Cooperatives in Industrial and Service Sectors in the Asia-Pacific Region

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Cooperatives in Industrial and Service Sectors in the Asia-Pacific Region Cooperatives in industrial and service sectors in the Asia-Pacific region Models, work and employment, ecosystem and public policies International Cooperative Alliance Asia and Pacific & 9, Aradhana Enclave +91-11-26888067 ica-asia and pacific Sector-13, R. K. Puram International Organisation of the Industrial and Service Cooperatives New Delhi-110066 +91-11-26888250 icaapac [email protected] icaasiapacific ica-ap.coop Cooperatives in industrial and service sectors in the Asia-Pacific region Table of contents List of tables iv List of figures ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ iv Abbreviations and acronyms ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� v Synthesis note 1 Introduction���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 2 The scope of target types of the present study ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 3 Method����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2 ‘Type’ and ‘model’����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2 Research process����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 3 4 Proposed CIS models in the Asia-Pacific region ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5 Worker cooperative A model ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6 Worker cooperative B model ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7 Shared service cooperative model ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 8 Mixed model ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9 Multi-stakeholder cooperative model �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������11 Consumer/user cooperative model and shareholder-based cooperative model �������������������������������������������������11 5 Main trends �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������12 Old sectors to be modernized �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������12 Newly emerging initiatives �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������12 Important role of the cooperative movement and social movements �������������������������������������������������������������������12 Social mission – from the weakest part of the population to broader community �����������������������������������������������12 Challenges with new forms of work and employment ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������13 Importance of sector specific institutional ecosystems �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������13 6 Work and employment in CIS �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������13 Legal status of workers, social protection and social benefits�������������������������������������������������������������������������������13 Ways of organizing works �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������15 7 Eco-system �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������16 Institutional eco-systems �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������16 Financial tools���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������19 Education and training . �������21 8 Policy issues and recommendations �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������22 Introduction of appropriate legal framework for CIS with clear definitions�����������������������������������������������������������22 Specification of worker-members’ status �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������23 Close monitor against misuse and abuse of CIS �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������23 i Less direct control and more autonomy ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������24 Reasonable minimum number of founding members �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������25 Issues related to implementation of public policies�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������26 Public policies for promoting CIS �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������27 National reports & Case studies Republic of Korea 29 Worker cooperative �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������30 Social cooperative ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������31 Entrepreneurs’ cooperative �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������32 Multi-stakeholder cooperative �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������32 Self-sufficiency enterprise �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������33 Non-cooperative worker-owned enterprise ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������34 [Case Study] Conversion into a worker cooperative: Happy-Bridge Cooperative �������������������������������������������34 [Case Study] Self-sufficiency enterprise and the worker cooperative model �������������������������������������������������37 [Case Study] Woo-jin Transport ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������41 Japan 44 Worker cooperative �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������45 Workers collective ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������45 [Case Study] Central Workers’ Co-operative and Workers’ Co-operative CHIBA �������������������������������������������47 [Case Study] Central Workers’ Co-operative (Center Jigyodan)�����������������������������������������������������������������������47 [Case Study] Workers’ Co-operative CHIBA ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������49 The Philippines 51 Labour service cooperative �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������52 Worker cooperative �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������54 [Case Study] Fastrack Multi-purpose Cooperative ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������54 [Case Study] Union of Legitimate Service Contracting Cooperatives ���������������������������������������������������������������56 India 58 Industrial cooperative �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������60
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