Straits of Mackinac Contaminant Release Scenarios: Flow Visualization and Tracer Simulations
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Great Lakes Islands: Biodiversity Elements And
GREAT LAKES ISLANDS: BIODIVERSITY ELEMENTS AND THREATS A FINAL REPORT TO THE GREAT LAKES NATIONAL PROGRAM OFFICE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY AUGUST 6, 2007 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Funding for this project has been provided by the Great Lakes Program Office (GLNPO) of the Environmental Protection Agency (Grant No. Gl-96521901: Framework for the Binational Conservation of Great Lakes Islands). We especially appreciated the support of our project officer, K. Rodriquez, and G. Gulezian, director of the GLNPO. Project team members were F. Cuthbert (University of Minnesota), D. Ewert (The Nature Conservancy), R. Greenwood (U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service), D. Kraus (The Nature Conservancy of Canada), M. Seymour (U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service), K. Vigmostad (Principal Investigator, formerly of Northeast-Midwest Institute), and L. Wires (University of Minnesota). Team members for the Ontario portion of the project included W. Bakowsky (NHIC), B. Crins (Ontario Parks), J. Mackenzie (NHIC) and M. McMurtry (NHIC). GIS and technical support for this project has been provided by T. Krahn (Provincial Geomatics Service Centre, OMNR), J. Slatts (The Nature Conservancy), and G. White (The Nature Conservancy of Canada). Many others have provided scientific and policy support for this project. We particularly want to recognize M. DePhillips (The Nature Conservancy), G. Jackson (Parks Canada), B. Manny (Great Lakes Science Center), and C. Vasarhelyi (policy consultant). Cover photograph: A Bay on Gibraltar Island (Lake Erie) ©2005 Karen E. Vigmostad 2 Contents -
The Lake Michigan Natural Division Characteristics
The Lake Michigan Natural Division Characteristics Lake Michigan is a dynamic deepwater oligotrophic ecosystem that supports a diverse mix of native and non-native species. Although the watershed, wetlands, and tributaries that drain into the open waters are comprised of a wide variety of habitat types critical to supporting its diverse biological community this section will focus on the open water component of this system. Watershed, wetland, and tributaries issues will be addressed in the Northeastern Morainal Natural Division section. Species diversity, as well as their abundance and distribution, are influenced by a combination of biotic and abiotic factors that define a variety of open water habitat types. Key abiotic factors are depth, temperature, currents, and substrate. Biotic activities, such as increased water clarity associated with zebra mussel filtering activity, also are critical components. Nearshore areas support a diverse fish fauna in which yellow perch, rockbass and smallmouth bass are the more commonly found species in Illinois waters. Largemouth bass, rockbass, and yellow perch are commonly found within boat harbors. A predator-prey complex consisting of five salmonid species and primarily alewives populate the pelagic zone while bloater chubs, sculpin species, and burbot populate the deepwater benthic zone. Challenges Invasive species, substrate loss, and changes in current flow patterns are factors that affect open water habitat. Construction of revetments, groins, and landfills has significantly altered the Illinois shoreline resulting in an immeasurable loss of spawning and nursery habitat. Sea lampreys and alewives were significant factors leading to the demise of lake trout and other native species by the early 1960s. -
AN OVERVIEW of the GEOLOGY of the GREAT LAKES BASIN by Theodore J
AN OVERVIEW OF THE GEOLOGY OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN by Theodore J. Bornhorst 2016 This document may be cited as: Bornhorst, T. J., 2016, An overview of the geology of the Great Lakes basin: A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum, Web Publication 1, 8p. This is version 1 of A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum Web Publication 1 which was only internally reviewed for technical accuracy. The Great Lakes Basin The Great Lakes basin, as defined by watersheds that drain into the Great Lakes (Figure 1), includes about 85 % of North America’s and 20 % of the world’s surface fresh water, a total of about 5,500 cubic miles (23,000 cubic km) of water (1). The basin covers about 94,000 square miles (240,000 square km) including about 10 % of the U.S. population and 30 % of the Canadian population (1). Lake Michigan is the only Great Lake entirely within the United States. The State of Michigan lies at the heart of the Great Lakes basin. Together the Great Lakes are the single largest surface fresh water body on Earth and have an important physical and cultural role in North America. Figure 1: The Great Lakes states and Canadian Provinces and the Great Lakes watershed (brown) (after 1). 1 Precambrian Bedrock Geology The bedrock geology of the Great Lakes basin can be subdivided into rocks of Precambrian and Phanerozoic (Figure 2). The Precambrian of the Great Lakes basin is the result of three major episodes with each followed by a long period of erosion (2, 3). Figure 2: Generalized Precambrian bedrock geologic map of the Great Lakes basin. -
Great Lakes Islands Alliance
Great Lakes Islands Alliance 2017-2018 AnnuAL RepoRt About GLIA The Great Lakes Islands Alliance (GLIA) is a new voluntary, collaborative network that brings together island leaders, residents, and advocates from across the region. The mission of the GLIA is to encourag e relationship building, foster information exchange, and leverage resources to address shared challenges and embrace First Annual Great Lakes opportunities to benefit islands. Islands Alliance Summit Photo courtesy of Mackinac Island Town Crier This report highlights the major activities and accomplishments occurring in the time period between the 2017 and 2018 Great Lakes Islands Summits. The items are organized under each of the four Goals identified in the Charter of the Great Lakes Islands Alliance. To learn more about GLIA, visit www.greatlakesislandsalliance.org Members of GLIA enjoyed networking with other island communities at the 2018 National Working Waterfronts & Waterways Symposium in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Additionally, GLIA was asked to participate in a panel discussion about island living at the symposium. Jon W. Allan, director of the Michigan Office of the Great Lakes, addressing participants at the first annual Great Lakes Islands Alliance Summit on Beaver Island in 2017. Cover Image: Provided by the SeaWiFS Project, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, and ORBIMAGE 2017-2018 MAjOR ACTIvITIES ANd ACCOMPLIShMENTS Goal 1: Connect remote, distant communities • Formalized the “ Great Lakes Islands Alliance ” (GLIA). Current membership includes approximately 50 people, from 14 islands and four partner organizations • Successfully held annual member meetings GOAL 1: • 2017 Islands Summit – 1st annual event held on Beaver Island, Michigan ; Connect 75 attendees from 12 islands and multiple partner organizations remote, distant • 2018 Islands Summit – 2nd annual event held on Madeline Island, Wisconsin ; communities approximately 80 individuals registered from 13 islands and multiple partner organizations. -
TABLE of CONTENTS Publication 25
MICHIGAN GEOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SURVEY TABLE OF CONTENTS Publication 25. Geological Series 21. Letter of Transmittal, R. C. Allen....................................3 Climatic Conditions of Michigan by C. F. Schneider SURFACE GEOLOGY AND AGRICULTURAL with notes on the Northern Peninsula by Frank CONDITIONS OF MICHIGAN Leverett .............................................................................3 Modifying Effects of the Great Lakes. ............................3 BY FRANK LEVERETT Temperature...................................................................5 WITH A CHAPTER ON CLIMATE Frosts. ............................................................................6 BY C. F. SCHNEIDER Data on Northern Peninsula Frosts................................8 Precipitation....................................................................8 Drought...........................................................................9 Sunshine. .......................................................................9 Winds. ..........................................................................12 Relative Humidity. ........................................................12 General Climatic Data, 1886-1911...............................12 THE SURFACE GEOLOGY OF MICHIGAN. PART I.—THE NORTHERN PENINSULA. PUBLISHED AS A PART OF THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CHAPTER I. Physiography of the Northern BOARD OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR 1917. Peninsula. .......................................................................13 General Geographical Features...................................13 -
REFUNDING BONDS of MACKINAC BRIDGE AUTHORITY; TRANSFER of AUTHORITY to STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT Act 13 of 1966
REFUNDING BONDS OF MACKINAC BRIDGE AUTHORITY; TRANSFER OF AUTHORITY TO STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT Act 13 of 1966 AN ACT to implement the provisions of section 14 of the schedule and temporary provisions of the constitution of this state by providing for the issuance and sale of full faith and credit bonds of the state to refund the outstanding bonds heretofore issued by the Mackinac bridge authority and upon such refunding to abolish the Mackinac bridge authority and to transfer the operation, maintenance, repair and replacement of the Mackinac bridge to the state highway department with power to fix and collect tolls, fees and charges for the use of the bridge, its services and facilities. History: 1966, Act 13, Imd. Eff. Apr. 6, 1966. The People of the State of Michigan enact: 254.361 Refunding bonds; issuance, purpose. Sec. 1. The state may borrow money and issue its refunding bonds for the purpose of refunding the following outstanding bonds issued by the Mackinac bridge authority, and agency and instrumentality of this state created by Act No. 21 of the Public Acts of the Extra Session of 1950, being sections 254.301 to 254.304 of the Compiled Laws of 1948, pursuant to Act No. 214 of the Public Acts of 1952, as amended, being sections 254.311 to 254.331 of the Compiled Laws of 1948, and a certain indenture between the Mackinac bridge authority and the Detroit trust company, dated July 1, 1953: (a) Bridge revenue bonds, series A (Mackinac straits bridge), dated July 1, 1953, in the principal sum of $79,800,000.00; (b) Bridge revenue bonds, series B (Mackinac straits bridge), dated July 1, 1953, in the principal sum of $20,000,000.00. -
2019 ANNUAL REPORT the Mackinac Island State Park Commission Was Created by the Michigan Legislature on May 31, 1895
2019 ANNUAL REPORT The Mackinac Island State Park Commission was created by the Michigan legislature on May 31, 1895. The commission’s purpose was to administer Michigan’s first state park, which had previously been Mackinac National Park, the United States’ second national park, from 1875 to 1895. The commission’s jurisdiction was extended in 1909 to Michilimackinac State Park in Mackinaw City, Michigan’s second state park. Over 80 percent of Mackinac Island is now included within the boundaries of Mackinac Island State Park, which also contains Fort Mackinac historic site. Colonial Michilimackinac and Old Mackinac Point Lighthouse are located within Michilimackinac State Park. In 1983 the commission also opened Historic Mill Creek Creek State Park, east of Mackinaw City. The historic sites and parks are together known as Mackinac State Historic Parks. Annual visitation to all these parks and museums is nearly 1,000,000. Mackinac State Historic Parks has been accredited by the American Alliance of Museums since 1972. Mackinac Island State Park Commission 2019 Annual Report Daniel J. Loepp Richard A. Manoogian William K. Marvin Chairman Vice Chairman Secretary Birmingham Taylor Mackinaw City Rachel Bendit Marlee Brown Phillip Pierce Richard E. Posthumus Ann Arbor Mackinac Island Grosse Pte. Shores Alto Mackinac State Historic Parks Staff Phil Porter, Director Executive Staff: Brian S. Jaeschke, Registrar Steven C. Brisson, Deputy Director Keeney A. Swearer, Exhibit Designer Nancy A. Stempky, Chief of Finance Craig P. Wilson, Curator of History Myron Johnson, Mackinac Island Park Manager Park Operations: Robert L. Strittmatter, Mackinaw City Park Manager Troy A. Allaire, Park & Rec. -
Fact Sheet with Links to Key Information Can Be Accessed Online Here
Now is the time of reckoning for the decaying Enbridge Line 5 oil pipelines in the Straits of Mackinac and a proposed oil tunnel to replace them. On June 27, Michigan Attorney General Dana Nessel took decisive legal action on Line 5 in the Straits of Mackinac when she filed suit in Ingham County Circuit Court to revoke the 1953 easement that conditionally authorized Enbridge to pump oil through twin pipelines. Nessel’s lawsuit alleges that Enbridge’s continued operation of the Straits Pipelines violates the Public Trust Doctrine, is a common law public nuisance, and violates the Michigan Environmental Protection Act based on potential pollution, impairment, and destruction of water and other natural resources. Simultaneously, Governor Gretchen Whitmer and the natural resources and environmental protection agencies are defending the public’s rights and waters of the Great Lakes in Enbridge’s separate lawsuit against the state to build a tunnel under the Great Lakes for its oil pipelines to operate another 99 years. Gov. Whitmer also ordered the Michigan Department of Natural Resources to review violations of the Line 5 easement. As the state’s top leader and public trustee, the governor has the express legal authority to revoke the easement to start decommissioning the pipeline and to protect the Great Lakes. On June 6, Canada’s Line 5-owner Enbridge sued the State of Michigan to resuscitate a ‘Line 5’ oil tunnel deal and law rushed through in late 2018 at the end of the Snyder administration. Attorney General Dana Nessel in late March declared the oil tunnel law unconstitutional, triggering Gov. -
Mackinac Bridge Enters the Busy Season for Traffic and for Maintenance Work
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE TUESDAY, MAY 25, 2021 CONTACT: Kim Nowack, Mackinac Bridge Authority, 906-643-7600 Mackinac Bridge enters the busy season for traffic and for maintenance work May 25, 2021 -- As traffic picks up on the Mackinac Bridge for the traditional increase in warmer season travel, so does the work required to maintain this engineering icon. Contractor Seaway Painting is wrapping up five seasons devoted to stripping and repainting the bridge's twin ivory towers. At the same time, the Mackinac Bridge Authority's (MBA) team of dedicated maintenance staff is out on the bridge deck, replacing pieces of the original decking, repairing deck joints, and cleaning off a winter's worth of grit tracked onto the bridge. "Like with road work and maintenance anywhere else, the season for taking care of the Mackinac Bridge coincides with the peak of tourism travel in northern Michigan," said MBA Executive Secretary Kim Nowack. "We realize the views of the Straits of Mackinac are tempting, but we need customers to focus their attention on driving, especially when passing work zones on the bridge." Delays for work on the bridge are generally minimal, as most lane closures are removed for holidays and peak traffic periods, but in some cases those lane closures must remain in place even when traffic picks up. "We're all in a hurry to get where we're going, particularly when we're on vacation, but it's critically important that drivers slow down and set aside any distractions when they are passing through one of our work zones," Nowack said. -
Heritage Route 23 on the Great Lakes with a Hundred-Acre the Largest Falls in the Lower Peninsula
1 Great Lakes Maritime Heritage Center - 5 Alpena Bi-Path 10a Paul Bunyan 10b Shinga-ba-Shores Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary The Alpena Bi-Path is a bicycle and pedestrian ichigan Dive in and explore Great Lakes maritime heritage pathway throughout the City. Bike, walk, roller lpena,M at the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and blade and skateboard on the 18+ miles of paved Babe was white at the time he was built in A the Great Lakes Maritime Heritage Center. Thunder pathway and access all the waterfront parks in 1937/38 on the hill across from the Lookout Bay was designated as a national marine sanctuary the city. The Bi-Path follows along the top of the Inn. The legend was that a white cow on a hill to protect a nationally significant collection of breakwall at the marina, allowing an unobstructed signified good luck. In 1950, new owners bought nearly 200 shipwrecks that lie in Lake Huron off the view of Lake Huron. A section follows the shore the hill and Babe was painted blue. Paul was built coast of Alpena County, Michigan. These vessels of the Thunder Bay River through the Alpena in 1953. In 2006, Paul and Babe were moved to rest in an area known as Shipwreck Alley and tell County Fairgrounds. The Bi-Path encompasses the Maritime Heritage Trail located their present location and were restored in 2007. stories of the development of the Great Lakes region and the western expansion of the along the Thunder Bay River next to the Great Lakes Maritime Heritage Center and Shinga-ba-Shores is located across US 23 from Dinosaur Gardens. -
2019 Parks and Recreation Guide
EMMET COUNTY PARKS & RECREATION Headlands International Dark Sky Park Camp Petosega ▪ Fairgrounds ▪ McGulpin Lighthouse Crooked River Locks ▪ Bike Trails ▪ Cecil Bay emmetcounty.org/parks-recreation 231-348-5479 | [email protected] 21546_ParksandRecGuide.indd 1 3/4/19 8:17 AM Welcome to Emmet County, Michigan Welcome to our Parks and Recreation Guide! In these pages, we’re going to give you a snapshot tour of Emmet County’s most special amenities, from our International Dark Sky Park at the Headlands to our vast, connected trail network, to our parks and beaches, towns and natural resources. This is a special place, tucked into the top of Michigan’s mitten in the Northwest corner, a place where radiant sunsetsWhere and extraordinary fallquality color complement fluffyof lifeand abundant snowfall and the most satisfying shoreline summers you’ve ever spent. It’s a place that for centuries has been home to the is Odawa Indian tribe and the descendants of settlers from French and British beginnings.everything Here, the outdoors is yours to explore thanks to foresight and commitment from local officials who think one of the best things we can do for the public is to provide access to lakes, rivers, nature preserves, trails, parks and all the points in between. Here, there’s no shortage of scenery as you traverse our 460 square miles, from the tip of the Lower Peninsula at the Mackinac Bridge, to quaint little Good Hart on the west, the famed Inland Waterway at our east, and Petoskey and Bay Harbor to the south. We hope you enjoy your tour -
Mackinac County
MACKINAC COUNTY S o y C h r t o u Rock r u BETTY B DORGANS w C t d 8 Mile R D n 6 mlet h o i C d t H o y G r e e Island LANDING 4 CROSSING B u N a Y o d Rd R R R 4 e 8 Mile e y 4 1 k t R k d n 2 ix d t S 14 7 r i Advance n p n 17 d i m Unknow d o e a F u 5 C 123 t e T 7 x k d y O l a o s e i R i R 1 Ibo Rd 1 r r e r Sugar d C M o d Island R a e d R 4 p y f e D c E e S l e n N e i 4 C r a R E R o Y d R L 221 e v a i l 7 R h d A i w x d N i C n S a e w r d g d p e n s u d p 5 a c o r R a r t e B U d d T Island in t g G i e e a n r i g l R R n i o R a d e e R r Rd d o C C o e d d 9 Mile e c 4 r r g k P r h d a L M e n M t h R v B W R R e s e 2 r R C R O s n p N s l k n RACO ea l e u l 28 o ROSEDALE n i R C C d 1 y C l i ree a e le Rd e k a U d e v i 9 Mi e o S y r S a re e d i n g C R R Seney k t ek N e r h C Shingle Bay o U e i u C s R D r e U essea S Sugar B d e F s h k c n c i MCPHEES R L n o e f a a r s t P x h B y e d ut a k 3 So i r k i f u R e t o 0 n h a O t t 1 3 R r R d r r A h l R LANDING 3 M le 7 7 s i T o 1 E d 0 M n i 1 C w a S t U i w e a o s a kn ECKERMAN t R R r v k C o n I Twp r C B U i s Superior e e Island h d d e b Mile Rd r d d Mile Rd 10 e a S f 10 o e i r r q l n s k i W c h n d C u F 3 Columbus u T l McMillan Twp ens M g C g a h r t E a h r 5 Mo reek R n E T 9 H H q m REXFORD c e i u a DAFTER n R W r a l k 5 o M r v Twp Y m r h m L e e C p e i e Twp F s e STRONGS d i Dafter Twp H ty Road 462 East R t d e a Coun P n e e S n e r e v o v o s l d C i R m s n d T o Twp h R t Chippewa l p R C r e NEWBERRY U o e R a n A