DOCSLIB.ORG

NCCU School of Law Library Deborah Mayo Jefferies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
NCCU School of Law Library Deborah Mayo Jefferies North Carolina Central Law Review Volume 36 Article 3 Number 2 Volume 36, Number 2 7-1-2014 A History of Struggle: NCCU School of Law Library Deborah Mayo Jefferies Follow this and additional works at: https://archives.law.nccu.edu/ncclr Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Law and Race Commons, Legal Education Commons, and the Legal History Commons Recommended Citation Jefferies, Deborah Mayo (2014) "A History of Struggle: NCCU School of Law Library," North Carolina Central Law Review: Vol. 36 : No. 2 , Article 3. Available at: https://archives.law.nccu.edu/ncclr/vol36/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by History and Scholarship Digital Archives. It has been accepted for inclusion in North Carolina Central Law Review by an authorized editor of History and Scholarship Digital Archives. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Jefferies: A History of Struggle: NCCU School of Law Library A HISTORY OF STRUGGLE: NCCU SCHOOL OF LAW LIBRARY DEBORAH MAYO JEFFERIES* TABLE OF CONTENTS THE BEGINNING: 1619 - 1929... ........................ 170 Societal Attitudes and Legislation ....................... 170 Professional Standardsfor Law Libraries ................. 172 THE "JIM CROW" OR SEGREGATION ERA: 1930 -1939 ........ 173 Societal Attitudes and Legislation .......................... 173 Professional Standardsfor Law Libraries ................... 174 THE "SEPARATE BUT NOT EQUAL" ERA: 1940 -1949......... 175 Societal Attitudes and Legislation .......................... 175 Professional Standardsfor Law Libraries ................... 178 A "Qualified" Librarian ..................................... 178 An "Adequate" Library ...................................... 185 THE DESEGREGATION ERA: 1950 - 1959 ...................... 190 Societal Attitudes and Legislation .......................... 190 Professional Standardsfor Law Libraries ................... 192 A "Qualified" Librarian ..................................... 192 An "Adequate" Library ...................................... 194 THE INTEGRATION ERA: 1960 - 1969.......................... 202 Societal Attitudes and Legislation ............................ 202 Professional Standardsfor Law Libraries ................... 205 A "Qualified" Librarian ..................................... 205 An "Adequate" Library ...................................... 206 THE ERA OF UNCERTAINTY: 1970 - 1979...................... 211 Societal Attitudes and Legislation ....................... 211 Professional Standardsfor Law Libraries................. 214 A "Qualified" Librarian .............................. 214 An "Adequate" Library ............................... 216 THE DIVERSITY ERA: 1980 - 1989........................ 224 Societal Attitudes and Legislation ....................... 224 Professional Standardsfor Law Libraries................. 227 A "Qualified" Librarian .............................. 227 * Deborah Mayo Jefferies retired from NCCU School of Law in 2012, where she served as law library director for 23 years. She received her B.A. and M.S.LS from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and her J.D. Degree from North Carolina Central University. 168 Published by History and Scholarship Digital Archives, 2014 1 North Carolina Central Law Review, Vol. 36, No. 2 [2014], Art. 3 2014] THE HISTORY OF NCCU'S LAW LIBRARY 169 THE TECHNOLOGY ERA: 1990 - 1999... ................. 242 Societal Attitudes and Legislation ....................... 242 Professional Standards for Law Libraries................. 243 A "Qualified" Librarian .............................. 243 An "Adequate" Library .............................. 245 THE COMPETITIVE ERA: 2000 - 2009 .............. ....... 262 Societal Attitudes and Legislation ....................... 262 ProfessionalStandards for Law Libraries ................. 265 A Qualified Librarian. ................................ 265 An "Adequate" Library .............................. 266 EPILOGUE ...................................................... 277 INTRODUCTION "A group of people without a written history is doomed to repeat it, both the successes and failures."' Although the law library was histori- cally extolled as the "heart" or "laboratory" 2 of a law school, written histories of law schools are oftentimes quiet, if not silent, about the events and circumstances that contributed to the development of their libraries.3 Therefore, as I prepared to leave North Carolina Central University (NCCU) School of Law Library, after nearly two and a half decades as its director, I felt it necessary to record its history for 1. George W. Reid, James Edward Shepard, The Founder: An Educational and Commu- nity Leader and Fundraiser 8 (Sept. 26, 1984) (unpublished manuscript of a five-part transcribed symposium on the history of North Carolina Central University, from the perspective of univer- sity and community) (on file with the NCCU Shepard Library Archives). 2. GLEN-PETER AHLERS, SR., THE HISTORY OF LAW ScHooi LIBiRARIIS IN THE UNITED STATEs: FROM LABORATORY TO CYBERSPAC 93-94 (2002). 3. See, e.g., JULIUS GoEi.L, JR., FOUND. FOR RESEARCH IN LEGAL His iouy, A HISTORY oF Tim Scnool. OF LAW, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY (1955) ; Harry G. Henn, The Cornell Law School - Its History & Traditions, 37 N.Y. ST. B.J. 146 (1965); ARTiHUR E. SUTHERLAND, THE LAW AT HARVARD: A HisToRY OF IDEAS AND MEN 1817-1967 (1967); PHILIP S. MOORE, A CENTURY OF LAW AT NOTIRE DAME (1969); DAVID I. MAYS, TFE PURSUIT OF ExcELLENCE: A HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSITY oF' RICHMOND LAW ScHooL (1970); Robert H. McKenzie, Far- rah's Future: The First 100 Years of the University of Alabama Law School 1872-1972, 25 ALA. L. REv. 121 (1972); C. Maxwell Dieffenbach, The Origin & Development of the Salmon P. Chase College of Law, N. Ky. L. FORuM 10 (1973); Jonathan Evan Maslow, The Preposterous and Altogether Unlikely Story of Vermont Law School, 44 JURIS DR. (May 1974); Vonciel Jones, Texas Southern University School of Law - The Beginning, 4 TEx. S. U. L. Ruv. 197 (1976); FRANK L. ELLSWORTH, LAW ON THE MIDWAY: THE FOUNDING OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CII- CAGo LAW Scuool (1977); Albert Coates, The Story of the Law School at the University of North Carolina, 47 N.C. L. REv. 1 (1968-1969); Robert A. Stein, In Pursuit of Excellence: A History of the University of Minnesota Law School Part 1: The Pattee Years- A Time of Accom- modation, 62 MINN. L. REV. 488 (1978); Robert A. Stein, In Pursuit of Excellence: A History of the University of Minnesota Law School Part 4: The Pirsig Years- A Time of Transition, 1948- 1955, 63 MINN. L. REv. 299 (1979); SANDRA P. EISrrIN, LAW Al BERKLEY: TillE HISTORY OF BOALT HALL (1997); JAMES A. RAIL & KURT SciwERIN, NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY ScHooL OF LAW: A SHoRT HISTORY (1960); W. Hamilton Bryson, The History of Legal Educa- tion in Virginia, 14 U. RICH. L. REV. 155 (1979) (recording the history of the law school but with little, if any reference to the law library). https://archives.law.nccu.edu/ncclr/vol36/iss2/3 2 Jefferies: A History of Struggle: NCCU School of Law Library 170 NORTH CAROLINA CENTRAL LAW REVIEW [Vol. 36:168 future generations. It is the intent of this article to preserve the his- tory of a law library that was born in segregation, raised in discrimina- tion, and refused to die in the wake of integration and affirmative action. I will describe how judicial decisions and legislation as well as societal attitudes toward African Americans impacted the history of the law library. I will further discuss the professional standards for law libraries which mandated how the law librarians that preceded me managed the law library at NCCU School of Law. My story begins with the premise that law library directors at NCCU School of Law faced many challenges, mainly due to racism. This article chronicles the history of the law library by dividing the past into ten-year periods, each decennial representing a distinct era in its history. Within each era, I discuss how societal attitudes about African Americans made it difficult for the NCCU School of Law, and ultimately the law library, to exist. Focusing specifically on the law library's directors, collections, facilities, and services, I will describe how the NCCU School of Law provided a library that was at least "adequate" for training law students.' I will also explore the ways NCCU School of Law was able to provide a librarian, "qualified," to develop and maintain "effective library service,"s despite the fact that academia largely believed anyone could do the job. Finally I explain how the law library struggled to overcome insufficient funding for col- lection building, insufficient space to house the minimal books col- lected, and still managed to survive, despite insufficient staff to process and maintain the collection. THE BEGINNING: 1619 - 1929 Societal Attitudes and Legislation "It's always best to start at the beginning,"6 so that is where I will begin in order to forge an understanding and appreciation of the ob- stacles that NCCU School of Law and its law library have overcome. This story begins with a society that embraced institutionalized racism and the concept "that the white race is superior to and should have supremacy over all others."' Institutionalized racism for African 4. AI.FRS, supra note 2, at 48. 5. AHLERS, supra note 2, at 52. 6. This is the advice Glenda, the "good witch" in the 1939 movie classic, Tiim WIZARD OF Oz, gave to Dorothy when she asked how to begin her journey to the Emerald City. TIHE WiZ- ARD OF Oz (Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer 1939). I am beginning
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Civil Rights Activism in Raleigh and Durham, North Carolina, 1960-1963
    SUTTELL, BRIAN WILLIAM, Ph.D. Campus to Counter: Civil Rights Activism in Raleigh and Durham, North Carolina, 1960-1963. (2017) Directed by Dr. Charles C. Bolton. 296 pp. This work investigates civil rights activism in Raleigh and Durham, North Carolina, in the early 1960s, especially among students at Shaw University, Saint Augustine’s College (Saint Augustine’s University today), and North Carolina College at Durham (North Carolina Central University today). Their significance in challenging traditional practices in regard to race relations has been underrepresented in the historiography of the civil rights movement. Students from these three historically black schools played a crucial role in bringing about the end of segregation in public accommodations and the reduction of discriminatory hiring practices. While student activists often proceeded from campus to the lunch counters to participate in sit-in demonstrations, their actions also represented a counter to businesspersons and politicians who sought to preserve a segregationist view of Tar Heel hospitality. The research presented in this dissertation demonstrates the ways in which ideas of academic freedom gave additional ideological force to the civil rights movement and helped garner support from students and faculty from the “Research Triangle” schools comprised of North Carolina State College (North Carolina State University today), Duke University, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Many students from both the “Protest Triangle” (my term for the activists at the three historically black schools) and “Research Triangle” schools viewed efforts by local and state politicians to thwart student participation in sit-ins and other forms of protest as a restriction of their academic freedom.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Properties in the Alabama Register Is Available Alphabetically
    468 S. Perry Street Montgomery, Alabama 36130-0900 Voice: (334)242-3184 Fax: (334)262-1083 www.ahc.alabama.gov THE ALABAMA REGISTER OF LANDMARKS & HERITAGE AS OF JULY 13, 2021 All Alabama properties listed in the National Register of Historic Places are automatically considered listed in the Alabama Register of Landmarks & Heritage. However, they will not appear on this list unless the property was first listed in the Alabama Register. To see a list of National Register properties in Alabama, click here. Click on the county name below to go directly to beginning of each county listing in this document. Autauga^ Baldwin^ Barbour^ Bibb^ Blount^ Bullock^ Butler^ Calhoun^ Chambers^ Cherokee^ Chilton^ Choctaw^ Clarke^ Clay^ Cleburne^ Coffee^ Colbert^ Conecuh^ Coosa^ Covington Crenshaw Cullman Dale Dallas^ Dekalb Elmore Escambia^ Etowah Fayette Franklin Geneva Greene Hale Henry Houston Jackson Jefferson Lamar Lauderdale Lawrence Lee^ Limestone Lowndes Macon Madison^ Marengo Marion^ Marshall Mobile Monroe Montgomery Morgan Perry Pickens Pike Randolph Russell St. Clair Shelby Sumter^ Talladega^ Tallapoosa Tuscaloosa Walker^ Washington^ Wilcox^ Winston^ ^Digital pdf files are available for these counties. Click on name of listing. AUTAUGA COUNTY Autaugaville Historic District, Autaugaville c. 1840s-1949 Listed: 10/7/98 Bell House, 550 Upper Kingston Road, Prattville (NRHP) c. 1893 Listed: 10/7/98 Gin Shop Hill Water Tank c. 1900 Listed: 1/31/78 Ivy Creek Methodist Church and Cemetery, 3530 Highway 14 W, Autaugaville 1854 & 1950 Listed: 06/27/19 Johnson, Billy, Place, Deatsville c. 1888 Listed: 7/29/92 Johnson-Rawlinson House, Pine Flat Community c. 1867-70 Listed: 10/4/96 Lamar Estate Family Home and Statesville School Site, Mulberry vicinity c.
    [Show full text]
  • A Chronology of the Civil Ríg,Hts Movement in the Deep South, 1955-68
    A Chronology of the Civil Ríg,hts Movement in the Deep South, 1955-68 THE MONTGOMERY December l, 1955-Mrs. Rosa L. Parks is BUS BOYCOTT arrested for violating the bus-segregation ordinance in Montgomery, Alabama. December 5, 1955-The Montgomery Bus Boycott begins, and Rev. Martin.Luther King, Jr., 26, is elected president of the Montgomery Improvement Association. December 21, lgsG-Montgomery's buses are integrated, and the Montgomery Im- provement Association calls off its boy- cott after 381 days. January l0-l l, 1957-The Southern Chris- tian Leadership Conference (SCLC) is founded, with Dr. King as president. THE STUDENT February l, 1960-Four black students sit SIT-INS in at the Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, N.C., starting a wavg of stu- dent protest that sweeps the Deep South. April 15, 1960-The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) is found- ed at Shaw University in Raleigh, N.C. October l9¿7, 1960-Dr. King is jailed during a sit-in at Rich's Department Store in Atlanta and subsequently transferred to a maximum security prison' Democratic presidential nominee John F. Kennedy telephones Mrs. King to express his con- cern dogs, fire hoses, and mass arrests that fill the jails. THE FREEDOM May 4,1961-The Freedom Riders, led by RIDES James Farmer of the Congress of Racial May 10, 1963-Dr. King and Rev. Fred L. Equality (CORE), leave Washington, Shuttlesworth announce that Birming- D.C., by bus. ham's white leaders have agreed to a de- segregation plan. That night King's motel May 14,196l-A white mob burns a Free- is bombed, and blacks riot until dawn.
    [Show full text]
  • By Albert Turner, Jr. Turner, Jr. Oppose Renaming the Edmund
    By Albert Turner, Jr. Turner, Jr. Oppose Renaming the Edmund Pettus Bridge As the son of Albert Turner, Sr. one of the leaders of the Bloody Sunday March, I oppose the renaming the Edmund Pettus Bridge. People don't come to Selma to see Edmund Pettus. Nor do they come to glorified him. Former Congressman John Lewis didn't call the Bloody Sunday March. To introduce a local Bill to say only the people of Dallas County should have a vote on renaming the Bridge is an insult to all those other Black-Belt counties residents who came to risk their lives for the right to vote on the Edmund Pettus Bridge in 1965. Some people in Selma have altered enough history about Bloody Sunday and they were not there. It troubles me how the movie "Selma " and other profiteers have distorted the voting rights movement. Ms. Oprah Winfrey did acknowledge the fact the movie was not a documentary, it was fiction. However, others keep trying to alter history that they didn't make," Dallas County residents did not make up a tenth of the people on the bridge on Bloody Sunday. My father who was there shared the accurate account of that historic day. He informed me on a number of occasions that they were scared, and that Dr. King told them not to go forward with the march. The fear that people would be killed because they could not protect them from the mob of Alabama State Troopers that were on hand. They were not there to be famous; they were there fighting for the rights of African Americans to have voting rights and to protest the killing of Jimmie Lee Jackson.
    [Show full text]
  • Lift Every Voice
    CHAPTER SEVEN Selma, Alabama, June 1985: Building Bridges from the Bottom Up W HolJT," ROfe Sanden ha<l warned me when the picked me up from the airport in Montgomery in Iune 1985, a wtek prior ro the flnt day of trial. •s.!ma Clln change you, M Rote wlrispem:l. ~selma changes people's u~.. It ch1Jl8fd my life." Rose was remindi.rlg me of the nffii to mnlln COI\Mded to the paasion and indlgn&don that gave the dvil rights movoment its nrength and its reaillenar. By the m.ld- 1~ th<e dvil ris)lo movement was in danRer of sua:umbing ro empty plmi~es and JYIOflll lndifferenca in the Wiute House and Congress, where a few fmOOth phrases about voting rightl resembled the obliga­ tory nondanominational pnyer. • meaningless sesture In which the words carry no Jubs~ance. "Watch out, • Rose repeated, smiling this time despite the heat. It wa6 one of t:hoae 'ultry, heavy Alabema summer afttrnoont. I oould feel my forehead already slistening with sweat. /U we dtovu &om the airport to Selma, Rose wos expla.ining her dedsion to •m.lc there. R0$4! was guided by a romantic vision that peid tribute to Selma u a site of historic struggle. 1\ut her life wu hardly the stu!f of f.mtasy. Her deli· nitlon of a S®Cnsfullifc meant a:mtinuing that~ At live f.eot five, Rose Sanders is a duvith of ~ergy and enrhusi­ um. One of htr most strllcing c:hanctemtics is her voice. If sounds perpetually hotne, almost grawlly, as if driven by an inner urgency and paseion.
    [Show full text]
  • AHA Colloquium
    Cover.indd 1 13/10/20 12:51 AM Thank you to our generous sponsors: Platinum Gold Bronze Cover2.indd 1 19/10/20 9:42 PM 2021 Annual Meeting Program Program Editorial Staff Debbie Ann Doyle, Editor and Meetings Manager With assistance from Victor Medina Del Toro, Liz Townsend, and Laura Ansley Program Book 2021_FM.indd 1 26/10/20 8:59 PM 400 A Street SE Washington, DC 20003-3889 202-544-2422 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.historians.org Perspectives: historians.org/perspectives Facebook: facebook.com/AHAhistorians Twitter: @AHAHistorians 2020 Elected Officers President: Mary Lindemann, University of Miami Past President: John R. McNeill, Georgetown University President-elect: Jacqueline Jones, University of Texas at Austin Vice President, Professional Division: Rita Chin, University of Michigan (2023) Vice President, Research Division: Sophia Rosenfeld, University of Pennsylvania (2021) Vice President, Teaching Division: Laura McEnaney, Whittier College (2022) 2020 Elected Councilors Research Division: Melissa Bokovoy, University of New Mexico (2021) Christopher R. Boyer, Northern Arizona University (2022) Sara Georgini, Massachusetts Historical Society (2023) Teaching Division: Craig Perrier, Fairfax County Public Schools Mary Lindemann (2021) Professor of History Alexandra Hui, Mississippi State University (2022) University of Miami Shannon Bontrager, Georgia Highlands College (2023) President of the American Historical Association Professional Division: Mary Elliott, Smithsonian’s National Museum of African American History and Culture (2021) Nerina Rustomji, St. John’s University (2022) Reginald K. Ellis, Florida A&M University (2023) At Large: Sarah Mellors, Missouri State University (2021) 2020 Appointed Officers Executive Director: James Grossman AHR Editor: Alex Lichtenstein, Indiana University, Bloomington Treasurer: William F.
    [Show full text]
  • A Civil Rights Lawyer's Story: Selma and Beyond Part 1 Oral History: Brian K. Landsberg Professor Emeritus Mcgeorge School Of
    A Civil Rights Lawyer’s Story: Selma and Beyond Part 1 Oral History: Brian K. Landsberg Professor Emeritus McGeorge School of Law Interviewed by Mary Louise Frampton Director, Aoki Center for Critical Race and Nation Studies University of California, Davis July 13, 2018 Mary Louise Frampton: I'm Mary Louise Frampton and today, I'm interviewing Professor Brian Landsberg, a civil rights icon, and now a law professor at McGeorge School of Law. Brian, I'd like to begin by going back to January 1965. And you have just started your new job at the Civil Rights Division... Brian Landsberg: 1964. Frampton: '64, thank you. And you are a boy from Sacramento, you're fresh out of law school at Boalt Hall. You've been briefly to London for an internship and you've landed in Tuscaloosa. Tell me what you remember about those first days? Landsberg: Well, very first days, I spent my time with my head in a microfilm machine looking at voting... voter registration applications. And then I was told to fly to Tuscaloosa, so I landed there on Southern Airways and was met by my colleague Carl Gabel who drove me to the Holiday Inn in Tuscaloosa. And in those days, the Holiday Inns had bellhops. And we went up to our room and called in to Washington, DC, which we were required to do pretty regularly, and then went downstairs to get some dinner and the bellhop, who was African-American, came up to us and said, "You'd probably want to know that they're listening in on your calls at the desk." Frampton: How did that make you feel? Landsberg: It told me right from the start that anything I said or did in Alabama was likely to be heard by what you might call the potential defendants.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Relations, Racial Injustice, and the 1958 North Carolina Kissing Case
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Carolina Digital Repository Public Relations, Racial Injustice, and the 1958 North Carolina Kissing Case Denise Hill A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Media and Journalism. Chapel Hill 2016 Approved by: Barbara Friedman Lois Boynton Trevy McDonald Earnest Perry Ronald Stephens © 2016 Denise Hill ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Denise Hill: Public Relations, Racial Injustice, and the 1958 North Carolina Kissing Case (Under the direction of Dr. Barbara Friedman) This dissertation examines how public relations was used by the Committee to Combat Racial Injustice (CCRI), the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), North Carolina Governor Luther Hodges, and the United States Information Agency (USIA) in regards to the 1958 kissing case. The kissing case occurred in Monroe, North Carolina when a group of children were playing, including two African American boys, age nine and eight, and a seven-year-old white girl. During the game, the nine-year-old boy and the girl exchanged a kiss. As a result, the police later arrested both boys and charged them with assaulting and molesting the girl. They were sentenced to a reformatory, with possible release for good behavior at age 21. The CCRI launched a public relations campaign to gain the boys’ freedom, and the NAACP implemented public relations tactics on the boys’ behalf. News of the kissing case spread overseas, drawing unwanted international attention to US racial problems at a time when the country was promoting worldwide democracy.
    [Show full text]
  • Nathan Carter Newbold, White Liberals, Black Education, and the Making of the Jim Crow South Barry Malone University of South Carolina
    University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Theses and Dissertations 1-1-2013 Divine Discontent: Nathan Carter Newbold, White Liberals, Black Education, and the Making of the Jim Crow South Barry Malone University of South Carolina Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Malone, B.(2013). Divine Discontent: Nathan Carter Newbold, White Liberals, Black Education, and the Making of the Jim Crow South. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/1465 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you by Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DIVINE DISCONTENT: NATHAN CARTER NEWBOLD, WHITE LIBERALS, BLACK EDUCATION, AND THE MAKING OF THE JIM CROW SOUTH by Barry F. Malone Bachelor of Arts University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1993 Master of Arts North Carolina Central University, 2002 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History College of Arts and Sciences University of South Carolina 2013 Accepted by: Valinda Littlefield, Advisor Bobby Donaldson, Committee Member Lawrence Glickman, Committee Member Todd Shaw, Committee Member Lacy Ford, Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies © Copyright by Barry F. Malone, 2013 All Rights Reserved. ii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to the loving memory of my parents – Vernon and Susan Malone. The journey was long, but I heeded your advice “to run the race and keep the faith.” I kept my promise. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Throughout the writing of this dissertation many people helped me along the way.
    [Show full text]
  • Passioned, Radical Leader Who Incorporating Their Own
    Vol. 59 No. 11 March 13 - 19, 2019 CELEBRATING MARCH 14, 2018 25 Portland and Seattle Volume XL No. 24 CENTS BLACK MEN ARRESTED AT STARBUCKS WANT CHANGE IN U.S. RACIAL ATTITUDES - PG. 2 News ..............................3,8-10 A & E .....................................6-7 Opinion ...................................2 NRA Gives to Schools ......8 NATIONAL NEWSPAPER PUBLISHERS ASSOCIATION CHALLENGING PEOPLE TO SHAPE A BETTER FUTURE NOW Calendars ...........................4-5 Bids/Classifieds ....................11 THE SKANNER NEWS READERS POLL Should Portland Public Schools change the name of Jefferson High School? (451 responses) YES THE NATION’S ONLY BLACK DAILY 129 (29%) NO Reporting and Recording Black History 322 (71%) STUDENTS WALK OUT 75 Cents VOL. 47 NO. 28 FRIDAY, APRIL 20, 2018 Final Seventy-one percent of respondents to a The Skanner News poll favored keeping the name of Thomas Jefferson High School intact. CENTER192 FOCUSES ON YOUTH POLL RESULTS: YEARS OF THE 71 Percent of TO HELP SAVE THE PLANET The Skanner’s Readers Oppose BLACK PRESS Jefferson Name Change Alumni association circulating a petition OF AMERICA opposed to name change PHOTO BY SUSAN FRIED SUSAN BY PHOTO By Christen McCurdy Hundreds of students from Washington Middle School and Garfield High School joined students across the country in a walkout and 17 minutes of silence Of The Skanner News to show support for the lives lost at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Florida Feb. 14 and to let elected officials know that they want stricter gun control laws. he results of a poll by The Skanner News, which opened Feb. 22 and closed Tuesday, favor keeping the Oregon Introduces ‘Gun Violence Restraining Orders’ Tname of North Portland’s Thomas Jefferson High School.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Administrator Bell Honored
    MEDIA ADVISORY PRESS OFFICE Release Date: February 14, 2019 Contact: [email protected] Release Number: 19-7 Follow us on Twitter, Facebook, Blogs & Instagram SBA Regional Administrator Ashley D. Bell Honored with Historic Drum Major for Justice Award in Marion, AL RA Bell recognized for his contribution & activism in promoting economic development within the African American small business communities across the Southeast ATLANTA, GA- – On Sunday, February 17th, Ashley D. Bell, regional administrator of the U.S. Small Business Administration and advocate for the Southeast Region’s nearly 7 million small businesses, will receive a most prestigious award by the Perry County Civic League. Bell will be honored with the Drum Major for Justice Award by Albert Turner, President of the Perry County Civic League. The award recognizes Regional Administrator Bell’s dedication to serving in his capacity to help strengthen the economies amongst our nation’s African American-owned small businesses. He has been successful with delivering SBA products and services to untapped areas through his Rural Strong Initiative, which has allowed the SBA to reach rural, often low income areas across the Southeast that often include many minority-owned small businesses. The Drum Major for Justice Award is an incredible honor that has been shared amongst many leaders that have helped to shape history. The award has been presented to Dr. Martin L. King, Jr. (1966), Governor Don Siegelman (1999), Rev. Jesse Jackson (1988), Senator Bobby Singleton (2010), Mr. Luther Winn (2013), Mrs. Coretta Scott King (2000), and Mr. Dick Gregory (2011) to name a few over 53 years of making this award.
    [Show full text]
  • North & South, SCLC Internal Newsletter, Febuary, 1967
    au.. T_/1 -~~-~S;.;:o;..;;u;.:;th:.;:.. c;:..;.fiJ Chrisban Lc9.deJ•ship_,9onferep~ Staff News , February, 1967 SCLC MOVES A HEAD ON NEW IDEAS AND PROGRAMS In addition to our regular traditional ac.tivities like the CHi zenship Education Program, voter registration and direct action. SCLC js rr:oving mto some new a reas of work. We're p utllng new emphasis on ~. conomrc development and housing, through s uch projects as Albert Turner's orgartizing of evicted tenant farmers , the Grenada co- operative super- rna rket, and se.U-help housing. Here IS a new rt~ por.·t on the work of SCLC Evicted Alabama Farmer~ Rally Togeth~ For many mombs. whHe poht1cians and Lando'rmers in the ten-county Alabama Black Belt have been driving sh;net:roppmg Negr o families off the J.a.nd. The excuse IS that the white farms are beccnung mechanized a.nd gomg into new types of far m1ng. But the real reason ~ says SCLC' s Albert Turner, is that "the politicians are planning to drive us out of tWs area so they can bema von.ng maj ority," Now the Negro farmers a!'.~ 'fightJng back by organi~ing co-operative efforts. SCLC and other groups, including the South ern Regional Council, the Nati onal Sharecroppers Fund and the Citizens Crusade Aga)nst Poverly, got together with the farmers to form the Southwes t Alabama Co- Ope mbve Associa1i on. Federal officials and farm experts have helped Vldth pla!UJl ng. The crue1 evictions can bul).lnet:-ang on tho w1ute folks.
    [Show full text]