Wine-Grower-News #127 May 21, 2010

Midwest Grape & Wine Industry Institute: http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Wine

Information in this issue includes:

About Time to Treat Grape Phylloxera – if needed? IPM & Scouting go Hand in Hand Timely Preventative Sprays Critical over next 5 weeks for Disease Control New Weed ID Book (1,423 color photos) - $39 5-22, Vines, Steins & Stills Festival in Des Moines DMACC Summer Viticulture Courses: Enhance your grape production skills Show n Tell Comments from Readers (check out the lightning strike pics) Notable Quotables Articles of Interest Neeto-Keeno WWW Stuff Calendar of Events A good sign is worth 1,000 words!

About Time to Treat Grape Phylloxera – if needed?

Grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch), is a tiny insect that forms galls on leaf undersides and roots of grapevines. The root galls are deadly to Vitis vinifera grapes and require that vinifera grape plants be grafted onto American rootstocks to survive. Recent research has shown that phylloxera can feed on American (Vitus labrusca) roots and reduce vigor. This is the same pest that was inadvertently introduced to France from North America in 1860. By the end of the nineteenth century it had destroyed nearly two-thirds of the vineyards on the European continent - all self-rooted Vitis vinifera (Above)Foliar Phylloxera galls on grape leaf

The foliar form of phylloxera is most prevalent on the leaves of French-American hybrid grapevines. and wild Vitis riparia grapes. Most American and French-American hybrids can withstand the foliar galls produced by foliar phylloxera. Most experts do not consider the foliar form of phylloxera causing economic damage. Though, some hybrids, like Frontenac and Frontenac Gris being the worst along with Chancellor, Chardonel, LaCrosse, Marechal Foch, St. Vincent, Seyval, Vignoles and a few others seem to get hit unusually hard at times. The worst infestations often seem to occur on the 1 vineyard edges, shady areas or on poor producing soils. There are no well defined treatment thresholds for the foliar form of phylloxera.

Dr. Donn Johnson at the University of Arkansas In his recent publication, Biology and Management of Grape Phylloxera suggests treating with an insecticide when you begin to see second generation crawlers emerge from the mother stem galls on the leaves or you start to see rash-like galls forming on the new expanding leaves. Another option to spraying insecticides would be to spray the kaolin clay product “Surround” on the entire plant and leaves and keep the plant covered for a period of approximately 3 weeks. The second generation crawlers would start to show up around the end of May to early June in Iowa.

(Right) Mother gall with eggs and 2 crawlers. From Biology and Mangement of Grape Phylloxera.

Low vigor grapes will often exhibit the worst symptoms primarily due to less foliage being produced on the vine. Raised galls on the leaf undersides and tightly curled up leaves are the typical symptoms. Wild grapes growing near field edges are normally heavily infested and provide a source of infestation. You can often find the worst infestations radiating out from where wild grape vines are growing near the vineyard Heavy infestations by foliar phylloxera can cause leaf distortion, necrosis, and premature defoliation. Premature defoliation may delay ripening, reduce crop quality and predispose vines to winter injury.

(Left) Phylloxera damage on Frontenac

There are currently four insecticides labeled for the foliar form of phylloxera in the Midwest that I am aware of. The labels are not very specific as when to apply and if a second application would be needed. I would suggest applying one application at bloom and another one 10-14 days later if more galls are detected on the new growth. ALWAYS READ & FOLLOW LABEL DIRECTIONS.

Restricted Approx. Product Use Rate/Ac $/Ac PHI REI Comments______

Admire Pro No 7-14 oz. $46 - $92 30 day 12 hr. Very toxic to bees, mow flowering weeds prior to spraying. Use as a soil drench. See label.

Assail 30SG No 2.5 oz. $15 7 day 12 hr. 14 day minimum respray interval. . 2 Danitol 2.4 EC Yes 10.7- 21.3 oz. $15-$30 21 day 24 hr. Apply when galls first appear and repeat application if needed.

Endosulfan AKA = Thionex, Phaser, Thiodan, is no longer labeled for grapes.

Movento 2EC No 6 – 8 oz. $44-$60 7 day 24 hr. Apply one application when the Population begins to develop (ie…bloom). Non-ionic surfactant recommended. 30 day minimum respray interval. ______Note that the pyrethroid insecticides Baythroid XL (3 day PHI), Brigade (30 day PHI), and Mustang Max EC (1 day PHI) are all labeled for grapes but not specifically labeled for foliar phylloxera. Danitol is a pyrethroid. The cost of these 3 additional pyrethroids would range from $9 to $13/acre. Comments I have heard from different vineyards in the Midwest indicate that these other pyrethroid insecticides are also effective in controlling foliar phylloxera. All of these pyrethroid insecticides are Restricted Use Pesticides. They would probably be worth trying if you already have them on hand. a. Biology & Mgt. of Grape Phylloxera, Univ. of Arkansas (NEW & EXCELLENT) http://www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/PDF/FSA-7074.pdf b. Grape Phylloxera, Ohio State Univ.: http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/2000/2600.html c. Grape Phylloxera IPM, Ohio State Univ.: http://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/grapeipm/grape_phylloxera.htm d. Grape Phylloxera, Univ. of Kentucky: http://www.ca.uky.edu/entomology/entfacts/entfactpdf/ef222.pdf e. Grape Phylloxera, OK State Univ.: http://www.ento.okstate.edu/ddd/insects/grapephylloxera.htm f. View pesticide labels here: http://www.cdms.net/LabelsMsds/LMDefault.aspx

IPM & Scouting go Hand in Hand

"IPM (Integrated Pest Management) is a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks." It is very difficult to practice IPM without walking around your vineyard on a regular basis and being able to identify what pests are present, Here are some good vineyard animal, bug, disease and weed pest identification resources you can use to get this done.

1. Internet Center for Wildlife Damage Management: http://icwdm.org/ 2. Internet Database of IPM Resources: http://ipmnet.org/cicp/fruit/grape.html 3. Pest Management Strategic Plan for the North Central Region Grape Industry (Excellent pictorial resource.): http://www.ipmcenters.org/pmsp/pdf/NorthCentralGrapePMSP.pdf 4. NY State IPM Fact Sheets for Grapes, Cornell: http://nysipm.cornell.edu/factsheets/grapes/default.asp 5. Identification Guide for the Major Diseases of Grapes, Ag Department, Canada: http://www4.agr.gc.ca/AAFC-AAC/display-afficher.do?id=1210281691267&lang=eng#gall 6. Common Diseases of Grapevines in Michigan, MSU: http://www.canr.msu.edu/vanburen/e-1732.htm 7. Internet Bug Guide: http://bugguide.net/node/view/15740

3 8. Insect Identification.org: http://www.insectidentification.org/ 9. ISU Entomology: http://www.ent.iastate.edu/extension 10. ISU Weed Science Online (long list of Weed ID Guides): http://www.weeds.iastate.edu/reference/ 11. USDA National Plants Database: http://plants.usda.gov/ 12. Weed Science Society of America, Weed ID index of resources: http://www.wssa.net/Weeds/ID/index.htm 13. University of MO Weed ID Guide: http://weedid.missouri.edu/

The Midwest Grape & Wine Industry Institute has posted an example Vineyard Scouting Form you can use here: http://www.extension.iastate.edu/NR/rdonlyres/BBF8E01E-A0F3-4949-80D7- 3D8F343BE2DA/125141/VineyardScouting516082.pdf

Timely Preventative Sprays Critical over next 5 weeks for Disease Control

The period from immediate pre-bloom to 3-4 weeks after bloom is the most critical period to control fruit diseases like black rot, downy mildew, powdery mildew and phomopsis. Fungicide protection during this period is critical. Around 4 weeks after bloom the fruit will become resistant to infection. Although the fruit becomes resistant, the cluster stems (rachis) and leaves remain susceptible. Therefore, fungicide protection against powdery and downy mildew may be required though most of the growing season. Under wet conditions botrytis will infect withering flower parts between late bloom and bunch closing. Such latent infections then become a problem when the berries begin to ripen.

Summary: The National Weather Service Climatic Prediction Center is forecasting Above normal temperatures and normal to slightly above normal precipitation for the last two weeks of May in Iowa and the Upper Midwest. The opportunity of disease infection will be high during this period. A timely preventative fungicide spray program from mid-May to late June will be critical for quality grape production. More information on these diseases can be found here:

Black Rot: http://www.nysipm.cornell.edu/factsheets/grapes/diseases/grape_br.pdf http://www.grapes.msu.edu/blackrot.htm http://pmo.umext.maine.edu/PDFfactshts/black_rot_grape.pdf Botrytis: http://www.grapes.msu.edu/botrytis.htm http://plant-disease.ippc.orst.edu/disease.cfm?RecordID=514.00000 http://fpath.cas.psu.edu/Fruit_facts/Grape/Botrytis.html Downy Mildew: http://web.aces.uiuc.edu/vista/pdf_pubs/705.pdf http://www.grapes.msu.edu/downymildew.htm http://www.apsnet.org/Education/lessonsPlantPath/GrapeDowny/default.htm Phomopsis: http://www.grapes.msu.edu/phomopsis.htm http://www.nysipm.cornell.edu/factsheets/grapes/diseases/phomopsis.pdf http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/php/research/phomopsis/ Powdery Mildew: http://www.nysipm.cornell.edu/factsheets/grapes/diseases/grape_pm.pdf http://www.ca.uky.edu/agcollege/plantpathology/ext_files/PPFShtml/PPFS-FR-S-12.pdf http://plant-disease.ippc.orst.edu/disease.cfm?RecordID=525

Grape Pesticide Resources:

1. 2010 Midwest Small Fruit Spray Guide: http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/PM1375.pdf 4 2. Midwest Small Fruit Pest Mgt. Handbook: http://ohioline.osu.edu/b861/index.html 3. North Central IPM Guide: http://www.ipmcenters.org/pmsp/pdf/NorthCentralGrapePMSP.pdf 4. NY & PA IPM Grape Pest Mgt: http://ipmguidelines.org/grapes/ 5. Pest Control in Small Vineyards, Michigan State University: http://www.emdc.msue.msu.edu/Bulletin/PDF/E2698.pdf 6. 2010 Pest Management Guide for Grapes in Washington – EB0762: http://cru.cahe.wsu.edu/CEPublications/eb0762/eb0762.pdf 7. 2009 Grape Spray Guide, Virginia Tech Univ.: http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/456/456-017/Section-3_Grapes-1.pdf 8. Fungicide Resistance Action Committee: http://www.frac.info/frac/index.htm 9. Pesticide Labels and MSDS sheets: http://www.cdms.net/LabelsMsds/LMDefault.aspx?t= 10. Compendium of Herbicide Adjuvants, Southern IL Univ:http://www.herbicide-adjuvants.com/ 11. WPS Pesticide Sign: http://www.cdc.gov/nasd/docs/d001101-d001200/d001117/d001117.html 12. TracGrape Pesticide Records Software from Cornell Univ. “Free” http://www.nysipm.cornell.edu/trac/index.html 13. VineSmith Pest Mgt. Tool Kit: http://www.vinesmith.com/toolkit.html

New Weed ID Book (1,423 color photos) - $39

Weeds of the Midwestern United States & Central Canada is a new weed identification book that is due to be published on July 1, 2010. This 440 page book contains 1,423 color photographs of 350+ of the most troublesome weedy and invasive plants found in the Midwest and central Canada. It is edited by Charles T. Bryson and Michael S. DeFelice with the principle photographs by Arlyn W. Evans and Michael S. DeFelice.

The book costs $39 and will be published by the University of Georgia Press. You can order it by calling 800-266-5842 or by visiting their WWW site here: http://www.ncwss.org/news/2010/Weeds_flyer.pdf

PS: According to my e-mail correspondence with the University of Georgia Press, the books are supposed to hit their warehouse mid-June and they are going to try to get back orders out before July 1, 2010.

Where: Sleepy Hollow Sports Park, 4051 Dean Avenue - Des Moines, IA 50317 Ph:515- 262-4100 When: noon to 8 p.m. Saturday, May 22, 2010 What: 15 wineries, 7 breweries and 1 distiller along with 3 bands performing live. Cost: $20 each at the door, $18 if tickets are purchased Online. Sponsors: Iowa Wine Growers Association & WHODT 13 Des Moines Details: http://www.vssfest.com 5 DMACC Summer Viticulture Courses: Enhance your grape production skills

The market for wine grapes is getting more competitive. The web blended viticulture courses offered in the summer provide flexible online training with face to face guidance. These courses are designed for those who have an existing vineyard or a good background in grape production concepts and wish to further their knowledge and enhance their skills.

One of the most underappreciated skills in the vineyard is pest management and in VIN103 Intro to Vineyard Pest Management we address this. Among other things, in this course we identify vineyard pests, clarify what each pesticide does and how they work, how to calculate rates and sprayer calibration, and how to develop your own pest management program for your grape varieties. Using 'one size fits all' predetermined spray programs can be very risky, being able to determine the pests in your vineyard and having the knowledge to develop your own pest management program are key to success and profitability.

We are excited to offer our newest course, VIN104 Viticulture for Wine Production, this summer. This course specifically looks into correlating the practices in the vineyard that enhance wine grape quality. Do high yields equal low quality? Do low yields equal high quality? What is terroir? How do I know if I need to leaf pull? What practices impact vegetal flavors in grapes? How do grapes ripen? What is 'ripe'? These questions and more will be specifically addressed in this course. Both grape growers and wine makers will find this course valuable to improving the quality and profitability of their operation and help to work with each other to produce a high quality product.

For more information contact Randall Vos at 515-965-7310 or [email protected]

Classes start Tuesday May 25, with June 1 being the last day to register. https://webmail.dmacc.edu/exchweb/bin/redir.asp?URL=https://go.dmacc.edu/programs/viticulture/P ages/veschedule.aspx

Show n Tell (Note: Pictures are always welcome from readers.)

(Left) Steve Larson, Train Wreck Vineyard located south of Livermore shared this 5-17-10 picture of their Brianna that was frosted on Mother’s Day (5-9-10)

Note that new shoot with 2 new leaves is showing slight 2,4-D (phenoxy type herbicide) injury symptoms with drawn out pointed leaf tips.

6 On Saturday, May 15, the Midwest Grape and Wine Industry conducted a wine faults workshop hosted by the Mississippi Valley Grape Growers Association (MVGGA) at Northern Iowa Community College in downtown Dubuque, IA. Dr. Murli Dharmadhikari presented a lecture followed by a question and answer session. The participants evaluated 12 different samples of aromas that indicate common wine faults. They also evaluated some experimental wines containing a combination of faults. You can see by the look on Ian’s face that some of the aromas really stunk!

(Above-Left) from left to right: Ian Bonnette (Sunset Ridge Winery), Patricia Strait, V. Ellsworth Lewis, Jim Sorensen (Iowa Grape Vines Winery, Juciery & Nursery), Kevin Miller, and Tom Capper. (Above-Right) Pat, Ian, Ellsworth, and Jim.

(Left) Wild grape (Vitis riparia) flowering in Indianola, IA 5-15-10. Vitis riparia is dioecious, meaning its male and female reproductive organs are carried on separate individual plants of the same species. When a plant species is dioecious, at least one male plant must be present in a group for the fruit- bearing female plants to be pollinated.

I often have people tell me of the years they have been pruning that wild grape in the back yard, but no fruit ever shows up. Now we know why!

All of the other winegrapes we are planting in Iowa are hermaphroditic (both male & female parts within their flower). St. Pepin is somewhat of an exception, though still being a hermaphrodite, it is pistillate only, meaning it only has the female flower parts working. St. Pepin needs to be pollinated by other grapes.

(Left) Delaware’s Wine & Ale Trail, umm? Sounds like a good idea. http://visitdelaware.com/wineandale/index.php

7

(Left) Check out Iowa’s newest winery that opened on 5-17-10 in Traer, IA: http://www.foxridgewine.com/

Comments from Readers

“ Hi Mike,

Thanks for the information in regards to the bottling line. We have just ordered our line. Our bottling line we will pulled in a 24 ft. gooseneck trailer and have the capability to sparge, fill, cork or screw cap. With our labeler we will be able to do tin or pvc caps, as well as being able to label on front and back.

If all goes as planned we will have the bottling line up and running this fall and be able to service the state of Iowa.

If you know anyone in your area that you feel could benefit from this please pass on my information and I could discuss the details with them.” 5-18-10

--- Todd Roessler, Elmaro Vineyard, 608-385-8043 http://www.elmarovineyard.com

“Mike,

I thought you might be interested in the power of a lightning strike and its selective nature. I included some pictures for your review.

This happened early April 2010. Only one row was hit and it appeared to be at one end of the 500’ row. There were several posts that were destroyed and over 80% of all posts had some damage. This included the post at the opposite end of the row. Post damage included complete destruction, pieces of post blown off and post splitting. However, all vines survived with no apparent damage and are producing clusters. And..the wire also survived.

I wonder how often this actually occurs in vineyards? I believe I will be grounding the wires.”

--- Art Calderwood, The Ridge Vineyard, Traer, IA (See pictures):

8

Art, I have one or two people tell me about vineyard lightning strikes every year. Yes, it would be wise to use ground rods to ground your trellis system. The How To Build Orchard and Vineyard Trellises book by U.S. Steel recommends a grounding rod every 150’ of trellis in dry soil and 300’ of trellis in moist soils. It recommends a 6’ long ½” to 5/8” galvanized steel rod or ¾” galvanized new steel pipe. Other options would include the use of steel trellis posts and/or the use of metal screw anchors. mike

Notable Quotables

“U.S. off-premise table wine ended a healthy month of growth in April, increasing overall at 6.8% in dollars compared to the same four-week period last year. Sales were up for all price-points of domestic table wines except bargain basement wines under $3 per bottle, as the wine industry continued its slow recovery from the recession.”

--- From: Domestic Wine Sales up 6.8% in April, 5-17-10 – Wine Industry News:

Videos of Interest

1. Wine for the Confused, 43:08 min. Documentary (Wine is confusing...overwhelming even. So where do you start if you want to learn more about it? Join comedy legend John Cleese on a witty and personal look at the world of winemaking.) Watch it Free at Hulu.com: http://www.hulu.com/watch/79439/wine-for-the-confused?c=News-and-Information/Documentary- and-Biography

2. Silicon Valley High Tech Vineyard, 2:51 – G4TV.com: http://g4tv.com/videos/5395/High-Tech-Vineyards/

9 Articles of Interest

1. 4-10-10 Weeding out Midwest Vineyards, University of Missouri starting to do herbicide research in vineyards: http://cafnr.missouri.edu/news/stories2010/weeding-out-midwestern- vineyards.php?utm_source=web&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=homepage

2. Wine Institute-WineAmerica Opposition Letter to HR 5034-Wholesaler Monopoly Protection Bill: http://www.winebusiness.com/content/file/Wine%20Institute%20Opposition%20Letter%20to%20H_ R_%205034.pdf

3. Winemaking a heady business for Traer couple, 5-17-10 – Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier: http://wcfcourier.com/news/local/article_402a6f0e-61bc-11df-ae0e-001cc4c03286.html

4. Ohio wine and grape industry contributes millions to state's economy, 5-19-10 – Vindy.com (Ohio’s Economic Impact Study based on 2008 data shows that the Ohio Wine Industry is providing a $582.8 mm impact from the then 124 wineries (now 143),

$582.8 mm / 124 wineries = $4.7mm per winery of economic impact $582.8 mm / 0.5 mm gallons = $1,166 per gallon of economic impact $582.8 mm / 2.5 mm bottles = $233 per bottle of economic impact

Check it out here: http://www.vindy.com/news/2010/may/19/ohio-wine-and-grape-industry-contributes-millions-/

Neeto-Keeno WWW Stuff

1. Check out the pictorial essay of Coyote Moon Vineyards layout and planting in 2008, http://www.coyotemoonvineyards.com/plantingyear1/

2. Download 1,000’s of useful little programs called Widgets here from Yahoo. Example wine and grape widgets below:

World Wine Challenge : http://widgets.yahoo.com/widgets/world-wine-challenge Sutter Home Wine Thought for the Day: http://widgets.yahoo.com/widgets/sutter-home-wine-thought-of-the-day Natalie MacLean’s Drinks Food Matcher: http://widgets.yahoo.com/widgets/natalie-macleans-drinks-matcher-1 Grape Vine Game: http://widgets.yahoo.com/widgets/grape-vine

Calendar of Events:

May 22, 9 a.m. NWGGA Central Nebraska Field Day at Cedar HillsVineyard, http://agronomy.unl.edu/viticulture/

May 25 9:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Introductory Distillation Workshop, Cedar Ridge Vineyards, Swisher, IA. Contact: Pandora Lamar at: [email protected] or 515-294-3308

10 June 6-11 Hands –on Whiskey Distilling Workshop, Stillwater Distilling, Petaluma, CA http://www.distilling.com/workshop.html

June 8 Missouri Grape Growers Association Field Day & Annual Meeting, Hermannhof Winery, Hermann, MO, contact Sarah Schmidt for further info: [email protected]

June 8, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Effective Vineyard Spraying Workshop, Door/Kewaunee area of Wisconsin, Contact: Regina Hirsch at 608-265-3637 or [email protected]

June 10-11 ISU Enhance Your Plate Conference, Iowa State University Campus. http://www.fshn.hs.iastate.edu/plate/

June 12, 9 a.m. NWGGA Eastern Nebraska Field Day at Deer Springs Winery, http://agronomy.unl.edu/viticulture/

June 12, 9 a.m. NWGGA Western Nebraska Field Day at Ellen & Ellen & Bruce Brudick’s vineyard, 17 Ranch Winery, 304 Main St., Lewellen, NE, http://agronomy.unl.edu/viticulture/

June 14, 4 p.m. NWGGA Grafting & Tail Gate Field Day, Schillingbridge Winery and Microbrewery, Pawnee City, NE: http://agronomy.unl.edu/viticulture/

June 15, 7 p.m. Northwest Iowa Grape Growers Association Location to be announced.

June 20-25 American Society of Enology and Viticulture National Conference, Seattle, WA: http://asev.org/annual-meeting-2010/

July 13-15 American Society of Enology and Viticulture Eastern Section 2010 Conference, Geneva, NY: http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/fst/asev/2010-information.php

July 19, Multi-state Viticulture Field Day, ISU Armstrong Research Farm, Lewis, IA: Details later. Contact Paul Domoto at [email protected] or 515-961-0035

July 24, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Seventh Farm Vineyard Field Day, Richard Black Vineyard, 3228 Zenia Ave, Farnhamville, IA

July 29 ISU All Horticulture Field Day, ISU Horticulture Research Farm, Gilbert, IA http://www.hort.iastate.edu/news/docs/2ndAllHortFieldDay.pdf

August 1-5 10th International Grapevine Breeding and Genetics Conference, Geneva, NY http://www.grapebreeding2010.com

Post & View Classified Ads here: http://iowawinegrowers.org

Past issues archived as html and/or pdf here:

http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Wine/Resources/winegrowernews.htm

11 Total Circulation of 1,200+ recipients in AZ, CA, CO, FL, OH, IA, IN, IL, KS, KY, MI, MN, MO, MS, NC, ND, NE, NH, NV, NY, OR, PA, SD, VA, VT, WA, WA DC, WI, Australia, Canada & Norway

Michael L. White, ISU Extension Viticulture Specialist 909 East 2nd St. Suite E, Indianola, IA 50125-2892 ph: 515-961-6237, fax: 6017 or [email protected]

To Subscribe to this FREE e-mail newsletter, just include the word “subscribe” in the Subject Line. To Unsubscribe Please reply with the word "unsubscribe" in the Subject Line.

Facebook

A good sign is worth 1,000 words!

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Many materials can be made available in alternative formats for ADA clients. To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call 202-720-5964. 12