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RIVM Rapport 601714004 Environmental Risk Limits for Organophosphorous Pesticides

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RIVM Rapport 601714004 Environmental Risk Limits for Organophosphorous Pesticides Report 601714004/2008 C.T.A. Moermond | J.H. Vos | E.M.J. Verbruggen Environmental risk limits for organophosphorous pesticides RIVM Report 601714004/2008 Environmental risk limits for organophosphorous pesticides C.T.A. Moermond J.H. Vos E.M.J. Verbruggen Contact: C.T.A. Moermond Expert Centre for Substances [email protected] This report contains an erratum after the last page d.d. 20 March 2009 This investigation has been performed by order and for the account of Directorate-General for Environmental Protection, Directorate for Soil, Water and Rural Area (BWL), within the framework of Standard setting for other relevant substances within the WFD RIVM, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands Tel +31 30 274 91 11 www.rivm.nl © RIVM 2008 Parts of this publication may be reproduced, provided acknowledgement is given to the 'National Institute for Public Health and the Environment', along with the title and year of publication. 2 RIVM Report 601714004 Abstract Environmental risk limits for organophosphorous pesticides The RIVM has derived environmental risk limits (ERLs) for seven organophosphates in freshwater and marine waters. Organophosphates are pesticides which are used in agriculture and horticulture. This group of substances contains azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, coumaphos, heptenophos, mevinphos, tolclofos-methyl and triazophos. They belong to the category ‘other relevant substances’ for the Water Framework Directive. For deriving the environmental risk limits, RIVM used the most up-to-date ecotoxicological data in combination with the most recent methodology, as required by the European Water Framework Directive. No risk limits were derived for the sediment compartment, because sorption to sediment is assumed to be negligible. Environmental risk limits, as derived in this report, are scientifically derived values, based on (eco)toxicological, fate and physico-chemical data. They serve as advisory values for the Dutch Steering Committee for Substances, which is appointed to set the Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs). ERLs are thus preliminary values that do not have any official status. Four different risk limits are distinguished: negligible concentrations (NC), the concentration at which no harmful effects are to be expected (maximum permissible concentration, MPC), the maximum acceptable concentration for ecosystems – specifically in terms of short-term exposure (MACeco), the concentration at which possible serious effects are to be expected (serious risk concentrations, SRCeco). Key words: environmental risk limits, maximum permissible concentration, maximum acceptable concentration, serious risk concentration, organophosphorous pesticides RIVM Report 601714004 3 4 RIVM Report 601714004 Rapport in het kort Milieurisicogrenzen voor organofosfaten Het RIVM heeft milieurisicogrenzen afgeleid voor zeven organofosfaten in zoet en zout water. Organofosfaten zijn bestrijdingsmiddelen die in de land- en tuinbouw worden gebruikt. De groep stoffen omvat azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, coumaphos, heptenophos, mevinphos, tolclofos-methyl en triazophos. De stoffen vallen onder de categorie ‘overige relevante stoffen’ voor de Kaderrichtlijn Water. Voor de afleiding van de milieurisicogrenzen heeft het RIVM de actuele toxicologische gegevens gebruikt, gecombineerd met de meest recente methodiek. Deze methodiek is voorgeschreven door de Europese Kaderrichtlijn Water. Voor het sediment, de waterbodem, zijn geen milieurisicogrenzen afgeleid. Dat komt omdat de mate waarin deze organofosfaten zich aan sediment binden, verwaarloosbaar wordt geacht. Milieurisicogrenzen, zoals afgeleid in dit rapport, zijn wetenschappelijk afgeleide waardes, gebaseerd op (eco)toxicologische, milieuchemische en physisch-chemische data. Milieurisicogrenzen dienen als advieswaardes voor de Nederlandse interdepartementale Stuurgroep Stoffen, die de uiteindelijke milieukwaliteitsnormen vaststelt. Milieurisicogrenzen zijn dus voorlopige waardes zonder enige officiële status. Er bestaan vier verschillende niveaus voor milieurisicogrenzen: een verwaarloosbaar risiconiveau (VR), een niveau waarbij geen schadelijke effecten zijn te verwachten (MTR), het maximaal aanvaardbare niveau voor ecosystemen, specifiek voor kortdurende blootstelling (MACeco) en een niveau waarbij mogelijk ernstige effecten voor ecosystemen zijn te verwachten (EReco). Trefwoorden: milieurisicogrenzen, maximaal toelaatbaar risiconiveau, maximaal acceptabele concentratie, ernstig risiconiveau, organofosfaten RIVM Report 601714004 5 6 RIVM Report 601714004 Preface The goal of this report is to derive risk limits that protect both man and the environment. This is done in accordance with the methodology of the Water Framewerk Directive (WFD) that is incorporated in the present INS methodology, following the Guidance for the derivation of environmental risk limits within the INS framework (Van Vlaardingen and Verbruggen, 2007). The results presented in this report have been discussed by the members of the scientific advisory group for the project ‘International and National Environmental Quality Standards for Substances in the Netherlands’ (WK-INS). This advisory group provides a non binding scientific advice on the final draft of a report. It should be noted that the Environmental Risk Limits (ERLs) in this report are scientifically derived values, based on (eco)toxicological, fate and physico-chemical data. They serve as advisory values for the Dutch Steering Committee for Substances, which is appointed to set the Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs). ERLs should thus be considered as preliminary values that do not have any official status. RIVM Report 601714004 7 8 RIVM Report 601714004 Acknowledgements Thanks are due to J.M.C. Appelman, M.Sc., who was contact person at the Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (VROM-DGM/BWL) and to Dr. M.P.M. Janssen who is program coordinator for the derivation of ERLs within the RIVM. We also thank Peter van Vlaardingen for his contributions to this report. The results of the present report have been discussed in the scientific advisory group INS (WK INS). The members of this group are acknowledged for their contribution. RIVM Report 601714004 9 10 RIVM Report 601714004 Contents List of tables and figures 13 List of abbreviations 15 Samenvatting 17 Summary 19 1 Introduction 21 1.1 Project framework 21 1.2 Selection of substances 21 1.3 Guidance followed for this project 22 2 Methods 23 2.1 Data collection 23 2.2 Derivation of environmental risk limits for water and sediment 25 2.2.1 Read Across among compounds 25 2.2.2 Combination of freshwater and marine data 25 2.2.3 Drinking water 25 2.2.4 MACeco,marine 26 3 Derivation of environmental risk limits 27 3.1 Azinphos-ethyl 27 3.1.1 Substance identification, physicochemical properties, fate and human toxicology 27 3.1.2 Trigger values 29 3.1.3 Toxicity data and derivation of ERLs for water 30 3.2 Azinphos-methyl 33 3.2.1 Substance identification, physicochemical properties, fate and human toxicology 33 3.2.2 Trigger values 36 3.2.3 Toxicity data and derivation of ERLs for water 36 3.3 Coumaphos 45 3.3.1 Substance identification, physicochemical properties, fate and human toxicology 45 3.3.2 Trigger values 47 3.3.3 Toxicity data and derivation of ERLs for water 48 3.4 Heptenophos 51 3.4.1 Substance identification, physicochemical properties, fate and human toxicology 51 3.4.2 Trigger values 53 3.4.3 Toxicity data and derivation of ERLs for water 54 3.5 Mevinphos 57 3.5.1 Substance identification, physicochemical properties, fate and human toxicology 57 3.5.2 Trigger values 59 3.5.3 Toxicity data and derivation of ERLs for water 60 3.6 Tolclofos-methyl 63 3.6.1 Substance identification, physicochemical properties, fate and human toxicology 63 3.6.2 Trigger values 65 3.6.3 Toxicity data and derivation of ERLs for water 66 3.7 Triazophos 69 3.7.1 Substance identification, physicochemical properties, fate and human toxicology 69 3.7.2 Trigger values 71 RIVM Report 601714004 11 3.7.3 Toxicity data and derivation of ERLs for water 72 4 Conclusions 75 References 77 Appendix 1. Information on bioconcentration 79 Appendix 2. Detailed aquatic toxicity data 84 Appendix 3. Description of mesocosm studies 120 Appendix 4. Detailed bird and mammal toxicity data 136 Appendix 5. References used in the appendices 141 12 RIVM Report 601714004 List of tables and figures Tables Tabel 1. Afgeleide MTR, MACeco, VR en EReco waarden (in μg/L). 17 Table 2. Derived MPC, NC, MACeco, and SRCeco values (in μg/L). 19 Table 3. Selected compounds. 22 Table 4. Identification of azinphos-ethyl. 27 Table 5. Physicochemical properties of azinphos-ethyl. 28 Table 6. Selected environmental properties of azinphos-ethyl. 28 Table 7. Overview of bioaccumulation data for azinphos-ethyl. 29 Table 8. Azinphos-ethyl: collected properties for comparison to MPC triggers. 29 Table 9. Azinphos-ethyl: selected aquatic freshwater data for ERL derivation. 30 Table 10. Azinphos-ethyl: selected aquatic marine data for ERL derivation. 30 Table 11. Azinphos-ethyl: selected bird and mammal data for ERL derivation. 31 Table 12. Identification of azinphos-methyl. 33 Table 13. Physicochemical properties of azinphos-methyl. 34 Table 14. Selected environmental properties of azinphos-methyl. 34 Table 15. Overview of bioaccumulation data for azinphos-methyl. 35 Table 16. Azinphos-methyl: collected properties for comparison to MPC triggers. 36 Table 17. Azinphos-methyl: selected aquatic freshwater data for ERL derivation. 37
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