturalisation statistics. – 1) Excluding naturalisations of people resident from Turkey (1.4%). The proportion of new outside Austria. – 2) Naturalisations per 100 foreign nationals resident in Austria based on annual Rate of naturalisations remains Austrians from other European and non-Euro- 48000average population figures. 6S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics; EUROSTAT. 84 at a low level pean countries was considerably higher with 85 Since 2000, more than a quarter of a million almost 3% for each. 40000Indicator Naturalisations 2012 as a % of people resident in Austria for more 5Naturalisations 20121) by previous nationality, country of birth, individuals have acquired Austrian citizen- 24 than 10 years by previous nationality age and legal basis ship. The upsurge in numbers of naturali- One third of naturalised Austrians 32000 4 12 sations in the early 21st century reached born in Austria of Turkey (53%). Of the people naturalised in % 5 Of which: its peak in 2003, when nearly 45,000 peo- The naturalised citizens in 2012 came mainly 2012, 36% were minors, with a considerably 24000 3 Right to Extension to 10 Born in Under age naturalisa- family 4 ple were naturalised. After 2003, numbers from former Yugoslavia (excluding Slovenia; share (44%) of these being former Turkish Nationality Total in % Austria 18 years tion members 16000 2 8 of naturalisations have fallen continuously, 40%) and Turkey (17%). On the other hand, citizens. 2.9% Total 7,043 100.0% 35.8% 36.2% 51.5% 31.2% 3 2.8% reaching a nadir in 2010 (6,135), the lowest there were only 11% naturalisations of citi- In more than half (52%) of cases, applicants 8000 1EU countries pre 2004/EEA/CH 175 2.5% 29.7% 25.1% 81.1% 14.3% figure since 1974. In 2012, the number of zens from other EU/EEA countries and Swit- had acquired a right to naturalisation by meet- EU accession countries 6 2 1.6% 595 8.4% 20.8% 27.9% 76.5% 23.5% naturalisations rose for the second time in a zerland; these were mainly people from the ing the required criteria. In almost one third 1.4% 2004/2007 0 1.1% 1.1% 0Form. Yugoslavia (excl. Slovenia) 2,841 40.3% 44.8% 38.7% 44.0% 34.5% 4 row, now reaching 7,043 (without overseas countries that have joined the EU since 2004. of cases (31%), naturalisation was extended 1 0.4% Turkey 1,198 17.0% 52.8% 44.1% 48.7% 30.6% naturalisations). More than one third (36%) of naturalised citi- to family members, while in a further 17% of 0.3% Other European countries 489 6.9% 18.8% 38.4% 50.7% 39.5% 2 zens were already born in Austria; higher fig- cases, naturalisation was discretionary. 0 Asia 1,109 15.7% 20.7% 32.1% 50.1% 33.4% More frequent naturalisations of third ures were documented for citizens of the Turkey total Africa 437 6.2% 15.8% 27.7% 60.0% 21.7% 0 24 EU accession EU accession countries countries 0,05 country nationals successor states of former Yugoslavia (ex- Other European Non-European Foreign nationals EU countries pre- Form. Yugoslavia America, Oceania, unknown 199 2.8% 23.1% 22.6% 67.8% 12.1% 2004/EEA/CH countries 2004 countries 2007 (excl. Slovenia) Of the foreign nationals living in Austria for at cluding Slovenia; 45%), while this was actu- 0,04 least ten years, a total of 1.1% were naturalised ally the majority in the case of former citizens S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, naturalisation statistics. – 1) Domestic naturalisations, i.e. excluding those of S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics, naturalisation statistics. people resident outside Austria. (In 2012, 64 people resident outside Austria were naturalised). 0,03

0,02

0,01

0,00 Subjective views of integration

86 Indicator How Austrians view the process of integration 25 Austrians: In general, do you think that the integration of immigrants in Austria is ...?

Working very well Working quite Not working very Not working well A review of the status of integration on the But the trend towards a more positive view, However, the speed of the improvement of well well at all basis of objective data alone would be incom- which began to appear in the previous year, the integration climate has slowed. Between plete; subjective aspects must also be taken has continued. While 69% of those surveyed 2011 and 2012, the positive view increased into account. As in previous years, GfK Austria in 2010 believed integration was “not very by about 7 percentage points, but only by Total 4.2% 40.8% 46.4% 8.6% again conducted a survey in 2013 to deter- effective” or was “working very badly”, the about 2 percentage points between 2012 and mine attitudes towards integration among corresponding figure fell continuously to 2013. The same applies for the reduction in Gender both the Austrian population and the popula- approx. 57% in 2012 and to about 55% in the negative view. Male 5.2% 42.6% 42.3% 9.9% tion of foreign origin. The survey was conduct- 2013. At the same time, the percentage that Female 3.2% 39.0% 50.4% 7.3% ed in February and March 2013; 931 people saw integration as “working very well” or Harmonisation of the population’s opinion with Austrian citizenship without a migration “working quite well” increased from 31% Structural characteristics that influenced the Age background and 1,107 people with a migra- (2010) to 43% (2012) and now to 45% (2013). view of integration in Austria were the age 15–19 years 5.6% 39.4% 45.1% 9.9% tion background were surveyed (310 from This documents the decrease in the ex- and social situation of those questioned: 20–39 years 2.6% 36.1% 57.7% 3.5% 88 Serbia and Montenegro, 315 from Bosnia tremely negative view of integration in Those aged from 60 years and people with a 89 40–59 years 4.5% 43.9% 40.0% 11.5% and Herzegovina, 182 from Croatia and 300 Austria. In 2013, about 9% of the popula- lower school education, low-qualified work- from Turkey). 212 of those questioned were tion believes that integration is “working ers and those with low income viewed the 60 years and older 4.3% 40.9% 46.1% 8.7%

born in Austria, while 890 were first genera- very badly”, while this figure was still 18% situation with more pessimism. In 2013, this Education tion immigrants. The structure of the sample in 2010. In comparison to this, the propor- clear pattern is no longer provable. Older peo- None/compul. school. only 4.5% 42.8% 43.5% 9.2% is largely the same as in 2012, although the tion of those questioned who gave integra- ple and those with a lower school education proportion of foreigners born in Austria was tion the best score (“working very well”) has have increasingly become more optimistic Vocational/BMS 5.0% 38.8% 51.8% 4.3% a little higher then. very hesitantly increased (from 3.6% in 2010 about integration, while young people and AHS/BHS/university 1.0% 29.9% 58.8% 10.3% to 4.2% in 2013). The shift occurs in the mid- people with a higher school education have 0 20 40 60 80 100 % Positive view of integration is increasing point of opinions. The view that integration is changed their opinions less. A certain harmo- 4.2% believed that integration policies are “working quite well” increased from about nisation of the view can be seen over all the “working very well”; 8.6%, on the other 27% in 2010 to 41% in 2013. different sections of the population. hand, considered that these are “working The comparison over time also shows a very badly” If we add to this the 46.4% who brightening of the integration climate. This saw integration as “not very effective” this could be down to the installation of a Sec- means that almost half of the population is retariat for Integration as well as the more dissatisfied with the current integration pro- positive media reporting. The view of failed cess. integration has taken a backseat generally. S.: GfK survey (February - March 2013). – Only answers of those who provided responses were taken into account.

0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 Indicator Immigrants: Do you feel comfortable and/or at home Indikator Immigrants: To which country do you feel you How immigrants view the process of integration 25 in Austria? 25 tend to belong?

Completely Mostly at Less at home Not at home at all The country of my origin or the The country in which I am currently Immigrant population has a generally Structural factors influence opinion Sense of belonging: Country of origin at home home country of origin of my parents living, namely Austria optimistic view of integration Whether and to what extent immigrants feel or Austria?

The vast majority of those with a migration at home in Austria is determined mainly by The question concerning basic national iden- Total 52.2% 29.8% 10.5% 7.5% Total 42.9% 57.1% background (82%) claimed to feel completely gender (females feel more at home) but also tity requires a straightforward answer and or mostly at home in Austria, 10.5% claimed by age (those surveyed in the main working does not take into account the ambivalence Gender Gender to feel less at home and 7.5% did not feel at age range tended to be a little more pessi- that people with a migration background fre- Male 50.8% 28.8% 11.7% 8.7% Male 50.6% 49.4%

home at all. mistic). Of particular relevance are length of quently have with regard to their national Female 53.5% 30.7% 9.4% 6.3% Female 35.4% 64.6% Optimism with regard to integration among residence and place of birth. Of those who identity (transnational orientation). As a result, the immigrant population is in clear contrast had been resident in Austria for 20 years about 12% gave no response to this ques- Age Age to the pessimism with regard to integration or longer, 83% said they felt completely or tion, more than for any other question. The 15–19 years 60.0% 29.1% 10.9% 15–19 years 39.6% 60.4%

among the Austrian population. However in mostly at home here; this was the case for result confirms that immigrants are optimis- 20–39 years 52.1% 28.7% 11.4% 7.8% 20–39 years 39.6% 60.4% comparison with 2012, there is a contrasting only 70% who had been living in Austria for tic with regard to integration, but also makes 46.7% 53.3% trend. While the population without migration less than 5 years. Some 87% of those born in reference to the decline in optimism. While 40–59 years 46.5% 32.6% 10.4% 10.4% 40–59 years 90 91 background is perceiving an improvement Austria felt completely or mostly at home in 65% of those surveyed with a migration 60 years and older 62.0% 26.3% 8.0% 3.6% 60 years and older 46.1% 53.9% of integration, a growing proportion of peo- Austria; even 80% of those born outside Aus- background still felt a sense of belonging Education Education ple with a migration background feel less at tria gave the same response. There were dif- to Austria in 2012, this agreement had de- No. compul. schooling 41.3% 34.8% 15.2% 8.7% No. compul. schooling 59.0% 41.0% home or not at all. In 2012, 87.1% of the pop- ferences with regard to whether the people creased to 57% in 2013. The increase by 8 ulation with a migration background still stat- came from Turkey or former Yugoslavia. Of percentage points between 2010 and 2012 Compul. schooling 54.1% 29.6% 8.1% 8.1% Compul. schooling 54.0% 46.0% ed they felt completely or mostly at home in those from former Yugoslavia, 84% claimed has been nullified as a result. The structural Vocational/BMS 54.0% 27.5% 11.5% 7.0% Vocational/BMS 38.4% 61.6% Austria, just 8.4% felt less at home and 4.5% to feel completely or mostly at home in Aus- factors, which influence the feeling of nation- AHS/BHS 47.5% 33.4% 13.4% 5.6% AHS/BHS 38.8% 61.2% did not feel at home at all. In 2013, the posi- tria while only 79% of those from Turkey al identity, remain unchanged: Better quali- tive opinion deteriorated by about 5%. An in- made the same claim. fications, higher income and longer period University 59.3% 23.6% 6.5% 10.6% University 35.7% 64.3% tensified public discussion about integration The socio-economic status of those asked is of residence increase the feeling of identi- Origin (own, parents) Origin (own, parents) and integration policy exhibited an unintend- also important: Those with higher incomes, ty with Austria. People with lower education Form. Yugoslavia 58.0% 25.8% 8.4% 7.8% Form. Yugoslavia 36.7% 63.3% ed side effect: Immigrants with a lower level better qualifications and better opportunities and a shorter period of residence in Austria of education, lower income and longer period on the job market feel significantly more at feel more strongly connected to their coun- Turkey 41.7% 37.1% 14.3% 6.9% Turkey 54.3% 45.7% of residence feel more associated with their home in Austria than others. try of origin, specifically men. Slowed eco- 0 20 40 60 80 100 % 0 20 40 60 80 100 % country of origin than in 2012. nomic growth, increasing unemployment and increased pressure of competition also pos- sibly reduce the feeling of identity towards Austria. S.: GfK survey (February–March 2013). – Only answers of those who provided responses were S.: GfK survey (February–March 2013). – Only answers of those who provided responses were taken into account. taken into account.

0,0 0,2 0,4 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 Indicator Indicator Views of changes 25 Austrians: Do you have the impression that the quality of 25 Have your personal circumstances in Austria over the past coexistence with immigrants has changed in recent years? 5 years (or, if you have not been here that long, since you have lived here) …? To see how views have changed, the Austrian to higher age brackets, meaning pensioners with poor qualifications are significantly more population was asked whether they had the are also included here, very frequently are of pessimistic than women and those with good impression that there had been changes to the opinion that co-existence has improved. qualifications. The agreement with a subjec- Improved Remained unchanged Deteriorated the quality of coexistence with immigrants in Only housewives and the unemployed con- tive improvement decreases with age and recent years while the immigrant population tinue to be pessimist towards integration. It the less favourable financial circumstances. Coexistence has There has been no Coexistence has Improved change to coexistence deteriorated was asked whether their personal circum- is possible that dissatisfaction with the per- Significant and surprising were the correla- Total 36.7% 42.5% 20.9% stances had improved or deteriorated over sonal socioeconomic situation may cause the tions with period of residence and origin. The Gender the past 5 years. pessimism to be transferred to other social proportion of those who see a deterioration Total 24.8% 47.5% 27.7% Male 33.2% 43.2% 23.6% sectors. in their personal circumstances grows with Pessimism about integration declining the length of their stay in Austria. This may Gender Female 40.0% 41.7% 18.2% Male 24.6% 49.0% 26.4% among the native Austrian population Immigrants remain more optimistic be an effect related to age, but could also in- Age Although a pessimistic attitude still predom- than Austrians dicate that, although immigrants experience Female 24.7% 46.2% 29.1% 15–19 years 30.8% 69.2% inates among Austrians, this has decreased How do immigrants view the integration pro- a direct improvement in their personal cir- 44.0% 40.0% 16.0% considerably. In 2013, about 25% believed cess? 36.7% see an improvement, 42.5% cumstances on moving to Austria, they often Age 20–39 years 92 93 that the quality of coexistence with immi- see no change and 20.9% claim to see a de- later see a subjective stagnation or deteriora- 15–19 years 22.1% 57.4% 20.6% 40–59 years 32.1% 37.7% 30.2% grants has increased and only 28% thought terioration in their living situation in the last tion with regard to these. This supports the 20–39 years 21.8% 52.4% 25.8% 60 years and older 29.8% 42.7% 27.5% there had been a deterioration. In 2010, five years. While in 2010 the opinion be- observation that foreign citizens who were 28.9% 41.9% 29.2% 44% still saw a deterioration while only 12% tween the improvement and deterioration born in their country of origin more frequent- 40–59 years Education claimed to see an improvement. The trend was balanced to some degree, the evalua- ly see an improvement in their personal living 60 years and older 22.4% 48.2% 29.4% No. compul. schooling 18.6% 32.6% 48.8% since then towards less pessimism with re- tion of personal living situations in Austria has situation in Austria than those who were born Education Compul. schooling 27.3% 46.9% 25.8% gard to integration among the population clearly moved into the positive since then. in Austria. Furthermore, immigrants from Tur- None/compul. school. only 23.8% 47.8% 28.4% Vocational/BMS 36.9% 38.5% 24.6% without a migration background has thus The economic downturn of the past years key significantly more frequently see a de- continued. has either objectively not reached the immi- terioration in their personal circumstances Vocational/BMS 26.5% 46.3% 27.2% AHS/BHS 41.5% 44.9% 13.6% grants on a personal level or it is subjectively (35.4%) than people from former Yugosla- AHS/BHS/university 28.9% 47.4% 23.7% University 51.3% 38.3% 10.4% Alignment of opinions not perceived as such. via (12.7%). 0 20 40 60 80 100 % While in the past years, it was mostly older Origin (own, parents) people, housewives, pensioners, the unem- Older and less well-off immigrants are Form. Yugoslavia 46.7% 40.5% 12.7% ployed and those responders with a low to more pessimistic Turkey 18.7% 45.9% 35.4% average household income who tended to Looking at structural profiles, it is apparent 0 20 40 60 80 100 % see coexistence deteriorating, the 2013 sur- that older people with a migration back- vey shows a clear alignment of opinions. In ground more frequently see a deterioration S.: GfK survey (February–March 2013). – Only answers of those who provided respon- S.: GfK survey (February–March 2013). – Only answers of those who provided responses were particular, the population groups in the mid than younger responders. Men and those ses were taken into account. taken into account.

0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6

0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 Indicator Austrians: Are you in personal contact with immigrants who Indicator Immigrants: Do you have the feeling that you are being discri- Contact and discrimination 25 you think are experiencing discrimination in Austria because 25 minated against in Austria because you are an immigrant? of their origin or see as being less well treated than Austrians who are not immigrants? Always, mostly Often Not often Rarely, never In another complex of questions, the Austrian A quarter of Austrians think immigrants or never subject to discrimination. In com- population was asked whether they were in are disadvantaged parison with 2010, there was thus a slight contact with immigrants who they thought Of those surveyed in personal contact with decrease in the level of awareness of dis- Yes, in contact with No, in contact with immi- No, have practically Total 17.3% 16.5% 16.2% 50.0% were being less well treated in Austria than immigrants, some 23.5% consider people crimination. disadvantaged immigrants grants, but don’t know any no contact with people with no migration background. The with a migration background experience dis- Those who encounter discrimination are disadvantaged immigrants immigrants Gender immigrant population was asked whether crimination in Austria because of their origin. more frequently people with no school quali- Male 20.9% 17.9% 15.7% 45.5%

they felt they were being discriminated This figure saw a slight increase between fication or a poor qualification who thus have Total 13.8% 45.1% 41.0% Female 13.7% 15.1% 16.8% 54.5% against in Austria. 2011 and 2012, and then a fall again in 2013 a below average household income, as well (2011: 27.3%; 2012: 30.1%; 2013: 23.5%). as people with higher qualifications and with Gender Age Contact has become an everyday This increased awareness of discrimination the high sensitivity about possible discrimina- Male 14.2% 46.3% 39.5% 15–19 years 12.0% 10.2% 12.0% 65.7%

experience may be determined by the sensitivity of re- tion associated with this. Awareness of dis- Female 13.5% 44.0% 42.5% 20–39 years 18.9% 18.4% 18.9% 43.8% Contact with immigrants has become an sponders to possible discrimination, but also crimination declines with length of residence, 18.5% 18.2% 15.0% 48.3% everyday experience. 59% of those sur- by real circumstances. Those who saw great- because immigrants are then less often per- Age 40–59 years 94 95 veyed without a migration background (6.4 er discrimination tended to be people with ceived as foreigners. 15–19 years 27.1% 42.9% 30.0% 60 years and older 12.5% 10.3% 13.2% 64.0% percentage points up on 2010) claimed to be better qualifications, younger people and People with a Turkish migration background 20–39 years 14.3% 56.3% 29.4% Education in regular contact with immigrants. Regional those who live in Vienna and Vorarlberg. On more frequently report encountering discrim- 15.2% 41.6% 43.3% No. compul. schooling 13.0% 17.4% 17.4% 52.2% factors (and thus the chance of coming into the other hand, older people, retirees, pen- ination. More than half of these claimed to be 40–59 years contact with immigrants) play a role, as does sioners and housewives as well as those always or mostly or often subject to discrimi- 60 years and older 7.7% 41.2% 51.2% Compul. schooling 18.9% 12.5% 13.3% 55.3% profession and thus the chance of meeting with poorer qualifications perceived discrimi- nation. The corresponding figure for respond- Vocational/BMS 19.6% 15.8% 17.0% 47.6% Education immigrants at the workplace. More men nation against the population with a migration ers from former Yugoslavia was only 24%. None/compul. school. only 11.5% 43.1% 45.3% AHS/BHS 14.4% 17.8% 20.0% 47.8% than women, more younger than older peo- background more rarely. Whether this difference is attributable to an ple and considerably more students, pupils increased sensitivity on the part of the Turk- Vocational/BMS 15.5% 50.7% 33.8% University 14.5% 25.8% 8.9% 50.8% and working people experience contact with A third of the population with a migra- ish responders to supposed discrimination or AHS/BHS/university 27.6% 51.0% 21.4% Origin (own, parents) immigrants. Urban populations, particularly tion background feels disadvantaged whether they are in fact subject to higher lev- 0 20 40 60 80 100 % Form. Yugoslavia 11.5% 12.2% 16.4% 59.9% Austrians living in Vienna, tend to have more The immigrant population had a similar view els of discrimination are aspects that cannot contacts with immigrants than rural popula- of the aspect of discrimination as the Austrian be analysed using the results of this survey. Turkey 27.5% 24.2% 15.9% 32.4% tions. More than half of pensioners, retirees population. Around one third of all surveyed 0 20 40 60 80 100 % and housewives stated that they had practi- immigrants claimed that they were mostly or cally no contact with immigrants. often subject to discrimination (33.8%). But two thirds of those with a migration back- ground said they were not often or rarely S.: GfK survey (February–March 2013). – Only answers of those who provided responses were S.: GfK survey (February–March 2013). – Only answers of those who provided responses were taken into account. taken into account.

0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 Indicator Mental attitudes; similarities and differences – Austrians 25 Austrians: intolerant and xenophobic attitudes

To determine similarities and differences in Only 12.4% were in support of sending for- Underlying structural trends No adaptation necessary and no expulsi- More neutral Adaptation necessary and expulsion mental attitudes among the Austrian popula- eigners home when jobs are scarce; 49.4% Among those surveyed, there is again a sig- on when jobs are scarce, full political when jobs are scarce, no political tion, a focus was given to determine to what rejected this concept. Some 14.9% were op- nificant correlation between xenophobic at- participation and free choice of spouse participation and spouses should be extent they thought adaptation was needed posed to allowing foreigners living in Austria titudes and gender, age, level of education of same nationality and how intense intolerant or xenophobic at- to participate in political processes, 48.3% and social standing. Those aged 60 years and titudes are. The immigrant population was were in favour. And finally, 68.1% opposed older, people on low incomes, with poor qual- asked whether they approved of the way that the idea that foreigners living in Austria ifications, housewives and retired people and Total 22.6% 74.1% 3.3% most people lived in Austria. should only marry people of their own nation- those who see themselves with a perceived A standardised questionnaire based on the ality, while 9.9% felt this to be appropriate. or real risk of having to surrender social sta- Gender discrimination statements of ALLBUS 1996 Since 2010, there has been a consolidation in tus to the immigrant population are more Male 25.7% 71.1% 3.2% was used to determine intolerant and xeno- the neutral majority attitude while the more likely to exhibit xenophobic tendencies and Female 19.6% 77.0% 3.4% phobic attitudes. These four statements are: extreme views have suffered a further de- assume hostile attitudes. Less xenophobic “Foreigners living in Austria should adapt cline. In contrast to the issued opinion, less are responders who do not fear the compe- Age 8.5% their way of life better to that of Austrians”, than 5% of those surveyed are of the opinion tition with immigrants, and those in federal 15–19 years 26.8% 64.8% 96 97 “When jobs are scarce, foreigners living in that foreigners living in Austria should be sent states with a large migrant experience (par- 20–39 years 31.1% 68.4% 0.4% Austria should be sent home”, “Foreigners home if jobs become scarce, that foreigners ticularly Vienna and Vorarlberg), in which 40–59 years 23.3% 73.3% 3.4% living in Austria should not be allowed to par- living in Austria should not be allowed to par- daily contact with immigrants has become 4.4% ticipate in political processes in Austria” and ticipate in political processes, that foreigners part of normal routine. 60 years and older 12.7% 82.9% “Foreigners living in Austria should only marry living in Austria should only marry people of Education people of their own nationality.” Responders their own nationality and that they should ad- None/compul. school. only 17.7% 78.3% 4.0% were asked to agree to or reject these delib- just their lifestyle. Only the statement with 29.0% 68.8% 2.2% erately provoking statements. the demand for better adjustment of life- Vocational/BMS styles to those of Austrians continues to AHS/BHS/university 46.9% 53.1% Xenophobia in decline meet with noteworthy, but declining, agree- 0 20 40 60 80 100 % Some 23% of all surveyed people without a ment (2010: 54%; 2013: 44.8%). migration background rejected in whole or part The population has accepted that the old all intolerant or xenophobic statements, while “guest worker” model – whereby foreign only 3.3% agreed with these in whole or part. workers are let into the country, do their In detail, 44.8% of Austrians approved of the work, and then go home again – is no longer statement that “Foreigners living in Austria realistic. Austria has become an immigrant should adapt their way of life better to that of society, and the vast majority of the popula- Austrians” – only 9% rejected this statement. tion has accepted this. S.: GfK survey (February–March 2013). – Only answers of those who provided responses were taken into account.

0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 Indicator Mental attitudes; similarities and differences – Immigrants 25 Immigrants: When you look at Austrian society, do you ...?

Fully approve Largely approve Somewhat Fully disapprove disapprove Majority of immigrants approve of of opinions, a similar trend can be observed. Austrian lifestyle: About 74% of responders lifestyle in Austria The proportion of those surveyed who are to- who have lived in Austria for more than 20 The population with migration background tally disapproving of the way most people live years are fully or by and large approving of Total 24.8% 51.7% 15.3% 8.2% was asked whether they approved or disap- is increasing (2010: 5.4%; 2013: 8.2%), with the way people live in Austria. This figure Gender proved of the observed way of life in Austria. a simultaneous decrease in those who are reaches about 85% among those aged over Male 27.1% 48.2% 16.0% 8.7% This question was designed to determine somewhat disapproving (2010:19.9%; 2013: 60 years with a migration background. perceived cultural differences, but this time 15.3%). There was again a significant correlation Female 22.5% 55.1% 14.6% 7.8% from the perspective of the immigrants rath- The change relates less to the general opin- between response and geographical origin: Age er than the Austrian population. ion than to an increase in the polar positions. While 84.2% of responders from former 24.5% 66.4% 3.6% 5.5% Some 3% of those surveyed failed to re- The commitment to the “Austrian lifestyle” Yugoslavia approve of the way of life in Aus- 15–19 years spond to this question; the remaining 97% – without having this defined exactly and tria, only 62.6% of responders from Turkey 20–39 years 18.5% 55.4% 18.5% 7.5% responded as follows: 24.8% fully approved prompted – is increasing in the same way had the same attitude. Indeed, 37.4% of 40–59 years 26.0% 46.1% 17.9% 10.0% 98 of the way that most people live in Austria as its rejection. The reinforced public debate responders with a Turkish migration back- 99 43.8% 41.4% 7.0% 7.8% and of the values and aims that determine about integration politics has also reached ground were somewhat disapproving or to- 60 years and older their lifestyles; 51.7% largely approved of the immigrant population and led to a consol- tally disapproved of the lifestyle in Austria. Education these. Only 8.2% totally disapproved of the idation of opinion among this group. A con- This cultural divergence is not solely a social No. compul. schooling 25.6% 32.6% 25.6% 16.3% Austrian way of life; 15.3% were somewhat solidation of opinion means a decrease in the construct among the majority population but Compul. schooling 27.6% 49.0% 12.5% 10.9% disapproving. evasive “maybe” answer and an increase in is also shared by those with a Turkish migra- the definitive approval or rejection. tion background to a greater extent than any Vocational/BMS 26.6% 49.0% 16.9% 7.5% Increased acceptance and consolidated other immigrant group. AHS/BHS 21.5% 56.0% 15.8% 6.6% opinion since 2010 Underlying structural trends University 21.0% 59.7% 15.1% 4.2% Since the beginning of the integration mon- The structural trends with regard to xenopho- itoring system, two sometimes opposing bia on the one hand and rejection of the life- Origin (own, parents) trends have emerged. On the one hand, the style in Austria on the other are very similar. Form. Yugoslavia 30.9% 53.3% 9.4% 6.4% unrestricted approval of the way that most A lack of school education and poor qualifica- Turkey 13.8% 48.8% 26.0% 11.4% people live their lives in Austria (2010: 18.9%; tions made both the Austrian and immigrant 2013: 24.8%) has increased. At the same population vulnerable to more extreme rejec- 0 20 40 60 80 100 % time, the proportion of people who largely tion of each other. approve has decreased (2010: 55.9%; 2013: Conversely, age and period of residence 51.7%). On the other side of the spectrum made immigrants more willing to accept the S.: GfK survey (February–March 2013). – Only answers of those who provided responses were taken into account.

0,0 0,2 0,4 The Austrian federal states in overview

100 Burgenland Carinthia

Development of the population of foreign Development of the population of foreign nationals since 1961 Population of foreign origin resident in municipalities on 1 January 2013 Population of foreign origin resident in municipalities on 1 January 2013 nationals since 1961

% 22 % 22 20 20 18 18 16 16 14 14 Austria 12 Austria 12 10 10 8 8 6 Neusiedl/See 6 Carinthia 4 4 Burgenland Spittal/Drau Wolfsberg 2 Eisenstadt 2 0 Rust Feldkirchen St. Veit/Glan 0

1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2012 0,20 Mattersburg 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2012 102 Völkermarkt 103 0,18 S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics (average annual Hermagor Klagenfurt S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics (average annual Villach population); revised data from 2007 to 2011 population); revised data from 2007 to 2011 0,16 Population of foreign nationality and/or 0,20 0,14 with a place of birth outside Austria as a 0,18 Population of foreign origin 0,12 Oberpullendorf percentage of the population as a whole Population of foreign origin 0,16 on 1 January 2013 0,10 0.0 – 4.9% 0 10 20 km on 1 January 2013 0,14 0,08 5.0 – 9.9% 0,12 0,06 0,10 Other countries EU countries Oberwart 10.0 – 14.9% Other countries EU countries 0,04 13.0% 0,08 11.7% pre-2004 (14) 15.0 – 19.9% Population of foreign nationality and/or with a pre-2004 (14) 17.9% 0,02 Turkey 0,06 Turkey place of birth outside Austria as a percentage of 33.1% 0,00 20.0% and more 2.3% 5.3% the population as a whole 0,04 0,02 Güssing Form. Yugoslavia 0.0 – 4.9% Form. Yugoslavia 0,00 (excl. Slovenia) (excl. Slovenia) Borders of political districts 5.0 – 9.9% Borders of political districts 19.0% 32.3% Jennersdorf Borders of municipalities 10.0 – 14.9% 0 10 20 km Borders of municipalities EEA/CH EU accession countries Forest, agricultural and uncultivated land 15.0 – 19.9% Forest, agricultural and uncultivated land EU accession countries 1.6% 2004/2007 (12) EEA/CH 2004/2007 (12) 44.5% 2.1% 17.1%

S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics. Lower Austria Upper Austria

Development of the population of foreign Development of the population of foreign nationals since 1961 Population of foreign origin resident in municipalities on 1 January 2013 Population of foreign origin resident in municipalities on 1 January 2013 nationals since 1961

% 22 % 22 20 20 18 18 Waidhofen/Thaya Population of foreign nationality and/or 16 16 Gmünd with a place of birth outside Austria as a 14 14 Austria percentage of the population as a whole Austria 12 12 Horn 10 0.0 – 4.9% 10 Zwettl 8 Hollabrunn Mistelbach 5.0 – 9.9% 8 6 6 Upper Austria Lower Austria 10.0 – 14.9% 4 Rohrbach 4 15.0 – 19.9% Freistadt 2 Krems/Donau 2 20.0% and more 0 Korneuburg Gänserndorf Schärding 0 Tulln 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2012 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2012 104 0,20 105 S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics (average annual Melk Eferding Linz S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics (average annual 0,18 population); revised data from 2007 to 2011 St. Pölten population); revised data from 2007 to 2011 Braunau/Inn Perg 0,16 Grieskirchen 0,20 Amstetten Ried/Innkreis 0,14 Population of foreign origin Mödling Wels Population of foreign origin 0,18 Bruck/Leitha 0,12 on 1 January 2013 Baden on 1 January 2013 0,16 Scheibbs Lilienfeld 0,10 0,14 Steyr 0,08 Waidhofen/Ybbs Vöcklabruck 0,12 0,06 Other countries EU countries Other countries EU countries 0,10 Gmunden 0,04 13.1% pre-2004 (14) Wr. Neustadt Kirchdorf/Krems 13.8% pre-2004 (14) 17.4% 0,08 Population of foreign nationality 19.8% 0,02 Turkey 0,06 Neunkirchen and/or with a place of birth Turkey 0,00 13.3% 0,04 outside Austria as a percentage of 11.5% the population as a whole 0,02 EU accession countries 0 10 20 km 2004/2007 (12) EU accession countries 0,00 0.0 – 4.9% 2004/2007 (12) 18.6% 5.0 – 9.9% Form. Yugoslavia Form. Yugoslavia 28.9% Borders of political districts Borders of political districts EEA/CH (excl. Slovenia) 10.0 – 14.9% (excl. Slovenia) 0.7% EEA/CH Borders of municipalities Borders of municipalities 26.3% 0 10 20 km 35.6% 0.9% Forest, agricultural and uncultivated land 15.0 – 19.9% Forest, agricultural and uncultivated land 20.0% and more S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics. Salzburg Styria

Development of the population of foreign Development of the population of foreign nationals since 1961 Population of foreign origin resident in municipalities on 1 January 2013 Population of foreign origin resident in municipalities on 1 January 2013 nationals since 1961

% 22 % 22 20 0 10 20 km 20 18 18 16 16 14 14 Salzburg Population of foreign nationality and/or with a Austria 12 12 place of birth outside Austria as a percentage of 10 Mürzzuschlag 10 the population as a whole 8 Austria Liezen 8 Styria 6 0.0 – 4.9% 6 4 4 5.0 – 9.9% Bruck/Mur 2 Leoben 2 0 10.0 – 14.9% Salzburg 0 15.0 – 19.9% Hartberg 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2012 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2012 0,20 106 20.0% and more Hallein Weiz 107 S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics (average annual 0,18 S.:Q.: S STATITATISSTITIKCS AU AUSSTRIATRIA, ,Bevölkerungsfortschreibung, population statistics (average Statistik annual des population); revised data from 2007 to 2011 Judenburg population);Bevölkerungsstandes. revised data from 2007 to 2011 0,16 Murau 0,20 0,14 Graz Fürstenfeld 0,18 Voitsberg Population of foreign origin 0,12 Population of foreign origin 0,16 on 1 January 2013 0,10 Feldbach on 1 January 2013 0,14 0,08 St. Johann/Pongau 0,12 Zell/See 0,10 Other countries EU countries 0,06 Deutschlandsberg Other countries EU countries 13.2% pre-2004 (14) 0,04 Population of foreign nationality and/or with a 0,08 Leibnitz 16.9% pre-2004 (14) 29.9% place of birth outside Austria as a percentage of 0,02 21.0% 0,06 Turkey the population as a whole 0,00 Bad Radkersburg 0,04 9.5% Tamsweg Turkey 0.0 – 4.9% 6.7% 0,02 EU accession countries 5.0 – 9.9% 0,00 EU accession countries 2004/2007 (12) 10.0 – 14.9% 12.0% Borders of political districts Borders of political districts 2004/2007 (12) Form. Yugoslavia Borders of municipalities 15.0 – 19.9% 25.7% (excl. Slovenia) EEA/CH 0 10 20 km Borders of municipalities Form. Yugoslavia 34.5% 1.0% Forest, agricultural and uncultivated land 20.0% and more Forest, agricultural and uncultivated land (excl. Slovenia) EEA/CH 28.1% 1.5%

S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics. Tyrol Vorarlberg

Development of the population of foreign Development of the population of foreign nationals since 1961 Population of foreign origin resident in municipalities on 1 January 2013 Population of foreign origin resident in municipalities on 1 January 2013 nationals since 1961

% 22 % 22 20 20 18 18 16 16 14 14 Vorarlberg Kufstein 12 Austria 12 10 Reutte 10 8 Tyrol Kitzbühel 8 Austria 6 Bregenz 6 4 Schwaz 4 Dornbirn 2 Imst Innsbruck 2 0 0

0,20 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2012 Landeck Population of foreign nationality and/or with a 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2012 108 Feldkirch 109 0,18 place of birth outside Austria as a percentage of 0,20 S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics; (average annual S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics (average annual 0,16 the population as a whole population); revised data from 2007 to 2011 Bludenz population); revised data from 2007 to 2011 0,18 0,14 0.0 – 4.9% 0,16 0,12 0,14 Population of foreign origin 5.0 – 9.9% Population of foreign origin on 1 January 2013 0,10 on 1 January 2013 0,12 Lienz 10.0 – 14.9% 0,08 0,10 0,06 0 10 20 km 15.0 – 19.9% 0 10 20 km 0,08 Other countries EU countries 0,04 20.0% and more Population of foreign nationality and/or with a Other countries EU countries 0,06 9.6% pre-2004 (14) 0,02 10.1% pre-2004 (14) 44.9% place of birth outside Austria as a percentage of 0,04 Turkey 32.2% 0,00 0,02 16.4% the population as a whole Borders of political districts 0,00 0.0 – 4.9% Turkey Borders of municipalities 26.8% Form. Yugoslavia 5.0 – 9.9% Forest, agricultural and uncultivated land EU accession countries (excl. Slovenia) 10.0 – 14.9% 2004/2007 (12) 18.6% Borders of political districts 7.6% Borders of municipalities 15.0 – 19.9% Form. Yugoslavia EU accession countries EEA/CH (excl. Slovenia) EEA/CH 2004/2007 (12) Forest, agricultural and uncultivated land 20.0% and more 1.6% 18.7% 4.5% 8.9%

S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics. Vienna The Austrian states in overview Austria Burgenland Carinthia Lower Austria Upper Austria Salzburg Styria Tyrol Vorarlberg Vienna Development of the population of foreign Population on 1 January 2013 (population statistics) nationals since 1961 Population of foreign origin resident in municipalities on 1 January 2013 Total population 8,451,860 286,691 555,473 1,618,592 1,418,498 531,898 1,210,971 715,888 372,603 1,741,246 Population of foreign origin 18.0% 10.1% 11.3% 11.8% 14.2% 18.5% 11.2% 16.9% 20.4% 34.6% of which, foreign nationals 11.9% 6.4% 7.6% 7.4% 8.9% 13.3% 7.5% 11.8% 13.7% 23.0% % 22 Vienna of which, Austrian nationals born abroad 6.1% 3.7% 3.7% 4.4% 5.3% 5.2% 3.7% 5.1% 6.7% 11.6% 20 Population in private households 2012 (microcensus) 18 16 Population in private households 8,351,722 284,166 552,400 1,600,745 1,397,015 526,693 1,200,900 707,296 368,660 1,713,848 14 Total with migration background 18.9% 10.5% 10.0% 13.0% 14.5% 18.7% 10.3% 17.5% 21.3% 38.4% 12 Austria First immigrant generation 14.0% 8.3% 8.1% 9.4% 10.5% 13.6% 8.0% 13.2% 14.8% 28.3% 10 Second immigrant generation 4.9% 2.2% 1.9% 3.6% 4.0% 5.1% 2.2% 4.3% 6.5% 10.1% 8 Migration statistics 2012 6 Population of foreign nationality and/or Migration balance (total) 43,797 1,296 1,701 5,465 6,548 2,057 3,673 3,180 756 19,121 4 with a place of birth outside Austria as a Austrian nationals -7,414 -134 -556 -927 -936 -488 -1,020 -658 -795 -1,900 percentage of the population as a whole 2 21 Foreign nationals 51,211 1,430 2,257 6,392 7,484 2,545 4,693 3,838 1,551 21,021 0 Nationals of EU/EEA countries and Switzerland 31,720 1,006 1,498 2,979 3,929 1,990 3,025 2,851 1,292 13,150 21.9 – 29.9% 19 Third country nationals 19,491 424 759 3,413 3,555 555 1,668 987 259 7,871 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2012 30.0 – 39.9% 110 18 20 Naturalisations 2012 111 0,22 17 22 S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics (average annual populati- 9 40.0% and more 16 Naturalisations (total) 7,043 143 264 1,098 1,148 471 421 577 430 2,491 on); revised data from 2007 to 2011 0,20 14 8 1 2 7 Nationals of EU/EEA countries and Switzerland 10.9% 35.0% 10.6% 13.5% 6.7% 6.2% 14.3% 11.8% 5.8% 11.4% 0,18 15 6 4 3 5 13 Nationals of former Yugoslavia (excl. Slovenia) 40.3% 25.9% 53.8% 41.8% 45.6% 57.3% 42.5% 38.3% 35.1% 34.5% 0,16 12 Population of foreign origin 11 0,14 10 Turkish nationals 17.0% 14.0% 4.9% 20.9% 11.2% 13.8% 7.4% 36.0% 41.2% 13.1% on 1 January 2013 0,12 23 Nationals of other countries 31.7% 25.2% 30.7% 23.9% 36.5% 22.7% 35.9% 13.9% 17.9% 41.0% 0,10 Marriages 2012 0,08 Between Austrian nationals 76.9% 85.2% 86.8% 84.2% 80.6% 75.3% 83.3% 78.7% 71.1% 59.0% Other countries EU countries 22.6% pre-2004 (14) 0,06 Between Austrian nationals and nationals of other countries 17.7% 12.8% 10.9% 12.7% 14.5% 18.8% 12.9% 17.4% 23.2% 29.8% 13.0% 0,04 Between nationals of other countries 5.5% 2.1% 2.3% 3.1% 4.9% 5.9% 3.8% 3.9% 5.6% 11.2% EU accession countries 0,02 0 10 km Employment market data 2012 2004/2007 (12) 0,00 Employed people (total) 3,465,454 96,455 207,092 580,130 616,026 242,905 480,982 305,885 149,596 786,382 22.1% Borders of political districts Turkey of which, foreign nationals 15.2% 18.8% 10.2% 12.9% 11.2% 17.4% 9.9% 17.1% 20.7% 21.7% Borders of municipalities 12.4% Unemployment rate of Austrian nationals 6.5% 8.4% 8.8% 6.9% 4.1% 4.3% 6.4% 5.6% 5.2% 8.6% EEA/CH Forest, agricultural and uncultivated land Unemployment rate of foreign nationals 9.7% 4.9% 12.3% 8.5% 7.8% 6.6% 10.5% 7.4% 6.8% 12.9% Form. Yugoslavia 0.6% (excl. Slovenia) School statistics 2011/2012 29.3% Percentages of pupils whose day-to-day language is not German (total) 18.9% 12.4% 9.5% 11.6% 15.0% 16.0% 10.7% 12.1% 20.0% 43.4% of which, at AHS upper levels and BHS 13.4% 9.8% 8.7% 8.1% 8.7% 10.3% 8.5% 7.5% 10.9% 30.2% of which, at vocational schools and BMS 12.9% 10.7% 5.5% 8.2% 8.8% 10.7% 5.7% 7.9% 10.0% 37.8%

S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics. S.: STATISTICS AUSTRIA, population statistics, microcensus employment, migration statistics, naturalisation statistics, marriage statistics, school statistics. AMS Austria, employment market survey/statistics. Glossary A–N

Age standardisation: Many statistical fac- Birth/death balance: Difference between the ment Service (AMS) (information on unem- Immigration quotas, legal: The maximum an- that the mortality rate in the year of calcula- Migration balance: The difference between tors (e.g. risk of illness) are determined by number of live births and the number of deaths. ployment) and the social insurance bodies nual number of first residence titles for Austria tion will remain constant in future. the number of immigrants arriving in the age. When population groups with differing (information on employed and other insured that can be issued to nationals of third countries country and the number of emigrants leav- age structures are to be compared (such as Child care rate: Proportion of children at- people) are pooled. However, due to on- as specified by the Federal Government on the Main residence: Residential address at ing the country. The value by which popula- groups of Austrian and foreign nationals), pa- tending after-school care clubs, kindergartens going updates (and adjustments), the results advice of the BM.I (Settlement Ordinance; see which a person is registered. In the case of tion fluctuates due to international migration. rameters must be standardised to ensure and crèches as a percentage of the popula- of EMM can differ from those of analysis of §13 Settlement and Residence Act). people with more than one residence, their that they can be compared without statistical tion in the same age range. the databases of the AMS and the main as- main residence is considered to be that Migration surplus/deficiency: If the num- distortion. For the purpose of age standard- sociation of social insurance providers on the Income decile: A decile is one of ten equal around which their personal relationships are ber of immigrants coming into the country isation, figures are weighted in accordance Colloquial language: The main language specified fixed dates. There is also a differ- parts into which sorted data is divided in centred, whereby distance to place of work exceeds the number of emigrants moving with age-specific rates or frequencies con- used to communicate routinely and at home. ence with regard to how employment figures statistics. The lowest decile (or first decile) and place of residence of dependants (espe- away, the migration balance is positive and sistent with the age structure of a standard When children are enrolled to attend school, are calculated. In contrast with the insurance shows the value that separates the lowest cially children) also play a role. there is a migration surplus. If there are more population (e.g. the population as a whole). it is registered; they may, however, also be providers, EMM takes into account numbers 10% from the upper 90% of a data range. emigrants than immigrants, the migration proficient in other languages. of employed people rather than employment. Thus, the net annual income of 90% of those Main working age range: Ages at which balance is negative and there is a migration 112 Ageing, demographic: A fall in the number The unemployment rate calculated on the ba- with a paid occupation is above the lowest in- people normally have a paid occupation. deficiency. 113 and proportion of children and young people Crime victim rate: The number of victims of sis of EMM can thus differ significantly from come decile, while 10% of those with a paid Definitions differ according to duration of ed- (under the age of 14 years) and a concurrent crimes among a population or particular sec- the unemployment rate calculated using the occupation have a net annual income lower ucation and pensionable age, but it is usually Mortality rate: Number of deaths per 1,000 rise in the size of the population of pension- tion of a population. national definition. than the lowest income decile. considered to be the age range 15–64 years. of the population as an average over the year able age (60 years and older) results in an in- as a whole. crease in the average age of the population. Dequalification: Employment of a person in Employment participation: Involvement Infant mortality rate: Number of children Mean, arithmetical: The average of all rele- a job that requires a level of qualification be- of people in paid occupations; can be quan- who die before the age of 12 months per vant values; can be more readily distorted by Naturalisation: Grant of Austrian citizenship; Application approval rate: The number of low that held by the person in question. tified, for example, with the help of the em- 1,000 live births in the same year. outlier values than a median. in most cases, the naturalised person is re- asylum applications approved as a percent- ployment rate. quired to relinquish their previous nationality. age of all processed applications in a calen- Employed persons: Covers manual workers, Level of criminality: The number of sen- Median: The central value exactly in the mid- One of the main requirements for naturalisa- dar year; there is no correlation between the office workers and public service officials. Employment rate: The number of people tenced criminals among a population or a par- dle of a range of values. In other words, exact- tion, alongside the stipulations that the appli- number of submitted applications and the The term excludes persons who are self- with paid occupations aged 15–64 years as ticular section of a population. ly half of all instances are below the median, cant must have sufficient language skills and number of approved applications. employed, persons working for a relative, in- a percentage of the overall population in the while exactly half are above it. A median is not pass the citizenship test, is that the applicant dependent contractor and contract workers. same age range. Life expectancy: The number of years for the same as an arithmetical mean and is more must have been continuously and legally resi- Birth rate: Number of live births per 1,000 which a person can expect on average to robust when it comes to extreme values. dent in Austria for at least ten years (six years of the population over the year as a whole. Employment market monitoring (EMM): Housing cost quotient: The proportion that survive after a certain point in time (usually since 30 July 2013). For the purposes of EMM, the databases accommodation costs represent of total birth). It is assumed for calculation purposes Migration background: See Population with maintained by the Austrian Public Employ- household income. a migration background. N–U R–U

Number of children, average: The average Population of Austrian origin: Total number homes, prisons, boarding schools, refugee Residence card: Issued to citizens of third Right of free movement: Nationals of an Stillbirth: The World Health Organisation de- number of children born to a woman during of Austrian citizens born in Austria. accommodation, barracks, monasteries etc.). countries who are dependants of citizens of EU or EEA country and Switzerland and their fines a stillbirth as a child with a weight at her lifetime. It is assumed for calculation pur- an EEA country or Switzerland with right of family dependants have the right to reside in birth of at least 500 g that exhibits neither poses that the age-specific fertility in the year Population of foreign origin: Total number Professions, liberal: Self-employed people, residence here to document their right to re- Austria for more than 3 months if they meet respiration, heartbeat nor any other form of of calculation will remain constant in future. of foreign nationals plus Austrian nationals freelances and those working under contract. main in Austria for more than 3 months in the legal criteria. They do not require a res- vital sign on leaving the uterus. Stillbirths The average number of children (total fertility born outside Austria. accordance with Directive 2004/38/EC; pre- idence title, but must apply for a residence with a weight at birth of less than 500 g are rate) is the sum of age-specific fertility rates, Proportion of non-Austrians: Number of cursor to a permanent residence permit. certificate or residence card. defined as miscarriages and are not regis- i.e. the number of children born to a woman Population with a migration background: foreign nationals as a percentage of the pop- tered. in a specific age range relative to the number Total number of people whose two parents ulation as a whole. Residence certificate: Issued to citizens Risk of poverty: At risk of sliding into pover- of women in that age range. were both born outside Austria. Those peo- of EU and EEA countries and Switzerland ty are those whose annual per capita adjust- Tertiary education: All forms of education ple who were themselves born outside Rate of stillbirths: Stillbirths per 1,000 live to document their right to residence in Aus- ed household income is below 60% of the for which a university entrance qualification Offence/crime: Under Austrian law, legal vio- Austria belong to the “first immigrant gener- births in the same calendar year. It should be tria for more than 3 months in accordance median of all incomes (= poverty threshold). (Matura) is required. In Austria, tertiary edu- lations are divided into two forms. Crimes are ation”; children born in Austria to immigrant borne in mind with regard to the calculation with Directive 2004/38/EC and precursor to All state welfare payments are taken into ac- cation institutes are colleges, vocational and 114 deliberate breaches of law that may be pun- parents born outside Austria belong to the of the rate of stillbirths that stillbirths are not a permanent residence title. count, such as family allowance, child-care teacher-training academies, universities of 115 ished by imprisonment for 3 years or more up “second immigrant generation”. included in the reference population. allowance, unemployment benefit, sickness applied sciences and universities. to lifelong imprisonment. All other punishable Residence permit: Required under Austri- benefit, accident benefit, care allowance, violations are considered offences. Poverty, manifest: Those who state that Relative mortality: In order to represent dif- an settlement and residence legislation by disability pension, scholarships and grants, Third country national: A foreigner who is they are unable to afford two or more essen- ferences between mortality rates in various nationals of third countries who wish to re- housing benefit and social assistance. not a national of an EU/EEA country or Swit- Origin: See Population of foreign origin or tial elements of daily life (adequate heating, reference groups, the concept of “relative side in Austria. Residence permit is granted zerland. Austrian origin. regular payment of rent or accommodation mortality” is employed. In the example provid- for a particular purpose. Should the purpose School leaving certificate: Issued on suc- overheads, necessary visits to physicians ed, the age-specific mortality rate of peopleof of residence in Austria change, a settlement cessful completion of 9th grade at a school Unemployment rate (international defini- Overall labour force: The total of employed and dentists, unexpected expenses (repairs), foreign origin is represented by numerators and permit may be issued instead. in Austria. tion): Number of people who work less than and unemployed people. new clothing, food) are said to be living in the age-specific mortality rate of those of Aus- one hour per week at time of registration, manifest (visible) poverty. trian origin is represented by denominators. Residence title: Citizens of third countries Segregation: The above average concentra- who have been actively seeking employment Period of residence: The period for which a If the mortality rate of people of foreign origin who reside in Austria for more than 6 months tion of individual nationality groups in com- for the previous 4 weeks and are available for person is regarded as having their main res- Private household: A private household rep- is higher than that of people of Austrian ori- (with the exception of asylum seekers and parison with the population as a whole in a work as a percentage of the overall labour idence in Austria is the result of the differ- resents all people living together in shared ac- gin in the same age group, the result is great- those with recognised refugee status) require low number of residential areas (e.g. local force aged 15–74 years. ence between the time of registration and commodation whereby these people do not er than 1. Values less than 1 indicate a lower a residence title (provisional residential sta- municipalities); is expressed in the form of a deregistration with the residential registra- need to have a family relationship. Not includ- mortality rate while if the value is precisely or tus, temporary residence, residence title with segregation index. tion authority. ed in the definition of private households are very close to 1, the mortality rate of the two fixed-term settlement, residence title for fam- institutional households (retirement and care reference groups is (more or less) identical. ily dependants and for long-term residence). U Country classifications

Unemployment rate (national definition): Short forms of nationalities and coun- Countries of the European Union pre-2004 EEA countries: EU countries and Iceland, Number of people registered with the Austri- tries of birth used in this brochure (sta- (EU-14; excluding Austria): Belgium, Den- Liechtenstein, Norway. an Public Employment Service (AMS) as un- tus of regions 1 January 2013): mark, Germany, Finland, France, Greece, Ire- employed as a percentage of the “potential land, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Minor countries affiliated with the Euro- labour force” (= total employed plus unem- Portugal, Sweden, Spain, United Kingdom. pean Union: Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, ployed people). Those on training courses or in Vatican City State. education are not registered as unemployed. Countries that acceded to the European Union on 1 May 2004: Estonia, Latvia, Lithu- Former Yugoslavia (excluding Slovenia): ania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Czech Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, Croatia, Mace- Republic, Hungary, Cyprus. donia, Montenegro, Serbia.

Countries that acceded to the European Union on 1 January 2007: Bulgaria, Romania. 116 117 Overview of integration indicators Imprint

Media owner Printed by STATISTIK AUSTRIA – Bundesanstalt Statistik Österreich, Austrian Federal Ministry of the Interior Guglgasse 13, 1110 Vienna Language and education Health and social issues Identification Image acknowledgements 11 Children in pre-school care facilities 2011 13 Net annual income 2011 (median) of those 23 Marriages between people of Austrian Austrian Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI), Cover: BM.I, S. Feiner, Fotolia.com, iStockphoto, ÖIF, C. Redtenbacher, W. Tadros by age and nationality with paid occupations for 12 months and foreign origin 2012 by origin of the Herrengasse 7, 1014 Vienna Helmreich Photographie (3 portrait photo Wolf-Maier) C. Redtenbacher (6, 22, 30, 36, 38, 58) 22 Children requiring remedial language (excluding apprentices) by nationality foreign partner Compiled by ÖIF (20, 34, 46, 86) help 2008 by colloquial language and at- 14 Risk of poverty and manifest poverty 24 Naturalisations 2012 as a percentage of STATISTIK AUSTRIA – Bundesanstalt Statistik Österreich, Weinfranz (48) Guglgasse 13, 1110 Vienna tendance at kindergarten 2009–2011 by nationality people resident in Austria for at least 10 Fotolia.com (24) 33 School pupils in the school year 2011/ 15 Life expectancy in 2012 at birth and at years by previous nationality Kommission für Migrations- und Integrationsforschung iStockphoto (32, 34, 40, 44, 54, 56, 62, 74, 78, 80) 2012 by type of school and nationality age 65 years by gender and origin der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, BMI/Egon Weissheimer (70, 72) 44 Regularly matriculated foreign students 16 Use of preventive healthcare services Subjective views of integration Postgasse 7/4/2, 1010 Vienna plainpicture – Fancy Images (94) at public universities in winter semester 2007 (inoculation, early diagnostic and 25 Surveys to determine views of integra- Place of publication and production ISBN 978-3-200-03394-8 2011/12 screening options) by gender and origin tion in 2013 of the population as a whole Vienna 2013 This project is being co-financed by the European Integration Fund and the Aus- 55 Level of education of the population aged and of selected groups of immigrants 118 Authors of the German source text trian Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI). 25–64 years in 2012 by migration back- Security Dr. Erika Baldaszti, This publication and the data contained therein are protected by copyright. All ground status 17 Level of criminality 2012 by age and na- Dipl.-Demogr. Ina Jaschinski, rights are reserved by STATISTICS AUSTRIA, Federal Institution under Public Law 66 Early school leavers after 8th grade 2011 tionality Univ.-Doz. Dr. Josef Kytir, (Bundesanstalt Statistik Österreich). Reproduction, distribution, publication and by colloquial language and school type 18 Crime victim rate 2012 by nationality (all Dr. Stephan Marik-Lebeck, non-commercial use of the contents of this report is permitted. Written authori- crimes/offences) Mag. Peter Alexander Rumpolt, sation of STATISTICS AUSTRIA, Federal Institution under Public Law (Bundesan- Mag. Alexander Wisbauer Work and employment stalt Statistik Österreich) must be sought for commercial use. In all cases, any – STATISTIK AUSTRIA type of use is only permitted if the information is reproduced correctly and with 77 Employment rates 2012 by age, gender Housing and regional distribution proper citation of the source – “STATISTICS AUSTRIA”. If extracts or individual and migration background status 19 Per capita living space 2012 by migration Univ.-Prof. Dr. Heinz Faßmann – Kommission für Migrations- und Integrations- forschung parts are reproduced or if any other changes are made to the tables published by 88 Self-employed people 2012 by migration background status of the household rep- der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften STATISTICS AUSTRIA, a note has to be added in suitable position to show that background status and gender resentative the data used has been edited. STATISTICS AUSTRIA and all the collaborators of 99 Unemployment rates 2012 by nationality 20 Housing cost quotients 2009–2011 by Proofreader of the German source text this publication have carefully researched and compiled its contents. Neverthe- and level of education nationality Christine Pinc less, it is not possible to entirely rule out any errors. For this reason, the authors of this report accept no liability for the accuracy, completeness and topicality of 10 Those with paid occupations 2012 by 21 Legal position of housing 2012 by migra- Translation the contents. In particular, they accept no liability for any direct or indirect conse- nationality and highest level of education tion background of the household repre- translingua, www.translingua.at quences arising through the direct or indirect use of the contents published here- 11 Long term unemployment 2012 by na- sentative Graphic design in. Please send details of any errors to the editorial department. tionality 22 Population on 1 January 2013 in muni- vektorama. grafik.design.strategie OG This publication is available online in electronic format at www.integration.at, 12 Youth unemployment 2012 by nationality caplities with an immigrant proportion of ARTE GRAFICA – Atelier für grafische Gestaltung www.integrationsfonds.at and www.statistik.at. more than 25% by origin Mag. Karl Stefan Nolz, www.artegrafica.at © STATISTIK AUSTRIA

Notes 2013 978-3-200-03394-8

figures.data.indicators 2013 figures.data.indicators

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