DOCSLIB.ORG

SRI LANKA a Hidden Displacement Crisis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
SRI LANKA a Hidden Displacement Crisis 31 October 2012 SRI LANKA A hidden displacement crisis More than three years after the end of the 26-year armed conflict between the Sri Lankan armed forces and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), nearly 470,000 people displaced during its various stages have returned to their home areas. This does not mean, however, that there is no internal displacement in the country any more. As of the end of September 2012, more than 115,000 internally displaced people (IDPs) were still living in camps, with host communities or in transit sites, A cyclone hits the return areas in northern Sri Lanka where people who had been or had been relocated, often against their displaced by the armed conflict continue to live in make-shift shelters constructed from old tin sheets and tarpaulins several months after their return. will, to areas other than their places of (Photo: NRC/October 2012) origin. Among those registered as having returned, many have not been able to achieve a durable solu- tion but continue to face difficulties in accessing basic necessities such as shelter, food, water and sanitation, in rebuilding their livelihoods, and in exercising their civil rights. De-mining op- erations are still ongoing in livelihood areas. Unresolved land issues have been a major obstacle to durable solutions for IDPs and IDP returnees. Conflict-affected areas remain highly militarised, which has made progress towards achieving durable solutions more difficult. The military has become an important economic player and a key competitor of local people including returnees in the areas of agriculture, fishing, trade, and tourism. It has also been involved in areas that would normally come under civilian administra- tion. It continues to occupy private land, thereby impeding IDPs’ return. The government has failed to make durable solutions a priority, and humanitarian organisations have faced funding shortages and restrictions on programming and access. All these challenges have the potential to lead to new grievances which could spark further violence among the population in the north and east. www.internal-displacement.org General map of Sri Lanka 80° 80°30' 81° Ka Kankesanturai Point Pedro National capital rai SRI LANKA tiv u t i I Jaffna Provincial capital a . r Peninsula t Kayts Jaffna Town, village S Kayts I. Airports Ja k ffna l Punkudutivu I. L Elephant Pass agoon Provincial boundary 9°30' a Devipattinam P Delft I. Main road I N P a l k B a y Kilinochchi Secondary road D I Puthukkudiyiruppu A - Nanthi Kadal Railroad Rameswaram Iranaitivu Is. Mullaittivu Pamban I. Vellankulam 81 30' 82 Ferr ° ° Dhanushkodi y Mankulam Nayaru Lagoon Ad Talaimannar am 's Nedunkeni Bridg NORTHERN Kokkilai e Mannar Lagoon 9° Puliyankulam 9° Island Mannar Pulmoddai Madhu Road Bay of Bengal Gulf of Mannar Silavatturai Vavuniya Kebitigollewa Pankulam Nilaveli A Medawachchiya Horuwupotana Trincomalee r u yar Bay v di i d 8 30' A o 8 30' ° r Hamillewa K ° Karaitivu I. u Mutur a y O n Kantalai Pomparippu a Anuradhapura Y Kalpitiya NORTH CENTRAL n o Kathiraveli o Maragahewa g a L K al a m Oya a l a Habarane t Kekirawa t u Puttalam Galgamuwa 8° P 8 Polonnaruwa ° NORTH a y Valachchenai O Anamaduwa Maho a Mundal L. r Dambulla u Chenkaladi d a WESTERN Naula M Batticaloa Oya uru ed a D Ganewatta g EASTERN n Chilaw a Madura Oya G Reservoir i l Maha Oya Paddiruppu e 7 30' Kurunegala w 7 30' ° Matale a ° h Kuliyapitiya a Kehelula CENTRAL M Uhana Kalmunai Pannala Kandy Mahiyangana Amparai ya Randenigale Maha O a Res. y Tirrukkovil Negombo Kegalla l O Ga Negombo Victoria Falls Senanayake Lagoon Gampaha Reservoir Bibile Samudra Ja-Ela Nuwara 7 a Eliya Badulla 7 ° ng ° Kelani a Avissawella Colombo G Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte UVA Mount Lavinia Pottuvil Monaragala Moratuwa Haputale Laccadive Sea WESTERN Ratnapura Buttala lu Ganga Panadura Horana Ka Balangoda K i r Okanda a i g n Kalutara SABARAGAMUWA n d i a O Matugama G Telulla y Pelmadulla e a Kumana 6 30' Rakwana w 6 30' a ° l ° Beruwala a W Kataragama Embilipitiya SRI LANKA Deniyaya Tissamaharama Ambalangoda I N D I A N Udugama SOUTHERN Kirinda OCEAN Akuressa Hambantota Galle 0 25 50 75 km The boundaries and names shown and the designations Tangalla 6 used on this map do not imply official endorsement or ° acceptance by the United Nations. 0 25 50 mi Matara Dondra Head 79° 79°30' 80° 80°30' 81° 81°30' 82° Map No. 4172 Rev. 1 UNITED NATIONS Department of Peacekeeping Operations January 2004 Cartographic Section Source: UN Cartographic Section More maps are available at www.internal-displacement.org/maps Sri Lanka: A hidden displacement crisis Background left the peace negotiations, attacked the security forces and politicians, and took control of most of In 1983, internal armed conflict broke out be- Jaffna along with large areas of northern and east- tween government forces and the LTTE, an ethnic ern Sri Lanka. They also killed the leaders of rival Tamil group which, using political negotiation and Tamil groups and expelled around 75,000 Muslims violent means, aimed to create a separate home- who had been living in the north (ICG, Sri Lanka’s land in the north and east of Sri Lanka. After Sri North I, 16 March 2012, p.3; ICG, 28 November Lankan independence in 1948, the Tamil minority 2006, pp.3-4; BBC News, 23 October 2012). - which had played a greater role than the ethnic Sinhala majority in the British colonial administra- The government’s response included killings, tion - lost influence and was discriminated against disappearances and other human rights viola- in a series of political decisions. In 1956, Sinhala tions against large numbers of Tamil civilians. replaced English as Sri Lanka’s official language The LTTE began to use suicide bombers, most and in 1972 the new constitution declared notably in the assassinations of the Indian Prime Buddhism, which most Sinhala adhere to, the Minister Rajiv Gandhi in May 1991 and Sri Lankan country’s main official religion (ICG, 28 November President Premadasa in May 1993. Chandrika 2006, pp.2-3). Kumaratunga, who assumed the presidency in November 1994, also tried to conduct peace In the 1970s, several armed Tamil nationalist negotiations. Her initiative soon failed, however, groups emerged in Jaffna district. They became and in December 1995 the security forces took stronger and gained in membership after ethnic control of Jaffna. The war continued and included clashes between Tamil and Sinhala militants in the LTTE attacks on the Sri Lankan central bank in early 1980s, and they received funding, weapons Colombo in 1996 and the Buddhist shrine of the and training from India. In July 1983, militant Temple of the Tooth in Kandy in 1998. President Tamils killed 13 Sri Lankan soldiers in Jaffna. The Kumaratunga was wounded in an LTTE attack in security forces carried out reprisal attacks and did 1999. In 2000, the rebels launched an assault on nothing to prevent Sinhala mobs from killing as Colombo’s Bandaranaike international airport, many as 1,000 Tamils, attacking and destroying destroying half of Sri Lankan Airlines’ fleet. They Tamil homes and property and displacing more also conquered the strategic Elephant Pass, which than 100,000 people both within the north and connects the Jaffna peninsula to mainland Sri east of the country and to India. Under the com- Lanka (ICG, 28 November 2006, pp.4-5). mand of Vellupillai Prabhakaran, the LTTE became the strongest of the armed Tamil groups and car- In February 2002, the government led by Prime ried out attacks on members of the security forces Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe signed a ceasefire and the government (ICG, 28 November 2006, p.3; agreement with the LTTE brokered by Norway. Global IDP Database, 7 March 2005, p.17). The LTTE was given official control of the northern Vanni region and rural areas of eastern Sri Lanka, In 1987, Delhi sent the Indian Peace-Keeping while the government retained the towns of Force (IPKF) to the north-east of Sri Lanka to stop Jaffna, Trincomalee and Batticaloa. The LTTE set the fighting and put pressure on the government up its own police force, judiciary and bank, but in Colombo to accept a degree of autonomy for Sri Colombo continued to provide most services in Lankan Tamils. IPKF left in 1990 upon the request LTTE-controlled areas. The Sri Lanka Monitoring of the then-president, Ranasinghe Premadasa, Mission (SLMM), made up of more than 70 per- who believed he was close to reaching a peace sonnel from Nordic countries, was charged with agreement with the LTTE. The rebels, however, monitoring the ceasefire in the north and east 31 October 2012 www.internal-displacement.org 3 Sri Lanka: A hidden displacement crisis of the country. Both parties began violating the Heavy fighting from January to May 2009 was ac- agreement soon after it was signed, with the LTTE companied by a humanitarian crisis in the Vanni, recruiting children and carrying out political kill- with both sides to the conflict committing more ings (ICG, 28 November 2006, pp.5-6). violations of international humanitarian law than ever before. Civilians found themselves con- Peace negotiations broke down in April 2003, tained inside “no fire zones” or “safe zones” that and three years later the LTTE withdrew from the government had unilaterally declared. There the process altogether. In July 2006, the rebels was, however, no safety. Reports suggest that the closed the Mavil Aru sluice gates that supplied army attacked civilians, hospitals and humanitar- water to government-controlled areas, and the ian operations; that the LTTE killed and injured army responded with an intense military offensive civilians, in some cases forcing the wounded to aimed at recapturing LTTE-controlled areas in stay in conflict areas; and that tens of thousands the east.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Downloaded from the ACCORD As the “Saviours”, and Darfurians Negatively As Only Just the “Survivors”
    CONTENTS EDITORIAL 2 by Vasu Gounden FEATURES 3 Paramilitary Groups and National Security: A Comparison Between Colombia and Sudan by Jerónimo Delgådo Caicedo 13 The Path to Economic and Political Emancipation in Sri Lanka by Muttukrishna Sarvananthan 23 Symbiosis of Peace and Development in Kashmir: An Imperative for Conflict Transformation by Debidatta Aurobinda Mahapatra 31 Conflict Induced Displacement: The Pandits of Kashmir by Seema Shekhawat 38 United Nations Presence in Haiti: Challenges of a Multidimensional Peacekeeping Mission by Eduarda Hamann 46 Resurgent Gorkhaland: Ethnic Identity and Autonomy by Anupma Kaushik BOOK 55 Saviours and Survivors: Darfur, Politics and the REVIEW War on Terror by Karanja Mbugua This special issue of Conflict Trends has sought to provide a platform for perspectives from the developing South. The idea emanates from ACCORD's mission to promote dialogue for the purpose of resolving conflicts and building peace. By introducing a few new contributors from Asia and Latin America, the editorial team endeavoured to foster a wider conversation on the way that conflict is evolving globally and to encourage dialogue among practitioners and academics beyond Africa. The contributions featured in this issue record unique, as well as common experiences, in conflict and conflict resolution. Finally, ACCORD would like to acknowledge the University of Uppsala's Department of Peace and Conflict Research (DPCR). Some of the contributors to this special issue are former participants in the department's Top-Level Seminars on Peace and Security, a Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) advanced international training programme. conflict trends I 1 EDITORIAL BY VASU GOUNDEN In the autumn of November 1989, a German continually construct walls in the name of security; colleague in Washington DC invited several of us walls that further divide us from each other so that we to an impromptu celebration to mark the collapse have even less opportunity to know, understand and of Germany’s Berlin Wall.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Dimensions of Conflict-Induced Internally Displaced Population in the Puttalam District of Sri Lanka from 1980 to 2012 Deepthi Lekani Waidyasekera
    University of North Dakota UND Scholarly Commons Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects 12-1-2012 Spatial Dimensions of Conflict-Induced Internally Displaced Population in the Puttalam District of Sri Lanka from 1980 to 2012 Deepthi Lekani Waidyasekera Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.und.edu/theses Recommended Citation Waidyasekera, Deepthi Lekani, "Spatial Dimensions of Conflict-Induced Internally Displaced Population in the Puttalam District of Sri Lanka from 1980 to 2012" (2012). Theses and Dissertations. 668. https://commons.und.edu/theses/668 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, and Senior Projects at UND Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UND Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SPATIAL DIMENSIONS OF CONFLICT-INDUCED INTERNALLY DISPLACED POPULATION IN THE PUTTALAM DISTRICT OF SRI LANKA FROM 1980 TO 2012 by Deepthi Lekani Waidyasekera Bachelor of Arts, University of Sri Jayawardanapura,, Sri Lanka, 1986 Master of Science, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2001 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of North Dakota In partial fulfilment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Arts Grand Forks, North Dakota December 2012 Copyright 2012 Deepthi Lekani Waidyasekera ii PERMISSION Title Spatial Dimensions of Conflict-Induced Internally Displaced Population in the Puttalam District of Sri Lanka from 1980 to 2012 Department Geography Degree Master of Arts In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a graduate degree from the University of North Dakota, I agree that the library of the University shall make it freely available for inspection.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report Volume Ii Appendix (1/2)
    DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA MAHAWELI AUTHORITY OF SRI LANKA (MASL) PREPARATORY SURVEY ON MORAGAHAKANDA DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FINAL REPORT VOLUME II APPENDIX (1/2) JULY 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. SAD CR (5) 10－011 DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA MAHAWELI AUTHORITY OF SRI LANKA (MASL) PREPARATORY SURVEY ON MORAGAHAKANDA DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FINAL REPORT VOLUME II APPENDIX (1/2) JULY 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. PREPARATORY SURVEY ON MORAGAHAKANDA DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FINAL REPORT LIST OF VOLUMES VOLUME I MAIN REPORT VOLUME II APPENDIX (1/2) APPENDIX A GEOLOGY APPENDIX B WATER BALANCE Not to be disclosed until the APPENDIX C REVIEW OF DESIGN OF contract agreements for all the FACILITIES OF THE PROJECT works and services are concluded. APPENDIX D COST ESTIMATE APPENDIX E ECONOMIC EVALUATION VOLUME III APPENDIX (2/2) APPENDIX F ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION APPENDIX A GEOLOGY APPENDIX A GEOLOGY REPORT 1. Introduction Geological Investigations for Moragahakanda dam were commenced by USOM in 1959, and core drilling surveys were subsequently done by UNDP/FAO and Irrigation Department of Sri Lanka in 1967/1968 and 1977/1978 respectively. A full-scale geological investigation including core drilling, seismic prospecting, work adit, in-situ rock shear test, construction material survey and test grouting was carried out for the feasibility study by JICA in 1979 (hereinafter referred to FS (1979)). Almost twenty years had past after FS (1979), additional feasibility study including 34 drill holes was carried out by Lahmeyer International Associates in 2000/2001 (hereinafter referred to FS (2001)). Subsequently, supplemental geological investigations including core drilling, electric resistivity survey and laboratory tests for rock materials were done by MASL in 2007.
    [Show full text]
  • Clean Energy and Access Improvement Project
    Resettlement Planning Document Resettlement Plan Document Stage: Final Project Number: 39419 July 2008 SRI: Clean Energy and Access Improvement Project Prepared by Ceylon Electricity Board The resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA CEYLON ELECTRICITY BOARD NATIONAL GRID DEVELOPMENT PROJECT LOAN AGREEMENT NO: RESETTLEMENT AND COMPENSATION PLAN ENVIRONMENT UNIT CEYLON ELECTRICITY BOARD COLOMBO SRI LANAKA Abbreviations ADB - Asian Development Bank BoI - Board of Investment 0C - Celsius CEA - Central Environmental Authority CEB - Ceylon Electricity Board db(A) - A-Weighted sound measurement in decibels DS - Divisional Secretary EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EPL - Environmental Protection License GIS - Gas Insulated Substation GN - Grama Niladhari GS - Grid Substation IEC - International Electrotechnical Commission IEE - Initial Environmental Examination IPP - Independent Power Producer km - kilometer kV - kilovolt LoI - Letter of Intent m - meter mm - millimeter MOH - Medical Officer of Health MVA - Megavolt Ampere MW - Megawatt NCRE - Non-Conventional Renewable Energy NGO - Non Government Organization NIRR - National Policy on Involuntary Resettlement NEA - National Environment Act PAA - Project Approving Agency PAC - Project Approving Committee PSS/e - Power System Simulation REA - Rapid Environmental Assessment ROW - Right of Way SEA - Sustainable Energy Authority SLBC - Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation SPPA - Small Power Purchase Agreement SPP - Small Power Producer VRR - Victoria, Randenigala, Rantembe W - Watt Page 1 Executive Summary This Resettlement and Compensation Plan covers the proposed National Grid Development Project of Ceylon Electricity Board, Sri Lanka, scheduled for implementation from year 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • Smart Border Management: Indian Coastal and Maritime Security
    Contents Foreword p2/ Preface p3/ Overview p4/ Current initiatives p12/ Challenges and way forward p25/ International examples p28/Sources p32/ Glossary p36/ FICCI Security Department p38 Smart border management: Indian coastal and maritime security September 2017 www.pwc.in Dr Sanjaya Baru Secretary General Foreword 1 FICCI India’s long coastline presents a variety of security challenges including illegal landing of arms and explosives at isolated spots on the coast, infiltration/ex-filtration of anti-national elements, use of the sea and off shore islands for criminal activities, and smuggling of consumer and intermediate goods through sea routes. Absence of physical barriers on the coast and presence of vital industrial and defence installations near the coast also enhance the vulnerability of the coasts to illegal cross-border activities. In addition, the Indian Ocean Region is of strategic importance to India’s security. A substantial part of India’s external trade and energy supplies pass through this region. The security of India’s island territories, in particular, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, remains an important priority. Drug trafficking, sea-piracy and other clandestine activities such as gun running are emerging as new challenges to security management in the Indian Ocean region. FICCI believes that industry has the technological capability to implement border management solutions. The government could consider exploring integrated solutions provided by industry for strengthening coastal security of the country. The FICCI-PwC report on ‘Smart border management: Indian coastal and maritime security’ highlights the initiatives being taken by the Central and state governments to strengthen coastal security measures in the country.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAP 9 Sri Lanka
    79o 00' 79o 30' 80o 00' 80o 30' 81o 00' 81o 30' 82o 00' Kankesanturai Point Pedro A I Karaitivu I. Jana D Peninsula N Kayts Jana SRI LANKA I Palk Strait National capital Ja na Elephant Pass Punkudutivu I. Lag Provincial capital oon Devipattinam Delft I. Town, village Palk Bay Kilinochchi Provincial boundary - Puthukkudiyiruppu Nanthi Kadal Main road Rameswaram Iranaitivu Is. Mullaittivu Secondary road Pamban I. Ferry Vellankulam Dhanushkodi Talaimannar Manjulam Nayaru Lagoon Railroad A da m' Airport s Bridge NORTHERN Nedunkeni 9o 00' Kokkilai Lagoon Mannar I. Mannar Puliyankulam Pulmoddai Madhu Road Bay of Bengal Gulf of Mannar Silavatturai Vavuniya Nilaveli Pankulam Kebitigollewa Trincomalee Horuwupotana r Bay Medawachchiya diya A d o o o 8 30' ru 8 30' v K i A Karaitivu I. ru Hamillewa n a Mutur Y Pomparippu Anuradhapura Kantalai n o NORTH CENTRAL Kalpitiya o g Maragahewa a Kathiraveli L Kal m a Oy a a l a t t Puttalam Kekirawa Habarane u 8o 00' P Galgamuwa 8o 00' NORTH Polonnaruwa Dambula Valachchenai Anamaduwa a y O Mundal Maho a Chenkaladi Lake r u WESTERN d Batticaloa Naula a M uru ed D Ganewatta a EASTERN g n Madura Oya a G Reservoir Chilaw i l Maha Oya o Kurunegala e o 7 30' w 7 30' Matale a Paddiruppu h Kuliyapitiya a CENTRAL M Kehelula Kalmunai Pannala Kandy Mahiyangana Uhana Randenigale ya Amparai a O a Mah Reservoir y Negombo Kegalla O Gal Tirrukkovil Negombo Victoria Falls Reservoir Bibile Senanayake Lagoon Gampaha Samudra Ja-Ela o a Nuwara Badulla o 7 00' ng 7 00' Kelan a Avissawella Eliya Colombo i G Sri Jayewardenepura
    [Show full text]
  • Update UNHCR/CDR Background Paper on Sri Lanka
    NATIONS UNIES UNITED NATIONS HAUT COMMISSARIAT HIGH COMMISSIONER POUR LES REFUGIES FOR REFUGEES BACKGROUND PAPER ON REFUGEES AND ASYLUM SEEKERS FROM Sri Lanka UNHCR CENTRE FOR DOCUMENTATION AND RESEARCH GENEVA, JUNE 2001 THIS INFORMATION PAPER WAS PREPARED IN THE COUNTRY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS UNIT OF UNHCR’S CENTRE FOR DOCUMENTATION AND RESEARCH ON THE BASIS OF PUBLICLY AVAILABLE INFORMATION, ANALYSIS AND COMMENT, IN COLLABORATION WITH THE UNHCR STATISTICAL UNIT. ALL SOURCES ARE CITED. THIS PAPER IS NOT, AND DOES NOT, PURPORT TO BE, FULLY EXHAUSTIVE WITH REGARD TO CONDITIONS IN THE COUNTRY SURVEYED, OR CONCLUSIVE AS TO THE MERITS OF ANY PARTICULAR CLAIM TO REFUGEE STATUS OR ASYLUM. ISSN 1020-8410 Table of Contents LIST OF ACRONYMS.............................................................................................................................. 3 1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................... 4 2 MAJOR POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN SRI LANKA SINCE MARCH 1999................ 7 3 LEGAL CONTEXT...................................................................................................................... 17 3.1 International Legal Context ................................................................................................. 17 3.2 National Legal Context........................................................................................................ 19 4 REVIEW OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION...............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Government of the Democratic
    THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF THE GOVERNMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER 2019 DEPARTMENT OF STATE ACCOUNTS GENERAL TREASURY COLOMBO-01 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. 1. Note to Readers 1 2. Statement of Responsibility 2 3. Statement of Financial Performance for the Year ended 31st December 2019 3 4. Statement of Financial Position as at 31st December 2019 4 5. Statement of Cash Flow for the Year ended 31st December 2019 5 6. Statement of Changes in Net Assets / Equity for the Year ended 31st December 2019 6 7. Current Year Actual vs Budget 7 8. Significant Accounting Policies 8-12 9. Time of Recording and Measurement for Presenting the Financial Statements of Republic 13-14 Notes 10. Note 1-10 - Notes to the Financial Statements 15-19 11. Note 11 - Foreign Borrowings 20-26 12. Note 12 - Foreign Grants 27-28 13. Note 13 - Domestic Non-Bank Borrowings 29 14. Note 14 - Domestic Debt Repayment 29 15. Note 15 - Recoveries from On-Lending 29 16. Note 16 - Statement of Non-Financial Assets 30-37 17. Note 17 - Advances to Public Officers 38 18. Note 18 - Advances to Government Departments 38 19. Note 19 - Membership Fees Paid 38 20. Note 20 - On-Lending 39-40 21. Note 21 (Note 21.1-21.5) - Capital Contribution/Shareholding in the Commercial Public Corporations/State Owned Companies/Plantation Companies/ Development Bank (8568/8548) 41-46 22. Note 22 - Rent and Work Advance Account 47-51 23. Note 23 - Consolidated Fund 52 24. Note 24 - Foreign Loan Revolving Funds 52 25.
    [Show full text]
  • MICE-Proposal-Sri-Lanka-Part-2.Pdf
    Sri Lanka East Coast Region Trincomalee , a port city on the northeast coast of Sri Lanka. Set on a peninsula, Fort Frederick was built by the Portuguese in the 17th century. Trincomalee is one of the main centers of Tamil speaking culture on the island. The beaches are used for scuba diving, snorkeling and whale watching. The city also has the largest Dutch Fort in Sri Lanka. Best for: blue-whale watching. Arugam Bay, Arugam Bay is a unique and spectacular golden sandy beach on the East coast, located close to Pottuvil in the Ampara district. It is one of the best surfing spots in the world and hosts a number of international surfing competitions. Best for: Surfing & Ethnic Charm The beach of Pasikudah, which boasts one of the longest stretches of shallow coastline in the world. Sri Lanka ‘s Cultural Triangle Sri Lanka’s Cultural triangle is situated in the centre of the island and covers an area which includes 5 World Heritage cultural sites(UNESCO) of the Sacred City of Anuradhapura, the Ancient City of Polonnaruwa, the Ancient City of Sigiriya, the Ancient City of Dambulla and the Sacred City of Kandy. Due to the constructions and associated historical events, some of which are millennia old, these sites are of high universal value; they are visited by many pilgrims, both laymen and the clergy (prominently Buddhist), as well as by local and foreign tourists. Kandy the second largest city in Sri- Lanka and a UNESCO world heritage site, due its rich, vibrant culture and history. This historic city was the Royal Capital during the 16th century and maintains its sanctified glory predominantly due to the sacred temples.
    [Show full text]
  • National Institute of Oceanography Goa-India
    NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY GOA-INDIA 1978 ANNUAL REPORT 14 1978 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY ( Council of Scientific &. Industrial Research ) DONA PAULA - 403 004 GOA, INDIA CONTENTS Page No 1. General Introduction 1 2. Research Activities 2.0 Oceanographic Cruises of R.V. Gaveshani 2 2..1 Physical Oceanography 8 2.2 Chemical Oceanography 15 2.3 Geological Oceanography 22 2.4 Biological Oceanography 26 2.5 Ocean Engineering 36 2.6 Oceanographic Instrumentation 38 2.7 Planning, Publications, Information and Data 41 2.8 Interdisciplinary Task Forces 45 2.9 Sponsored Projects 50 2.10 International Projects 56 3. Technical Services 57 4. Administrative Set-up 4.1 Cruise Planning and Programme Priorities Committee for R.V. Gaveshani 60 4.2 Executive Committee 62 4.3 Scientific Advisory Committee 62 4.4 Budget 64 4.5 Scientific and Technical Staff 64 5. Awards, honours and membership of various committees 73 6. Deputations 76 7. Meetings, exhibitions, seminars, symposia, talks and special lectures 77 8. Colloquia 80 9. Radio talks 82 10. Distinguished visitors 10.1 Visit of the Prime Minister of India 10.2 Visit of the Minister of Shipping and Transport 83 10.3 Visit of other VIP's and Scientists 11. Publications 11.1 Publications of the Institute 87 11.2 Papers published 87 11..3 Popular articles and books published 93 11.4 Reports published 94 1 General Introduction In 1978, emphasis on the utilization of technology available at the Institute by the user community was continued. The Institute's research and development programmes included 23 projects, of which 6 were star- ted during this year.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Northern Province of Sri Lanka Report
    Integrated Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Northern Province of Sri Lanka A multi-agency approach coordinated by Central Environment Authority and Disaster Management Centre, Supported by United Nations Development Programme and United Nations Environment Programme Integrated Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Northern Province of Sri Lanka November 2014 A Multi-agency approach coordinated by the Central Environmental Authority (CEA) of the Ministry of Environment and Renewable Energy and Disaster Management Centre (DMC) of the Ministry of Disaster Management, supported by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Integrated Strategic Environment Assessment of the Northern Province of Sri Lanka ISBN number: 978-955-9012-55-9 First edition: November 2014 © Editors: Dr. Ananda Mallawatantri Prof. Buddhi Marambe Dr. Connor Skehan Published by: Central Environment Authority 104, Parisara Piyasa, Battaramulla Sri Lanka Disaster Management Centre No 2, Vidya Mawatha, Colombo 7 Sri Lanka Related publication: Map Atlas: ISEA-North ii Message from the Hon. Minister of Environment and Renewable Energy Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a systematic decision support process, aiming to ensure that due consideration is given to environmental and other sustainability aspects during the development of plans, policies and programmes. SEA is widely used in many countries as an aid to strategic decision making. In May 2006, the Cabinet of Ministers approved a Cabinet of Memorandum
    [Show full text]
  • SRI LANKA 2019 the Details
    T A V E R N A T R A V E L S P R E S E N T S S R I L A N K A J U N E 2 0 1 9 G R O U P T R I P J U N E 1 - 9 T H , 2 0 1 9 ONLY $1,400 SRI LANKA 2019 the details JUNE 1 - 9 • 2019 $1,400 what's included? This 8 day adventure is jam-packed wit are a mix of local and luxury! The goal is to keep the cost of the trip as low as possible, while still providing an adventure filled trip! WHAT'S INCLUDED WHAT'S NOT INCLUDED - 8 NIGHTS ACCOMMODATION - FLIGHTS IN SHARED ROOMS - VISA - WELCOME DINNER - TRAVEL INSURANCE - 2 MEALS A DAY - DRINKS - PRIVATE DRIVER - PERSONAL - GROUP PHOTOGRAPHER INCIDENTALS EXPENSES - DAILY ACTIVITIES - OPTIONAL ACTIVITIES SRI LANKA JUNE 2019 activities list of example included activities - VI S I T T O L OCAL T EMPL ES AND S T AT UES - GUI DED HI KES - EL EPHANT S AF ARI - COOKI NG CL AS S - YOGA CL AS S - VI S I T T O T EA PL ANT AT I ON the itinerary 8 ACTIVITY FILLED DAYS IN COLOMBO, KANDY, HAPUTALE, ELLA, AND WELIGAMA. BUSTLING CITIES, ROLLING HILLS, SANDY BEACHES.. THIS TRIP COVERS IT ALL! DAY TRIPS ACCOMMODATIONS SIRIGIYA INCLUDE: UDAWALAWE 5 STAR SUITES MIRISSA HOSTELS UNAWATUNA HOMESTAYS GALLE AIRBNB DAY 1 Meet in Colombo Spend the afternoon exploring the city Welcome dinner buffet DAY 2 Early morning pickup for drive to Kandy Explore the bustling city of Kandy with visits to the Bahiravokanda Vihara Buddha, local temples, and the market.
    [Show full text]