"People want peace so much that one day governments had better get out of their

way and let them have it" -DWIGHT D EISENHOWER, 1959 BLOCKADE THE BOMBMAKERS

CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE CAMPAIGN HANDBOOK $1.00 Introduction

The first step in writing this handbook was going back to the thick file of old handbooks and reading through the recent history of nonviolent civil disobedience actions. The handbooks dramatically show the changing consciousness within the nonviolent movement. The growing awareness of the connections between nonviolence and feminism has greatly expanded the understanding and practice of nonviolent action. Addressing issues of racism and other forms of oppression has also deepened the dialogue within the movement. Some of the sections in this handbook are adapted from the old handbooks. Where gaps existed we've tried to fill them in. There will probably be others remaining for the next handbook collective. As we write this handbook, we are acutely aware of the many situations in the world, which we don't address directly here, that threaten and take lives every day. These situations serve to affirm our deep commitment to our demands of unilateral disarmament, nonintervention and redirecting resources to human needs as well as to underline the need to take action by organizing for and participating in the June 14 Blockade. It is clear that the United States is waging war right now in Central America. The situations in El Salvador, Guatemala and the threat to Nicaragua only reinforce the importance of our taking action now. The foreign policy of the U.S. continues to profit the very rich and powerful while stripping everyone else of self-determination, resources and money. This is also true of the situation in the U.S. Fundamental rights of people to control their own lives such as reproductive freedom, lesbian and gay rights and voting rights, are being threatened and taken away. The budget cuts at home have drastically hurt virtually every aspect of life, especially for women, people of color and working people. Programs like social security, food stamps. nutrition, education, jobs and job training are cut or eliminated to feed the Pentagon and the spiralling arms race. The erosion of basic human rights and the potential for nuclear destruction are not just problems in the United States but unfortunately are realities in many countries including the Soviet Union, France, Britain, and China. There is now a ray of hope in the emergence of an unprecedented worldwide popular outcry against the arms race. We join with those around the world who stand for peace and justice and an end to all oppression.

BULK PRICES $1.00 each CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE CAMPAIGN 2-25, 50t each (plus 20% postage) 339 Lafayette Street, New York, NY 10012 26 or more, 25¢ each (plus 15% postage) (212) 777-4737 Special thanks to WIN Magazine for use of its facilities for the production of this handbook. SPONSORS Coordinated by the War Resisters League in coopera- This handbook was produced with initial loans and tion with Catholic Peace Fellowship, Clergy and Laity contributions from: Brandywine Peace Community. Concerned, Columbia Pax Christi, Fellowship of Catholic Peace Fellowship, Central Philadelphia Reconciliation, Friends Peace Committee, Kairos Monthly Meeting, Friends Peace Committee, Green- Community, Long Island SHAD Alliance, Mobiliza- street Monthly Meeting, Long Island SHAD Alliance. tion for Survival, New Jersey SEA Alliance, NYC New England War Tax Resistance, Philadelphia Mobilization for Survival, NYC SHAD Alliance, WTR/WRL, Thomas Merton Center and the War Peacesmith House, Westchester Peoples' Action Resisters League. Coalition, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom and endorsed by Boston Mobilization People who worked on this handbook: for Survival, Diablo Canyon Task Force (Alliance for Peg and Belle Averill, Steve Banks, Margaret Berga- Survival), Jonah House, Knolls Action Project, mini, Riley Bostrum, Julia Cochrane, Kate Donnelly, LEPOCO, Students Against Militarism (Columbia), Ed Hedemann, Holly Hodge, Thaddeus Jurczynski, Syracuse Peace Council, Thomas Merton Center, Sharon Kleinbaum, Lauri Lowell, John Miller, Esther Washington Peace Center. (In formation, list as of Pank, Susan Pines, Murray Rosenblith and John March 21, 1982.) Seward. Cover design and drawing by Peg Averill

2 June 14 CD Campaign Handbook ontents

Introduction Civil Disobedience and SSD II 4 Nuclear Diplomacy as Usual Feminism...... 10 Racism 12 Nonviolence 14 Scenario/Guidelines ...... ... 17 Maps of Missions 19 Map of Midtown Area 20 Legal 22 Noncooperation 28 Representing Yourself 30 Doing Time 31 Affinity Groups and Support 33 Consensus Decision Making 35 Overcoming Male Oppression 37 Photo Captions and Credits 38 Affinity Group Sign Up Sheet 39 Calendar Back Cover

June 14 CD Campaign Handbook 3 Civil Disobedience and SSD II

The Second United Nations Special Session on Dis- armament. However, it will provide a forum for national armament (SSD II) is expected to be the largest and most representatives to give their views on the world situation inclusive world meeting on disarmament in history. As a and the need for disarmament. result, peace groups and human needs organizations The first Special Session on Disarmament (SSD I), around the world have planned numerous activities held in June of 1978, was initiated by the Non-Aligned during the time of SSD H, June 7 to July 9, 1982. Caucus (composed of most of the African and Asian The organizing of disarmament activities in New York nations of the world). SSD I gave worldwide prominence City was initiated by the Mobilization for Survival in the to disarmament and developed the "best detailed state- spring of 1981. A full-fledged Campaign came together ment on disarmament ever endorsed by the world October 31. Separate task forces were set up to organize community" (Homer Jack). Unfortunately, very little of the religious events, a massive rally, international activities 129-paragraph Final Document has been implemented. and the civil disobedience. Only the convention against inhumane weapons has In February these task forces split into independent been signed. Nevertheless, "Disarmament Week, (last organizing efforts. The Civil Disobedience Task Force week in October) which was advocated by SSD I, is being became the Civil Disobedience Campaign and has widely observed. formed the following task forces of its own: literature, During SSD II, delegations will come from most of the training, handbook, finances, fundraising, outreach, 156 member states of the UN. Many of these delegations legal and personnel. Additional task forces include will be led by foreign ministers, and a few by heads of media and support. state. Several hundred journalists are expected to To clarify where it stands on disarmament, the Civil attend. Disobedience Campaign has developed the following Most of the SSD II will be devoted to debate. Decisions demands: will be made by consensus, but votes will be taken if necessary. After the first two weeks of general debate, Recognizing that the people of the world can no longer there will be a review of the SSD I decisions, followed by afford the luxury of endlessly discussing how or when to discussion and possible adoption of the Comprehensive stop the arms race, we declare that disarmament must Program of Disarmament, then consideration of initia- now go beyond talk to action; therefore, we demand that tives from member states, an exploration of how to every country: improve the effectiveness of disarmament machinery, • disarm unilaterally, starting with nuclear weapons and how best to mobilize world public opinion. The last • stop proliferation of nuclear weapons by dismantling days of SSDII will be spent on adoption of the final nuclear reactors documents. The "success or failure" of the Session will depend • redirect resources from the military to meet human critically on the world political climate. An agreement on needs some disarmament measure (e.g., the Comprehensive • not intervene militarily in the affairs of other countries Test Ban Treaty) before SSD II begins, or the announce- ment by a nation of a giant step toward disarmament, • announce at the Special Session on Disarmament would create a good climate for the Session. —a significant step to be taken immediately towards For the SSD II itself to be successful, there must be disarmament more than a reordering of the proposals from SSD I. The —a plan to dismantle nuclear weapons and dispose of number of new, creative proposals, the adoption of the nuclear wastes, Comprehensive Program of Disarmament with stages and timelines, the establishment of a "voluntary fund," INSIDE SSD II or the calling for a third SSD or a World Disarmament Conference, would each be considered positive steps by Educational and protest activities are being organized the UN community. If a "voluntary fund" is authorized, during the Special Session on Disarmament, not because there may be pledges at SSD II totalling anywhere from anyone expects disarmament can be achieved then and several hundred thousand to fifteen million dollars. there, but because SSD II will provide an excellent opportunity to influence public opinion and pressure governments. What follows is a brief description of the WHY CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE? Special Session itself, excerpted from an article by Civil disobedience events traditionally involve smaller Homer Jack in Disarmament Times (777 UN Plaza, New numbers of people than rallies and marches organized at York, NY 10017). the same time. This is because most people who can The SSD II, scheduled from June 7 to July 9 at the UN attend a Saturday rally simply are either unable to take General Assembly in New York City, cannot achieve dis- time off from their jobs or school for a Monday civil dis-

4 June 14 CD Campaign Handbook obedience. are concerned that an arrest may jeopardize support for those within the UN who truly favor dis- their job, or have a fear of arrest and imprisonment. armament and need our help. We go to the Missions not Such personal considerations, understandably, must be only because we cannot reach the corporate or military solved by the individual contemplating civil dis- facilities of all five countries, but also because the focus obedience. of the world during June will be on the UN. However, there are many who sympathize or agree We doubt the sincerity of any country which talks with the demands above, but do not understand why peace while continuing to arm for nuclear war. We reject laws need to be broken. Why not go to military facilities the notion that possession of nuclear weapons by one or the headquarters of the corporate bombmakers? Why country justifies possession by another. isn't the rally on June 12 sufficient to make our views United States Mission. The US unilaterally initiated the known? The Special Session and the United Nations are nuclear arms race by unleashing nuclear weapons on devoted to peace, so why disrupt their efforts? Isn't there Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It is the only country to have a danger of having the action get distorted by the media used nuclear weapons against human beings (killing or governments? The rest of this section is designed to 300,000). The US owns more nuclear weapons than the deal with these and other questions, and explain why rest of the world combined. Almost all major improve- many of us feel civil disobedience is essential at this ments in the strategic arms race have been initiated by time. the US. And it seeks to achieve "counterforce"—or first Any movement which seeks to stop the arms race and strike—nuclear capability. The US exports most of the achieve disarmament must be prepared to incorporate a world's nuclear technology and accounts for about half variety of tactics. Civil disobedience is one such tactic. of all international weapons sales. The Reagan Ad- But more important, civil disobedience will dramatize ministration has accelerated total military spending and our firm commitment to disarmament. A movement the production of nuclear weapons at the expense of serious about making fundamental change must be social programs. Not only does the US have a clear willing to take risks. But the minor risks involved in our record of entering past disarmament negotiations in bad arrest and possible imprisonment are far less than the faith, but Reagan plans to be at a NATO conference in risks involved in allowing the arms race to continue. To June in blatant disregard of SSD II. paraphrase Daniel Ellsberg, "Wouldn't you go to jail if it would help end war?" Soviet Mission. The USSR and US stand alone as the There have been thousands of international disarma- military superpowers of the world. The Soviet Union has ment meetings. We have made countless appeals, sent achieved virtual parity with the US in nuclear weapons petitions, gone to rallies, walked on marches, spoken at capability, military spending, and overall military meetings, participated in pickets and boycotts, written strength. It was the first country to develop the inter- letters to newspaper editors—for decades. Yet, not one continental ballistic missile (ICBM) and the anti- ballistic missile (ABM). The USSR is second only to the single bomb has been dismantled (without several more US in arms trade. Swedish disarmament expert and "improved" ones to take its place). At best we get stateswoman Alva Myrdal has observed that "serious reassuring words from those who control these weapons negotiations had never been attempted" by either of mass destruction—about how these ungodly bombs superpower. actually protect us by preventing war. More commonly, our pleas have been ignored. Chinese Mission. Though a very distant third to the US We must go beyond appeals to reason. The time has and USSR in number of strategic nuclear weapons come to raise the stakes of our struggle against the arms (perhaps 200), China does have the ability to destroy the race, and to accelerate pressure on those who continue to Soviet Union. China has refused to sign the nuclear justify the existence of any nuclear weapons. We will no Non-Proliferation Treaty and continues to test in the longer passively accept any more excuses, justifications, atmosphere. distortion, or lies. We seek to disrupt "diplomacy as usual" through mass nonviolent direct action. In this French Mission. Though France has fewer strategic way the governments cannot ignore our presence and nuclear weapons than China, it conducts more frequent our demands. atmospheric tests and is developing new weapons, such as the neutron bomb. France also has a vigorous THE NUCLEAR MISSIONS domestic nuclear power program and exports reactors while refusing to sign the Non-Proliferation Treaty. We go to the Missions of the United States, Soviet Union, China, Britain, and France because they are the British Mission. While Britain does not possess the nuclear weapons states. They are also the five nuclear or military threat of the two Superpowers, it has permanent members of the United Nations Security had a significant nuclear capability ever since the Council. We go to their Missions because those Missions 1950's, when it became the third country to build nuclear represent their respective governments at the United weapons. Britain's interest in acquiring a Trident sub- Nations as they continue to justify the need for their marine in addition to other military hardware, makes it nuclear weapons. We demonstrate during the Special clear it is not satisfied with the status quo. The remark- Session on Disarmament not to undermine the SSD or ably strong disarmament movement in Great Britain the UN, but to call attention to the duplicity of the five would be given a boost by civil disobedience at its UN nuclear Missions, and to create a militant atmosphere of Mission.

June 14 CD Campaign Handbook 5 uclear Diplomacy as Usual by Charlie Scheiner N

The Second Special Session on Disarmament and nor anyone else will ever get another chance." actions in connection with it primarily address the The avoidance of nuclear holocaust is an overriding avoidance of war, especially nuclear war. The people of concern. This tact is given lip-service by everyone who planet earth-95% of whom have no input into decisions addresses the issue—even President Reagan claims that to build nuclear weapons—are being held hostage by a the overkilling U.S. arsenal is for prevention of nuclear handful of politicians and generals. The threat of nuclear war. The megatonnage of each superpower deters the annihilation hangs over all humanity, including not only other from striking first by assuring devastation of the citizens of the five nuclear powers but also the society in retaliation. This M.A. D. (Mutual Assured billions of people whose governments have not chosen to Destruction ) has existed since about 1965, but it is being enter the nuclear arms race. rapidly eroded by two recent developments which sub- That threat of nuclear holocaust is not the only nuclear stantially increase the likelihood of all-out war: war humankind must deal with. In actuality, there are increased accuracy of missiles and decreased warhead three nuclear wars. They have two common features: the arrival times. use of nuclear weapons and the unprecedented fact that The United States' M-X and Trident missiles are de- only one side does the fighting. signed to be extremely accurate, hitting targets 6,000 I The first nuclear war was fought by United States miles away within a few hundred yards. Such accuracy is military forces against unarmed Japanese civilians in pointless for deterrence—a nuclear warhead within a 1945. In the monument at ground zero in Hiroshima, few miles of the Kremlin will kill millions of Musco- it says: "Rest in Peace, We Will not Repeat the Sin." vites—but is useful for destroying land-based missiles in their silos.. Since a retaliatory strike would land on empty H The second nuclear war is fought daily by the de- silos. this new generation of long-range missiles veloped countries against the third world, by the threatens the Soviet Union with an American first strike. military against those in need of social programs, by The placement of NATO Pershing II and cruise a few powerful political leaders and the over- missiles in Europe, now scheduled for December 1983, whelming majority of the earth's people. Like shortens the nuclear fuse in a different way. Currently, Nuclear War I, Nuclear War II is almost entirely missile travel times (about a half hour) give time for fought by white people against people of color, by military planners to wait for some warheads to explode men against women. iii The third nuclear war is the one we usually think of— fought in the future by governments of the nuclear nations against the rest of us. While this is usually presented as being between the two superpowers (and each uses the other as an excuse for building toward war), it actually will pit the Soviet and the U.S. governments on one side (in their underground bunkers), and everyone else—Americans, Russians, Africans, Asians, Europeans. Latins—on the other. In each of these wars, the side that does the fighting would win—whatever that means.

COMING SOON—NUCLEAR WAR III The devastation that would be caused by the 50,000 hydrogen bombs controlled by the Pentagon and the Kremlin is undescribable. Hiroshima and Nagasaki are a feeble warning, but the nuclear arsenals of the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. are now a million times more powerful than the Hiroshima bomb. In a recent New Yorker magazine article (February 1, 8, 15, 1982), Jonathan Schell shows that the total extinction of the human species could occur if existing nuclear weapons were used, and that both war and extinction are near-certainties if the arms race is allowed to continue. "Once we learn that a holocaust might lead to extinction we have no right to gamble, because if we lose, the game will be over, and neither we

6 June 14 CD Campaign Handbook in order to be certain of an attack before ordering retalia- tion. The Eurostrategic missiles will be able to strike targets in the Soviet Union less than five minutes after the Russians could detect their launch. Such rapid delivery is unnecessary for a deterrent strike (it would hardly be a surprise). It forces the other side into a "launch on %yarning — situation, where a retaliatory attack could be made based on data from satellites and computers. The United States, too, is considering a launch on warning policy. When viewed in light of the false alarms and computer malfunctions that have per- meated strategic nuclear technology since its inception, this impending tactic is truly frightening. Nuclear weapons have been used as an instrument of American policy for a number of years. In his introduc- tion to Protest and Survive, Daniel Ellsberg documented more than a dozen instances in which an American President threatened nuclear war if he did not get his way. Recently, this position has become above-board- the announcement of Presidential Directive 59 (August 1980) and the decision to produce neutron bombs are bald-faced declarations that the United States is ready and willing to begin the armageddon of Nuclear War III.

RIGHT NOW—NUCLEAR WAR II Nuclear War II began in the late 1940's, and escalated to the scale of a World War about 15 years ago. It has claimed millions of lives—victims of economic and en- vironmental devastation caused by the production of nuclear weapons and the vast resources the military machine sucks from the world economy. This mammoth vacuum cleaner consumes a million dollars a minute worldwide; the $550 billion to be spent on weaponry in 1982 will equal the total income of the two billion people Abroad living in the poorest countries. In the four years between The continuing Nuclear War II is not primarily a civil the First and Second Special Sessions on Disarmament. war. Although there are millions of wounded inside each World military expenditures have exceeded $1.6 trillion nuclear nation from internal spending priorities, the dollars—with no improvement in anyone's national overwhelming majority of the victims are in the under- security. developed world. In 1980, foreign economic aid by the developed countries equalled only 6% of their military At home expenditures. Recipients spent almost half their In our country, Reaganomics has sharpened the economic aid to purchase weaponry from their human devastation which remains when money and re- benefactors. sources arc taken from social programs and squandered In 1978, the United States spent $500 per person on on the military. We begin to understand the secondary military programs and $26 on foreign economic aid; the effects—inflation and unemployment—that come from Soviet Union spent $390 and $4; Sweden spent $300 and this overwhelming drain on the American economy. $95. Compare these figures with the gross national Military expenditures create half as many jobs per dollar product per person (total goods and services produced) as civilian projects (much of the money goes overseas or in some less developed countries: Bangladesh $86, Haiti buys expensive hardware made of exotic materials), and $183, Ethiopia $115. Ruth Leger Sivard, author of cause inflation because it is not recirculated through the "World Military and Social Expenditures" (the source economy (you can't eat or live in a nuclear missile). of these statistics), puts it this way: "Poverty on the In New York State alone. 288,200 jobs were lost in present scale constitutes a threat to all societies. When 1978 due to military spending, according to Marian there is nothing else, violence seems to be a way out. The Anderson's "Empty Pork Barrel." The crippling of wel- militarization which has contributed to it then gains a fare, education, food stamps. social security, and other justification for repression and further growth." human needs programs in 1982 clarifies the choices the While the richest fifth of the world's governments American government makes with our money. Half of spends $327 per person on health, the poorest fifth the federal funds budget, our income taxes, pays for spends $2. The average life expectancy of the rich fifth is past. present, and future wars. 72 years, the poor fifth 50. There are 450,000,000 people

June 14 CD Campaign Handbook 7 suffering from hunger or malnutrition. 12,000,000 babies die before their first birthday every year—a higher death rate (per year) than all military and civilian victims of the Second War War. Governments of underdeveloped countries waste their scarce resources on military boondoggles. The military controls the governments of 54 developing countries, 41 of whom have records of abusing human rights. But they don't do it alone: of the over 125 military conflicts since 1945, 95% have been in developing countries. Foreign forces have been involved in most cases-79% western, 6% communist, and 15% other developing countries. While some of these wars started within the embattled country, the superpowers have been quick to adopt them, converting most civil conflicts into political proxies. The U.S. and the Soviet Union supply the guns, the "advisors," and the military training—the local country provides the corpses. In cases where the government was not to the liking of a major power, or where a power-supported government was on the brink of collapse, major powers don't hesitate to intervene, further maintaining their dominance over the less-developed world.

Nuclear Power and Proliferation used to make the plutonium to trigger hydrogen bombs, The ongoing nuclear war has other fronts. The pro- pose a hazard to the neighbors. The reprocessing of that duction of nuclear weapons wreaks havoc on workers, plutonium is an additional danger to workers, the bystanders. and the environment. Every step, from environment, and the general public. mining and milling to the disposal of radioactive by- The "civilian — nuclear power industry is a stepchild of products, produces highly toxic materials which no one and rationalization for nuclear weapons development and knows how to get rid of. Uranium miners, both Navajo production. While nuclear weapons exist to make money Indians and Australian aborigines, have twice the lung for corporations and to annihilate humankind, nuclear cancer rate of their families. Military nuclear reactors, power exists to make money for corporations and to generate electricity. Its hazards are an unwanted (if often ignored) side effect. The fuel cycle is the same—but the spent fuel from power reactors is undis- posable waste, while the spent fuel from weapons reactors becomes missile warheads—to be converted to waste during Nuclear War ill. A nuclear power reactor produces enough plutonium each year to make a dozen atomic bombs. There is no workable method for dealing with this plutonium; in the United States, it is stored at reactor sites mixed with other highly radioactive materials. Recent proposals from the Department of Energy (which is responsible for both power reactors and nuclear weapons production) would extract plutonium from civilian spent fuel and use it to support the escalating production of nuclear bombs (the U.S. makes about five per day)—completing the circle begun at Hanford and Nagasaki. Nuclear power and research reactors provide a con- venient route to bomb-building for so-called "non- nuclear — countries (or other interested groups). The world-wide traffic in reactors already includes 55 nations, 12 of whom have not signed the Non-Prolifera- tion Treaty. Three countries (India, Israel, and South Africa), in addition to the five acknowledged nuclear powers (U.S., U.S.S.R., England, France, China). either have or can produce bombs very quickly. At least two dozen others could build nuclear weapons within two years.

8 June 14, CD Campaign Handbook Reactors have another function, too—they're great targets for conventional or nuclear bombs. An explosion at a power reactor would spread highly radioactive material over a larger area, rendering the land unin- habitable for millenia. While the immediate devastation would mostly be from the explosion, long-term con- tamination is a neutron bomb in reverse, preventing use of the land long after the fighting ends (if anyone's around to worry about it).

CONCLUSIONS While this discussion has focussed on the three Nuclear Wars, many problems also arise from "conven- tional" weapons. New developments in nerve gas, bio- logical warfare, and similar perversions of technology have the potential of rivalling nuclear holocaust in their destructive power. The bulk of the money spent world- wide on military madness is used for soldiers and con- ventional weapons—a single aircraft carrier costs $5 billion! This was clearly pointed out by the first SSD- which adopted a resolution viewing nuclear disarma- NUCLEAR RACE... ment as only a step toward "general and complete dis- armament under total international control." Most of the participants in the actions at the Special Session will be U.S. citizens because the SSD is in New York. But the American people, and our government, R. have been among the least responsive in the world. Perhaps it is because we have not had a fighting war in our country for 115 years (we use Vietnamese or El Salvadoran As our front line)—we have never learned

what war really is. Perhaps it is because our economy R. continues to be supported by resources and human- Erica Weihs power from developing countries—and we live off that affluence, escaping the severest consequences of U.S. edition, Edited by E.P. Thompson and Dan Smith. Nuclear War II. Monthly Review Press, 1981. ($4.95) This book, As U.S. residents, we must join Japanese, Europeans, originally published in England, was the catalyst for the Africans, and others in confronting the role of the United resurging disarmament movement in Europe. States. Our government has led the way in every step of the arms race. Our technology and our affluence have Sivard, Ruth Leger. World Military and Social Expendi- paved the road toward nuclear holocaust. Our passivity tures, 1981. World Priorities, Inc. , Box 1003, Leesburg, and our consent, and our taxes make the ongoing Virginia 22075. ($4) This annual report contains an un- Nuclear Wars possible. surpassed summary and detailed statistics comparing REFERENCES 141 countries by their economic, military, and social indicators. It includes excellent discussions of world Many descriptions of the effects of the Hiroshima and priorities, the nuclear power-weapons connection, the Nagasaki bombings have been written, including gap between rich and poor nations, and the escalating Unforgettable Fire, which contains drawings by wit- arms race. nesses. The Off-Off-Broadway play "Hibakusha" currently being performed by the Modern Times Anderson, Marion. The Empty Pork Barrel—Unemploy- Theatre (336 W. 20 St., NYC) is also recommended. ment and the Pentagon Budget, .1982 edition. Employ- ment Research Associates, 400 S. Washington Ave., Schell, Jonathan. "Reflections: The Fate of the Earth" Lansing, MI 48933. ($2) This is a state-by-state break- in the New Yorker, February 1, 8, and 15, 1982. These down of jobs gained and lost in each sector of the articles, although long, are an extremely well-written economy due to military spending. and comprehensive overview of nuclear war and human extinction. Schell concludes that the elimination of The Final Epidemic—Physicians and Scientists on national sovereignty is the only way to avoid nuclear Nuclear War, 1981. Kennan quoted in preface. Introduc- holocaust, since even successful disarmament could not tion by Caldicott. Educational Foundation for Nuclear eliminate the knowledge of how to build nuclear Science, Inc., Chicago. ($4.95) Articles by 19 of the weapons. people who have participated in the visible and effective national conferences held by Physicians for Social Ellsberg, Daniel. Introduction to Protest and Survive, Responsibility.

June 14 CD Campaign Handbook 9 r eminism by Ynestra King

Many women see their oppression as political, not we use these nurturant powers daily as we go about our individual. Over the past 10 years women have begun to ordinary work. No one pays us to do this. If children are rediscover our history, and to name and work to end born deformed or go hungry, if all the people in homes violence against women in all its forms, demand equal built on a dumping site or near a nuclear weapons site rights, the rights of every women to decide when and if have terrible sicknesses, we are the ones who care for to bear children, and to express her sexuality freely. them, take them to the doctor, console survivors, and We are a beginning for this decade but we continue the soothe the terrified. Our feminism grows out of hope and work of the many brave and visionary women who have fear—out of a fear for life and the awesome powers of gone before us. There was Ellen Swallow, the founder of destruction arrayed against it and out of a hope—a hope ecological science. There was Rachel Carson, who wrote for women's power to resist and create. Silent Spring 20 years ago sounding a warning about In all our workings we believe in the philosophy of chemicals and pesticides which were need heeded until nonviolence—that no person should be made into an many years later. There were the women of Women's "other– to despise, dehumanize, and exploit. Sexism, Strike for Peace and the Ban the Bomb movements of the racism, class divisions, homophobia and the rape of Fifties, mailing their baby's teeth to Congressmen as a nature depend on this process of objectification. We see reminder of future generations. And there are the brave the devastation of the earth and her beings by the women scientists who have spoken more recently and corporate warriors and the threat of nuclear annihilation the women who have been at the forefront of the anti- by the military warriors as feminist concerns. It is the nuclear struggles, the peace movements, struggles same masculinist mentality which would deny us our against toxic wastes and for occupational health and right to our own bodies and our own sexuality, and which safety. There are those who have helped us to imagine depends on multiple systems of dominance and state the world as it could be—artists, poets, writers, and power to have its way. dreamers who have given us new visions of culture, Men's fear of women's sexuality has created institu- health, technology, community and politics. We are shaking the world. We oppose war and we recognize its terrible face when we see it, undeclared but all around us. For us war is the violence against women in all its forms—rape, battering, economic exploitation and intimidation—and it is the racist violence against indigenous peoples here in the United States and around the world, and it is violence against the earth. The story of Love Canal, where a school and homes were built on a hazardous waste site, is a harbinger of things to come. Three to six nuclear bombs are produced each day. The Pentagon nuclear arsenal now numbers over 30,000 warheads and is growing. There are thousands of toxic waste dumps around the country that won't be discovered until observant women notice a common birth defect or sickness in their neighborhood. The coastlines are deteriorating, and the Amazon forest, the source of much of the earth's oxygen, is being rapidly defoliated. Each day a whole species of life becomes extinct, never to be seen again on this earth. We believe that a culture against nature is a culture against women. In pursuing projects of violence men deny and dominate both women and nature. It is time to reconstitute our culture in the name of nature, peace and freedom, and it is women who can show the way. We must be the voice of the invisible, of nature who cannot speak for herself in the political arenas of our society, of the children yet to be born and of the women who are forcibly silenced in our mental institutions and prisons. We have been the keepers of the home, the children and the community. We learn early to observe, attend and nurture. Whether or not we become biological mothers,

10 June 14 CD Campaign Handbook tions that limit women's options. These keep us obligated to men and unaware of alternatives to tradi- tional women's roles and compulsory heterosexuality. It is in the interest of all women to support lesbian women. We oppose anything which prevents women from loving each other freely in whatever way we choose. We are building a feminist resistance movement in the tradition of the militant suffragists of the last wave of feminism from which Gandhi and Martin Luther King drew their inspiration. We believe in and practice direct action. By direct action we do not mean activity which is necessarily legal or illegal, but intentional activity which does not even a reason to avoid working in mixed groups altogether, recognize these governmental sanctions. We mean the which many women do. But feminist groups with a creation of a tradition which demands that we act holistic politics of connectedness are concerned with the directly in all matters which concern us, that we do not arms race, intervention in El Salvador, ecological devas- recognize a higher authority whom we call upon to act for tation and other manifestations of patriarchy not as us. If we believe a parking lot should be a garden, we "add-ons" to women's issues, but as inherent in our might just dig it up and plant a garden. If we believe that feminism, and as integrally connected to the oppression there should be vigils of women against militarism and of women. So with trepidation, some of us enter coalition violence in our communities, we go out and vigil. If we politics and mixed left contexts. believe that women should be free to walk the streets at There is the problem of "sexism"—which has to do night, we will take back the night. with language, and who plays what roles in a group, and We believe that direct action and massive nonviolent who counters sexism in group dynamics, but there is also civil disobedience are absolutely necessary to stop the the problem of a basic resistance in the mixed left to threat of nuclear annihilation. The everyday oppression feminism as-a way of understanding the world. The ten- of living in an increasingly authoritarian, militarized dency of most male political thinkers to analyze mili- society is as much a feminist concern as reproductive tarism, imperialism, or ecological devastation primarily rights or lesbian oppression. The Family Protection Act, in terms of economic interests while altogether avoiding which could also be called the Patriarchy Protection Act, the issue of patriarchy belies a deep level of resistance to attempts to force us into proper male-ruled nuclear feminist thinking. families and to shape our consciousness so that we Another problem feminists run up against in mixed accept their authority. Our feminism is groups is their general lack of collective process. anti-authoritarian and anti-hierarchical. Feminist process, which grows out of our politics, de- We are the repositories of a sensibility which can mands participation by everyone in meetings or actions, make the future possible. Feminists must exemplify this rotation of leadership and public roles, adherence to the sensibility in our ideas, our relationships with each spirit of consensus decision making and concern with the other, our culture, politics and actions. It is by necessity experience of each woman in a group. Learning to work that we are utopians. We look backwards to women- with this kind of process is difficult for women. It is even centered societies based on respect for life and life- more difficult for men socialized into a competitive, cycles. We look forward to new possibilities of reconsti- oppositional, masculinity. Most mixed groups don't tuting a culture which is non-hierarchical. Peace is more attempt a collective feminist process. Those that do than the absence of war, as freedom is more than the provide a context which is more conducive to women's absence of coercion: they are both ongoing processes. participation than those that organize themselves hier- Our movement itself is a process, much as life itself is, archically from the beginning. without end. If mixed groups and coalitions expect feminist par- ticipation they need to not only engage in ongoing con- WORKING IN MIXED GRuUPS sciousness raising about sexism in the group with men Feminists working in coalitions or mixed groups often taking responsibility to educate and correct each other, find that it is only women who bring up feminist concerns but they must also develop a feminist analysis of what- or address sexism in the group. The feminist movement ever issue/s they're working on and include it in all their has been visible and strong for over 10 years. Feminist programs and educational materials without women thinking is widely available, yet the experience of having to patiently reintroduce a feminist perspective women working in left coalitions most often continues to every inch along the way as if the group had never heard be that if we are not for ourselves, no one else will be for it before. They need to also learn to use a feminist us. The minute we miss a meeting or turn our backs for a process. If these changes in heart, consciousness, and second, a woman speaker is replaced by a man, a man process are made, more feminist groups and women known for his sexism is asked to take a visible public role may be able to work in coalitions and mixed groups on because "he's so good on everything else," and an issues that affect us all, including the possible annihila- analysis of patriarchy as part of the problem is left out of tion of our planet by nuclear war, without being forced to the political statement. It is infuriating, frustrating, and compromise our own interests as women.

June 14 CD Campaign Handbook 11

Racism

Racism. the systematic mistreatment experienced by work. Racism limits our horizons to what presently people of color, is a result of institutionalized inequali- exists; it makes us suppose that current injustices are ties in the social structure. Racism is one consequence of "natural" or at best inevitable. "Someone has to be un- a self-perpetuating imbalance in economic. political and employed; someone has to go hungry." Most impor- social power. This imbalance consistently favors tantly, racism distorts our perceptions of the possibili- members of some ethnic and cultural groups at the ties for change; it makes us abandon our visions of soli- expense of other groups. The consequences of this im- darity; it robs us of our dreams of community. balance pervade all aspects of the social system and No human being is born with racist attitudes and be- affect all facets of people's lives. liefs. Physical and cultural differences between human Racism operates as a strategy of divide and conquer. It beings are not the cause of racism; these differences are helps perpetuate a social system in which some people used to justify racism. Racist attitudes and beliefs are a consistently are "haves" and others are "have nots." mixture of misinformation and ignorance which has to be While "the haves" receive certain material benefits imposed upon young people through a painful process of from this situation, the long-range effects of racism social conditioning. "You have to be taught to hate and short change everyone. Racism sets groups of people fear." Having racist attitudes and beliefs is like having a against each other and makes it difficult for us to per- clamp on one's mind. It distorts one's perception of ceive our common interests as human beings. Racism reality. Two examples: the notion that there is some- makes us forget that we all need and are entitled to good thing called "flesh color"; the use of the term "minori- health care, stimulating education, and challenging ties" to describe the majority of the world's people.

12 June 14 CD Campaign Handbook funds and resources needed for economic develop- ment in the Third World. —Learn and act upon issues of special concern to Third World communities. —Integrate the concerns of these communities in your approach to peace issues. —Develop working relationships with all groups in- volved with social change, including black, hispanic and native groups. —Don't force your agenda on other organizations. In planning for events form coalitions early, which include as many groups as possible, including black, Hispanic and native groups; include everyone in the decision-making.

Racism continues in part because people feel power- DEALING WITH RACISM AND CLASSISM less to do anything about it. There are times when we DURING AN ACTION, ARREST & JAIL have failed to act, and times when we did not achieve as much as we wanted to in the struggle against racism. —Be aware of how police are dealing with Third World, Unlearning racism also involves understanding the dif- gay, lesbian, and known movement people during arrest ficulties we have had and learning how to overcome situations. Be prepared to come to the aid of anyone who them, without blaming ourselves for having had those has been singled out by the police and may be receiving difficulties. The situation is not hopeless. People can harsher treatment than others. grow and change; we are not condemned to repeat the —Realize that during the booking process questions that past. Racist conditioning need not be a permanent state are being asked to determine whether or not people can of affairs. It can be examined, analyzed and unlearned. be released on their own recognizance, are particularly All people come from traditions which have a history discriminatory. These questions concentrate on your of resistance to injustice, and every person has their own economic, social. sexual and prior arrest standing. individual history of resistance to racist conditioning. —Realize that bail is the most blatant example of This history needs to be recalled and celebrated. When classism. Those who have money get out of jail—those people act from a sense of informed pride in themselves who don't stay in. and their own traditions, they will be more effective in all struggles for justice. (Adapted from a piece by Ricky Sherover-Marcuse, Unlearning Racism Workshops, 6538 Dana St., I DO NOT Oakland, CA 94609). SUPPORT DEALING WITH RACISM IN THE MOVEMENT RACISM! —Realize that Third World people face daily threats which are more immediate than the threat of nuclear catastrophe. —Understand that many peace and anti-nuclear issues affect Third World communities in special ways. For I MAY example: ATTEMPT TO • Nuclear programs are dependent on uranium mined eTaxxemptions to segregated schools SUBSIDIZE IT in southern Africa and on native lands in the US, FROM TIME Canada, Australia and elsewhere. • Military intervention is planned to prevent self- TO TIME... determination throughout the Third World, for example in El Salvador, Nicaragua and South Africa. • Military recruiting is targeted at areas of high un- employment. With few jobs available, blacks and hispanics have little choice but to enlist. • The massive transfer of resources to the military in the Reagan budget has particularly hurt Third World communities. • The massive expenditures for arms worldwide takes

June 14 CD Campaign Handbook 13 Nonviolence

Because nonviolence has the power to make funda- auto plants; and the UFW grape and lettuce boycotts. mental changes without personal threat or sacrificing Using mass nonviolent action, the civil rights move- militance, because nonviolence contrasts dramatically ment changed the face of the South. The Congress of with the violence of nuclear "diplomacy-as-usual," and Racial Equality (CORE) initiated modern nonviolent because nonviolence is so often misunderstood, the action for civil rights with sit-ins and a freedom ride in organizers of the Civil Disobedience Campaign for the the 1940's. The successful 1956 Montgomery bus Second Special Session on Disarmament have made boycott electrified the nation. Then, the early 1960's nonviolence an essential part of the training for all exploded with nonviolent action: sit-ins at lunch participants. counters and other facilities, organized by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC); Freedom HISTORY OF MASS NONVIOLENT ACTION Rides to the South organized by CORE; the nonviolent battle against segregation in Birmingham, Alabama, by The use of nonviolence runs throughout history. There the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC); have been numerous instances of people courageously and the 1963 March on Washington, which drew 250,000 and nonviolently refusing cooperation with injustice. participants. However, the fusion of organized mass struggle and nonviolence is relatively new. That synthesis originated Opponents of the Vietnam War employed the use of largely with Mohandas Gandhi in 1906 at the onset of the draft card burnings, draft file destruction, mass demon- South African campaign for Indian rights. Later, the strations such as the 500,000 who turned out in 1969 in Indian struggle for complete independence from the Washington, DC), sit-ins, blocking induction centers, draft and tax resistance, and the historic 1971 May Day British Empire included a number of spectacular non- traffic blocking in Washington DC, in which 13,000 violent campaigns. Perhaps the most notable was the people were arrested. year-long Salt campaign in which 100,000 Indians were jailed for deliberately violating the Salt laws. NONVIOLENT ACTION The militant campaign for women's suffrage in Britain included a variety of nonviolent tactics such as boycotts, Nonviolent action can be categorized as either direct noncooperation, limited property destruction, civil dis- or symbolic, and legal or illegal (civil disobedience). obedience, mass marches and demonstrations, filling the Direct action, often mistakenly equated with civil dis- jails, and disruption of public ceremonies. obedience, means seeking to limit or stop an injustice or The labor movement in this country has used non- evil at the source, without appealing to an intermediary. violence with striking effectiveness in a number of Such action could be legal or illegal. Martin Luther King instances, such as the Industrial Workers of the World once wrote: "Nonviolent direct action seeks to create a (IWW) free speech confrontations in Spokane, San crisis and foster such a tension that a community which Diego, Fresno, etc. ; the Congress of Industrial Organi- has constantly refused to negotiate is forced to confront zations (CIO) sitdown strikes from 1935 through 1937 in the issue. It seeks so to dramatize the issue that it can no

14 June 14 CD Campaign Handbook longer be ignored.- The term civil disobedience was coined in 1848 by Henry David Thoreau in his essay "On the Duty of Civil Disobedience." Civil disobedience raises the stakes of the struggle by maximizing the psychological and physical obstruction. These terms can be illustrated with the accompanying graph:

Nonviolent Action

fronting a sudden injustice or wrong, such as the 1970 invasion of Cambodia; 4) dramatizing a national or international issue (e.g., the escalating arms race) to arouse public concern. This definition excludes legisla- tion, litigation, electoral politics, etc., which perhaps can be classed as "indirect action." 0 legal illegal Example A: turning off a light to save electricity THE POLITICS OF NONVIOLENCE Example B: blocking construction Many people misunderstand nonviolence as every- thing which is not violent and as basically passive. Most Example C: trespass at a power plant without movement people are able to see beyond this, but fall interfering with construction into the misconception of nonviolence being, simply a set Example D: a rally in Washington protesting of tactics. power plant legislation To maximize effectiveness nonviolence must involve a spirit and an attitude which transcends concepts of vindication. enemy, and harassment. Nonviolence is Civil disobedience is not always warranted or appro- dependent on reason. imagination, and discipline. priate. What follows are four instances of when civil Winning should not be in terms of victory by one side disobedience is appropriate: 1) in an escalating over another, but victory over injustice. sequence of a campaign when other less drastic Using nonviolent methods without understanding the measures have been exhausted; 2) a personal "witness- dynamics, the basic politics and the characteristics of to an injustice, such as Thoreau's tax resistance or Rosa nonviolent struggle can reduce the effectiveness of or Parks' violation of the bus segregation law; 3) con- seriously cripple the campaign.

June 14 CD Campaign Handbook 15 METHODS In his book the Politics of Nonviolent Action, Gene Sharp has categorized 198 methods of nonviolent action, which can be broken into three main types: 1) protest and persuasion (e.g., leaflets, pickets, vigils, marches, teach-ins) 2) noncooperation —social (e.g., social boycott, student strike, sus- pension of social activities) —economic (e.g., strikes, tax resistance, boycotts) —political (e.g., boycott of elections, civil dis- obedience of bad laws, draft resistance) 3) intervention (e.g., sit-ins, occupations, alternative economic institutions, civil disobedience of neutral laws, obstruction).

POLITICAL ANALYSIS Power itself is not derived through violence, though in governmental form it is usually violent in nature. Governmental power is often maintained through Army Medical Examiner: "At last a perfect soldier!" oppression and the tacit compliance of the majority of the governed. Any significant withdrawal of that com- DYNAMICS pliance will restrict or dissolve governmental control. Apathy in the face of injustice is a form of violence. The Nonviolence provides us with better control of a situa- violence we are mobilizing against is oppression in its tion. It eliminates a major rationale for the use of most violent form, annihilation. Struggle and conflict are violence by opponents. Supporters of the opponents are often necessary to correct injustice, but ends and means drawn away. There are few casualties. Raising the are inseparable. It is counterproductive to use violence, struggle above the personal level dramatizes the real wars, and injustice to create a society without those issues and brings a campaign closer to winning. We wrongs. should try to speak to the best in all people, rather than It is essential that we separate the role a person plays seeking to exploit their weakness to what we may believe from the individual. The "enemy" is the system that is our advantage. We can put more pressure on people casts people in oppressive roles. A nonviolent campaign for whom we show human concern. Violence creates must focus on the issues and the system, rather than on desperation and resentment in the opponent, thereby the personal level. reducing our control over events. Openness and honesty Our struggle is not easy, and we must not think of are essential elements in our attempt to get the general nonviolence as a "safe" way to fight oppression. The public and our opponents to respect and trust us. Dis- strength of nonviolence comes from our willingness to honesty swiftly undermines credibility and support. take personal risk without threatening other people. Groups using nonviolence gain self-respect, confidence and power.

FOLLOWUP This section has been far too brief to give anyone un- familiar with nonviolence an adequate understanding of nonviolence. Participants are therefore encouraged to explore the following books and articles for a better understanding of the history and politics of nonviolence. Revolution and Equilibrium, Barbara Deming, 1968; theory and dynamics of nonviolence. The Politics of Nonviolent Action, Gene Sharp, 1973. The Power of the People. edited by Robert Cooney and Helen Michalowski, 1977; history of nonviolent action in the United States. Conquest 0/ Violence: The Gandhian Philosophy of Conflict. Joan Bondurant, 1965. The Power of Nonviolence, Richard Gregg, 1966.

16 June 14 CD Campaign Handbook . cenario/Guidelin es

Early Monday morning, June 14, affinity groups will POLICE RESPONSE converge simultaneously on the Missions of the United States, Soviet Union, China, Britain, and France. The The police will likely respond in one of the two following ways: demonstrators will be seeking to get as close as possible to the five "nuclear missions" in order to block the 1) attempt to disperse the demonstrators, while entrances, and nonviolently disrupt "diplomacy as avoiding making arrests (as was done at the Wall usual." Noncooperation with arrest by going limp is Street Action, October 29, 1979) encouraged. 2) accommodate the demonstrators by arresting them, but only after they have been corralled out of the way (as was done at the Sit-In for Survival during the first SSD, June 12, 1978). THE DAY BEFORE If the police try to move you away or break up your Sunday, June 13, one representative from each group, sit down. The police have the greatest control affinity group should "check-in" at 339 Lafayette Street over a crowd which is standing. At points, they may (near Bleecker Street). At check-in the representative attempt charges to break up a crowd. To stand up and will turn in the Affinity Group sign-in sheet with the run will not only help clear that area but encourage the name of the group, names and addresses of those who police to continue to try that tactic elsewhere. If we are will commit civil disobedience, emergency phone clear that we do not intend to budge, they may decrease numbers, support people, and the special needs of the number of charges into the crowd, reducing members of the group, such as a list of those who plan to potential harm. noncooperate after arrest, and a description of pertinent It is possible that the police will try to use horses to medical information. break up our demonstration. Horses are trained to dis- The affinity group will select the Mission it wishes to perse crowds, not trample people. At the Wall Street blockade. In this way, it is assumed that •most affinity Action, the police did use horses effectively against groups will go to the U.S. Mission, the next largest those affinity groups which were standing. However, number to the Soviet Mission, and the rest to the other affinity groups which sat tightly together and did not three. Should this process result in a skewed distribution move when horses walked into them, succeeded in toward the French Mission, for example, affinity groups stopping this dispersal tactic. But several people will be asked to blockade Missions which are being sustained minor injuries as a result. So remember to sit neglected. Each affinity group will then be given the tightly together and near fixed objects and, if at all latest information on their Mission and what to expect possible, avoid the back legs of a horse. from authorities. Other forms of attack that might be used are tear gas, BARRICADES dogs, and fire hoses. We feel that it is unlikely that these methods will be used as they haven't been used in recent Wooden barricades will be set up by the police in an New York demonstrations. The use of tear gas would effort to keep demonstrators away. The further the affect many non-demonstrators. If gas is used, cover police place these barricades from each Mission, the your nose and mouth with a bandana, and if this is not more they will be spread out and the easier it will be to go effective, leave the area and regroup elsewhere. The over, under, or around the barricades. However, if we best protection against dogs, fire hoses and police succeed in effectively eachsurrounding of the five charges is to clasp hands over head, elbows drawn in to Missions (by coming from as many different directions hold your head stable, drawing the knees up with legs as possible), the police will be forced to set up points of tucked under. This forms a ball, face down, stomach, access for those who work in the Missions and other breasts and genitals covered. Try to keep together with places of business (or residence) inside the barricades. your affinity group. Remember that panic is one of the These points of access then become "entrances" to the most powerful weapons of control the police have, and it Missions, and therefore should be blockaded. increases the chances of injury. On encountering a police barricade ("saw horses," The best approach in dealing with the police is to real horses, or police), do not hesitate to go around them attempt to disarm them—not physically, but psycho- if possible. Non-threatening forward motion is encour- logically. Although they will have various weapons at aged. If forward progress is physically blocked by a line their disposal, they will be doing their job on June 14 of police and no immediately obvious way to get closer is with considerable apprehension and possibly fear about apparent, sit down and block any traffic which may be what we might do. A hostile commanding officer could passing through the barricades. get them "psyched up," creating an even greater

June 14 CD Campaign Handbook 17 barrier in establishing a rapport. If we appear to be a SOVIET MISSION (136 East 67 Street)—The Soviet physical threat to them, achieving our objectives will be Mission is on the south side of 67 Street, midway more difficult and the possibility of physical harm to us between Park and Third Avenues. The nearest subway is will be greater. So we should not approach them as "our the Hunter College stop (68th Street) on the Lexington enemies" and keep in mind the following: local (#6 train). • calmness and a quiet confidence, while showing them CHINESE MISSION (155 W. 66 Street)—The Chinese respect as people Mission is on the north side of 66 Street between Broad- • establish eye contact way and Amsterdam Avenue. The nearest subway is the • take the initiative by offering a greeting Lincoln Center stop (66th Street) on the #1 train. • use genuine humor (not at their expense, however) BRITISH MISSION (845 Third Avenue)—Unlike the • move in an orderly fashion, deliberate and unfrantic above three Missions, the British Mission does not have a building of its own. It is on the 10th floor of an office • use openness in all dealings with police. building located on the east side of Third Avenue On the other hand, the police may choose to be very between 51 and 52 Streets. The closest subways are the cooperative (from their perspective) by attempting to Lexington-Third Avenues stop (at 53 Street) on the E and corral demonstrators away from the Mission and arrest F trains and the 51 Street stop on the Lexington Avenue quickly. The corralling tactic will be minimized by local (#6 train). having affinity groups converge simultaneously from all directions on each Mission. Also, affinity groups should not allow wooden barricades to stop their forward motion. Our tactic is not to avoid arrest, but to avoid being corralled, if at all possible. However, care should be taken not to run or physically push into the police.

CONTINGENCIES Affinity groups should be prepared with contingency plans if the police are refusing to make arrests. There will be updates on this for all affinity groups closer to June 14.

THE MISSION LOCATIONS Affinity groups are encouraged to check out "their" Mission before June 14 in order to be familiar with its FRENCH MISSION (1 Dag Hammarskjold Plaza)—As layout. with the British Mission, the French Mission is also in an UNITED STATES MISSION (799 UN Plaza)—The U.S. office building, on the 8th floor. The building is located Mission is located on the southwest corner of 45 Street on the west side of Second Avenue between 47 and 48 and First Avenue. The nearest subway is Grand Central Streets. Grand Central Station and the 51 Street stop on Station (42 Street and Lexington Avenue). There is a the Lexington local (#6 train) are the closest subway First Avenue bus which normally runs uptown every 10 stops. minutes. GUIDELINES For the purpose of building trust and a common foun- dation for safety, and lowerthe tone for our actions, participants in the June 1 1 blockades agree to the following: • our attitude will be one of openness and respect toward people we encounter. • we will not engage in physical violence or verbal abuse toward any individual • we will not destroy property • we will not bring or use any drugs or alcohol other than for medical purposes • we will carry no weapons. All participants in the blockade will be organized into affinity groups trained in nonviolence.

18 June 14 CD Campaign Handbook Maps

FRENCH MiSSiON 1 Construction Site 46TH STREET 52 NO STREET TO SECOND AVE.

ANCHOR BANK FRENCH Mission,

f~a kbO BANKCHEMICAL

•

TO THIRD AVENUE 47th STREET 51ST STREET

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TO SECOND AVE. 45TH STREET N 4

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UNITED NATIONS HEADQUARTERS

44TH STREET

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June 14 CD Campaign Handbook 19 STREET MAP

Bryant Park 0 US MISSION Library 0 FRENCH Fifth Avenue MISSION BRITISH MISSION SOVIET

Madison Avenue MISSION CHINESE MISSION

Park Avenue Pan Am Bldg,

Grand Central

Lexington Avenue

Third Avenue

Second Avenue

First Avenue 43rd 44th 45th 46th 47th 1 I I 41st 42nd United Nations 48th 49th 50th 51st 52nd 53rd

20 June 14 CD Campaign Handbook to Chinese Mission (see inset)

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June 14 CD Campaign Handbook 21 Legal

INTRODUCTION group. It is our commitment to one another and to our common cause; it is our dedication to support one Our approach to the legal system is up to us. We retain another and to pursue our common goals at all times, in as much power as we refuse to relinquish to the govern- every situation, to the best of our ability. Solidarity ment—city, state or federal. cannot be broken by courts, jails or other external forces. The criminal "justice" system functions to alienate If we hold fast to it, it is ours. and isolate the accused individual, to destroy one's Discuss the issues raised in this legal section with your power and purposefulness and to weave a web of affinity group—particularly noncooperation, the de- confusion and mystification around any legal pro- mand for unconditional release and your attitude toward ceedings. If we are well-prepared for our contact with trials. Think out various hypothetical situations and try this system, we can limit the effect it has upon us, both to understand how you will respond to these situations. personally and politically. It is extremely important that The decisions that we make are political, not legal. we be firmly rooted in our own spirit and purposes, our The reaction of the City to what we are doing, to what we commitment to one another, and the history and tradi- stand for, will also be political. We can have quite an tion of social struggle of which we are a part. We should impact on what happens to us in jail, in court, and during try to maintain our nonviolent attitude of honesty and processing, if we are prepared. It can be as important a directness while dealing with law enforcement officers part of our nonviolent opposition to nuclear proliferation and the courts. Nonviolent action draws its strength as everything that comes before the arrest. from open confrontation and noncooperation, not from evasion or subterfuge. Bail solidarity, noncooperation, POSSIBLE CHARGES AND PENALTIES and other forms of resistance can be used to reaffirm our position that we are not criminals and that we are taking The scenario for our protest at the Special Session in- positive steps towards freeing the world of nuclear volves, at the very least, sitting in and blocking access to terror. a private place of business on a public thoroughfare. The police may separate us from each other, breaking There are a number of offenses with which protesters up affinity groups and possibly isolating individuals. In may be charged. There is no jury trial for a violation. order to maintain our spirits and effectiveness, we must 1) DISORDERLY CONDUCT (PL 240.20)—a violation develop an ability to deal with the legal system, while A person may be found guilty of disorderly conduct trusting in the solidarity of other demonstrators. Soli- when, with intent to cause public inconvenience, annoy- darity is, in reality, more a state of mind that unites us ance or alarm, or recklessly creating a risk thereof, through a long struggle than a specific course of action he/she: (there are 7 sub sections; 3 are relevant to our that everyone follows. Solidarity does not demand that action) everyone make the same choice in every situation. It is 5) obstructs vehicular or pedestrian traffic; an internal force within each of us and among us as a 6) congregates with others in a public place and re- fuses to comply with a lawful order of the police to disperse; 7) creates a hazardous or physically offensive condi- tion by any act which serves no legitimate purpose (this is a dragnet provision). An officer may arrest without a warrant if acts are committed in his/her presence. 2) TRESPASS (PL 140.05) a violation A person may be guilty of (simple) trespass if he/she knowingly enters or remains unlawfully in or upon premises. 3) CRIMINAL TRESPASS IN THE 3rd DEGREE (PL 140.10) a "B" misdemeanor Same as above, if premises constitute real property that are enclosed in a manner designed to exclude in- truders or if premises constitute a building. [PLEASE NOTE: "Enter" can be with a part of the body. One can enter lawfully but "remain" unlawfully. "Un- lawfully" means without privilege or license to be there; after a lawful order to leave, one loses what privilege or

22 June 14 CD Campaign Handbook license one might have had to be there in the first place: Class B misdemeanor: 90 days or $500 fine or 1 year A "lawful order" to leave may be given by the owner or probation or conditional or unconditional release. any authorized person (police, manager, security guard, Class A misdemeanor: 1 year or $1,000 fine or 3 years etc.) "Building" may include enclosures and entrances probation or conditional or unconditional release. which are part of the place of business.] 4) RESISTING ARREST (PL 205.30) an "A" mis- ARREST PROCEDURE demeanor Arrest A person may be guilty of resisting arrest if one inten- tionally prevents or attempts to prevent a police officer Arresting officers must order you to leave the area and from effecting an authorized arrest of oneself or another give you a reasonable opportunity to disperse. They then person. are supposed to tell you that you are under arrest and what you are being charged with. They are not required to read you your Miranda rights unless they begin to question you. (If they question you, you have the right to remain silent and the right to be represented by a lawyer.) You may want to record the name and badge "The criminal 'justice' system functions to alienate number of your arresting officer. You may be photo- and isolate the accused individual, to destroy one's power and purposefulness and to weave a web of confu- graphed at this; if not at this time, you might be photographed at booking. sion and mystification around any legal proceedings." Some people choose to cooperate with arrest by walking with the arresting officers. Others refuse to move and go limp as a form of noncooperation with their arrest. Consider whether you are going to do this in advance; discuss it with your affinity group. Remember The conduct need not be force or violence; passive that if you go limp, you may be charged with resisting resistance or going limp has been sufficient where such arrest, a misdemeanor. Either way, your conduct should conduct—refusal to act as directed—delayed each be accompanied by a sincere and principled attitude. defendant's own arrest and the arrest of others. Efforts to communicate and refusing to be intimidated People arrested in the. Sit-In for Survival at the US at this point can set the tone for later contacts with Mission to the UN on June 12, 1978, who went limp were authorities and can do much to demonstrate your con- charged with resisting arrest and were given Desk, cern and determination. Appearance Tickets. Because this is a misdemeanor, they were ordered to appear for arraignment in the main Booking criminal court building. They were offered ACD's (see We can expect to be taken to Police Headquarters at explanation below) which they accepted. Had they de- One Police Plaza in Manhattan for booking, or cided to go ahead with trials, refusing ACD's, they processing. would have been entitled to jury trials, while the others You will be asked your name, address and age. You would not. So, going limp may escalate your offense (you will be photographed, if this was not done before. If you might be charged with resisting arrest) and may entitle have been charged with a misdemeanor rather than a you to a jury trial. But the City could drop those charges violation, you will be fingerprinted. You may be strip- so that they won't have to give us jury trials. Try to keep searched at this time. all of this in mind when deciding what you are going to While your name, address and age are all that the do. police probably need to ask you for in order to process 5) OBSTRUCTING GOVERNMENTAL ADMINISTRA- you, it is likely that they will ask for additional informa- TION (PL 195.05) an "A" misdemeanor tion such as your social security number. Whether you One may be found guilty of O.G.A. if one intentionally choose to provide the police with your proper name, obstructs, impairs or prevents the administration of law address and age or any additional information that they or other governmental function or prevents or attempts try to ask for is a personal decision depending on your to prevent a public servant from performing an official willingness to cooperate with the processing and your function by means of intimidation, physical force or ability to risk further detention. The police will find it interference or any independently unlawful act. difficult to release you if they do not know who you are, There's not much likelihood we would be charged with but they may try to intimidate you into providing more this. In 1979, occupiers at the Shoreham, NY, nuclear information than is necessary for them to identify you. plant site who went limp were charged with O.G.A., but Our sense is that they will want to release you—New those charges were dropped later. York City does not have facilities or person power to handle large numbers of arrestees for long periods of PENALTIES time. Since our protest is at the Missions, they will try to clear the area as quickly as they can. This means we may Maximum penalties are: be handled somewhat harshly at the point of arrest. Violation: 15 days or $250 fine or conditional or uncon- Please Note: We have seen that large numbers of non- ditional release.

June 14 CD Campaign Handbook 23 cooperators have a powerful impact on legal procedings by disrupting business as usual and dramatizing further our conviction that our actions are justified and neces- sary and do not warrant criminal processing. If you are charged with a violation, you will be issued a summons telling you when to appear in the Summons part of Criminal Court for your arraignment. If you are charged with a misdemeanor, the police will either issue a Desk Appearance Ticket (DAT) or set bail. The DAT constitutes a release on your own recog- nizance subject to an implied promise that you will return on the appointed date for your arraignment; it must be signed by you and contain all the information requested (name, address, age). In the alternative, the police may set bail. This is a specified sum of money put up by the defendant as a guarantee of sorts that he or she will return for arraignment. The money is forfeited if one does not appear and a bench warrant is issued. The police's estimate of the likelihood of your returning will be used as the basis for deciding whether to release you on your own recognizance (ROR). In the last several years, the anti-nuclear movement has staged dozens of huge civil disobedience actions all over the country. Experience has shown that bail is usually dispensed with and people are offered ROR. Out-of-state demonstrators should have the name, address, and phone number of a local (New York City) person to be given to the police as a reference so that the police can verify who you are. (The local contact person should be informed that you are using him/her as your reference, so that they will be reachable that day.) We do not think that out-of-staters will be handled differently than others. Noncooperators will be held in jail until brought be- fore a judge for arraignment. Although New York City holds day and night arraignments, there is always a handled differently in New York City and will be dealt backlog. Our numbers will aggravate that backlog enor- with separately below. mously. If you are going to noncooperate, please be prepared to spend at least 36 hours in jail prior to your Violation. There is no prosecutor or DA present at this arraignment. It will probably be less, but be prepared for proceeding: only you, the judge, and a number of court that duration. You will not have control over how quickly clerks. The overwhelming number of people who your case is called; the legal support team does not have appear in this court do so without a lawyer. Most plead power to move your case up, either. Also, do not count on guilty and are either given no penalty or a small fine. You being kept or transported with your fellow protesters. can expect to see hundreds of people, most of them black You can expect to be mixed with the general prison and poor, waiting with you in this court to have their population and separated by sex and age (more on youth cases disposed of as quickly as possible. It is extremely below). difficult to make a political statement in this court; but The New York City jails are not armories or make-shift don't let that stop you from trying! We encourage you to detention facilities. appear pro se (for yourself, without a lawyer) at this Standard procedure in Manhattan (Manhattan is New arraignment. You will be asked to plead. You can York County) is to send people to the city jail at Rikers request that the charges against you be dropped and Island for pre-arraignment or pre-trial detention. It is explain why. If you plead not guilty, you will be given a possible that some other arrangements would be made trial date. You are not entitled to a jury trial on a viola- because of our large numbers—but we have no present tion. The judge may drop the charges. He or she (there information on that. You should be prepared to go to are a number of women judges in New York City) may Rikers. offer you an adjournment in contemplation of dismissal (ACD, see explanation below) in lieu of entering your ARRAIGNMENT plea. If you plead guilty or no contest, you may be sen- The arraignment is an appearance before a judge tenced immediately. where a plea is entered. You are entitled to counsel. The Misdemeanor. You are entitled to be represented by a arraignments on violations and misdemeanors are lawyer. If you are destitute, the court is required to

24 June 14 CD Campaign Handbook appoint one for you. (If you wish to retain private coun- you. Bail solidarity is the attempt by as many people as sel, you can request an adjournment to a later date to possible to refuse to pay bail or accept ROR until it is give you time to do so.) If you choose to represent offered to everyone (including organizers, repeat yourself, you should feel some confidence in your ability offenders and people of color). to articulate your concerns and have some familiarity This will be hard to achieve if there are many separate with the legal process before doing this. It is our hope arraignment dates. It will be easier if protesters are that this handbook is providing such familiarity, but you arraigned all at once the night or the day after the protest may want to have counsel assisting or advising you THE (although it is hard to imagine hundreds or thousands of JUNE 14 CD CAMPAIGN CANNOT PROVIDE REPRE- people being arraigned together in the New York City SENTATION. We can provide advice and support. courts). Perhaps solidarity can be maintained with those It is possible that before you are asked to plead, you with whom one is in contact during the arraignment. will be offered an ACD. An ACD can only be given by a Some people, for personal, medical. work or other judge if the DA agrees not to prosecute and you agree to reasons, may choose to bail out. accept it. It means your case is adjourned for 6 months and automatically dropped at this time provided you are not arrested again during that time. If you are arrested, and the New York City courts know about it, this charge may be reactivated and you may be contacted by the DA and given a trial date. If you are not offered an ACD or if you refuse it, you will be asked to plead. If you plead not guilty, a date will be set for your trial—you are entitled to a jury trial. If you plead no contest or guilty, the judge will sen- tence you. (A no contest plea can be made in lieu of a guilty plea, but it is the same as a guilty plea for the. purposes of sentencing.) The DA will make a recom- mendation on sentencing. You can talk to the DA about this: this is a further opportunity for you to explain the reasons for your actions and to ask for an unconditional release, suspended sentence, or light sentence.

BAIL, ROR, AND PRE-TRIAL DETENTION At the arraignment, the judge will decide whether to set bail, release you on your own recognizance (ROR) or hold you pending trial (if he/she cannot identify you). Bail is the most graphic example of the economic dis- Some protesters may choose to refuse bail or ROR, crimination which pervades our judicial system. If you because both are conditioned on a promise to return for have money you go free; if you don't, you sit in jail, trial. That promise is in turn conditioned on an implied whether you are innocent or guilty of the charges before acceptance of the authority of the criminal justice system to arbitrate our guilt or innocence. Protesters may demand unconditional release. Refusing to give infor- mation demanded by the police or corrections officers or refusing bail or ROR will result in pre-trial detention. LET ME PUT ITHIS T This forces an immediate resolution of your confronta- WAY, DALRIMPLE tion with the legal system; it avoids lengthy and con- WHICH DO YOU VALUE MOST MOST. tinuing entanglement with the court system. (These ef- YOUR RIGHT OF DISSENT fects of noncooperation may be taken as sufficient OR YOUR LIFE ? reason not to cooperate. There are strong moral reasons, reasons of conscience and integrity, as well as political reasons—e.g. , opposition to the courts and jails that protect the nuclear industry, opposition to all courts and jails—that motivate many noncooperators. These issues can be discussed in training and with your affinity group.) The CD Campaign recommends that blockaders make a commitment to bail solidarity. We demonstrate our commitment more effectively by not cooperating with the bail system's "easy out" for those who can afford it. The campaign leaves the decision to individuals and affinity groups to determine whether or not to maintain solidarity with noncooperators.

June 14 CD Campaign Handbook 25 MINORS/YOUTHFUL OFFENDERS recognizance. Your return or failure to return reflects on yourself and the collective integrity of our political move- If you are under 16, your case will be handled in ment. It may affect the court's willingness to grant such Family Court. You will be released into the custody of your parent or a legal guardian. You may need a releases to other defendants in the future, or cause the notarized form authorizing a particular person who will court to question our dedication or courage. be present at processing as your guardian. (Get details Failure to appear will lead to a bench warrant being issued for your arrest and forfeiture of your bond (if you on this from your trainers. Please take responsibility for put up bond instead of bail). this yourself this cannot be left to support people to do PLEASE DO NOT CONTACT THE JUNE 14 CD for you.) CAMPAIGN FOR TRAINERS, ORGANIZERS OR If you are age 16-19 and this is your first arrest, the LEGAL SUPPORT TEAM AT THE LAST MINUTE RE- judge must grant you Youthful Offender ("Y.0.") QUESTING SOMEONE TO REPRESENT YOU OR TO status. This negates your conviction if you plead guilty or HAVE YOUR DATE CHANGED FOR YOU BECAUSE are found guilty. Your record will be sealed when the case is over. YOU CANNOT APPEAR ON YOUR TRIAL DATE. It is extremely important that people handle all the particu- lars of their trial themselves, if they choose to go ahead NON-US CITIZENS with trials. All too often we have seen that some demon- If you are not a U.S. citizen and you are visiting the strators expect somebody else to follow up on their legal U.S. under a tourist or student visa, your right to remain matters for them. in the country may be affected if you are arrested. Your The decision to go to trial is apolitical one. You should visa permits you to remain in the U.S. for a temporary keep in mind what it is we are trying to achieve and period of time, however, the federal government has evaluate whether your trial will further these goals, discretion to revoke this permission if, for instance, you when making this decision. Keep in mind that courts are break the law. The shorter the period of time that your conservative forums for social change. You must be very visa authorizes you to stay in this country, the greater creative if you are to make any headway at all; even then, the possibility that your right to remain here may be ad- the cards are heavily stacked against you. Most versely affected by being arrested. Since it is difficult to important, the decision to go to trial involves a predict the precise effect of being arrested for every commitment by you of your time and energy. non-U.S. citizen, you should contact the CD office to be The actions of the government and the courts, referred to the legal support team to discuss your especially in cases like these, are motivated at least as specific situation. much by political factors as by the technicalities of the statutes and court rules. Legal tradition and "proper TRIALS form" may not always provide an accurate picture of You are required to appear in court on the trial date what we can expect. In the past few years, the which has been set. You effectively promised to return anti-nuclear movement has seen some rather startling when you paid bail or accepted release on your own results come out of the courts—which seems to be direct-

26 June 14 CD Campaign Handbook directly related to the innovative nature of what we have put unto them! and to serve as communications liaison between the arrestees and support on the outside. Legal and other LEGAL SUPPORT support people will try to get into the jails and holding cells in order to facilitate the decisions and needs of The. legal support team is part of the support network. people on the inside. We are lawyers and law students who are committed to We ask you to remember that there are limits to respecting and observing the guidelines and goals of this what we can do. We also ask you to remember that we are part action. We will be present as observers and liaison of the movement, too. ple, during the action and will watch closely the arrest peo The June 14 CD Campaign cannot provide legal coun- procedure. We intend to make ourselves available sel in individual cases. We can offer information, re- during booking to protect your rights wherever we can sources and advice in order to strengthen your efforts.

June 14 CD Campaign Handbook 27 IN 0 ncooperation

(In the past few years protesters around the country have One way of refusing to participate in arrest and deten- been choosing in growing numbers to continue their tion is by going limp. A decision to go limp is a decision resistance to the nuclear industry in the jails and courts. to approach the arrest situation with peaceful resistance This section is being included so that each person who and may involve discomfort and strained communication participates in the June 14 Blockade has an under- between the demonstrators and arresting officer, largely standing of why people noncooperate. We do not expect because one of the two people is being dragged along the that each protester will noncooperate: for both personal ground, and one is struggling to carry the other. and political reasons many people choose not to resist Although very common, even going limp is not an easy the arrest procedure. We want everyone to understand way to noncooperate; we are forcing the police to either noncooperation, however, so that informed decisions join us or carry us away. We frequently find ourselves can be made about it and so that people who are not being carried or dragged by an angry police officer, prepared for noncooperation do not feel pressured into unsympathetic to our claims that we are acting as much it on her or his behalf as on our own. This is an uncom- fortable dilemma which runs throughout every non- cooperation and which can only be eased, if at all. by A refusal to cooperate with the imprisonment of one- self or others is sensible and natural to many of us. The sensitive discussion with sincerity and conviction on our deliberate and punitive denial of freedom that jail part about our motives and goals. consists of is abhorrent to all of us. Many of us oppose prisons altogether, viewing the inequalities and injus- "By our refusal to cooperate, we keep reminding them of tices of our society as its culprits, not the victims who end our dissent, refusing to allow them the godlike sense up rotting in its jails. that their will alone exists." —BARBARA DEMING Once we're removed from the Missions, we'll be taken Some demonstrators refuse to cooperate partially or to the courts and jails. Hampering our removal and re- wholly with court procedures: they refuse to enter a plea, fusing to assist these institutions in their protection of to retain or accept a lawyer, to stand up in court, to speak the nuclear mission is of inestimable value. Noncoopera- to the judge as a symbol of court authority (but rather tion impedes our removal and prolongs our ability to speak to her or him as a fellow human being), to take the accomplish our goals of stopping the violent business- stand or question witnesses. They may make a speech to as-usual of our targets. We become great burdens to the those assembled in the courtroom or simply lie or sit on courts and jails and the status quo become more difficult the floor if they are carried in, or attempt to leave if not and costly to protect. forcibly restrained. The penalties for such noncoopera- tion can be severe, because many judges take such ac- tion to be a personal affront as well as an insult to the court. Some judges, on the other hand, overlook such conduct, or attempt to communicate with the demon- strators. Physical noncooperation may be sustained through the booking process and through court appearances; it may continue through the entire time of one's detention. This might involve a refusal to walk, to eat, to clean oneself and one's surroundings. It may even lead prison officials to force-feed and diaper the inmate. Another form of noncooperation is fasting—taking no food and no liquid except water, or perhaps fruit juice. While abstaining from food can be uncomfortable and eventually risky, abstaining from all food and liquid can be extremely dangerous almost immediately. Five or six days is probably the longest a human can go without liq- uid before incurring brain damage and serious dehydra- tion. Usually authorities watch persons who are "water fasting" closely and take steps to hospitalize them before serious consequences occur, but no demonstrator can ever count on such attention and should therefore be prepared to give up the fast or perhaps be allowed to die, as did several Irish freedom fighters during the H-Block hunger strike.

28 June 14 CD Campaign Handbook There are other forms noncooperation may take and Noncooperation is difficult. It is rewarding, powerful other reasons for it to occur. The refusal to give one's and inspiring, but it can be frustrating, time consuming name undoubtedly springs from a desire to resist and and even painful. Noncooperators must be careful not to confound a system that assigns criminal records to pressure others into joining them. Anyone who tries to people. that categorizes and spies upon them and that noncooperate must feel flexible enough to give it up if it punishes organizers and repeat offenders more becomes too much too handle. strenuously. It relays a message that none of us should It might be best to try out various levels and ap- be singled out: we'll all be doing this again and again. proaches to noncooperation, as they feel appropriate. Many nonviolent activists, however, acting with the Noncooperation can be very powerful as a response to openness and confidence that characterizes and unjust demands by guards. It feels particularly natural strengthens nonviolent action, do not choose to hide and effective at such times. their identities. They may still noncooperate, however, It is likely that noncooperators will be subject to by refusing to reveal an address, or by refusing to intimidation and threats. For this reason it is important promise to return for trial, increasing the burden on the that we prepare ourselves for this ahead of time, rather courts to quickly deal with us and enhancing our soli- than planning to change our minds about darity and strength as people working together, filling noncooperating under duress. Successful intimidation from the the jails. guards will only encourage them to treat the remaining noncooperators more harshly. Many activists also choose to resist the codification of On the other hand, cooperation is no "easier. We are people by social security numbers. The questions we are all working to stop nuclear terror and jail is an effective asked about background and employment are means to and, for many, frequently inevitable place to continue facilitate both their processing of us and their prepara- the struggle. Strong and principled steps are being tion of files about us. The very fact that we may be taken by noncooperators, and they are having great privileged enough to have jobs and perhaps be ushered impact. We would all do well, for ourselves and for the in and out of the jails more politely and efficiently than movement. to prepare ourselves to cooperate less with other "criminals" is something that some of us are un- the government, the courts that protect it, and the jails willing to take advantage of. they put us in.

June 14 CD Campaign Handbook 29 Representing Yourself

The Constitution gives you the right to represent represented themselves. The most important thing is to yourself. The right is founded in the understanding that remember that you have choices. The system teaches us someone else may not say quite what you want said in to think that there is only one way of doing anything, but your behalf, or may not say it in the way you want it said. because we question that we choose to do civil disobedi- You therefore cannot be forced to let someone speak for ence in the first place. you. In November of 1980, as part of the first Women's Trials and hearings resulting from civil disobedience Pentagon Action one woman chose to sing her at the nuclear missions are particularly suited to "defense." She sang Malvina Reynolds' "It Isn't Nice unearthing the reasons behind, and the possibilities for, to Block the Doorway." She was found guilty. self-representation. What need is there for a lawyer to (for more info: National No Nukes Trial Handbook, explain a blockader's motivation for "disrupting nuclear People's Energy Clearinghouse, 120 Boylston St., diplomacy as usual?" Perhaps the blockader can better Rm. 1011, Boston, MA 02116.) explain his or her own motivation. Why water down a deeply political and personal act of civil disobedience "When arrested while making a statement with a lot of legalistic jargon? Why let the application of through an act of civil disobedience, I prefer to go the energizing ideas contained in the philosophy of non- pro se (represent myself) because of the control it violent civil disobedience stop with the arrests? If you gives me in the courtroom. It means that I am a choose to participate in this action, it will be a result of woman in charge of my life and responsible for my much thought and consideration. Why not continue to decisions and behavior, and that I am prepared for involve yourself fully all the way through the trial? A the results of my actions. Using a lawyer means lawyer must adhere to the legal restrictions of the court- that I must sit quietly and humbly through specious room and translate everything into the proper legal arrangements over my behavior and the categories. You as a pro se litigant have much greater proper punishment for it. It means that I am like a leeway. If you don't understand something don't hesi- child with parents arguing about my naughtiness tate to ask questions about what is happening during the and what to do about it so that I will "learn a trial. lesson – or "will have learned a lesson." I should While we encourage all blockaders to seriously con- add, however, that having a lawyer around to sider the option of self-representation, we recognize that advise and explain potentially complicated issues for some it may not be suitable. Representation by an is helpful." attorney may be the best route, if you desire an acquittal —Catherine de Laubenfels at any cost. In a group trial, the option of having some arrested at Women's Pentagon Action 1980, 1981 but not all defendants represented by counsel is often available. You should speak to people who have repre

It isn't nice to block the doorway, It isn't nice to go to jail. IT ISN'T NICE There are nicer ways to do it, But the nice ways always fail. Malvina Reynolds chorus #1 It isn't nice, it isn't nice You told us once, you told us twice But if that is freedom's price, We don't mind. It isn't nice to carry banners or to sleep in on the floor, Or to shout our cry of freedom At the hotel and the store. chorus #1 Well we tried negotiations And the token picket line. The government didn't see us, They might as well be blind. chorus #2 Now our new ways aren't nice When we deal with men of ice But if that is freedom's price We don't mind.

30 June 14 CD Campaign Handbook Doing Time

Any act of civil disobedience implies the willingness to try to isolate people from one another and reduce one's risk jail for one's convictions. This risk is deemed less concentration to the demands of authority and of one's serious than the consequences of complicity in a wrong own survival. However, no one in jail for affirming her or or danger, or the concession of a matter of conscience. his conscience, is ever alone. Remember that and you The risk of jail in any particular action may be relatively should have no trouble getting by. great or small, but it is important that all who undertake What exactly can you expect? Jails differ as to par- such an action do so responsibly, having given thought ticular conditions, regulations and privileges allowed. to the possible consequences and prepared psycho- Yet, jails are enough alike that it is possible to make some logically for the possibility of jail. rough generalizations. Jails are rotten places, they are houses of misery. No Ypu can expect overcrowding, which means frus- matter how "progressive" and "modern" they may trating and irritating levels of noise and distraction, little claim to be, they are all founded on overt or implied personal space or privacy, scant regard for cleanliness. violence, the denial of individual dignity and decency, You must exercise patience, consideration and disci- and a basic insensitivity to the value of human life. They pline to preserve peace and sanity. It will be difficult to are simply one inevitable link in a social chain that sleep, there will be blaring radios and TV's, slamming includes poverty, social alienation, unemployment, and bars, and loud arguments, which may make you irritable the organized theft on which private wealth is based, and short tempered. Learn to watch for this in others and which achieves its perfection in the massive organized try to respect their need for space. Time will be dis- violence of nuclear technology. torted. Days will slip by but each hour will seem like The experience of jail can provide a useful eternity. Food will be starchy and dull (don't expect introduction to the underside of American justice and vegetarian menus). You and several other prisoners will what is known as "The American Way of Life." As such, be locked up most of the day in a cell containing only a it is probably an experience at least as necessary to a well toilet, sink and a few bunks. rounded education as any time spent in a university (and You may be issued a uniform. In that case your clothes it costs less). It is a side of life that is experienced by will be confiscated along with all your other belongings. millions and yet remains generally hidden and invisible You can expect a complete strip search, possibly in- to most of us. cluding rectal and vaginal examination for contraband, For jail is a kind of home for the poor. This is not to say which will be the first of many other casual assaults on its residents have broken no laws—though many, simply your dignity. awaiting trial, have been convicted of nothing. The point You will learn to wait, for a phone call, a shower, a is that the bail system, the determination of sentences, meal, the answer to a question, the time of day. The and the central respect given to property before human granting of the simplest courtesy, privileges or rights life in our court system, discriminate against the poor. will be subject to the arbitrary whim of a particular guard The very definitions of crime in our society select against those crimes committed by the poor. Therefore it is possible to say that people sit in jail less for a charge on which they are arrested than because they could not afford to pay a fine, to raise bail, to hire a better lawyer; because they have no property to mortgage or influential friends to guarantee their bond. Generally speaking, jail impoverishes them further; people are not improved by the experience. For those who land there as a consequence of con- scious decisions, jail can present an opportunity for testing and strengthening spiritual and politic fl convic- tions. Though it should not be courted imprudently, it is something that must be faced and can certainly be endured. Those arrested as a result of civil disobedience have the advantage over most prisoners of knowing that they are there having made a conscious choice. That knowledge can make the difference between what is otherwise a thoroughly miserable situation and a larger possibility for reflection and education. What is more, it can provide you, when the time comes, with a reserve of strength of which you were previously unaware. Jail is a lonely place. It aims to weaken solidarity, to

June 14 CD Campaign Handbook 31 (with discretion) be prepared to explain the politics and MORE THAN HALF principles behind your arrest, don't expect that you are THE FIVE MILLION entitled to special privileges and treatment not extended PEOPLE IMPRISONED to other prisoners. On the other hand, just because your EACH YEAR ARE NOT CONVICTED OF CRIMES, body is detained doesn't mean you've got to turn in your BUT ARE AWAITING TRIAL, AND USUALLY, ARE conscience and convictions along with your other be- TOO POOR To MAKE longings. Whether in jail or on the "outside," the freedom we enjoy is always the freedom we claim for ourselves. Being under lock and key does not deprive you of your essential freedom as long as you continue to insist on your power to say "yes" or "no" within the limits of whatever situation you find yourself. It was your commitment to make decisions for yourself about what you should and shouldn 't do that landed you in jail in the first place, and it remains a good principle to live by, even in jail. You might prepare yourself in advance by trying to consider just what you are willing to consent to and where you would draw the line. Each person must answer this personally. One choice is to withhold consent from your imprisonment altogether, declining to voluntarily eat, walk, or obey commands. Or perhaps you are more selective, refusing to work or submit to rectal searches, conditions or commands that you feel trying to teach you to behave, submit, obey. This can are unjust or humiliating. In general, it is very difficult become horning and exhausting. You will experience for the authorities to take your dignity from you. They what it is like to be entirely subject to impersonal regu- prefer that you give it to them. At that point, they have lations and arbitrary and senseless demands. In this you succeeded in their ultimate goal, erecting an interior jail will also realize what it means to be poor in this society within you. and have to wait for welfare, unemployment lines, courts and the innumerable offices and bureaucrats to whom the poor must endlessly present themselves. The guards have a great deal of power and they are aware of this. And because they are human beings this knowledge tends to have a bad effect on them. Long exposure to jail, whether as a prisoner or a guard, tends to have a corrosive effect on one's confidence in human nature and goodness, and the guards are victims of this as well. They expect the worst out of people, and, not surprisingly, they are not often disappointed. Their principal concern is to preserve order, which demands an atmosphere of unquestioning respect (fear) for authority. This is their contribution to the process of "rehabilitation," supplanting personal responsibility with thoughtless obedience and submission. You should try not to indulge them in their exalted self-image. Keep expecting that they should act with respect and com- passion and you may be surprised by the results. There are other symbolic forms of resistance, refusing Perhaps you will surprise them into remembering that to walk yourself into your cell and be your own jailor, they and the prisoners in their charge share a common fasting from some or all meals. Of course, you should be humanity. At least you may establish a basis for dia- aware of the consequences of such "bad behavior" : logue. But at the same time that you recall the humanity these may involve the withholding of privileges, the of your guards don't forget that, in the end, you and they denial of "good time, or some form of isolation. In light have different jobs to perform. Let them be responsible of this, it may seem more sensible to just "do your time" for keeping order. You are responsible for keeping your and get it over with. conscience. Actually, you may find that doing time is easier when No distinction is likely to be made between you and you continue to insist, in some small way, on doing your other prisoners. You can expect to be treated as every- thinking for yourself. You will find in the end that you're one else, though sometimes prison authorities will cater stronger leaving jail than when you entered. You'll need to groups of demonstrators to create tension and resent- that strength for the outside. After all, our work will still ment in the other prisoners. Though you should always be ahead of us.

32 June 14 CD Campaign Handbook Affinity Groups and Support

Affinity groups are self-sufficient support systems of mission? (die-in, blockade, weaving, crossing barri- about 5 to 15 people who work together towards a cades, going under barricades, etc.). Be creative. common goal. If you are planning to do civil disobedi- —How does the group feel about noncooperation: going ence it is important to either form an affinity group or limp, on arrest, refusing to give 1.D., being finger- join an already existing one. Affinity groups serve as a printed, bail solidarity, and other ways of source of support and solidarity for their members. noncooperating. Feelings of being isolated or alienated from the move- ment, the crowd, or the world in general can be allevi- ROLES WITHIN THE AFFINITY GROUP ated through the familiarity and trust which develops when an affinity group works and acts together. By —Facilitator(s), vibes-watchers (see consensus section). —Spokesperson—to convey A.G. decisions to core sup- generating this familiarity the affinity group structure port and other A.G.'s. reduces the possibility of infiltration by outside provoca- —Media spokesperson—represents your A.G. to the teurs. However. participants should be prepared to be media. Be sure to tell reporters you are speaking for separated from the A.G.'s. Affinity groups will form the basic decision-making your A.G. only. bodies of the action. As long as they remain within the It is a good idea to rotate the above functions so no one nonviolent guidelines and nonviolence trainings, affinity gets bored or left out. groups are encouraged to develop any form of participa- Other functions, which are difficult to rotate, are: tion they choose. (If you do not plan to adhere to the —Contact person—receives information for the group. guidelines. please do not come.) —Medic Every affinity group must decide within itself how it —Support person(s): once you take on this responsi- will make decisions and what it wants to do. This process bility, you should see it through. starts when the affinity group forms. The group will decide what role it wants to play in the action and what SUPPORT legal stance it will take. If a new person asks to join an affinity group, they should find out what the group It can be hard for you to decide whether to do the civil believes in and what they plan to do, and decide if they disobedience or do support. It is important to empha- can share it. Some groups ask that all members share a size, that both roles are crucial to the success of the ac- tion and either choice will be encouraged. We strongly commitment to feminism, for example, or to nonviolence encourage those considering being support to go as a way of life. Others, which have specifically formed through nonviolence training. In making the decision, to do a particular action, might have less sweeping you could consider how each role will affect your family, agreements. job, and other commitments, as well as one's legal status A group cannot hope to reach consensus decisions (i.e. being on probation, a non-U.S. citizen, etc.). without having some base of agreement. Once a base is Support responsibilities include: agreed upon, working out the details of specific issues and actions is not as difficult as one might expect, pro- Before An Action viding that there is a willingness to go along with a good Help the affinity group decide upon and initiate their idea, even if it is someone else's. If you find that you action, provide physical and moral support, and share in cannot work effectively with your group, it might be the excitement and sense of determination. better to try to find another one. Affinity groups are usually formed during the non- —know the people in your group by name and by de- violence training sessions. It is a good idea to meet with scription your affinity group a few times before the action to get to —make sure the group fills out the Affinity Group know them if you are not already friends, and to discuss Check-In Sheet. the action and the role your affinity group will play. After —make a confidential list with the following informa- the action. it is also good to meet with your group to tion: evaluate and share experiences. name of arrestee name used for arrest whether or not individual wants to bail out SOME DECISIONS AFFINITY GROUPS WILL who arrestee would like contacted and under what cir- NEED TO MAKE FOR THIS ACTION cumstances Site selection. At which mission do you plan to demon- special medical information strate? —Hold money for emergencies, use in jail (if allowed) —Staging area. Which staging area and route will be and bail if desired. best for your group? —Hold I.D.s for J. Does in case they decide to give their —What type of activity will your group create at the mes

June 14 CD Campaign Handbook 33

—Take care of arrestee's cars. personal belongings, etc. AGENDA FOR THE NEXT AFFINITY GROUP MEETING(S) During the Action The time, date and place for the next affinity group —Keep in touch with protesters for as long as possible meeting should be set at the time of the training session. It knowing their arrest strategies (non-cooperation, no would be nice to arrange it around a lunch, dinner or some bail, etc.) Outing. be ready to follow police wagons or buses to police (The items and times below are only suggested.) stations or jails (see Legal section) Go Around on individual backgrounds (Half an Hour) if members of your affinity group are arrested . . —How you got involved —write down the individual's name, and the time and —Why you are interested in the June 14 CD Action. nature of the arrest. —etc. —note the activity of the person being arrested, and The Action (An Hour and a Half) their treatment by the arresting officer — if pos- —Which Mission do you want to block? sible, get the badge number. —How are you going to get to your Mission on Monday —keep track of who is non-cooperating and relay that morning? Where will you meet? information to the action headquarters. —What should we do if the police block access to the be there to greet folks when they are released. Missions? —Role Play: Dealing with someone who wants to throw rocks. Talking to an employee of a Mission who wants you to After Action—During Jail Time let him back into the building. Based on past NYC actions, it is unlikely that people After the Arrest (Two Hours) will be kept in jail for any length of time, unless they are Cooperation/Noncooperation non-cooperating. However, while there are people in jail —Discuss your feelings about noncooperation it is important for their supporters to be on hand. —Discuss how far you plan to noncooperate —Try to arrange for someone to be near the phone most —Discuss whether you would need to bail out right away of the time so that calls from jail may be received. (assuming we're asked to pay bail) —Be present during arraignments, and be sure to keep —How long would you consider remaining? accurate notes regarding future court dates and —Consensus Exercise: Should the whole group non- cooperate? charges. —Role Play: going limp; explaining to a guard that you You will probably be the go between for your A.G. won't submit to a strip search members who are not jailed together. Discuss with your support person the role you need her/ him to play. And Beyond —Court Time How to plead? Guilty, not guilty, nolo? —Help with rides to court appearances. Discuss your feelings about going to court; about going —Help gather legal information for pro se defendants pro se when asked. Issues and Politics (Two Hours) —Attend court appearances. —The Weapons/Power Connections Working with other Affinity Group support people will —Institutional Violence: Sexism, Racism, Gay Oppression —Nonviolence ease the load on you.

onsensus Decision-Making

WHAT IS CONSENSUS? from several. Consensus, on the other hand, is a process of synthesizing many diverse elements together. Consensus is a process for group decision-making. It Voting is a win or lose model, in which people are more is a method by which an entire group of people can come often concerned with the numbers it takes to "win" than to an agreement. The input and ideas of all participants with the issue itself. Voting does not take into account are gathered and synthesized to arrive at a final decision individual feelings or needs. In essence, it is a quanti- acceptable to all. Through consensus, we are not only tative, rather than qualitative, method of decision- working to achieve better solutions, but also to promote making. the growth of community and trust. With consensus people can and should work through differences and reach a mutually satisfactory position. It is possible for one person's insights or strongly held CONSENSUS VS. VOTING beliefs to sway the whole group. No ideas are lost, each Voting is a means by which we choose one alternative member's input is valued as part of the solution.

34 June, 14 CD Campaign Handbook THE JUNE 14 CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE CAMPAIGN reservations or stand aside or leave the group, it may not AND CONSENSUS be a viable decision even if no one directly blocks it. This is what is known as a "lukewarm" consensus and it is It is for all the above reasons that the June 14 Civil just as desirable as a lukewarm beer or a lukewarm bath. tip Disobedience Campaign has structured its decision- If consensus is blocked and no new consensus can be aking process on consensus and encourages affinity reached, the group stays with whatever the previous de- m groups to become familiar with and use consensus in cision was on the subject, or does nothing if that is own decision-making. applicable. Major philosophical or moral questions that will come up with each affinity group will have to be WHAT DOES CONSENSUS MEAN? worked through as soon as the group forms.

Consensus does not mean that everyone thinks that ROLES IN A CONSENSUS MEETING t heeven decision made is necessarily the best one possible, or that they are sure it will work. What it does mean is There are several roles which, if filled, can help con- that in coming to that decision, no one felt that her/his sensus decision-making run smoothly. The facilitator(s) position on the matter was misunderstood or that it aids the group in defining decisions that need to be wasn't isn't given a proper hearing. Hopefully, everyone will made, helps them through the stages of reaching an think it is the best decision; this often happens because, agreement, keeps the meeting moving, focuses dis- when it works, collective intelligence does come up with cussion to the point at hand, makes sure everyone has better solutions than could individuals. the opportunity to participate, and formulates and tests to see if consensus has been reached. Facilitators help to FORMING THE CONSENSUS PROPOSALS direct the process of the meeting, not its content. They never make decisions for the group. If a facilitator feels During discussion a proposal for resolution is put for- too emotionally involved in an issue or discussion and ward. It is amended and modified through more dis- cannot remain neutral in behavior, if not in attitude, then cussion, or withdrawn if it seems to be a dead end. s/ he should ask someone to take over the task of facili- During this discussion period it is important to articulate tation for that agenda item. differences clearly. It is the responsibility of those who A vibes-watcher is someone besides the facilitator are having trouble with a proposal to put forth who watches and comments on individual and group alternative suggestions. feelings and patterns of participation. Vibes-watchers The fundamental right of consensus is for all people to need to be especially tuned in to the sexism of group be able to express themselves in their own words and of dynamics. their own will. The fundamental responsibility of con- A recorder can take notes on the meeting, especially of sensus is to assure others of their right to speak and be decisions made and means of implementation and a heard. Coercion and trade-offs are replaced with time-keeper keeps things going on schedule so that each creative alternatives, and compromise with synthesis. agenda item can be covered in the time allotted for it (if When a proposal seems to be well understood by discussion runs over the time for an item, the group may everyone, and there are no new changes asked for, the or may not decide to contract for more time to finish up). facilitator(s) can ask if there are any objections or reser- Even though individuals take on these roles, all par- vations to it. If there are no objections, there can be a call ticipants in a meeting should be aware of and involved in for consensus. If there are still no objections, then after a moment of silence you have your decision. Once con- sensus does appear to have been reached, it really helps ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR WHICH HELP A to have someone repeat the decision to the group so GROUP REACH CONSENSUS everyone is clear on what has been decided. —Responsibility: Participants are responsible for DIFFICULTIES IN REACHING CONCENSUS voicing their opinions, participating in the discussion, and actively implementing the agreement. If a decision has been reached, or is on the verge of —Self-discipline: Blocking consensus should only be being reached that you cannot support, there are several done for principled objections. Object clearly, to the ways to express your objections: point, and without putdowns or speeches. Non-support ("I don't see the need for this, but go Participate in finding an alternative solution. along.") —Respect: Respect others and trust them to make Reservations ("I think this may be a mistake but I can responsible input. live with it.") —Cooperation: Look for areas of agreement and Standing aside ("I personally can't do this, but I won't common ground, and build on them. Avoid competi- stop others from doing it.") tive, right/wrong, win/lose thinking. Blocking ( " I cannot support this or allow the group to —Struggle: Use clear means of disagreement—no support this. It is immoral." If a final decision violates putdowns. Use disagreements and arguments to someone's fundamental moral values they are obligated learn, grow, and change. Work hard to build unity in to block consensus.) the group, but not at the expense of the individuals Withdrawing from the group. who are its members. Obviously, if many people express non-support or

June 14 CD Campaign Handbook 35 the issues, process, and feelings of the group, and advance. should share their individual expertise in helping the In the event that unplanned for circumstances arise in group run smoothly and reach a decision. This is the middle of an action, a quick decision-making process especially true when it comes to finding compromise needs to be implemented. It helps to have selected a agreements to seemingly contradictory positions. facilitator in advance. Obviously a recorder and a time- keeper are not needed. THE ROLE OF CONSENSUS DURING AN ACTION It will be the facilitator's duties to quickly and succinctly articulate the problem to be discussed and to It is clear that consensus is a time consuming activity. eliminate those points where agreement has already It is therefore important for affinity groups to make their been reached. It is the responsibility of everyone in the fundamental decisions prior to going into an action. group to keep the discussion to a minimum (remember. Questions. such as: How do we respond to police activity you may have to act quickly). If your point has been made designed to keep us away from the site of the action? by someone else, there is no need to restate it. A calm What do we do if faced with a provocateur in our group or approach and clear desire to come to an agreement a nearby group? What do we do if the action changes quickly can help the process. Strong objections should focus or scope at the last moment?, are best decided in be limited to matters of principle.

vercoming Male Oppression

Many of the problems we run into in movement Putdowns and one-up-manship. "I used to believe groups are those of domination within the movement. that, but now or "How can you possibly say People join a social change movement in order to that ... ?" alleviate an external problem. Too often we are con- Negativism. Finding something wrong or problemati- fronted with the same kind of behavior we find in our cal in everything. everyday lives. We're all too often stifled by heavy- Focus transfer. Transferring the focus of the dis- handed authority: bosses at work, parents or spouse at cussion to one's own pet issues in order to give one's own home and teachers at school. pet raps. People want not only to be accepted in these groups Residual office holder. Hanging on to formal powerful but also to make a contribution and be active partici- positions. pants. In order to work successfully to change things we Self-listening. Formulating a response after the first must also pay attention to our own behavior. More often few sentences, not listening to anything from that point than not, men are the ones dominating group activity. on and leaping in at the first pause. Such behavior is therefore termed a "masculine George Custerism. Intransigency and dogmatism; behavior pattern" not because women never act that taking a last stand for one's position on even minor way, but because it is generally men who do it. items. Men are beginning to take responsibility for their Avoiding feelings. Intellectualizing, withdrawing into behavior. The following are some of the more common passivity or making jokes when it's time to share problems to become aware of. personal feelings. Hogging the show. Talking too much, too long and too loud. ME. ME. ME. ME. Me. ME.ME.ME. ME Problem solver. Continually giving the answer or ME ME.Me. ME. ME. ME. Me, ME ME. ME ME. ME. ME. ME ME. ME solution before others have had much chance to ME. ME. ME. ME. Me. contribute. Speaking in capital letters. Giving one's own solutions or opinions as the final word on the subject, often aggra- vated by tone of voice and body posture. Defrnsiveness. Responding to every contrary opinion as though it were a personal attack. Nitpicking. Pointing out minor flaws in statements of others and stating the exception to every generality. Restating. Especially what a woman has just said perfectly clearly. Attention seeking. Using all sorts of dramatics to get the spotlight. Task and content focus. To the exclusion of nurturing

individuals or the group through attention to process and form.

36 June 14 CD Campaign Handbook Condescension and paternalism. "Now, do any women have something to add?" Being "on the make. - Treating women seductively; using sexuality to manipulate women. Seeking attention and support from women while competing with men. GOT THE Running the show. Continually taking charge of tasks before others have a chance to volunteer. Graduate studentitis. Protectively storing key group BAD-NEWS BLUES? information for one's own use and benefit. Speaking for others. "A lot of us think that we should . . . " or "What so and so really meant was . . . "

The full wealth of knowledge and skills is severely limited by such behavior. Women and men who are less assertive than others or who don't feel comfortable participating in a competitive atmosphere are, in effect, cut off from the interchange of experience and ideas. If sexism isn't ended within social change groups there can't be a movement for real social change. Not only will the movement flounder amidst divisiveness, but the crucial issue of liberation from sex oppression will not be dealt with. Any change of society which does not include the freeing of women and men from oppres- sive sex role conditioning, from subtle as well as blatant forms of male supremacy, is incomplete. Here are some specific ways we can be responsible to ourselves and others in groups: Not interrupting people who are speaking. We can even leave space after each speaker, counting to five before speaking. Becoming a good listener. Good listening is as . . . Are reports of bigger bombs, shrinking so- important as good speaking. It's important not to with- cial services and Moral Majority crusades get- draw when not speaking; good listening is active ting you down? Are even your favorite left-wing participation. magazines mired in Reagan-esque gloom? Getting and giving support. We can help each other be Well, there is an alternative! For 16 years, one aware of and interrupt patterns of domination, as well as magazine has followed the people who are doing affirm each other as we move away from those ways. it is something about war, poverty and injustice. important that men support and challenge each other, Draft resisters, antinuclear protesters, femin- rather than asking women to do so. This will also allow ists, conversion organizers, Indian activists, the women more space to break out of their own conditioned Anti-Klan Network—these are just a few of the role of looking after men's needs while ignoring their folks who appear on the pages of WIN Magazine own. every two weeks. Subscribe to WIN and get the Not giving answers and solutions. We can give our good news about the growing nonviolent move- opinions in a manner which says we believe our ideas to ment for social change. be valuable, but no more important than others' ideas. Relaxing. The group will do fine without our anxiety attacks. I No more bad-news blues for me. Here's $20, Not speaking on every subject. We need not share send me a year of WIN. every idea we have, at least not with the whole group. Here's $11. try WIN for six months. Not putting others down. We need to check ourselves Here's $1 for a sample copy . when we're about to attack or "one-up" another. We can ask ourselves, "Why am I doing this? What am I Name feeling? What do I need?" I Interrupting others' oppressive behavior. We should IAddress take responsibility for interrupting a brother who is exhibiting behavior which is oppressive to others and City/State/Zip prohibits his own growth. It is no act of friendship to Send your order to: allow friends to continue dominating those around them. WIN/326 Livingston St./Brooklyn, NY 11217 We need to learn caring and forthright ways of doing this. June 14 CD Campaign Handbook 37 Calendar Special Session on Disarmament

JUNE 2-4: WOMEN OF THE WORLD IN ACTION JUNE 8 - 11: INTERNATIONAL PEACE ACTIVISTS for Peace—Women from the U.S. and around the Conference—Delegates from peace organizations world will meet to discuss the concerns of women and around the world. to formulate women's demands for peace. (Women's JUNE 11:INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS CONVO- International League for Peace and Freedom, cation—Inter-religious celebration bringing together 215-563-7110) spiritual leaders from around the world to pray with JUNE 5, 6, 7: THEATER FOR THE NEW CITY—A one voice for future generations. (Religious Task series of disarmament plays and theatrical produc- Force, 85 S. Oxford St., Brooklyn, NY 11217; tions. 212-858-6882) JUNE 6: BREAD AND PUPPET PAGEANT AND DATE TO BE SET: WITNESS FOR SURVIVAL— the International Orchestra and Choruses—A col- Local religious events in the inner city community, led laboration effort between musical and theatrical by local religious leaders with international delegates groups. Pageant/puppet show to the last movement to link military spending and human needs. of Beethoven's 9th Symphony. Cast of 450, song- JUNE 12: RALLY AND MARCH FOR DISARMA- sheets provided. ment—Central Park. (June 12th Rally Committee, JUNE 7: WELCOME RALLY FOR WORLD PEACE 853 Broadway, Rm. 2109, New York, NY 10003; Marchers—All day vigil at the U.N. the day the five 212-460-8980) different walks arrive in NYC. (International Liason JUNE 13: NONVIOLENCE TRAINING SESSIONS Office, Riverside Church, 490 Riverside Dr., New for civil disobedience participants. (June 14 CD York, NY 10027; 212-749-3810) Campaign, 339 Lafayette St., New York, NY 10012; JUNE 7-JULY 9: PLOWSHARES COFFEE HOUSE— 212-777-4737) Meeting place, speakers, programs, literature. (Fellowship of Reconciliation, Box 271, Nyack, NY JUNEngGATHERi 13: INTERNATIONAL OPEN AIR 10960; 914-358-4601) JUNE 8 - 10:REVERENCE FOR LIFE—A CON- JUNE 14: BLOCKADE THE ference of religious leaders, congregation members, -CivilBOMBMAKERS- Disobedience at the U.N. Missions of the 5 and religious activists coming together to share, nuclear nations (with emphasis on the U.S.). (CD worship, and strategize towards building a massive, Campaign address above) international religious peace movement. (Reverence JUNE 18, 25, & JULY 2, 9: VIGILS AT US AND USSR for Life Steering Committee, 45 E, 78th St. , New missions in support of nuclear weapons freeze. York, NY; 212-858-6882) (AFSC, 18 Rutherford Pl., New York, NY 10003).

understand they're beginning to get concerned about nuclear proliferation' AFFINITY GROUP SIGN-IN SHEET

Name of Affinity Group, Contact Person/Spoke Name Address Phone 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13_ 14 15 16 Support People 17 18 19 20

Which Mission does your group want to blockade?

Each affinity group should fill out this form 3 times: —Please mail one to the Campaign office immediately. (339 Lafayette St., New York, NY 10012) —When someone from your group signs in for the group on Sunday afternoon, please bring one copy of this form at that time. —Have the support person for the group keep the third copy, so you can stay in touch.

June 14 CI) Campaign Handbook 39 Photo Captions and Credits

Page 8 Lower left—Sand Toler, Washington Post. Page 18 Lower left— UN die-in, May 27, 1978. Photoin Francefo r peace Upper right—Peg Averill/AFP/LNS Janet Charles. Middle right—March for peace in France. Page 9 Erica Weihs Photo by Kate Donnelly.

Page 10 Photo by Janet Charles Page 22 Department of Energy Sit-In, 1979. Photo by Maureen Weaver. Page 12 Freedom march. Photo by Diana Davies. Page 24 Wall Street Action, 1979. Photo by Jay Bender. Page 13 Upper—Cinday Fredrick/LNS Lower—Gary Huck/Rothco Page 25 Lower left—Malcolm Handcock Middle right—Occupation of Seabrook nuclear Page 14 Left—Woolworth lunchcounter sit-in, Greens- power plant. boro, North Carolina, 1960. UPI. Right— Weaving in front of the doors of the Page 27 Sit-in for Survival contingent during May 27, Pentagon during Women's Pentagon Action, 1978 march. Photo by Doug Magee. 1981. Photo by Paula Allen. Page 28 Seabrook. August, 1976. Photo by Lionel Page 15 Left—Occupation of Shoreham nuclear power Delevigne. plant, Long Island, 1979. Photo by C. Bortez. Right—Mass civil disobedience at the Penta- Page 29 Blocking New York City Armed Forces Day gon, 1967. Photo by Maury Englander. parade, 1981. Photo by Grace Hedemann.

Page 16 Lower left—Charles Scheiner Page 31 LNS. Upper right—Robert Minor

NOTES