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Canadian Historical Mobility Project 187 1 National CANADIAN HISTORICAL MOBILITY PROJECT 1871 NATIONAL DOCUMENTATION for SPSS PORTABLE FILE Michael Omstein Gordon Darroch York University Toronto -___-_-. Page 9 CITATION RULES FOR MACHINE-READABLE DATA IN CANADIAN HISTORICAL JOURNALS by Jo& E. lgartua organization (department, researchcentre, archives, History, Universite du Qu&ec &Montreal or other) the functions of producer and distributor for their machinereadable data, under suchstipulations At its June 7,1993 businessmeeting, the Canadian as are agreeableto both parties. Committee for History and Computing has adopted the C. Authors make use of machinereadable data in the following citation rules for machine-readable data in sameway as they do researchnotes on paper and are Canadian historical journals. The committee hopesthat under no obligation to make their machine-readable journal editors in turn adopt theserules and make them accessibleto others. known to their contributors. In this situation authors should make reference to the original sources from which machine-readable I. Goals notesare made. Any substantialtransformation of the The purposeof theserules is to define a methodof raw data are explained, either in the body of the citation for machine-readabledata that provides rules published material or in a note, according to the place similar to those that apply to traditional sources,in order taken by such data in the argument presented. For to adapt the historians’ scholarly apparatusto the new instance,one should explain the method by which kinds of sourcesused in the processof historical enquiry. occupational titles have been classified into catego- As well, theserulesalloti for scholarlyrecognition ries. of the scientific work involved in the creation and distri- bution of data basesof historicalmaLeria1, as the praaice III. Citation Rules 2 already existsin other disciplines.’ As much as possible, the information given in Finally, the adoption of these rules will enable references should be taken from the machinereadable researcherslo meetthe requirementsof funding agencies documentitself or from accompanyingdocumentation. (among which LheSocial Sciencesand Humanities Re- 1. Author: cite in the usual manner. search Council of Canada) that data made machine 2. Title: title of the data file or of the data base.’ readable through their funding be made available to the 3. Machine-readable documents: to indicate that the scholarly community. documentismachine-readable,writethewords”[com- puter file]“, in square brackets without using any II. Three Types of Situations acronyms. A. Authors use data basescreated and distributed by 4. Statementof responsibility, where applicable, “This 0th~ scholars,by researchorganizations or by com- indicatesthe responsibility of the person(s) or co- mercial cnterpris&. rate body named as principal investigator or of other Referencesto suchdata should be made according significant parties, such as the department, furiding to the rules defined below. agency,or sponsoring organisation.” ’ B. Authors make use of data that they have made ma- 5. Edition, series,or version, if indicated chine-readableand thesedata are accessibleto other 6. Place of production, name of producer, followed by “[producer]“, date of production. 7. Placeof distribution, nameof distributor, followed by a third party (traditional archives, data libraries, re- “[distributor]“, date of distribution. searchgroups or other organ&ions). 8. Collection, where indicated. Making the dataaccessible should be considereda 9. The following additional information may be added: / form of publication; data thus “published” are to be a. Abriefdescriptionofcontents,withinsquarebrack- cited: according to the rule defined below. ets, iftbetitle does not give sufficient information on Authors are strongly encouragedto turn over to an this score. i Comitb canadien d’histoire et d’informatique / Canadian Committee on History and Computing Page 11 CITATION RULES FOR MACHINE-READABLE DATA IN CANADIAN HISTORICAL JOURNALS b. Material designation in square brackets; for in- Departement d’histoire, Universid du Qu&ec a stance: Montreal, 1992, [on-linedatabase] accessible through [on-line database] the author upon request. [magnetic tape] [floppy dW Notes: [CD-ROM] ’ See for instance the “Notice to Contributors” in the c. If the database is periodically updated, give the American SociologicalReview, 57,l (February 1992): iii- date when the database. was used. iv. 10. Outline conditions governing access, whereapplica- *The citation rules outlined here follow those defined by ble. Terry Cook et al., Archival Citations: Suggestions for the Citation of Documents at the Public Archives of Canada Some examples: (Ottawa: Public Archives of Canada, 1983), 13-14. See . Centre interuniversitaire de recherche sur les also Danielle Thibault, Bibliographic Citation Guide (Ot- populations SOREP, Base de don&es SAGUENAY tawa: National Library of Canada, 1989). 102-103. One [computer file], SORBP, Chicoutimi: Universid du may also consult the rules defined by the American Socio- Qu&ec zi Chicoutimi, 1992, [on-line database] ac- logical Review, as well as the cataloguing methods used in cessible for research purposes, subject to approval the Canadian Union List of Machine Readable Data Files by the SOREP ethics committee. (CULDAT), produced by Edward H. Hanis and described l CAIWM University Base [computer file], Ottawa: in Edward H. Hanis, “‘Reference and User Guide for the Statistics Canada, 1992 [magnetic tape]. CULDAT Information System” (London, Ont.: January l Science Cifufion Index [computer file], Philadel- 1990). The CULDAT project was sponsored by the phia: Institute for Scientific Information, 1989 [CD- Government Archives Division of the National Archives ROM]. of Canada. IGARTUA, Jose E., Base de donnkes MEMBERS2 3A database is a set of data files linked together by a logical [list of members of the Canadian Committee for structure. History and Computing] [computer file] Montr&l: ‘Cook, ed., Archival Citations, 13. W NEW COMPUTER TOOLS If you are looking for a note, on a certain person for subject, author, source, etc., all depending on the type of example, simply type in the person’s name and hit a key. information you’ve entered and the fields you’ve created. Theprogram rapidly searches through your notes, most Once you’ve sorted and reordered your notes you often hundreds of pages, and retrieves the note(s) that can print them. When printing you can decide to print the contain(s) the name in a matter of seconds: the exact speed entire database, ie. all of your notes, or only select sub- depends on the amount of information in the databaseand groups. You can also customize a printing format for your the speed of your computer. Similarly, you can search for own needs by setting the margins, the order of printing, the any word, number, or combination. Better yet, you can sort print size, and many other options. And, as mentioned the notes into different groups depending on your purpose. above, you can print as many copies as often as you want. If you wanted all the notes on the subject of railways, type But even more importantly, you can also transfer your in railways and hit a key. You can be even more specific notes directly into your wordprocessor. I find this ex- and ask for notes on railways in eastern Canada. Also, you tremely useful for making fast, detailed outlines. I choose can reorder the notes to your liking. I often shift mine into the notes for my topic from the database, reorder them to chronological order, but you can also order them by suit my needs, and then transfer them into my Cornit canadien d’histoire et d’informatique / Canadian Committee on History and Computing Overview: Canadian Historical Mobilitv Project and Class, Household and Mobility Project. Gordon Darroch and Michael Ornstein, Department of Sociology, York University, June 1986. The Context The studies have been conducted in two phases though they are aspects of a continuing project. The first was focused on all four provinces of'canada in 1871 (Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia). The second phase is focused on a large region of Central Ontario in the 1861-1871 decade (a wedge of counties stretching from the middle of Lake Erie to the lower shore of Lake Huron on the west, and on the east, from about one third of the way from Toronto to Kingston, at Port Hope, north to the southern tip of Georgian Bay). The studies are based on samples taken from the nominal data given on the census manuscripts of 1861 and 1871. Nominal data means simply the records of the individuals and households recorded on the original folios by the nineteenth- century census enumerators. At the time of writing they are available, in varying quality, on microfilm from 1851 to 1881 for Canada. Both phases of the data collection have unique elements. The first phase created a representative national sample of households for 1871 that allows detailed analysis for a variety of variables. We have reported some results in historical journals (for example, Darroch and Ornstein, 1983; 1984). The Ontario phase has two unique elements. First, it is b'ased on record linkage of very ' 2 large and unusual samples of individuals drawn from the census manuscripts of 1861 and 1871. Second, we created records for these individuals that nearly exhausted the information from all schedules of the censuses of those years, including household information, farm tenancy and productivity, real estate and the data of the manufacturing censuses (though
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