DOCSLIB.ORG

Together Resilient

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Together Resilient T What if community is the answer? O “When people ask me where to move to escape climate change, I tell them G there’s no escape and that the thing to look for is a strong community. is E book explains how to build that kind of community anywhere—it’s a manual T for the future.” H Bill McKibben E Author of Eaarth: Making a Life on a Tough New Planet R “Is it possible to jettison our current system of exploitation and R environmental destruction, and create a new system, that is not only E S Resilient sustainable but affords us a comfortable and fullling life? e answer is a resounding yes. Ma’ikwe Ludwig eloquently reminds us how the way is I L fraught with challenges and shows us how to conquer them. is is a I must-read for anyone who cares about the future of the human race.” E Chong Kee Tan, PhD N Founder of Bay Bucks T Real hope comes from looking uninchingly at our current circumstances and then committing wholeheartedly to creative action. Never has that been more urgently needed than right now, with the climate crisis looming larger every day. is book advocates for citizen-led, community-based action rst and foremost: why wait for the government when you can take action today, with your neighbors? From small solutions to the full re-invention of the systems we nd ourselves in, this book mixes anecdote with data-based research to bring you a wide range of options that all embody compassion, creativity, and cooperation. Ma’ikwe Ludwig is a cooperative culture pioneer, and long-time M advocate for intentional community A and sustainability. She is a teacher, ’ public speaker, writer, and consultant I K for communities and social change organizations, and makes her home in W Laramie, WY with fellow ecovillage E folks. Learn more about her work at maikwe.net. L Cover design: Rob Allen @n23art U Author photo: Katie Williams Printed on 100% Post-Consumer Recycled Paper D Distributed in the US by Chelsea Green Publishing Published by the Fellowship for Intentional Community W www.ic.org I G $17.95 USD MA’IKWE LUDWIG Together Resilient Together Resilient: Building Community in the Age of Climate Disruption Ma’ikwe Ludwig Copyright 2017 by the Fellowship for Intentional Community Fellowship for Intentional Community 23 Dancing Rabbit Lane Rutledge, MO 63563 All rights reserved. Parts of this book may be reprinted with permission from Ma’ikwe Ludwig. Academic and other educational purposes do not require permission. Ebook produced in the United States. The Fellowship for Intentional Community is a nonprofit organization dedicated to supporting and promoting the development of intentional communities and the evolution of cooperative culture. ISBN: 978-0-9718264-8-9 This book was edited by Chris Roth, the cover was designed by Rob Allen, and it was proofread and typeset by Marty Klaif. This book and others by the author may be ordered at: www.ic.org/community-bookstore for Jibran, Andrew, Nandi, Abby, Noah, and Nebiyat for your sakes, I hope I am wrong about the worst of it and right about the best of it —ML Contents Foreword ......................................................ix Acknowledgments . xiii Introduction: The View from Cornfields ............................xvii Chapter 1: Defining the Territory ..................................1 Chapter 2: Limiting the Damage: Community as a Tool to Reduce Carbon Footprints ................15 Chapter 3: Surviving It..........................................43 Chapter 4: Starting a Residential Intentional Community . 65 Chapter 5: Everyone’s Work: Culture and Emotional Integration.......109 Chapter 6: Context Matters: Legal and Economic Reform to Restore the Commons ..............125 Chapter 7: Together Resilient ...................................141 Afterword: The Future of the Intentional Communities Movement.......153 Appendix I: More on the Hofstede Indices........................155 Appendix II: More on Gross National Happiness ..................159 Appendix III: The Black Lives Matter Platform ....................161 vii viii Foreword I am happy to be supporting this book with its vitally needed message. Ma’ikwe and I share a commitment to building cooperative culture. For the past 40 years, I and my organisation Local Futures have raised awareness about the fundamental importance of community, about the importance of rebuilding close webs of social support. I came to this conclusion because of experiences in Ladakh or “Little Tibet.” In 1975 I was asked to accompany a film team to this remote region in the Himalayas. In my work as a linguist I had travelled to many parts of the world, but nothing had prepared me for what I encountered in Ladakh. High up on the Tibetan plateau, I came to know a people who had never been colonised or “developed,” and were still living according to their own values and principles. Despite a harsh and barren environment, people were pros- pering both materially and, more significantly, emotionally. Before coming to Ladakh I had studied psychology at university, where I’d been led to believe that certain features of human nature—greed, fear, and competitiveness in particular—lay behind most of society’s ills. Yet after being in Ladakh, I began to see that Western culture distorts human nature. It breeds separation, competition, and a self-conscious need to keep proving ourselves. As it became clearer to me that it is our global, industialized consumer culture that makes us feel out of place and disconnected, I felt a sense of relief. It was deeply healing to discover that so much of our psychological unrest (including my own sense of displacement) came from a culture out of balance, rather than an intrinsic human flaw. In Ladakh, well-being was maintained through intimate daily contact be- tween people and the natural world; and through knowledge about one’s im- mediate environment with its changing seasons, needs, and limitations. The “environment” was not some alien, problematic sphere of human concern; it was where people lived. The understanding that was gained through a life rooted in the natural world created a sense of kinship with plants and ani- mals. I saw how the profound psychological security that was gained through community and a deep contact with nature fostered tolerance and openness toward others. x Together Resilient: Building Community in the Age of Climate Disruption The traditional spiritual teachings were a reminder of belonging: a re- minder of our inextricable interdependence one with another and with everything in the cosmos. This message was ever present in community life, in a way of living in which you knew that you could depend on others to lend a helping hand. In rituals and in words of wisdom, passed on from the elders to the young ones, the importance of interdependence was constantly reinforced. Spending time with Ladakhi families, I saw how children were brought up in an enveloping network of extended family, friends, plants, and ani- mals. My close friend Dolma, for example, spent much time with her baby boy Angchuk, but caring for the baby was not her job alone, everyone looked after babies. Even the teenage boys from next door were not embarrassed to be seen cooing over little Angchuk or rocking him to sleep with a lullaby. This brought out the boys’ ability to care and nurture—qualities that were embraced, rather than rejected, by masculine identities. Children were not segregated into peer groups; they grew up surrounded by people of all ages, from young babies to great-grandparents. Education was the product of an intimate relationship with the community and its environment. Children learned from grandparents, family, and friends about connections, process, and change, and about the intricate web of fluctuating relationships in the natural world around them. When villagers gathered to discuss important issues or had festivals and parties, children of all ages were present, observing the processes or partaking in the festivities until they sim- ply dropped off to sleep. Old people also participated in all spheres of life. For the elderly in Ladakh there were no years of staring into space, unwanted and alone; old age implied years of valuable experience and wisdom. There was no hurry to life, so if grandparents worked more slowly it did not matter. One of the main reasons old people remained so alive and involved was their constant contact with the young. The very oldest and the very youngest formed a special bond; they were often best friends. Life in traditional Ladakh stands in stark contrast with the typical West- ern experience of growing up and ageing. Within almost every family, the economic pressures on parents systematically rob them of time with their children. As a consequence, more and more young children are relegated to the care of strangers in crowded day-care centres. Older children are often left in the company of violent video games or the corporate sponsors of their favourite television shows. Flesh-and-blood role models—parents and grand- parents, aunts and uncles, friends and neighbours—that children once looked up to, are replaced with media and advertising images: glamorous movie and rock stars, steroid-enhanced athletes, and airbrushed supermodels. Time spent in nature—fundamentally important to our psychological wellbeing— is increasingly rare. Foreword xi The globalised consumer culture disconnects us from one another and from the natural world, blinding us to what is essential for happiness and wellbeing. It destabilises our sense of belonging—to community, to place, to the earth—and replaces stable senses of self with insecure identities created through consumer products and images. All around the world, people are beginning to understand that, in order to wean ourselves from our personally, as well as ecologically, destructive consumer addictions, we need to rebuild structures that support a sense of belonging, and allow us to see our impact on others and on the natural world.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cooperative Housing in the United States
    HOUSING COOPERATIVES UNITED STATES 1949-1950 Joint publication of Division of Housing Research Housing HOUSING AND HOME FINANCE AGENCY Research Bureau of Labor Statistics UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR WASHINGTON 1951 Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Cooperative Housing in the United States 1949 and 1950 Housing Research Paper No. 24 Bulletin No. 1093 HOUSING AND HOME FINANCE AGENCY UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Office of the Administrator Bureau of Labor Statistics Housing Research Division For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U . S. Government Printing: Office, Washington 25, D. C. Price 65 cents (paper) Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis P r e f a c e After the end of World W ar II the severe housing shortage in this country led to an increased interest in cooperative housing as one means of solving the problem. This gave further impetus to a movement which began in the United States about a third of a century ago among people who held that by joining together in the purchase of land and the construction of houses they could obtain dwellings of good quality at less cost than those being provided in other ways. As things have worked out, some housing cooperatives have been outstandingly successful and have accomplished everything their sponsors hoped for. Others, however, have proved to be disap­ pointing, either falling by the wayside or failing to attain the original objectives.
    [Show full text]
  • Cooperatives in Industrial and Service Sectors in the Asia-Pacific Region
    Cooperatives in industrial and service sectors in the Asia-Pacific region Models, work and employment, ecosystem and public policies International Cooperative Alliance Asia and Pacific & 9, Aradhana Enclave +91-11-26888067 ica-asia and pacific Sector-13, R. K. Puram International Organisation of the Industrial and Service Cooperatives New Delhi-110066 +91-11-26888250 icaapac [email protected] icaasiapacific ica-ap.coop Cooperatives in industrial and service sectors in the Asia-Pacific region Table of contents List of tables iv List of figures ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ iv Abbreviations and acronyms ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� v Synthesis note 1 Introduction���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 2 The scope of target types of the present study ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 3 Method����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2 ‘Type’ and ‘model’�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
    [Show full text]
  • An Intentional Neurodiverse and Intergenerational Cohousing Community
    An Intentional Neurodiverse and Intergenerational Cohousing Community Empowered by Autistic Voices Documented by: ASU team Contact: 612-396-7422 or [email protected] Meeting Agenda Project overview and updates (3-4:30PM) • Overview • Questions from audience • Fill out interest survey • Sign up for volunteer committees Working session (4:45-5:45PM) • Introductions – meet others interested in this community • Visioning exercise • Deeper dive into floor plans and financing • Discuss interest in long term commitments to the project and how to pool funds for land acquisition • Sign up for volunteer committees 2 About ASU ASU (Autism SIBS Universe) is a non-profit organization - 501c3 registered with IRS in 2018 founded by Autistics - support from peers, parents and community members Vision is to create sustainable neurodiverse communities where people with all types of abilities live together to support each other ASU Board members Mix of Autistics, parents and community members 3 Important When are a Neurodiverse community and we welcome people of all abilities We are an intentional community designed with Autistics in mind, but we are NOT an Autism or Disability only housing A community where there is something for everyone Naturally supported safe, trusted and sustainable living for ALL – Independent homes with easy access to COMMUNITY, less isolation, connected relationships, more fun, Healthier and more long term supports For families without Autism For Autistics and their - A GREAT opportunity to families – A safety net for live in a sustainable their children’s future. environment while Better support dealing supporting a neurodiverse with Autism and related community and vice versa challenges. More respite.
    [Show full text]
  • Cooperative Growth Ecosystem
    BUILDING the Report 1 Report 2 Report 3 INCLUSIVE Broad-Based Cooperative Growth Strategies for Financing ECONOMY Ownership Models Ecosystems the New Economy THE COOPERATIVE GROWTH ECOSYSTEM Inclusive Economic Development in Action A joint project of Project Equity and the Democracy at Work Institute Melissa Hoover & Hilary Abell, Lead Authors project Building the Inclusive Economy series: Through three groundbreaking reports funded by Citi Community Development, Building the Inclusive Economy series sets out new, cutting-edge economic development models for city leaders and community development practitioners interested in embedding equity, community wealth, and sustainability into their local economic growth plan. This series, authored by The Democracy Collaborative, The Democracy at Work Institute, and Project Equity, lays out key tools and building blocks for equitable local economic growth where all residents are able to maximize opportunities, thereby expanding urban economies where all can meaningfully participate and benefit. To learn more about the series, visit www.CitiCommunityDevelopment.com. The Cooperative Growth Ecosystem Project: This paper is the fruit of a year-long project carried out by the Democracy at Work Institute and Project Equity in 2014 and 2015. Hilary Abell and Alison Lingane of Project Equity, Melissa Hoover and Tim Palmer of the Democracy at Work Institute, and consultant Tim Lohrentz comprised the team that developed the Cooperative Growth Ecosystem framework; piloted it as an analytical and strategy tool looking at five regions around the country; hosted a national convening, in coordination with Citi Community Development, to get feedback and provide space for regions to develop actions plans; and developed this paper to share with the field.
    [Show full text]
  • A Concise History of the Global Ecovillage Movement
    A Concise History of the Global Ecovillage Movement by E.C. Mare Autumn 2000 Elisabeth’s House COPYRIGHT © 2000/2012 – Village Design Institute – All Rights Reserved 1 The “ecovillage” is the latest conceptualization in a long history of utopian visions: model living situations that have the potential for bringing out the best in human nature. It seems that every age has its own version of Utopia, which literally means ‘no place.’ Sir Thomas More set the stage in 1518 by publishing the first Utopia, an ironic satire of Elizabethean England at the dawning of the Age of Colonialism. His story subtly ridiculed the pretentiousness, avariciousness, and pompousness of the colonial gentry and noble classes by depicting an ideal society in a fictional new land that achieved social stability, peace and justice by adopting values of simplicity and egalitarianism. In Utopia, captured military intruders were paraded around in gaudy gold jewelry and elaborate clothing while the native population were unadorned and wore unassuming plain linen cloth.1 Many more utopian visions were practiced, preached, or experimented on in Europe – and especially in the new land of America – in the next several hundred years: the Puritans, the Luddites, the Zionists, the Amish, the Quakers, the Mormons, Amana, Walden and Walden Two, etc….the list is quite long, and includes varied backgrounds – religious, secular, social co-operative, political. All of these groups were revolutionaries or reactionaries of some kind that sought to address the excesses and problems of their respective times by setting themselves apart somewhat from the mainstream and adopting and following creeds and values believed to be qualitatively superior to the status quo, often creeds and values of a spiritual nature that framed human potential in a higher, more resplendent light.
    [Show full text]
  • Articulating Value in Cooperative Housing International and Methodological Review
    Articulating value in cooperative housing International and methodological review Louise Crabtree, Sidsel Grimstad, Joanne McNeill, Neil Perry, Emma Power January 2019 Contents CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 BOXES .............................................................................................................................................................. 5 FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................................... 5 TABLES ............................................................................................................................................................. 5 GLOSSARY ........................................................................................................................................................ 6 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 THE BENEFITS OF COOPERATIVE HOUSING ..................................................................................... 11 1.1.1 Social capital ................................................................................................................................... 11 1.1.2 Housing quality and stability ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Kelly Rae Chi a Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the University of North
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Carolina Digital Repository THE MOTIVATIONS AND CHALLENGES OF LIVING SIMPLY IN A CONSUMING SOCIETY Kelly Rae Chi A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication. Chapel Hill 2008 Approved by: Professor Jan Johnson Yopp, adviser Professor Barbara Friedman, reader Professor Stephen Birdsall, reader ©2008 Kelly Rae Chi ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT KELLY R. CHI: The Motivations and Challenges of Living Simply in a Consuming Society (Under the direction of Jan Yopp, Barbara Friedman and Stephen Birdsall) Voluntary simplicity, a cultural movement that focuses on buying less and working less, blossomed in the mid-1990s as increasing numbers of Americans voiced dissatisfaction with excessive consumerism and working long hours. While the movement is not formalized today, many Americans do live simply, according to some of the simplicity literature. Practices range from buying only environmentally friendly products, following religious guidelines, or living in communal settings. Though the weakening U.S. economy makes simplicity an attractive or necessary way of life, the daily lives of simplifiers are underreported in the mainstream media. Since 2003, newspaper articles on simplicity have diminished, and existing articles lack context on the varied motivations and challenges of the simplicity movement and how some Americans live simply. This thesis and its series of articles aims to fill that gap by looking at simplicity research as well as the stories of local people in family and community settings.
    [Show full text]
  • Duane Elgin Endorsements for Choosing Earth “Choosing Earth Is the Most Important Book of Our Time
    CHOOSING EARTH Humanity’s Great Transition to a Mature Planetary Civilization Duane Elgin Endorsements for Choosing Earth “Choosing Earth is the most important book of our time. To read and dwell within it is an awakening experience that can activate both an ecological and spiritual revolution.” —Jean Houston, PhD, Chancellor of Meridian University, philosopher, author of The Possible Human, Jump Time, Life Force and many more. “A truly essential book for our time — from one of the greatest and deepest thinkers of our time. Whoever is concerned to create a better future for the human family must read this book — and take to heart the wisdom it offers.” —Ervin Laszlo is evolutionary systems philosopher, author of more than one hundred books including The Intelligence of the Cosmos and Global Shift. “This may be the perfect moment for so prophetic a voice to be heard. Sobered by the pandemic, we are recognizing both the fragility of our political arrangements and the power of our mutual belonging. As Elgin knows, we already possess the essential ingredient —our capacity to choose.” —Joanna Macy, author of Active Hope: How to Face the Mess We're in Without Going Crazy, is root teacher of the Work That Reconnects and celebrated in A Wild Love for the World: Joanna Macy and the Work of Our Time. “Duane Elgin has thought hard — and meditated long — about what it will take for humanity to evolve past our looming ecological bottleneck toward a future worth building. There is wisdom in these pages to light the way through our dark and troubled times.” —Richard Heinberg is one of the world’s foremost advocates for a shift away from reliance on fossil fuels; author of Our Renewable Future, Peak Everything, and The End of Growth.
    [Show full text]
  • POLITECNICO DI TORINO Repository ISTITUZIONALE
    POLITECNICO DI TORINO Repository ISTITUZIONALE The role and management of physical space in social innovation Original The role and management of physical space in social innovation / Perello, Michelle. - (2017). Availability: This version is available at: 11583/2678524 since: 2017-08-24T16:35:09Z Publisher: Politecnico di Torino Published DOI:10.6092/polito/porto/2678524 Terms of use: Altro tipo di accesso This article is made available under terms and conditions as specified in the corresponding bibliographic description in the repository Publisher copyright (Article begins on next page) 04 August 2020 DOTTORATO DI RICERCA IN SISTEMI DI PRODUZIONE E DESIGN INDUSTRIALE CICLO XXVII Phd Thesis The role and management of physical space in social innovation Michelle Perello Tutor: Prof. Alberto de Marco Coordinator: Prof. Maurizio Galetto A Giulietta, Gabriel e Alessandro. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................1 I - Research objectives ......................................................................................................................................3 II - Research methodology ...............................................................................................................................4 Chapter 1 – Social innovation IN LITERATURE ................................................................................................6 1.1 The evolution of innovation .......................................................................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • The Commune Movement During the 1960S and the 1970S in Britain, Denmark and The
    The Commune Movement during the 1960s and the 1970s in Britain, Denmark and the United States Sangdon Lee Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of History September 2016 i The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement ⓒ 2016 The University of Leeds and Sangdon Lee The right of Sangdon Lee to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 ii Abstract The communal revival that began in the mid-1960s developed into a new mode of activism, ‘communal activism’ or the ‘commune movement’, forming its own politics, lifestyle and ideology. Communal activism spread and flourished until the mid-1970s in many parts of the world. To analyse this global phenomenon, this thesis explores the similarities and differences between the commune movements of Denmark, UK and the US. By examining the motivations for the communal revival, links with 1960s radicalism, communes’ praxis and outward-facing activities, and the crisis within the commune movement and responses to it, this thesis places communal activism within the context of wider social movements for social change. Challenging existing interpretations which have understood the communal revival as an alternative living experiment to the nuclear family, or as a smaller part of the counter-culture, this thesis argues that the commune participants created varied and new experiments for a total revolution against the prevailing social order and its dominant values and institutions, including the patriarchal family and capitalism.
    [Show full text]
  • Articles Cooperative Enterprise As an Antimonopoly Strategy
    ART 1 - COOPERATIVE ENTERPRISE (DO NOT DELETE) 10/22/2019 4:02 PM Articles Cooperative Enterprise as an Antimonopoly Strategy Sandeep Vaheesan* & Nathan Schneider† ABSTRACT After decades of neglect, antitrust is once again a topic of public debate. Proponents of reviving antitrust have called for abandoning the narrow consumer welfare objective and embracing a broader set of objectives. One essential element that has been overlooked thus far is the ownership structure of the firm itself. The dominant model of investor- owned business and associated philosophy of shareholder wealth maximization exacerbate the pernicious effects of market power. In contrast, cooperative ownership models can mitigate the effects of monopoly and oligopoly, as well as advance the interests of consumers, workers, small business owners, and citizens. The promotion of fair competition among large firms should be paired with support for democratic cooperation within firms. Antitrust law has had a complicated history and relationship with cooperative enterprise. Corporations threatened by cooperatives have used the antitrust laws to frustrate the growth of these alternative businesses. To *Legal Director, Open Markets Institute. †Assistant Professor, Department of Media Studies, University of Colorado Boulder. The authors thank Lauren Bridges, Michelle Meagher, Sanjukta Paul, and Ganesh Sitaraman for thoughtful feedback on earlier drafts of this Article. 1 ART 1 - COOPERATIVE ENTERPRISE (DO NOT DELETE) 10/22/2019 4:02 PM 2 PENN STATE LAW REVIEW [Vol. 124:1 insulate cooperatives from the antitrust threat, Congress has enacted exemptions to protect cooperative entities, notably a general immunity for farm cooperatives in the 1922 Capper-Volstead Act. As part of an agenda to tame corporate monopoly, all three branches of the federal government and the states should revisit these ideas and seek to protect and enable the cooperative model across the economy.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    Introduction In Creating a Life Together, Diana Leafe Christian estimates that 90 percent of attempts to start an intentional community do not survive past the initial stages. Similarly, many personal searches for intentional community fizzle out due to lack of adequate information, guidance, or exposure to fellow travelers’ stories. In both cases, ignorance of the wide array of options possible, and of the breadth of resources and support available through the Fellowship for Intentional Community and allied groups, undoubtedly contributes to the “failure” rate. This volume on “Starting a Community” and the next volume in this series, on “Finding a Community,” address the need for one-stop collections of stories to help founders and seekers. They are meant to complement the Communities Directory (available in print and online: ic.org/directory), COMMUNITIES magazine, a quarterly publication focused on Life in Cooperative Culture, and educational resources available through Community Bookstore (ic.org/bookstore). These books should broaden anyone’s outlook on what is possible and how to pursue their dreams of community. Within each section we hear from a range of voices spanning a great diversity of perspectives and experiences. In this volume, following more general “overview” articles, we dive into on-the-ground stories from founders, arranged roughly chronologically, followed by a separate roughly chronological flow about experiences of community that don’t fit the classic intentional community definition but are nonetheless powerful for their creators and participants. Most articles are drawn from the past decade of COMMUNITIES magazine, with several excerpted from the Communities Directory and a few from older issues of COMMUNITIES that were also excerpted in our Best of collections, Volumes I and II.
    [Show full text]