12 Preparation for COP4

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Environmentally sound management of POPs pesticides wastes

Regional training workshop on BAT/BEP, PCBs and POPs wastes 16 – 20 November 2009, Beijing, China

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

ESM of POPs pesticides wastes

1. Legislative framework 12 Preparation for COP4

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Legislative framework • Technical guidelines (e.g. on ESM of POPs wastes) are non-legislative framework to complement national laws • Parties have to ensure that national legislation are in conformity with the obligations under the Conventions: – Phase-out dates for production, use and disposal – Specifications for containers, equipment and storage sites – Health and safety provisions – Requirements for treatment and disposal facilities – Public participation – Inventories and remediation of contaminated sites – Other legislative controls including emergency plans, accident response, waste prevention, management plans, etc.

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

ESM of POPs pesticides wastes

2. Waste prevention and minimization 12 Preparation for COP4

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Waste prevention and minimization

• Identification of the production of unintentional POPs and determine whether BAT and BEP can be applied • Definition of the processes that use POPs and generate POPs wastes and whether alternatives or ways to reduce POPs production exist • Identification of POPs products and articles, as well as alternatives • Minimization of the volume of POPs waste generated by preventing contamination of other wastes, regular maintenance of equipment, etc.

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

ESM of POPs pesticides wastes

3. Inventory 12 Preparation for COP4

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Identification of POPs pesticides wastes

• POPs wastes can be liquid and solid or released as gases • Sources of POPs wastes – Obsolete stockpiles of pesticide POPs – Liquid and solid technical-grade material – Contaminated materials such as storage walls, slabs, packaging materials, spray pumps, hoses, etc. – Contaminated soil, sediment, sewage sludge, water, foodstuff, animal feeds, treated seeds, etc.... • Required knowledge – Information on POPs articles and products (e.g. manufacturers, trade names, production, uses, etc.)

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Inventory

• National inventory on POPs is part of the National Implementation Plans (NIPs) under the Convention • Often preliminary inventory - more detailed ones may be needed for ESM • Inventories should contain information on:

– Production of POPs in the country – Import/export of POPs products and articles – Disposal of POPs waste – Import/export of POPs waste 12 Preparation for COP4

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

General principles • Cooperation between the relevant authority and producers, users, customs offices and national focal points • Long-term commitment by government • Collect information on an ongoing basis • Standard Approach - use Standard Formats (FAO): – Site plan – Store Plan – Risk Analysis • Computerized database system for storage of information • Government regulations to ensure that owners report their storage of POPs waste and cooperate

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Pre-inventory: we do not know anything?

1. Stakeholder analysis: who owns pesticides?

• National Committee established with main stakeholders

• Problems can be ”unexpected owners”: – Health Sectors (hospitals or clinics) – Old deserted plantations – Old Dump sites – Railways –Customs – Ministry of Defense – Research Departments – Laboratories 12 Preparation for COP4

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Five basic steps for conducting an inventory 1. Consult with key industries owning large quantities of POPs, as well as with non- governmental organizations in order to seek their assistance 2. Train personnel responsible for conducting the inventory 3. Conduct several trial audits that generate preliminary data for the inventory 4. Develop policy or regulations requiring owners to report POPs 5. Implement the inventory plan by Inventory personnel in putting data into and updating a personal protective national inventory database and equipment before the start of by testing the data through site the inventory. inspections

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Forgotten DDT store of health clinic

Now behind new hospital huge DDT store: more than 40 years old 12 Preparation for COP4

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Unconventional stores

• Outside Store: burials

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Drilling profile at 1.5 m depth: pure DDT 12 Preparation for COP4

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Inside Store

– Pesticide Form

– Contaminated Building Material

– Contaminated Equipment

– Contaminated Soil (+around + below store)

–Etc.

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Contaminated equipment 12 Preparation for COP4

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Label Reading: Classification Personal Protection Equipment

FAO

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/AGRICULT/AGP/AGPP/Pestici d/Disposal/en/index.html 12 Preparation for COP4

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

ESM of POPs pesticides wastes

4. Sampling, analysis and monitoring

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Sampling, analysis and monitoring Assess the quality and concentration of the POPs waste •Principles: – Train personnel – Use approved methods – Carry out quality controls in order to generate useful data • Analysis: – Determine POPs concentration – Requires laboratory infrastructure (accreditation) • Monitoring: – Assess whether ESM is functioning – Demonstrate changes in the quality of the environment – Identify problems to take corrective measures 12 Preparation for COP4

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Practical Aspects: Sampling

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Sampling of liquid pesticides for analysis: Overalls, gloves and eye protection are necessary items of the personal protective equipment. 12 Preparation for COP4

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Practical Aspects: GPS + digital cameras + recharging batteries

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Prioritization of sites Set risk factors for each site – Risk factor for Pesticides (Fp) based on: • Toxicity of pesticide • Likelihood of exposure (condition of containers) • Quantity – Risk factor for Environment (Fe) based on questionnaire: • Condition of the store (e.g. walls and roof) • Location of the store (e.g. near water course, habitation) • Management of the store (e.g. what’s stored) 12 Preparation for COP4

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Risk Matrix 100%

HIGH PESTICIDE CRITICAL SITES RISK ONLY

HIGH NON-PRIORITY ENVIRONMENTAL SITES RISK ONLY Fp* - normalised risk factor of the pesticide 0% 0% Fe - environmental risk factor 100%

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants example

Site Prioritization through a Graphic Approach Paşcani Lăpuşna

Pervomaiscoe 200 Drăguşenii-Noi Bujor Bujor

Stolniceni

Logăneşti

Logăneşti

Bobeica

Dr ăguşenii-Noi

Fundul Galbenei

Mer eş-Agro

Mer eş-Agro

Cărpineni

Paşcani Sof ia

100 Sof ia Sofia From Low Negropomvit to High Negropomvit Negropomvit Fărlădeni

Bobeica Buţeni

Stolniceni Secăreni

Crasnoarmeiscoie Buţeni Minjir Lăpuşna Oneşti Cărpineni Boghiceni C- Morii Mereş-Agro Oneşti Logăneşti Crasnoarmeiscoie Leuşeni Sărata-galbenă Logăneşti Pervomaiscoe Minjir Ranking of sites according to F(in) Fărlădeni Leuşeni SRL Victoter-Agro Sărata-galbenă Sofia Mereş-Agro Negropomvit C-Morii Car ac ui 0 Secăreni 0.0Ranking of sites according to F(env) 30.0 60.0 SRL Victoter-Agro