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ICASS VIII: Book of Abstracts ICASS VIII: Book of Abstracts Alcantara, Christopher (Wilfrid Laurier University); Davidson, Adrienne (University of Toronto) Explaining Divergent Outcomes: Inuit Land Claims and Self-Government Negotiations in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region In 1973, the federal government of Canada invited Aboriginal groups to enter into comprehensive land claims negotiations to settle any outstanding claims not addressed by historical treaties. In 1984, the Inuvialuit became only the second Aboriginal group in Canada to sign a modern treaty. However, missing from that agreement was a chapter on self-government, which was not open to negotiation at that time. In 1996, the Inuvialuit, along with the Gwich’in, jointly began self-government agreement negotiations with the Crown. In 2006, the Gwich’in and Inuvialuit agreed to negotiate separate agreements. Almost 18 years since negotiations began, the Inuvialuit have yet to sign a final agreement on self-government. What explains the Inuvialuit’s rapid completion of a modern treaty? And why have they yet to complete a self-government agreement? This paper uses a historical instituitonalist perspective to explain these divergent outcomes, analyzing data gathered from elite interviews and other documents. 52 Allemann, Lukas (University of Lapland) Memories of Yesterday, Discourses of Today: The Struggle of Russian Sámi People to Construct a Meaningful Past As oral historians we have to be aware that “hard facts” (as for example the fall of an empire) and subjective recollections of individuals are inextricably linked. In this paper it is argued that ruptures as the collapse of the Soviet Union (but also any individual experiences) can have a great influence on meaning-giving constructions and thus on what informants tell us and how they do it. When formerly active mental blocks, such as an ideology, become obsolete, this can uncover formerly repressed or denied recollections. But ruptures can also make meaningless formerly valid and commonly accepted motivations for acting in a certain way. A life history narration serves to secure the social and personal identity and cultural tradition, i.e. it serves the narrator to give meaning to his past actions. Every ego is constantly evolving, trying to adapt to the changing environment and, if necessary, explaining itself anew. When new discourses appear they can cause a certain pressure to search for new meaning of past action and therefore even change recollection. In terms of a whole community during a period of discursive transition these processes of memory evolution can cause serious social rifts. These rifts as well as the evolution life retrospectives are shown on the example of the Sami people of Russian Lapland. 268 Ammosova, Helena Petrovna (Elena) (Scientific Director of Research Group of Children Diseases of NEFU Health Research Institute; Health Research Institute of North - Eastern Federal University named by M. K. Ammosov); Nespanova, Svetlana Evgenievna (Scientific Associate of Research Group of Children Diseases of NEFU Health Research Institute; Health Research Institute of North - Eastern Federal University named by M. K. Ammosov); Khandy, M.V. (Head of the Propedeutics of Children’s Diseases Department; Medical Instituteof North - Eastern Federal University named by M. K. Ammosov) Outcomes of Rheumatic Fever Among Children in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) We was made a retrospective analysis of medical histories and outpatients’ cards of 82 children diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease at the age of 5 to 18 years, who had examinations and treatment from 2004 to 2013 in the hospitals of Yakutsk. We was analyzed data of 52 (63.4 %) children who applied for specialized care foe the first time and 30 (36.5%) patients who have repeated their examinations and treatments. It should be noted that 41 (78.8 %) of 52 already had rheumatic heart disease when appealed. Complete medical histories of in 59 (71,9%) children were known and 23 histories were unknown. Acute debut had 17 (28.8 %) of 59 patients. 25 (42.4%) children had a subacute onset. 17 (28.8%) patients onset was regarded as a primary chronic or latent. 10 children had recurrent disease. Rheumatic heart diseases have been formed among 70 (85.4%) of 82. 126 Amundsen, Helene (CICERO Centre for Climate and Environmental Research - Oslo); Hovelsrud, Grete K. (Nordland Research Institute) Perceptions of High Resilience to Climate Change in Northern Norway: Consequences for Community Adaptation? It is increasingly understood that cultural values, beliefs and world views drive, facilitate, and are shaped and affected by climate change. Perceived resilience can affect a community’s ability to adjust and engage available resources in a community, and may cause complacency and the systems to remain in an undesirable state (Nelson et al., 2007). Our long term field studies from northern Norway show consistencies across a number of communities that people perceive themselves to be resilient and able to adapt to the challenges they are faced with, because they always have. We will discuss how the perceptions of being resilient may be problematic. Resilience is not a static property, so even if a community is resilient today, resilience in the future cannot be assumed. Furthermore, we cannot assume that the changes that are adapted to today will be the same ones that require adaptation in the future. 270 Amundsen, Helene (CICERO Centre for Climate and Environmental Research - Oslo); Hovelsrud, Grete K. (Nordland Research Institute) Well-being in Adapting to a Changing North Communities in Northern Norway are faced with rapid changes in interlinked climatic, environmental, demographic and social conditions. Dimensions of community resilience, including community resources and networks, institutions and services, people-place connections, are activated in processes and activities to respond to changing conditions. Research in Northern Norway shows how communities adapt to sustain a way of life and to improve their well-being. Aspects of well-being specific to two municipalities in Northern Norway are nature, community, activities, connectivity. Of particular relevance in this context is the importance of nature and natural resources, most importantly for employment, but also as a significant aspect of relational and subjective dimensions of well-being. It is found that attachment to place acts as a motivation to maintain aspects of well-being. This paper will discuss how a well-being approach may provide an analytical approach to understand adaptation processes in communities. 269 Andersen, Astrid (Roskilde University) Contemporary Travel Practices and Cultural Encounters in Postcolonial Greenland The PhD project investigates contemporary travel practices and cultural encounters in Greenland with special attention to how these practices and encounters are related to the historic Danish colonisation of Greenland. Historically, 'foreigners' travelling to and in Greenland have almost exclusive been Danes. During colonial times as colonial administrators, after the formal end of colonialism (1953) as civil servants, temporary work migrants and tourists, a pattern still prevalent today. Cultural encounters in Greenland can be read as a meeting between Danes and Greenlanders inscribed within a colonial and postcolonial relationship. This pattern has however in recent years been contested due to an intensified international attention to the Arctic and Greenland by a number of factors, not least climate change, and the possibilities and dangers it has produced. Tourists, business investors, politicians, civil servants and temporary work migrants are increasingly travelling to Greenland from diverse parts of the world, which gives rise to altered/new forms of travel practices and cultural encounters. The paper will examine the interrelations and overlaps between contemporary Danish travel practices in Greenland as tourist and as civil servants and other forms of work migration. 481 Andersen, Oddmund (Árran Lulesami Center) Changes in the Use of Landscape as a Result of Various Government Actions: A Description of Reindeer Husbandry in the Lule Sámi Area From the Late 1900s Onwards The main focus in this presentation is on the reindeer herder’s summer land in the Lule Sámi area. Around 1900's various government actions led to several changes in reindeer herding culture, changes which are possible to document in the cultural landscape. During the 18-1900s the closing of the borders for the reindeer herders between the Nordic countries led to less space for the reindeer herders. Some of the reindeer herders who got their pastures bounded moved south and found vacant land in the Lule Sámi area. The new reindeer herding groups introduced a new type of reindeer herding in the area. Later new government action constrained these Sámi reindeer herder’s land. These pastures therefor were opened for coastal Sámi reindeer herding groups. We therefore see that a reindeer herding area in the mountains may exhibit considerable variation in use within a short time period as a result of government actions. 127 updated May 12, 2014 page 2 of 112 Anderson, David G. (University of Aberdeen) Arctic Animal Pedigrees: Towards a Pragmatic Understanding of Domestication Circumpolar fauna are often seen to be iconic of a rugged and uncontrolled landscape. However, in contrast to the stereotype, most local Arctic residents perform careful, cultured and controlled relationships with the animals that
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