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Articulating Value in Cooperative Housing International and Methodological Review

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Articulating Value in Cooperative Housing International and Methodological Review Articulating value in cooperative housing International and methodological review Louise Crabtree, Sidsel Grimstad, Joanne McNeill, Neil Perry, Emma Power January 2019 Contents CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 BOXES .............................................................................................................................................................. 5 FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................................... 5 TABLES ............................................................................................................................................................. 5 GLOSSARY ........................................................................................................................................................ 6 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 THE BENEFITS OF COOPERATIVE HOUSING ..................................................................................... 11 1.1.1 Social capital ................................................................................................................................... 11 1.1.2 Housing quality and stability ........................................................................................................... 11 1.1.3 Health and wellbeing ...................................................................................................................... 12 1.1.4 Skills acquisition .............................................................................................................................. 12 1.1.5 Reduced costs ................................................................................................................................. 12 1.1.6 Broader economic or development outcomes ............................................................................... 12 1.2 FRAMEWORK FOR A PROPOSED METHOD ........................................................................................ 13 1.3 ENABLING GROWTH AND DIVERSIFICATION ................................................................................... 13 2 BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................. 15 2.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................. 15 2.2 OUTLINE OF THIS REPORT .............................................................................................................. 15 3 CURRENT EVIDENCE FOR COOPERATIVE HOUSING ................................................................................ 16 3.1 CURRENT EVIDENCE FOR SOCIAL OUTCOMES IN COOPERATIVE HOUSING ........................................ 16 3.1.1 Social capital ................................................................................................................................... 16 3.1.2 Housing quality and stability ........................................................................................................... 21 3.1.3 Health and wellbeing ...................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.4 Skills acquisition .............................................................................................................................. 21 3.1.5 Lower operating costs ..................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.6 Broader economic or development outcomes ............................................................................... 22 3.1.7 Insularity and exclusivity ................................................................................................................. 22 3.1.8 Burnout ........................................................................................................................................... 22 3.2 DIVERSITY IN BUSINESS MODELS .................................................................................................. 23 3.2.1 Scale ................................................................................................................................................ 24 3.2.2 Clear objectives ............................................................................................................................... 24 3.2.3 Institutional support ....................................................................................................................... 24 3.3 FACILITATING THE GROWTH OF COOPERATIVE HOUSING ................................................................ 27 3.3.1 International requirements for success .......................................................................................... 27 3.3.2 Growing the Australian cooperative housing sector ...................................................................... 28 4 THE SOCIAL VALUE AND EFFICIENCY OF HOUSING COOPERATIVES ........................................................ 31 4.1 THE ECONOMICS OF SOCIAL HOUSING ............................................................................................ 31 4.2 ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY OF SOCIAL HOUSING .......................................... 33 4.3 COST-CONSEQUENCES ANALYSIS ................................................................................................... 35 4.4 THE MISSING TENANT: IMPROVING THE COST-CONSEQUENCES ANALYSIS ....................................... 37 4.5 MEASURING OUTCOMES ............................................................................................................... 39 4.5.1 Limitations in existing data ............................................................................................................. 39 4.5.2 Measuring community/tenant outcomes ....................................................................................... 40 4.5.3 Additional domains and the program logic approach .................................................................... 44 4.6 CONCLUDING COMMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................... 46 4.6.1 Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 46 4.6.2 Recommendations .......................................................................................................................... 48 5 THE AUSTRALIAN CONTEXT ................................................................................................................... 50 5.1 OVERVIEW ................................................................................................................................... 50 5.2 EQUITY COOPERATIVES IN AUSTRALIA .......................................................................................... 50 5.3 COOPERATIVE HOUSING SOCIETIES IN AUSTRALIA ........................................................................ 53 5.4 PRELIMINARY ISSUES FOR GROWTH AND DIVERSIFICATION ........................................................... 56 5.5 SUMMARY...................................................................................................................................... 57 6 INTERNATIONAL HOUSING COOPERATIVE SECTORS .............................................................................. 58 6.1 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ........................................................................................................ 58 6.1.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 58 6.1.2 Key insights from history ................................................................................................................ 59 6.1.3 Strengths and weaknesses .............................................................................................................. 61 6.1.4 Exemplar: Urban Homesteading Assistance Board (UHAB), New York City ................................... 62 6.1.5 Exemplar: Coop City, New York City ............................................................................................... 62 6.1.6 Exemplar: ROC USA (Resident Owned Communities USA) ............................................................. 63 6.1.7 Future directions ............................................................................................................................. 63 6.2 CANADA ....................................................................................................................................... 64 6.2.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................................... 64 6.2.2 Key insights from history ................................................................................................................ 65 6.2.3 Strengths and weaknesses .............................................................................................................. 65 6.2.4 Exemplar: Canada Mortgage & Housing Corporation ...................................................................
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