2021 Agriculture Guide
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Powdery Mildew of Grapes
report on RPD No. 773 PLANT December 2019 DEPARTMENT OF CROP SCIENCES DISEASE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN POWDERY MILDEW OF GRAPE Powdery mildew is caused by the fungus Uncinula necator. This fungus was reported in North America in 1834. Powdery mildew occurs in most grape growing areas of the world. If not managed effectively on susceptible cultivars, the disease can reduce vine growth, yield, quality, and winter hardiness. Cultivars of Vitis vinifera and its hybrids (French hybrids) are generally much more susceptible to powdery mildew than are native American cultivars such a Concord. Symptoms Uncinula necator can infect all green tissues of the grapevines. The fungus penetrate only epidermal cells, sending haustoria into them to absorb nutrients. Although haustoria are found only in epidermal cells, neighboring noninvaded cells may become necrotic. The presence of mycelia with conidiophores and conidia on the surface of the host tissue gives it a whitish gray, dusty or powdery appearance. Both surfaces of leaves of any age are susceptible to infection (Figure 1). _____________________________________________________________________________ For further information concerning diseases of small fruits, contact Dr. Mohammad Babadoost, Extension Specialist in Fruit and Vegetable Pathology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. University of Illinois Extension provides equal opportunities in programs and employment. - 2 - Young expanding leaves that are infected become distorted and stunted (Figure 2). Petioles and cluster stems are susceptible to infection throughout the growing season. Once infected, they become brittle and may break as the season progresses. When green shoots are infected, the affected tissues appear dark brown to black in feathery patches (Figure 3), which later appear reddish brown on the dormant canes. -
Cold Hardy Grapes
Northern NY Agricultural Development Program 2009 Project Report Project Title: Cold Hardy Hybrid Wine Grapes: Cropping, Vigor Management, Wines. Project Leader: Kevin Iungerman, CCE Northeast NY Commercial Fruit Program. Collaborators. Dr. Justine Vanden Heuvel, Dept. of Horticultural Sciences, Grape Program. Dr.Wayne Wilcox, Cornell Department of Plant Pathology. Dr. Tim Martinson, Cornell Statewide Viticulture Extension Program. Dr. Anna Katherine Mansfield and Chris Gerling, Department of Food Science, Enology. Mike Davis, farm manager, Cornell Baker Farm, Willsboro. Steven Lerch, Cornell Grape Program, Geneva. Extension Associations and Fruit Growers of CCE’s NENY Commercial Fruit Program. Lake Champlain Grape Growers Association and Willsboro and NENYF volunteers. Cooperating Producers: County Producer Farm/Vineyard City/Town State Albany Mike DiCrescenzo Altamont Vineyard Altamont NY Clinton Phil Favreau Stone House Vineyard Mooers NY Clinton Mary and Gilles Fortin Amazing Grace Vnyrd. Chazy NY Clinton Erwin Kalmar (New 2009. Unnamed) Champlain Que. Clinton Richard Lamoy Hid-in-Pines Vineyard Morrisonville NY Clinton Rob McDowell Purple Gate Vineyard Plattsburgh NY Clinton N. Peck, C. Read North Star Vineyard Mooers NY Clinton Dan Vesco Vesco Ridge Vnyrd. Essex W. & K. Reinhardt Blue Stone Vineyards Willsboro NY Essex Peter Rowley Edgewater Farm Willsboro NY Essex Todd Trzaskos Vermont Logic (Essex Land) VT Saratoga Mike Spiak Kayaderosseras Vnyrd. Greenfield Cen. NY Washington Gerry Barnhart Victoryview Vineyard Schatigcoke NY Washington Ken Denberg Natural Selection Farm Cambridge NY Washington S. Knapp, D. Wilson Slyboro Ciderhouse Granville NY Orange Ed Lincoln Maple Gate Farm Randolph VT Background: The 300-vine Willsboro Wine Grape Trial was planted in 2005 to comparatively evaluate 25-hybrid cold-hardy-wine-grape-cultivars. -
2008 Maréchal Foch Signature
2008 MARÉCHAL FOCH SIGNATURE Tasting Notes: We just love making this French-American hybrid grape into wine. Calling this a “Signature” vintage is our way of telling you that it is one of our very finest. This estate wine bursting with flavors of black current, plum & spice, ends with a complex lingering finish. It’s great with roasts in the winter and rich pasta dishes in the summer. Sue recommends pairing it with Sausage and Zucchini Lasagna from allrecipes.com. Winemaking: Maréchal Foch (MAHR-shahl FOHSH) or just Foch, is one of two hybrid grapes we have planted at the estate, Dunn Forest Vineyard. The fruit was gently de- stemmed by a Euro Select into 1.5-ton fermenters leaving a very high whole berry content. A three to four day cold soak proceeded inoculation done with a variety of yeasts designed to increase complexity and mouth-feel. Fermentations were punched down twice a day for ten days with temperatures peaking around 90°F. The wine was racked via gravity directly to barrel. The skins were shoveled into the press and allowed to drain before pressing creating both free run barrels and pressed wine barrels. After 9 months in American oak barrels the wines were racked to tank for blending and bottled in September 2009. Harvest Notes: 2008 started out a little scary with snow in April but ended with a beautiful Indian summer producing well-balanced wines. A cold dry spring seemed to have little effect on bloom, it occurred mid-June and we had beautiful fruit set. Timely August and September rains along with a warm October made for an excellent ripening season. -
Growing Grapes in Missouri
MS-29 June 2003 GrowingGrowing GrapesGrapes inin MissouriMissouri State Fruit Experiment Station Missouri State University-Mountain Grove Growing Grapes in Missouri Editors: Patrick Byers, et al. State Fruit Experiment Station Missouri State University Department of Fruit Science 9740 Red Spring Road Mountain Grove, Missouri 65711-2999 http://mtngrv.missouristate.edu/ The Authors John D. Avery Patrick L. Byers Susanne F. Howard Martin L. Kaps Laszlo G. Kovacs James F. Moore, Jr. Marilyn B. Odneal Wenping Qiu José L. Saenz Suzanne R. Teghtmeyer Howard G. Townsend Daniel E. Waldstein Manuscript Preparation and Layout Pamela A. Mayer The authors thank Sonny McMurtrey and Katie Gill, Missouri grape growers, for their critical reading of the manuscript. Cover photograph cv. Norton by Patrick Byers. The viticulture advisory program at the Missouri State University, Mid-America Viticulture and Enology Center offers a wide range of services to Missouri grape growers. For further informa- tion or to arrange a consultation, contact the Viticulture Advisor at the Mid-America Viticulture and Enology Center, 9740 Red Spring Road, Mountain Grove, Missouri 65711- 2999; telephone 417.547.7508; or email the Mid-America Viticulture and Enology Center at [email protected]. Information is also available at the website http://www.mvec-usa.org Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction.................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 2 Considerations in Planning a Vineyard ........................................................ -
Training Systems for Cold Climate Hybrid Grapes in Wisconsin
A4157 Training systems for cold climate hybrid grapes in Wisconsin A. Atucha and M. Wimmer Cold climate hybrid grape cultivars (e.g., ‘Marquette’, ‘Frontenac’, ‘La Crescent’, ‘Brianna’, etc.) differ from European grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivars in several respects and require separate consideration with regard to the most appropriate training system. This publication focuses on aspects to consider when choosing a training system for cold climate hybrid grapes. Introduction Choosing a training system The training of grapevines refers to the physical action of The choice of an adequate training system will be influenced by manipulating a vine into a particular size, shape, and orientation. the following factors. The main objectives of training grapevines are to: 1. Maximize the interception of light by leaves and clusters, Cultivar growth habit Cold climate hybrids have a broad range of growth habits from leading to higher yield, improved fruit quality, and better procumbent (or downwards) to upright, and the choice of training disease control; system should adapt to the growth characteristic of the cultivar. 2. Facilitate pruning, canopy management, harvesting, and Cold climate hybrid cultivars with procumbent growth adapt well mechanization of the vineyard; to training systems that have downward shoot orientation such 3. Arrange trunks, cordon, and canes to avoid shading between as high wire cordon (HWC) (figure 1) or Geneva double curtain vines; and (GDC) (figure 2). 4. Promote light exposure in the renewal zone (i.e., spurs or heads) to maintain vine productivity. FIGURE 1. High wire cordon (HWC) is a downward FIGURE 2. Geneva double curtain (GDC) trained with two spur-pruned training system. -
Kentucky Viticultural Regions and Suggested Cultivars S
HO-88 Kentucky Viticultural Regions and Suggested Cultivars S. Kaan Kurtural and Patsy E. Wilson, Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky; Imed E. Dami, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University rapes grown in Kentucky are sub- usually more harmful to grapevines than Even in established fruit growing areas, ject to environmental stresses that steady cool temperatures. temperatures occasionally reach critical reduceG crop yield and quality, and injure Mesoclimate is the climate of the vine- levels and cause significant damage. The and kill grapevines. Damaging critical yard site affected by its local topography. moderate hardiness of grapes increases winter temperatures, late spring frosts, The topography of a given site, including the likelihood for damage since they are short growing seasons, and extreme the absolute elevation, slope, aspect, and the most cold-sensitive of the temperate summer temperatures all occur with soils, will greatly affect the suitability of fruit crops. regularity in regions of Kentucky. How- a proposed site. Mesoclimate is much Freezing injury, or winterkill, oc- ever, despite the challenging climate, smaller in area than macroclimate. curs as a result of permanent parts of certain species and cultivars of grapes Microclimate is the environment the grapevine being damaged by sub- are grown commercially in Kentucky. within and around the canopy of the freezing temperatures. This is different The aim of this bulletin is to describe the grapevine. It is described by the sunlight from spring freeze damage that kills macroclimatic features affecting grape exposure, air temperature, wind speed, emerged shoots and flower buds. Thus, production that should be evaluated in and wetness of leaves and clusters. -
2007 Ohio Wine Competition
Official Results 2007 OHIO WINE COMPETITION Date: May 14-16, 2007 Location: Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio Competition Coordinator: Todd Steiner, OARDC, Wooster, OH Asst. Comp. Coordinators: Taehyun Ji and Dave Scurlock, OARDC, Wooster, OH Judges Chairman: Todd Steiner, Brian Sugerman OARDC, Wooster, OH Judges: Ken Bement, Owner, Whet Your Whistle Wine Store, Madison, OH Peter Bell, Winemaker, Enologist, Fox Run Vineyards, Penn Yenn, NY Amy Butler, Tasting Room Manager, Butler Winery, Bloomington, IN Nancie Corum, Asst. Winemaker, St. Julian Wine Company, Paw Paw, MI Jim Mihaloew, Certified Wine Educator and AWS Judge, Strongsville, OH Johannes Reinhardt, Winemaker, Anthony Road Winery, Penn Yan, NY Sue-Ann Staff, Head of Winemaking Operations, Pillitteri Estates Winery, Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada Entries: 265 Awards: Gold: 25 Silver: 69 Bronze: 79 2007 Ohio Wine Competition Summary of Awards by Medal WINERY WINE NAME VINTAGE APPELLATION MEDAL Breitenbach Wine Cellars Apricot NV American G Breitenbach Wine Cellars ThreeBerry Blend NV American G Breitenbach Wine Cellars Blueberry NV American G Debonne Vineyards Riesling 2006 Grand River Valley G Debonne Vineyards Chambourcin 2005 Grand River Valley G Debonne Vineyards Vidal Blanc 2006 Grand River Valley G Ferrante Winery & Ristorante Vidal Blanc 2006 Grand River Valley G Ferrante Winery & Ristorante Pinot Grigio Signature Series 2006 Grand River Valley G Ferrante Winery & Ristorante Riesling Signature Series 2006 Grand River Valley G Firelands Winery Gewurztraminer 2006 Isle St. George G Grand River Cellars Vidal Blanc Ice Wine 2005 Grand River Valley G Hermes Vineyards Semillon 2006 Lake Erie G Klingshirn Winery, Inc. Niagara NV Lake Erie G Klingshirn Winery, Inc. -
Matching Grape Varieties to Sites Are Hybrid Varieties Right for Oklahoma?
Matching Grape Varieties to Sites Are hybrid varieties right for Oklahoma? Bruce Bordelon Purdue University Wine Grape Team 2014 Oklahoma Grape Growers Workshop 2006 survey of grape varieties in Oklahoma: Vinifera 80%. Hybrids 15% American 7% Muscadines 1% Profiles and Challenges…continued… • V. vinifera cultivars are the most widely grown in Oklahoma…; however, observation and research has shown most European cultivars to be highly susceptible to cold damage. • More research needs to be conducted to elicit where European cultivars will do best in Oklahoma. • French-American hybrids are good alternatives due to their better cold tolerance, but have not been embraced by Oklahoma grape growers... Reasons for this bias likely include hybrid cultivars being perceived as lower quality than European cultivars, lack of knowledge of available hybrid cultivars, personal preference, and misinformation. Profiles and Challenges…continued… • The unpredictable continental climate of Oklahoma is one of the foremost obstacles for potential grape growers. • It is essential that appropriate site selection be done prior to planting. • Many locations in Oklahoma are unsuitable for most grapes, including hybrids and American grapes. • Growing grapes in Oklahoma is a risky endeavor and minimization of potential loss by consideration of cultivar and environmental interactions is paramount to ensure long-term success. • There are areas where some European cultivars may succeed. • Many hybrid and American grapes are better suited for most areas of Oklahoma than -
2014 Midwest Small Fruit and Grape Spray Guide Contents Foreword
2 014 Midwest Small Fruit and Grape Arkansas Spray Guide University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service AG1281 Illinois University of Illinois Extension ICSG3-14 Indiana Purdue Extension ID-169 Iowa Iowa State University Extension and Outreach PM 1375 Kansas K-State Research and Extension Kentucky University of Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service ID-94 Missouri University of Missouri Missouri State University MX377 Nebraska University of Nebraska — Lincoln Extension Ohio Ohio State University Extension 506B2 Oklahoma Oklahoma State University Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service E-987 West Virginia West Virginia University Extension Service Publication 865 Wisconsin University of Wisconsin-Extension A3899 2014 Midwest Small Fruit and Grape Spray Guide Contents Foreword .......................................................................................................................................6 Tips on Using This Spray Guide .................................................................................................13 Grape Spray Schedule .................................................................................................................15 Blueberry Spray Schedule ...........................................................................................................37 Raspberry and Blackberry Spray Schedule .................................................................................42 Strawberry Spray Schedule .........................................................................................................49 -
Amateur Wine Show- 40
AMATEUR WINE SHOW- 40 Co-Chairmen - Pat Strickland Premiums: $8.00, $6.00, $4.00 Premiums Offered: - $320.00 RULES 1. Entries must be entered between 2:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m. Thursday August 19th, and remain on display until 1:00 p.m. Sunday, August 29th 2. This is an amateur contest. No entrant shall be involved in any way with commercial wine making or use the facilities of commercial wineries, other than obtaining grapes, juice, concentrates, etc. 3. Each entry must be entered in a glass container (preferably bottle with cork) and contain not less that 1/2 pint or more than 1 quart. Attach label with name of wine and date made. 4. "Best of Show" ribbon will be awarded to the wine considered by the judges to be the best wine in the wine competition. First place wines in each category will be eligible for this award. 5. All entries must be completed since fair 2016 6. Decisions of the judges will be final. The American Wine Society guidelines will be used in judging the wines. Judges’ decisions and placings are final. 40-01-01-00 ...........................................................................Red American These wines must be made from native or American hybrid grapes, still, and dry. (Examples: Concord, Ives, Muscadine, Cynthiana, etc.) 40-01-02-00 ........................................................................White American These wines must be made from native or American hybrid grapes, still, and dry. (Examples: Niagara, Duchess, Diamond, Carlos, Magnolia, Margeurite, etc.) 40-01-03-00 ................................................................................Red Hybrid These wines must be dry, be made from grapes crossed from more than one species, usually exhibiting some “vinifera” characteristics, and may exhibit tannin and/or oak character. -
Utilization of Microsatellite Markers for a Comparative Assessment Of
BearWorks MSU Graduate Theses Spring 2016 Utilization Of Microsatellite Markers For A Comparative Assessment Of Norton And Cynthiana, And The Linkage Map Construction Of A 'Chambourcin' X 'Cabernet Sauvignon' Population Mia Elizabeth Mann As with any intellectual project, the content and views expressed in this thesis may be considered objectionable by some readers. However, this student-scholar’s work has been judged to have academic value by the student’s thesis committee members trained in the discipline. The content and views expressed in this thesis are those of the student-scholar and are not endorsed by Missouri State University, its Graduate College, or its employees. Follow this and additional works at: https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses Part of the Plant Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Mann, Mia Elizabeth, "Utilization Of Microsatellite Markers For A Comparative Assessment Of Norton And Cynthiana, And The Linkage Map Construction Of A 'Chambourcin' X 'Cabernet Sauvignon' Population" (2016). MSU Graduate Theses. 2385. https://bearworks.missouristate.edu/theses/2385 This article or document was made available through BearWorks, the institutional repository of Missouri State University. The work contained in it may be protected by copyright and require permission of the copyright holder for reuse or redistribution. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UTILIZATION OF MICROSATELLITE MARKERS FOR A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF NORTON AND CYNTHIANA, AND THE LINKAGE MAP CONSTRUCTION OF -
Research Focus 2016-3B
Research News from Cornell’s Viticulture and Enology Program Research Focus 2016-3b RESEARCH FOCUS Comparing Red Wine Color in V. vinifera and Hybrid Cultivars Claire Burtch and Anna Katharine Mansfield Department of Food Science, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY KEY CONCEPTS • The color of red wine comes from pigments called anthocyanins. • Wines produced from V. vinifera have antho- cyanin-3-monoglucosides, which polymerize with other wine compounds to form stable color. • Wine produced from interspecific hybrids usu- Bench-top anthocyanin kinetic experiments help researchers ally contain high concentrations of anthocyan- describe color formation in red hybrid wines. Photo by Claire Burtch in-3,5-diglucosides. Red hybrid grapes have a broader and more varied col- • Anthocyanin-3,5-diglucosides don't form poly- lection of phenolic compounds than their Vitis vinifera meric pigment as quickly as monoglucosides. counterparts, and consequently show greater diversity in wine color, structure, and mouthfeel. Hybrid red • Hybrid cultivars have less extractable tannins. wine quality, however, is often measured through com- parison to more familiar V. vinifera varietal wines, so • Interspecific hybrid wines will have low con- obvious color differences may detract from perceived centrations of stable color, polymeric pigment, quality. Winemakers complain that hybrid red wines due to high anthocyanin-3,5-diglucoside con- vary from V. vinifera in color density, hue, and develop- centration and low tannin concentration. ment during aging, but the reasons for these differences have not been extensively studied. To determine the nins. For this reason, understanding the rate and types source of the differences in hybrid and V.