CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE TERRESTRIALTERRESTRIAL ARTHROPODARTHROPOD FAUNAFAUNA OFOF THETHE CORVO ISLANDISLAND (AZORES)(AZORES)

VIRGÍLIO VIEIRA

VIEIRA,VIEIRA , VIRG~L~OVIRGíLIO 1994.1994. ContributionsContributions toto thethe terrestrialterrestrial ArthropodArthropod faunafauna ofof thethe Corvo islandisland (Azores).(Azores). Arquipe'lago.Arquipélago. LifeLife andand MarineMarine SciencesSciences 12A512A:5 1-56.I-56. PontaPonta Delgada.Delgada. ISSNISSN 0870-658 1.1.

This paperpaper presentsprcsents a summarysummary ofaf thethe fromrrom CorvoCorvo island.island. CollectionsCollections andlorand/or observationsabservations werewere made inin JulyJul y andand OctoberOctober 1993. 1993. TheThe ,insects, whichwhich comprisedcomprised mostmost ofor thethe material,material, werewere foundfound associated with theirlheir hosts.ho sts. TheThe listlist ofor recordsrecords includesincludes 4444 species,species, belonging toto 1313 ordersorders andand 313 1 families.ramiliêS. SomeSome speciesspecies ofor thelhe ordersorders HomopteraHomoptera (3), ColeopteraColeoptera (6), LepidopteraLep id optera (1( 1 6) andand HymenopteraHymenoptera (3)(3) areare newnew confirmedconfirmed recordsrecord s forfor thisthis island.island.

VIEIRA, YIRG~LIOVIRGíLIO 1994. ContribuiqiloContribuição parapara oo conhecimentoconhecimento dada faunafauna terrestreterrestre dede Artr6podesArtrópodes da ilhailha do CONOCorvo (Aqores).(Açores). Arquipe'lago.Arquipélago. CisnciasCiências Biol6gicasBiológicas ee Marinhas l2A:512A:5 1-56.l-56. Ponta Delgada. ISSNISSN 0870-6581.0870-6581.

UmaUma listalista das esptciesespécies de Artrop~dosArtropodos recolhidosrecolhidos e/oue/ou observadosobservados nana ilhailha dodo Corvo,Corvo, emem Julho e Outubro de 1993,t1993. é apresentada.apresentada. EstaEsta inclui fundamentalmentefundamentalmente aa entomofaunaentomofauna queque se encontrava associada corncom oO seu hospedeiro.hospedeiro. AsAs 4444 esptciesespécies encontradasencontradas est3oestão distribuidasdistribuídas por 13 ordens ee 31 familias.famílias. AlgumasAlgumas esptciesespécies dede Hom6pterosHomópteros (3).(3). Cole6pterosColeópteros (6),(6), Lepid6pterosLepidópteros (16) e ~imend~terosHimenópteros (3)(3) constituemconstituem primeirasprimeiras cita~6escitações parapara esta ilha.ilha.

VirgilioVirgílio Vieira. Universidade dos A~ores,Açores, DepartamentoDepanamenlo de Biologia,Biologia, PT-9500PT-9500 PontaPOll/a Delgada, Acores,Açores, Portugal.

INTRODUCTION predatorspredators of phytophagousphytophagous Arthropods havehave notnot been studied previously.previously. The faunafauna of the Corvo island (the The fieldfield work was carried outout duringduring fourfour smasmallestllest of the Azorean Arquipelago (17 km2,km2, days (3 JulyJuly and 18-20 October 1993).1993) The maximum altitudealtitude 718 m, situated at 36"401N;36°40'N; general objectives were to contributecontribute toto thethe 3131°40'W) "40'W) has been poorly studied. understanding of thethe ecology of thethe biotopesbiotopes of BibliographicalBibliographical record are for the most part oldo ld this islandisland and describe qualitativelyqualitatively and, and appear mainly in the form of general whenever possible, quantitatively, theirtheir faunistical lists or single records.(e.g. DROUET communities. This paper listslists thethe materialmaterial 1861; GODMAN 1870;1870; FERNANDES 1982; GAMA collected by thethe author, as wellwell as thethe 19821982;; GOMES 1982; QUARTAU 1982; SOUSA observations made. Some ecological notes are 1985; BORGES 1990; SOUSA 1991; VIE~RAVIEIRA & presented. TAVARESTAVAKES in press). Still fewer papers have been METHODS published on vascular flora and vegetation of the Corvo (SJOGREN 1979; HANSEN 1988). The SeveralSevera I techniques were used to collect plants are, however,however, much betterbeller known than Arthropod specimensspecimens at Corvo islandisland (VIEIRA & their Arthropod enemies. The parasites and TAVARES in in press). Moreover,Moreover, noctuid

51 in pasture lands, specially Noctua SYMPHYLA pronuba (L.), Peridroma saucia (Hiibner), Xestia c-nigrum (L.), Mythimna unipuncta (Haworth) Family SCUTICERELLIDAE and Phlogophora meticulosa (L.), were studied Scutigerella imt~~aculataNewport altogether using 20 sample plots (size 0,25 m2) per locality. Vila Nova do Corvo, 19.X.93, 3 specs. Zea mays L. (Poaceae), So[anutn t~~herosurn L. The list of records only includes the (Solanaceae), Bcra vulgaris L. (Chenopodiaceae). entomological fauna that was found associated with their hosts (plants or other Insects). Twenty DIPLOPODA eight species and subspecies of Lepidoptera from Corvo island were listed by VIEIRA& TAVARES Family BLANIULIDAE (in press). From these, only the species where larval instars were observed attacking hostplants Blaniulus gurtulatus Bosc. directly (in pastures, maize-fields, tomato-fields, Vila Nova do Corvo (Cascalho), 18-20.X.93, other vegetable crops and endemic plants) are common. Solanum tuberosunz L. (Solanaceae), presented. The nomenclature and sequence used Beta vulgaris L. (Chenopodiaceae) and cultivated plants in areas of horticulture. for the listing of the Hexapoda tma are that of QUARTAU(1984): The families and species are COLLEMBOLA listed following the order used namely by LERAUT(198O), 'DELVARE & ABERLENC(1989), Family ENTOMOBRYIDAE BORGES (1990). The nomenclature of the families and species of plants and vegetation is * Entomoblya multifasciata (Tullberg) that of SJOCREN(1979) and HANSEN(1988). Vila Nova do Corvo, 18-20.X.93. On house The species marked (*) were not collected, walls. but only observed during field work. From species listed, those marked with (#) are recorded DERMAPTERA for the first time from Corvo. Data given under each species entry conform to the format: - Family FORFICULIDAE locality, date, number of specimens Forficula auricularia L. (=spec./specs.), cultural area, hostplant and/or habitat, natural enemy (NE) - parasite or Vila Nova do Corvo and Rebentiio, 18-20.X.93, predator. common. Zea mays L. (Poaceae), bulbs, and beet (Beta vulgaris L. (Chenopodiaceae)).

RESULTS ORTHOPTERA Family GRYLLIDAE LIST OF SPECIES AND MATERIAL EXAMINED Gryllus birnaculatus (De Geer). ISOPODA Vila Nova do Corvo (Cascalho), 19.X.93, 1 spec. In cultivated lands and pastures. Family PORCELLIONIDAE Family ACRIDIDAE

Locusra danica (L.) Porcellio sp. Vila Nova do Corvo, 18-20.X.93, common. Vila Nova do Corvo (Cascalho), 18-20.X.93, Cereal crops (Zeu mays L., Avena sp. (Poaceae)), common. Dry to moderately damp biotopes, e.g. potato (Solanurn tuherosum L. (Solanaceae)), leaf litter, young organons of plants. beet (Beta vul~arisL. (Chenopodiaceae)) and flowers in marginal areas of cultivated lands and COLEOPTERA pastures. Family CARABIDAE HOMOPTERA Pseudophonus rufpes (De Geer) Family MARGARODIDAE Vila Nova do Corvo, 19.X.93,4 specs. # Icerya purchasi (Maskell) Family COCCINELLIDAE Vila Nova do Corvo, 18-20.X.93, common. Adults in shadow zones of branches of # Scymnus interruptus (Goeze) Pittosporurn tobira (Thunb.) Ait. (Pittosporaceae) and Ficus carica L. (Moraceae). Vila Nova do Corvo, 19.X.93, 3 specs. NE: Rodolia (Vedalia) cardinalis Muls Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) Ait. (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae). (Pittosporaceae). Family DIASPIDIDAE # Scyrnnus sp. Vila Nova do Corvo, 19.X.93, 2 specs. The # Aspidiotus nerii Bouchk Scymnus sp. larva was observed to be cannibal. Vila Nova do Corvo, 18-20.X.93, common Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) Ait. (males and females). Branches and leaves of (Pittosporaceae). Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) Ait. (Pittosporaceae). # Rodolia (Vedalia) cardinalis (Mulsant) Family COCCIDAE Vila Nova do Corvo, 18-20.X.93, 1 pupa. Predator of I. purchasi. # Coccus aff, hesperidum L. Family CHRYSOMELIDAE Vila Nova do Corvo, 18-20.X.93, common. Branches, leaves and fruits of Pittosporum tobira # Chrysolina (Chrysomela)banksi (Fabricius) (Thunb.) Ait. (Pittosporaceae). Vila Nova do Corvo, 20.X.93, 3 specs. In HETEROPTERA pastures. Family RHYNCHOPHORIDAE Family MIRIDAE Ligus apicalis Fieb. # Sitophilus zeamais Motschoulsky Vila Nova do Corvo, 18-20.X.93, 4 specs. In Vila Nova do Corvo, 18.X.93, Zimbral, 19.X.93, pasture lands. and Rebentgo, 19.X.93, common. Adults on maize cobs (Zea mays L., Poaceae). Family PENTATOMIDAE Family CURCULIONIDAE Nezara viridula (L.) Vila Nova do Corvo, 18-20.X.93, common. # Otiorhynchus sp. Trifolium sp. (Leguminosae) and Licospersicon Vila Nova do Corvo, 18.X.93, 1 spec. On field esculenturn Mill. (Solanaceae) in cultivated lands stone walls. and pastures. DIPTERA NEUROPTER A Family SYRPHIDAE Family CHRYSOPlDAE Metasyrphus corollae (Fabricius) Chrysoperla sp. Vila Nova do Corvo, 19.X.93, 1 spec. Tripholium Zimbral, 19.X.93, 1 spec. Erica scoparia L. ssp. sp. (Leguminosae) and Lavatera cretica L. azorica (Hochst.) D. A. Webb (Ericaceae). (Malvaceae). Sphaerophoria scripta (L.) # Cydia molesta (Busck) Vila Nova do Corvo, 18.X.93, 1 spec. flying. Rebentgo, l8.X.93, 3 larvae mining in apple fruit Family MUSCIDAE (Rosaceae).

Haematobia (Lyperosia) irritans L. Family PYRALIDAE Ro~as,19.X.93, common. The cows became sick caused by hor-fly in pastures. H. irritans larvae # ferrugalis Hiibner develop in cow dung. Vila Nova do CONO (Matriz), 03.VII.93, 18- 20.X.93, common. Several adults of this species Family TILUPIDAE were seen flying all over the island. U. ferrugalis * Tipula oleracea L. larvae feed on various Poaceae. Rebentgo, l8.X.93. In pasture grass. Family PIERIDAE LEPIDOPTERA # Colias crocea (Geoffroy in Fourcroy) Family GRACILLARIIDAE Vila Nova do Corvo (Airport), 03.VII.93., 1 * # Caloptilia aff. bistrigella (Rebel) spec.; Airport, Rebentb and Entre Paredes, 19.X.93, 10 specs. During our stay the range of Calpdas, 18.X.93. Caloptilia sp. larvae mine in .this species was confined to 400 m above sea Myrica faya Aiton (Myricaceae). level. In the pasture and cultivated lands - Trifolium sp., Vicia sp. and Lotus sp. Family HYPONOMEUTIDAE (Legumino'sae). Pieris brassicae azorensis Rebel # Argyresthia atlanticella Rebel Zimbral, 19.X.93, 1 spec. Erica scoparia L. ssp. Vila Nova do Corvo, 03.VII and 18-20.X.93, azorica (Hochst.) D. A. Webb (Ericaceae). common. P. b. azorensis adults are common below 150 m, fairly frequent between 150-250 m, only accidentally or absent above 350 m. The # Plutella xylostella L. larvae attack preferably Brassicae oleracea L., Vila Nova do Corvo (Matriz), 03.VII.93, 3 adults Raphanus raphanistrum L. ssp. raphanistrum were observed on leaves of Brassicae oleracea L. (Brassicaceae) and Reseda luteola L. (Brassicaceae). (Resedaceae). It should be noted that Helix aspersa Miiller (Mollusca) is also a very Family important phytophagous which feeds on Brassicaceae species. NE: Apanteles glomeratus L. (Hymenoptera, # * Tebenna bjerkandrella (Thunberg) Braconidae) - a common larva parasitoid; Fojo, 19.X.93. Larval damages were observed in Pteromalus puparum L. (Hymenoptera, suaveolens Ehrh. (Lamiaceae). From a Chalcididae) - a common endoparasitoid of P. b. biological control viewpoint, this infester of the azorerzsis pupae; one species of Araneae were Azorean pasture could be controlled eventually observed sucking a P. b. azorensis larva. by T. bjerkandrella. Family SPHINGIDAE Family TORTRICIDAE

# Agrius convolvuli L. * # Selania leplastriana Curtis Vila Nova do Corvo (Matriz), 03.VII.93, one Vila Nova do Corvo (Matriz and Cascalho), larva was observed on leaves of Brassicae 03.VII.93, 3 specs. A. convolvuli larvae were oleracea L. (Brassicaceae). observed attacking Ipomoea batatas (L.) (Convolvulaceae). Family NOCTUIDAE # Trichoplusia orichalcea (Fabricius)

# Noctua pronuba (L.) Vila Nova do Corvo (Cascalho), 20.X.93, 2 spec. Two T. orichalcea pupae were observed on the Vila Nova do Corvo, Rebentb, 18.X.93, 5 Iponzea batatas (L.) (Convolvulaceae). specs.; Loural, 19.X.93, 3 specs. N. pronuba attacks many plants, mainly from the areas of HYMENOPTERA pasture and horticulture, and also weeds, e.g. Convolvulus arvensis L. (Convolvulaceae). Family CHALCIDIDAE

# Peridroma saucia (Hiibner) # Pteromalus puparum L. Vila Nova do Corvo, Rebentgo, 18.X.93, 4 Vila Nova do Corvo, 18-20.X.93, a common specs.; Loural, 19.X.93, 3 specs. The larvae endoparasitoid of P. b. azorensis pupae. About attack some varieties of Poaceae and Favaceae in five hundred individuals were collected i~ pastures, and also Brassica oleracea L.(vars e fourteen P. 6. azorensis pupae. CVS)(Brassicaceae). Family BRACONIDAE

# Xestia c-nigrum (L.) # Apanteles nditaris Walsh. Vila Nova do Corvo, Rebentiio, 18.X.93, 15 Vila Nova do Corvo, Rebent20 and Zimbral, 18- specs.; Loural, 19.X.93, 20 specs. X. c-nigrum 20.X.93, common. A very important larva larva may be found on a great variety of plants in parasitoid of M. unipuncta. We also saw several cultivated lands [Solanurn tuberosurn L. emerged pupae of A. militaris together with their (Solanaceae), ' Allium sp. (Liliaceae), Brassica cadaver hosts in the fields. From a biological oleracea L. (Brassicaceae)] and pastures control viewpoint, this parasitoid is now a subject [Trifolium sp. (Leguminosae), and in a big of various research works in the Department of variety of Poaceae and Favaceae]. Biology of the University of the Azores.

# Mythirnna unipuncta (Haworth) # Apanteles glorneratus L. Vila Nova do Corvo (03.VII.93), RebentAo Vila Nova do Corvo, 18-20.X.93, common on (18.X.93), Roqas and Loural (19.X.93) - an leaves of B. oleracea and on roadsides stone average of 3 specs. per sample plot. M. unipuncta walls and houses, and frequently found side by larvae attack many plants, mainly from cereal side with its dead host (larva of P. b. azorensis). crops areas, pastures and forages. It is considered the most serious pest of pasture grass in the ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Azores archipelago and consequently, is an important subject of research in the Department We would like to express our thanks to Dr. Jolo of Biology of the University of the Azores. Cardigos (Chara Municipal do Corvo) and his NE: Apanteles militaris Walsh. (Hymenoptera, collaborators, specially Mr. 0scar and Josk Mendonqa, Braconidae). who helped in different practical ways in the realization of our investigation plans on Corvo island # Phlogophora meticulosa (L.) in 1993. We are grateful to Dr. A. Onofre who identified Vila Nova do Corvo, Rebent20 and Fojo, 18.X.93, 5 specs. It shows a large poliphagy, Hornoptera specimens from Corvo and Dr. L. Falp for damaging many vegetables (Solanum tuberosum revising the English version of the manuscript. L., Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. The entomological investigations in Corvo island (Solanaceae)), industrial crops (Beta vulgaris L. in October of 1993 were supported economically by (Chenopodiaceae)) and pasture (Avena sp. the University of Azores, STRIDE Program, FEDER (Poaceae), Rumex sp. (Polygonaceae)). and JNICT.

# Autographa gamma (L.) REFERENCES Vila Nova do Corvo (Cascalho), 19.X.93, 1 spec. One larva eating a leaf of Brassica oleracea L. BORGES. P.A.V. 1990. A checklist of the Coleoptera from the Azores with some systematic and biogeographic comments. Boletim dq Museu QUARTAU,J.A. 1982. A preliminary faunistic analysis Municipal do Funchal42(220): 87-136. ' of the Cicadellidae (Homoptera, Auchenorr- DELVARE,G. & ABERLENC,H.-P. 1989. Les* Insectes hyncha) of the Azores. Boletim da Sociedade dAfrique et d'Ame'rique Tropicale. Cle's pour la Portuguesa de Entomologia 1(7)(Supl. A):145- reconnaissance des Families. CIRAD DCpt. 149. GERDAT,Montpellier, France. 302pp. QUARTAU,J. A. 1984. ClassificaqZo e Sinopse dos DROUET,H. 1861. Elkments de la faune A~orienne.J. Hex5podos actuais (Hexapoda ou Insecta sensu B. Baillike & Fils, Librairie de 1'AcadCmie de lato). Sociedade Portuguesa de CiZncias Naturais MCdecine, Paris. 245 pp. Colecpio "Natura" (N.S.) 12:1-42. FERNANDES,J. A. 1982. Orthopteroidea Azorica. SJOGREN,E. 1979. Contributions to the vascular flora Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia and vegetation of the island of CONO(Azores): 1 (7)(Supl.A): 287-291. With autecological and synecological remarks. GAMA, M.M. 1982. Col&mbolosdos Agores. Boletim Boletim do Museu do Funchal32(140):19-85. da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia SOUSA, A.B. 1985. Duas novas subespCcies de 1(7)(Supl.A):113-135. Hipparchia azorina (Lepidoptera, Satyridae) GODMAN,F.D-C., 1870. Natural History of the Azores, dos Agores: H. azorina barbara N.SSP. e H. Western Islands. John Van Voorst & Paternoster azorina minima N.SSP. respectivamente das ilhas Row, eds, London. 345pp. Terceira e CONO.Boletim Sociedade Portuguesa GOMES,A. 1982. Noticia sobre a Sirfidofauna do Entomologia (Supl. 1):375-382. ArquipClago dos &ores (Diptera, Syrphidae). SOUSA,A.B. 1991. Novas cita~6esde Lepid6pteros Boletim da Sociedade Portuguesa de Entomologia para os Agores. Boletim Sociedade Portuguesa 1(7)(Supl.A): 293-299. Entomologia 133 (V-1):1-15. HANSEN,A. 1988. Checklist, Azores (vascular plants). VIEIRA,V. & J. TAVARESin press. A checklist of the 3th edition (mimeogr.). Copenhagen. Lepidoptera from CONO island (Azores). LERAUT,P. 1980. Liste Systthatique et Synonymique A~oreana. des Upidopthres de France, Belgique et Corse. SupplCment au Bulletin de la SociCtC entornologique de France, Paris. 334pp. Accepted 21 July 1994.