Gateway Family

HistorianA PUBLICATION OF THE ST. LOUIS PUBLIC LIBRARY

Vol. 11, No. 1, 2011 ETHNIC SPOTLIGHT—

elcome to the twenty-ninth issue Free Blacks in Antebellum ofW the Gateway Family Historian.  is issue’s focus lavery was not formal law when the colony is a state that furnished of Maryland was rst settled in 1634.  ere were some slaves, but most black people were many immigrants to indentured servants who were contracted to an employer for a speci ed time, after which they were – Maryland. consideredS free men and women. As the demand for tobacco rose, the need for slaves also increased and the institution of slavery was codi ed into the legal system. PLEASE NOTE: Gateway A 1664 law made black people and their children “servants Family Historian is now a bi- for life.” Under the law, slaves were considered property annual publication. and could be bought and sold like any other commodity. Slaves had very few avenues of legal redress in cases of abuse.

Sadly, life in Maryland was not much easier for free blacks. In Prince George’s County, African Americans were considered free men and women only if they were: 1. Born free WHAT’S INSIDE 2. Manumitted by their owners Page 2 Venerated Ancestors 3. Purchased by a free family member 4. Freed by order of a judge/court Page 3 Did You Know? Free black men and women in Maryland had to carry legal proof of their free status Page 4 Site Seeing: or risk being sold into slavery. In Prince George’s County, they also had to carry proof that Useful Websites they were employed and had to obtain a license to sell any goods they produced. If they could not produce such documents on demand, they could be jailed and/or sold into slavery. Visits by black relatives or friends from outside the county were limited to ten days. If a black Page 5 New Arrivals resident left Maryland for more than thirty days without rst informing local authorities, he or she was not allowed to return. Page 6 They Came From... Maryland  e children of a free black man who married a slave woman were born slaves, while the children of a free black woman and a male slave were born free. Any child of a free black Page 7 Help!! couple had to nd employment as soon as possible or risk being apprenticed to a master chosen by the Maryland Orphan’s Court. Page 8 Contact Visit e Legacy of Slavery in Maryland at www.mdslavery.net/. Venerated Ancestors continued from page 2 8. Skordas, Gust. The Early Settlers Members and Record of Services sudden death in 1632, his son, Cecil, of Maryland: An Index to Names of and Ancestors. 1 vol. : The inherited the land and charter for Venerated Ancestors Immigrants Compiled From Records Society, 1905. H/G 929.3752. the settlement of “Maria Terra,” of Land Patents, 1633-1680, in the Contains family charts of Society of or Maryland (named for Henrietta Maryland Hall of Records. Baltimore: Colonial Wars members, many of Maria, wife of Charles I). Cecil thus Genealogical Publishing Company, which begin in the 1600s in Maryland, became the colony’s Lord Proprietor The St. Louis Maryland Hall of Records. Also situation whenever possible (names 1968. H/G 929.3752. Massachusetts, , and England. and the second Lord Baltimore. Public Library’s includes records on fi le from some of properties can also be obtained Immigrants are listed alphabetically Notations are made under the names He offered free land and religious genealogical county courts and individual ministers’ from bibliography items 1 and 3 by surname with the source and year of ancestors who served in Colonial freedom to persons who would collections registers. Listings are alphabetical above). of immigration provided along with an Wars and/or the American Revolution. help settle his colony (they had to provide by groom (with a bride’s index by indication of whether the person was Unit in which the ancestor served is be Christians, but didn’t need to be researchers with surname in the back of each volume). 5. Maryland Historical Magazine. involuntarily transported or paid his often provided. Catholic). A passenger list of these a wide variety Baltimore: Maryland Historical or her way. Notes sometimes indicate fi rst settlers of Maryland arriving on of published 3. Coldham, Peter Wilson. Settlers Society, 1 vol. 1906-current. ST-P. the county of origin in England and 10. Society of the Ark and the Dove. the ship Ark and the Dove in 1634 records, histories, of Maryland, 1679-1783. 5 vols. The Library owns a complete run the county of settlement in Maryland. The Ark and the Dove Adventurers. has been reconstructed in this work. indexes, and Baltimore: Genealogical Pub. Co., of this magazine, which contains Occupation, reason for immigration, Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Genealogies of their descendants to more covering 1966 and 1995. H/G 929.3752. genealogical and historical and relationship to other immigrants Company, 2005. H/G 929.3752. the fi fth generation (if any) are also the state of The author has abstracted and information. It is indexed by PERSI may also be provided. In 1632, Catholic King Charles I of included. Maryland, its 27 indexed land grants recorded at the (Periodical Source Index) and can be England granted George Calvert counties, and Maryland Land Offi ce. The calendars accessed via the HERITAGEQUEST 9. Society of Colonial Wars in the State (a Catholic convert) a huge tract the independent of the Maryland Land Registers are database. The Library also owns the of Maryland. Genealogies of the of land in Virginia. Upon George’s city of Baltimore. virtually complete from the earliest Maryland Genealogical Society’s Here is a years of the province and provide Bulletin (Baltimore: The Society, sampling: a clear picture of its settlement. In Vol. 6, 1965-current), which is also 1680, the headright system was indexed in PERSI. 1. Barnes, Robert W. British Roots of done away with; thereafter, land was Maryland Families. 2 vols. Baltimore: usually obtained only by purchase or 6. McIntire, Robert Harry. Annapolis, Genealogical Pub. Co., 1999. H/G as an award from the Proprietor. Each Maryland Families. 2 vols. Baltimore: Did You Know? } 929.3752. volume lists landowners alphabetically Gateway Press, Inc., 1980. H/G Under each surname, the author by surname; county where property 929.3752. Maryland Death has some burial records for early has copies of these records from notes the original location of the was located; name of property; Contains information abstracted Maryland counties from 1654-1720 1898-1972. family in Great Britain plus the number of acres; date surveyed or from thousands of birth and marriage Records and some church death and burial source where the information was patented; and reference. Marylanders records; records from churches Availability varies widely by county. indexes from 1686-1958. The State Department of Vital uncovered. A brief genealogy usually named their property. For of several denominations; plus The Maryland State Archives (MSA) of the immigrant ancestor and example, tracts belonging to Mr. cemetery, newspaper, and military Records consolidated the recording his descendants is provided Thomas Holliday have names such as records from the Annapolis area. Maryland experimented with an of city and county death records for along with a description of any “Holliday’s Choice” and “Tewksbury.” Families are listed alphabetically by attempt to record deaths and burials Maryland in 1972. MSA has copies progenitor’s coat-of-arms. Tracts This custom generally makes the progenitor with an every-name index by county between 1865 and 1884. of these records from 1972-2001. of surveyed land belonging to tracing of a particular piece of in each volume. Compliance was poor, but MSA family members in Maryland are property much easier and can also has a copy of the records that were The Guide to Government Records described by property name. Over give clues to the person’s background 7. O’Rourke, Timothy J. Maryland compiled. MSA also has copies of is the aid created by the MSA to 500 families are covered in Volume and European origins. Notes regarding Catholics on the Frontier: The Baltimore City Death Records from assist users in their quest to fi nd I; an additional 203 families (plus transported persons, guardianship, Missouri and Texas Settlements. additions and corrections to the fi rst subsequent marriages, or other legal Parsons, KS: Brefney Press, 1973. 1875-1972. Some of those records specifi c records. It describes record volume) are found in Volume II. matters are often included. H/G 929.3752. now exist only as a microfi lm copy; series that have been created by Although most pioneer families the original paper records were state agencies, whether at the state, 2. Barnes, Robert W. Maryland 4. Cotton, Jane Baldwin. Maryland mentioned in this book settled destroyed after fi lming. county, or municipal level. You can Marriages, 1634-1777. Also, Calendar of Wills. 16 vols. Baltimore: in Perry County, Missouri, and browse record listings by series, Maryland Marriages, 1778-1800; Genealogical Pub. Co, 1968–1995. various areas in Texas, all trace their The Maryland General Assembly agency, or record type. If you choose Maryland Marriages, 1801- and H/G 929.3752. colonial roots to southern Maryland. mandated the keeping of death record type, you can then search the 1820. 3 vols. Baltimore: Genealogical Contains abstracts of Maryland Genealogies of over 15,000 Catholic records at the county level in 1898. county agency series (arranged by Pub. Co., 1975, 1993, and 1978. All wills from the Prerogative Courts settlers are included, which traces located in H/G 929.3752. (1635-1777). An every-name index is the families back to Maryland, Unfortunately, initial compliance county of interest). Visit the Guide to Contains compilations of marriages included in the back of each volume. where they fi rst sought refuge from was poor, so records are spotty in Government Records at http://guide. abstracted from church records Special attention was given to the religious persecution in England. some counties as late as 1914. MSA mdsa.net/. found at Baltimore’s Maryland disposition of properties, including Historical Society or Annapolis’ the names of properties, acreage, and continued on next page

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Here are some recent additions to the explains how to nd information History & Genealogy Department in both free and fee-based Site Seeing collection. databases including occupational licensing boards, drivers license 1. Drake, Douglas. Founding of records, vehicle registration, voter Jewish Museum of Maryland Maryland Cemetery Records the Cumberland Settlements: e registration, criminal and prison www.jhsm.org/ www.interment.net/us/md/index.htm America’s leading museum of regional A list of records arranged by county First Atlas, 1779-1804, Showing records, tax records; and much Jewish history, culture, and community. available on the Interment.net website. Who Came, How ey Came, and more.  ere are also chapters Collections include works of art, historical Where ey Put Down Roots. covering the use of information photographs, clothing, ceremonial items, Maryland Census Indexes at the Gallatin, TN: Warioto Press, vendors and social networks such rare books, everyday objects, documents, Maryland State Archives 2009. H/G Oversize 912.768. as Myspace and Twitter. oral histories, and memorabilia. www.msa.md.gov/msa/refserv/html/  is beautifully illustrated censussearch.html Searchable indexes for the years 1776, book tells the story of the 4. Smith, Edith and Vivian 1778, 1870, and 1880. Cumberland Compact, its Lehman. No Land… Only Slaves. 18 vols. Balch Springs, TX: Authors, 2001-. H/G 929.376. Cyndi’s List-Maryland Includes slave conveyances and www.cyndislist.com/md.htm 2. e Family Tree Sourcebook: Your other records abstracted from the Includes an extensive categories list plus Essential Directory of American a list of related categories, all of which deeds of counties in Arkansas, County and Town Records. may prove useful to those researching Louisiana, and Texas. ancestors from the Cavalier State. , OH: Family Tree Categories include how-to; libraries, Magazine, 2010. H/G 929.l. 5. St. Louis Obituary Index, 2010. archives & museums; maps, gazetteers & Similar to (but more recent than) Keith B. Zimmer, comp. St. geographical information; mailing lists, e Handybook for Genealogists or Louis Public Library: 2011. H/G news groups & chat; military; and more. John F. Denny, Inc. Collection the Genealogist’s Address Book, this 071.7866. http://archives.ubalt.edu/denny/intro.htm Maryland Genealogy Search Engines directory provides state-by-state City Directories of the – Lists names from death notices Records of a mortuary that operated in www.searchforancestors.com/locality/us/ listings of archives, libraries, and Maryland Baltimore for 122 years. maryland.html and obituary listings in the www.uscitydirectories.com/md.htm societies, and spells out where to A directory of free, searchable databases. 2010 St. Louis Post-Dispatch. List of repositories that hold directories nd county records in every state. Arranged alphabetically by name for various Maryland cities. Maryland Regiments Addresses and websites for every signers, and the settlements of deceased and provides date www.civilwararchive.com/unionmd.htm county courthouse are provided, University of Baltimore Collection along Tennessee’s Cumberland of the obituary or death notice’s Dyer’s Compendium section for plus a summary of types of records Holdings List River. Includes biographies of appearance. Copies of the full Maryland Union Army regiments. each one houses, scope and content http://archives.ubalt.edu/collectlist.htm early settlers, lists of settlers entry can be ordered by e-mailing Finding aids for genealogical/historical of the records, and which o ce United States Resources – Maryland killed by Indians, and extensive [email protected]. Now includes materials held by the Special Collections to contact to procure each type www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/roots-l/usa/ plat maps of individual holdings coverage from 1880-1930; the Department. md.html of record. Also includes research superimposed over present day WWII years of 1942-1945; 1960- RootsWeb.com directory of Maryland summaries, tips and techniques, and Guide to Ethnic Research in Maryland topographical maps. For anyone 1970; 1975-1976; and 1992-2010. resources available online. state maps. http://guide.mdsa.net/viewer. with ancestors from the Tennessee cfm?page=ethnicresearch counties of Davidson, Macon, Lengthy bibliography with book, 3. Manual to Online Public Records: Maryland Casualties – Korean War Montgomery, Robertson, Sumner, periodical, and URL listings. A Researcher’s Tool to Using Online www.archives.gov/research/military/korean- or Williamson, this work provides war/casualty-lists/md-alpha.pdf Resources of Public Record and Public information and insight into the nd Provides name, service, rank, birth date, Information. 2 ed. Tempe, AZ: lives of the settlers who tamed the home of record, death date, and remains Facts on Demand Press, 2010. H/G savage wilderness. recovered (Y/N). 352.3870973. Shows researchers how to access online vital and court records;

Page 4 | Gateway Family Historian | Volume 11, No. 1, 2011 Page 5 They Came From . . . 1859 – John Brown launches raid from From 1856-1861, Warne worked on Maryland! Maryland on federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, West Virginia. investigations of what we would call 1632 – Maryland Charter granted to Lord soldiers fi ght at Battles of Long Island, White “white-collar crimes” for Pinkerton. Baltimore. Plains, and Harlem Heights. 1861 – Union Army Regiment attacked by In 1861, she helped Pinkerton Baltimore mob; attempt to assassinate 1777 – First General Assembly, elected 1633 – English settlers on Ark and the President Lincoln in Baltimore foiled. plan President-elect Lincoln’s train Dove sail from England to Maryland. under State Constitution of 1776, meets at Help!! Annapolis. trip from Spring eld, Illinois, to 1862– : 4,800 dead; 1649 – Virginia Puritans settle in Maryland. 18,000 wounded. Help!! Provides an opportunity Washington, D.C. Warne and four 1780-81 – Baltimore becomes port of entry. Maryland soldiers fi ght at both Camden and for readers to ask for assistance other undercover operatives discovered 1663 – Augustine Herrman becomes fi rst 1863 – Lee’s army passes through Cowpens in South Carolina. with genealogical queries. See a plan by Baltimore secessionists to naturalized citizen of Maryland. Washington County en route to Gettysburg, and later in retreat to Virginia. the Contact section for e-mail try and assassinate Lincoln. She was 1781 – Property of Loyalists and British 1664 – Slavery sanctioned by law; slaves Maryland troops fi ght on both sides at subjects confi scated. Maryland ratifi es and postal addresses. Put GFH- even able to ascertain details of the serve for life. Gettysburg. Articles of Confederation. HELP!! in the subject line. plot, and her discoveries convinced 1670 – Voting restricted by governor to 1865 – First statewide voter registration 1783-84 – Annapolis serves as national Pinkerton and Lincoln of the need to planters with 50-acre freehold or property system. John Wilkes Booth assassinates capital when Continental Congress meets Q: Help! Who was Kate Warne? deviate from the originally scheduled worth 40 pounds; offi ce holding restricted to President , then attempts there. owners of 1,000 acres or more. to escape through Prince George’s and presidential itinerary. Charles counties. 1672 – George Fox, founder of Religious 1788 – Maryland Convention ratifi es U.S. A: Kate Warne was the rst Constitution (Maryland is seventh state to Society of Friends, preaches in Anne 1872 – General Assembly mandates female detective employed by Warne continued to work with do so). Arundel County. Friends form Maryland separate but equal white and black Alan Pinkerton. She had to fast- Pinkerton during the Civil War – the Yearly Meeting. schools. talk Pinkerton to get him to hire two sometimes traveled together posing 1692 – Church of England made the 1890– German-born population of her as he had never employed a as a married couple. Her employment established church. Baltimore peaks (41,930 of 365,863). woman in a non-clerical position. with Pinkerton continued after the 1694-95 – Capital moves from St. Mary’s 1902 – Compulsory school attendance law Warne quickly convinced him that war until 1868, when she contracted City to Anne Arundel Town (later renamed passed. a woman could use her gender pneumonia and died suddenly at Annapolis). to great advantage in situations the age of 38. She is buried in the 1904 – Jim Crow Public Accommodations 1698 – Monopoly on slave trade of Royal Law enacted. where a man would be unable to Pinkerton family plot at Graceland Visit Kate Warne at http://en.wikipedia. African Company abolished by Parliament; 1789 – Maryland ratifi es federal Bill of Rights. gain the trust of the person being Cemetery in , Illinois. org/wiki/Kate_Warne. slave imports markedly increase. 1910 – Russian-born population of 1791 – Maryland cedes land for District of Baltimore peaks (24,798 of 558,485). investigated. 1718 – Catholics disenfranchised by Columbia. Assembly. 1918 – Maryland men serve in U.S. 29th 1794 – First of many yellow fever epidemics Infantry Division, which fi ghts at Battle of strikes Baltimore. 1727 – Maryland Gazette, fi rst newspaper Meuse-Argonne in France. 4,787 Maryland in the colony, published by William Parks at servicemen and women die during WWI. 1796 – Maryland law forbids import of Annapolis. Infl uenza epidemic sweeps through slaves for sale and permits voluntary slave Maryland (September-November). 1729 – Baltimore Town established by emancipation. charter. 1930 – Italian-born population of Baltimore We Could Use Your Help, Too… 1810 – Free blacks disenfranchised. peaks (9,022 of 804,874). 1741 – First Lutheran church in Maryland he St. Louis Public Library loves to help so many genealogists. We 1812 – U.S. declares war on Britain. established. 1941 – U.S.S. Maryland among Navy ships are sometimes asked if there is anything you can do to help us. If attacked at Pearl Harbor. 1742 – First Baptist church in Maryland 1814 – British fl eet lands troops for attack youT would like to support the Library, consider donating a copy of your on Washington, D.C. Bombardment of Fort established in Baltimore County. 1944 – Troops of 29th Infantry Division printed family history book, which we will gladly add to our permanent McHenry inspires Francis Scott Key to write (Maryland and Virginia) land at Normandy Star-Spangled Banner. collection. We also appreciate Missouri county, town histories, and 1744 – Native-American chiefs of the Six on Omaha Beach; later captured Saint-Lo, Nations relinquish by treaty all claims to France, and takes part in Battle for Brest. compilations of Missouri county records. land in colony. Assembly purchases last 1826 – Jewish enfranchisement. Indian land claims in Maryland. 1945 – 4,375 Maryland servicemen and 1827 – Baltimore and Ohio Railroad women die during WWII. ou might also consider making a Tribute donation through the 1745 – Daniel Dulany laid out Frederick chartered. St. Louis Public Library Foundation. Tributes allow you to donate Town and invited German settlement. 1950-53 – 531 Maryland servicemen and 1832 – In aftermath of the 1831 Nat Turner tax-deductibleY funds for the purchase of books or materials that will be women die during Korean War. 1755 – French-speaking Catholics arrive in Rebellion in Virginia, Maryland enacts laws added to the genealogy collection. You can honor a family that you are researching or to restrict free blacks. Baltimore from Nova Scotia. 1961-75 – 1,014 Maryland servicemen an individual of your choice with a bookplate that is added to each Tribute item.  is and women die during Vietnam Confl ict. 1776 – Colonel William Smallwood 1838 – Frederick Douglass escapes from program bene ts the Library and your fellow genealogists. If you would like to consider organizes First Battalion of Maryland slavery in Baltimore. making a Tribute gift, visit the Foundation’s website at www.slplfoundation.org.  anks to (forerunner of Maryland Line). Maryland all our readers for your continuing support of the Library!

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Co-editors: HistorianCynthia Millar & Thomas A. Pearson

A co-publication of the History & Genealogy and Special Collections Departments.

www.slpl.org St. Louis Public Library 1415 Olive Street St. Louis, MO 63103 314-539-0385 Fax: 314-539-0393 E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]

accommodated. Seating is limited. Please call in advance so we can have your materials ready and a place for you to study when you arrive. To reserve your Contact!NOW OPEN! space, call 314-539-0385. Our Town— Compton Library/Research Facility You may send requests for obituary and Events at the St. Louis 1624 Locust Street other newspaper copies to [email protected]. Public Library Requests for copies from genealogy books St. Louis, MO 63103-1802 and periodicals can be made to cmillar@ M-F: 9 a.m.-5 p.m. Check the St. Louis Public Library Events slpl.org. Calendar (www.slpl.org/events/calendar. First Saturday of the Month: asp) to fi nd up-to-the-minute listings of 9 a.m.-5 p.m. The St. Louis Public Library’s website what’s happening at all St. Louis Public FREE onsite parking. is slpl.org. It contains our online catalog, Library locations! events calendar, special indexes for St. Louis historical and biographical During Central Library’s restoration and Compton Library is home to our materials, an index of selected St. Louis renewal, genealogy and military history pro- Government Documents Collection Post-Dispatch newspaper obituaries, death grams are being held at the Buder Branch. as well as genealogy and local history notices, burial permits, and an archive of materials. Items from Special Collections Buder Branch past issues of this newsletter. are not stored at Compton, but most can 4401 Hampton be delivered there upon request. St. Louis, MO 63109-2237 The History & Genealogy Department’s 314-352-2900 blog is located at http://hgdept.blogspot.com/. Compton’s focus is on the needs of It’s also easy to be added to our program researchers. It is not a full-service notifi cation list. Simply e-mail tpearson@ Branch, so only patrons requiring slpl.org and use NOTIFY in the subject line. access to its specialized materials and subject specialists can be