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Home , Goodwin Knight, Government of California, Gray Davis, Peter Hardeman Burnett, Romualdo Pacheco

Cadet Corps Curriculum on Citizenship

“California, Here I Come!”

C1B: California Government Updated: 16 FEB 2021 CALIFORNIA GOVERNMENT

B1. California State Government – Executive Branch B2. California State Government – Legislative Branch B3. California State Government – Judicial Branch B4. State: Bill Becomes B5. California Governors B6. Voting and the Ballot Process CALIFORNIA GOVERNMENT: UNIT OBJECTIVES

OBJECTIVES:

The desired outcome of this unit is that Cadets will be able to explain the design of the government of California and how it carries out governmental functions.

Plan of Action: 1. Be able to identify the three branches of California state government and describe in general ways who makes up each branch. 2. Describe the function of the California State Cabinet. 3. Match the executive branch elected officials to the office they hold 4. Name the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and Adjutant General. 5. Describe the legislative breakdown of senators and representatives and name the ones that represent you. 6. Name the three types of state courts in California. 7. Identify the steps for a bill to become a law in California. 8. Match facts about California Governors with the Governor. 9. Identify the steps in the ballot initiative process. 10. Describe a ballot initiative. California State Government: Executive Branch

OBJECTIVES:

DESIRED OUTCOME (Followership) Cadets will be able to explain the design of the government of California and how it carries out governmental functions.

Plan of Action: 1. Be able to identify the three branches of California state government and describe in general ways who makes up each branch. 2. Describe the function of the California State Cabinet. 3. Match the executive branch elected officials to the office they hold 4. Name the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and Adjutant General.

Essential Question: What are the branches of our state government, how do they interact, and who are the key players? 3 Branches of Government Executive Branch

• Governor & Lieutenant Governor • Cabinet Officials • Agencies • Departments • Boards • Committees The California government is huge. This just shows the top-level offices (all with many employees) of just the Executive Branch! California Cabinet

The Cabinet level offices in the state government are: • The Governor’s Office of Business and Economic Development • The Governor’s Office of Emergency Services • The Governor’s Office of Planning & Research • The Business, Consumer Services and Housing Agency • The Environmental Protection Agency • The Government Operations Agency What is the California Cabinet? • The Labor and Workforce Development Agency The Cabinet is responsible for • The Natural Resources Agency supplying the Governor with • The California State Transportation Agency comprehensive information about the • The Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation state’s operations to aid the Governor • The Department of Finance in identifying California’s long-term • The Department of Veterans Affairs needs. • The Department of Food and Agriculture • The Military Department

MG David Baldwin The Adjutant General 2011 - present Governor

• Top of the Chain of Command – Always be able to name who the Governor and Lieutenant Governor are – Roles of the Governor include: Chief Executive Roles: Carries out State , appoints officials, and prepares a budget Commander in Chief Commands the National Guard and the State Militia; at the top of the Chain of Command for the California Cadet Corps

Legislative Leader Proposes legislation and laws, approves or vetoes legislation Judicial Leader Appoints Judges, Offers Pardons and reprieves, and grants parole Ceremonial Leader Greets important visitors, represents the state, goes to ceremonies, gives the annual State of the State address

Party Leader Is the leader of their political party for the state Check On Understanding

1. Name the three branches of state and federal government. 2. For each item below, name which branch of government it falls under: a) The Governor b) The Attorney General c) State Agencies d) Superior Courts e) State Boards f) The Military Department g) The Secretary of State 3. What is the purpose of the Cabinet in state government? 4. Who is the top person in your Chain of Command? California State Government: Legislative Branch

OBJECTIVES:

DESIRED OUTCOME (Followership) Cadets will be able to explain the design of the government of California and how it carries out governmental functions.

Plan of Action: 5. Describe the legislative breakdown of senators and representatives and name the ones that represent you.

Essential Question: What comprises the California legislative arm of government, and who represents you? Legislative Branch

California Senate California State Assembly • 40 Senators • 80 Assembly Members • 4-year terms • 2-year terms • Led by President Pro Tem • Led by elected Speaker

• Both houses of the are about 75% Democratic, 25% Republican • Both houses enact legislation (pass bills which then become laws) • Both houses confirm/reject appointments made by the Governor • Influence over the state budget, organization & procedures of state agencies • Establish voting districts, affecting the potential outcome of future elections • The term limits for members of the legislature is 12 years in either house Check On Understanding

1. How many state senators are there? 2. How many state assembly members are there? 3. What is the legislature’s role in making laws? 4. Are legislators subject to term limits? How does that work? California State Government: Judicial Branch

OBJECTIVES:

DESIRED OUTCOME (Followership) Cadets will be able to explain the design of the government of California and how it carries out governmental functions.

Plan of Action: 6. Name the three types of state courts in California.

Essential Question: What comprises the judicial arm of California state government? Judicial Branch

• Interprets laws • Settles disputes in court • Determines guilt or innocence of people accused of violating laws Tani Goree Cantil-Sakauye • Protects rights of California Chief Justice individuals 3 Levels of Court

Other types of courts – Traffic, Small Claims, Civil Courts, etc. fall into the Superior Court system (called County Court here), along with the Trial Courts Attorney General

• The Attorney General is the state’s chief law officer • You’d think that would make him/her part of the judicial branch • But the AG, and the Department of Justice, work for the Governor as part of the Executive Branch • The AG oversees law enforcement agencies, including district and city attorneys and sheriffs, and acts as chief counsel in state litigation

Xavier Becerra California Attorney General Check On Understanding

1. What are the three levels of courts in California’s judicial branch? 2. What position is the head of the judicial branch? 3. At what level of government do you find superior courts? a) State b) County c) City State: Bill Becomes Law

OBJECTIVES:

DESIRED OUTCOME (Followership) Cadets will be able to explain the design of the government of California and how it carries out governmental functions.

Plan of Action: 7. Identify the steps for a bill to become a law in California.

Essential Question: How does a bill become a law in California? From Bill to Law

https://youtu.be/fuz7It61jg4 Steps for a Bill Becoming a Law

• Develop an idea you want to make law • Draft the wording for the law • Introduce the bill into the Senate or Assembly • Committee Reviews • Second Reading • Floor Debate and Vote • Introduce the bill into the other house • Committee Reviews • Second Reading in that house • Floor Debate and Vote – If approved with any changes, it goes to a Conference Committee to work out mutually acceptable changes or wording – Floor Debate and Vote in both houses • To the Governor to Sign or Check On Understanding

1. If you have an idea you want to make into a law, who do you present it to? 2. What does a legislative committee do in their part of making bills into law? 3. Where does the bill go after it has been passed in its first vote in the legislature? 4. What is a Conference Committee? 5. Who signs a bill to make it a law? California Governors

OBJECTIVES:

DESIRED OUTCOME (Followership) Cadets will be able to explain the design of the government of California and how it carries out governmental functions.

Plan of Action: 8. Match facts about California Governors with the Governor.

Essential Question: What should we know about California Governors throughout history? Governors

• As of 2019, Governor is the 40th

• is the Lieutenant Governor California Governors

1st Governor of California December 20, 1849 – January 9, 1851 • Born 1807, Died 1895 • Independent Democrat • Profession: Farmer, Author, Lawyer, Miner, Politician, Judge • Interesting Fact: As a member of the territorial legislature, signed the first exclusion laws, prohibiting blacks from living free in Oregon. He also called for a “war of extermination” against Native Americans. • Resigned after one year

Note: We don’t want to go through all 40 governors, so we just picked some of the more interesting ones. All are covered in the text for this lesson. California Governors

6th Governor of California January 9, 1860 – January 14, 1860 • Born 1827, Died 1882 • Lecompton Democrat • Profession: Teacher, Lawyer, Politician • Interesting Fact: California Governor with the shortest time in office. Resigned to be appointed Senator five days into his governorship.

Note: We don’t want to go through all 40 governors, so we just picked some of the more interesting ones. All are covered in the text for this lesson. California Governors

12th Governor of California February 27, 1875 – December 9, 1875 • Born 1831, Died 1899 • Republican • Profession: Judge, Rancher • Interesting Fact: He was, so far, the only Governor of California, the first Hispanic representative in the US Congress. He came from a very prominent Mexican family.

Note: We don’t want to go through all 40 governors, so we just picked some of the more interesting ones. All are covered in the text for this lesson. California Governors

17th Governor of California Robert Waterman September 12, 1887 January 8, 1891 • Born 1826, Died 1891 • Republican • Profession: Mine Owner, Politician • Interesting Fact: He was a Republican Lieutenant Governor to the Democratic Governor Bartlett. When Bartlett died in office, the Republican Party ascended to the governorship.

Note: We don’t want to go through all 40 governors, so we just picked some of the more interesting ones. All are covered in the text for this lesson. California Governors

23rd Governor of California January 3, 1911 – March 15, 1917

• Born 1866, Died 1945 • Republican • Profession: Politician • Interesting Fact: Governor during the founding of the California Cadet Corps – signed us into state law!

Note: We don’t want to go through all 40 governors, so we just picked some of the more interesting ones. All are covered in the text for this lesson. California Governors 30th Governor of California January 4, 1943 – October 5, 1953 • Born 1891, Died 1974 • Republican • Profession: Lawyer, Politician, Judge • Interesting Fact: First California Governor elected to three terms, in 1942, 1946, and 1950. He resigned in 1953 to become the Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court. Although listed as a Republican, he also ran in Democratic primaries, and won the Democratic primary in 1946 (as a Republican). CACC has an award in his honor – the Gov Earl Warren Outstanding Officer Award – Senior Division.

Note: We don’t want to go through all 40 governors, so we just picked some of the more interesting ones. All are covered in the text for this lesson. California Governors

31st Governor of California October 5, 1953 – January 5, 1959

• Born 1896, Died 1970 • Republican • Profession: Judge • Interesting Fact: Present at the opening of , he gave a speech after ’s dedication. The California Cadet Corps has an award (currently the Goodwin J. Knight Marksmanship Medal) named in his honor.

Note: We don’t want to go through all 40 governors, so we just picked some of the more interesting ones. All are covered in the text for this lesson. California Governors

32nd Governor of California Edmund G. “Pat” Brown January 6, 1969 – January 2, 1967

• Born 1905, Died 1996 • Democrat • Profession: Lawyer, Politician • Interesting Fact: He is known for monumental infrastructure projects: aquaducts, canals and pump stations in the Central Valley, four new UC campuses and seven new CSU campuses. He fathered , the 34th and 39th Governor.

Note: We don’t want to go through all 40 governors, so we just picked some of the more interesting ones. All are covered in the text for this lesson. California Governors

33rd Governor of California January 2, 1967 – January 6, 1975 • Born 1911, Died 2004 • Republican • Profession: Actor, Politician • Interesting Fact: Went on to become the 40th President of the US, from 1981 to 1989.

Note: We don’t want to go through all 40 governors, so we just picked some of the more interesting ones. All are covered in the text for this lesson. California Governors

34th Governor of California Jerry Brown January 6, 1975 – January 3, 1983 January 3, 2011 – January 7, 2019 • Born 1938 • Democrat • Profession: Politician • Interesting Fact: He was a Cadet in the California Cadet Corps at Saint Ignatius High School in , graduating in 1955. He served four terms as Governor, 1975-1983, and 2011-2019, the only person to serve more than three terms. Founded Oakland Military Institute (OMI) as Mayor of Oakland

Note: We don’t want to go through all 40 governors, so we just picked some of the more interesting ones. All are covered in the text for this lesson. California Governors

37th Governor of California January 4, 1999 – November 17, 2003 • Born 1942 • Democrat • Profession: Politician • Interesting Fact: The only Governor in California history to be recalled, so far.

Note: We don’t want to go through all 40 governors, so we just picked some of the more interesting ones. All are covered in the text for this lesson. California Governors

38th Governor of California November 17, 2003 – January 3, 2011 • Born 1947 • Republican • Profession: Body Builder, Actor, Politician • Interesting Fact: Held the Mr. Universe title at age 20, Mr. Olympia 7 times. Hollywood film icon.

Note: We don’t want to go through all 40 governors, so we just picked some of the more interesting ones. All are covered in the text for this lesson. Check On Understanding

1. Who (or which # Governor) was the first to resign? 2. Who was Governor when the California Cadet Corps was founded? 3. Which former Governor became President of the ? 4. Which former Governor became Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court? 5. Which Governor was a Cadet in the California Cadet Corps in high school? Voting and the Ballot Initiative Process

OBJECTIVES:

DESIRED OUTCOME (Followership) Cadets will be able to explain the design of the government of California and how it carries out governmental functions.

Plan of Action: 9. Identify the steps in the ballot initiative process. 10. Describe a ballot initiative.

Essential Question: What is a ballot initiative, and how does it become a law? Voting

• Pre-Register to vote as early as 16 years old! • Join a political party of your choice (or not): – American Independent Party – Democratic Party – Green Party – Libertarian Party – – Republican Party Voting

• Elections are routinely in June and November – Primaries in June – General election in November – Special elections as scheduled • Top 2 candidates from primaries go on to general election, regardless of party, for state legislative offices, US congressional offices, and state constitutional offices Ballot

• Gives California citizens a way to propose laws and constitutional amendments without the support of the Governor or Legislature • The process:

1. An initiative is drafted. 2. The draft is submitted to the Attorney General for official title and summary. 3. Initiative petitions are circulated to collect enough signatures from registered voters. 4. Signatures are turned into county election officials for verification. 5. Initiative will either be qualified for the ballot or be failed by the Secretary of State, after verifications and deadline dates. 6. California voters will approve or deny the qualified ballot Initiative.

• Referred to the voters by the Legislature proposing that specific legislation may be approved or rejected. • May be binding or non-binding • The terms “referendum,” “proposition,” and “ballot initiative” are often interchanged. – All are put on the ballot as propositions Examples of Ballot Initiatives 2020 Election

• Proposition 14 authorized issuance of $5.5 billion in bonds for a state stem cell research institute. It passed. • Proposition 20 authorized making changes to policies related to criminal sentencing charges, prison release, and DNA collection. It failed. • Proposition 21 authorized expanding local governments’ power to use rent control. It failed. • Proposition 22 authorized the consideration of app-based drivers to be independent contractors and enacted several labor policies related toa app-based companies. It passed. • Proposition 23 required a physician to be on-site at dialysis clinics and consent from the state for a clinic to close. It failed. • Proposition 24 expanded the provisions of the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) and created the California Privacy Protection Agency to implement and enforce the CCPA. It passed. Check On Understanding

1. What month are primary elections held in?

2. What month are general elections held in?

3. What day of the month are elections held?

4. What office of state government accepts a ballot initiative for the election?

5. Who approves or rejects a ballot initiative?