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August 2020 PERSPECTIVES on TERRORISM Volume 14, Issue 4

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ISSN 2334-3745 Volume XIV, Issue 4 August 2020 PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 14, Issue 4 Table of Contents Welcome from the Editors...............................................................................................................................1 Introduction to the Special Issue ...................................................................................................................2 by Jorge M. Lasmar and Rashmi Singh Articles Illicit Trade and Terrorism .............................................................................................................................7 by Louise I. Shelley Breaking Hezbollah’s ‘Golden Rule’: An Inside Look at the Modus Operandi of Hezbollah’s Islamic Jihad Organization ................................................................................................................................................21 By Matthew Levitt ISIS Resurgence in Al Hawl Camp and Human Smuggling Enterprises in Syria: Crime and Terror Convergence? ................................................................................................................................................43 by Christian Vianna de Azevedo The Use of Terrorist Tools by Criminal Organizations: The Case of the Brazilian Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) ...............................................................................................................................................64 by Guilherme Damasceno Fonseca Cartel-Related Violence in Mexico as Narco-Terrorism or Criminal Insurgency: A Literature Review....83 by David Teiner Network vs. Network: Countering Crime-Terror by Combining the Strengths of Law Enforcement, Military and Academia..............................................................................................................................................99 by Christian Vianna de Azevedo & Sara Pollak Dudley Resources Bibliography: Terrorism and Organized Crime in Latin America ...........................................................118 Compiled and selected by David Teiner Counterterrorism Bookshelf: 28 Books on Terrorism & Counter-Terrorism-Related Subjects................155 Reviewed by Joshua Sinai Bibliography: Islamic State (IS, ISIS, ISIL, Daesh).....................................................................................169 Compiled and selected by Judith Tinnes Book Review: Kurt Braddock, Weaponized Words: The Strategic Role of Persuasion in Violent Radicalization and Counter-Radicalization........................................................................................................................215 Reviewed by William Allchorn Book Review: Jonathan Matusitz, Global Jihad in Muslim and non-Muslim Contexts..............................217 Reviewed by Nancy Hartevelt Kobrin Recent Online Resources for the Analysis of Terrorism and Related Subjects..........................................219 by Berto Jongman ISSN 2334-3745 II August 2020 PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 14, Issue 4 Announcements Conference Monitor.....................................................................................................................................246 Compiled by Reinier Bergema About Perspectives on Terrorism..................................................................................................................254 ISSN 2334-3745 III August 2020 PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 14, Issue 4 Words of Welcome from the Editors Dear Reader, We are pleased to announce the release of Volume XIV, Issue 4 (August 2020) of Perspectives on Terrorism (ISSN 2334-3745). Our independent online journal is a publication of the Terrorism Research Initiative (TRI), Vienna, and the Institute of Security and Global Affairs (ISGA) of Leiden University’s Campus in The Hague. All past and recent issues are freely available online at URL: https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/perspectives-on- terrorism. Perspectives on Terrorism (PoT) is indexed by JSTOR, SCOPUS, and GoogleScholar. Now in its fourteenth year, it has more than 9,000 registered subscribers and many more occasional readers and website visitors worldwide. The Articles of its six annual issues are fully peer-reviewed by external referees while its Research and Policy Notes, Special Correspondence, Resources and other content are subject to internal editorial quality control. The current issue is a Special Issue, focusing on the Nexus between Terrorism and Transnational Crime. It is guest-edited by Jorge M. Lasmar and Rashmi Singh who both work in the Department of International Relations at the Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Brazil. In their Introduction, they explain the conference origins of the articles of this Special Issue and introduce both topics and authors. Our Resources Section includes a bibliography by David Teiner on Terrorism and Organised Crime in Latin America which is linked to the topic of this Special Issue. It also includes the usual Counter-Terrorism Bookshelf column by our Book Reviews editor, Joshua Sinai (who has just been appointed as Professor of Practice, Counterterrorism Studies, at the Capitol Technology University). He introduces 28 (mostly new) studies which have reached his desk in recent months. Judith Tinnes, our journal’s Information Resources Editor, adds a new bibliography - her sixth - on the Islamic State (IS, ISIS, ISIL, Daesh). There are also two book reviews by William Allchorn and Nancy Hartevelt Kobrin. They review new publications by Kurt Braddock (Weaponized Words: The Strategic Role of Persuasion in Violent Radicalization and Counter-Radicalization) and by Jonathan Matusitz (Global Jihad in Muslim and non-Muslin Contexts) in this section. This is followed by contributions from two of our Associate Editors: Berto Jongman’s regular survey of new web-based resources on terrorism and related subjects and Reinier Bergema’s overview of recent and upcoming conferences and workshops on terrorism and counter-terrorism. Due to the large number of publications we receive every month, we have again expanded our Editorial Board, and welcome here with great pride as its latest member Prof. em. David C. Rapoport, the founding editor of Terrorism and Political Violence. We have recently also appointed a new Assistant Information Resources Editor, David Teiner, from the University of Trier, Germany. The articles for the current issue of Perspectives on Terrorism have, as mentioned above, been compiled and edited by Rashmi Singh and Jorge M. Lasmar. They have been assisted by the principal editors of our journal, Alex Schmid and James Forest. The technical online launch of this journal issue at the end of August 2020 has, as usual, been in the hands Associate Editor for IT, Christine Boelema Robertus, with editing and proofreading support from Editorial Assistant Jodi Moore. ISSN 2334-3745 1 August 2020 PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 14, Issue 4 Introduction to the Special Issue by Jorge M. Lasmar and Rashmi Singh We are delighted to introduce this special issue on the crime-terror nexus which emerged from the TRAC Forum’s third annual conference, titled “The Nexus of Terrorism and Transnational Organised Crime’, which was held at PUC Minas over four days in late September 2019. TRAC, or the Collaborative Research Network on Terrorism, Radicalisation and Organised Crime, was co-founded by the authors of this Introduction in 2016 and is based in the Department of International Relations of the Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Brazil. TRAC operates under the umbrella of the Terrorism Research Initiative (TRI), one of the largest research consortia in the field of Terrorism Studies. Our key mission is to function as a bridge between theory, practice and policy formulation by linking researchers working in the area of security, particularly terrorism, radicalisation and organised crime, with practitioners in both public and private sectors. TRAC is comprised of academics and graduate students from universities across Brazil as well as researchers and practitioners from private and public sectors across Latin America. Amongst the many things that we do, we particularly pride ourselves in providing a neutral space to discuss and debate sensitive issues for academic researchers and non-academic professionals across a host of domestic, regional and international agencies. Our annual conference, the TRAC Forum, has, in the few short years that we have been organizing it, emerged as one of the key conferences in the field of counterterrorism and transnational crime in Latin America. The forum provides an opportunity for practitioners and scholars in the field to establish professional relationships and exchange practical experience. Papers presented at the forum are designed to intertwine theoretical and practical knowledge, thereby offering participants the tools for developing a more critical understanding of the subjects under discussion. On the one hand, this supports decision-makers by providing them with the means to develop more informed responses to key security challenges whilst, on the other hand, also enabling academics to more fully understand the practicalities of intervention. Thus, the annual TRAC Forum seeks to expand and deepen the knowledge base of operators, policymakers, decision-makers as well as academics in the field of domestic, regional and international security. The event usually comprises both closed, by- invitation-only panels as well as open sessions, geared primarily
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