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Chowilla Icon Site – Floodplain Vegetation Monitoring 2016 Interim Report

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Chowilla Icon Site – Floodplain Vegetation Monitoring 2016 Interim Report Chowilla Icon Site – Floodplain Vegetation Monitoring 2016 Interim Report Susan Gehrig, Jason Nicol, Kate Frahn, Josh Fredberg, Kelly Marsland and James Weedon SARDI Publication No. F2010/000279-7 SARDI Research Report Series No. 933 SARDI Aquatics Sciences PO Box 120 Henley Beach SA 5022 November 2016 Gehrig, S. et al. (2016) Chowilla Icon Site Vegetation Monitoring Chowilla Icon Site – Floodplain Vegetation Monitoring 2016 Interim Report Susan Gehrig, Jason Nicol, Kate Frahn, Josh Fredberg, Kelly Marsland and James Weedon SARDI Publication No. F2010/000279-7 SARDI Research Report Series No. 933 November 2016 Gehrig, S. et al. (2016) Chowilla Icon Site Vegetation Monitoring This publication may be cited as: Gehrig, S.L., Nicol, J.M., Frahn, K.A., Fredberg J., Marsland, K.B. and Weedon, J.T. (2016). Chowilla Icon Site – Floodplain Vegetation Monitoring 2016 Interim Report. South Australian Research and Development Institute (Aquatic Sciences), Adelaide. SARDI Publication No. F2010/000279-7. SARDI Research Report Series No. 933. 44pp. South Australian Research and Development Institute SARDI Aquatic Sciences 2 Hamra Avenue West Beach SA 5024 Telephone: (08) 8207 5400 Facsimile: (08) 8207 5406 www.pir.sa.gov.au/research DISCLAIMER The contents of this publication do not purport to represent the position of the Commonwealth of Australia or the MDBA in any way and, as appropriate, are presented for the purpose of informing and stimulating discussion for improved management of the Basin's natural resources. To the extent permitted by law, the copyright holders (including its employees and consultants) exclude all liability to any person for any consequences, including but not limited to all losses, damages, costs, expenses and any other compensation, arising directly or indirectly from using this report (in part or in whole) and any information or material contained in it. The report has been through the SARDI internal review process, and has been formally approved for release by the Research Chief, Aquatic Sciences. The SARDI Report Series is an Administrative Report Series which has not reviewed outside the department and is not considered peer-reviewed literature. Material presented in these Administrative Reports may later be published in formal peer-reviewed scientific literature. © 2016 SARDI With the exception of the Commonwealth Coat of Arms, the Murray-Darling Basin Authority logo and photographs, all material presented in this document is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence (http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/3.0/au/). For the avoidance of any doubt, this licence only applies to the material set out in this document. The details of the licence are available on the Creative Commons website (accessible using the links provided) as is the full legal code for the CC BY 3.0 AU licence (http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/3.0/legal code). Printed in Adelaide: November 2016 SARDI Publication No. F2010/000279-7 SARDI Research Report Series No. 933 Author(s): Susan Gehrig, Jason Nicol, Kate Frahn, Josh Fredberg, Kelly Marsland and James Weedon Reviewer(s): Chris Bice (SARDI) and Jan Whittle (DEWNR) Approved by: Assoc. Prof. Qifeng Ye Science Leader – Inland Waters & Catchment Ecology Signed: Date: 9 November 2016 Distribution: MBDA, DEWNR, SAASC Library, SARDI Waite Executive Library, Parliamentary Library, State Library and National Library Circulation: Public Domain I Gehrig, S. et al. (2016) Chowilla Icon Site Vegetation Monitoring TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................... II LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................. II LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................ III LIST OF APPENDICES ...................................................................................................... III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................. IV EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 5 1.1. Objectives .............................................................................................................. 5 2. METHODS .................................................................................................................... 7 2.1. Hydrology .............................................................................................................. 7 2.2. Vegetation surveying protocol .............................................................................. 12 2.3. Plant identification and nomenclature................................................................... 13 2.4. Data analysis ....................................................................................................... 13 RESULTS .......................................................................................................................... 14 3.1. 2016 snapshot of plant communities .................................................................... 14 3.2. Change in the plant community from 2006 to 2016 .............................................. 18 3.3. The Living Murray targets .................................................................................... 22 4. DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................. 28 4.1. Floodplain and temporary wetland vegetation dynamics ...................................... 28 4.2. The Living Murray Targets ................................................................................... 28 4.3. Future research and monitoring ........................................................................... 29 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................. 31 APPENDICES .................................................................................................................... 34 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: River Murray flow to South Australia from January 2000 to June 2016 (DEWNR 2016b). ................................................................................................................................. 8 Figure 2: Water level in Chowilla Creek upstream of the Chowilla Environmental Regulator from January 2007 to June 2016 (DEWNR 2016a). .............................................................. 9 Figure 3: Aerial photograph of the Chowilla Floodplain in February 2010, during drought conditions. Blue dots indicate floodplain vegetation monitoring sites (sites 1 to 85) and red dots indicate temporary wetland (sites 86 to 142). Map sourced from ArcGIS version 9.3.1 (Department of Heritage server: http://imagemapsa.deh.sa.gov.au). ................................... 10 Figure 4: Map of the Chowilla Floodplain showing the extent of inundation of the regulator operation in October 2015 (red circles denote sites monitored in 2016 and green circles represent established sites not surveyed in 2016). .............................................................. 11 Figure 5: Dendrogram showing clustering of vegetation survey sites using Bray-Curtis (1957) distance measure from the 2016 survey. Dashed line shows division of sites into vegetation groups at 30% similarity. ..................................................................................................... 15 Figure 6: Spatial distribution and vegetation communities of the 121 survey sites across the Chowilla Floodplain for the 2016 survey. Colours reflect the 2016 dendrogram groupings (Figure 5). ........................................................................................................................... 16 Figure 7: Changes through time in species richness (number of taxa) of the Chowilla Floodplain from 2006 to 2016. 2013(a), 2014 (a), 2015 (a) and 2016 (a) denotes floodplain only sites 1–85, 2013(b) denotes floodplain and temporary wetland sites (1–118), 2014(b) denotes floodplain and temporary wetland sites (1–126), 2015(b) denotes floodplain and temporary wetland sites (1–129) and 2016 (b) denotes floodplain and temporary wetland sites (1–143). .............................................................................................................................. 19 II Gehrig, S. et al. (2016) Chowilla Icon Site Vegetation Monitoring Figure 8: Changes in the percentage of observations of vegetation functional groups of the Chowilla Floodplain from 2006 to 2014. 2013(a), 2014(a) and 2015(a) denotes floodplain sites 1–85; 2013(b) denotes floodplain and temporary wetlands sites (1–118) and 2014(b) denotes floodplain and temporary wetland sites (1–126), 2015 (b) denotes floodplain and temporary wetland sites (1–129) and 2016 (b) denotes floodplain and temporary wetland sites (1–143). ........................................................................................................................................... 21 Figure 9: NMS ordination comparing the plant communities of Chowilla Floodplain sites 1–85 from 2006 to 2016. .............................................................................................................. 22 Figure 10: Percentage
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