DOCSLIB.ORG

August 2020 PERSPECTIVES on TERRORISM Volume 14, Issue 4

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
August 2020 PERSPECTIVES on TERRORISM Volume 14, Issue 4 ISSN 2334-3745 Volume XIV, Issue 4 August 2020 PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 14, Issue 4 Table of Contents Welcome from the Editors...............................................................................................................................1 Introduction to the Special Issue ...................................................................................................................2 by Jorge M. Lasmar and Rashmi Singh Articles Illicit Trade and Terrorism .............................................................................................................................7 by Louise I. Shelley Breaking Hezbollah’s ‘Golden Rule’: An Inside Look at the Modus Operandi of Hezbollah’s Islamic Jihad Organization ................................................................................................................................................21 By Matthew Levitt ISIS Resurgence in Al Hawl Camp and Human Smuggling Enterprises in Syria: Crime and Terror Convergence? ................................................................................................................................................43 by Christian Vianna de Azevedo The Use of Terrorist Tools by Criminal Organizations: The Case of the Brazilian Primeiro Comando da Capital (PCC) ...............................................................................................................................................64 by Guilherme Damasceno Fonseca Cartel-Related Violence in Mexico as Narco-Terrorism or Criminal Insurgency: A Literature Review....83 by David Teiner Network vs. Network: Countering Crime-Terror by Combining the Strengths of Law Enforcement, Military and Academia..............................................................................................................................................99 by Christian Vianna de Azevedo & Sara Pollak Dudley Resources Bibliography: Terrorism and Organized Crime in Latin America ...........................................................118 Compiled and selected by David Teiner Counterterrorism Bookshelf: 28 Books on Terrorism & Counter-Terrorism-Related Subjects................155 Reviewed by Joshua Sinai Bibliography: Islamic State (IS, ISIS, ISIL, Daesh).....................................................................................169 Compiled and selected by Judith Tinnes Book Review: Kurt Braddock, Weaponized Words: The Strategic Role of Persuasion in Violent Radicalization and Counter-Radicalization........................................................................................................................215 Reviewed by William Allchorn Book Review: Jonathan Matusitz, Global Jihad in Muslim and non-Muslim Contexts..............................217 Reviewed by Nancy Hartevelt Kobrin Recent Online Resources for the Analysis of Terrorism and Related Subjects..........................................219 by Berto Jongman ISSN 2334-3745 II August 2020 PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 14, Issue 4 Announcements Conference Monitor.....................................................................................................................................246 Compiled by Reinier Bergema About Perspectives on Terrorism..................................................................................................................254 ISSN 2334-3745 III August 2020 PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 14, Issue 4 Words of Welcome from the Editors Dear Reader, We are pleased to announce the release of Volume XIV, Issue 4 (August 2020) of Perspectives on Terrorism (ISSN 2334-3745). Our independent online journal is a publication of the Terrorism Research Initiative (TRI), Vienna, and the Institute of Security and Global Affairs (ISGA) of Leiden University’s Campus in The Hague. All past and recent issues are freely available online at URL: https://www.universiteitleiden.nl/perspectives-on- terrorism. Perspectives on Terrorism (PoT) is indexed by JSTOR, SCOPUS, and GoogleScholar. Now in its fourteenth year, it has more than 9,000 registered subscribers and many more occasional readers and website visitors worldwide. The Articles of its six annual issues are fully peer-reviewed by external referees while its Research and Policy Notes, Special Correspondence, Resources and other content are subject to internal editorial quality control. The current issue is a Special Issue, focusing on the Nexus between Terrorism and Transnational Crime. It is guest-edited by Jorge M. Lasmar and Rashmi Singh who both work in the Department of International Relations at the Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Brazil. In their Introduction, they explain the conference origins of the articles of this Special Issue and introduce both topics and authors. Our Resources Section includes a bibliography by David Teiner on Terrorism and Organised Crime in Latin America which is linked to the topic of this Special Issue. It also includes the usual Counter-Terrorism Bookshelf column by our Book Reviews editor, Joshua Sinai (who has just been appointed as Professor of Practice, Counterterrorism Studies, at the Capitol Technology University). He introduces 28 (mostly new) studies which have reached his desk in recent months. Judith Tinnes, our journal’s Information Resources Editor, adds a new bibliography - her sixth - on the Islamic State (IS, ISIS, ISIL, Daesh). There are also two book reviews by William Allchorn and Nancy Hartevelt Kobrin. They review new publications by Kurt Braddock (Weaponized Words: The Strategic Role of Persuasion in Violent Radicalization and Counter-Radicalization) and by Jonathan Matusitz (Global Jihad in Muslim and non-Muslin Contexts) in this section. This is followed by contributions from two of our Associate Editors: Berto Jongman’s regular survey of new web-based resources on terrorism and related subjects and Reinier Bergema’s overview of recent and upcoming conferences and workshops on terrorism and counter-terrorism. Due to the large number of publications we receive every month, we have again expanded our Editorial Board, and welcome here with great pride as its latest member Prof. em. David C. Rapoport, the founding editor of Terrorism and Political Violence. We have recently also appointed a new Assistant Information Resources Editor, David Teiner, from the University of Trier, Germany. The articles for the current issue of Perspectives on Terrorism have, as mentioned above, been compiled and edited by Rashmi Singh and Jorge M. Lasmar. They have been assisted by the principal editors of our journal, Alex Schmid and James Forest. The technical online launch of this journal issue at the end of August 2020 has, as usual, been in the hands Associate Editor for IT, Christine Boelema Robertus, with editing and proofreading support from Editorial Assistant Jodi Moore. ISSN 2334-3745 1 August 2020 PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 14, Issue 4 Introduction to the Special Issue by Jorge M. Lasmar and Rashmi Singh We are delighted to introduce this special issue on the crime-terror nexus which emerged from the TRAC Forum’s third annual conference, titled “The Nexus of Terrorism and Transnational Organised Crime’, which was held at PUC Minas over four days in late September 2019. TRAC, or the Collaborative Research Network on Terrorism, Radicalisation and Organised Crime, was co-founded by the authors of this Introduction in 2016 and is based in the Department of International Relations of the Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Brazil. TRAC operates under the umbrella of the Terrorism Research Initiative (TRI), one of the largest research consortia in the field of Terrorism Studies. Our key mission is to function as a bridge between theory, practice and policy formulation by linking researchers working in the area of security, particularly terrorism, radicalisation and organised crime, with practitioners in both public and private sectors. TRAC is comprised of academics and graduate students from universities across Brazil as well as researchers and practitioners from private and public sectors across Latin America. Amongst the many things that we do, we particularly pride ourselves in providing a neutral space to discuss and debate sensitive issues for academic researchers and non-academic professionals across a host of domestic, regional and international agencies. Our annual conference, the TRAC Forum, has, in the few short years that we have been organizing it, emerged as one of the key conferences in the field of counterterrorism and transnational crime in Latin America. The forum provides an opportunity for practitioners and scholars in the field to establish professional relationships and exchange practical experience. Papers presented at the forum are designed to intertwine theoretical and practical knowledge, thereby offering participants the tools for developing a more critical understanding of the subjects under discussion. On the one hand, this supports decision-makers by providing them with the means to develop more informed responses to key security challenges whilst, on the other hand, also enabling academics to more fully understand the practicalities of intervention. Thus, the annual TRAC Forum seeks to expand and deepen the knowledge base of operators, policymakers, decision-makers as well as academics in the field of domestic, regional and international security. The event usually comprises both closed, by- invitation-only panels as well as open sessions, geared primarily
Load more

Recommended publications
  • TASK FORCE the Donald C
    HENRY M. JACKSON SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY of WASHINGTON TASK FORCE The Donald C. Hellmann Task Force Program Preventing ISIL’S Rebirth Through a Greater Understanding of Radicalization: A Case Study of ISIL Foreign Fighters 2020 Preventing ISIL’s Rebirth Through A Greater Understanding of Radicalization: A Case Study of ISIL Foreign Fighters Evaluator Corinne Graff, Ph.D. Senior Advisor, Conflict Prevention and Fragility United States Institute of Peace (USIP) Faculty Advisor Denis Bašić, Ph.D. ~ Coordinator Orla Casey Editor Audrey Conrad Authors Orla Casey Audrey Conrad Devon Fleming Olympia Hunt Manisha Jha Fenyun Li Hannah Reilly Haley Rogers Aliye Volkan Jaya Wegner Our Task Force would like to express our gratitude towards Professor Denis Bašić, without whom this Task Force would not have been possible. Thank you for your guidance, expertise, and abundance of knowledge. We appreciate you always pushing us further towards a deeper understanding. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary……………………………………………………………………………….2 The Rise of ISIL and Foreign Fighters…………………………………………………………....3 Section I: Middle Eastern and North African ISIL Recruitment Saudi Arabia…………………………………………………………...………………………….7 Tunisia………………………………………………………………………………………...…13 Morocco………………………………………………………………………………………….15 Libya……………………………………………………………………………………………..17 Egypt……………………………………………………………………………………………..21 Jordan……………………………………………………………………………………………25 Lebanon………………………………………………………………………………………….30 Turkey……………………………………………………………………………………………34 Section II: South
    [Show full text]
  • The ISIS Bride
    American University National Security Law Brief Volume 11 Issue 2 Article 4 2021 The Right of Return: The ISIS Bride Casey Hare-Osifchin Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/nslb Part of the National Security Law Commons Recommended Citation Casey Hare-Osifchin "The Right of Return: The ISIS Bride," American University National Security Law Brief, Vol. 11, No. 2 (2021). Available at: https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/nslb/vol11/iss2/4 This Response or Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University National Security Law Brief by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Right of Return: The ISIS Bride Casey Hare-Osifchin* ABSTRACT With the migration of Westerners to fight as a part of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (“ISIS” or “ISIL”), there is an often-overlooked group of others who flock to the region in order to do what they consider to be their part. This is a group comprised of women, often extremely young, some even minors, who have felt compelled to fulfill their perceived duty to the Caliphate. They are usually branded ISIS brides. These girls and women are frequently radicalized online, and they subsequently travel to war-torn areas to be married to a member of ISIS and provide children for the Caliphate.
    [Show full text]
  • “Arab Spring Or Arab Winter (Or Both)? Implications for U.S. Policy
    www.pomed.org ♦ 1820 Jefferson Place NW, Suite 400 ♦ Washington, DC 20036 “Arab Spring or Arab Winter (or Both)? Implications for U.S. Policy” The Middle East Program Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars 1300 Pennsylvania Ave., NW Tuesday July 19th, 9:30 a.m.-11:00 a.m. On Tuesday, the Middle East Program hosted an event at the Woodrow Wilson Center entitled “Arab Spring or Arab Winter (or Both)? Implications for U.S. Policy” featuring expert panelists: Marwan Muasher, Vice President for studies at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; Ellen Laipson, President and CEO of the Stimson Center; Rami G.Khouri, Director of the Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy and International Affairs at the American University of Beirut; and Aaron David Miller, Public Policy Scholar at the Woodrow Wilson Center. Ellen Laipson asserted that the movement in the Middle East has surpassed a „season‟ and will prove to be an enduring and prevailing issue in global politics. She stated that overall, the movement was a “net positive for the region” although there is still unsettling uncertainty in the area. She also discussed a global transition that is taking place, where middle powers are rising and the U.S.‟ regional influences are diminishing. Also, she proposed the question of how the U.S. can initiate conversations with countries in the Middle East which haven‟t faced a revolutionary transition yet. Lastly, Laipson discussed how the U.S., as a part of the international community whole, can continue to promote democracy and institution-building in transitional governments. She noted that the security agenda mustn‟t be dismissed, and that security sector reform needs to be a part of the overall effort of the reform process.
    [Show full text]
  • The Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products and How to Tackle It Disclaimer and Statement of Purpose
    The Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products and How to Tackle It Disclaimer and Statement of Purpose “The Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products and How to Tackle It” is published by the International Tax and Investment Center (ITIC), a non-profit research and education foundation. ITIC serves as a clearinghouse for information on best practices in taxation and investment policy, and as a training center to transfer such know how to improve the investment climates of transition and developing countries, thereby spurring formation and development of business and economic prosperity. The purpose of this publication is to serve as a resource guide and best practices reference for tax, customs, and law enforcement officials to improve their efforts to combat the illicit trade in tobacco products. ITIC received supplemental contributions from tobacco companies to help underwrite the cost of this publication. However, ITIC retained full editorial control and takes full responsibility for the content and any errors or omissions. The publication is not intended to be a statement of ITIC policies, nor is it intended to endorse the views or policies of any of the contributing organizations or individuals (financially or otherwise), such as the World Customs Organization (WCO), the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) or the tobacco industry. Inputs to this publication, including data and case studies, were provided by tax and customs officials, the World Customs Organization (WCO), industry representatives and various consultants. About the Author Elizabeth
    [Show full text]
  • La Situación De La Violencia Relacionada Con Las Drogas En México Del 2006 Al 2017 : ¿Es Un Conflicto Armado No Internacional
    La situación de la violencia relacionada con las drogas en México del 2006 al 2017 : Titulo ¿es un conflicto armado no internacional? Arriaga Valenzuela, Luis - Prologuista; Guevara Bermúdez, José Antonio - Otra; Autor(es) Campo Esteta, Laura Martín del - Traductor/a; Universiteit Leiden, Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies - Autor/a; Guadalajara Lugar ITESO Editorial/Editor Comisión Mexicana de Defensa y Promoción de los Derechos Humanos 2019 Fecha Colección Tráfico de drogas; Drogas; Violencia; Carteles; México; Temas Libro Tipo de documento "http://biblioteca.clacso.org/Mexico/cip-iteso/20200713020717/03.pdf" URL Reconocimiento-No Comercial-Sin Derivadas CC BY-NC-ND Licencia http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/deed.es Segui buscando en la Red de Bibliotecas Virtuales de CLACSO http://biblioteca.clacso.org Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (CLACSO) Conselho Latino-americano de Ciências Sociais (CLACSO) Latin American Council of Social Sciences (CLACSO) www.clacso.org La situación de la violencia relacionada con las drogas en México del 2006 al 2017: ¿es un conflicto armado no Internacional? La situación de la violencia relacionada con las drogas en México del 2006 al 2017: ¿es un conflicto armado no Internacional? COMISIÓN MEXIcaNA DE DEFENSA Y PROMOCIÓN DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS, A.C. CONSEJO DIRECTIVO COORDINacIÓN DE INCIDENCIA Ximena Andión Ibáñez Olga Guzmán Vergara Presidenta Coordinadora Alejandro Anaya Muñoz Jürgen Moritz Beatriz Solís Leere María Corina Muskus Toro Jacobo Dayán José Luis Caballero
    [Show full text]
  • Cartel Bombings in Mexico Robert J
    Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CGU Faculty Publications and Research CGU Faculty Scholarship 8-16-2013 Cartel Bombings in Mexico Robert J. Bunker Claremont Graduate University John P. Sullivan Recommended Citation Bunker, Robert J., and John P. Sullivan. "Cartel Car Bombings in Mexico." The Letort Papers (2013): Strategic Studies Institute. Strategic Studies Institute, 16 Aug. 2013. Web. 18 Aug. 2013. This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the CGU Faculty Scholarship at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in CGU Faculty Publications and Research by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here. The Letort Papers In the early 18th century, James Letort, an explorer and fur trader, was instrumental in opening up the Cumberland Valley to settlement. By 1752, there was a garrison on Letort Creek at what is today Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania. In those days, Carlisle Barracks lay at the western edge of the American colonies. It was a bastion for the protection of settlers and a departure point for further exploration. Today, as was the case over 2 centuries ago, Carlisle Barracks, as the home of the U.S. Army War College, is a place of transition and transformation. In the same spirit of bold curiosity that compelled the men and women who, like Letort, settled the American west, the Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) and U.S. Army War College (USAWC) Press presents The Letort Papers.
    [Show full text]
  • Adaptation Strategies of Islamist Movements April 2017 Contents
    POMEPS STUDIES 26 islam in a changing middle east Adaptation Strategies of Islamist Movements April 2017 Contents Understanding repression-adaptation nexus in Islamist movements . 4 Khalil al-Anani, Doha Institute for Graduate Studies, Qatar Why Exclusion and Repression of Moderate Islamists Will Be Counterproductive . 8 Jillian Schwedler, Hunter College, CUNY Islamists After the “Arab Spring”: What’s the Right Research Question and Comparison Group, and Why Does It Matter? . 12 Elizabeth R. Nugent, Princeton University The Islamist voter base during the Arab Spring: More ideology than protest? . .. 16 Eva Wegner, University College Dublin When Islamist Parties (and Women) Govern: Strategy, Authenticity and Women’s Representation . 21 Lindsay J. Benstead, Portland State University Exit, Voice, and Loyalty Under the Islamic State . 26 Mara Revkin, Yale University and Ariel I. Ahram, Virginia Tech The Muslim Brotherhood Between Party and Movement . 31 Steven Brooke, The University of Louisville A Government of the Opposition: How Moroccan Islamists’ Dual Role Contributes to their Electoral Success . 34 Quinn Mecham, Brigham Young University The Cost of Inclusion: Ennahda and Tunisia’s Political Transition . 39 Monica Marks, University of Oxford Regime Islam, State Islam, and Political Islam: The Past and Future Contest . 43 Nathan J. Brown, George Washington University Middle East regimes are using ‘moderate’ Islam to stay in power . 47 Annelle Sheline, George Washington University Reckoning with a Fractured Islamist Landscape in Yemen . 49 Stacey Philbrick Yadav, Hobart and William Smith Colleges The Lumpers and the Splitters: Two very different policy approaches on dealing with Islamism . 54 Marc Lynch, George Washington University The Project on Middle East Political Science The Project on Middle East Political Science (POMEPS) is a collaborative network that aims to increase the impact of political scientists specializing in the study of the Middle East in the public sphere and in the academic community .
    [Show full text]
  • SALAFI- JIHADISM in AFRICA BRIEF / 12 June 2021
    SALAFI- JIHADISM IN AFRICA BRIEF / 12 June 2021 A winning strategy by SERIES Giovanni Faleg* Senior Analyst, EUISS Katariina Mustasilta Postdoctoral Fellow, Finnish Institute of International Affairs Summary › Violent extremism has become a grow- ing threat throughout the African conti- INTRODUCTION nent: all sub-regions have experienced the emergence of groups active across state Violent extremism keeps spreading in Africa, showing boundaries. notable resilience despite years of counter-extremism › Today, armed actors engaging in violent and prevention efforts by governments and interna- extremism in the continent are mainly af- tional actors (1)*. In addition to killing thousands, it filiated with Islamist militant groups and costs the affected regions an estimated $97 billion in particularly Salafi-jihadist ideology. lost informal economic activity each year (2). › The spread of Salafi-jihadism in Africa is Today, armed actors engaging in violent extremism fuelled by a combination of localised griev- in the continent are mainly affiliated with Islamist ances and transnational ambitions, while militant groups and organisations and particularly tactical and strategic flexibility has in- Salafi-jihadist ideology (3). Recent data indicates a creased the resilience of insurgent groups. dangerous expansion of Salafi-jihadist armed groups › Once it has emerged as a potent force, de- — often simply labelled as violent extremist or ter- feating Salafi-jihadism on the battlefield rorist organisations (4) — beyond the traditional hot- proves very difficult as groups show enor- spots in the Sahel, Lake Chad Basin and the Horn of mous resilience, even when facing tacti- Africa to West Africa’s coastal states and Central and cal defeats. Southern Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 a Origem Do Crime Organizado No Brasil
    2 A origem do crime organizado no Brasil O início das organizações criminosas no Brasil ainda não foi devidamente estudado de maneira sistêmica. Assim, os autores que abordam o tema acabam divergindo em alguns pontos. Para o promotor de justiça do Ministério Público de São Paulo Eduardo Araújo Silva (2003, p. 25-26) a origem das organizações criminosas brasileiras encontra-se no fenômeno do cangaço. O autor ainda cita o jogo do bicho como a primeira infração penal organizada no Brasil. Para ele o movimento conhecido como cangaço, cuja atuação ocorreu no sertão nordestino, no final do século XIX, é o antecedente da criminalidade organizada brasileira. O movimento que acabou conhecido pela figura de seu líder Virgulino Ferreira da Silva, o Lampião era dotado de organização hierárquica, divisão de funções e, com o transcorrer do tempo, passou a atuar em frentes como os saques a vilarejos, fazendas e municípios de pequeno porte; práticas de extorsão de dinheiro através de ameaças de ataques; e, sequestros de pessoas importantes e influentes. Os jagunços, capangas e cangaceiros agiam com apoio de fazendeiros e parte da classe política, bem como com o apoio material de policiais corruptos que acabavam lhes fornecendo armamento e munição. No que diz respeito ao jogo do bicho, o autor (2003) afirma que se trata da primeira infração penal organizada no Brasil. Esta contravenção penal que se iniciou em nosso país no século XX consiste no sorteio de prêmios em dinheiro a apostadores mediante prévio recolhimento de apostas. A sua origem é imputada ao Barão de Drumond que, com esse jogo, teve como finalidade salvar os animais do Jardim Zoológico do Estado do Rio de Janeiro 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Sinaloa: fin De La Hegemonía Y Epicentro De La Guerra Que Comienza Carlos Rodríguez Ulloa1
    Sinaloa: fin de la hegemonía y epicentro de la guerra que comienza Carlos Rodríguez Ulloa1 — ¿Existe algún código dentro del cártel de Sinaloa, reglas sobre lo que se puede hacer y lo que no? —No se mata a inocentes. El negocio sólo es tráfco. No existen extorsiones, ni secuestros. En la empresa nuestro dicho es “Hay que ayudar al inocente y mancharnos con el corriente. Nosotros sí nos sabemos respetar”. 169 Dámaso Lez Serrano (a) “El Mini Lic”.2 Introduccin El estado de Sinaloa fue una de las áreas estratégicas en el tráfco de drogas en México durante el siglo y por ello zona importante para la operación de la delincuencia organizada; en es- pecífco, es la sede del mal llamado “cártel de Sinaloa” o “del Pacífco”, uno de los grupos dominantes de la delincuencia organizada, además de tener presencia del grupo de los hermanos Beltrán Leyva. Por ello, los acontecimientos en esta región tienen importantes repercusiones en los mercados ilegales de narcóticos y en los niveles de violencia que les están asociados. Sinaloa es una entidad clave para los mercados controlados por la delincuencia organizada debido a razones geográfcas, ya que la sierra madre occidental cruza el estado de norte a sur y es parte importante del Triángulo Dorado, región montañosa que comprende los estados de Sinaloa, Durango y Chihuahua. Se trata de una de las áreas del país con mayor producción de marihuana y amapola; cuenta con los puertos estratégicos de Mazatlán y Topolobampo -que representan el acceso al comercio en el Océano Pacífco- y con las ciudades de Culiacán y Los Mochis, enclave terrestre en la ruta de paso de mercancías hacia el norte.
    [Show full text]
  • I'm Glad the Jihadi 'Beatles' Will Face Trial
    Date 03 October 2020 Page 22 I’m glad the jihadi ‘Beatles’ will face trial Diane Foley, mother of murdered journalist, James, Charlotte Lytton tells that justice can wait no longer he image is seared who have agreed to waive the death with them, if given the chance. “I into public memory: penalty. “We must dare to bring them certainly would be open to talking to a man in an orange to trial,” says Diane Foley, James’s them. I don’t know if they’d have any T-shirt kneeling in the mother. Her hope is not just “to get interest though.” T desert, head shaved, a to the truth of the matter” but that, A new BBC documentary series, In knife to his neck. The if proven guilty, Kotey and Elsheikh the Face of Terror, follows the attempts beheading of James Foley, the first “recognise what they’ve done, and of the Foleys and other families of Islamic State hostage to meet this make amends for what they’ve hostages to ensure the atrocities grim end in August 2014, marked the inflicted on so many innocent people… inflicted on their loved ones aren’t group’s introduction to the Western there must be some accountability. allowed to happen again. world – a summer of bloodshed that Justice needs to be served.” “I often felt no one had Jim’s name would trigger a series of attacks Londoners Kotey, 36, and on their desk as a priority,” John, carried out in their name in cities Elsheikh, 32 – nicknamed Ringo and his father, says in the first of three from London to Paris.
    [Show full text]
  • Inside Out: the Challenge of Prison-Based Criminal Organizations
    Local Orders Paper Series BROOKINGS PAPER 3 | September 2016 Inside Out: The Challenge of Prison-Based Criminal Organizations BENJAMIN LESSING ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This paper is part of the Brookings seminar, “Reconstituting Local Orders.” The seminar is directed by Brookings Senior Fellows Vanda Felbab-Brown, Shadi Hamid, and Harold Trinkunas, who are grateful to the Foreign Policy Director’s Special Initiative Fund for its support. Brookings recognizes that the value it provides to any support- er is in its absolute commitment to quality, independence, and im- pact. Activities supported by its donors reflect this commitment, and the analysis and recommendations of the Institution’s scholars are not determined by any donation. Local Orders Paper Series ABOUT THE RECONSTITUTING LOCAL ORDERS PROJECT Led by Brookings Senior Fellows Vanda Felbab-Brown, Shadi Hamid, and Harold Trinkunas, the Brookings Seminar on Reconstituting Local Orders seeks to better understand how do- mestic political order breaks down and is reconstituted. It draws out policy implications and recommends more effective action for local governments and the international community. It examines these issues by bringing together top-level experts and policymakers. The present disorder in the international system is significantly augmented by the break- down of domestic order across a number of key states. Around the globe, the politics of iden- tity, ideology and religion are producing highly polarized societies and deepening conflicts among non-state actors and between non-state actors and the state. In the Middle East, the Arab Spring disrupted long calcified political systems in ways that are still producing unpre- dictable effects on the regional order.
    [Show full text]