Origin and Objectives to This Assignment To
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BASIC DATA ON THE PILOT AREA 1. Introduction: origin and objectives to this assignment To be inserted. 2. Project background To be inserted. 3. Characteristic features of the pilot area 3.1. Description of physical-geographical peculiarities 3.2. Climate dynamics 3.3. Natural resources To be provided by Dumitru Galupa. Overview of social, economic and natural elements of the pilot area In this section the general overview of the pilot area are presented. The materials follow the principal features of the communes and intended to identify common and specific aspects of the communities forming the pilot area. General The Lapusnita river catchment is located at the territory of two administrative units (Judet) subdivided by three administrative sub-units (Sectors). The upper part of the river catchment is associated with the Nisporeni Sector (Ungheni Judet), the middle one – with the Hincesti Sector (Lapusna Judet) and the downstream – with the Leovo Sector (Lapusna Judet). There are 15 communes completely or partly lies within the boundaries of the basin. The eight communes associated with the middle and downstream part of the river basin has been selected as a pilot area. The selected communes named as Pascani, Lapusna, Sofia, Negrea, Carpineni, Minjir, Voinescu, and Toc hile Raducani. Area The total surface area of the pilot areas is around 50,000 ha, where 18 villages are situated. The individual communes covers from 5,5 to 27,2% from the total area. The biggest commune is Carpineni, but the smallest ones are Negrea and Voinescu. Table …… The territory and settlements of the communes (2001 year) in the pilot area. Commune Villages associated Principal village Area, ha % from total area Pascani Pascani, Cornesti, Pereni, Pascani 4976 10,0 Secareni, Secarenii Noi Lapusna Lapusna, Anini, Rusca Lapusna 8921 17,8 Sofia Sofia, Balceana Sofia 4329 8,7 Negrea Negrea Negrea 2725 5,5 Carpineni Carpineni, Horjesti Carpineni 13614 27,2 Minjir Minjir, Semionovca Minjir 7602 15,2 Voinescu Voinescu Voinescu 2775 5,6 Tochile-Raducani Tochile-Raducani, Sarata-Razesi Tochile-Raducani 5048 10,1 Total per pilot 49990 100,0 area Population The total population of the pilot area in the year 2001 is 43,238 Inhabitants. There are more than 14,000 family (households) lives in the selected villages with average family size of 2,9 members. Table …. Population structure (2000 year) of the pilot area Commune Population, inhabitants % from total population Pascani 4993 11.5 Lapusna 6880 15.9 Sofia 3630 8.4 Negrea 2301 5.3 Carpineni 12678 29.3 Minjir 6048 13.9 Voinescu 3461 8.0 Tochile-Raducani 3247 7.5 Total per pilot area 43238 100 The population in rural localities varies from 60 (Semionovca) to 11,614 (Carpineni) peoples per village. At the commune’s level the smallest is village Negrea populated by 5% and the biggest is vilage Carpineni aggregated 29% of people from the total number of inhabitants in pilot area. There are 4 villages (Lapusna, Carpineni, Minjir, Voinescu) can be categorized as big settlements with population exceeding 3,000 inhabitants. Six settlements as Cornesti, Secareni, Secarenii Noi, Anini, Rusca, and Semionovca are relatively small locations where less than 1,000 peoples in village are living. The rest eight villages (Pascani, Pereni, Sofia, Balceana, Negrea, Horjesti, Tochile-Raducani and Sarata-Razesi) can be grouped within the middle settlement cluster. The biggest communes are Carpineni, Lapusna, Minjir and Pascani aggregating in sum around 70% of inhabitants settled within the pilot area. The age and sex structures of population in the pilot area are presented in the tables below. Table …. Age structure of population (200..) in the pilot area Commune Total Under Able- Over able- population able- bodied bodied bodied inhabitant Number % number % number % s Pascani 3447 1267 36.8 1906 55.3 274 7.9 Lapusna 6734 1893 28.1 3994 59.3 847 12.6 Sofia 3546 1014 28.6 2146 60.5 386 10.9 Negrea 2256 628 27.8 1407 62.4 221 9.8 Carpineni 11228 3252 30.0 6656 59.3 1320 11.8 Minjir 5640 1814 32.2 3181 56.4 645 11.4 Voinescu 3443 1267 36.8 1902 55.2 274 8.0 Tochile-Raducani n.d.a. n.d.a. n.d.a. n.d.a. n.d.a. n.d.a. n.d.a. Total per pilot 36 294 11135 30.7 21192 58.4 3967 10.9 area 1 The age structure is slightly vary from village per village and, in general, the population in the pilot area is presented by 30,7% of children and teenagers, 58,4% of adults in working age, and 10,9% of pensioners. Table …. The sex structure of population (200..) in the pilot area Commune Total Men Women Proportion populati men/women on inhabitan number % Number % Under able- Able- Over able- ts bodied bodied bodied Pascani 3452 1754 49.5 1698 50.5 1.0 1.2 0.5 Lapusna 6762 3298 48.8 3464 51.2 0.9 1.1 0.6 Sofia 3559 1780 50.0 1779 50.0 1.2 1.0 0.5 Negrea 226 3 1139 50.3 1124 49.7 0.9 1.1 0.8 Carpineni 11520 5758 50.0 5762 50.0 1.1 1.1 0.6 Minjir 5670 2839 50.1 2831 49.9 1.2 1.1 0.6 Voinescu 3452 1754 50.8 1698 49.2 1.0 1.2 0.5 Tochile-Raducani n.d.a. n.d.a. - n.d.a. - - - - Total per pilot 36678 183 22 50 18356 50 area 2 The sex proportion is 1:1 taking into consideration the whole population within the pilot area. This rate is different for the various age-related clusters. The men are slightly prevailing in the youngest cluster and within the adult population. Within the pensioners women are dominated. Economic structure The agro-industrial and mostly developed zone is commune Carpineni and Minjir. In these both communities the biggest producers of flour, fodder and grains and bakery products are located. Both communities produced certain amount of meat products and vegetable oil as well. In village Minjir the canning factory is operated and proceeds tomatoes, fruit juices and vegetable cans. The vine production is developed in all communes. The most of the vine factories are dealing with preparation of vine materials. The production of bottled vine is linked primarily to the Carpineni facility. Currently the biggest vine producers in the region are Carpineni, Lapusna, Pascani factories. At the same time a small-scale agro-processing activity is recognized in all localities. The small mills, grain crusher, vegetable oil press, bakery, etc. are available in the most of villages, especially with relatively big population size. There are also machinery re paration centers are based on the former tractor brigades or collective farm’s garages. The fertilization of lands is reduced significantly in the region. Sporadically agro- associations of farmers can purchase the mineral nitrogen fertilizers in order to fertilize limited areas. The phosphorous and potassium fertilizers are not used last 5- 7 years. Because of reduction of agricultural activity and financial limitation of farmers the application of pesticides and other crop protection chemicals is reduced virtually to a zero. Some time farmers applied chemicals for protection of fruit trees and grape 1 without Tochile-Raducani 2 without Tochile-Raducani bushes. By this reason the former capacities of pesticide and mineral fertilizers storage places is not in use. The buildings in majority of cases are open and damaged. The organic fertilizers are not in use as well, except very little application practices at the households yards. The principal activity of local farmers is crop agriculture. The cultivation of lands for growing of crops are general demonstration characteristic of the region. The major crops planting at the arable fields are maize (used as a grain and silage) and wheat. The other kinds of grain-crops are secondary important. The leguminous crops are presented by mainly by the pea or bean plantations. The technical crops are only locally important, and the sun-flowers are usually dominated within the harvesting structure. In some areas the sugar beet, tobacco or soy-beans are planting. Among the vegetables the cabbage, cucumber, tomatoes, beat and carrot are more frequently harvested by local farmers. The potato plantations are predominantly allocated at the households’ plots. The vineyard maintenance is also an evident element of local communities. The grape plantations were shared between farmers at different places in the commune. Land use The existing general structure of the lands in the pilot area is demonstrated in the table ….. Table…. General land-use categories (in ha) in the pilot area Community Total Agricultu Forests Wetlands Water Roads Settleme Other area ral nts Pascani 4976 3306 995 26 42 164 253 190 Lapusna 8921 5448 2687 105 42 242 229 168 Sofia 4329 2263 1583 4 16 110 144 209 Negrea 2725 1617 863 0 12 66 63 104 Carpineni 13614 10112 2250 24 134 286 546 262 Minjir 7602 5106 1483 52 369 178 191 223 Voinescu 2775 2283 124 0 60 85 132 91 Tochile- 5048 3924 536 13 154 176 138 107 Raducani Total per 49990 34059 10521 224 829 1307 1696 1354 pilot area % 100 68.1 21.0 0.5 1.7 2.6 3.4 2.7 In pilot area the agricultural lands are dominated and presents by over 68% from the total surface area. Various types of forests, including land erosion protection belts are covers 21%. A surface water bodies and wetlands area occupies around 2% of territory. The area covered by roads and settlements are occupies in total 6%.