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Final Report Volume Ii Appendix (1/2)

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Final Report Volume Ii Appendix (1/2) DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA MAHAWELI AUTHORITY OF SRI LANKA (MASL) PREPARATORY SURVEY ON MORAGAHAKANDA DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FINAL REPORT VOLUME II APPENDIX (1/2) JULY 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. SAD CR (5) 10－011 DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA MAHAWELI AUTHORITY OF SRI LANKA (MASL) PREPARATORY SURVEY ON MORAGAHAKANDA DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FINAL REPORT VOLUME II APPENDIX (1/2) JULY 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. PREPARATORY SURVEY ON MORAGAHAKANDA DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FINAL REPORT LIST OF VOLUMES VOLUME I MAIN REPORT VOLUME II APPENDIX (1/2) APPENDIX A GEOLOGY APPENDIX B WATER BALANCE Not to be disclosed until the APPENDIX C REVIEW OF DESIGN OF contract agreements for all the FACILITIES OF THE PROJECT works and services are concluded. APPENDIX D COST ESTIMATE APPENDIX E ECONOMIC EVALUATION VOLUME III APPENDIX (2/2) APPENDIX F ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION APPENDIX A GEOLOGY APPENDIX A GEOLOGY REPORT 1. Introduction Geological Investigations for Moragahakanda dam were commenced by USOM in 1959, and core drilling surveys were subsequently done by UNDP/FAO and Irrigation Department of Sri Lanka in 1967/1968 and 1977/1978 respectively. A full-scale geological investigation including core drilling, seismic prospecting, work adit, in-situ rock shear test, construction material survey and test grouting was carried out for the feasibility study by JICA in 1979 (hereinafter referred to FS (1979)). Almost twenty years had past after FS (1979), additional feasibility study including 34 drill holes was carried out by Lahmeyer International Associates in 2000/2001 (hereinafter referred to FS (2001)). Subsequently, supplemental geological investigations including core drilling, electric resistivity survey and laboratory tests for rock materials were done by MASL in 2007. FS (2001) concentrated almost on leakage risk of ‘calcareous gneiss’ at dam site and its reservoir which might cause serious problem for the project, and mentioned excavation depth of the dam site and foundation treatment, however, no mention of dam foundation rock or construction materials, and few necessary drawings to for detailed design were prepared. Therefore, it should be noted that a comprehensive geological study to close examine the results of the previous geological investigations is necessary in the early stage of the detailed design. The scopes of the geological study in this SPROF are to, especially considering geological issues which might cause serious problems to the project, 1) review FS (2001) report, 2) summarize the related geological data of the project, and 3) propose necessary geological investigations based on the results of this study. For the above purpose, the site reconnaissance of the project area was carried out from January 15th -24th , 2010. During this site reconnaissance, calcareous gneiss outcrops on the cut slope of the diversion road and DN-series drill cores (37 holes in total) were observed and analyzed. The geological condition and springs between the right bank of the dam site and the narrow ridge about 2 km upstream of the dam site was also surveyed to assess water tightness of the dam reservoir. This report was prepared based on the results of the site reconnaissance and the report reviewing mentioned above. A-1 2. Previous Geological Investigation 2.1 Data Availability Available previous geological investigation reports are listed as below. - Feasibility Report on The Moragahakanda Agricultural Development Project prepared by JICA in 1979 - Final report on Feasibility study of Moragahakanda Development Project prepared by Lahmeyer International associates in 2001 - Some Geological Aspects in the Area around Moragahakanda Dam site by H.A. Dharmagunawardhane, Department of Geology, University of Peradeniya, Oct, 2000 - Geological Mapping around Elahara-Moragahakanda Area by A. Pitawala and H.A. Dharmagunawardhane, Department of Geology, University of Peradeniya, Nov, 2000 - Some hydrogeological observations in Proposed Moragahakanada Reservoir Area by H.A. Dharmagunawardhane, Department of Geology, University of Peradeniya, Dec, 2000 - Feasibility Study of Moragahakanda Development Project, Geotechnical Investigations, Section 3 Photographs of Core Samples DN-01-DN-15, Section 5 Photographs of Core Samples DN 13, DN15 to DN34 by Central Engineering Consultancy Bureau (CECB), 2000 - Geotechnical Investigations of Moragahakanda Reservoir-Saddle Dam 01 Reservoir Area & Quarry Site, volume-I Borehole Logs, Photographs of Core Samples & Laboratory Test Results, volume-II Daily Drilling Records & Water Pressure Test Results, and volume-III Resistivity Imaging Survey prepared by CECB in 2007 2.2 Quantities of Previous Geological Investigation Geological investigations of Moragahakanda dam site have been carried out in the several phase as mentioned above. Quantities of previous geological investigations are summarized in Table 2.1. Core boxes of DN-series were stored in MASL site office. However, ones of DH, DM, DW, and GH-series were not available. A-2 Table 2.1 Previous Geological Investigations Carried out Period Geological Investigations by 1959-1961 USOM - Core Drillings: 24 holes (DH-1 to DH-24) more than 1500 m in total - Core Drillings: 16 holes (DH-108 to 9 test pits 1967-1968 UNDP/FAO/ID DH-128) Geophysical survey (details unknown) Irrigation - Core Drillings: 29 holes, 902.1 m in total, (DM-1 to DM-28) 1977-1978 Department - Core Drillings: 14 holes, 713.15 m in total, (DM-29 to DM-41, DW-1 to DW-2) - Grouting tests: 6 holes, 175.50 m in total, (GH-1 to GH-6) - Seismic Prospecting: 12 lines, 5305 m in total 1979 JICA - Adit survey: 8 adits, 133.4 m in total - In-situ test (Block shear tests) - Laboratory tests - Construction material survey Lahmeyer - Core drillings: 34 holes, 1390 m in total, (DN-1 to DN-34) 2000-2001 International - Test pitting: 1 pit and Associates - Groundwater monitoring of drill holes - Core Drillings: 8 holes (DN-36, DN-37, DN-38 and DN-40, MQ-01 to MQ-04), 2007 MASL 343.12 m in total - Electric resistivity sounding at SD-1: 6 lines (EP 50 –EP-55), 2120 m in total Source of data: FS2001 report 3. General Geology The general geology of the project has been described in the previous feasibility report by JICA (1979) and it is cited here: “Geologically, the island of Ceylon is a part of the very old and stable continental mass of the South Indian Shield, consisting of highly crystalline metamorphic rocks [See ANNEX 1.1]. The most part of the island is composed of the pre-Cambrian Highland Series and Cambrian Vijayan Series; the former exposed in a belt with 50 to 100 km of width stretching in the direction of north-northeast to south-southwest through the middle part of the island and the latter forming about 50 km wide belts on both sides of it. Miocene sedimentary rocks are located in the northwestern coastal region. Besides these there is a very local patch of Mesozoic rocks in the northwestern part. Quaternary deposits are composed of unconsolidated material of various grain sizes, from clay to gravels, of which some are flood and terrace deposits formed along rivers, some are residual soil scree or talus on hill slopes and others are marine and lacustrine. Geological history of Sri Lanka starts in the pre-Cambrian era with thick sedimentation in a geosyncline, which underwent regional metamorphism to produce metamorphic rocks of the Highland Series. In Cambrian period, another metamorphism exerting a part of the above metamorphic rocks resulted in poly metamorphosed Vijayan Series. From the late Palaeozoic to the late Mesozoic, it was a part of Gondwana Land which covered the southern hemisphere A-3 extensively. During this period, the tectonic activity in Sri Lanka was predominantly upheaval and erosion, but for a very partial sedimentation occurred in Jurassic. The subsequent periods after disappearance of the Gondwana Land up to the recent age have still kept on seeing upheaval and erosion in the most parts of the island, except in the northwestern part where marine transgression occurred in Miocene. The outstanding development of the peneplains was also due to these activities. Foldings are observed in these metamorphic rock beds of the Highland Series and the Vijayan Series. Trend of the folding axes shows north-south in general and northwestsoutheast in the southwestern part of the area of the Highland Series. In the area of the Vijayan Series, those axes are more varying in direction and less continuous. Faults show main trends of northeast-southwest and northwest-southeast. The irrigation area of the Project develops in an extensive lower peneplain on the west bank of the lower Mahaweli Ganga and the Amban Ganga in the downstream reaches from the proposed dam site, about 4 km southwest from Elahera. From geological viewpoint the project area is situated for the most part in the zone of the pre-Cambrian Highland Series and partially in the transition zone from the Cambrian Vijayan Series expos ed on the eastern side of the Mahaweli main stream, all of which are composed of highly crystalline metamorphic rocks. The Highland Series comprises three groups of rocks, that is, Khondalite group, charnockite and Kadugannawa gneisses, which occur in alternating thin strata and not in regionally separate formations. Rocks of the Highland Series are characterized by such contained minerals as garnet, sillimanite, graphite, cordierite and hypersthene, which are very rare of lacked in the polymetamorphic Vijayan Series. Quaternary unconsolidated deposits covering these rocks are within a few meters in thickness generally in the project area. A-4 4. Geology of Moragahakanda Dam Sites 4.1 Topography The general land level of the project area ranges from about 130 m to 150 m above sea level. The topography of the region is characterized by the low relief upland (ridge) and valley landscape, expect for isolated monad nockes or erosional remnants, which stand 30 to 100 meters or more above the general land level.
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