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ICAR 311~Tft~3IR -~Cif~D\~Ti Iih Fti~)Q~ Ti(I(L~Iplt

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'Ie 1& ~ Ri i "'~ ~ i i ~ ~ 'Ie $ t ~ t ~ -[ ~ f'i ~ -I!: ~ "-" ~ ~ {; ': ~ ~ l ~ ~ _~ ~ ~ ~ 1& I ~ ~~~~~i -ro~l ~i! ~ . - t &: ~! I ! f! $' ~ iiii i ~ !' !~ I -fu ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ 1'-~ ~ 1& ~ t 'Ie ~ ~~i ~ ~ f ~ 1 ~.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ i ~ 1& ~ r -1& ~ IV' 15 %f\' 0 ~ I); ~ % ~ -~ ~ 'Ie t ~ .. de: i ~ 11 E! ~ ~ ~- ~ - E i : ~ i : ~ ! t :, ~ : . ' ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ :~ . ~ ~ ! ~' :[ ~ ~ ~ i - ICAR-NAYS Expert Consultation Meet >l1ll'JI'I!l ICAR "Strategies for Enhancing Milk Productivity of Indigenous Cattle" October 20, 2014 (Monday) CONCEPT ur country has about 6 lac villages which are home to 70% of human population where cattle Ohusbandry has always been a part of social and cultural heritage. Amongst various categories of livestock keepers the marginal, small and semi-medium farmers house about 89% of cattle population. The indigenous cattle population have been utilized for providing milk, milk products, draft power, bio-fertilizer, bio-fuel, producing bio-molecules and other products beneficial for human health besides being a source of sustained livelihood for landless and resource poor farmers. As per XVIII Livestock census (2007), India has about 199 million cattle population which includes 166 million (83%) indigenous and 33 million (17%) crossbred and exotic cattle. Of this large population, only 23.14 million heads (11 .62%) of indigenous cattle have been so far described and categorised into 44 different populations including 37 distinct and registered breeds. Indigenous cattle breeds are generally classified on the basis of their utility as mi lch breeds (Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, Gir and Rathi), draft breeds (Hallikar, Khillar, Nagauri, Kangayam, Red Kandhari etc.) and dual (m ilch and draft) purpose breeds (Tharparkar, Hariana, i<ankrej, Deoni, Ongole, Dangi, Kenkatha etc). These unique breeds have been developed through dedicated efforts of livestock keepers, pastoralists and other stake- holders over a period of thousands of years. During last few decades, the distinct biodiversity of our cattle breeds has been diluted due to changing breeding policies and adoption of a few improver breeds. Cu rrent milk production from indigenous cattle is on ly 2.36 kg/day at the national level. Even then the fact remains that indigenous cattle contribute significantly to the estimated (2013-14) national pool of 132.43 million tonnes of milk. Experiments conducted at various research institutes during last decade have demonstrated that many of these breeds have the genetic potential to produce 2000-3000 litres of milk in a lactation of 305 days. Since, majority of the states have draft type cattle breeds, a little improvement in their productivity will also contribute to increase in total milk production of the country. Conservation of ind igenous germplasm is equally important in light of the declining numbers over the years due to inconsistent breeding policies and consumer preference for a few breeds. Our country possesses a good infrastructure of various agencies involved in cattle improvement programme. We have more than 4000 goshalas which maintain about 20 lakh indigenous cows. In addition to 161 cattle breeding farms, 54 semen production centres, the country also processes 191 frozen semen banks, 77 ,765 AI centres, many veterinary hospitals/polyclinics, and dispensaries. Most of the states have animal husbandry departments and livestock development boards. Other stakeholders like NGOs, breed associations, farmer groups and pastoralists are also contributing towards breeding and conservation of indigenous cattle breeds. Kankrej Sahiwal Gir Red Sindhi Tharparkar Rathi Khillar Many of these goshalas with their own resources have been contributing towards conservation of Indian cattle breeds through proper breeding plans. These are also the treasure-houses of our ancient traditional knowledge related to cattle husbandry practices. have which demonstrated value addition through utilization of other by-products like dung, urine, horns etc in addition to milk and milk product. Unfortunately, many of these goshalas are still not well maintained in the ideal state and need financial and technical support. Major constraints for breed improvement and conservation of indigenous cattle are: • Higher age at first calving and inter calving period • Insufficient availability of genetically superior germplasm • Poor milk productivity • Insufficient availability of quality feed and fodder • Poor linkages for delivery of livestock services including veterinary and AI services • Isolated efforts by different agencies involved in programmes related to breed improvement and conservation • Li mited financial support to goshalas, religious muths and other NGOs involved in the process of breed improvement and conservation • Li mited efforts to understand and validate scientific basis of documented ITKs like panchgavya With the view to improve indigenous cattle, the Government of India has launched "Rashtriya Gokul Mission" through the State Implementing Agency viz. Livestock Development Boards for which Rs . 500 .00 crores have been allocated during the XII Five Year Plan .
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