News about Const ruction Jo int Sealants

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NOW EVERYONE KNOWS- For over eight years, archi· will seemingly resemble the performance characteristics of tects an d contractors have relied on MONO to weather-proof MONO. But none can hope to provide the reliabi li ty of MONO. construction joints on thousands of buildings of every type the Why not? Experimental acrylic formulations will require time world over. This wide acceptance and proved performance consuming research and extensive field applicati ons on many provide proof that the powerful adhesion of MONO offers job sites. It cou ld be costly for you to become a testing ground maximum security against sea lant fa ilure: no leaking joints; for acrylics without proved perfo rmance. no building owner comp laints; no cost ly callbacks. RELY ON THE LEADER- At today's price of const ruction, COMPETITORS AGREE- After eight years, other sea lant don't risk sealant fa ilures. Re ly on the proven leader, MONO . manufacturers have recognized the superiority of MONO, the For MONO glazing and caulking recommendations, con­ original l-part acrylic terpolymer sea lant. They are now pre­ tact your local Tremco Field Advisor, or see SWEET's Archi ­ paring to introduce acrylic based sea lants of their own which tectural Fi le 3c/ Tr, or write us.

THE TREMCO MANUFACTURING CO. (CANADA) LTD. Toronto 17, Ontario January 1966 /janvier 1966 Journal of the Royal Architectural 484 Volume 43 No 1 Institute of Canada JOURNAL Subscription/abonnement $7.00 Journal de l'lnstitut Royal d'Architecture Foreign /etranger $8.00 du Canada ~~~(go~~~~©

160 Eglinton Avenue East. Toronto 12. Ontario

The Journal is not responsible for opinions Editorial /redaction 487-4714 expressed by contributors Les opinions exprimees dans le Journal ne Advertising /publicite sont pas necessairement celles de 1'1 nstitut Toronto 485-6561 Vancouver, 165 W 40th Avenue FA 7-3388 London. England, 122 Shaftsbury Ave. W1 GER 7499

Section 1: News /Nouvelles page 5

Section 2: Communique From Institute Headquarters page 7 Du Siege Social de l'lnstitut

Section 3: Arts Western Tour: Part 3 page 11 Anita Aarons. ASTC (Sculp)

Section 4: Review / Revue page 23

Section 5: Features/ Projets ASTM Headquarters page 27 Architects Carroll, Grisdale & Van Alen

Book Reviews/Revues de livres page 30

Section 6: Technical / Technique Estimating and Cost Control page 53 Frank Helyar

Moisture Consideration in Roof Design opp page 42 G. 0. Handegard

January Building Digest Supplement Division of Building Research. NRC, Ottawa

Section 7: Schools / Ecoles page 55

Section 8: letters / lettres

Section 9: Classified I Annonces Classees page 59

Index to Advertisers / Index des Annonces page 67

Editor / redacteur Chairman Journal Board / president du Comite Walter B. Bowker du Journal W. N . Greer, B.Arch MS MRAIC Associate Editor / redacteur associe A. J. Diamond. MA (Oxon) M. Arch Advertising Manager / gerant de publicite MISAA MRAIC Lloyd E. Sawyer

Authori zed as second class mail by the Assistant to the Editor / aide au redacteur Advertising Representatives/ representants de Post Office Department, Ottawa and for C. Annabel Gerald publicite payment of postage in cash A. Sevink. T. Webber, Toronto Allied Arts Ed itor / redacteur des arts allies J . A. Bryden, Vancouver Anita Aarons, ASTC (Sculp) Colin Turner, London, England AIBC Annual M eeting affairs ; we cannot comment usefully by remaining aloof and on the outside. Concern that architects realize that their own continuing competence in all aspects of " Above all, we must encourage our society architectural practice is ultimately the key to value and demand good design and beauty to professional success, was expressed by in all its physica l surroundings. The quality Ronald S. Nairne in his presidental address of architecture in a community must be as to the annual meeting of the Architectural sure a sign of its civilized maturity as a Institute of British Columbia, held at the symphony orchestra, or an art gallery. On our Airport Inn, Vancouver, on December 3rd. part we must not be satisfied until the best of our work can stand comparison not only The theme of Mr Nairne's address, and of on a national level, but also on an international the meeting's panel discussion, was the one. continuing education of the architect. Panel participants included architects Ray Affleck, "Continuing competence will be achieved Montreal ; John Dayton, Vancouver ; and by care in maintaining high standards of Dr A. R. MacKinnon, Dean of Education, entrance into the profession. Quality and Simon Fraser University. Prof. Henry Elder, quantity are both necessary if we are to meet head of UBC School of Architecture, was the needs of our growing province. Your moderator. Council feels that both the University and Technical Institutes will provide recruits. At In his address Mr Nairne expressed the the present time we are investigating hope that the report of the AIBC Committee technologist's training and are donating a on Continuing Education, under the small award to the top graduate of the BC chairmanship of Bud Wood, would be a Institute of Technology. milestone in the progress of the AI BC. A degree in architecture gained 15 years "Finally, if rapid change is the order of the ago could not, he felt, any longer be day, I feel that the inadequacies of the present considered the end of formal professional Architects' Act to cope with new business training; nor could the individual afford to and legal developments are a distinct ignore the current rapid change in the way the hindrance to the ability of the profession architect conducted his business. Such to serve the public most effectively. In the past things as office management, techniques it has proven (and still is proving) difficult and cost control, computer programming, to amend our Act and By-laws. I hope that and even design by computer were as next year's Council will see fit to establish WRITE FOR DESCRIPTIVE BULLETIN: inevitable as tomorrow. closer relations with the appropriate officials PEDIGRID ® in the Government to prepare them for a "It is our responsibility as architects to RECESSED ENT RANCE F OOT GRIDS series of changes to our Act and By-laws assimilate and use these new techniques in that will be of benefit to the public through • 6 STANDARD COLOURS FOR ADDED our profession and yet not to lose the improving the scope and quality of our service. sensitivity and creativity that is the heart and I believe that these changes should be DECOR AT All ENTRANCES- WH ITE, core of good architecture. evolutionary, not revolutionary in character, BLACK, BLUE, GREEN, GREY, BEIGE. so that at any time our Act might be ANY COMB INATION OF COLOURS OR "If we are agreed that competence is a modified to suit new conditions. Only in CUSTOM INLAID DESIGNS MAY BE worthy endeavour, we must decide precisely this way can our profession maintain a vital how such competence can be achieved. and respected position in the community. SPECIFIED. I feel that not only are specific practical I would like to see the RAIC establish a • SERRATED VIRGIN VINYL STR IPS courses of study necessary, but also that the comparative analysis of all provincial Acts so architect must constantly evaluate his that we might all ultimately establish a FOR NON-SLIP AND SKID-RESISTANT profession's place in the community. He series of separate but uniform Acts." SURFACE. deals in space and form and texture, but these • HEELPROOF DES IGN- TO PREVENT things lack vitality and meaning unless they W ith 135 registrations, full attendance at explain and relate to our society in terms the seminar and dinner dance, th e 1965Annual ENTRY OF LAD IES' TINIEST HEELS. of its social, economic and cultural Meeting was considered one of the best in • DIRT AND WATER ARE TRAPPED AT aspirations. AIBC history. An honorary membership was ENTRANCE- REDUCE CLEANING COSTS. conferred upon Mr Justice G. Gould ; " I trust that in the future our profession. as UBC students Charles Bowman and • STRUCTURAL ALUMINUM USED IN it enters more directly into the mainstream of Lawrence Haave were presented with S1 00 CONSTRUCTION. social activity, will not hesitate to take the awards of merit; Alan S. Bell was presented initiative in speaking out and assuming with a $250 last year scholarship; and the • SNOW MELTING ELEMENTS ALSO leadership in those areas in which we are RAIC Medal was presented to Rainer Fassler. AVAILABLE. best trained to comment. The business session voted 97 to 12 in "We must not spend all our time leaning favor of a fees increase. C/S CONSTRUCTION over drawing boards. but must also attempt to SP ECIALTIES, LTD influence for the better the physical Council members elected for two-year 895 THERMAL ROAD environment of our communities. To do terms were R. S. Nairne, J. Dayton and PORT CREDIT !TORONTO!, ONTARIO this successfully, we must work w ith others W. Rhone ; Council members held over for -researchers, sociologists, bu ilders, 1966 were R. C. Hale, F. T. Hollingsworth and financiers, planners, public bodies and the R. F. Harrison. Mr Nairne was re-elected EXPANSION JOINT COVERS • GRILLES • LOUVRES like. We must participate in community president and Mr Dayton vice president. GRAVEL STOPS • DOOR LOUVRES • REFACINGS RICK SIZE VENTS • FOOT GRIDS • SUN SHADES

6 JOURNAL RAIC / L'IRAC 1 / 66 Communique

From Institute Headquarters Products"'. This report provides important Du siege social de l'l nstitut technical and economical information. "The Ontario Association of Architects required by architects and builders to permit "Selon !'Association des architects de states that not only is there a serious shortage choice between a number of possible !'Ontario. non seulement il y a actuellement of trained architects today, but that the materials or products. Available from CIB, penurie grave d"architectes formes mais le number of young students taking up the P.O. Box 299, Rotterdam, Holland. nombre des jeunes se dirigeant vers Ia profession is far short of the requirements profession est nettement insuffisant pour les for construction in the future. The current The first issue of The Canadian Landscape besoins futurs de Ia profession. En Ontario shortage in Ontario is estimated at 400." Architect has appeared, edited by Donald W. seulement, on estime qu'il en faudrait 400 Graham for the Canadian Society of Land­ de plus." This is an extract from the 1965- 66 edition scape Architects. of the Federal Department of Labor publica­ Ce passage est tire de I' edition de 1965-1966 tion. ··supply and Demand, University This attractive magazine includes several de Ia publication du ministerefederaldu Travail Graduates", available at offices of the brief articles of interest, including one by "Offre et demande de dipl6mes d'universite", National Employment Service. Richard Strong, entitled "Collaboration. the que I' on peut se procurer aux bureaux du Key to Cohesion", concerning architects, Service national de placement. Statistics now show a ratio of 18.8 registered planners and landscape architects. Of special architects per 100,000 urban population in interest, in view of our 1966 Annual D'apres les statistiques, il y a actuellement Canada, as contrasted with a ratio of 13.9 Assembly at Jasper, is an article on the au Canada 18.8 architectes reconnus par in 1951. In 1950, the United States had National Parks policy. 1 00,000 habitants de regions urbaines. au a ratio of 21.5 per 100,000 urban population. regard de 13.9 en 1951. Aux Etats-Unis Canadian students will again be participating en 1950, le rapport etait de 21.5 par A recent issue of the Royal Bank Monthly in the international architectural scholarship 100,000 urbains. Letter, on " Winter Work", lauds the efforts awards program of the Portland Cement of the construction industry in reducing Association. Herbert Schumann of the Dans un de ses derniers bulletins mensuels, winter unemployment. It makes particular University of Manitoba gained one of these consacre aux "travaux d'hiver", Ia Banque reference to the joint Architect-Engineer scholarships last year. Royale du Canada felicite l'industrie de Ia Advisory Committee of the Department of construction de ses efforts pour reduire le Labor, initiated by the RAIC some years ago. The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors chOmage au cours de Ia saison froide. Elle are organizing a Symposium on Quantity mentionne tout particulierement le Comite A requirement for every architect in this Surveying at Cambridge University, England, mixte de architectes et ingenieurs du ministere bilingual Canada is the new "Dictionnaire from September 4 to 9, 1966. Canadian du Travail, fonde il y a quelques annees du Biltiment - Building Terms Dictionary", architects are invited to attend. The number grace t1 !'initiative de I'IRAC. published jointly by CMHC and the Division of places is limited and requests should be of Building Research, NRC. Compiled over made immediately to RAIC or directly to Un instrument necessaire A tousles archi­ a period of 18 years by Marcel Lefebvre. chief RICS, 12 Great George Street, London SW1. tectes dans notre Canada bilingue est le of CMHC translation staff. the book contains nouveau " Dictionnaire du Batiment­ more than 7,000 words In both French and The American Society of Architectural Building Terms Dictionary" publie de English in use in the Canadian building Historians is holding its annual summer concert par Ia Societe centrale d'hypotheques industry today. It may be purchased from tour on August 18 to 21 next, in Quebec City. et de logement et Ia Division de recherches Les Editions Lemeac, 369 Laurier St. W .• Two Canadians are co-chairmen - Professor en biltiment du Conseil national de recherches. Montreal. for $9.50. Alan Gowans, of the University of Delaware, Ce dictionnaire, prepare au cours de dix and Jack Richardson, Department of huit annees de travail. par M. Marcel Lefebvre, DBR / NRC has published an "Index of Northern Affairs, Ottawa. This should guar­ chef du personnel de Ia traduction de Ia Report Files in the Building Research Library", antee a most interesting program. Local S.C.H.L., renferme plus de 7,000 mots en which provides a survey of the subject arrangements are in charge of Andre anglais et en fran9ais d'usage courant dans material in the report collection of the Robitaille, President of the Societe des l'industrie canadienne du batiment. On peut Library. Copies available on request from Architectes de Quebec. se le procurer aux Editions Lemeac, the Librarian, DBR/NRC, Ottawa 2. 369 ouest, rue Laurier. Montreal, aux prix The current edition of DBR "Building UIA have advised us of two international de $9.50. Research News·· includes a description of conferences for architects: "Recent the new CIB publication, "A Master List of La Division de Ia recherche en batiment du Properties for Building Materials and continued on overleaf Conseil national de recherches a publie

1 / 65 JOURNAL RAIC/ l'IRAC 7 Developments in Public Health Buildings", un "Index of Report Files in the Building de ces deux personnes est suffisante pour Athens, April 17- 30. 1966; "Symposium on Research Library", presentant un re leve assurer un programme interessant. Les Problems of the Optimum Economic des textes sur le sujet compris dans Ia dispositions locales ont ete confiees a M. Exploitation of Power Supply for Heating collection de reference de Ia bibliotheque. Andre Robitaille. president de Ia Societe des and Air Conditioning of Large Housing On peut en obtenir des exemplaires sur architectes de Quebec. Developments", Prague, September 1966. demande au Bibliothecaire, Division de Ia Details available from RAIC Headquarters. recherche en b~timent. Conseil national de L'UIA nous annonce Ia tenue de deux recherches, Ottawa 2. congres internationaux a !'intention des Vancouver muralist Takao Tanabe has been architectes: "Les developpements recents des commissioned to execute a mural 80 feet wide La derniere edition de "Building Research etablissements de Ia sante publique" a and 13 feet high to dominate the main floor News" de Ia Division de Ia recherche en Athenes du 17 au 30 avril 1966, et foyer of the new Department of Agriculture b~timent presente une description de Ia "Symposium sur les probh}mes d'exploitation Building in Ottawa. As winner of the nouvelle publication du CIB "A Master List of economique optimum de l'energie electrique competition, Mr Tanabe will be awarded a Properties for Building Materials and pour le chauffage et Ia climatisation des $25,000 contract for execution of the work. Products". Ce rapport fournit d'importants grands projets d'habitation", a Prague en The jury included James A. Langford, renseignements techniques et economiques septembre 1966. Pour details, s'adresser au Chief Architect, Department of Public Works, dont les architectes et les constructeurs siege de I'IRAC. and Hart Massey, architect of the building. ont besoin pour faire un bon choix entre divers produits et materiaux disponibles. Le muraliste de Vancouver, Takao Tanabe, Mr Massey suggested the mural for inclusion On peut se procurer ce document en a obtenu une commande pour une piece in his design of the building. An important s'adressant au CIB, Bolte postale 229, murale de 80 pieds de largeur sur 13 pieds de factor in its selection was the mural's Rotterdam (Hollande}. hauteur qui ornera le foyer au rez -de­ suitability to the architectural surroundings. chaussee du nouvel edifice du ministere de Le premier numero de "The Canadian I' Agriculture a Ottawa. Comme vainqueur The British Council announces an enticing Landscape Architect" vient de paraitre. Le du concours, M . Tanabe a obtenu un course in " New University Building" arranged redacteur en est M . Donald W . Graham contrat de S25,000 pour Ia realisation de cette in association with the Institute of Advanced de I' Association des architects paysagistes oeuvre. Le jury comprenait M. James A. Architectural Studies, York, from June 26 du Canada. Langford, architecte en chef au ministere to July 8, 1966. Canadian architects are Cette attrayante revue renferme plusieurs des Travaux publics. et M. Hart Massey, invited, and details are available from RAIC cours articles de grand interet dont un de architecte de !'edifice. or from the British Council. 80 Elgin St., Richard Strong intitule "Collaboration, the M. Massey a recommande de faire entrer Ottawa 4. Key to Cohesion" au sujet des architectes, des cette piece dans Ia construction du b~timent. planificateurs et des architectes paysagistes. Un facteur qui a beaucoup compte dans le A course in " Coordinate Indexing and Un autre article, qui prend un interet choix a ete !'adaptation de Ia piece au milieu Indicative Abstracting" will be given in special a I' occasion de notre asse mblee architectural. Ottawa during the week of April 18. under annuelle de 1966 a Jasper. a trait a Ia politique the sponsorship of the Engineers Joint visant les pares nationaux. Un cours sera donne a Ottawa sous le Council and the Battelle Memorial Institute. titre "Coordinate Indexing and Indicative Details are available from RAIC or from Des etudiants canadiens participeront Abstracting" durant Ia semaine du 18 avril the Battelle Institute, 505 King Avenue, encore cette annee au concours international gr~ce au concours de Engineers Joint Council Columbus, Ohio, 43201 . de bourses d'etudes en architecture de Ia et du Batelle Memorial Institute. On peut Portland Cement Association. L'an dernier, obtenir des details a ce sujet en s'adressant The Weinreb catalogues continue to have Herbert Schumann, de I'Universite du a I'IRAC ou au Batelle Institute, 505 King considerable attractions for architects. Manitoba, a gagne une de ces bourses. Avenue, Columbus (Ohio), 43201. Catalogues 12 and 13 are devoted to architec­ ture-books of general reference, periodicals, L'American Society of Architectural Les catalogues Weinreb continuent d'inte­ dictionaries and encyclopedias. Available Historians tiendra l'ete prochain a Quebec, resser beaucoup les architectes. Les numeros on request from B. Weinreb Limited, 39 du 18 au 21 aoOt, son assemblee annuelle. 12 et 13 sont consacres aux ouvrages Great Russell Street. London WC1 , England. La reunion sera sous Ia co-presidence de deux generaux de reference sur I' architecture, aux Canadiens, le professeur Alan Gowans. de periodiques, dictionnaires et encyclopedies. Fred W. Price I'Universite du Delaware, et M . Jack On peut les obtenir sur demande a Executive Director Richardson, du ministere des Affaires du B. Weinreb Limited, 39 Great Russell Street, Le directeur general Nord canadien, d'Ottawa. La participation Londres WC1 (Angleterre). 0

8 JOURNAL RAIC / L'IRAC 1 / 66 Western Tour: Part Ill Arts

Last but Not Least

Vancouver

In al l fairness to Vancouver, the distractions of visiting Victoria and Simon Fraser University, as well as meetings and lectures, left little time to see art and architecture in this city by no means small but growing old and a trifle smug with probably the best climate and terrain in Canada. Vancouver provides the West with most of its most able painters and sculptors.

Simon Fraser (Erickson-Massey) is one of the most authoritative architectural state­ ments of this or any other country.

So far the art work consists chiefly of two murals in mosaic by Gordon Smith on the exterior walls. Traditional in technique but contemporary in image, the scale is adequate but the mood is hardly strong enough to complement the powerful11rchitecture of the edifice. I have no comment on the two stainless steel murals by Beula Mullins (gift of a generous donor) on an interior wall.

Simon Fraser University is an architectural setting to excite any artist and I hope, some­ how, an opportunity is given to create a worthy totem, dominating the "arena" at the head of the ascending stairways. Perhaps the authorities will see their way clear to invite conceptual sculptors to attempt the task. Maybe another generous donor may offer (with no strings attached) the project.

Victoria

This small center of preserved Victorianism is making a strong bid for the tourist trade. Situated at the culmination of one of the most beautiful short sea voyages, this civic minded community is redesigning its center with contemporary buildings, city squares and fountains. I met well satisfied town councillors sitting in contemporary decor and proud of their new climate. The University of Victoria features work by Margaret Paterson, George Norris, John di Castri, Herbert Seibner and John Ritchell.

Mural Painting. Artist Tony Tascona Peinture murale. Artiste Tony Tascona 2 2 ? Marks the Spot for a ? ? Marque /'espace pour un ?

1 / 66 JOURNAL RAIC/L'IRAC 11 3 "Pop Art" at Saskatoon Art Centre by Art Price "Pop Art" au Centre d'Arts a Saskatoon par Art Price

Saskatoo n exterior framing as one could wish, and a manifest in the approach to the new cen­ sensitive highlighting of the validity of pop art, tennial project, "The Provincial Museum and Here is a small community which proves that a most disturbing aspect of contemporary Archives of Alberta". Contrary to the general one enlightened citizen can affect the whole art. It is not what you do but the way that practice with other centennial projects I saw psyche of a town. The Mendel Collection you do it. under way, the project management consulted and the resu lting delightful Mendel Art artist luke lindoe and others from the Gallery has lifted the parochial Saskatoon A fairly abstract to non-objective sculpture inception, and a contract sympathetic to the attitudes to a more sensitive awareness of in aluminum by Eli Bornstein, innocuous and artists' problems was drawn up. One notes the contemporary arts. It was at that gallery, pleasantly decorative when placed in front also that the staff of the DPW architectural under the intelligent direction of the director, of the Teachers Federation Building by department feature an artist as a permanent John Climer, I saw the most intriguing setting architect Tinos Kortes, aroused much abuse member of the drafting and advisory staff. yet of a piece of "pop art" sculpture. Through and comment. Why, is hard to see. It is, Success cannot be automatically ensured, but the window, a bronze child in a bronze unfortunately, badly placed - too close to one looks forward to the growth of a thor­ rocking chair is eternally rocking in spirit; the wall and tied awkwardly to the fa<;:ade to oughly well integrated sculptural wall and a in dreamlike contemplation of the spreading hold it vertical in the prairie winds. But it is free-standing piece. We await the artists' landscape - as nice a piece of interior- there and in a fairly contemporary idiom. response to the situation and we wish them likewise, the early work of Bob Murray, well. who is now in New York, is represented by a fountain in a contemporary manner. It is Architect H. A. Dunn has capitalized on the rather too small in scale and faulty in tech­ talent of young Viennese trained Ernestine nique, but was an act of faith in the future. It Tahedl, already a most proficient worker in is a pity that comedians Wayne and Shuster, stained glass. The jewelled diadem crowning while performing in Saskatoon, made it the the dome of the Scholarship Novitiate of "fall guy" for their humor. the Sisters of the Holy Cross is equally effective from inside the building or from There was much interesting work at Thomas outside, through interior illumination, to glow Moore College at the University by artists above the roof tops in rare beauty. Ernestine lionel Thomas, Peter Thorne, Rambusch will now be resident in Montreal and it will and others. be interesting to see what maturity and the influence of the eastern provinces will do to The private work of sculptor Otto Rodgers the "traditional" design of this young artist. convinced me of the gallantry of local talent Canada could well do with the injection of in keeping a sensitive image going both in a really proficient stained glass worker in painting and sculpture under adverse condi­ a contemporary idiom into the aesthetic world tions. Rodgers' work is tenuous and linear. of architecture. What is more necessary is It has a quiet, sensitive presence and w ill be that there should be a greater recognition indeed a terrific challenge to some architect of the School of Art within the University who wants work of sensitivity and refine­ and of the work it might do if as much financial ment. The problem for the mid-west is to see support and equipment were made available that the sensitive and sophisticated artist as that offered to the Department of Adult earns a decent living and is given encourage­ Education for amateurs, through Extension ment worthy of talent. The artists show a Board activities. Stirring vitality is visible determination to stay. J ohn Nugent in his in the experiment of a "museum" and studio studio by Clifford Wiens which is a showpiece for the activity of the students under the in itself, asserts a permanency on the local quiet enthusiasm of Professor Norman Yates. terrain. He needs stimulus and financial support by work. lacking the fortunate stimulus of an enlight­ ened citizen as in Saskatoon or the vita l Edmonton influence of Manitoba University in Winnipeg, the parochial history of Edmonton still lays Edmonton has, in the Provincial Department a heavy hand on the work of the more of Public Works, a sympathy and under­ enlightened and adventurous spirits. Certainly standing of art and architectural liaison one sees the work of Oldrich and Professor

12 JOURNAL RAIC/ L'IRAC 1 / 66 Harry Wolhfarth in the Chapel of St Vincent's Convent and Jasper House, but not even the acquisition of a splendid Shadbolt at the attractive airport (Architects, Rensaa and Minsos) has dispelled the general feeling of backwardness. What Edmonton needs is a really exciting, far out and contemporary project, promoted locally rather than imposed. If this were carried out with vitality and com­ petence, discussion and interest would lift the inheritance of the past to a state worthy of the development of the other western ADJUSTABLE provinces. ASTRA GALS At the Edmonton airport, those responsible One side solid insert, one side woven pile insert for more pos· for the acquisition and placing of the Shad bolt itive seal. Available in ex· were not sensitive enough to the competi ­ truded bronze or aluminum. tion of a distracting "ballet corps" of grey telephone booths, flanked by pillars en garde, which impede vision in spite of the inviting prospect of the mural seen from the ascend­ ing stairway.

Binnings' mural of excellent technical quality is so much an architectural statement little :I ~ ~·M SURFAC E ASTRAGAI ::156·M MORTIS ED ASTRAGAI !!1 ~ 7·M SEMI ·MORTISED WITH WOVEN PilE W ITH WOVEN PilE ASTRAGAl WITH WOVEN PilE imagery could be said to contribute to con­ ceptual comment.

In conclusion, I hope that closer liaison and future visits to the West w ill allow for a less superficial survey and a more comprehensive collection of photographic records of the art work being carried out.

I can only repeat the request made to the many architects and artists I met who so the most complete generously and warmly gave of their time on a and authoritative very enjoyable if exhausting tour- that is guide for- to keep the Allied Arts Department informed • WEATHER STRIPPING of any projects of interest and furnish photographs and data for the records of • SOUND PROOFING the Journal RAIC which will be used in • LIGHT PROOFING future activities to effect better liaison between artists and architects. • THRESHOLDS Zero's 1966 Catalog shows Anita Aarons many new products, contains 175 full size drawings.

/1\\ ~%11:'1-. R:'t 'o"'"' Write toclay for your copy. W,/. ZERO WEATHER STRIPPING CO., INC. Our 42nd year of service to architects 4 15 Concord A venue, Bronx, New York 10455 (212) LU 5-3230

1 / 66 JOURNAL RAIC / L'IRAC 13 At the Delbrook Apartments in North Vancouver, wood makes buildings and residents feel To take the "row" look at home in their beautiful garden setting. Architects: out of row housing Lund, Ki ng & Associates. use wood ... tiDUTI@J W©lliJ[( 0ITUD&1@0ITU@~0@UTI

A beautiful environment for family living- that's today's garden-court apartments. With a libera l use of wood, architects have brought fresh excitement to these multi-unit complexes and have given the monotonous " row" look of yesteryear a new inviting charm. In keeping with the garden setting, natura l wood siding roots the buildings to their site . .. and blends handsomely with all other materia ls. Around gardens and poo ls, wood fencing sepa rates activities, gives privacy. Wood planters, stairs and wa lkways complete the friendly informal theme. And unseen, wood frame construction gives architects complete f reedom for interesting interiors while it speeds erection and cuts building costs. More each year, wood is playing a bigger role in today's row housing developments. Its variety and flexibil ity give architects greater creative f reedom within narrow budgets. Its natural properties ma ke it easy to build with . .. more comfortable to live with. For more information, please write: CANADIAN WOOD COUNCIL 75 Albert Street, Ottawa 4, Canada, and at: MONTREAL • TORONTO • LONDON WINNIPEG • VANCOUVER

14 JOURNAL RAIC /L'IRAC 1/66 Review Revue

Under construction is this Hotel/ garage complex in Edmonton which gives the best view of the North Saskatchewan valley to the cars (Fig 1 ). In an effort to compromise with the objection that the street end should not be blocked off, a one storey structure only is built across. This still blocks off the vista at the street end, which might, in any event. be an advantage. The consequent 4 high rise tower of the hotel itself, it would seem, takes its form from the automobile ramps.

Housing, Blackheath Architectural Review, November 1965 Architects Chamberlin Powell and Bon. Two thirds of this interesting project (Fig 2) consists of low rise development. This 5 provides the welcome lesson that high densities can be achieved without losing devoted the November 65 issue to the the amenities of light and space, w ithout Harvard Design Conference. resorting to isolated tower blocks, which lose urbanity. On the contrary, both intimate and A Scarborough Style? or Regionalism at Last: large scale spaces are now appropriately (Fig 4) is a school, designed on a cluster apportioned. system with constant North light via roof form to each classroom by John Andrews and Architectural Design, December 1965 a library project whose roof covers the devotes its main feature to The Heroic entire library space, by Irving Grossman. Period of Modern Architecture, by Alison and Peter Smithson. (Fig 3) Assembled are Kanalia Beach many interesting photographs and drawings Apxitektonikh ( Gr) June 1965 in a chronological sequence, but presented by the Smithsons with their usual bravura Project for a village, by Costa Decavallas, and "cleverness" in a search for slogan situated on the Island of Mykonos. (Fig 6) explanations. 2

The 20th century is primarily an urban culture- the most critical problems of our environment lie in this field. Fortunately man's propensity to make virtues from necessities is not failing us- vide the crop of professionals who are now devoted to this study, and the fashion of concern with cities. Evidence of this is in publications as diverse as Life (December 24, 1965), Saturday Review (January 8, 1966), '-· Scientific American (September 65) and even Domus (November 65). There are also those which devote themselves to this topic, and they make a valuable contribution to the ~- field - Casabella and Ekistics. The latter has .. 3 6

1/ 66 JOURNAL RAIC I L'IRAC 23 Concept based on village-club formula, Universities and property is transferred in order of priority. Bringing Beauty to the Bald Prairie; No wonder there is already a waiting list - A Hairy Architecture the developers of our Canadian waterfronts Fig 9 shows the first building for Wascana could well heed this example that achieves Centre Regina (Yamasaki architect) and tight urbanity with privacy and an ordered (Fig 1 0) dormitory buildings for the University use of the topography. of Alberta, Edmonton. At least the latter have their function easily identified in Ten Buildings that point the Future contrast to the former. Fortune, December 1965 Fig 11 is the University of Victoria ; it is difficult to understand why, with a fresh 9 Interestingly, the most come from University, start, without the impediment of an existing research or museum clients, w ith such diverse campus or other impressive factors, there is types as the garage by Mitcheii-Giurgola a lack of cohesion. (Fig 7), for the University of Pennsylvania. Surprisingly, these examples were built in the same century as the contrasting example of Simon Fraser, which uses the movement system as an organizing principle (architects design co-ordinators Erickson Massey).

7

A Structure Four Hundred Meters High Domus, October 1965

Presented in the usual mouthwatering slickness, characteristic of Domus, is this skyscraper (Fig 8) Quote, "A fundamental point in future structures will be the new relationship which can be created between functions at present quite distinct: technical, labour, and housing functions, inhabited structures may include the huge river-spanning bridges and viaducts, now reserved exclusively for vehicles". Perhaps one should not live in streets; it also, in the case of this high rise structure, ignores the centrifugal forces in city development. Decentralization does not require concentration. 8 12

24 JOURNAL RAIC / L' IRAC 1 / 66 About the Journal Quant au Journal

The difficulties in producing a national, submissions may still be made directly. It We guarantee the return of all such material, professional journal in a country of the size and is hoped, however, that the effect of this besides acknowledging its receipt. Where diversity of Canada are considerable. Rather network of representatives will be to make the warranted, the Journal might undertake than shrink from the challenge we wish to Journal more fully national in character. the presentation of rough material. The exploit this potential richness. We have, following is the list of the main topics of therefore, in a continuing effort to improve The system and procedures set up within the Journal for 1966, and a list of the the Journal, instituted a number of changes, the Journal offices will simplify contacts and elements in the new technical section to both organizational and graphic. The new facilitate contributions. The profession will appear each month on a twelve month cycle editorial organization across the country has be notified each year in advance of the appears on page 53. come into being; the publication system topics of the forthcoming issues, either as in within the Journal offices is in the process the present case in this article or, in future, Editorial Program for 1966 of refinement; and with this issue we begin in the form of an annual pin-up poster. our new graphic presentation. With this advance knowledge, contributors to January - Books the Journal need not at first submit finished February Libraries The new Journal Board is comprised chiefly presentation material. but amateur snap March City Hall (Part 2) of representatives of the Councils of every shots and prints of sections and plans to April Churches Provincial Association (see page 4) and of the describe the projects, or draft manuscripts for May Noise Control Institute's Council. The whole Board will literary work would be sufficient. This will June Urban Renewal now meet quarterly instead of, as previously, have to reach us no later than three months July Expo '67 once a year at the Annual Assembly, with before publication date, which will be the August Transportation monthly meetings of, chiefly, the Toronto 1Oth of every month. Although we shall September - Landscape Architecture members in between. acknowledge the receipt of all such material, October - Graphics we cannot guarantee its return. If, however. November - Universities Contributions may be channeled through, the project proves to be of interest to the December - Books- Annual Review and will be solicited by, these representatives. Journal, we shall notify the contributor and This does not mean they are the exclusive request presentation material. This will have Beginning with this issue is the new graphic source of material for the Journal- to reach us two months before publication. design and typography developed with our

Le Canada etant un pays vaste et bicultural, Journal pllmier siegera tous les trois mois par un envoi preliminaire de photos d'amateur c'est une tache considerable que d'y plutot, comme auparavant, qu'une fois par accompagnees de copies de plans et coupes publier une revue professionnelle. Plutot annee, a I'Assemblee Annuelle de l'lnstitut. des projets. que de baisser pavilion davant le dati, nous Des assembh~es des membres du Comite, esperons en tirer un enrichissement. principalement de Ia region de Toronto, auront Quand un projet sera accepte, nous avertirons lieu tous les mois. son auteur et lui demanderons de nous Dans un esprit d'amelioration continuelle, fournir Ia documentation necessaire. nous avons apporte de nombreux change­ Les sujets d'articles et contributions de ments, a Ia fois sur le plan de I' organisation projets peuvent etre transmis aux membres En 1966, les numeros du Journal porteront et sur le plan de Ia presentation graphique. provinciaux du Comite de Redaction ou principalement sur les sujets suivants: expedies directement au Journal. Un nouveau systeme de redaction pan­ Janvier Livres de Documentation canadien a eta instaure; le systeme de Nous esperons que ce reseau de repre­ Fevrier Bibliotheques publication du Journal a ate reorganise et sentants va developper le caractere national Mars Hotel de Ville de Toronto II est en voie d'amelioration ; avec ce numero, de notre revue. La nouvelle organisation Avril Eglises nous inaugurons notre nouvelle presentation interne du Journal va faciliter les contacts Mai lnsonorisation graphique. avec les membres de meme que leurs Juin Renovation Urbaine contributions. Juillet Expo '67 Le nouveau Comite du Journal est compose AoOt - Transports Publics principalement de representants des conseils La programmation des numeros se fera un Septembre - Architecture Paysagiste de chacune des Associations Provinciales an a l'avance et les membres en seront avises. et du Conseil de l'lnstitut. Le Comite du La presentation de projets sera simplifiee continue a Ia page 26, 3e colonne

1/66 JOURNAL RAIC/l'IRAC 26 graphics consultant, Anthony Mann of practices, appointments, changes of address. Octobre - Graphismes Design Collaborative, Limited, Toronto. All etc. These may be done anonymously by Novembre - Universit~s editorial content will now use this typeface, box number or by name and address. D~cembre Revue Annuelle des Livres with consistent headings, decks and Although descriptions of positions may be de Documentation captions throughout on a modular grid. We given, no mention will be made of scale of have standardized the index, and the remuneration. The Correspondence Section Sans publicit~. le Journal ne pourrait pas sections are clearly demarcated by the will, of course. continue, and we invite letters Atre publi~ gratuitement pour les membres. standard numbering. We have changed our of comment on subjects of interest to the No us avons distribu~ Ia publicit~ entre les paper to one with a non-glare surface for profession. pages ~ditoriales pour faciliter Ia lecture de Ia easier reading. revue. Nous esp6rons que Ia nouvelle In addition to these editorial sections, a pr~sentation graphique contribuera ~galement A dvertising r~sum~ of major features will be made in a augmenter le nombre de nos lecteurs et the other official language in which the feature a nous apporter plus de publicit~. II est a The Journal depends upon advertising for is published. noter que le Journal r6alise annuellement revenue; without it this professional journal des profits dont une partie est utilis~e a divers could only be published at considerable The organization here outlined is the least services rend us au Bureau-Chef de l'lnstitut cost to members. However, advertising difficult of our tasks. The most difficult, and the eta promouvoir I'expansion constante de indiscriminately spread through a publication most important, is the editorial content. nos activites. Les surplus annuels sont makes difficult reading. We have, therefore, It is our intent not to have a bland publica­ vers~s aux fonds gen~raux de l'lnstitut. to the benefit of both advertiser and reader, tion of official statements. distributed the advertising between the Nouvelles Rubriques sections of editorial content. We trust the new What is wanted is a lively presentation of graphics will further order the presentation professional views which should, like the best De nouvelles rubriques paraltront reguliere­ of the Journal, and warrant wider readership law or medical journals, command attention ment et comprendront: and hence justify further advertising. It is outside the profession as well as within. 1 La publication de projets canadiens et of interest to note that the Journal (except Our job is not that of a commercial glossy. internationaux, quelquefois avec des perhaps at the start of its 42 year history) It is to examine our subject matter in as commentaires critiques; operates at a profit, some of which now goes great a breadth and depth as our contributors 2 La Technique de Ia Construction; into various services the Journal performs and readership will allow. Instead of 3 Des travaux et projets de recherche des for RAIC Headquarters, mainly of a pictorialism, we would stress content; Ecoles d'Architecture; publication nature; and some of which is instead of novelty, profundity; instead of 4 Une section d'Annonces Cl ass6es devoted to our steadily expanding editorial commercialism, economy; instead of gratuites pour les membres. programs and activities. Any surplus at the end isolated virtuosity, building in context. We of the year goes into RAIC General Fund. wish to assist the establishment of high De plus, nous publierons des resumes standards of architecture; we wish to seek out fran~ais des principaux articles parus en New Editorial Features those principles that are a part of our anglais de mArne que des resumes anglais environment and time, that lead to an des articles fran~ais . We have added new regular features to architecture of service to the national appear in the Journal ; the Review Section community, and by example, contribute to Notre d~si r est de contribuer a l'etablissement will publish current works and projects in universal architectural standards. de normes architecturales elevees, d'etudier Canada and abroad to be noted in brief, with les problemas de notre profession en perhaps critical comment; a section on How well the Journal can assist in this profondeur, par le texte plus que par !'image. applied Architectural Technology will deal endeavour will depend now upon all of us with the elements of a building and will be who have architecture's interests at heart. La reussite de cette entreprise est liee a published monthly on an annual cycle; a We cannot hope to please everybody, but l'appui de tous ceux qui tiennent I' architecture Schools of Architecture section, we hope, will trust that what we do will be of interest and a coeur. bridge the too wide gap between schools value. However, we welcome criticism as a of architecture and the profession. Research spur to further improvement. But criticism Nous invitons Ia critique, comme moyen de projects, faculty work and matters of accompanied by contribution, would receive viser plus haut, mais Ia critique Ia plus educational policy will be published, as well the warmest welcome. constructive et Ia plus desirable est celle qui as student work. A Classified Column, free s'accompagne de Ia collaboration a notre to members, will publish advertisements for A. J. Diamond, revue. positions wanted or vacant, notices of Associate Editor

26 JOURNAL RAIC/L'IRAC 1/66 ASTM Building Features Projets

Logan Square, Philadelphia Archit ects Carroll, Grisdale & Van Alen

Program

To design a new headquarters building for this national society. The ASTM charter of March 21, 1 902 provides for the promotion of knowledge of the materials of engineering and the standardization of specifications and the methods of testing.

The main requirements of the Society are many, various sized meeting rooms for committees working on standards, and office space to conduct the ASTM business of distributing the standards to its members and the public. The ASTM is a non-profit organization.

Site

The site at 1 916 Race Street is an "L" shaped plot extending 286 feet to Cherry Street with a 40 foot frontage on Race Street and 93 foot frontage on Cherry Street. Converted houses and storage buildings occupied by ASTM were in existence on the site. The plot is between the Moore School of Design and the Academy of Natural Sciences fronting on Logan Circle (of the Benjamin Franklin Parkway) and approximately on axis with the Philadelphia Public Library on the opposite side of the circle.

Solution

Carroll, Grisdale & Van Alen's solution for the program on this narrow lot is a rather unusual one. It was rea lized that to the east the Academy may not remain in its present building for more than five years. When a 2 new building is built on this site, it will undoubtedly be built up to the party wall. Therefore, a party-wall has been erected on the east ASTM boundary. On the west the Moore School has just completed a building program and will probably remain stable for some long time. This permitted a solution that provides setbacks and windows along the west property line without fear of losing the present outlook. Several block studies were shown to the owner to illustrate the advantage of the setbacks versus building Ground Floor Plan solid between property lines. Plan du rez-de-chaussee 2 Second Floor Plan Plan du deuxieme etage

1166 JOURNAL RAIC / l'IRAC 27 3 West Elevation of Rectangular Building La fatade d' ouest du batiment rectangulier 4 Section Coupe 5 Elevation Fatade

The building height is limited along the Parkway in this area and is under jurisdiction of the Philadelphia Art Commission as well as the Zoning Code. The zoning on the site was part residential and part commercial and required an appeal to make certain changes in setbacks which were granted.

The Art Commission requested that we keep the cornice line of the ASTM building in line with that of the Moore School, and this was done.

With this research into the environment and codes affecting the site completed the Architects developed the final plan layout which was approved by the owner with very minor changes.

Structure

The large auditorium space on the first floor indicated the desirability of clear spans. The structure and resulting individuality of the design stems from this element in the plan. Exit requirements for auditorium space make it uneconomical to place it in any other location. The City Building Code limits its location to one floor above grade. Together with Severud Elstad and Krueger, the structural engineers, the Architects developed a series of steel trusses spanning 80' longitudinally with 20' cantilevers at either end and spanning 60 feet in the opposite direction with 33" deep beams 3 10' -0" on center. Corrugated steel deck spans the 10 feet between beams with 2W' concrete fill above. This steel deck serves as a flexible underfloor conduit system.

- _F I I I I I ' Ill II lUU 4 5

28 JOURNAL RAIC/L'IRAC 1/66 6 Typical Office Une bureau typique 7 Corner Detail - Office Building Detail d'angle - Batiment de Bureaux 8 Entrance Detail - Looking into Garden Detail de Ia cour d'entree et vue sur le jardin

Concentrated loads resulting from these The Function of ASTM large spans in both directions necessitated using clusters of (16) 120 ton piles. Speci­ ASTM is a unique society. With its head­ fications called for 16" diameter steel pipe quarters in Philadelphia, Pa., and the majority with %" thick walls filled with 4000 lb. of its members resident in the USA, it is concrete driven to refusal into rock. Average international in character, having some length of piles is 20 feet. members in 73 countries. Its publications are distributed throughout the world. The City Code does not permit the use of such high bearing valves without testing to The Society is concerned with the develop­ twice the design load or 240 tons. The first ment of standards and specifications for all test was placed on a pile driven with a types of materials, and with the vast amount 15000 lb. hammer and failed to meet the of materials research that lies behind such minimum settlement requirement. Two later standardization activity. Originally, ASTM tests using a 24000 lb. hammer produced standards served the engineering field only satisfactory test results. but in recent years the experience thus gained has been extended in other directions 6 The soil conditions at the site are a mixture of such as peat, and surgical implant materials. gravel and decomposed rock which provides excellent drainage. The reinforced concrete ASTM now publishes well over 3,000 slab and walls of the basement were damp­ standards. These appear in 34 well-printed proofed only. The major portion of the bound volumes, with a total pagination of building is faced with precast concrete about 20,000. The complete set of volumes panels, 4%'' in thickness. Glazing of the is issued afresh each year, since all the hexagonal shaped windows within these standards are under constant review and are panels is by use of a 1 %" concrete lug and revised and updated regularly. a neoprene gasket. The panels are hung on the steel frame by use of steel clips with 3 The work of the Society centers around the dimensional adjustment. preparation and revision of the standards. with due attention to current research work The steel is completely fireproofed with a through the medium of special technical sprayed asbestos which has also been applied meetings. Almost 1 00 main technical to the inside face of the precast panels to committees, working through about 2,000 serve as an insulation. The interior finish of sub-committees and working groups, are the wall is plaster on metal lath and furring responsible for all the standardization work, channels. assisted by the expert ASTM headquarters staff. Annual meetings of the Society usually Cost feature over 11 00 committee meetings with an attendance of several thousand members. The cost of the building, $2,1 00,000 for 65,000 square feet of gross area, amounts to ASTM Standards are, therefore, well known $32.30 per square foot. The 21 foot floor throughout the world. In Canada they form to floor height of the first floor and 14 foot the technical basis for many of the standards story heights of the other floors amounts to issued by the Canadian Standards Associa­ a cubage of 1,008,225 or 2.08 per cubic foot. tion, as well as being w idely used directly in more specialized fields. The RAIC These costs include the additional costs of Representative on the Technical Committee the foundations and structure to accept an is James B. Craig, Ottawa. In the inter­ additional four floors as well as provisions for national sphere, many ASTM Standards future mechanical equipment in the base­ have provided the basis for ISO " Recom­ ment. The irregular shaped lot also has some mendations" . effect on the square foot costs. 8

1166 JOURNAL RAIC I L"IRAC 29 Book Reviews 1 A fuller list of books of this genre is given at the end of this article.

2 Webber, in fact. wrote this nearly three years before Kaplan's talk.

3 See Vernon's remarks about the most nucleated North American Metropolis, New York, Raymond, Vernon, Metropolis 1985 (Cambridge : Harvard University Press, 1960). p . 224.

4 John Friedmann and John Miller, "The Urban Field", Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 31 (November 1965), pp. 312-320.

T he Shape of Things to Come in Urban Development- A Review Melvin Webber, in an essay from one of tiona! or commercial node, and highly these books, appears to be echoing Kaplan concentrated in terms of people, facilities, when he writes, we have mistaken for "urban and activities. The medieval city was the The Regional City chaos" what is more likely to be a newly prototype of the traditional city, but the small emerging order whose signal qualities are city of North America was a reasonable Harold Kaplan, Canadian Broadcasting complexity and diversity.2 analogy. The increasing metropolitanization Corporation ; 1965, 52 pages, $1 .25 of our cities starting around the turn of this None of these books, then, spends its time century led to another image of the city Cities and Space either glorifying the central city or denounc­ being adopted, the metropolis. This is the ing the suburbs. Each in its own w ay is an image of the "mother city" with its heartblood Lowdon Wingo Jr., Editor, Johns Hopkins attempt to view the present realities of urban of commercial activities and job opportunities Press for Resources for the Future, Baltimore, development and thereby derive the pros­ and its brood of dormitory towns surround­ in Canada Copp Clark, Toronto ; 1963, pects for the shape of things to come in ing it and physically linked to the core by 261 pages, $5.50 urban areas. Their perspectives on the future transportation. It should be clear to most include the spatial patterns of activities in observers and participants in urban devel­ Explorations into Urban Structure urban areas, the patterns of political decision­ opment that neither of these images fit making, the social and economic facets of today·s cities in North America. For example. Melvin M . Webber, et a/, University of urban growth, and the legal basis for downtown areas in the central cities of our Pennsylvania Press, in Canada Smithers & achieving urban development goals. It will metropolitan areas are no longer the principal Bone/lie Ltd., Toronto; 1963, 246 pages, be useful, before looking at the books in destinations of most workers and shoppers, $6.50 some detail, to view briefly the " urban and few suburbs any longer adhere to the ground" from which this new crop of books idea of a pure dormitory situation.3 As to Urban Growth Dynamics has bloomed. the former point, Toronto, with all its recent growth, has no more people working in its F. Stuart Chapin Jr. and Shirley F. Weiss, II. downtown area today that it had thirty Editors, John Wiley and Sons, in Canada years ago. Renouf, Montreal; 1962, 484 pages, $8.95 For nearly two decades, we have been engaged in a war on urban problems- in One of the most striking features of current I. the realm of housing, traffic, downtown urban growth is the increasing attractiveness areas, recreation, etc. But often, in recent years, of the periphery of urban areas to the new Professor Kaplan of York University, in the students of the urban scene as well as metropolitan populations. It has space, it little book that records his talks on politics and policy-makers have sensed that the tactics has scenery, it usually contains communities planning in metropolitan areas for the CBC, being used to deal with the problems were that remain from an earlier period of settle­ issues the following invitation : not completely appropriate to the situation. ment and preserve a measure of integrity, There is Lewis Mumford's classic observation and it is easily accessible given the recent Pick up any book on cities in North America that freeways were often conceived as rivers improvements in highways and increased today and you very likely will see ... the flowing only one way, i .e., taking traffic leisure t ime from which some travel time may author will talk about "hopeless metropolitan away from congested urban centers, when, be allocated. These trends have been gener­ sprawl" and the "suburban attack on our indeed, they gave increased accessibility ated by increasing real income, increasing cities". The emerging regional metropolis is to the center and encouraged still more leisure time, and increasing mobility.4 seen as an ugly one, built around the car, traffic to pour in. As these inconsistencies There is little likelihood of any decline in the freeway, and the parking lot. between tactics and actual problem needs these trends. If present consumption patterns have come to be recognized there also has of urban dwellers are any guide, we can I was intrigued by this challenge and so I come the realization to some, at least. that we expect the expanded incomes will be used picked up, well, not just any book, but four must now deal with a new concept of a city. to purchase space, privacy, travel, education, of a recent crop of important books on culture, and recreation. While the prospects cities in North America. None of these books, The late Catherine Bauer Wurster, in her for a 30-hour week mean the mass of nor others one could cite, take the doctrinaire incisive way, has said, the traditional concept people will have two-thirds of their waking approach that Kaplan so rightly condemns.1 of"city" was something that any bright child hours unallocated. US authorities expect a Indeed, the authors in the books I chose could explain quite well (and) that image tripling of outdoor recreation demands in the concur in Professor Kaplan's view that our does not fit our present-day communities. . . . coming three decades. And crystallizing the urban areas now reflect new life styles and The traditional city was largely self-contained, effects of the trends in income and leisure that we need to view them by new dimensions. generally concentric about some institu- time is the possibility of travelling farther

30 JOURNAL RAIC / L' IRAC 1 166 5 M elvin M . Webber, "The Roles of Intelligence Systems in Urban Systems Planning", Journal of t he American Institute of Planners, 31 (November 1965), pp 289- 297.

6 One of the most select and best known of this group, Catherine Bauer Wurster, has, unfortunately, died since this collection appeared.

afield in less time, given imminent improve­ •• • • ••• .. . and extent of "linkages" that relate indi­ ments in tra nsportation, such as the automated ... .•...... viduals. groups, firms, etc. These aspatial highway. A counterpart of transportation is, . .. ..: :. ·.;'\'i, .... : . . linkages are manifest, according to Webber, of course, communications and the improve­ ...... ~"" .. . . . into patterns of human interaction, a physical -!: • • ,ft•• T: •• • • ments in that realm are only too obvious. ~~ - ·;.~~·: :·:·: form of space adaptation to human activities .~.. .-;~- ~-- Explorations and transportation and communications a~(.--~· These trends are thus leading to a new ...... 7!C...... networks, and a pattern of activity loca tions urban image. It is one that, in its spatial ;.::__1, •c· ( ..:•, ·.. ~ • . • wherein types of activities according to ~ . _.. , pattern, w ill be more dispersed with devel­ . .. into Urban their economic function or social role are .,.:.. .. ·~fl. ~.. ,· ~ .• opment scattered over large areas. It is one '...tv·~ ,: ...... ···· """1~··~··~-·. • . distributed. William Wheaton offers a t hat with regard to most urban activities, will ·. ..-. ·:·.. =· ·:··~ .. :. Srruct:ure. thoughtful view on the agents of change in not constrain activities to only one or a few : .• :-:~·,:..• . ! . . urban areas and concludes that the "direct ••. ....• •: :!.. :·... • . locations. Firms and households will want to • •• =.:-: •• ... exercise of public policy upon decisions to and will be able to choose from among a .....· . shape metropolitan growth appears unlikely to wide variety of locations. And, by virtue of .. :· .·.. . . be effective.. .." And he provides sufficient the locational freedom, it will be an urban . . . evidence to validate this conclusion, which . .. ; ... ·. area which is, at once, both more complex ... · ...... • . he reckons can only be changed by providing and more diverse. One of the important .•.. comprehensive market data to both public consequences of the latter tendency w ill be .-=-··. . and private decision-makers, by developing •• •• MdvinM Wc!-b

1 / 66 JOURNA L RAlC/ L.lRAC 31 actions which "prime" urban development organization of cities in space. They attempt and those which are "secondary", or triggered to assess the real alternatives, their costs by the priming actions. Priming decisions and benefits, "the gainers and losers" , and to are made in both the public sector (highway weave these considerations into a view of locations and utilities locations) and the the future. private sector (large-scale investments in land for industry or shopping centers). Wingo opens the collection of essays by They set the stage for secondary decisions­ putting urban space into a policy perspective. e.g., park acquisitions, street widening, He says, quite correctly, that what we small-scale subdivision, mortgage-financing, characteristically refer to as "the urban home-building, and so on. The two together problem" is, in fact, a bundle of issues make up the set of decisions which fashion concerned with urban space as a resource development as a whole. and the structural dimensions of that space. That is, cities exist in space, the activities One f inal comment on the book is that it comprising the cities occupy space, and seeks explanations of urban development in space is a friction to be overcome in the terms of human behavior, that is, what interaction of urban activities. The concept of choices people make and where. Behavior urban space takes its meaning from the patterns are based on people's values or notion of a complex organization of nucleated attitudes and, as a result of day-to-day needs activities, and this meaning changes over and desires for interaction between house­ time as it has already through the town, holds, between households and work places, city, and metropolis. The policy issues he between firms, etc.. location choices are sees as paramount for an emerging urban made. In other words, these authors see the pattern which is much more dispersed than at decisions made by people, firms, and groups present are threefold: one, the utilization of more concentrated North American metro­ being the critical point in the sequence of the capital investment that has been cumula­ politan areas, i.e., centralization, decentraliza­ events in a location being chosen to set tively built up in the downtown core; two, the tion accompanying the expansion of mass down some activity. This is a quite different nature of the transportation and communi­ transit and electric power, suburbanization, approach from much other urban research, cations systems we wish to sustain in and, more recently, scatterization. In this where statistical aggregates of zones (such metropolitan areas; and three, the manage­ sense, the Piedmont Crescent cities may as in transportation studies) are judged to ment of open land in a quickly decentralizing well be the counterpart of the cluster of reflect a set of attitudes contained w ithin the region. cities in west-central Ontario such as zone. It is conceded in many quarters that London, Stratford, Kitchener, St Thomas the behavioral approach is the correct Melvin Webber again comes up with one of and Chatham. direction to be taken in recognizing and his interesting titles, Order in Diversity: trying to understand the complexity of Community Without Propinquity, and it The book is divided into four sections, in decisions which affect growth in our urban again introduces a provocative essay. His which are gathered together the results of areas. view here is that the various forces that are similar studies that were undertaken, each breaking down the traditional urban pattern involving intensive statistical analysis. The Cities and Space, edited by Lowdon Wingo, constitute a liberation of human energies four sections are concerned with, respectively, Jr from a symposium sponsored by Resources and a proliferation of opportunity for human economic forces affecting urban develop­ for the Future on the factors affecting the interaction. In other words, he sees nothing ment; the social and political variables that use of urban space in the coming generation, inherently evil in a Los Angeles-type of impinge on urban development, such as focuses on the policy alternatives available urban pattern, but rather that it reflects a new leadership, ethnic groupings, the role of the to society in shaping its metropolitan life style that has analogies in most large planner, etc. ; the social "correlates" of urban development. This book thus differs from urban areas in Canada and the U.S. Within growth, including attitudes toward living the first two in that it asks "given legal, such a pattern, all of the things which go conditions, acculturation of newcomers to political, cultural, and economic constraints, to make up an urban area could be organized the city, career possibilities of urban what is possible ?" The various authors. of by functional relations rather than by prox­ residents; a systematic analysis of changing whom only Melvin Webber and Catherine imity (propinquity). Stanley Tanke! opts land development patterns. The latter section Bauer Wurster contributed to the previous out of this prospect and into one that would is perhaps the most stimulating, since it volumes, involved themselves in the issues have a great deal of concentration in its attempts to pin down the effects of the which stem directly from the changing urban activities, such as Manhattan where

32 JOURNAL RAIC / L'IRAC 1 / 66 master framework in urban policy-making to deal with large-scale urban development. and development. One is struck by the This he concedes is not in the offing in CITIES and SPACE over-simplified view of cities as expounded most Canadian provinces. In some ways it THE FUTURJ!, USE by Guttheim when set in the context of is too bad that Kaplan had not dealt with this volume. And Leonard Duhl takes up the possibilities that Wheaton and Guttenberg OF URBAN LAND this argument in his essay by stating that raise in "Explorations" about the use of the fruits of urban design are not always better information systems and other tactics • • • synonomous with humanism nor always to serve in the interim until metropolitan • consistent with the social and psychic needs government becomes both a reality and an • of urban humanity. He serves up this effective instrument for directing urban • • message eloquently through a story about development, the latter of which cannot be ••• fl . a young man from a disadvantaged part of said to exist even in Toronto. a large city. Roland Artie in a lucid piece • •• indicates how the complex decisions affect­ IV. • • ing urban development can be formalized • into decision models in order to test the This choice of books, and the others listed • ••• outcomes of public policy. Charles Haar, from below, was made to show that recent investi­ his vantage point of the field of law, urges gations reveal a complexity in urban systems ••••• planners to be clear about their objectives not previously suspected. They show, I in order that the legal institutions that often hope, that neatly compartmentalized arrange­ ••• must adjudicate the worth of particular ments of urban settlements must now be • • urban development can give fair judgments. posed against findings of networks of Sti~AYS l"flOM Ul¥. ~0 'VIH \XNU'"­ Finally, Henry Fagin crystallizes these various highly interdependent activities performed Ht;SOURCt.:.~ l'(>l\ I if rt• I HS YO UtU viewpoints and opportunities for develop­ by households, firms. social groups, govern­ ment into a policy synthesis in which he ment agencies, and so on. These writings he is, incidentally, Director of the Regional suggests the first order of metropolitan are a reflection of asking how an urban system Plan Association. He argues for a contrast business is to transform governmental works in order to find out what it is. They between city and countryside and also sets out arrangements for the planning and develop­ also show clearly that we must deal with the possible organization of open space to ment of metropolitan regions. flows of money, goods, services, people, achieve his desired prospect. He prescribes information, etc., as well as with the stocks open space criteria in an urban design sense The Regional City, by Harold Kaplan, offers of people, goods, buildings. and wealth ranging from the street, community, to the a broad view of the politics which affect the which initiate the flows. Maybe most impor­ county. Catherine Bauer Wurster argues nature of urban development. He uses many tant from this planner's point of view is the that neither Webber nor Tankel has posed Canadian examples and thereby provides a obvious implication that this complexity of the really critical problem in metropolitan useful comparison with U.S. examples of cities which we are coming to understand spatial organization: the nature of urban metropolitan politics from which the bulk means a merging of the actors, the profes­ development as related to the individual and of his theoretical backing is derived. We sionals, that put into practice the desires his needs as a human being. She poses a now find out, for example, that the political of the urban dwellers who are our clients. We series of alternatives based on a four-fold response of the central city and the suburbs are forced by the complexity to recognize classification in which the axes range, of Toronto. or Winnipeg, or Vancouver the limits of our particular professional respectively, from concentration to disper­ differ little from that recorded for Boston, viewpoints and training and must. therefore, sion and from region-wide specialization to Philadelphia and San Francisco. That is, realize the necessity of closer working rela­ region-wide integration. The possibilities in that city governments, in general, do not tionships rather than jealously guarded her schema cover, at least, the super-city, have the power to make a comprehensive and professional empires. In fact, it is doubtful general dispersion, present trends projected vigorous attack on central city decay and whether the present trends in urban devel­ which fall somewhere between the first that there are not effective leadership opment will long endure the latter position two. and a constellation of relatively diversified arrangements in Canadian local government to prevail. and integrated cities. She personally favors to get things moving. In the suburbs, the the latter alternative. lack of effective power and leadership Gerald Hodge, Assistant Professor, constra ins action on new development. Division of Town & Regional Planning, Frederick Guttheim picks up Tankel's theme Kaplan argues for metropolitan government University of Toronto of urban design and extends it to its logical as a way of overcoming the "fractionalization" conclusion by asserting that design be the of local power and, thus, making it possible

1/66 JOURNAL RAIC/L'IRAC 33 The Aging City: Factors Related to t he The students engaged in this project were be seen in the chapter on the biological Gray Area Problem in Chicago fortunate in that they were operating in one of analogy where l innaeus, Button, Bichat, the most heavily studied areas in the U.S.• lamarck, Vicq-d'Azyr, Schleiden, Cuvier. University of Illinois, Department of Urban and a wealth of material was available. The Saint-Hilaire, Milne-Edwards, von Baer. Planning and Landscape Architecture, value of this exposure to the participants was von Humboldt, Bernard, Roux, and Darwin, Advance Studio probably very great; however, there was as well as Winckelmann, Montesquieu, de University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 1965. little in the way of insight or techniques to Goguet, Goethe, Spencer, Young, Coleridge, 101 pages hold the interest of the professional, and the Herder, Giedion. Descartes, Fergusson, uneven quality of the materi al and of the Singer. Beaudelaire, Viollet-le- Due, Perret, This mimeographed publication is essentially writing would not attract the layman. Ruskin, and Scott, are brought into a discus­ a compendium of papers by graduate stu­ sion of the relationship between form and dents of the Department of Urban Planning If one has a special interest in the approach function and what Wright meant by an and landscape Architecture of the University taken by one university in one of its courses organic architecture. of Illinois. As such it must be judged mainly for urban planners. this report may be worth in terms of function as an educational exer­ a reading. The author's ruthless intellectuality tends to cise and only secondarily as a contribution disappear as the book progresses. In chapter to an understanding of the problems of Samuel J. Cullers thirteen he records the historical fact that the aging areas of cities. inventing was a profession in the nineteenth Changing Ideals in Modern century and that Edison took out over a Architecture thousand patents ranging from dictaphones to concrete houses. In chapter twenty-two he Peter Collins records his critical belief that there can be McGill University Press, Montreal, 1965, no such comprehensive skill as designing 309 pages, $12.50 which would enable one to tackle anything from toothpaste tubes to ocean liners. This Professor Collins writes as an historian and insertion of a highly personal commentary an architect. His historical research commands does not spoil the first part of the book as it is respect, his use of it does not. restricted to the opening and closing para­ graphs of chapters. later, good history is In the mid-eighteenth century a number of submerged by bad theory. architectural events took place that showed the Renaissance was over. At the same time, Before 1750, the author points out, there conveniently for Marxist philosophers. the was no conflict between architectural theory industrial revolution began to transform and history since antiquity was a contem­ England though it was delayed in France by porary source. Nowadays, as there is a the ancien regime. Today we look back and crucial difference between the way buildings grudgingly concede that we have more in are built and the way they were built, there common with the confusion that then took is no justification for confounding the The purpose of the exercise was to explore place than with the monolithic certainty of the distinctive task of each. Collins does not the nature and functions of "gray areas" preceding period. This is our span of modern practise what he preaches. He draws leading to formulation of appropriate programs architecture through whose changing ideals attention to the impracticability of eighteenth of treatment. Starting from an effort to place we are taken by the author. century Prix de Rome projects and says these areas in a metropolitan perspective, that he does so because this is characteristic the papers undertake a very brief review of His descriptions of the various revivals are of academic projects today. Other remarks "gray area" theory and the "testing" of excellent and his references constitute a such as "all young architects regard them­ these against Chicago planning and renewal comprehensive bibliography of English and selves as creative artists" and " It is no programs. The last papers on the Housing French sources. These are not narrowly coincidence that Anglo-Saxon cooking is Market residential rehabilitation which are limited to architectural topics but shrewdly proverbially bad, for bad food and bad followed by two essentially "area studies" on take in those that give analogical insight. architecture both derive from the sam e a residential neighbourhood and a commer­ Discussing the influence of historiography, philosophical disease" make one wonder cial strip are perhaps relevant, but appear Collins not only refers to the Gothic romance whether these observations refer to the world to be merely attached to the preceding novels but has obviously read them. That at large, to Canada, or are in some way materials. this erudition has some disadvantages can autobiographical.

34 JOURNAL RAIC / l 'IRAC 1 / 66 The most interesting thread of the book for supposedly more comprehensive books. this reviewer shows how the demand for Thank God! At last somebody has discovered a new architecture arose in the first half of the that architecture is more than fa~adism; nineteenth century and why it frustrated that architecture begins from the plan and critics and humbled architects. The most it must be shown. amusing chapter in a book that mentions but does not discuss the ideal of architecture Another pleasure is the presenting of some as a social influence in a century of reform­ buildings which have been largely unknown ing zeal is entitled the gastronomic analogy. and are very exciting. like: Burnham's But then Collins has wit and the book ends ("make no little plans") Fisher Building, on a joke. Giedion's terminology will probably Perkins' Carl Schurz High School and persist, whatever interpretations we give it, Purcell, Feick and Elmslie's Edison Shop. because of the modern credulous appetite for pseudo-scientific mumbo-jumbo . . .. On the other side, the inclusion of some of It is even to be found outside architectural the other work, particularly later buildings, writings. as for example in a recent socio­ casts doubt on the consistency of the author's logical periodical where, in an article entitled choices. And how could this guide book "A Study of Free - Time Activities of 200 leave out some of the greatest work of Aged Persons", their Space-Time activities America's greatest architect, Unity Church are carefully described. Yet here, on close and the Winslow House for two? What other examination, it is apparent that "space-time great and near great buildings have been activities" was simply a misprint for "spare­ left out, one wonders? time activities", and one may perhaps be excused for wondering whether a similar With all that sa id, let me add, somewhat typographical transposition has not occurred shamefacedly, that I have never been to in one or two recent books on modern art. Chicago. This book. however, will be with me when I finally go, along w ith two others Get it? that I, for different reasons, value: Gideon's "Space, Time and Architecture", for first Anthony Jackson telling me of Chicago's greatness, and Grant environment so clear-eyed that one might Manson's " Frank Lloyd Wright, the First Chicago's Famous Buildings question whether Wright could have produced Golden Age", for first telling me of Wright's such st.rong work so early anywhere but in greatness and thus is able to fill in the gaps Edited by Arthur Siegel Chicago. For this reason alone, this inexpen­ left by the newest book. The University of Chicago Press, in Canada sive paperback is a delight. All cities should University of Toronto Press: 1965, 230 pages. have guide books to direct the visitor and So with the exception of Mies's work and $2.95-$1.00 paperback even the dweller to its historic architecture that of some few others. the more contem­ and in several ways this book is an exceptional porary work included in " Chicago's Famous In one stroke, as sometimes happened in example of the type. Buildings" is not in the same league with Sigfried Gideon's lectures, the link between the earlier work by a more virile breed of the Chicago School and modern architecture First, I must congratulate the author for cat. Only Mies. with his Germanic directness became clear to me when I heard him including many plans of buildings, most of and simplicity, his "ten-fingered grasp of describe Mies van der Rohe with Louis which are not readily available elsewhere; rea lity", can match that earlier era that Sullivan's phrase, "a man with a ten-fingered as well as some interior photographs. Who flowered from 1880 to 1915 in Chicago. per­ grasp of reality". In spite of Gideon's has ever seen a plan of the Adler and Sullivan haps American architecture's finest moment. convincing comments in "Space, Time and Auditorium Building, the Reliance Building, Architecture", the early buildings of this the Monadnock Building. the Charnley House, Macy DuBois most American of cities have been largely the Carson Pirie Scott Building, or the E-Z undervalued. While Europe was struggling Polish Building (that early Wright work, so with manifestoes and organizing schools such recently re -discovered by Grant Manson)? as the Bauhaus to destroy eclecticism, They are here. This reviewer can only applaud Chicago architects had already created a the happy inclusion of these drawings so new clarity. This rationalism produced an often left out of more expensive and

1/66 JOURNAL RAICIL'IRAC 35 * In my first year in architecture school, I heard Gropius say this on his return from a tour of Japan. It sums up the struggle of the artist with his work. It is the first potent phrase I remember from my architectural education and it becomes more clearly true as the years pass.

lse: Prototype of Japanese in a thatched roof) closure weights. This Architecture item became such a mark of distinction that one war lord forbade its use except on his Tange Kenzo and Norboru Kawazoe own buildings and shrines. Not known to MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, in me before was that there are two lse shrines Canada General Publishing Co. , Don Mills, very similar in plan and design with the Ontario; 1965,212 pages, $19.25 slight stylistic differences in each revealing something of the nature of the style itself. Contemporary Japanese architecture interests me in its struggle to free itself from its wood This is an unusual architectural photography stylisms. Traditional Japanese architecture book in that the text adds greatly to the attracted me without revealing its secrets. I understanding of the pictures. I am grateful was ready for this book. Its intentions are that some of the puzzle of the Japanese modest, to explain the lse shrines, but it is style has been solved for me. I shall return immensely successful in explaining the to this book again and again. wood style in both its anachronisms and constructional honesty. It is among the Macy DuBois best architectural books in years. It skinned my eyes. Office Design: A Study of Environment very act of rebuilding woven into the sense John Burchard, in a short introduction, of awe. The Pilkington Research Unit, Edited by quotes Walter Gropius' Zen Dictum "Develop Peter Manning an infallible technique and then place Long ago Western architecture, by contrast, Department of Building Science, University yourself at the mercy of inspiration" . • had to all purposes left wood for stone in of Liverpool, 1965, 160 pages, 30s Caught in a web of superb technique, the its important buildings; so much so that Japanese are having difficulty adjusting to it has blunted their designer's sense of the As the title suggests, this small book is in the materials and methods of our era. powerful effect of natural pattern and texture fact a report on "a study of environment Paradoxically, Western architects could well in the surface itself. In addition, while which was based on the design and perform­ use some of this sense of detail to warm Western architecture moved from Sigfried ance of office buildings and office space, their own overly methodical manner. So it is Gideon's first space concept (objects in space) and people's attitudes towards the offices that in understanding the traditional style, to the second (hollowed out space) to the they use. It is not strictly a research report, we better understand contemporary architec­ third (shaped exterior space), Japanese in the sense that the term is normally used, ture in that which it has and has not achieved. architecture had hovered on the threshold nor is it a design guide. Instead it sets out to of the second with no solutions, comparable provide a picture of environment 'in the This book talks beautifully about technique to the Roman vault, for example. Certainly round', as it is seen from the present stage and gives some comments. guesses, and these shrines, like Greek temples. are objects of development of the Pilkington Research history of the reasons. It does this by discuss­ in space with only the priests allowed within Unit's studies of the total environment ing the serene and moving lse shrines and the shrine itself. What we do see internally within buildings". then carries this wider to a beginning is much of what we see externally, natural discussion of other Japanese shrine surface and texture, not poetic space. The book is broken into four parts. The first architecture. part is a one page foreword which outlines the Some of what baffles us about these lse aims of the report and the terms of reference With roots as old as that of Greek architec­ shrines. and Japanese architecture in general, intended and appropriate credits. Stage ture, with the abundance of wood and turns out to be stylistic non-functional Two, Summary and Conclusions, is a short the prevalence of severe earthquakes, the anachronisms. For instance the shigi turn section which, in a general sense, probably Japanese rarely used stone. While many of out to be ornamental vestiges of " the continu­ provides the most rewarding part of the the other shrines used painted wood, the ation of crossed gable-members forming whole book. Stage Three, Part One, is broken lse shrines left it unpainted, preserving thC' V-shaped projections above the ridge" into separate environmental studies relative visual " impact of new wood, with its charac­ which in the past needed to be tied together to spatial, visual, thermal. aural and external teristic fragrance". With the necessity to but now, with iron, do not need to sail past. environment. The second part of Stage Three show reverence other than in the permanence Or the Katusuogi, wood cylinders set cross­ is a case study of the Co-operative Insurance of stone, they hit upon the idea of rebuild­ wise on the ridge as a mark of prestige Society Limited Building in Manchester, ing the shrine every 20 years with the which earlier served as ridge (so vulnerable Britain's tallest office building at that time.

36 JOURNAL RAIC / L'IRAC 1/ 66 This section is described as a study of "the observations along the way. It is not in any and an imaginative scholar has produced a total environment". The Fourth and last sense a working study in that it is only a book which is at once aesthetically gratifying stage, and almost half of the book, is presentation of the situation as it is now and and challenging in its basic theme. Appendices relating to the studies previously although broken down into painstaking referred to. The last part of the Appendices detail. is only the "average" opinion or Since 1960 the authors have been working outlines a study project determining "the condition. There is obviously a certain on a general survey of timbered medieval influence of office size on the individual and predictability in the resu lts of the study. The barns. churches and manor halls in Europe. on supervisory and managerial processes". conclusion, if any, is probably simply that For some fifteen years Professor Horn has This particular project is outlined in copious environment does have an effect on personnel been exploring the vernacular bases and detail resulting in an impressive array of and that this effect can be measured or at sources of medieval building. This theme tables. This section includes examples of all least polled, a conclusion which hardly has proven immensely fruitful, as historians of the questionnaires, graphs and model comes as a surprise. Unfortunately, almost have turned from a tired recapitulation of the used in the studies. no one in the field of office buildings, including major monuments of the past to a more the architect, is primarily or even strongly discerning emphasis upon the customary Although in the foreword it is stated that concerned about the effects of environment modes of building, the influence of climatic "This report aims to provide a global picture on the occupants. factors and a search for the underlying logic of the environment in modern office build­ and practical good sense of builders in the ings", it certainly does not. The book is designed by Alan G. Swerdlow, N DD. Unfortunately the handsome cover This is very much a British book; it is almost and frontispiece are interesting photos of only applicable to the British environment. U.S. buildings leading one to look forward While its scope in Britain is obviously very to better things to come; this is truly a case complete in some aspects, it could not by of not telling a book by its cover. The interior any stretch of the imagination be said to be photos are not very good and I am afraid representative of a "global" picture. The that unless the reader were British and book does not examine U.S. or other examples specifically interested in this local survey, although it acknowledges that "no other the book is somewhat dull. country seems to have exerted any major influence ...". It is not therefore a study John Gallop of the most extensive or best thinking in office building. The Barns of The Abbey of Beaulieu As a study, it does not attempt to draw at its Granges of Great Coxwell and conclusions or act as a critique or even Beaulieu St Leonards suggest that the results of its surveys are good or bad, it simply publishes the results of the Walter Horn and Ernest Born survey for what they are worth, making University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1965, 73 pages, $10.00

J I. A slim but elegant volume, this monograph describing the construction of two surviving historic cultures. Where others have empha­ Cistercian abbey barns of the Middle Ages sized the impact and effect of the indigenous is a handsome example of the bookmaker's art. Mediterranean style upon the architecture of J-ot The colour plates and full page section Byzantium, Islam and the Renaissance in ... drawings by Ernest Born are marvels of the South, Horn has evolved an extremely crisp and lucid architectural drawing which ingenious theory linking the high pitched exactly describe the structure, the details and gabled barns and timber houses of the North the interlocking of the great timber roofs. Sea coast and Germany to the characteristic No rhetorical flourishes or fashionable tricks nave and aisle plan of the Romanesque --" obscure the drawings which are intelligently abbey church. . related to the text and to the accompanying J photographs. The sympathetic collaboration Not since Strzygowski's seminal studies into r I - between a most accomplished graphic artist the timber vernacular of the Middle Ages

1/66 JOURNAL RAIC/l'IRAC 37 has there been a comparable effort to establish live with day to day such as economics, the A strong re lationship between the Expression­ a convincing link between the work of the existing structure of an environment or ist movement in Germany after World War I master carpenters and master masons of such a basic thing as suitable local building and the architectural ideas of the time is Northern Europe. As this series of studies materials. Th e architecture of Fantasy is not carefully and clearly presented. Even the most develops it will be most interesting to see "Buck Rogers" forth is would have to be based casual student of cinema understands the how this theme will affect studies of the on suitability and function - however film "The Cabinet of Doctor Ca ligari" in the later Gothic where the marked parallel imaginary. On the other hand, a Utopian context of this movement in Germany, which between the scale of perpendicular detailing Architecture would be that total situation of had its influence not only in films, but in all and timber panelling often has been remarked Architectural freedom which might exist the art forms, including Architecture. This upon. as a result of complete and real social fulfill­ book does properly present the important ment - the simple result of a completely architectural realization of this movement The alternation of arched braced rafters in satisfactory world. A Utopian Architecture and relates it to the re mainder of the period. the barn at Great Coxwell Berkshire with might be fantastic in our eyes but only trusses braced by three-way struts may be because the euphoric state of perfection in Several serious omissions occur in what is compared with the splay of tiercerons and which it could be created is perhaps beyond otherwise a complete and carefully prepared diagonal ribs in a medieval vault which achieve our comprehension. text. An important part of such a book rigidity by the three dimensional interlocking could be a psychological examination which of linear elements into a rigid cage. Certainly considered the nature of the individual the parallel between the ra king struts of designer as well as the time and location in timber frames and the flying ribs of fourteenth which the designs were created. This should century vaults as at St Mary Warwick is too be examined both for works which came marked to be overlooked. The confirmation out of a strong national or artistic environ­ of a date early in the thirteenth century for ment as well as those works of "individual" Great Coxwell adds a depth and continuity fancy such as is found in the Towers of to our studies of timber building particularly Watts constructed by Simone Rodilla near helpful in the study of later timber roofs. Los Angeles from 1 921 to 1954. More examples of architecture without Architects Touching upon the barn at Ter Doest, could have been presented, particularly Flanders, the authors in a closely reasoned Eastern examples. Palace architecture of the argument reconstruct the fabric of Beaulieu last half of the 19th century in India would St Leonards in Hampshire. A pretty piece of surely qualify as Fantastic. Finally a more detective work here. By arguing back from complete presentation of Fantastic /Utopian the trace of the truss on the end gable wall and planning, both historica l and contemporary, comparing it with similar examples a con­ should have been included in this vincing reconstruction has been achieved. presentation. All in all a most worthwhile book. Despite the obvious omissions, the book James Acland This book does present a carefully edited does accomplish what its authors intended - and arranged display of singularly unusual "to pay tribute to human imagination". In buildings, projects, and some urban planning doing this, the authors have carefully The Architecture of Fantasy ideas, some of which are Fantastic, and organized the visual material and supported some which could be called Utopian only it with appropriate if often equally fantastic Ulrich Conrads and Hans G. Sperlich so far as they imply social aspirations which written documents where these were available, Frederick A. Praeger, New York, in Canada are far more significant than the manifesta­ and with a comprehensive and accurate set Burns & MacEachern, Don Mills, Ontario ; tion of these ideas in buildings. The of notes to the text and illustrations. 1963, 187 pages, $19.50 examples presented which are the result of pure fancy, however their authors tried to Jack Klein There is a basic contradiction in the title give them structural or social validity, are which is never resolved in the book. Fantastic the most satisfying and exciting. The examples architecture is that which is the product of of Gaudi's work have a timeless quality of pure creation of form or space or evolution, Fantasy which does not exist for Kiesler's which need not be useful, bu t w ithout "Endless House" or for the work of Bruce regard for those rea lities which architects Goff.

38 JOURNAL RAIC/ L' IRAC 1 /66 Les Visionnaires d e I' Architecture bien differente de celle d'aujourd'hui, dont I'architecture est plus souvent retrospective Presente par Michel Ragon que prospective. La ville de l'avenir proposee Laffont Press, Paris, 1965, $5.00 par les visionnaires de I' architecture liberera le sol pour Ia circulation et Ia verdure et Voici un nouveau livre qui ne manquera utilisera l'espace vertical. certainement pas de susciter l'inter~t des architectes qui ont eu l'avantage d'entendre Les prochaines generations vivront-elles Ia magistrale conference de Monsieur Andre dans des villes-tours, des villes-ponts, des Bloc. lors de l'assemblee annuelle de I'IRAC, villes flottantes, des villes-dlnes ouvertes sur a Montreal, en juin dernier. sur !'architecture Ia lumiere et l'espace comme le preconisent fantastique. Cet ouvrage est le troisieme de les visionnaires de I'architecture? Ou vivrons­ Ia collection "Construire le Monde" dont nous demain? Accroches a des structures nous faisions une appreciation des deux arachneennes. comme le propose Paul premiers volumes dans le numero de juin du Maymont. juches sur des villes-ponts, ou Journal. meme so us terre? De toute fa~on Ia face de nos villes sera changee pour le mieux ou Ce volume est presente par Michel Ragon, pour le pire, et nous pouvons deja nous en auteur de plusieurs ouvrages consacres a faire une idee par Ia lecture de ce volume. promouvoir une architecture et un urbanisme a Ia mesure des besoins de notre epoque, Denis Tremblay from those familiar with today's western et a faire connaitre du public les visionnaires abstract art. In the same way that one's de !'architecture de demain qui s'elabore attention is focused on a flower vase placed dans Ia recherche d'aujourd'hui. Pour ces Forms in Japan in the tokonama of a bare Japanese interior, hommes de vision, le XXIe siecle est deja so in this volume superb photographs isolate commence. mais il est trop lent a demarrer Yuichiro Kojiro each particular form. Many of these photo­ East- West Centre Press. Honolulu, 1965, pour des raisons d'ordre economique sans graphs, like a Haiku poem, are a small gem doute, mais aussi par manque d'audace et de 184 pages. $15.00 - a light powdering of snow on a pantiled politiques urbaines inadequates qui retardant roof, the inner structure of bamboo revea led This is an attractive book by Yuichiro Kojiro Ia mise en oeuvre de plans plus coherents. by a diagonal cut. or the shadow cast by in which he attempts a systematic analysis a pantiled overhang across a line of rocks A Ia lecture de ce volume, abondamment of Japanese forms, organized into four basic scattered in a garden of raked sand. Usually categories. The result is not a scholastic illustre. on se rend compte une fois de plus, not only the objects themselves but their account. but rather a formal expression of que bien des utopies d'hier sont devenues placing is seen to be of great significance the Japanese spirit. les realites d'aujourd'hui et que bien des - a precept which we in the west might conceptions d'aujourd'hui paraissant utopi­ well study with advantage. To relate these The author points out the interaction of raw ques ne le sont sans doute que partiellement. forms to Japanese attitudes, the photographs material, technical skill, purpose and idea, Ces idees audacieuses, fantastiques. are accompanied by a few words often and their effect on the resultant form. These presentees par les visionnaires de I' architec­ sympathetically chosen and evocative. ture, ne doivent done pas ~ tr e considerees four fundamentals, Kojiro feels, give rise respectively to forms of adaptation, change. tout simplement comme des fantasmajories The Katsura Detached Palace was constructed unity and force. Each of these he further de !'imagination en delire, puisque l'avenir continuously in a diagonal direction, se forge presque toujours par les visions divides ; for example, forms of unity are illus­ with the old study hall, the middle study premontoires de quelques hommes de genie, trated by forms of continuation, union, hall, the music room, and the new palace collection, arrangement and enclosure; each qui voient plus loin que leurs contemporains. connected at the corners. of these in turn is further subdivided -for In this form called the "geese formation" L'ouvrage contient des textes et projets de example, forms of union are illustrated by there is not the overpowering feeling one Jean Balladur. Yona Freidman, Walter Jonas, forms of tying, binding, weaving, joining, gets from a large roof. Paul Maymont et Nicolas Schaffer. tous bracing, matching and stopping. Within the - from the description accompanying book as a whole there is a great range of architectes engages dans Ia pratique profes­ Forms of Continuation. sionnelle, mais trouvant du temps aconsacrer a items. practical or symbolic in origin, here Ia recherche prospective. Pour ces architectes appreciated in abstract and in isolation, and visionnaires, Ia ville du XXIe siecle sera this easily evokes a sympathetic response

1 166 JOURNAL AAICIL'IRAC 39 Contemplating the photograph of a superbly but which was later cancelled owing to lack articulated wood joint, one easily appreciates of response. Perhaps the publication of the determination of form by a sense of this book will stimulate interest among rightness of proportion, rather than by ease architects for seminars of this type. If of production. Gropius once commented problem-solving is a true function of environ­ t hat whereas the western approach to a mental designers, as much information problem consists of finding the most practical, as possible is needed regarding related rational, hygienic and comfortable solution, disciplines. There is plenty of food for thought of most concern to the Japanese were past in this book for anyone interested in design associations, historically meaningful symbols, or planning. beauty and propriety. Anthony Mann Simplification and the open plan, the use of structure and screens, the use of natural materials and the power of white, and the Essentials of Structural Design relationship of interior and exterior, are aspects of Japanese architecture and form that have Anthony Hoadley greatly affected modern architecture in the John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, in west. To the Japanese, however, all this is just Canada, General Publishing Co .. Don Mills, a reflection of their aesthetic conception of Ontario ; 1964, 609 pages, $11 .50 life, their asceticism and meditative concen­ tration, their reverence for the natural world, The standard structural design books are and from that, their respect for natural mate­ devoted to the design processes of individual rials. In this book we perceive that each components of structures of one material. form is a statement concentrating on one This concept of design as a rational problem ­ Some of them have a brief introductory essential aspect, perfected through time, solving activity rather than as an intuitively discussion of loads. explored to the limits of its aesthetic, tech­ applied art is slowly gaining acceptance nical and functional logic, with an approach among designers and obviously influenced The author of this book has deviated from that is intuitive and poetic, based on a greatly Dr Krampen in planning the first design such a presentation. He has discussed the refined artistic sensibility rather than on seminar at the University of Waterloo in 1964. general concepts of analysis and deflection of the intellect. structures and the characteristics of loads The book is based on papers delivered at in the first three chapters. The loads given are The principles here illustrated in this finely the 1964 Seminar, but many of them have in accordance w ith the accepted standards bound and well produced volume are absolute. been specially rewritten for publication by the in the United States, which in some respects As Antonin Raymond remarked in 1920, twenty or so contributors. differ from those used in Canada. these principles "are always, were and always will be the same, immutable, unchangeable, Most design seminars seem to be planned In the remaining seventeen chapters the and which must guide us in trying to attain around famous names and, as a result, lack design processes of individual members, true beauty in architectural design". both continuity and content. Although the such as tension and compression members, famous names are here, the emphasis is on Jonas Lehrman facts rather than personal opinions, and it comes as a refreshing change to f ind a design seminar resulting in a book that provides Design and Planning solid information. The book itself is well designed and produced, with over 200 Edited by Martin Krampen illustrations. Subjects covered range from University Press, University of Waterloo, Human Factors and Experimental Aesthetics Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, $6.95 to Corporate Design and Urban Design. The contribution on Urban Design, given by In his preface to Design and Planning the David Lewis and Peter Stead from the editor, Dr Martin Krampen, states his belief Carnegie Institute of Technology, was that design "is in the process of becoming an originally planned for an architectural program applied interdisciplinary science". which was to have formed part of the seminar,

40 JOURNAL RAICIL'IRAC 1166 beams and joists, plate girders. trusses, con­ Reliability of Shell Buckling design process, but not to aid in the develop­ nections and joints, slabs, etc. of four Predictions ment of mathematical theory. different materials, steel, aluminum, timber and reinforced concrete, are presented. William A. Little The book is of va lue mainly to the structural MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts; engineer and to the model analyst. In all instances a discussion of the character­ in Canada General Publishing Co .. Don Mills. istics and properties of these materials Ontario; 1964, 178pages, $10.00 Norbert Seethaler precedes the presentation of the design. The design procedures are based on the latest The theory of shell buckling is hampered by American specifications. an enormous complexity of mathematics. Princ iples of Hospital Design 1. steel - American Institute of Steel Con­ Consequently only very few geometrically struction (AISC) 1963. simple shapes have been described satisfac­ Hugh Gainsborough and John Gainsborough 2. timber - National Lumber Manufacturers' torily and up until quite recently even the Architectural Press, London, in Canada Association (NLMA) National Design Speci­ spherical cap had no mathematical solution General Publishing Co., Don Mills, Ontario; fications (NOS) 1962. which was in reasonable agreement with 1964, 275 pages, $9.95 3. reinforced concrete - American Concrete experiments. This situation necessarily leads to Institute (ACI) Bldg. Code 1963. the development of model programs for the To read this book with understanding, it is necessary to take off one's North American The elastic and the plastic design procedures lenses and put on English glasses. are developed for metal structures and the elastic and the ultimate design concepts are One must realize that in the last half century, shown for reinforced concrete structures. England has had very little hospital construc­ tion and so presumably it stands today on On the grounds of the large scope of this the verge of an expansion program. The book the writer feels that the author has left authors (physician and architect) are not out some important design considerations, happy with the little new construction the such as the effect of openings in webs of steel country has had ; "the contrast between new and aluminum beams, low and high tempera­ hospitals in this country and elsewhere is ture effects on the strength of reinforced only too striking and we will see that few of concrete, discussion of properties of light the new hospitals built or in course of weight concrete, pre-stressed concrete, built­ construction here can be described as really up members in t imber including HB beams modern or show any development of note and plywood web beams, glue laminated as compared with the best hospitals in some timber and some other minor items. other countries".

It should be noted that in many instances design of structures which do not permit For this reason, they believe that it has the allowable stresses as stipulated by the the analytical approach as yet. become an urgent matter to take another American specifications are slightly different look at the problems of hospital design and from those in the National Building Code The publication examines the reliability of this they do in a refreshing and stimulating (NBC) 1965 and the Canadian Standard small scale plastic models in the determination way. Association (CSA) specifications. of elastic buckling pressures of thin shell structures. A very clear introduction into the While they are critical of their own hospitals, This book is well written and should be a problem of shell buckling and the history of they are also quick to point out that "the valuable addition to the technical library of analytical and experimental studies is given. Americans cannot solve our problems for architects who do not get involved in detailed us, even though they lead both in experi­ design of structures. The main content of the book is a report ment and experience". on an extensive testing program in which E. Karuks twenty-four plastic models of a spherical cap Almost three-quarters of the book is devoted were investigated at MIT. The object of to the nursing unit; the result is that this these tests was to study how and to what part of the hospital plan is treated exhaustively, extent statistics and probability theory can and the balance, except for one good chap­ be applied to model programs and, further­ ter on the operating theatre, is treated very more, to develop a reliable experimental summarily or not at all.

1/ 66 JOURNAL RAIC/L'IRAC 41 There is an excellent piece on the Delivery The author concerns himself with a much and Disposal problem, and one priceless broader scale of ideas than that suggested by sentence "it has been said that t his problem is the title. To properly place his subject, we so important that the hospital should be are brought through the history of Mexican Principles of Hospital planned around the delivery and disposal Architecture up to and including the principal system, and provided that the system used subject in minute and penetrating detail, but Design is very compact, this illusion is unlikely to it is only possible here to give a rough do much harm". outline of the scope of the book, an d an idea of the central theme. Throughout the book, there is one dominant theme. Hospitals are built for patients an d Early Indian culture and architecture is first patients are human, and all planning must be discussed. There are many who believe, as I subservient to this one consideration. Per­ do, that Pre-Columbian Urban Planning to haps the "feel" of the book is best expressed be at least the equal to that of the highly by the sensitive poem in the frontispiece celebrated Greek. An understanding of this by Elizabeth Jennings, first published in early architecture is important to the author's The Listener. subject and this period is examined and described because this highly sophisticated Like children now, bed close to bed, but pagan influence is felt in the later work. With flowers set up where toys would be In real childhoods, secretly Their religion was essentially a political We cherish each our own disease, agency for preserving the community, not And when we talk we talk to please involved with personal destiny and individual Their approach to the design of a nursing Ourselves that still we are not dead. salvation. Hope and idea of rewards for unit differs strikingly from common practice in good conduct and good works must have this country. Observability, both from nurse All is kept safe - the healthy world appeared as attractive novelties preferred to patient and patient to nurse, is stressed Held at a distance, on a rope, by friars. even at the expense of privacy. Where human things like hate and hope Persist. The world we know is full The character of the lay Spaniards, as well For example, a lavatory in a patient's room Of things we need, unbeautiful as the seculars and the regulars of the Church, along a corridor wall interferes with observ­ And yet desired - a glass to hold the Great Conversion including its extent ability; the lavatory must therefore be moved, and nature, old and new rel igions, methods either to the outside wall or to a central or A sip, a cube of ice, a pill of teaching, as well as special problems an in-between room location. One is rather To help us sleep. Yet in this warm related to administering the Sacraments are startled on opening the book to find a whole And sealed-off nest, the least alarm examined. chapter devoted to the open ward (legislated Speaks clear of death. Our fears grow wide ; out of existence in this country 20 years There are no places left to hide We are led to understand that the early ago) until one realizes that the chief purpose And no more peace in lying still. friars, particularly those of the Franciscan of this chapter is to destroy the myth of order, were the only persons with any fee ling observability claimed by those still fighting B. Kaminker for the Indians. These friars cared for the a rear-guard action for this type of unit. The Indians, educated and protected them from authors must also be given full marks for The Open-Air Church es of the consistently cruel and greedy Spaniards consistency in condemning the open ward for Sixt eenth Century M exico who exploited the Indian unmercifully. Since the intensive care unit as well - where, Indians were used exclusively to build these strangely, it has proved quite popular on John McAndrew structures, their influence is strongly seen this continent. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, in many examples, especially in their decor­ M assachusetts, in Canada Saunders of ative qualities. The new town plan and Another recommendation of considerable Toronto Ltd.; 1965, 755 pages, $15.00 new monasteries are described, and their merit, which departs from common practice in relation to the old and new styles of architec­ this country, is the almost complete elimina­ Any lover of Mexican Architecture w ill find ture in Mexico. tion of the two-bed ward -the popularity in this incredible book a facet of that nation's of which, here, can be traced directly to Blue architectural history that has probably been The development of the atrium or immense Cross and Government insurance schemes. only of subsidiary interest to him. walled-in courts surrounding the church

42 JOURNAL RAIC/ L'IRAC 1 / 66 that a man has given up several decades of cover all there is to say, nor can they his life to pursue his driving and scientific pretend to be a primer for the architect or THE OPEN-AIR CHURCHES obsession with a subject. engineer; however they do become surprisingly specific. OF SIXTEENTH-CENTURY It is possible that such devotion to a cause enables him to state that This book is In each area points are discussed and inter­ MEXIC O concerned with what may be the most national examples illustrated. The examples in dramatic American Architectural innovation most cases are good typical examples of before the skyscraper: the outdoor church contemporary practise rather than exotic, of the Indians of Mexico. one of a kind, examples (Milan's Pirelli Building may be the exception). It is often The reviewer, a slow reader, devoted a a little surprising to find that office buildings, month of heavy reading to delve into this which one assumes have reached a zenith studious work, but statements such as On a in the U.S., have been solved in possibly hill at Tizatlan across the river, amid the even more unique and interesting ways in AtriOJ, PClUJs, Oprn Chlll>4'ls, ruins of the Palace of Old Xicotencatl ("a other countries. One example which came as a anJ pt/:rr S/J/Aks man with a bee at his lips''), successor to surprise to this writer is the extensive use Xayacamachantlaoazcallitecuhtli who was of exterior venetian blind sun control in successor to Atzhuatlacascal/itecuhtli), Europe, solving a problem which never seems JOHN Me ANDREW there is another former open chapel, now so luble in North American examples. These closed in by later walls and little used, help examples illustrate their points in concise to give the book a great deal of charm. text. simple drawings and graphs, and a f1 t ll

300 I •UO I!HoJ: \1'11 '> , 1111.\\\ 1 '1:(;' (!I ll J' I: IX1..: . small number of photos and working drawings.

"'' " , , \I'' The essence of Mr McAndrew's book and his approach to the subject is summed up In the more technical sections, discussing at the beginning of his tremendously long mechanical problems, the book briefly but evolved from the need to deal with great bibliography (1 000 books. references and clearly describes three basic air-conditioning numbers of Indians, many more than it articles). "If some important works are missing, systems, the advantages and disadvantages would be possible to administer to inside it is because I have not read them." of each, and the details and problems the church. In the early days the church involved in their implementations. building itself was often used exclusively Jerome Markson for the use of the Spaniards and the friars. To the architect with a scant knowledge of while the Indians, considered mere savages these systems which have a strong bearing who needed to be saved. remained outdoors. Office Buildings on a building, these summaries are excellent. Posas and open chapels evolved from this need and the remainder of the chapters is Jurgen Joedicke The last 70 pages are handsomely illustrated given up to this subject. These were used as Frederick A. Praeger, New York, in Canada with a number of office buildings. Each outdoor covered chapels in which the Burns and MacEachern, Don Mills, Ontario: building is treated with photos, plans, sections friars and their assistants would teach and 1962.215 pages. $18.75 and a brief text which refers back to the preach. Numerous examples, many in discussions in the earlier part of the book. inaccessible parts of Mexico, are discussed This handsome, hard-cover book is printed Most of the newer U.S. examples are shown both historically and in physical fact. in English in the Contemporary European along with some very striking European and Plentiful photos and sketches, sometimes format. one very pleasant Japanese building which of an undistinguished character and often to the writer's knowledge have not been seemingly disorganized, are used to illustrate The book is divided into four chapters (five extensively published previously. the examples. if you consider the large list of illustrated buildings as a separate unit). The chapters : John Gallop A glossary, bibliography, notes to the text. The Plan, The Structure, External Wall index and maps make up the remainder of the Construction, Heating, Air Conditioning and 755 pages. lighting each attempt to show through text. photos and very clear drawings the I am amazed when reading a textbook of fundamentals of the heading under discussion this nature, which is rare, at the incredible fact In such a short space. the chapters can hardly

1/66 JOURNAL RAIC/ L'IRAC 43

Estimating and Technical Cost Control Technique

Mr Helyar is a practising quantity surveyor with t h e Toronto firm of Helyar, Rae & Vermeulen. He is now the consultant f or this section.

The following are the elements of the should cost a similar amount per square foot The new format of the technical section of the building that will be dealt with on an annual plus or minus any adjustments for difference Journal enables us to present costs which cycle: in location and time of construction. Here can be applied to a system of estimating we run into another difficulty in that there which has been in use for some time and January Estimating and Cost Control is not always another building available with which goes a long way towards solving the February Sub-Structure which to make a cost comparison and a problem of speed, accuracy and information March Horizontal & Structural certain amount of mental juggling is required during the design period. This will also Elements to make the interpolation. In other words it solve another problem which plagues most April Exterior Cladding requires skill and experience to arrive at the architects, the problem of obtaining cost May Interior Vertical Elements correct cost per square foot to apply to a information. June Multi-Storey Elements building. July Interior Finishes The theory behind the new system is simple. August Fittings, Fixtures and Special Assuming however that the budget has been Accepting the fact that the square foot Equipment set, the next problem is to ensure that the method is an acknowledged way of doing September Electrical design as it proceeds towards working preliminary estimates, but that it requires skill October Plumbing and Drains drawings is not edging the cost up over the to apply it and that it is difficult to make November Heating - Ventilation budget. This would not be difficult if the adjustments from the base price, the obvious December External Works architect estimates the building at $16 per solution is to break the building down into square foot and reports the cost to his client convenient components and apply a cost to A major concern of all practising architects, as S21 per square foot, giving himself $5 each component to arrive at a total. and their clients, is the problem of providing leeway. Most clients, however, find this reasonably accurate preliminary estimates. hard to swallow, and most architects would It is always much easier to build up a pri ce Most architects probably have some cost find it hard to justify. from a number of components than it is to pull information in their offices, but unless it can be a total out of the air. Although this may be converted into a usable form it is not much The greatest drawback with this method is an obvious so lution, it does present the help for preparing estimates. that it is difficult to define a cost per square difficulty of deciding what a convenient foot in terms of design. What is the effect component is and where the cost breakdown At least two estimates are usually required of a change from structural steel to reinforced to apply to these components comes from. on any building project. the first to give the concrete? Will the cost per square foot be client some idea of what his financial com­ increased or decreased and by how much if The immediate answer to this difficulty is mitments are likely to be, and the second to the shape of the building is changed or if that the contractor, in his estimate, has the cost provide a check when the working drawings an additional storey is added? The answer to broken down into components and he are being prepared to see whether the first all these questions must be guesswork unless presents this breakdown to the architect for estimate is being adhered to. In between these a detailed analysis is made. certificate purposes. The contractors' trade two extremes there may be several compara­ breakdown, however, has two drawbacks. tive cost studies made to compare the It appears therefore that by using square Firstly there is the authenticity of the break­ effect on the cost of different materials or foot or cubic foot methods the architect has down since it is not unusual for the early planning so lutions. overcome one hurdle, the setting of the trades to be padded, and each contractor budget, only to be faced with another bigger has his own way of including his overhead The trouble with this process is that the first one, the adherence to that budget. and profit in the breakdown. Secondly, and estimate is the one on which the client much more important, is the fact that a makes all his major decisions, and it is the The application of a square foot or a cubic trade breakdown gives little more information one which is prepared from the minimum foot price is a simple operation, requiring in the design stages than does a total cost amount of information in the form of drawings little time but a lot of skill and experience. per square foot. It is still a matter of guess­ or specifications. The profession has, how­ At the other end of the scale is the contractor work to determine the effect on the cost if a ever, overcome this difficulty by devising who spends a lot of time in the preparation change is made from a brick faced wall to a methods of preparing the first estimate which of detailed quantities and unit prices to precast concrete wall. can, in fact, give the client quite a good idea arrive at an accurate total cost. What is needed of what his financial commitments could by the architect is a method which can be Since a trade breakdown does not seem to be. These are the square foot or cubic foot done quickly, with a reasonable amount of be the answer, an alternative must be found. methods. It is quite a logical process of accuracy, and, most important, which is in The alternative is to break the cost down reasoning that if one building costs $16 per sufficient detail to guide him through the into the functional elements of the building. square foot. another one of a similar type design and working drawing stages. It is reasoned that the architect considers

1 166 JOURNAL RAIC / L"IRAC 53 the function rather than the material when he enable the architect, and particularly the element than its relation to the total project is doing his design, and as one of the young architect who does not have access normally warrants. requirements of a preliminary estimate is to to a cost library, to produce reasoned prelim­ help in the design stage, the breakdown inary estimates to replace unrealistic and Having set the total budget, and set a cost should reflect this. unfortunate estimates based on the square or per square foot of the gross floor area for each cubic foot methods which return later to of the elements, this now constitutes the An added advantage of this method is that haunt him. An explanation of how each cost plan. As the design proceeds, checks these elements lend themselves very conveni­ element is measured, a definition of what is can be made at intervals to ensure that each ently to a quick method of measurement. included in the element, and appropriate of the elements is being kept within the All the major elements can be divided into unit prices will be given each month as each budget. If it is subsequently found that one those which are primarily horizontal and element is dealt with. element has to be increased in cost, unless the those which are primarily vertical. Suspended client is prepared to accept this as an increase floors and roofs for example are the main Turning now from estimating to cost planning, to his total budget, the money will have to horizontal components of a building, and I mentioned early in this article that one of come out of another element. In this it is exterior walls and interior partitions are the the problems the architect has is to ensure like any other budgeting system, you have a main vertical components. A few basic that as the design proceeds towards working certain income and you determine how the measurements combined with the appropriate drawings the costs do not start edging up money will be spent. If you can't really afford unit prices will quickly give the total cost of over the budget. This is one of the functions one item of expenditure but find you can't these elements. Other elements such as of cost planning. The other is to ensure do without it, another item of expenditure cabinetwork, demolitions and external works that the client is getting the best value for has to be reduced to help you pay for it. which bear no relation to either the horizontal his money. or the vertical areas will have to be allowed This, then, is a necessarily simplified descrip­ for by means of lump sum allowances, or When estimating, the area of the element is tion of a particular method of estimating measured and priced in detail. used in combination with the appropriate unit and cost planning. It is an attempt to give price to give the total cost of the element. the practicing architect the general ground The big advantage of this method is that it and the sum of the elements gives the total rules without going into all the complications can be used to help the architect as he cost of the job. At the same time the cost and ramifications which are inherent in any develops the design of his building. The of an element can be expressed as a cost sophisticated estimating system. It is as well estimate takes a little longer than square or per square foot of the gross floor area. For to bear in mind however that if really efficient cubic foot methods, but this is worthwhile if it example, the total cost of a school may be estimates are required this takes t ime and helps to answer awkward questions like $19.00 per square foot and of this the exterior can become a full time occupation, both in how much is included for terrazzo f loors and cladding may represent $2.50. The sum of the preparation of the estimates themselves how much would be saved if vinyl asbestos all the square foot prices of the elements and, particularly, in the research which is f loor tile were substituted for it. It is also will total $19.00. required to base them on. Much of what I worthwhile if the architect is enabled to have said, particularly with regard to cost make a quick assessment of the effect on the When several buildings have been analyzed planning, is probably now done by most total cost if one type of cladding is substi­ on this basis a pattern begins to emerge. The architects, perhaps only intuitively. I hope that tuted for another. architect can begin to see how each of the with the forthcoming articles in the elements should fit into his overall budget technical section a more reasoned approach In practice, the preparation of this type of and he is able to plan the cost. When he towards estimating and cost control will estimate involves the measurement of the has prepared his preliminary estimate and become the generally accepted practice. gross floor area, the area of the roof, the cube ca lculated the cost per square foot of the gross of the basement, the area of the walls below floor area of each of the elements he can Frank Helyar grade and the walls above grade, and the compare these with other projects of a area of the interior partitions. With these similar nature. He may find that in comparison areas and the unit prices which will be given with other jobs he is spending a dispropor­ each month a total price can be arrived at tionate amount on floor finishes, or roof which can be used for a preliminary estimate. finishes. He can then check to see why this It should be emphasized that the information is so and see whether something should be given can only be applied to preliminary done about it. In other words he has been estimates because it is not possible in the provided with a tool to enable him to give scope of these articles to provide information his client the best value for his money, and to for detailed estimates. The purpose is to ensure that he is not spending more on any

54 JOURNAL RAIC / L'IRAC 1 / 66 Schools Ecoles

Georges Candilis a Montreal entiere a construire a Bochum, dans Ia Ruhr, scape architecture students last September. une autre a Berlin ... Both will be four-year undergraduate courses. L'Ecole d'architecture de I'Universite de Montreal accueillait le mardi 16 novembre Tous ces projets, dont certains sont en voie The course at the School at Guelph, under une conference de Georges Candilis, invite de realisation, depassent naturellement les the direction of Professor Victor Chanasyk, aux journees d'urbanisme de Trois- Rivi~res. possibilites de l'homme seul, et le travail MLA, CSLA includes urban planning as La presse quebecoise a amplement parle du d'equipe s'av~re necessaire. Georges Candilis well as landscape design and the natural sejour parmi nous de Monsieur Candilis, et de a insiste sur cette necessite d'une equipe, and social sciences. The School will be under Ia qualite de ses causeries et de ses exposes. qui ne doit pas etre, selon lui, une "suite The Ontario Agricultural College, whose de personnes de meme discipline, mais une Dean, Dr N. R. Richards, emphasized the A I'eco le d'architecture, apres avoir ete reunion de plusieurs disciplines". Ceci need for planning of urban renewal and presente par le Professeur Junius, Georges suppose que nous parlions tous un meme expansion, and industry and traffic systems Candilis a choisi de parler "plus avec le langage, celui de Ia sensibilite, celui de in announcing the curriculum. coeur qu'avec Ia tete" et son improvisation l'epoque et de l'avenir a construire. The Guelph University course outline, auto-biographique a ete fort appreciee des describing landscape architecture as the auditeurs (tr~s nombreux). La conference de Georges Candilis, et les social art of designing land for optimum use documents qu'il a presentes, ont ete rune and enjoyment. divides the work into four Avec des mots tr~s simples, Candilis a des meilleures soirees que I' Ecole d'archi­ basic phases. The outline states: raconte son entree a !'ecole d'architecture tecture de I'Universite nous ait offertes depuis "The first four semesters of the BLA degree d'Athenes, et Ia difficulte a comprendre le longtemps. L'assistance etait nombreuse et program are devoted largely to basic study: langage de certains de ses professeurs, terus fervente. il y avait des gens debout jusque design, the natural sciences, architecture and de classicisme. Puis l'arrivee a Ath~nes, au dans les couloirs d'une ecole qui n'est plus urban planning. The final four semesters cours d'un congr~s des ClAM, d'un groupe a rechelle des besoins physiques. are devoted to professional courses: land­ d'etrangers parlant tr~s fort d'architecture, scape design, planning and construction but et parmi lesquels se trouvait le Corbusier. Le J. Folch-Ribas w ith the addition of the social sciences and soir, celui-ci cloturait le congr~s ClAM par humanities to give soundness of direction to une conference, et Georges Candilis a Les Heros Sont Fatigues the practice of design and planning." evoque Ia simplicite, Ia clarte de ce langage nouveau pour lui: celui de l'homme, celui de J'evite de faire de Ia critique destructive. The new Division of Landscape Architecture r architecture. Je voudrais cependant faire une entorse at the University of Toronto, like the Division (courte) ace principe, pour signaler Ia of Town & Regional Planning, is an integral Apres Ia guerre, Candilis s'en fut a Paris, lamentable exhibition, a !'Ecole d'architecture, part of the School of Architecture. Landscape trapper a Ia porte de Le Corbusier, ou il resta de Monsieur Richard Neutra, architecte students thus have the valuable and longtemps, travaillant et regrettant Ia fa~on americain. Monsieur Neutra a fait perdre stimulating experience of working with and dont se construisait alors !'Europe. Trois une soiree a une foule d'etudiants et learning from students and staff engaged in crit~res dominaient Ia construction: le d'architectes qui n'avaient pas hesite, sur closely related professional disciplines. nombre eleve de logements a construire, le Ia foi de !'oeuvre (passee) de Neutra. a In the first year the architectural and temps de construction (que ron voulait tr~s se deranger. landscape programs are practically identical court), le prix (que l'on voulait tr~s faible). with several common lecture courses and Ces crit~res quantitatifs ne permettaient pas J. Fo/ch-Ribas design projects. Thereafter landscape students d'obtenir Ia qualite. become more involved with problems Two New Schools of l andscape related, for example, to urban design, Les techniciens, durant cette epoque de Architecture at To ronto and Guel ph green-belt planning, highways, local, regional reconstruction de !'Europe, n'etaient pas Universities and national park systems etc. During the formes pour repondre aux questions posees summer field study courses will be arranged. par le monde moderne, et Ia formidable Canada now has two schools awarding demande de Ia societe industrielle. Par Bachelor of Landscape Architecture (BLA) Throughout the course emphasis will be quelques exemples des programmes auxquels degrees. placed upon team work with architects and il eGt a faire face, Georges Candilis a others concerned with shaping the human clairement expose cette complexite du prob­ The new School of Landscape Architecture environment. Enquiries and applications for l~me. Bagnoles, avec un programme de at the University of Guelph and the Division of the 1966-67 session should be made to 4,500 logements, Toulouse-Mirail, avec Landscape Architecture at the University of Dr T. Howarth. Director of the School of 100,000 personnes a loger, une Universite Toronto opened their doors to first year land- Architecture.

1 / 66 JOURNAL RAIC/L'IRAC 55 .;JUMBO CLAY TILE GOES TO COLLEGE NATCO JUMBO CLAY TILE was chose n for partition walls in the first buildings of the new Scarborough College, a branch campus of the University of Toronto.

Architecls: Page & Slee/e and John Andrews, Toronlo Engineering Consvllonls: Ewbank Pi/lor & Auodoles timiled, Toronlo MADE IN CA NADA Genera/ Controclor: E. G. M. Cape & Co. (1956) Limiled, Toronlo Masonry Contradors: Major Masonry & Conslrvcfion Limited, Toronto Jumbo clay tile offers superior qualities in stre ngth, durability and dimensional stability for Selected Velour Tex for interior exposed. interior and exterior load bearing walls. Unselected Velour Tex for interior plaster base. Nominal face dimensions, S• X 16• Plaster adhesion to Velour Tex-80 PSI. Nominal thickness, z•, 4•, 6•, s• Conforms to A.S.T.M. Specification C212·60 Colour: a pleasing Terra Cotta range. (Special Duty, Class Type FTS). Face Textures: Rug Tex or Velour Tex for exterior exposed. Further Information and Design Data sent on request.

THE COMPLETE LINE OF STRUCTURAL CLAY TILE NJUC:C> · C:J.J~Y·l)J~C)J)lJC:T!; ·I.Jl\\lii=:J) Plant: Aldershot Sub. P.O. Burlington, Ontario Head Office: 55 Eglinton Ave. East, Toronto 12, Ontario

56 JOURNAL RAIC/ L'IRAC 1 / 66 Classified Annonces Classees

Positions Wanted supervision and inspection of constructions Chinese Architect, 25 years old, graduate interior decoration and landscaping, wants from the Hong Kong Technical College, British architect, graduate leeds School of employment in Canada. Reply to Florante J. 5 years experience wishes a position in Architecture 1950, ARI BA, experienced in Talampas. Banalo, Bacoor, Cavite, Philippines. Canada. Write: Wong Bing Chuin, Flat "C"- schools, technical colleges, hospitals, seeks 12th Floor, 694 King's Road, G.P.O. position in Canada, arriving in Toronto in Filipino architect. 22 years old, graduate Box 14605, Hong Kong. February 1966. Box 126, Journal RAIC I from University of Sto Tomas (BSc), three l'IRAC. years undergraduate experience, seeks Filipino Architect, 27 years old, graduate position in Canada. Reply Robert D. lopez, from the Far Eastern University, School of Two architects, husband and wife, of 1171 Belen Street, Paco, Manila, Philippines. Engineering and Architecture, seven years Politecnico, Milan, Italy, seek employment office experience as architectural draftsman, in Canada. He, age 36, fluent knowledge of Filipino architect, 33 years old, graduate artist illustrator, sketchman and delineator, Italian, Spanish and English, has experience in from University of Sto Tomas (BSc), 11 seeks employment with a Canadian firm. town and regional planning, construction years office experience as Designer and Reply Roberto P. Mercader, 3210-B F. and re inforced concrete. Colombian (South Project Engineer. Write Rodolfo M. lagdameo, Roxas Street, Sta. Ana, Manila, Philippines. America) citizenship. She, age 30, fluent 151 -A de Jesus, 11 th Avenue, Grace Park, knowlege of Italian and Spanish, has Ca loocan City, Philippines. Filipino Architect. 30 years old, graduate experience in interior architecture, furniture from Sto. Tomas, seven years office experience and industrial design. Italian citizenship. Indian architect. 26 years old, graduate wishes to immigrate to Canada. Reply Please write Box 127, Journal RAIC /L'IRAC. from Madras University, (BArch), with Benjamin D. lopez, 123-A labo Street, three years office experience, seeks position La lorna. Quezon City, Philippines. British architectural assistant, 33 years old, in Canada. Write T. S. Gurumurthy, Associate of the Manchester College of 4 Bakthavathsalam Street. Madras-33, Chinese Architect, 28 years old, graduate Technology, experienced in factories, India. from Cheng - Kung University in Hong Kong hospitals, schools, universities and residential (BSc), three years experience as an blocks, wishes employment in Canada. Filipino architect, 29 years old, graduate assistant architect. seeks position in Canada. Reply D. V. Ewart. 158 Ca ldy Road, The from Mapua Institute of Technology (BSc), Reply Wm. P. C. Dunn, 302C Prince Edward Parsonage, Handforth, Cheshire, England. nine years experience, wishes position in Road, G / F Kowloon, Hong Kong. Canada. Write Florencio S. Zaballero, Filipino architect. 26 years old, graduate 30 Cadig Street, La lorna, Quezon City, Position Vacant from M.l.Q. University in 1962 (BSc), four Philippines. years office experience, wishes employment American architectural and engineering firm in Canada. Write Rodolfo A. Victorio, Registered Filipino architect, 29 years old, has openings for an experienced architect and 1908 Obisis St. Pandacan, Manila, graduate from Mapua Institute of Technology, one or two architectural draftsmen. Possible Philippines. nine years experience, wishes position in openings for a structural draftsman, site Canada. Write Benjamin M. Ramos, 2524-F planner, and heating-air conditioning Graduate of Sir J.J. College of Architecture, Taft Avenue, Pasay City, Philippines. engineer. Applicants are invited to submit Bombay, Government Diploma in Architec­ their particulars to Box 128, Journal ture, AliA. five years' practical experience, 29-year-old Chinese Engineer, graduate RAJ C / L'I RAC. 25 years old, seeks position in Canada. Reply from the Chu Hai College (Engineering R. H. Kapadia, 43 Fergusson Road, Bombay Diploma), experienced in timber structures AA School, London, Wants Principal 13, India. and steel structures for houses, schools, factories and theatres. Reply Chan Kam Hung, The Architectural Association School in Chinese architect, 28 years old, graduate 1 001 lotus House, So Uk Estate, Kowloon, london, England, founded in 1847, is from Cheng Kung University (BSc), four years Hong Kong. looking for a new Principal. The appointee experience, wishes employment in Canada, should be an architect. but this is not preferably in Toronto. Please write Hung­ Indian architect, 32 years old, national mandatory and the term is not less than Kwan Sit, 18 Homantin Street, Kowloon, diploma in architecture April 1 964, associate five years. Hong Kong. of Indian Institute of Architects, under­ graduate experience as a draftsman and Write the Director, The Architectural Filipino architect, 34 years old, graduate four years office experience as an architect. Association, 36 Bedford Square, london WC1. from M.l.Q. University, Manila (BSc), 12 Write Ram Karam, N.D.Arch., AliA, Applications close 28th February. years office experience in cost estimates, 51 / 38 Rajendra Nagar, New Delhi-5, India.

1/66 JOURNAL RAIC/ l'IRAC 59 Annual Index Journal RAIC Volume 42, 1965

Appointments Recent Books Received Place Victoria Appraisal, Stuart Wilson, Oct 60 Canadian Housing Design Council: Architects' Working Details, Edited by Lance Precisions sur Ia Tour de Bourse, Officers 1 965, Mar 90 Wright and D. A. C. A. Boyne, Jan 10 J. Fofch-Ribas, Oct 70 J. E. Whenham to Carlton U postion, Aug 8 Carlos Raul Villaneuva and the Architecture of Venezuela, by Sibyl Moholy-Nagy, Jan 10 Community Planning and Civic Design Architecture & Allied Arts The People's Architects, Edited by S. Ransom, May89 Civic Design: Toronto City Hall, Sep 37 Art and Architecture, Anita Aarons, Jan 55 The Ideal Theatre : Eight Concepts, Dual Nature of Commissioned Work, American Federation of Arts, May 89 Conferences Anita Aarons, Feb 13 Designing for the Disabled, RIBA, May 89 Time Factors in Commissioned Work, Principals of Hospital Design, by Hugh and Muskeg Research Conference, Feb 10 Anita Aarons, Mar 22 John Gainsborough, May 89 MIT Summer City Planning Session, Mar 93 Signs, Signals, Symbols & Tradition, Reliability of Shell Buckling Predictions, Restoration & Museum Architecture: Anita Aarons, Apr 38 by W. A. Little, May 89 American Cultural Seminars, Apr 61 Allied Arts Program for Federal Public Tropical Architecture, by M. Fry and J. Drew, Buildings, Apr 61 May89 Design & Aesthetic Sculpture Habitade 1964, by Andre Bloc, Room & Building Acoustics & Noise Cover May Abatement. by W. Furrer, May 89 Fantastic Architecture I Architectures Canadian Handcrafts & the Architect, Fa ntastiques, Stuart Wilson, May 41 Anita Aarons, May 16 Canadian Building D igest Inserts L' Architecture Fantastique, Jean-Louis 1965 RAIC Allied Arts Medallist. Jordi Bonet, Lalonde, May 43 Jacques Fofch-Ribas, May 46 Frost Heave in Ice Rinks and Cold Storage Architecture of the Prairies, Hans Elte, Jun 33 National Crafts Council, Merton Chambers, Buildings, W. G. Brown, Jan 41 Architectural Disorder in our Cities, Jun26 Trees & Buildings, R. F. Legget, John C. Parkin, Jun 57 Art & the 58th RAIC Assembly, Anita C. B. Crawford, Feb 39 L' Architecture Fa ntastique, Andre Bloc, Jul38 Aarons, Jut 46 Blasting & Building Damage, T. Northwood, Decorations '67 - A Manual of Street Miscellaneous Happenings, Anita Aarons, R. Crawford, Mar 75 Decorations, an RAIC Centennial Project. Aug 14 Permafrost and Foundations, G. H. Johnston, Text, W. G. Leithead (F), R. J. Thom ; Montreal : Achievement & Faith, Anita Apr43 Translation, Paul Trepanier; Graphics, Rudy Aarons, Sep 15 Mineral Aggregate Roof Surfacing, Kovach, Aug 29 Post War Trip, Old & New World, Anita D. C. Tibbetts, M. C. Baker, May 75 Structure and Form, Louis f. Kahn, Nov 26 Aarons, Oct 24 The National Building Code of Canada 1965, Western Provinces: Part I, Anita Aarons, R. F. Legget, Jun 53 Competitions, Awards and Scholarships Nov16 Fundamentals of Roof Design, G. K. Garden, Awards Western Tour: Part II, Anita Aarons, Dec 23 Jut 51 Wind Pressures and Suctions on Roofs, UBC Student Union Building, Feb 61 Book Reviews, Revus des Livres W. A. Dafgliesh, W. R. Schriever, Aug 41 PCI Awards Program 1 965, Mar 93 Fl ashings for Membrane Roofing, Ottawa Chapter OAA Design Awards, Mar 93 Planning for Man & Motor, by P. Ritter, M. C. Baker, Opp. Sep 53 Building Product Literature Awards '65,Apr62 Stuart Wilson, Jan 10 Thermal Considerations in Roof Design, Awards Renamed in Honor of Peter Reflections on Zoning: Report of the RAIC G. K. Garden, Opp. Oct 81 Barott, Jun 67 Zoning Study Committee, John Sullivan, Fire Performance Ratings, M. Galbreath, Competition Resu lts, Jul10 May87 Opp. Nov 51 Ontario Masons Relations 1965 Awards Construire le Monde : La Maison de Demain, Control of Air Leakage is Important, Program, Jut 8 Presentation, E. Bernard Bernadac; L'Avenir G. K. Garden, Opp. Dec 61 Awards, Nov 55 des Villes, Presentation, Raymond Lopez, La Bourse Fran.;:ou, Jut 8 Denis Tremblay (F), Jun 23 Commerce and Finance Pilkington Scholarship 1965, Aug 21 Christ and Architecture, by Bruggink and Federal Department of Public Works 1965 Droppers, John Layng, Nov 20 Johnstone Walker Dept. Store, Edmonton, Design Awards for Architecture, Sep 69 Architects, Hemingway and Laubental, 1965 RAI C Gold Medal Winners, Sep 72 Hans Elte, Mar 60 Canadian Wood Council & Department of

60 JOURNAL RAIC / L'IRAC 1/66 Industry Wood Design Awards Program, Monarch Park Secondary School, Toronto. Historic Oct86 Architects, Allward & Gouinlock. Jan 32 1965 OAA Tourist Accommodation Awards Elementary School, Yellowknife, N.W.T. Avenue Delorme (Montreal), Stuart Wilson, Program, Oct 86 Architects and Engineers, Richards, Mar74 Berretti & Jellinek, Jan 34 An Enormous Building for its Time: The Competitions L'Architecture Scolaire Pietine, J. . L. Lalonde, Toronto M ental Asylum, Eric Hounsom, Jan35 Jun 63 Concours/ Competition Conservatoire du School Design Workshop in Ontario, Quebec, Feb 43 Oryst Sawchuk, Jan 36 Hospitals Concours / Competition Pavilion du Quebec, St Paul's College High School, Tuxedo, Man. Feb48 Architects, Libling, Michener and Associates, Hospital Construction Grants. A Protest, West Kootenay Regional College, Feb 61 Jan37 B. Kaminker, Mar 65 UBC Student Union Competition Results, Don Mills Collegiate Institute and Junior High Feb 61 School, Don Mills, Ont. Architects, John B. Housing Critical Commentary, A . J. Diamond, Sep 60 Parkin Associates, Jan 40 Report of the Jury, Sep 64 Hillsdale Public School, Oshawa, Ont. Development in Western Europe & Report of the Professional Adviser, Architects, Jackson, Ypes & Associates, Scandinavia, P. Batchelor, Feb 22 Warnell Kennedy, Sep 66 Jan45 Habitat '67 Phase I, Expo '67. Associated Winning Entries: 1st Kenneth Snider ; St Norbert Collegiate, St Norbert, Man. Architects, Moshe Safdie & David, Barott, Shared 2nd prize, Tofin & Baxter, John Architect, Etienne J. Gaboury, Jan 47 Boulva, Jun 46 Andrews and Ron Thom, Sep 60 Darke Hall Addition to Regina Campus. Brantford City Hall Results, Feb 61 University of Saskatchewan. Architect, Industry Report of the Jury and Winning Entries, Clifford Wiens, Jun 35 Mar66 School Design, Nov 35 Feb 63; Jun 71; Nov 65 Carpet Design Competition, Aug 10 Panel Discussion, Moderator, L. A. Oxley, Nov35 Letters to the Editor Scholarships Au Quebec ... les ecoles 7 Rene Dumont, Nov 51 Calgary Planetarium Competition, J. W. Long, PQAA Annual Scholarships / Bourses d'etudes Feb 10 annuelles de I'AAPQ, Apr 94 Government Expo '67 Theme Buildings Credits, T. F. Blood, Feb 10 Editorials British High Commission Building, Ottawa, Manitoba Association Letter of Appreciation Stig Harvor, Apr 53 to Journal, Jul8 Are We Specifying Ourselves out of Work?, Civic Centre, St Boniface, Man. Architect, Journal's Proposed Catalogue of Artists and P. M . Keenleyside, Jan 8 Etienne Gaboury, Jun 39 their Work, J . A. Langford, Sep 74 Ontario Centennial Centre of Science & Journal's Library Issue, Morton Rubinger, Education Technology, Toronto. Architects, Ontario Oct88 DPW; Chief Architect, D. G. Greba; Project Allied Arts Editor's Western Tour, E. N. Yates, Canadian Education Showcase, F. J. Nicol, Architect, Raymond Moriyama, Jun 44 Oct88 Jan25 Toronto City Hall Part I: Civic Design. Allied Arts Editor's Western Tour, Colleen Tabor Park Vocational School, Scarboro, Associated Architects and Engineers, Viljo Toppings, Oct 88 Architects, Webb, Zerafa & Menkes, Jan 27 Revell and John B. Parkin Associates, Sep 37 Congratulations on Decorations '67, Bellmere Public School, Scarboro, Ont. Panel Discussion: Civic Design Aspects of Douglas Shadbolt , Oct 88 Architect John Andrews, Jan 28 the City Hall; Chairman: A. J. Diamond; Robert Browning Elementary School, Participants: J.-L. Lalonde & Joseph Management Kirkfield Park, Man. Architects, Pratt, Baker, Montreal; S. Cullers, R. Strong, Lindgren & Associates, Jan 29 I. Grossman, J. Andrews, Toronto ; Integrated Data Processing, by James W. Christmas Park School, Beaconsfield, Que. Drawings by John Hall and Andrew Vair, Feb 19 Architects, Dobush, Stewart & Bourke, Volgyesi, Sep 38 Mechanics' Lien Legislation, by J. L. Bidde/1 Jan30 Toronto City Hall : Architects' Statement Part I, Mar 28, Pa rt II, Apr 56 Edmison Heights Public School, Peterboro, on the Competition, the Construction and Records Management, by Harold A. Moulds, Ont. Architects, Craig, Zeidler & Strong, the Structural Solution, by John B. Parkin Jul58 Jan 31 Associates, Sep 56 Insurance, by Arthur R. Leonard, Nov 61

1 / 66 JOURNAL RAIC / L'IRAC 61 Miscellaneous 58th A nnual Assembly Report of Executive Committee Meeting Nov 5-6, Dec 9 The Architect in a Changing Society, Program, May 40 PQAA Members Vote to Retain RAIC J. L. Reid, Mar 69 Andr~ Bloc, Assembly Keynote Speaker I Connection/Las Membres de I'AAPQ votent Photography, by Edward Lukeman, Apr 42 Orateur du theme de I'A ssembl~e. May 42 pour rester en connection avec 1'1 RAC, Dec 21 Montrea l - To See or Not to See, Andre New Product Exhibit at Assembly, May 91 Les Services de I'IRAC ~ I'AAPQ, Paul Blouin, May 48 Officers 1965/66 Direction, Jul 26 Trepanier, Dec 23 Casting Studio and Candle Factory, 58th Assembly, Photos, Jul30 Lumsden, Sask. Architect, Clifford Wiens, Assembly Dinner Address, by H. E. Pierre Survey of t he Profession Jun33 Dupuy, Jul 32 L'Architecture Fantastique, le Discours­ Contractor-Architect Discussion Topics, Feb 8 News Thl}me de I'Assembl~e. par Andre Bloc, Jul34 Report: Part I, Introduction & Summary of Assembly Report, Harry Mayerovitch (F), Findings/Partie Une, Introduction et Jan 13; Feb 8; Mar 8; Apr 61; May 9; Jul40 Sommaire 1964-65, May 63 Jun 10;Jui8;Aug8;Sep 19;0ct9; Assembly Discussion Groups /Groupes How to Assess a Survey, P. M. Keenleyside, Nov 9; Dec 21 d'~tude, Jul42 May79 Comment on the Assembly, Kenneth B. Smith, Annual Meeti ngs Jul45 Other

Architectural Institute of British Columbia, College of Fellows Canadian Joint Committee on Construction Feb 58 Materials Annual Meeting, Jan 14 Manitoba Association of Architects, Mar 10 Convocation, College of Fellows, Jul 27 Public Relations Advice, Charles W. Tisdall, Assembly Annuel de I"AAPQ : Principles Underlying Bestowal of Feb8 Rapport Annuel des D~l~gu~s de I'AAPO Fellowships, Aug 73 Annual Product Literature Awards Renamed ~ I'IRAC Conseil, Mar88 Principes Regissant !'Admission des Agreges, after the late P. T. M. Barott, Jun 67 Annual Report of POAA Delegates to Aug 75 Toronto Chapter OAA Officers, Sep 19 RAIC Council, Mar 89 Procedure for Nomination and Election of RAJA President Walkley visits Canada, Sep 19 Address by PRAIC Dr F. Bruce Brown, Fellows, Aug 74 Peter Dobush named to UIA Housing "Total Environment Now Architect's Field", R~gles Visant Ia mise en Candidature et Committee, Sep 71 Apr8 I' Admission de Membres, Aug 76 F. Bruce Brown, PPRAIC made FAIA, Oct 11 Two Addresses on School Design in Union lnternationale des Architectes Quebec: RAIC Observer's Report,DouglasShadbolt, Oct 74 1 Influence of Recent Changes in Working Sessions Report, Dr T. Howarth, Education on School Design, by James RAIC Journal Editorial Board Special Oct77 Angraves , Apr 47 General Meeting : RAIC and UIA, Joseph Pettick, Oct 79 2 L'Evolution de I'Enseignement du Part I, Jan 49; Part II, Feb 60 CAA Official Report, Oct 80 Qu~bec, par /'Honorable Paul Gerin-Lajoie, RAIC Experience Record Book Available, Executive Committee Report November 5- 6, Ministre de !'Education, Apr 48 Apr 61 Dec9 Alberta Association of Architects, Mar 87 New RAIC Headquarters Offices, May 9 Newfoundland Association of Architects, RAIC Executive Committee Meeting April 2, Obituaries Mar87 May9 Architects' Association of New Brunswick. Annual Reports to RAIC Council Standing Percy E. Nobbs (Hon. F) John Bland, Jan 13 Mar87 and Special Committees/ Rapports Annuals Peter Temple Murray Barott (F), Jan 14 OAA Diamond Jubilee, Oryst Sawchuk, au Conseil de I'IRAC Comites Permanents et Appreciation, Dorice Walford, Mar 91 Apr 15 Sp~ciaux, Apr 63 Willard Bruce Riddell (F), Alvin Prack, Mar 91 Address by Retiring President D'Arcy Helmer, RAJ C Foundation / La Fondation de 1'1 RAC, Gordon B. Pritchard, J. D. Berry, Mar 92 Apr20 Jun 67 Earl I. Brig ley, Mar 93 "New Perspectives in School Design": RAIC Journal Editorial Board: W. N. Greer, John W. Wood, H. A. Valentine, Apr 61 Address by Hon. W. G. Davies, Apr 50 appointed Chairman, Jul8 Alvan Sherlock Mathers. F. H. Marani, Jun 10 Saskatchewan Association of Architects, A. J. Diamond appointed Journal Associate H. N. Semmens (F), Aug 8 Apr 19 Editor, Aug 8 Norman L. Thompson,£. J. Gilbert, Aug 10 Nova Scotia Association of Architects, Apr 61 Report of Executive Committee Meeting Le Corbusier, A. J. Diamond, Oct 30 Sep 1 0-11, Oct 9 J. Folch-Ribas, Oct 31

62 JOURNAL RAIC /L'IRAC 1/66 Perspectives Research Developed Plywood Components, Kahn, L. I. , Nov 26; Kaminker, B., Mar 65; Alan E. Oman, Dec 50 Keenleyside, P. M., Jan 8, May 79; Kennedy, Fred W. Price, RAIC Executive Director I The Importance of Natural Standards to the D, E., Dec 55; Kovach, R .. Aug 29. Directeur General de 1'1 RAG. M ar 14; Forest Products Industry, J. H . Jenkins, Apr 10; Jun 14; Jul49; Sep 9 ; Oct 14; Dec 52 Lalonde, J.-L. , Jan 35, May 43, Sep 38; Dec 11 Structural Wood Research at the Forest Lamarre, D., Nov 35; Langford, J. A., Sep 74; Products Laboratory of Canada, D. E. Kennedy, Layng, J., Nov 20; Leithead, W., Aug 29; Registrations Dec 55 Leonard, A., Nov 61 ; Long, J. W. , Feb 1 0; Modern Wood Finishes, P. S. Brown, Dec 56 Lukeman, E., Apr 42. Oct86 Wood & the Mark IV Research House, S. Gitterman, Dec 58 Marani, F., Jun 10; Mayerovitch, H., Jul 40; Recreation Advances in Structural Laminating, Mikluchin, P. T., Oct 83; Munro, E.. Jun 73; W. M. Hall, Dec 60 Moulds, H. A., Jul 58. Camp Easter Seal, Lake Manitou, and Maple Bibliography, Dec 61 Creek Campsite, Sask. Architect, Clifford Nicol, F. J., Jan 25, Nov 35. Wiens, Jun 36 Authors and Contributors Oman, A. E., Dec 50 ; Oxley, Loren A., Religion Aarons, A., Jan 55, Feb 13, Mar 22, Apr 38, Nov 35. May 16, Jul 46, Aug 14, Sep 15, Oct 24, Sister's Residence, St Boniface, Man. Nov 16, Dec 23 ; Anderson. B., Mar 74 ; Parkin, J. C., Jun 57; Pettick, J., Oct 79; Architect. Etienne Gaboury, Jun 40 Andrews, J., Sep 38; Angrave, J., Apr 47; Platts, R. E., Dec 49 ; Prack, A ., Mar 91 ; Arnott, G., Nov 35. Price, F. W., Mar 14, Apr 10, May 9, Jun 14, Schools of A rchitecture Jul 49, Sep 9, Oct 9 & 14, Dec 11. Baker J., Sep 38; Batchelor, P. , Feb 22 ; Nova Scotia Technical College, School of Bernholtz, A., Jan 15; Berry, T. D., Mar 92 ; Reid, J . L., Mar 69; Richardson, J . K. D., Architecture, Student Project : A Development Biddell, J. L. , Mar 28, Apr 56; Bland, J., Feb 53. Plan for Dalhousie University, Jun 49 Jan 14; Bloc. A ... Jul 34; Blood, T. F., Feb 10, 1965 Graduates, Scholarships and Prizes; May 48; Blouin, A., Feb 43; Brown. F. B., Sawchuck, 0. H., Jan 36 Apr 15; Scully Nova Scotia Technical College, Universite Apr 8 ; Brown, P. S., Dec 56. V., Dec 37; Shadbolt, D ., Oct 74 ; Smith, K., Laval, Ecole d'Architecture, Montreal, Jul 45; Strong, R., Sep 38 ; Sullivan, J., University of Toronto, McGill University, Chambers, M ., Jun 26; Cullers, S., Sep 38. May 87. University of Manitoba, University of British Columbia, Sep 71 Davidson, E. M ., Nov 35; Davis, Hon W. G., Temple, D., Jun 73 ; Thorn, R. J ., Aug 29; Apr 50; Diamond, A. J., Sep 38, Oct 30; Tisdall, C. W., Feb 8; Tremblay, D ., Jun 23; Technical Dumont, Rene, Nov 51 ; Dupuy, H . E. Pierre, Trepanier. P., Aug 29. Jul32. Computer Design, Allen Bernholtz, Jan 15 Vair, J. W., Feb 19; Valentine, H . A ., Apr 61 ; Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics in Architecture, Elte, H., Mar 60, Jun 33; Esherick, J., Dec 38. Volgyesi, A.. Sep 38. J. K. D. Richardson, Feb 3 An Architect Looks at the Plastics Industry, Fiset, E., May 55 ; Folch-Ribas, J., May 46, Walford, D., Mar 91 ; Williams, C., Nov 35; John Spence, Mar 83 Oct 31, Oct 70. Wilson, Stuart, Jan 10, Mar 74, May 41 , Soil Cem ent for Paved Areas, Everest Munro, Oct 60. Denis Temple, Jun 73 Gerin-Lajoie, L' Hon P., Apr 48; Gilbert, E., New Developments in Structural Ceramics, Aug 1 0; Gitterman, S. A., Dec 58; Zeidler, E. H., Nov 35 ; Zvilna, J ., Cover Dr P. T. Mikluchin, Oct 83 Grossman, 1. , Sep 38. Design January.

Wood in Architecture Hall, J ., Sep 38; Hall, Wm. M ., Dec 60 ; Harvor, S., Apr 53; Helmer. D .. Apr 20 ; Prologue, Vincent Scully, Dec 37 Holden, J., Nov 35; Housom, E., Jun 63; Some Notes on Wood Frame, Joseph Howarth, T., Oct 77. Esherick, Dec 38 DBR / NRC's Housing Research Affects Jenkins, J. H., De c 52. Wood Development. R. E. Platts, Dec 49

1/ 66 JOURNAL RAIC IL'IRAC 63 If Ym! worked in the lobby, what entrance would you design?

For your comfort, an entrance without drafts, of course. This would surely be the International Controlled Air Entrance* Revolving Door, the only type that stops drafts. It is always open yet always closed because at least two wings always touch the enclosure, ceiling and floor. A drafty lobby means an unhappy client. Specify International Controlled Air Entrance* for draft-free comfort.

NEW CONCEALED SPEED CONTROL: International ,~:,:ao(i Nothing to get in the originated revolving doors woy of your stroight­ over 75 years ogo. ALWAYS O~~:AYS CLOSED line design. Speed Experience soys, control is hidden ..T hey must 'f_..f lNJI.J.y.<-"' within revolving door be the best." INTERNATIONAL STEEL COMPANY ceiling. 1625 Edgar Street • Evansville, Indiana 47707 W rite for free 54. page book, The Controlled Air Entrance* ' Trademark

64 JOURNAL RAIC/L'I RAC 1/66