DOCSLIB.ORG

Terrorism and Counterterrorism

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Terrorism and Counterterrorism SEGMENTS DE SEGURETAT COLLECTION / 5 TERRORISM AND COUNTERTERRORISM SEGMENTS DE SEGURETAT COLLECTION / 5 TERRORISM AND COUNTERTERRORISM SEGMENTS DE SEGURETAT COLLECTION / 5 TERRORISM AND COUNTERTERRORISM ABOUT THE AUTHOR Mario Toboso Buezo holds a PhD in Peace and International Security from UNED; he is a University Expert in the analysis of political violence and terrorism at the University of Granada; he holds a Bachelor of Laws and a Degree in Criminology; he is an adjunct professor at the University of Barcelona, where he gives academic sessions on terrorism; he is a co- author of the book on individual terrorism Lobos de Occidente (see all his publications in the bibliography of this manual). Toboso is a professor of the Degree in Security at the Institute for Public Security of Catalonia as a centre ascribed to the University of Barcelona. He participated as an expert speaker on terrorism at: European Diversity Expert Meeting (EDPOL, 2011); XI Permanent Seminar on Terrorism Studies, organised by the Fundación Ortega-Marañón and the Real Instituto Elcano (Madrid, 2012); Summer Courses at El Escorial, 2016. He participated as an expert speaker on individual terrorism at: 1st Conference on Intelligence in the Face of Radicalisation (2012); 9th and 11th International Course on Jihadist Terrorism, organised by the University Pablo de Olavide (Carmona, 2014; Seville, 2016); 3rd Conference on the Prevention of Jihadist Radicalisation (Castellbisbal, 2014). He was a speaker in the Commission of the Parliament of Catalonia on the Barcelona and Cambrils attacks (September 18th 2018). He participated as an expert on individual terrorism at the International Centre for Counter-Terrorism (ICCT- The Hague, Netherlands, 2015); as an expert on counter-narrative at University Pompeu Fabra (2017), and as an expert on terrorism at University Abad Oliba (2018). Segments de Seguretat Collection, 5 Director of the collection: Montserrat Royes Vila Author of this work: Mario Toboso Buezo Cover photo: Reza Sadeghi / Pixabay Photographs and graphics in the body of the manual: the rights belong to the authors, whose names or the source are indicated at the bottom of each image or in its description. Technical coordination and editing: Conxita Gandia Moragas Translation from the original in Catalan: Ibidem Group © Institute for Public Security of Catalonia Mollet del Vallès, October 2020 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International ISBN: 978-84-18199-35-6 CONTENTS PREFACE........................................................................................... 13 FOREWORD ...................................................................................... 15 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 17 CHAPTER 1 HOW DO YOU DEFINE TERRORISM? .............................................. 23 HISTORICAL ORIGINS OF TERRORISM .................................................................. 23 The Zealots and the Sicarii (1st century AD) ................................................................ 23 Between the 11th and 13th centuries: the Order of Assassins ..................................... 24 17th to 19th centuries: thug .......................................................................................... 25 ORIGINS OF MODERN TERRORISM ........................................................................ 25 French revolution: reign of terror 1793-1794 ................................................................ 25 THE FOUR WAVES OF TERRORISM ....................................................................... 26 First wave of terrorism: in Tsarist Russia of 1880 ........................................................ 26 Second wave (1917-1965): anticolonialism .................................................................. 26 Third wave (1968-1980): evolution of the ‘new revolutionary and nationalist left’ ........................................................................................................... 27 Fourth wave, where we are still immersed ................................................................... 27 WHAT IS TERRORISM? ............................................................................................ 28 What attitude to adopt? ................................................................................................ 28 Proposal for a scientific definition of terrorism .............................................................. 29 WHY DOES TERRORISM EXIST? ............................................................................. 31 Intentional causes ........................................................................................................ 31 VARIABLES OF INTEREST IN THE ANALYSIS OF TERRORISM ............................ 32 Macrosocial analysis .................................................................................................... 32 Psychosocial analysis .................................................................................................. 34 TERRORISM AND COUNTERTERRORISM 8 CONTENT S INSURGENCY, SUBVERSION, WARFARE AND COUNTERINSURGENCY 36 The insurgency .........................................................................................................................36 From protoinsurgency to consolidated insurgency ................................................................... 37 Purpose of insurgency ..............................................................................................................38 Insurgency-related concepts ....................................................................................................39 The five pillars of insurgency ...................................................................................................40 Counterinsurgency ................................................................................................................... 41 CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................................................43 CHAPTER 2 TYPES OF TERRORISM ............................................................................. 45 NATIONALIST TERRORISM ................................................................................................... 45 ETA .......................................................................................................................................... 45 IRA ........................................................................................................................................... 47 FAR-LEFT TERRORISM ......................................................................................................... 48 The Chinese and Cuban seeds ................................................................................................48 Genesis of European left-wing groups......................................................................................49 Red Army Faction (RAF) ..........................................................................................................49 GRAPO ....................................................................................................................................50 FAR-RIGHT TERRORISM ...................................................................................................... 50 Spanish far-right terrorist groups ............................................................................................. 51 Supremacists ............................................................................................................................ 51 White supremacists .................................................................................................................. 53 Vigilante or state terrorism ........................................................................................................54 INDIVIDUAL TERRORISM: LIQUIDO TERRORISM ............................................................... 55 The history of individual terrorism .............................................................................................56 Today’s lone wolf concept ........................................................................................................ 57 Proposal for definition of single actor........................................................................................58 The contamination of the term ‘lone wolf’ .................................................................................58 The saturation of the term ‘lone wolf’ by the media and the contagion effect ...........................59 Who can be an individual terrorist? ..........................................................................................60 Operational aspects of individual terrorists ............................................................................... 61 The trail ....................................................................................................................................64 Tracking intelligence ................................................................................................................66 The contagion effect and ‘cool jihad’ in the West .....................................................................69 Difference between individual terrorists and the ‘school killers’ phenomenon .......................... 70 Are individual terrorists mentally disturbed? ............................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Aida World Congress 2006
    AIDA WORLD CONGRESS 2006 INSURANCE, REINSURANCE AND THE IMPACT OF TERRORISM General Reporters: Professor Rob Merkin Professor Jerome Kullmann I THE QUESTIONNAIRE 1. MEANING OF TERRORISM (a) Is there any general definition of “terrorism”, “terrorist activity” or any related term in the general law within your jurisdiction? (b) If there is a definition, for what legal purposes is the definition relevant? 2. TERRORISM AND POLICY WORDINGS (a) To what extent do insurance and reinsurance policies written in your country exclude the liability of insurers and reinsurers for war risks? If so, is any distinction drawn between commercial and consumer contracts. Please answer this question on a class/sector by class/sector basis. (b) To what extent do insurance and reinsurance policies written in your country exclude the liability of insurers and reinsurers for terrorism risks? If so, is any distinction drawn between commercial and consumer contracts? Please answer this question on a class/sector by class/sector basis. (c) To what extent do war risks or exclusions and terrorism risks or exclusions or those for other acts of political or other violence such as malicious damage overlap? (d) Are there any market definitions of terrorism in use for insurance or reinsurance contracts? Please answer this question on class/sector by class/sector basis. If these have been introduced in response to recent developments how do these differ from previous provisions? (e) If there are policy restrictions on or exclusions of terrorism cover, when were these first
    [Show full text]
  • A Review on Bioterrorism and Biological Warfare
    Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Letters Research | Vol 3 Iss 2 A Review on Bioterrorism and Biological Warfare Karunasree P* Department of Financial Management, GITAM University, Visakhaptnam, India. *Corresponding author: Karunasree P, Department of Financial Management and Biotechnology, GITAM University, Visakhaptnam, India, Tel: +919985642255; E-mail: [email protected] Received: February 25, 2017; Accepted: March 27, 2017; Published: April 05, 2017 Abstract The exaggerated threat of act of terrorism, the chance displayed by numerous microorganisms as biological warfare has to be evaluated and also the historical development and use of biological microorganisms better understood. Warfare agents could also be less assailable than typical and chemical weapons. Throughout the past century, the progress created in biotechnology and biochemistry has simplified the process and development of such weapons. Additionally, biotechnology holds maybe the foremost dangerous threat. Simple production and also the broad handiness of biological agents Associated in developing technical knowhow have Led to an additional unfold of biological weapons and an exaggerated want among developing countries to possess them. This text explains the ideas of warfare and its state of development, its utilization, and also the makes an attempt to regulate its proliferation throughout history. The threat of biological terrorism is real and significant; it's neither within the realm of fantasy nor confined to our nation. Keywords: Bioterrorism, biological warfare, World War Historical Aspects of Bioterrorism Bioterrorism actually implies utilizing microorganisms or infected examples to bring about fear and frenzy in populaces. Bioterrorism had started in 14 centuries BC, when the Hittites sent contaminated rams to their foes. Military pioneers in the medieval times perceived that casualties of irresistible infections could progress toward becoming weapons themselves [1-9].
    [Show full text]
  • Modern Latin America HIST 4369-001 Monday Through Friday, 9:00-10:40 AM HPR 252 3 Credit Hours
    Modern Latin America HIST 4369-001 Monday through Friday, 9:00-10:40 AM HPR 252 3 Credit Hours Dr. Colin Snider Office Hours: BUS 267 M-T-W, 10:45-11:45 AM [email protected] Or by appointment Description This course offers a graduate-level study of the scholarship in Latin American History through the lens of human rights. It is designed to help graduate students simultaneously become familiar with the history and historiography of modern Latin American history and the conceptual and practical components of human rights on a more global scale. At the same time, this course will help students explore the various types of history that historians embrace. More specifically, this course has been designed to familiarize graduate students with the general narrative of modern Latin American history while also introducing them to many of the fundamental paradigms and analytical models that shape the field of history today. Students will be introduced to a wide array of forms of historical analysis, interpretation, conceptualization, theorization, and sources currently used in the historical profession so that students can identify and apply them. Core readings will be drawn from recent scholarship on human rights in modern Latin America that will both reveal what recent trends have developed, even while addressing some of the older scholarship and issues that historians have confronted across the past several decades. This course should help you not only to better understand the modern history of Latin America, but also to help you identify the kind of historian you are or hope to become and provide analytical tools to achieve your intellectual, personal, and professional goals.
    [Show full text]
  • Office of Criminal Investigations AMIA CASE
    Investigations Unit of the Office of the Attorney General Marcelo Martinez Burgos Alberto Nisman District attorney Attorney general Office of criminal investigations AMIA CASE 0 REPORT; REQUEST FOR ARRESTS Your Honor: ALBERTO NISMAN and MARCELO MARTÍNEZ BURGOS, district attorneys in charge of the Unidad Fiscal de Investigación del atentado a la AMIA [District attorney’s unit in charge of the investigation of the AMIA attack] in case no. 8566 of the register of Juzgado Nacional en lo Criminal and Correccional Federal n° 6 of Buenos Aires, Secretaría 11 - Anexo |AMIA. Case name: "Coppe, Juan Carlos y otros s/asociación ilícita, homicidio, lesiones, daños y otros". The investigation involves the attack against AMIA on 18 July 1994, in regard to which we hereby present the following report: I. INTRODUCTION a) Subject matter and relevance of the report Pursuant to the decree (p. 115.336/115.3411) 1 issued 8 February 2005, the judge in the case His Honor Rodolfo Canicoba Corral, assigned to the present authors the case mentioned above. The assignment was to investigate the 18 July 1994 bombing of the building at calle Pasteur n° 633 in Buenos Aires. This building housed the offices of, among other organizations, the Asociación 1 In the present report, unless otherwise indicated, page references (p.) indicate material from the main body of the proceedings. 1 Mutual Israelita Argentina (hereinafter referred to as AMIA) and the Delegación de Asociaciones Israelitas Argentinas (hereinafter referred to as DALA). The attack caused the death of 85 persons, injuries of varying severity to at least 151 persons, and substantial damage.
    [Show full text]
  • UWP 38 Final.Pdf
    INSTITUTE The Grim Reaper: Extrajudicial Violence and Autocratic Rule José A. Alemán February 2021 Users Working Paper SERIES 2021:38 THE VARIETIES OF DEMOCRACY INSTITUTE Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) is a new approach to the conceptualization and measurement of democracy. It is co-hosted by the University of Gothenburg and University of Notre Dame. With a V-Dem Institute at University of Gothenburg that comprises 20 staff members, and a project team across the world with 5 Principal Investigators, 19 Project Managers, 33 Regional Managers, 134 Country Coordinators, Research Assistants, and 3200 Country Experts, the V- Dem project is one of the largest-ever data collection programs on democracy. Please address comments and/or queries for information to: V-Dem Institute Department of Political Science University of Gothenburg Sprängkullsgatan 19, Box 711 SE 40530 Gothenburg Sweden E-mail: [email protected] V-Dem Working Papers are available in electronic format at www.v-dem.net. Copyright © 2021 University of Gothenburg, V-Dem Institute. All rights reserved. Disclaimer: V-Dem does not do quality control and therefore does not endorse the content of the papers, which is the responsibility of the authors only. The Grim Reaper: Extrajudicial Violence and Autocratic Rule * José A. Alemán Professor Fordham University * I would like to acknowledge Fordham University’s support for this research through a Research Expense Program award and a Faculty Fellowship award. I would also like to thank Courteney Conrad, John Entelis, Erica Frantz, José Kaire, Graig Klein, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Enrico Antonio La Viña, Dong Wook Lee, J. Patrice McSherry, Chaitra Nagaraja, Melissa Patel, Jan H.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume XIII, Issue 5 October 2019 PERSPECTIVES on TERRORISM Volume 13, Issue 5
    ISSN 2334-3745 Volume XIII, Issue 5 October 2019 PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 13, Issue 5 Table of Contents Welcome from the Editors...............................................................................................................................1 Articles Islamist Terrorism, Diaspora Links and Casualty Rates................................................................................2 by James A. Piazza and Gary LaFree “The Khilafah’s Soldiers in Bengal”: Analysing the Islamic State Jihadists and Their Violence Justification Narratives in Bangladesh...............................................................................................................................22 by Saimum Parvez Islamic State Propaganda and Attacks: How are they Connected?..............................................................39 by Nate Rosenblatt, Charlie Winter and Rajan Basra Towards Open and Reproducible Terrorism Studies: Current Trends and Next Steps...............................61 by Sandy Schumann, Isabelle van der Vegt, Paul Gill and Bart Schuurman Taking Terrorist Accounts of their Motivations Seriously: An Exploration of the Hermeneutics of Suspicion.......................................................................................................................................................74 by Lorne L. Dawson An Evaluation of the Islamic State’s Influence over the Abu Sayyaf ...........................................................90 by Veera Singam Kalicharan Research Notes Countering Violent Extremism
    [Show full text]
  • Sleight of Hand: Violence As Performance and the Spectacle of Absence in the Southern Cone
    Sleight of Hand: Violence as Performance and the Spectacle of Absence in the Southern Cone Item Type text; Electronic Thesis Authors Barefoot, James Collin Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 24/09/2021 20:39:47 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/560936 SLEIGHT OF HAND: VIOLENCE AS PERFORMANCE AND THE SPECTACLE OF ABSENCE IN THE SOUTHERN CONE by James Barefoot ____________________________ Copyright © James Barefoot 2015 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2015 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that an accurate acknowledgement of the source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: James Barefoot APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: May 7, 2015_____ Jadwiga Pieper Mooney Date Professor of History 2 Acknowledgements My name is listed as the author of this work, but I had plenty of help along the way.
    [Show full text]
  • The Construction of Collective Memory of State Terrorism in Mexico, Argentina, and Chile
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2017 Remembering in Spite of All: The onsC truction of Collective Memory of State Terrorism in Mexico, Argentina, and Chile Telba Espinoza-Contreras Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Comparative Literature Commons Recommended Citation Espinoza-Contreras, Telba, "Remembering in Spite of All: The onC struction of Collective Memory of State Terrorism in Mexico, Argentina, and Chile" (2017). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 4218. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/4218 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. REMEMBERING IN SPITE OF ALL: THE CONSTRUCTION OF COLLECTIVE MEMORY OF STATE TERRORISM IN MEXICO, ARGENTINA, AND CHILE A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Interdisciplinary Program in Comparative Literature by Telba Espinoza Contreras B.A., Universidad de Quintana Roo, Mexico, 2002 M.A., Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, Mexico, 2007 M.A., Louisiana State University, 2009 August 2017 Para mi hermano Edel Para mis hijas Valentina y Natalia ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr. Laura Martins, my dissertation advisor, for her patience, guidance, and support.
    [Show full text]
  • August 2020 PERSPECTIVES on TERRORISM Volume 14, Issue 4
    ISSN 2334-3745 Volume XIV, Issue 4 August 2020 PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 14, Issue 4 Table of Contents Welcome from the Editors...............................................................................................................................1 Introduction to the Special Issue ...................................................................................................................2 by Jorge M. Lasmar and Rashmi Singh Articles Illicit Trade and Terrorism .............................................................................................................................7 by Louise I. Shelley Breaking Hezbollah’s ‘Golden Rule’: An Inside Look at the Modus Operandi of Hezbollah’s Islamic Jihad Organization ................................................................................................................................................21 By Matthew Levitt ISIS Resurgence in Al Hawl Camp and Human Smuggling Enterprises in Syria: Crime and Terror Convergence? ................................................................................................................................................43 by Christian Vianna de Azevedo The Use of Terrorist Tools by Criminal Organizations: The Case of the Brazilian Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) ...............................................................................................................................................64 by Guilherme Damasceno Fonseca Cartel-Related Violence in Mexico as Narco-Terrorism or Criminal Insurgency:
    [Show full text]
  • A Critique of State Terrorism Zoi Aliozi*
    A CRITIQUE OF STATE TERRORISM ZOI ALIOZI* ABSTRACT This essay is a critical philosophical analysis of the concept of “state terrorism” based upon an epistemological discussion. It is an attempt to re-formulate the question of terrorism by making the case that “state terrorism” is the mother phenomenon and root of all forms of terrorism. My ambition is to contribute in our understanding of terrorism by revealing that, in the Greek language which is the language of concepts and philosophy, the term terrorism literally means “state terrorism,” and it belongs to the same family of words as democracy, aristocracy, autocracy and so on and so forth, since they share their second synthetic and suffix –cracy. This recognition may have the power to open new ways of viewing the term and phenomenon of terrorism, if not re-define the concept by describing it according to the term’s original meaning. Under this logic, terrorism would refer to a form of government and a political system; a hypothesis that my essay introduces into the philosophical dialogues on terrorism, since it has never before been discussed within these terms. Keywords: State terrorism, critical legal studies, philosophy, law, human rights. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. PROLEGOMENA (Introduction) ...............................................................................................54 II. IS TERRORISM, BY DEFINITION, STATE TERRORISM? ............................................................57 CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................65
    [Show full text]
  • Institute for National Security and Counterterrorism Annual Report
    INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL SECURITY AND COUNTERTERRORISM ANNUAL REPORT 2005 - 2006 National security and terrorism issues have taken center stage in our nation and in much of the world. Although security concerns have arisen periodically throughout our history, the global “war on terrorism” and a range of vexing threats to national and international security now present unprecedented challenges to our legal and policy‐ making systems. The Institute for National Security and Counterterrorism (INSCT), a joint enterprise of the College of Law and the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, is uniquely situated to address these challenges. Bringing together academics, current and former practitioners, and graduate students from a range of disciplines, INSCT supports the interdisciplinary study of important questions of law and policy related to national and international security and counterterrorism. It does this through educational programs, scholarly research, and public service. This report outlines INSCT’s progress and accomplishments over the course of the 2005‐2006 academic year and its plans for the future. This report is divided into the following subsections: I. INSCT’s Mission II. Educational Programs III. Events IV. Research V. Public Service VI. Administration insct.syr.edu 1 I. MISSION To promote the interdisciplinary study of important questions of law and policy related to national and international security and counterterrorism INSCT builds on existing expertise and strengths of the faculty and the University to join law and policy and a range of disciplinary approaches to address important issues related to national and international security and counterterrorism. Faculty affiliated with INSCT from the College of Law, the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, and the S.I.
    [Show full text]
  • Cmdpdh-Erradicating
    ERADICATING IMPUNITY FOR ATROCITIES COMMITTED IN DICTATORSHIPS, AUTHORITARIAN REGIMES AND ARMED CONFLICTS IN LATIN AMERICA: Challenges and good practices in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Guatemala and Peru ERADICATING IMPUNITY FOR ATROCITIES COMMITTED IN DICTATORSHIPS, AUTHORITARIAN REGIMES AND ARMED CONFLICTS IN LATIN AMERICA: Challenges and good practices in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Guatemala and Peru Credits Comisión Mexicana de Defensa y Promoción de los Derechos Humanos, A.C. COORDINATION Phone José Antonio Guevara Bermúdez* y +52(55) 5564 2582 Lucía Guadalupe Chávez Vargas Email Authors [email protected] Ronald Gamarra Herrera, Nelson Camilo Sánchez, Magdalena Garcés Fuentes, Web Page Gastón Chillier, Verónica Torras, Herminia www.cmdpdh.org Saquimux Canastuj Social media Editor /@cmdpdh José Antonio Guevara Bermúdez /cmdpdh /cmdpdh Copyediting and Proofreading José Antonio Guevara Bermúdez March, 2018 Some rights reserved Text revision Printed in Mexico Natalia Báez Zamudio This book can be viewed and Translator downloaded at Lucia Duero http://cmdpdh.org/publicaciones-pdf/ cmd-pdh-eradicating-impunity-for-atroci- PHOTO CREDITS ties-commit-ted-in-latin-america.pdf Luis María Barranco DESIGN AND EDITION El Recipiente Address Tehuantepec #142, Col. Roma Sur, Del. Cuauhtémoc, C.P. 06760, CDMX, México. Total or partial reproduction of this publication is authorized, provided the source is acknowledged. This publication has been produced with the financial assistance of the Fund for Global Human Rights (FGHR). The contents of this publication
    [Show full text]