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Wine-Grower-News #127 May 21, 2010

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Wine-Grower-News #127 May 21, 2010 Wine-Grower-News #127 May 21, 2010 Midwest Grape & Wine Industry Institute: http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Wine Information in this issue includes: About Time to Treat Grape Phylloxera – if needed? IPM & Scouting go Hand in Hand Timely Preventative Sprays Critical over next 5 weeks for Disease Control New Weed ID Book (1,423 color photos) - $39 5-22, Vines, Steins & Stills Festival in Des Moines DMACC Summer Viticulture Courses: Enhance your grape production skills Show n Tell Comments from Readers (check out the lightning strike pics) Notable Quotables Articles of Interest Neeto-Keeno WWW Stuff Calendar of Events A good sign is worth 1,000 words! About Time to Treat Grape Phylloxera – if needed? Grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch), is a tiny insect that forms galls on leaf undersides and roots of grapevines. The root galls are deadly to Vitis vinifera grapes and require that vinifera grape plants be grafted onto American rootstocks to survive. Recent research has shown that phylloxera can feed on American (Vitus labrusca) roots and reduce vigor. This is the same pest that was inadvertently introduced to France from North America in 1860. By the end of the nineteenth century it had destroyed nearly two-thirds of the vineyards on the European continent - all self-rooted Vitis vinifera (Above)Foliar Phylloxera galls on grape leaf The foliar form of phylloxera is most prevalent on the leaves of French-American hybrid grapevines. and wild Vitis riparia grapes. Most American and French-American hybrids can withstand the foliar galls produced by foliar phylloxera. Most experts do not consider the foliar form of phylloxera causing economic damage. Though, some hybrids, like Frontenac and Frontenac Gris being the worst along with Chancellor, Chardonel, LaCrosse, Marechal Foch, St. Vincent, Seyval, Vignoles and a few others seem to get hit unusually hard at times. The worst infestations often seem to occur on the 1 vineyard edges, shady areas or on poor producing soils. There are no well defined treatment thresholds for the foliar form of phylloxera. Dr. Donn Johnson at the University of Arkansas In his recent publication, Biology and Management of Grape Phylloxera suggests treating with an insecticide when you begin to see second generation crawlers emerge from the mother stem galls on the leaves or you start to see rash-like galls forming on the new expanding leaves. Another option to spraying insecticides would be to spray the kaolin clay product “Surround” on the entire plant and leaves and keep the plant covered for a period of approximately 3 weeks. The second generation crawlers would start to show up around the end of May to early June in Iowa. (Right) Mother gall with eggs and 2 crawlers. From Biology and Mangement of Grape Phylloxera. Low vigor grapes will often exhibit the worst symptoms primarily due to less foliage being produced on the vine. Raised galls on the leaf undersides and tightly curled up leaves are the typical symptoms. Wild grapes growing near field edges are normally heavily infested and provide a source of infestation. You can often find the worst infestations radiating out from where wild grape vines are growing near the vineyard Heavy infestations by foliar phylloxera can cause leaf distortion, necrosis, and premature defoliation. Premature defoliation may delay ripening, reduce crop quality and predispose vines to winter injury. (Left) Phylloxera damage on Frontenac There are currently four insecticides labeled for the foliar form of phylloxera in the Midwest that I am aware of. The labels are not very specific as when to apply and if a second application would be needed. I would suggest applying one application at bloom and another one 10-14 days later if more galls are detected on the new growth. ALWAYS READ & FOLLOW LABEL DIRECTIONS. Restricted Approx. Product Use Rate/Ac $/Ac PHI REI Comments________ Admire Pro No 7-14 oz. $46 - $92 30 day 12 hr. Very toxic to bees, mow flowering weeds prior to spraying. Use as a soil drench. See label. Assail 30SG No 2.5 oz. $15 7 day 12 hr. 14 day minimum respray interval. 2 Danitol 2.4 EC Yes 10.7- 21.3 oz. $15-$30 21 day 24 hr. Apply when galls first appear and repeat application if needed. Endosulfan AKA = Thionex, Phaser, Thiodan, is no longer labeled for grapes. Movento 2EC No 6 – 8 oz. $44-$60 7 day 24 hr. Apply one application when the Population begins to develop (ie…bloom). Non-ionic surfactant recommended. 30 day minimum respray interval. _________________________________________________________________________________ Note that the pyrethroid insecticides Baythroid XL (3 day PHI), Brigade (30 day PHI), and Mustang Max EC (1 day PHI) are all labeled for grapes but not specifically labeled for foliar phylloxera. Danitol is a pyrethroid. The cost of these 3 additional pyrethroids would range from $9 to $13/acre. Comments I have heard from different vineyards in the Midwest indicate that these other pyrethroid insecticides are also effective in controlling foliar phylloxera. All of these pyrethroid insecticides are Restricted Use Pesticides. They would probably be worth trying if you already have them on hand. a. Biology & Mgt. of Grape Phylloxera, Univ. of Arkansas (NEW & EXCELLENT) http://www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/PDF/FSA-7074.pdf b. Grape Phylloxera, Ohio State Univ.: http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/2000/2600.html c. Grape Phylloxera IPM, Ohio State Univ.: http://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/grapeipm/grape_phylloxera.htm d. Grape Phylloxera, Univ. of Kentucky: http://www.ca.uky.edu/entomology/entfacts/entfactpdf/ef222.pdf e. Grape Phylloxera, OK State Univ.: http://www.ento.okstate.edu/ddd/insects/grapephylloxera.htm f. View pesticide labels here: http://www.cdms.net/LabelsMsds/LMDefault.aspx IPM & Scouting go Hand in Hand "IPM (Integrated Pest Management) is a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks." It is very difficult to practice IPM without walking around your vineyard on a regular basis and being able to identify what pests are present, Here are some good vineyard animal, bug, disease and weed pest identification resources you can use to get this done. 1. Internet Center for Wildlife Damage Management: http://icwdm.org/ 2. Internet Database of IPM Resources: http://ipmnet.org/cicp/fruit/grape.html 3. Pest Management Strategic Plan for the North Central Region Grape Industry (Excellent pictorial resource.): http://www.ipmcenters.org/pmsp/pdf/NorthCentralGrapePMSP.pdf 4. NY State IPM Fact Sheets for Grapes, Cornell: http://nysipm.cornell.edu/factsheets/grapes/default.asp 5. Identification Guide for the Major Diseases of Grapes, Ag Department, Canada: http://www4.agr.gc.ca/AAFC-AAC/display-afficher.do?id=1210281691267&lang=eng#gall 6. Common Diseases of Grapevines in Michigan, MSU: http://www.canr.msu.edu/vanburen/e-1732.htm 7. Internet Bug Guide: http://bugguide.net/node/view/15740 3 8. Insect Identification.org: http://www.insectidentification.org/ 9. ISU Entomology: http://www.ent.iastate.edu/extension 10. ISU Weed Science Online (long list of Weed ID Guides): http://www.weeds.iastate.edu/reference/ 11. USDA National Plants Database: http://plants.usda.gov/ 12. Weed Science Society of America, Weed ID index of resources: http://www.wssa.net/Weeds/ID/index.htm 13. University of MO Weed ID Guide: http://weedid.missouri.edu/ The Midwest Grape & Wine Industry Institute has posted an example Vineyard Scouting Form you can use here: http://www.extension.iastate.edu/NR/rdonlyres/BBF8E01E-A0F3-4949-80D7- 3D8F343BE2DA/125141/VineyardScouting516082.pdf Timely Preventative Sprays Critical over next 5 weeks for Disease Control The period from immediate pre-bloom to 3-4 weeks after bloom is the most critical period to control fruit diseases like black rot, downy mildew, powdery mildew and phomopsis. Fungicide protection during this period is critical. Around 4 weeks after bloom the fruit will become resistant to infection. Although the fruit becomes resistant, the cluster stems (rachis) and leaves remain susceptible. Therefore, fungicide protection against powdery and downy mildew may be required though most of the growing season. Under wet conditions botrytis will infect withering flower parts between late bloom and bunch closing. Such latent infections then become a problem when the berries begin to ripen. Summary: The National Weather Service Climatic Prediction Center is forecasting Above normal temperatures and normal to slightly above normal precipitation for the last two weeks of May in Iowa and the Upper Midwest. The opportunity of disease infection will be high during this period. A timely preventative fungicide spray program from mid-May to late June will be critical for quality grape production. More information on these diseases can be found here: Black Rot: http://www.nysipm.cornell.edu/factsheets/grapes/diseases/grape_br.pdf http://www.grapes.msu.edu/blackrot.htm http://pmo.umext.maine.edu/PDFfactshts/black_rot_grape.pdf Botrytis: http://www.grapes.msu.edu/botrytis.htm http://plant-disease.ippc.orst.edu/disease.cfm?RecordID=514.00000 http://fpath.cas.psu.edu/Fruit_facts/Grape/Botrytis.html Downy Mildew: http://web.aces.uiuc.edu/vista/pdf_pubs/705.pdf http://www.grapes.msu.edu/downymildew.htm http://www.apsnet.org/Education/lessonsPlantPath/GrapeDowny/default.htm Phomopsis: http://www.grapes.msu.edu/phomopsis.htm http://www.nysipm.cornell.edu/factsheets/grapes/diseases/phomopsis.pdf http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/php/research/phomopsis/ Powdery Mildew: http://www.nysipm.cornell.edu/factsheets/grapes/diseases/grape_pm.pdf http://www.ca.uky.edu/agcollege/plantpathology/ext_files/PPFShtml/PPFS-FR-S-12.pdf http://plant-disease.ippc.orst.edu/disease.cfm?RecordID=525 Grape Pesticide Resources: 1. 2010 Midwest Small Fruit Spray Guide: http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/PM1375.pdf 4 2. Midwest Small Fruit Pest Mgt.
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