GENDER ASSESMENT of PHASE 1 Lgas FINAL REPORT
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
GENDER ASSESMENT OF PHASE 1 LGAs FINAL REPORT JUNE 2018 June, 2018 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by the Public Sector Systems Strengthening (PS3) Activity located in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, under Contract AID-621- C-15-00003 with USAID/Tanzania The USAID/Tanzania Public Sector Systems Strengthening Activity (PS3) USAID/Tanzania Public Sector Systems Strengthening Activity (PS3) overarching goal is to support the Government of Tanzania to strengthen the public system to promote the delivery, quality, and use of services, particularly for underserved populations. Led by Abt Associates, PS3 is implemented in partnership with Benjamin William Mkapa Foundation, Broad Branch Associates, IntraHealth International, Local Government Training Institute, Tanzania Mentors Association, University of Dar es Salaam and Urban Institute. June 2018 Contract No: AID-621-C-15-00003 Cover Photo: A woman smiles down at her new grandchild at the Buhigwe dispensary in Buhigwe district, Kigoma region, during filming of PS3’s FFARS video (Photo: John D. Lyimo, True Vision). DISCLAIMER The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of the PS3 Activity and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. v CONTENTS Contents ............................................................................................................................ 6 Acronyms ......................................................................................................................... 8 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................... 10 Current status of gender in governance systems: ..................................................... 10 Current status of gender in human resources management: ..................................... 12 Current status of gender in finance: ......................................................................... 12 Current status of gender in information systems: ..................................................... 13 Next Steps ................................................................................................................ 13 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 14 2. Women’s Status in Tanzania: An Overview ........................................................ 16 3. Gender Assessment Methodology ........................................................................... 20 2.1 Assessment Tools ............................................................................................ 20 2.2 Sample ............................................................................................................. 20 2.3 Assessment Teams ........................................................................................... 20 3. Assessment Findings .............................................................................................. 21 3.1 Implementation of the National Gender Equality Commitments ..................... 21 3.2 Gender in Information Systems ....................................................................... 25 3.3 Gender in Finance ............................................................................................ 26 3.4 Gender in Human Resources Management ...................................................... 32 3.5 Governance and Citizen Engagement .............................................................. 35 3.6 Gender in Monitoring and Evaluation .............................................................. 42 3.7 Gender Related Impediments and Solutions .................................................... 43 4. Summary of Key Findings and Recommendations ............................................. 45 4.1 Summary of Key Findings ............................................................................... 45 4.2 Recommendations ............................................................................................ 46 4.3 Next Steps ........................................................................................................ 46 5. References .............................................................................................................. 48 6. Annexes ................................................................................................................... 51 6.1 Annex 1: Examples of Displayed Brochures - Ruangwa DC ........................... 51 6.2 Annex 2: ToRs of Community Development Officers ..................................... 52 List of Tables and Figures Table 1: Trends in quota system from 1985 to 2015 general elections .................................. 17 Table 2: Availability of gender related documents ...................................................................... 21 Table 3: Funds Budgeted and disbursed to the CDDs (TZS’ 000) .......................................... 27 Table 4: Proportion of OSR allocated to women and youth (10% of 100% of OSR) ........ 29 Table 5: Number of SACCOS and VICOBA, 2017 .................................................................... 30 Table 6: List of the management positions occupied by women ............................................. 32 Table 7: Total Number of CDOs and SWO in the 26 LGA ...................................................... 33 Table 8: Number of COWSOs in the 26 LGAs ............................................................................ 36 Table 9: Women’s participation in leadership positions in the sampled 26 LGAs ............. 39 Table 10: Average number of business licenses issued .............................................................. 41 Table 11: Correlation coefficient between business licenses issued to women and own source revenue to women specific interventions ....................................................... 41 6 Table 12: Availability of sex disaggregated data at LGAs ........................................................ 43 Table 13: Main obstacles in gender mainstreaming in LGAs................................................... 44 Figure 1: Gender based spouse violence ........................................................................................ 18 Figure 2: Percentage of women and men aged 15-49 across African countries who agree that a husband is justified in beating his wife for specific reasons ....................... 19 Figure 3: Trends in women’s participation in decision making ............................................... 40 7 ACRONYMS ADS Automated Directive System CDD Community Development Department CDO Community Development Officer CEDAW Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women CMT Council Management Team COWSO Community-Owned Water Supply Organizations DC District Council DED District Executive Director GBV Gender-Based Violence GDP Gross Domestic Product GFP Gender Focal Person GOT Government of Tanzania ICT Information, Communication and Technology LGA Local Government Authority MDG Millennium Development Goals MP Member of Parliament NGO Non-Governmental Organization NMB National Microfinance Bank O&OD Opportunities and Obstacles to Development OSR Own Source Revenue PS3 Public Sector Systems Strengthening RPM Regional Program Manager SACCOS Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies SADC Southern Africa Development Cooperation SDG Sustainable Development Goals SIDO Small Industries Development Organization SWO Social Work Officer TDHS Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey TGNP Tanzania Gender Networking Program ToR Terms of Reference TWCC Tanzania Women Chamber of Commerce URT United Republic of Tanzania USAID United States Agency for International Development 8 VEO Village Executive Officer VICOBA Village Community Bank WDF Women Development Fund WEO Ward Executive Officer YDF Youth Development Fund 9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In addition to being a human right, promoting gender equality positively contributes to economic and human development outcomes. To accelerate progress toward gender equality, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has committed to integrating gender in all its programs. The USAID-funded Public Sector Systems Strengthening Project (PS3) conducted a gender assessment in 26 out of the 97 Local Government Authorities (LGAs) where it operates in Tanzania to identify opportunities for gender mainstreaming in its work within the finance, governance, human resources and information systems of LGAs in Tanzania. The following summary highlights the current status in Tanzania of key gender equality indicators in the areas of governance systems, human resource management, finance and information systems, and highlights the initial steps the PS3 project will take to contribute towards gender equality. Current status of gender in governance systems: Indicator: Availability of policies, laws and strategic plans Access to relevant gender-related policies, strategies, acts/regulations, guidelines and by-laws is a first step towards gender integration, as the documents clarify the required mandates and can be used to guide the gender integration process. Currently the top three documents that LGAs have access to are: The Law of the Child Act No. 21 of 2009, The Land Act and Village Land Act of 1999, and the National Policy Guide for the Provision of Services to Most Vulnerable Children in LGAs. Nearly half of the LGAs had the Sexual Offences Special